WO2021159986A1 - 通信方法及通信装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021159986A1
WO2021159986A1 PCT/CN2021/074676 CN2021074676W WO2021159986A1 WO 2021159986 A1 WO2021159986 A1 WO 2021159986A1 CN 2021074676 W CN2021074676 W CN 2021074676W WO 2021159986 A1 WO2021159986 A1 WO 2021159986A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
random access
information
terminal device
step random
report
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/074676
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
耿婷婷
娄崇
严乐
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP21754652.2A priority Critical patent/EP4096284A4/en
Priority to JP2022548468A priority patent/JP7423801B2/ja
Publication of WO2021159986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021159986A1/zh
Priority to US17/887,182 priority patent/US12568533B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2024005023A priority patent/JP7670426B2/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0836—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with 2-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0866—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using a dedicated channel for access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0838—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access using contention-free random access [CFRA]

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication, and in particular, to communication methods and communication devices.
  • terminal equipment can establish a connection with the network side through a random access process, synchronize with the network side, and obtain a temporary wireless network identification ( Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier, C-RNTI).
  • C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • the terminal device fails to perform the two-step random access process, it can fall back to the four-step random access process.
  • the network side cannot optimize the above-mentioned two-step random access configuration, which may cause the terminal device to frequently fall back to the four-step random access process, which reduces the success rate of the random access of the terminal device.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication device to minimize the situation that the terminal device falls back to the four-step random access, and improve the success rate of the random access of the terminal device.
  • a communication method including: a first network device receives a first report from a terminal device, the first report includes first information, and the first information instructs the terminal device to passively fall back from two-step random access to four One-step random access, or active fallback from two-step random access to four-step random access; or, the first information indicates the manner in which the terminal device falls back from two-step random access to four-step random access Or, the first information indicates whether the terminal device has fallen back from two-step random access to four-step random access; or, the first information indicates whether the terminal device has received a fallback instruction.
  • the first network device may also perform processing according to the first report.
  • the network side can adjust the corresponding configuration information according to the fallback mode of the terminal device to improve the success rate of random access of the terminal device, and avoid frequent two-step random access caused by unreasonable network side configuration as much as possible go back.
  • the configuration parameters of the two-step random access can be adjusted to reduce the number of backoffs of the terminal device. For example, by increasing the maximum number of random access preambles or msgA transmissions in the two-step random access process, the terminal device can try to send msgA multiple times to initiate two-step random access to increase the chance of success of random access.
  • the network side can adjust the time-frequency resources of the two-step random access, and allocate enough time-frequency resources for the terminal device to transmit data related to the two-step random access. (For example, msgA), to improve the success rate of random access.
  • the first report further includes second information, and the second information indicates the quality threshold of the two-step random access.
  • the second information is used by the network device to determine the quality threshold of two-step random access, which can increase the quality threshold of two-step random access, so that the terminal device chooses four-step random access as much as possible, to a certain extent, to avoid the frequent drop of terminal equipment
  • the four-step random access process improves the success rate of random access for terminal equipment.
  • the first report further includes third information, and the third information includes at least one of the following information : The information of the physical uplink shared channel PUSCH configured for the terminal equipment in the two-step random access, the random access configuration information in the two-step random access, the correspondence between the random access configuration information and the PUSCH.
  • the third information is used by the network device to determine the configuration information of the two-step random access.
  • the network device can optimize the configuration information of the two-step random access after receiving the first report, and try to avoid the two steps of the terminal device due to unreasonable configuration. Random access failure improves the success rate of random access for terminal equipment.
  • the first report further includes fourth information, and the fourth information instructs the terminal device to reply Back to the four-step random access time information.
  • the fourth information is used by the network device to determine the two-step random access resource configuration information that caused the two-step random access fallback, so as to adjust the resource configuration information of the two-step random access, which improves the terminal device's two-step random access.
  • the success rate of access to a certain extent avoids the frequent drop of terminal equipment from four-step random access.
  • the first report further includes fifth information, and the fifth The information indicates the cell where the terminal device performs two-step random access.
  • the fifth information is used by the network device to determine the network device corresponding to the first report according to the fifth information, and to forward part or all of the information of the first report to the network device.
  • the first report further includes sixth information, and the sixth The information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • the sixth information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • the sixth information is used by the network device to determine the characteristics of the cell where the terminal device performs the two-step random access, so as to optimize the configuration information of the two-step random access according to the characteristics of the cell, and improve the success rate of the random access of the terminal device.
  • the first network device performs processing according to the first report, Including: the first network device sends part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device.
  • the first network device sends the information related to the two-step random access in the first report to the network device corresponding to the first report, that is, the network device that the terminal device performs two-step random access, so that the The network equipment optimizes the configuration information of the two-step random access to improve the success rate of the random access of the terminal equipment.
  • the first network device is the centralized unit CU, and the second network device is the distribution unit DU; or, the first network The device and the second network device are different base stations.
  • the embodiment of the application supports the transmission of information related to two-step random access between base stations, and also supports the transmission of information related to two-step random access between CU and DU.
  • the configuration information of two-step random access can be optimized , Improve the success rate of random access of terminal equipment.
  • a communication method including: a terminal device determines first information, the first information instructing the terminal device to fall back from two-step random access passive to four-step random access, or from two-step random access to active Back to the four-step random access; the terminal device sends a first report to the first network device, and the first report includes the first information.
  • the first report further includes second information, and the second information indicates the quality threshold of the two-step random access.
  • the first report further includes third information, and the third information includes at least one of the following information: The corresponding relationship between the physical uplink shared channel PUSCH information configured for the terminal device in the two-step random access, the random access configuration information in the two-step random access, the random access configuration information and the PUSCH.
  • the first report further includes fourth information, and the fourth information instructs the terminal device to reply Back to the four-step random access time information.
  • the first report further includes fifth information, and the fifth The information indicates the cell where the terminal device performs two-step random access.
  • the first report also includes sixth information, and the sixth The information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • the sixth information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • a first communication device including: a communication unit, configured to receive a first report from a terminal device, the first report includes first information, and the first information instructs the terminal device to passively respond from a two-step random access Fall back to four-step random access, or actively fall back from two-step random access to four-step random access; the processing unit is used for processing according to the first report.
  • the first report further includes second information, and the second information indicates the quality threshold of the two-step random access.
  • the first report also includes third information, and the third information includes the following information At least one of: the physical uplink shared channel PUSCH information configured for the terminal device in the two-step random access, the random access configuration information in the two-step random access, the correspondence between the random access configuration information and the PUSCH.
  • the first report also includes fourth information, and the fourth The information indicates the time information for the terminal device to fall back to the four-step random access.
  • the first report also includes fifth information, and the fifth The information indicates the cell where the terminal device performs two-step random access.
  • the first report also includes sixth information, and the sixth The information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • the sixth information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell; where the first cell is a two-step random access for the terminal device.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: The second communication device sends part or all of the information of the first report.
  • the first communication device is the centralized unit CU, and the second communication device is the distribution unit DU; or, the first communication The device and the second communication device are different base stations.
  • a communication device including: a processing unit, configured to determine first information, the first information instructing the terminal device to fall back passively from two-step random access to four-step random access, or Actively fall back from the two-step random access to the four-step random access; the communication unit is configured to send a first report to the first network device, the first report including the first information.
  • the first report further includes second information, and the second information indicates the quality threshold of the two-step random access.
  • the first report further includes third information, and the third information includes the following information At least one of: information of the physical uplink shared channel PUSCH configured for the terminal device in the two-step random access, random access configuration information in the two-step random access, and the random access configuration information Correspondence with the PUSCH.
  • the first report further includes fourth information, and the fourth information Time information instructing the terminal device to fall back to the four-step random access.
  • the first report further includes fifth information,
  • the fifth information indicates a cell in which the terminal device performs the two-step random access.
  • the first report further includes sixth information,
  • the sixth information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, the service type of the first cell, and the type of the first cell;
  • the first cell is a cell where the terminal device performs the two-step random access.
  • a communication device including at least one processor and a memory, where the at least one processor is coupled to the memory; the memory is configured to store a computer program;
  • the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory, so that the apparatus executes the method according to any one of the foregoing first aspect and the first aspect, or the foregoing second aspect And the method described in any implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium including: instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium; When the device is running, the communication device is caused to execute the communication method described in the first aspect and any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium including: instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium; When the device is running, the communication device is caused to execute the communication method described in the second aspect and any one of the implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • a wireless communication device includes a processor, for example, applied to a communication device for implementing the method described in the first aspect and any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the device may be a chip system, for example.
  • the chip system further includes a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary to realize the functions of the method described in the first aspect.
  • a wireless communication device in a ninth aspect, includes a processor, for example, used in a communication device to implement the above-mentioned second aspect and the function or method involved in any one of the second aspect.
  • the communication device may be a chip system, for example.
  • the chip system further includes a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary to realize the functions of the method described in the second aspect.
  • the chip system in the above aspect may be a system on chip (SOC), or a baseband chip, etc., where the baseband chip may include a processor, a channel encoder, a digital signal processor, a modem, and an interface module.
  • SOC system on chip
  • baseband chip may include a processor, a channel encoder, a digital signal processor, a modem, and an interface module.
  • a communication system includes the foregoing third aspect, any one of the possible implementation manners of the third aspect, and any one of the foregoing fourth aspect and the fourth aspect.
  • the communication system further includes a second network device, the second network device is configured to receive part or all of the information in the first report, and process it according to part or all of the information in the first report .
  • FIG. 1 is an architecture diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is another architecture diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a network device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is another structural block diagram of a network device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of random access provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is another flowchart of random access provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 7a is a structural block diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7b is another structural block diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another flow of a communication method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another flow of a communication method provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • 11 to 14 are another structural block diagrams of a communication device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system to which the technical solution provided by the present application is applicable.
  • the communication system may include at least one network device (showing network device 100) and at least one terminal device (only shown in the figure).
  • FIG. 1 is only a schematic diagram, and does not constitute a limitation on the applicable scenarios of the technical solutions provided in this application.
  • the network device 100 may be any device with a wireless transceiving function. Including but not limited to: evolved base station (E-UTRAN NodeB or e-NodeB or eNB) in LTE, base station (gNodeB or gNB) or transmission point (transmission) in 5G or new radio (NR) access technology /reception point, TRP), 3GPP subsequent evolution of base stations, access nodes in the WiFi system, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, etc.
  • the base station can be: a macro base station, a micro base station, a pico base station, a small station, a relay station, or a balloon station, etc. Multiple base stations can support networks of the same technology mentioned above, or networks of different technologies mentioned above.
  • the base station can contain one or more co-site or non-co-site TRPs.
  • the network device may also be a wireless controller, a centralized unit (CU), and/or a distributed unit (DU) in a cloud radio access network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario.
  • the network device can also be a server, a wearable device, or a vehicle-mounted device.
  • the following description takes the network device as a base station as an example.
  • the multiple network devices may be base stations of the same type, or base stations of different types.
  • the base station can communicate with the terminal equipment, and it can also communicate with the terminal equipment through the relay station.
  • the terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations of different technologies.
  • the terminal device can communicate with a base station that supports an LTE network, can also communicate with a base station that supports a 5G network, and can also support communication with a base station of an LTE network and a base station of a 5G network. Double connection.
  • a terminal device (such as terminal device 200) is a device with a wireless transceiver function, which can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld, wearable, or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on the water (such as a ship, etc.); it can also be deployed In the air (for example, on airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.).
  • the terminal equipment may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal equipment, augmented reality (AR) terminal equipment, industrial control ( Wireless terminals in industrial control), vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, transportation safety ( Wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, wearable terminal devices, and so on.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios.
  • Terminals can sometimes be referred to as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), access terminal equipment, vehicle-mounted terminal, industrial control terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal equipment, mobile Equipment, UE terminal equipment, terminal equipment, wireless communication equipment, UE agent or UE device, etc.
  • the terminal can also be fixed or mobile.
  • the terminal device of the present application may also be a vehicle-mounted module, vehicle-mounted module, vehicle-mounted component, vehicle-mounted chip, or vehicle-mounted unit that is built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle passes through the built-in vehicle-mounted module, vehicle-mounted module, An on-board component, on-board chip, or on-board unit can implement the method of the present application.
  • the network device and the terminal device (for example, the terminal device 202 or the terminal device 201) communicate through a cellular link, and the terminal devices (for example, the terminal device 201 and the terminal device 202) communicate through a sidelink. .
  • Fig. 2 shows another schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system may include at least two network devices, such as the network device 101 and the network device 102 shown in FIG. 2; the communication system may also include at least one terminal device 200.
  • the terminal device 200 may establish a wireless link with the network device 101 and the network device 102 through dual connectivity (DC) technology or multi-connection technology.
  • the network device 101 may be, for example, a primary base station
  • the network device 102 may be, for example, a secondary base station.
  • the network device 101 is the network device when the terminal device 200 initially accesses, and is responsible for radio resource control (RRC) communication with the terminal device 200.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the network device 102 may be added during RRC reconfiguration. , Used to provide additional wireless resources.
  • one of the two network devices is responsible for interacting RRC messages with terminal device 200 and for interacting with core network control plane entities.
  • the network The device 101 may be referred to as a master node (master node, MN).
  • the master node may be a master evolved NodeB (MeNB) or a master next generation node base station (MgNB), which is not limited to this.
  • another network device such as the network device 102, may be referred to as a secondary node (SN).
  • the secondary node may be a secondary evolved NodeB (SeNB) or a secondary next generation node base station (SgNB), which is not limited to this.
  • multiple serving cells in the master node may form a master cell group (master cell group, MCG), including a primary cell (primary cell, PCell) and optionally one or more secondary cells (secondary cell, SCell).
  • MCG master cell group
  • SCell secondary cell group
  • Multiple serving cells in the secondary node may form a secondary cell group (secondary cell group, SCG), including one primary and secondary cell (PSCell) and optionally one or more SCells.
  • SCG secondary cell group
  • the serving cell refers to the cell configured by the network for the terminal to perform uplink and downlink transmission.
  • the network device 102 may also be the master node, and the network device 101 may be the auxiliary node, which is not limited in this application.
  • the figure is only for ease of understanding, and shows a wireless connection between two network devices and a terminal device.
  • the terminal device can also communicate with 3 or more network devices at the same time and can send and receive data.
  • one network device may be responsible for exchanging RRC messages with the terminal and for interaction with the core network control plane entity. Then, the network device can be called MN, and the rest Network equipment can be called SN.
  • the network device may include a centralized unit (CU) node and a distributed unit (DU) node.
  • CU centralized unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • the network equipment CU node and the RAN equipment of the DU node may include a centralized unit (CU) node and a distributed unit (DU) node.
  • the CU node can be divided into a control plane (CU-CP) and a user plane (CU-UP).
  • CU-CP is responsible for control plane functions, mainly including radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, RRC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP)-C.
  • PDCP-C is mainly responsible for encryption and decryption of control plane data, integrity protection, data transmission, etc.
  • CU-UP is responsible for user plane functions, and mainly includes service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) and PDCP-U.
  • SDAP is mainly responsible for processing the data of the core network and mapping the flow to the bearer.
  • PDCP-U is mainly responsible for data encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, serial number maintenance, data transmission, etc.
  • CU-CP and CU-UP are connected through the E1 interface.
  • CU-CP stands for CU connected to the core network through the Ng interface.
  • CU-UP is connected to DU through F1-U (user plane).
  • F1-C control plane
  • F1-U user plane
  • PDCP-C is also in CU-UP.
  • Random access is a prerequisite for terminal equipment to communicate with the network side.
  • the terminal equipment can establish uplink synchronization through random access, obtain C-RNTI, and request the network to allocate uplink resources. Random access is not only used for initial access, but also for new cell access during handover, access after radio link failure, resumption of uplink synchronization and uplink resources when there is uplink/downlink data transmission Request etc.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device completes the random access process, it can obtain data bearer configuration information, establish a bearer for data transmission according to the foregoing configuration information, and perform data communication with the network device.
  • random access can be divided into contention-based random access (CBRA) and non-competition-based random access (bon-contention based random access or contention-free based random access, CFRA).
  • CBRA contention-based random access
  • CFRA contention-free based random access
  • random access can be divided into four-step random access (4-step random access channe, 4-step RACH) and two-step random access (2-step RACH).
  • the terminal device can determine whether to choose 4-step RACH or 2-step RACH according to the cell signal quality.
  • the signal quality of a cell can be determined by receiving signal code power (RSCP), reference signal receiving power (RSRP), reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ), Signal to noise ratio (signal noise ratio, SNR), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), reference signal strength indication (RSSI) or other signal quality Characterization. If the received power of the reference signal is used to characterize the signal quality of the cell, the quality threshold of the 2-step RACH can be the received power of the reference signal.
  • the terminal equipment measures the reference signal to obtain the RSRP, and the quality threshold of the 2-step RACH is the RSRP value T.
  • the terminal device selects 4-step RACH; when the RSRP measured by the terminal device is higher than T, the terminal device selects 2-step RACH.
  • the four-step random access process includes the following processes:
  • the terminal device sends a message 1 (MSG 1).
  • the message 1 includes a random access preamble.
  • the terminal device receives the 4-step RACH configuration information sent by the network device. For example, at least one type of configuration information such as preamble configuration information, RACH time-frequency resource configuration information, and the maximum number of preamble transmissions.
  • the preamble configuration information is used for the terminal device to determine the preamble;
  • the RACH time-frequency resource configuration information is used for the terminal device to determine the RACH time-frequency resource, and the RACH time-frequency resource is used for the terminal device to send the preamble.
  • a terminal device initiates a contention-based four-step random access on a cell, the terminal device can select one of the available preambles in the cell, and transmit the preamble through a physical random access channel (PRACH). Or, in the non-competitive four-step random access, the terminal device transmits the preamble designated by the base station through the PRACH.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • the base station After receiving the preamble sent by the terminal device, the base station sends a message 2 (MSG 2) to the terminal device.
  • MSG 2 message 2
  • message 2 may be referred to as a random access response (RAR).
  • RAR random access response
  • the terminal device After the terminal device sends the preamble, it will monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the RAR time window (RA response window) to receive the corresponding RAR.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the base station after the base station receives the preamble sent by the terminal device, it estimates the transmission delay between the base station and the terminal device, and calculates an uplink timing advance (TA) based on the transmission delay, so that the base station can calibrate the uplink timing.
  • the base station can also send the TA to the terminal device so that the terminal device can perform uplink synchronization with the base station according to the TA.
  • the RAR includes at least one of a preamble identifier, TA information, and initial uplink grant (UL grant) information.
  • the RAR may also include the temporary identifier C-RNTI of the UE.
  • the terminal device After receiving the RAR from the base station, the terminal device judges whether the preamble indicated by the preamble identifier in the RAR is the same as the preamble sent in step S1. If they are the same, it is considered that the RAR reception is successful; otherwise, it is considered that the RAR reception has failed, and the terminal device can trigger the random access procedure again.
  • the terminal device sends a message 3 (MSG3) to the base station.
  • MSG3 message 3
  • Msg3 contains the identification information of the terminal device, and the identification information of the terminal device can be used for S4 conflict resolution.
  • the identification information of the terminal device can be the C-RNTI information of the terminal device, the resume ID of the terminal device or the inactive RNTI (I-RNTI), and the system architecture evolution temporary mobile user identification (system architecture evolution temporary mobile). subscriber identity, S-TMSI), any one of random numbers.
  • the resume ID or I-RNTI is used by the base station to identify terminal equipment and related context information.
  • the terminal device may determine the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) according to the UL grant information in the RAR, and send data through the PUSCH.
  • the terminal device sending data through PUSCH can be referred to as sending message 3.
  • the data sent by the terminal device through the PUSCH may include at least one of a radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message and user plane data of the terminal device.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the base station sends a message 4 (MSG4) to the terminal device to resolve the conflict.
  • MSG4 message 4
  • the base station receives the message 3 sent by the terminal device, and can obtain the identification information of the terminal device from it.
  • the base station can send a message 4 to the terminal device, indicating the terminal device that wins the random access conflict, and other terminal devices can re-initiate random access.
  • the message 4 may include a contention resolution identity (CR ID).
  • CR ID is part or all of the identification information of the terminal device in message 3.
  • the terminal device compares the CR ID with the identification information of the terminal device in the message 3. If the two match, the conflict resolution is successful. If the terminal device does not receive message 4, the terminal device can re-initiate random access. Or, the CRID does not match the identification information of the terminal device in message 3, that is, the terminal device fails in conflict resolution, and the terminal device can re-initiate random access.
  • the terminal device sends preamble and msgA.
  • the terminal device may only send msgA in A1.
  • the terminal device may only send msgA in step A1.
  • the data sent by the terminal device through the PUSCH may include at least one of a radio resource control layer (radio resource control, RRC) message, identification information of the terminal device, and user plane data.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the terminal device receives the configuration information sent by the base station.
  • the configuration information may include two-step random access configuration information and PUSCH configuration information.
  • the configuration information may also include the correspondence between two-step random access configuration information and PUSCH configuration information.
  • the configuration information of the two-step random access includes at least one of random access preamble configuration information and/or time-frequency resource configuration information.
  • the random access preamble configuration information is used to determine the random access preamble
  • the time-frequency resource configuration information is used to determine the time-frequency resource for sending the random access preamble.
  • the preamble and the PUSCH may correspond one-to-one, or multiple preambles correspond to one PUSCH, or one preamble corresponds to multiple PUSCHs.
  • the configuration information may include the maximum transmission times of preamble or msg A in two-step random access.
  • the terminal device receives msgB from the base station.
  • msgB may include one or more RARs, and the RARs include a success response (successRAR) or a fallback response (fallbackRAR).
  • msgB may carry indication information, indicating whether the RAR in msgB is successRAR or fallbackRAR.
  • SuccessRAR includes the conflict resolution identifier.
  • successRAR may indicate that the base station has detected the preamble sent by the terminal device and successfully decoded the data sent on the PUSCH corresponding to the preamble. If the conflict is resolved successfully, the terminal device ends the random access process; otherwise, the terminal device can re-initiate random access.
  • FallbackRAR can indicate that the base station detected the preamble, but failed to successfully decode the data sent on the PUSCH corresponding to the preamble, and the terminal device did not win in the two-step random access.
  • FallbackRAR may include at least one of preamble identifier, TA information, and initial uplink authorization information. After receiving the fallbackRAR, the terminal device falls back to the four-step random access mechanism, that is, the terminal device can perform step S3.
  • step S4 can also be performed. If the conflict resolution in step S4 fails, the terminal device initiates a four-step random access according to the configuration information of the four-step random access, and executes step S1.
  • the terminal device can re-initiate the two-step random access process.
  • the fallback of two-step random access includes the following two possible implementation methods:
  • the number of times the terminal device initiates two-step random access reaches the threshold (for example, the maximum number of transmissions of the msgA or random access preamble mentioned above), but the maximum number of cell connection failures has not been reached yet. Enter the number of times, the terminal device can fall back to four-step random access. In the embodiments of the present application, this method may be referred to as active fallback.
  • the terminal device initiates a two-step random access process, and the msgB received by the terminal device includes fallbackRAR, then the terminal device can fallback from the two-step random access to the four-step random access.
  • this method may be referred to as passive fallback.
  • the terminal device can record the information in the four-step random access process and generate a random access report (RACH report).
  • RACH report When the terminal device accesses the network, it sends a RACH report to the network device.
  • the RACH report may include the maximum number of preamble transmissions in the four-step random access, and whether a conflict is detected.
  • the RACH report may also include the carrier type of the cell performing the four-step random access process, such as a normal uplink carrier or a supplementary uplink (SUL).
  • the carrier type of the cell performing the four-step random access process such as a normal uplink carrier or a supplementary uplink (SUL).
  • SUL supplementary uplink
  • the existing RACH report only supports the four-step random access process, and cannot support the two-step random access process, and the scenario where the two-step random access process falls back to the four-step random access process.
  • the network side cannot optimize the configuration of random access according to the RACH report, which may cause the terminal device to frequently fall back to the four-step random access process, which reduces the success rate of the random access of the terminal device.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • a terminal device sends a first report to a first network device, where the first report includes first information.
  • the first information indicates that the terminal device passively falls back from two-step random access to four-step random access, or actively falls back from the two-step random access to the four-step random access.
  • the first network device receives the first report from the terminal device, and performs processing according to the first report.
  • the network side can adjust the corresponding configuration information according to the fallback mode of the terminal device to improve the success rate of random access of the terminal device, and avoid frequent two-step random access caused by unreasonable network side configuration as much as possible go back.
  • the configuration parameters of the two-step random access can be adjusted to reduce the number of backoffs of the terminal device. For example, by increasing the maximum number of random access preambles or msgA transmissions in the two-step random access process, the terminal device can try to send msgA multiple times to initiate two-step random access to increase the chance of success of random access.
  • the network side can adjust the time-frequency resources of the two-step random access, and allocate enough time-frequency resources for the terminal device to transmit data related to the two-step random access. (For example, msgA), to improve the success rate of random access.
  • the terminal device and/or the network device can perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the present application. These steps or operations are only examples, and the embodiments of the present application may also perform other operations or various operations. Deformation of the operation. In addition, each step may be executed in a different order presented in the embodiments of the present application, and it may not be necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7a shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device 710 provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the communication device 710 includes a processor 7101, a memory 7102, and at least one communication interface (in FIG. 7a, the communication interface 7103 is included as an example for illustration).
  • the processor 7101, the memory 7102, and the communication interface 7103 are connected to each other.
  • the communication device 710 may not include the memory 7102.
  • the processor 7101 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more programs for controlling the execution of the program of this application. integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Communication interface 7103 using any device such as a transceiver to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN) Wait.
  • RAN radio access network
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • the memory 7102 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM), or other types that can store information and instructions
  • the dynamic storage device can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, optical disc storage (Including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and can be used by a computer Any other media accessed, but not limited to this.
  • the memory can exist independently, or it can be connected to the processor. The memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 7102 is used to store computer-executable instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the processor 7101 controls the execution.
  • the processor 7101 is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 7102, so as to implement the intention processing method provided in the following embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer-executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application program codes, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 7101 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 7a.
  • the communication device 710 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 7101 and the processor 7106 in FIG. 7a.
  • processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • the communication apparatus 710 may further include an output device 7104 and an input device 7105.
  • the output device 7104 communicates with the processor 7101 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 7104 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector (projector) Wait.
  • the input device 7105 communicates with the processor 7101, and can receive user input in a variety of ways.
  • the input device 7105 may be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.
  • the aforementioned communication device 710 may be a general-purpose device or a special-purpose device.
  • the communication device 710 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a palmtop computer (personal digital assistant, PDA), a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal device, an embedded device, or a similar structure in FIG. 7a. equipment.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the communication device 710.
  • the communication device 710 may be a complete terminal machine, may also be a functional component or component that implements the terminal, or may be a communication chip, such as a baseband chip.
  • the communication interface may be a radio frequency module.
  • the communication interface 7103 may be an input/output interface circuit of the chip, and the input/output interface circuit is used to read in and output baseband signals.
  • the network device described in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by the communication device 720 shown in FIG. 7b.
  • the structure of the communication device 720 can refer to the structure shown in FIG. 7b.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor 7201, at least one memory 7202, at least one transceiver 7203, at least one network interface 7204, and one or more antennas 7205.
  • the processor 7201, the memory 7202, the transceiver 7203 and the network interface 7204 are connected, for example, by a bus.
  • the antenna 7205 is connected to the transceiver 7203.
  • the network interface 7204 is used for the communication device to connect to other communication devices through a communication link, for example, the communication device is connected to a core network element through an S1 interface.
  • the connection may include various interfaces, transmission lines, or buses, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the communication device 720 may not include the memory 7202.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may include at least one of the following types: a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), a microprocessor, Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Microcontroller Unit (MCU), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or integrated circuit used to implement logic operations .
  • the processor 7201 may be a single-CPU processor or a multi-CPU processor.
  • the at least one processor 7201 may be integrated in one chip or located on multiple different chips.
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present application may include at least one of the following types: read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory Random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory Random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the memory can also be a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.) , Disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but are not limited thereto.
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • Disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but are not limited thereto.
  • the memory 7202 may exist independently and is connected to the processor 7201.
  • the memory 7202 may also be integrated with the processor 7201, for example, integrated in one chip.
  • the memory 7202 can store program codes for executing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 7201 controls the execution, and various types of computer program codes executed can also be regarded as driver programs of the processor 7201.
  • the processor 7201 is configured to execute computer program codes stored in the memory 7202, so as to implement the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the transceiver 7203 may be used to support the reception or transmission of radio frequency signals between the communication device and the terminal equipment, and the transceiver 7203 may be connected to the antenna 7205.
  • one or more antennas 7205 can receive radio frequency signals
  • the transceiver 7203 can be used to receive the radio frequency signals from the antennas, convert the radio frequency signals into digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency signals, and convert the digital baseband signals or
  • the digital intermediate frequency signal is provided to the processor 7201, so that the processor 7201 performs further processing on the digital baseband signal or digital intermediate frequency signal, such as demodulation processing and decoding processing.
  • the transceiver 7203 can be used to receive a modulated digital baseband signal or digital intermediate frequency signal from the processor 7201, and convert the modulated digital baseband signal or digital intermediate frequency signal into a radio frequency signal, and pass it through one or more antennas 7205 Sending the radio frequency signal.
  • the transceiver 7203 can selectively perform one or more stages of down-mixing processing and analog-to-digital conversion processing on the radio frequency signal to obtain a digital baseband signal or a digital intermediate frequency signal.
  • the order of precedence is adjustable.
  • the transceiver 7203 can selectively perform one or more stages of up-mixing processing and digital-to-analog conversion processing on the modulated digital baseband signal or digital intermediate frequency signal to obtain a radio frequency signal, the up-mixing processing and the digital-to-analog conversion processing The order of precedence is adjustable. Digital baseband signals and digital intermediate frequency signals can be collectively referred to as digital signals.
  • the transceiver may be called a transceiver circuit, a transceiver unit, a transceiver device, a transmission circuit, a transmission unit, or a transmission device, and so on.
  • the communication device 720 may be a complete communication device, a component or component that realizes the function of the communication device, or a communication chip.
  • the transceiver 7203 may be an interface circuit of the chip, and the interface circuit is used to read in and output baseband signals.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method. As shown in FIG. 8, the method includes the following processes:
  • the terminal device sends a first report to the first network device, where the first report includes first information.
  • the first information indicates that the terminal device passively falls back from two-step random access to four-step random access, or actively falls back from the two-step random access to the four-step random access.
  • the first information indicates a fallback manner of the terminal device from two-step random access to four-step random access; wherein, the fallback manner of the terminal device may be passive fallback or active fallback.
  • the first information indicates whether the terminal device has fallen back from two-step random access to four-step random access; or, the first information indicates whether the terminal device has received a fallback instruction, for example, the fallback described above RAR, or RAR type indication information.
  • the terminal device sends a first message to the first network device, the first message includes a first report, and the first report includes the first information.
  • the first message may be a user equipment information response message (UE information response), an RRC reconfiguration response message, or an RRC connection reconfiguration response message.
  • the first report may be a report related to random access that the terminal device reports to the first network device, for example, a RACH report, an establishment failure report, a recovery failure report, a radio link failure report, or a handover success report.
  • the terminal device when a terminal device initiates a two-step random access in the first cell and falls back to a four-step random access, the terminal device can generate a first report to record the random access of the terminal device in the first cell.
  • the network device to which the first cell belongs may be referred to as the network device corresponding to the first report.
  • the first network device is a network device to which the cell where the terminal device currently resides belongs.
  • the first network device and the network device corresponding to the first report may be the same network device, or the network device corresponding to the first report may be a different network device.
  • the terminal device initiates a two-step random access in the cell of the first network device and falls back to a four-step random access.
  • the terminal device can record random access-related information to generate a first report, and send the first report to the first network device.
  • One report so that the first network device can optimize the two-step random access configuration parameters of the terminal device according to the information in the first report (for example, the first information), and try to avoid the terminal device from frequently falling back to the four-step random access , Improve the success rate of random access.
  • the terminal device may initiate random access in the cell of the second network device (different from the first network device) and record random access related information, and generate the first report.
  • the terminal device may send a first report to the first network device, and the first network device may send all or part of the information of the first report to the second network device (for example, according to the The cell information in a report determines the second network device corresponding to the first report), so that the second network device optimizes the two-step random access configuration parameters of the terminal device according to the information in the first report (for example, the first information) .
  • the first information is 1 bit
  • the 1 bit is the first value or the second value.
  • the 1 bit indicates active fallback, that is, the terminal device actively falls back from two-step random access to four-step random access.
  • the 1 bit is the second value, it indicates passive fallback, that is, the terminal device passively falls back from two-step random access to four-step random access.
  • the first value is “0” and the second value is “1"; or, the first value is “1" and the second value is “0".
  • the first report may include second information, and the second information indicates the quality threshold of the two-step random access.
  • the second information is used by the network device to determine whether the quality threshold of the two-step random access configured for the terminal device is reasonable.
  • the terminal device measures the signal quality to obtain the measurement result, compares the measurement result with the quality threshold of the two-step random access, and selects whether to perform the four-step random access or the two-step random access.
  • Signal quality can be received signal code power (received signal code power, RSCP), reference signal receiving power (reference signal receiving power, RSRP), reference signal receiving quality (reference signal receiving quality, RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (signal noise ratio, SNR), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), reference signal strength indication (RSSI), or other signal quality.
  • RSCP received signal code power
  • RSRP reference signal receiving power
  • RSRQ reference signal receiving quality
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • RSSI reference signal strength indication
  • the characterization quantity of signal quality also has a corresponding quality threshold.
  • the first report may include third information, and the third information is used by the network device to determine the two-step random access resource configuration information when the terminal device falls back from the two-step random access to the four-step random access.
  • the third information includes at least one of the following information: physical uplink shared channel PUSCH configuration information configured for the terminal device in the two-step random access, and random access configuration information in the two-step random access , The correspondence between the random access configuration information and the PUSCH configuration information.
  • the third information may be obtained by the terminal device from system messages, or may be obtained from dedicated signaling.
  • the random access configuration information includes at least one of random access preamble configuration information and/or time-frequency resource configuration information.
  • the random access preamble configuration information is used to determine a random access preamble
  • the time-frequency resource configuration information is used to determine a time-frequency resource for sending the random access preamble.
  • the first report may include fourth information, and the fourth information is used by the network device to determine time information for the terminal device to fall back from the two-step random access to the four-step random access.
  • the time information can indicate a point in time, a length of time, a relative point in time, or a time deviation.
  • the time point refers to a specific moment.
  • the time information may be the moment when the two-step random access is initiated, or the moment when the terminal device sends MSG 1, or the moment when the terminal device receives the configuration information for the two-step random access.
  • the moment of two-step random access by the terminal device, or the moment when the terminal device initiates the four-step random access after the failure of the two-step random access which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.
  • the fourth information may be the length of time after "the terminal device receives the resource configuration information for two-step random access".
  • the time information is the length of time between the time when the terminal device receives the resource configuration information for two-step random access to the time when the terminal device reports the first report.
  • the fourth information may be the length of time after the terminal device reverts to the four-step random access.
  • the time information is the length of time between the time when the terminal device retreats from the two-step random access to the four-step random access to the time when the terminal device reports the first report.
  • the first report may include fifth information, and the fifth information indicates the first cell where the terminal device performs the two-step random access.
  • the first cell is a cell where the terminal device fails to initiate the two-step random access and falls back to the four-step random access, or the first cell is the cell corresponding to the first report recorded by the terminal device.
  • the fifth information may include at least one of the following cell information: a cell global identifier (CGI) of the cell, a physical cell identifier (PCI), frequency point information, and a cell identifier (cell identifier).
  • the fifth information may indicate whether the first report is a report corresponding to the cell of the secondary node.
  • the terminal device can initiate random access (for example, two-step random access) in the cell of the master node MN, and after the two-step random access on the cell of the master node fails, You can fall back to four-step random access. If the terminal device succeeds in random access in the cell of the MN, the terminal device may send a first report to the primary network device to which the cell of the MN belongs (for example, the first network device described in this embodiment of the application), indicating the primary node’s Information about the two-step random access on the cell.
  • the primary network device for example, the first network device described in this embodiment of the application
  • the terminal device can initiate random access on the cell of the new SN.
  • the terminal device may send a first report to the primary network device, indicating related information about two-step random access on the cell of the secondary node.
  • the first report also includes fifth information.
  • the fifth information may be cell information of the secondary node or the fifth information may indicate whether the first report is a report corresponding to the cell of the secondary node.
  • the first report may include sixth information, and the sixth information indicates at least one of the following information: the network type of the first cell, the frequency type of the first cell, and the first cell The service type of and the type of the first cell; wherein, the first cell is a cell where the terminal device performs the two-step random access.
  • the network type can include public network, private network (non-public network, NPN), independent private network (standalone NPN, SNPN), non-independent private network (such as private network integrated in the public network (public network integrated NPN, PNI) -NPN) or closed access group (CAG);
  • NPN non-public network
  • SNPN independent private network
  • CAG closed access group
  • the frequency type may include the carrier type of the first cell.
  • the frequency type is NR UL or supplementary uplink carrier or unlicensed band (unlicensed band) cell;
  • the service type is the type of service performed by the terminal device on the first cell.
  • the service types may include mobile broadband (mobility board band, MBB), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), industrial internet of things (IIoT), ultra-reliable and low latency connections (ultra-reliable and low).
  • latency communications URLLC
  • Internet of Things machine-type communication MTC
  • massive machine-type communications mMTC
  • narrowband Internet of Things narrowband IoT, NB-IoT
  • augmented reality augmented reality, AR
  • VR virtual reality
  • the type of the first cell may include at least one of the following types: a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell, and a terrestrial cell, a low earth (low earth orbit, LEO) satellite cell, and a high orbit (geostationary earth orbit) cell. GEO) satellite cell, low-orbit regeneration cell, low-orbit transparent transmission cell, etc.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • LEO low earth orbit
  • GEO high orbit
  • the first report may include seventh information, and the seventh information indicates at least one of the following information: random access preamble or maximum transmission times of msgA in two-step random access, terminal equipment Whether the conflict is detected in the two-step random access, whether the maximum transmission power of the terminal device has been reached, and the actual number of transmissions of the preamble of the terminal device in the two-step random access random access.
  • the actual number of transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum number of transmissions of the random access preamble or msgA. For example, if the terminal device receives msgB, but the CR ID in msgB is different from the CR ID of the terminal device, it indicates that the terminal device has detected a conflict.
  • the first report may include eighth information, and the eighth information may indicate at least one of the following information: the maximum number of transmissions of the random access preamble in the four-step random access, the terminal equipment Whether a conflict is detected in the four-step random access, and whether the maximum transmission power of the terminal device has been reached, the actual number of times the terminal device randomly accesses the preamble in the four-step random access.
  • the actual number of transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum number of transmissions of the random access preamble. For example, if the terminal device receives MSG 4, but the identifier in MSG 4 is different from the identifier of the terminal device, it indicates that the terminal device has detected a conflict.
  • the terminal device also sends one or more of the above-mentioned first information to the eighth information to the first network device through different messages. It is understandable that the terminal device sends one or more of the first information to the eighth information to the first terminal device through N messages, where N is a positive integer less than 8. For example, one message can carry two pieces of information, or it can carry more information, which is not limited here.
  • the first report may include one or more of the above-mentioned first information to eighth information.
  • the first network device receives a first report from the terminal device, and performs processing according to the first report.
  • the first network device receives a first report sent by a terminal device, and performs corresponding processing according to the first report.
  • the first network device obtains the first report from the first message. If the first network device is the network device corresponding to the first report, the first network device can optimize the two-step random configuration of the terminal device according to the first report. Access parameters to improve the success rate of random access for terminal equipment.
  • the first network device determines that the second network device is the network device corresponding to the first report
  • the first network device sends part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device, so that the second network device
  • the device can optimize the two-step random access parameters configured for the terminal device according to part or all of the information in the first report, so as to increase the probability of success of random access.
  • the first network device may also send type information of the first report.
  • the type of the first report can be pure 5G (such as NR or gNB), 4G connected to the 5G core network (such as eLTE or ng-eNB), or pure 4G (such as LTE or eNB).
  • the second network device may determine the encoding format of the first report according to the type information of the first report, so as to perform corresponding decoding.
  • the first network device is a centralized unit CU, and the second network device is a distributed unit DU.
  • the first network device sends part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device through the F1 interface.
  • the first network device may also send the type information of the first report to the second network device.
  • the first network device and the second network device are different base stations.
  • the first network device may directly or indirectly send part or all of the information of the foregoing first report to the second network device.
  • the first network device may also send the type information of the first report to the second network device.
  • the first network device sends part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device through the interface between the base station and the base station.
  • the interface between the first network device and the second network device may be an X2 interface or an Xn interface.
  • part or all of the information of the first report can be sent to the second network device through a failure indication (FAILURE INDICATION, RLF INDICATION) message or a handover report (HANDOVER REPORT) message.
  • the first network device may send part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device through another device (for example, a core network device).
  • the first network device may also send the type information of the first report to the second network device.
  • part or all of the information of the first report is sent to the core network device through the interface between the base station and the core network device.
  • the first network device sends part or all of the information of the first report to the core network device through the S1 or NG interface, and the core network device forwards the information received from the first network device to the second network device.
  • the first network device may send part or all of the information of the first report to the second network device through the following messages on the S1/NG interface: uplink RAN configuration transmission (UPLIKN RAN configuration TRANSFER) message, downlink RAN configuration transmission (DOWNLIKN RAN) CONFIGURATION TRANSFER) message, base station configuration transmission (eNB CONFIGURATION TRANSFER) message, or core network equipment configuration transmission (MME CONFIGURATION TRANSFER) message.
  • uplink RAN configuration transmission (UPLIKN RAN configuration TRANSFER) message
  • DOWNLIKN RAN downlink RAN configuration transmission
  • eNB CONFIGURATION TRANSFER base station configuration transmission
  • MME CONFIGURATION TRANSFER core network equipment configuration transmission
  • the first network device is a CU
  • the second network device is a base station.
  • the first base station includes CU and DU.
  • the terminal device may send the first report to the CU, and the CU may send part or all of the information of the first report to the second base station.
  • the first network device is a base station
  • the second network device is a CU
  • the second base station includes CU and DU.
  • the terminal device may send a first report to the first base station, and the first base station may send part or all of the information of the first report to the CU.
  • a network device for example, the first network device or the second network device described in the embodiment of the present application
  • the network device can adjust the configuration parameters of the two-step random access to reduce the number of backoffs of the terminal device. For example, by increasing the maximum number of random access preambles or msgA transmissions in the two-step random access process, the terminal device can try to send msgA multiple times to initiate two-step random access to increase the chance of success of random access.
  • the network side can adjust the time-frequency resources of the two-step random access, and allocate enough time-frequency resources for the terminal device to transmit data related to the two-step random access. (For example, msgA), to improve the success rate of random access.
  • the network device can increase the quality threshold of the two-step random access, so that the terminal device chooses the four-step random access as much as possible, so as to prevent the terminal device from frequently falling back to the four-step random access process to a certain extent , Improve the success rate of random access of terminal equipment.
  • the network device can determine the PUSCH that the terminal device sends data in the two-step random access based on the third information, and can adjust the time-frequency resources of the PUSCH to avoid the terminal device due to insufficient PUSCH time-frequency resources as much as possible The two-step random access failed.
  • the second network device may determine the time-frequency resource of the random access preamble according to the third information, and may adjust the time-frequency resource of the random access preamble to avoid the lack of time-frequency resources for sending the random access preamble as much as possible.
  • the random access of the terminal device fails.
  • the second network device may determine the correspondence between the random access configuration information and the PUSCH according to the third information, and the correspondence may be adjusted. For example, a two-step random access preamble may correspond to more PUSCHs to avoid Due to insufficient PUSCH time-frequency resources, the two-step random access of the terminal device fails, or more two-step random access resources and corresponding PUSCHs are allocated.
  • the network device determines the two-step random access resource configuration information that caused the two-step random access fallback according to the time information indicated by the fourth information, so as to configure the resources for the two-step random access.
  • the adjustment of the information improves the success rate of the terminal equipment in the two-step random access, and to a certain extent prevents the terminal equipment from frequently falling back to the four-step random access.
  • the network device may determine the network device corresponding to the first report according to the fifth information, and forward part or all of the information of the first report to the network device. For example, the first network device determines the cell corresponding to the first report according to the fifth information, so that the network device corresponding to the first report can be determined. For example, for the second network device described in this embodiment of the application, the first network device can report The second network device forwards part or all of the information of the first report, for example, forwards one or more of the first information to the eighth information to the second network device.
  • the network equipment can determine the characteristics of the cell where the terminal device performs two-step random access, so as to optimize the configuration information of the two-step random access according to the characteristics of the cell, and improve the success rate of the terminal equipment random access .
  • the characteristics of the cell may be one or more of the network type, frequency type, and service type of the cell.
  • the parameters of the two-step random access are optimized according to the network type of the first cell, and the degree of matching between the optimized parameters and the network type of the first cell is improved, which is beneficial to improving the random access of the terminal equipment on the first cell.
  • the success rate of entry is optimized according to the service type of the first cell, and the degree of matching between the optimized parameters and the network type of the first cell is improved.
  • the optimized parameters are more suitable for the requirements of the NPN network, which is beneficial to Improve the success rate of random access for terminal equipment in the first cell.
  • the network device can adjust the two-step random access preamble or the maximum transmission times of msgA, so that the terminal device tries to send the random access preamble multiple times to initiate two-step random access, which is beneficial to improve The success rate of the terminal device performing two-step random access on the first cell.
  • the network equipment can adjust the configuration parameters of the four-step random access, for example, the maximum transmission times of the four-step random access preamble, which is beneficial to improve the terminal equipment to perform the four-step random access on the first cell.
  • the success rate of access is beneficial to improve the terminal equipment to perform the four-step random access on the first cell.
  • the terminal device actively reports information related to random access fallback on the network device. This is different from this.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication method in which the terminal device records and reports information related to random access fallback. Previously, the reporting requirements of the terminal device can also be indicated to the network device. After the network device instructs it to report the information related to the random access fallback, the terminal device only reports the information related to the random access fallback. As shown in Figure 9, the method includes the following steps:
  • the terminal device sends capability information to the network device.
  • the capability information indicates that the terminal device supports the recording of reports related to two-step random access, or the terminal device supports the recording of reports related to two-step random access fallback and four-step random access.
  • the terminal device determines that a fallback from two-step random access to four-step random access has occurred.
  • the terminal device receives the configuration information of the two-step random access or the four-step random access, and chooses to perform the two-step random access according to the measured signal quality.
  • the process of the terminal device performing the two-step random access refer to FIG. 6 and the related description of FIG. 6 above, which is not repeated here.
  • the terminal device can also fall back to four-step random access.
  • the terminal device receives a fallback indication (for example, fallback RAR) sent by the network device, and passively falls back to the four-step random access.
  • a fallback indication for example, fallback RAR
  • the terminal device determines that the two-step random access fails, and actively falls back to the four-step random access. For example, the terminal device sends the random access preamble or msgA for the maximum number of random access preamble transmission times in the two-step random access, and the terminal device determines that the two-step random access fails. Or, if the terminal device receives msgB, but the CR ID in msgB is different from the CR ID of the terminal device, it is determined that the two-step random access fails.
  • the process of the terminal device performing the four-step random access refers to FIG. 5 and the previous related description of FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device generates a first report.
  • the terminal device may receive indication information sent by the network device and used to indicate whether the terminal device records the first report.
  • the terminal device may determine whether to generate the first report according to the indication information.
  • the first report is used to record related information about the two-step random access performed by the terminal device.
  • the first report includes one or more of the first information to the eighth information described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal device sends the first indication information to the network device.
  • the first indication information indicates that the terminal device needs to send a report related to two-step random access to the network device, for example, the first report described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal device can use the RRC connection establishment complete message, the RRC connection recovery request message, the RRC connection recovery complete message, the RRC connection reconfiguration complete message, the RRC establishment complete message, the RRC recovery request message, the RRC recovery complete message, and RRC Any message of the reconfiguration complete message sends the first indication information to the network device.
  • the network device sends second indication information to the terminal device.
  • the second indication information instructs the terminal device to send a report related to two-step random access, for example, the first report described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device may send the second indication information to the terminal device with any one of the terminal device information request message, the RRC connection reconfiguration message, or the RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the terminal device sends the first report to the network device.
  • the network device receives the first report, and performs processing according to the first report.
  • step 906 and step 907 refer to the description of step 801 and step 802 respectively, which will not be repeated here.
  • step 902 can be performed first, and then step 901 and step 903 are performed. It is also possible to perform steps 902 and 903 first, and then perform step 901.
  • step 901 is optional, and step 901 can be omitted, and steps 902 to 907 are executed.
  • the terminal device may also send a report related to two-step random access to another network device.
  • the The network device can determine the first corresponding network device according to the information in the first report, and send part or all of the information of the first report to the network device corresponding to the first report, so that the network device corresponding to the first report can be based on the received information Optimize the configuration parameters of the two-step random access to avoid the terminal equipment from frequently falling back to the four-step random access, and take the success rate of the terminal equipment random access.
  • steps 902 and 903 are executed first, and then step 901 is executed.
  • the network device may instruct the terminal device to report information related to random access fallback. After receiving the instruction from the network device, the terminal device reports the information related to random access fallback. For example, the network device sends third indication information to the terminal device. The third indication information instructs the terminal device to report information related to random access fallback. After receiving the third indication information, the terminal device reports the first report to the network device.
  • the report includes the information and the specific description of each information, please refer to the preceding text, so I won’t repeat it here.
  • the terminal device in the communication system shown in Figure 2, in the scenario where the network device instructs the terminal device to add the secondary cell SN, the terminal device can initiate random access on the added secondary cell, and it may happen that the two-step random access to the four-step random access occurs. Incoming fallback. In the scenario where the network device instructs the terminal device to update the SN of the secondary cell, the terminal device can initiate random access on the updated secondary cell, and a fallback from two-step random access to four-step random access may occur.
  • the terminal equipment can report random access fallback related information to the primary cell MN, so that the network equipment of the primary cell MN (for example, the base station to which the primary cell MN belongs) can optimize the configuration parameters of random access , Improve the success rate of random access for terminal equipment on the secondary cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication method that supports the terminal device to report information related to random access fallback in the above scenario. As shown in Figure 10, the method includes the following steps:
  • the network device of the primary cell sends fourth indication information to the terminal device.
  • the fourth indication information is used to instruct the terminal device to add a secondary cell or update a secondary cell.
  • the terminal device receives the fourth indication information and initiates a process of adding a secondary cell or updating a secondary cell.
  • the terminal device determines that a fallback from two-step random access to four-step random access has occurred.
  • the terminal device initiates a two-step random access during the process of adding or updating a secondary cell. Taking adding a secondary cell as an example, the terminal device initiates random access on the secondary cell after receiving SN reconfiguration complete from the primary cell.
  • the terminal device receives the configuration information of the two-step random access or the four-step random access, and chooses to perform the two-step random access according to the measured signal quality.
  • the process of the terminal device performing the two-step random access refer to FIG. 6 and the related description of FIG. 6 above, which is not repeated here.
  • the terminal device can also fall back to four-step random access.
  • the terminal device receives a fallback indication (for example, fallback RAR) sent by the network device, and passively falls back to the four-step random access.
  • a fallback indication for example, fallback RAR
  • the terminal device determines that the two-step random access fails, and actively falls back to the four-step random access. For example, the terminal device sends the random access preamble or msgA for the maximum number of random access preamble transmission times in the two-step random access, and the terminal device determines that the two-step random access fails. Or, if the terminal device receives msgB, but the CR ID in msgB is different from the CR ID of the terminal device, it is determined that the two-step random access fails.
  • the process of the terminal device performing the four-step random access refers to FIG. 5 and the previous related description of FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device generates a first report.
  • the first report is used to record information related to random access performed by the terminal device.
  • the first report includes one or more of the first information to the eighth information described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal device sends the first report to the network device of the primary cell.
  • the network equipment of the primary cell receives the first report, and performs processing according to the first report.
  • the network equipment of the primary cell may send part or all of the information of the first report to the network equipment of the secondary cell, so that the network equipment of the secondary cell determines the random access of the terminal equipment on the secondary cell according to the received information.
  • the configuration parameters are optimized to improve the success rate of random access by the terminal equipment on the secondary cell.
  • steps 1005 and 1006 are optional steps. Steps 1005 and 1006 may not be performed.
  • the terminal device may also send the first report to the network device of the secondary cell.
  • the network device may determine the configuration parameters for the terminal device to perform random access on the secondary cell according to the information in the first report, optimize the configuration parameters, and improve the success rate of the terminal device for random access on the secondary cell.
  • FIG. 11 shows a possible schematic structural diagram of the communication device involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication device shown in FIG. 11 may be the terminal device described in the embodiment of the present application, may also be a component in the terminal device that implements the foregoing method, or may also be a chip applied to the terminal device.
  • the chip may be a System-On-a-Chip (SOC) or a baseband chip with communication function.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit 1101 and a communication unit 1102.
  • the processing unit may be one or more processors, and the communication unit may be a transceiver or a communication interface.
  • the processing unit 110 may be used to support the terminal device to perform step 902 and step 903, or step 1002 to step 1004, and/or other processes used in the technology described herein.
  • the communication unit 1102 is used to support the communication between the terminal device and other communication devices, for example, to support the terminal device to perform one or more of step 801, step 901, step 904 to step 906, step 1002 and step 1005, And/or other processes used in the techniques described herein.
  • the communication device may further include a storage unit 1103, and the storage unit 1103 is used to store the program code and/or data of the communication device.
  • the processing unit 1101 may include at least one processor, the communication unit 1102 may be a transceiver or a communication interface, and the storage unit 1103 may include a memory.
  • FIG. 13 shows a possible schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication device shown in FIG. 13 may be the first network device described in the embodiment of the present application, may also be a component in the network device that implements the foregoing method, or may also be a chip applied to the network device.
  • the chip may be a System-On-a-Chip (SOC) or a baseband chip with communication function.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit 1201 and a communication unit 1202.
  • the processing unit 1201 may be one or more processors
  • the communication unit 1202 may be a transceiver or a communication interface.
  • the processing unit 1201 is configured to support the network device to perform step 801, step 907, step 1006, and/or other processes used in the technology described herein.
  • the communication unit 1202 is used to support the communication between the network device and other communication devices, for example, to support the network device to perform step 802, step 901, step 904 to step 906, step 1001 and step 1005, and/or used as described herein Other processes of the technology.
  • the communication device may further include a storage unit 1203, and the storage unit 1203 is used to store the program code and data of the communication device.
  • the processing unit 1201 may include at least one processor, the communication unit 1202 may be a transceiver or a communication interface, and the storage unit 1203 may include at least one memory.
  • the communication unit 1202 is configured to support communication between other devices of the second network device, for example, support the second network device to receive part or all of the information of the first report sent by the first network device.
  • the processing unit 1201 is configured to support the second network device to process according to part or all of the information of the first report received, for example, to optimize the configuration parameters of random access according to part or all of the information of the first report to improve the random access of the terminal device The success rate.
  • each unit may also be referred to as a module or a component or a circuit.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions; the instructions are used to execute the method shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 or FIG. 10.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which when running on a communication device, causes the communication device to execute the method shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 or FIG. 10.
  • a wireless communication device in an embodiment of the present application includes: instructions stored in the wireless communication device; when the wireless communication device runs on the communication device shown in FIG. 7a, FIG. 7b, and FIG. 11 to FIG. The method shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 or FIG. 10.
  • the wireless communication device may be a chip.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including: a terminal device and a network device.
  • the terminal device may be the communication device shown in FIG. 7a, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12
  • the network device may be the communication device shown in FIG. 7b, FIG. 13, and FIG. 14.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) ), or various computing devices running software such as artificial intelligence processors.
  • Each computing device may include one or more cores for executing software instructions for calculation or processing.
  • the processor can be a single semiconductor chip, or it can be integrated with other circuits to form a semiconductor chip. For example, it can form an SoC (on-chip) with other circuits (such as codec circuits, hardware acceleration circuits, or various bus and interface circuits).
  • the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as field programmable gate array (FPGA) and PLD (programmable logic device) , Or a logic circuit that implements dedicated logic operations.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may include at least one of the following types: read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, random access memory , RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the memory can also be a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.) , A magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.
  • CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program codes in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.
  • At least one refers to one or more.
  • Multiple means two or more.
  • And/or describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • the following at least one item (a)” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple .
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish the same or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the quantity and order of execution, and words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the difference.
  • the disclosed database access device and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the embodiments of the database access device described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or
  • the components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be omitted or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of the database access device or unit, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate.
  • the parts displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple different places. . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the software product is stored in a storage medium. It includes several instructions to make a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法及通信装置，涉及通信领域，尽可能减少终端设备回落至四步随机接入的情况，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。包括：第一网络设备从终端设备接收第一报告，所述第一报告包括第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入；所述第一网络设备根据所述第一报告进行处理。

Description

通信方法及通信装置
本申请要求于2020年2月15日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010094371.6、申请名称为“通信方法及通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，尤其涉及通信方法及通信装置。
背景技术
在长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信或新无线(new radio，NR)通信中，终端设备可以通过随机接入过程与网络侧建立连接，与网络侧进行同步，获得小区无线网络临时标识(Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier，C-RNTI)。目前有四步(4-step)随机接入过程和两步(2-step)随机接入过程。一种可能的实现方式中，当终端设备执行两步随机接入过程失败时，可以回退到四步随机接入过程。目前网络侧无法对上述两步随机接入的配置进行优化，可能导致终端设备频繁回落至四步随机接入过程，降低了终端设备随机接入的成功率。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法及通信装置，尽可能减少终端设备回落至四步随机接入的情况，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：第一网络设备从终端设备接收第一报告，第一报告包括第一信息，第一信息指示终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从两步随机接入主动回退到四步随机接入；或者，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入回退到四步随机接入的方式；或者，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备是否从两步随机接入回退到了四步随机接入；或者，第一信息指示终端设备是否接收到回退指示。第一网络设备还可以根据第一报告进行处理。
本申请实施例中，网络侧可以根据终端设备的回退方式调整相应的配置信息，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率，尽可能避免由于网络侧配置的不合理造成的两步随机接入频繁回退。例如，当第一信息指示终端设备为主动回退，可以调整两步随机接入的配置参数，减少终端设备的回退次数。例如，增加两步随机接入过程中随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数，终端设备可以尝试多次发送msgA发起两步随机接入，增加随机接入的成功几率。或者，当第一信息指示终端设备为被动回退，网络侧可以对两步随机接入的时频资源进行调整，为终端设备分配足够的时频资源用于传输两步随机接入的相关数据(例如，msgA)，提高随机接入的成功几率。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第二信息，第二信息指示两步随机接入的质量门限。
第二信息用于网络设备确定两步随机接入的质量门限，从而可以提高两步随机接入的质量门限，使得终端设备尽可能选择四步随机接入，在一定程度上避免终端设备频繁回落四步随机接入过程，提高了终端设备随机接入的成功率。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第三信息，第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：两步随接入中为终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、随机接入配置信息和PUSCH的对应关系。
第三信息用于网络设备确定两步随机接入的配置信息，网络设备接收第一报告后可以对两步随机接入的配置信息进行优化，尽可能避免由于配置不合理导致终端设备的两步随机接入失败，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第四信息，第四信息指示终端设备回退至四步随机接入的时间信息。
第四信息用于网络设备确定导致本次两步随机接入回退的两步随机接入资源配置信息，从而对两步随机接入的资源配置信息进行调整，提高了终端设备进行两步随机接入的成功率，一定程度上避免终端设备频繁回落四步随机接入。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第五信息，第五信息指示终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
第五信息用于网络设备可以根据该第五信息确定第一报告对应的网络设备，并向该网络设备转发第一报告的部分或全部信息。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第六信息，第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、第一小区的频率类型、第一小区的服务类型、第一小区的类型；其中，第一小区为终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
第六信息用于网络设备确定终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区的特征，以便根据小区的特征优化两步随机接入的配置信息，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至第五种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，第一网络设备根据第一报告进行处理，包括：第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备将第一报告中与两步随机接入相关的信息发送给与第一报告对应的网络设备，即终端设备进行两步随机接入的网络设备，以便该网络设备对两步随机接入的配置信息进行优化，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
结合第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，第一网络设备为集中单元CU，第二网络设备为分布单元DU；或，第一网络设备、第二网络设备为不同的基站。
本申请实施例支持基站间传输两步随机接入相关的信息，还支持CU、DU间传输两步随机接入相关的信息，在上述场景中，可以对两步随机接入的配置信息进行优化，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
第二方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：终端设备确定第一信息，第一信息指示终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从两步随机接入主动回退到四步随机接入；终端设备向第一网络设备发送第一报告，第一报告包括第一信息。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第二信息，第二信息指示两步随机接入的质量门限。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第三信息，第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：两步随接入中为终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、随机接入配置信息和PUSCH的对应关系。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第四信息，第四信息指示终端设备回退至四步随机接入的时间信息。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第五信息，第五信息指示终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
结合第二方面或第二方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第六信息，第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、第一小区的频率类型、第一小区的服务类型、第一小区的类型；其中，第一小区为终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
第三方面，提供了一种第一通信装置，包括：通信单元，用于从终端设备接收第一报告，第一报告包括第一信息，第一信息指示终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从两步随机接入主动回退到四步随机接入；处理单元，用于根据第一报告进行处理。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第二信息，第二信息指示两步随机接入的质量门限。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第三信息，第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：两步随接入中为终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、随机接入配置信息和PUSCH的对应关系。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第三方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第四信息，第四信息指示终端设备回退至四步随机接入的时间信息。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第三方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第五信息，第五信息指示终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第五种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第三方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，第一报告还包括第六信息，第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、第一小区的频率类型、第一小区的服务类型、第一小区的类型；其中，第一小区为终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区。
结合第三方面或第三方面的第一至第六种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第三方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，处理单元具体用于，通过通信单元向第二通信装置发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。
结合第三方面的第七种可能的实现方式，在第三方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，第一通信装置为集中单元CU，第二通信装置为分布单元DU；或，第一通信装置、第二通信装置为不同的基站。
第四方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：处理单元，用于确定第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入；通信单元，用于向第一网络设备发送第一报告，所述第一报告包括所述第一信息。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告还包括第二信息，所述第二信息指示所述两步随机接入的质量门限。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告还包括第三信息，所述第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：所述两步随接入中为所述终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、所述两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、所述随机接入配置信息和所述PUSCH的对应关系。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第四方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告还包括第四信息，所述第四信息指示所述终端设备回退至所述四步随机接入的时间信息。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第四方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告还包括第五信息，所述第五信息指示所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
结合第四方面或第四方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中的任意一种，在第四方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告还包括第六信息，所述第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、所述第一小区的频率类型、所述第一小区的服务类型、所述第一小区的类型；其中，所述第一小区为所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
第五方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括至少一个处理器和存储器，所述至少一个处理器与所述存储器耦合；所述存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
所述至少一个处理器，用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得所述装置执行如上述第一方面以及第一方面任意一种实现方式所述的方法，或，上述第二方面以及第二方面任意一种实现方式所述的方法。
第六方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令；当计算机可读存储介质在上述第三方面以及第三方面任意一种实现方式所述的通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置执行如上述第一方面以及第一方面任意一种实现方式所述的通信方法。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令；当计算机可读存储介质在上述第四方面以及第四方面任意一种实现方式所述的通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置执行如上述第二方面以及第二方面任意一种实现方式所述的通 信方法。
第八方面，提供了一种无线通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，例如，应用于通信装置中，用于实现上述第一方面以及第一方面任意一种实现方式所述的方法，该通信装置例如可以是芯片系统。在一种可行的实现方式中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，所述存储器，用于保存实现上述第一方面所述方法的功能必要的程序指令和数据。
第九方面，提供了一种无线通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，例如，应用于通信装置中，用于实现上述第二方面以及第二方面任意一种实现方式所涉及的功能或方法，该通信装置例如可以是芯片系统。在一种可行的实现方式中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，所述存储器，用于保存实现上述第二方面所述方法的功能必要的程序指令和数据。
上述方面中的芯片系统可以是片上系统(system on chip，SOC)，也可以是基带芯片等，其中基带芯片可以包括处理器、信道编码器、数字信号处理器、调制解调器和接口模块等。
第十方面，提供了一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括上述第三方面、第三方面任意一种可能的实现方式、上述第四方面和第四方面任意一种可能的实现方式所述的通信装置；
或者，上述第五方面和第六方面所述的通信装置。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信系统还包括第二网络设备，所述第二网络设备用于接收第一报告的部分或全部信息，根据所述第一报告的部分或全部信息进行处理。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的通信系统的架构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的通信系统的另一架构图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的网络设备的结构框图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的网络设备的另一结构框图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的随机接入的流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的随机接入的另一流程图；
图7a为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的结构框图；
图7b为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的另一结构框图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的另一流程示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的另一流程示意图；
图11～图14为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的另一结构框图。
具体实施方式
图1给出了本申请提供的技术方案所适用的一种通信系统的示意图，该通信系统可以包括至少一个网络设备(示出了网络设备100)以及至少一个终端设备(图中仅示出了终端设备201和终端设备202)。图1仅为示意图，并不构成对本申请提供的技术方案的适用场景的限定。
网络设备100可以是任意一种具有无线收发功能的设备。包括但不限于：LTE中的演进型基站(E-UTRAN NodeB或e-NodeB或eNB)，5G或新无线(new radio，NR)接入技 术中的基站(gNodeB或gNB)或收发点(transmission/reception point，TRP)，3GPP后续演进的基站，WiFi系统中的接入节点，无线中继节点，无线回传节点等。基站可以是：宏基站，微基站，微微基站，小站，中继站，或，气球站等。多个基站可以支持上述提及的同一种技术的网络，也可以支持上述提及的不同技术的网络。基站可以包含一个或多个共站或非共站的TRP。网络设备还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器、集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)，和/或分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)。网络设备还可以是服务器，可穿戴设备，或车载设备等。以下以网络设备为基站为例进行说明。所述多个网络设备可以为同一类型的基站，也可以为不同类型的基站。基站可以与终端设备进行通信，也可以通过中继站与终端设备进行通信。终端设备可以与不同技术的多个基站进行通信，例如，终端设备可以与支持LTE网络的基站通信，也可以与支持5G网络的基站通信，还可以支持与LTE网络的基站以及5G网络的基站的双连接。
终端设备(例如终端设备200)是一种具有无线收发功能的设备，可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持、穿戴或车载；也可以部署在水面上(如轮船等)；还可以部署在空中(例如飞机、气球和卫星上等)。所述终端设备可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(Pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、车载终端设备、无人驾驶(self-driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、可穿戴终端设备等等。本申请的实施例对应用场景不做限定。终端有时也可以称为终端设备、用户设备(user equipment，UE)、接入终端设备、车载终端、工业控制终端、UE单元、UE站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端设备、移动设备、UE终端设备、终端设备、无线通信设备、UE代理或UE装置等。终端也可以是固定的或者移动的。本申请的终端设备还可以是作为一个或多个部件或者单元而内置于车辆的车载模块、车载模组、车载部件、车载芯片或者车载单元，车辆通过内置的所述车载模块、车载模组、车载部件、车载芯片或者车载单元可以实施本申请的方法。
网络设备与终端设备(例如，终端设备202或终端设备201)之间通过蜂窝链路进行通信，终端设备之间(例如，终端设备201和终端设备202)通过侧行链路(sidelink)进行通信。
图2示出了适用于本申请实施例的通信系统的另一示意图。如图2所示，该通信系统可以包括至少两个网络设备，例如图2中所示的网络设备101和网络设备102；该通信系统还可以包括至少一个终端设备200。该终端设备200可以通过双连接(dual connectivity，DC)技术或者多连接技术与网络设备101和网络设备102建立无线链路。其中，网络设备101例如可以为主基站，网络设备102例如可以为辅基站。此情况下，网络设备101为终端设备200初始接入时的网络设备，负责与终端设备200之间的无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)通信，网络设备102可以是RRC重配置时添加的，用于提供额外的无线资源。
此外，如图2所示，该两个网络设备之中，可以有一个网络设备，如网络设备101，负责与终端设备200交互RRC消息，并负责和核心网控制平面实体交互，那么，该网络 设备101可以称之为主节点(master node，MN)。例如，主节点可以是主演进型基站(master evolved NodeB，MeNB)或者主下一代基站节点(master next generation node base station，MgNB)，不限定于此。则另一个网络设备，如网络设备102，可以称之为辅节点(secondary node，SN)。例如，辅节点可以是辅演进型基站(secondary evolved NodeB，SeNB)或者辅下一代基站节点(secondary next generation node base station，SgNB)，不限定于此。其中，主节点中的多个服务小区可以组成主小区组(master cell group，MCG)，包括一个主小区(primary cell，PCell)和可选的一个或多个辅小区(secondary cell，SCell)。辅节点中的多个服务小区可以组成辅小区组(secondary cell group，SCG)，包括一个主辅小区(primary secondary cell，PSCell)和可选的一个或多个SCell。服务小区是指网络配置给终端进行上下行传输的小区。
当然，在图2中，也可以网络设备102为主节点，网络设备101为辅节点，本申请对此不做限定。另外，图中仅为便于理解，示出了两个网络设备与终端设备之间无线连接的情形。终端设备也可以同时与3个或3个以上的网络设备存在通信连接并可收发数据。该3个或3个以上的网络设备之中，可以有一个网络设备负责与该终端交互RRC消息，并负责和核心网控制平面实体交互，那么，该网络设备可以称之为MN，则其余的网络设备可以称之为SN。
参考图3，网络设备可以包括集中单元(centralized unit，CU)节点、分布单元(distributed unit，DU)节点。可选的，网络设备CU节点以及DU节点的RAN设备。
参考图4，CU节点可以划分为控制面(CU-CP)和用户面(CU-UP)。其中CU-CP负责控制面功能，主要包含无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)和分组数据汇聚协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)-C。PDCP-C主要负责控制面数据的加解密，完整性保护，数据传输等。CU-UP负责用户面功能，主要包含服务数据适配协议(service data adaptation protocol，SDAP)和PDCP-U。其中SDAP主要负责将核心网的数据进行处理并将flow映射到承载。PDCP-U主要负责数据面的加解密，完整性保护，头压缩，序列号维护，数据传输等。其中CU-CP和CU-UP通过E1接口连接。CU-CP代表CU通过Ng接口和核心网连接。通过F1-C(控制面)和DU连接。CU-UP通过F1-U(用户面)和DU连接。当然还有一种可能的实现是PDCP-C也在CU-UP。
首先对本申请实施例涉及的术语进行说明：
(1)随机接入
随机接入是终端设备与网络侧进行通信的前提，终端设备可以通过随机接入建立上行链路同步，获取C-RNTI，请求网络分配上行链路资源。随机接入不仅用于初始化接入，而且还可以用于切换过程中的新小区接入、无线链路失败后的接入、在有上/下行数据传输时重新恢复上行同步以及上行链路资源请求等。
终端设备完成随机接入过程后，可以获取数据承载配置信息，根据上述配置信息建立用于数据传输的承载，与网络设备进行数据通信。
根据是否基于竞争，随机接入可以分为基于竞争的随机接入(contention basedrandom access，CBRA)和基于非竞争的随机接入(bon-contention basedrandom access或contention-free basedrandom access，CFRA)。
根据随机接入过程中的步骤，随机接入又可以分为：四步随机接入(4-steprandom access  channe，4-step RACH)两步随机接入(2-step RACH)。
一些可能的实现方式中，终端设备可以根据小区信号质量确定选择4-step RACH还是2-step RACH。本申请实施例中，小区信号质量可以通过接收信号码功率(received signal code power，RSCP)、参考信号接收功率(reference signal receiving power，RSRP)、参考信号接收质量(reference signal receiving quality,RSRQ)、信噪比(signal noise ratio，SNR)、信号与干扰加噪声比(signal to interference plus noise ratio，SINR)、参考信号强度指示(reference signal strength indication，RSSI)或其它信号质量中的至少一种来表征。若通过参考信号接收功率表征小区信号质量，2-step RACH的质量门限可以是参考信号接收功率。
以RSRP为例，终端设备测量参考信号获得RSRP，2-step RACH的质量门限是RSRP值T。当终端设备测量所得的RSRP低于或等于T时，终端设备选择4-step RACH；当终端设备测量得到的RSRP高于T时，终端设备选择2-step RACH。
(2)四步随机接入过程
参考图5，以NR系统为例，四步随机接入过程包括以下流程：
S1、终端设备发送消息1(MSG 1)。
需要说明的是，消息1包括随机接入前导码(preamble)。终端设备接收网络设备发送的4-step RACH配置信息。例如，preamble配置信息、RACH时频资源配置信息、preamble最大传输次数等至少一种配置信息。其中，preamble配置信息用于终端设备确定preamble；RACH时频资源配置信息用于终端设备确定RACH时频资源，RACH时频资源用于终端设备发送preamble。
例如，终端设备在一个小区上发起基于竞争的四步随机接入，终端设备可以在该小区可用的preamble中选择一个，通过物理随机接入信道(physical random access channel,PRACH)传输preamble。或者，在非竞争的四步随机接入中，终端设备通过PRACH传输基站指定的preamble。
S2、基站收到终端设备发送的preamble之后，向终端设备发送消息2(MSG 2)。
需要说明的是，消息2可以称为随机接入响应(random access response，RAR)。
终端设备发送了preamble之后，将在RAR时间窗(RA response window)内监听物理下行控制信道(physical downlink control channel，PDCCH)，以接收对应的RAR。
一些可能的实现方式中，基站接收终端设备发送的preamble后，估计基站与终端设备之间的传输时延，根据传输时延计算上行定时提前量(timing advance，TA)，以便基站校准上行定时。基站还可以将TA发送给终端设备，以便终端设备根据TA与基站进行上行同步。
一种可能的实现方式中，RAR包括preamble标识，TA信息，初始的上行授权(uplink grant，UL grant)信息的至少一种。可选的，RAR还可以包括UE的临时标识C-RNTI。
终端设备从基站接收到RAR后，判断RAR中的preamble标识指示的preamble是否与步骤S1发送的preamble相同。如果相同，则认为RAR接收成功，否则，认为RAR接收失败，终端设备可以重新触发随机接入过程。
或者，若终端设备在此RAR时间窗内没有接收到基站回复的RAR，则认为此次随机接入过程失败。
S3、终端设备向基站发送消息3(MSG3)。
Msg3中包含终端设备的标识信息，该终端设备的标识信息可以用于S4的冲突解决。终端设备的标识信息可以是终端设备的C-RNTI信息、终端设备的恢复标识(resume ID)或者不活跃标识(inactive RNTI，I-RNTI)、系统架构演进临时移动用户识别(system architecture evolution temporary mobile subscriber identity，S-TMSI)、随机数中的任一一种。其中，所述resume ID或I-RNTI用于基站识别终端设备以及相关上下文信息等。
一些可能的实现方式中，终端设备可以根据RAR中的UL grant信息确定物理上行共享信道(physical uplink shared channel，PUSCH)，通过PUSCH发送数据。终端设备通过PUSCH发送数据可以称为发送消息3。
终端设备通过PUSCH发送的数据可以包括无线资源控制层(radio resource control,RRC)消息、终端设备的用户面数据的至少一种。
S4、基站向终端设备发送消息4(MSG4)，解决冲突。
具体地，基站接收终端设备发送的消息3，可以从中获取终端设备的标识信息。基站可以向终端设备发送消息4，指示在随机接入冲突中胜出的终端设备，其他终端设备可以重新发起随机接入。其中，消息4可以包括冲突解决标识(contention resolution identity，CR ID)。
示例的，CR ID为消息3中终端设备的标识信息的部分或全部。终端设备接收消息4后，比较CR ID与消息3中的终端设备的标识信息，若二者匹配，则冲突解决成功。若终端设备没有收到消息4，终端设备可以重新发起随机接入。或者，CR ID与消息3中的终端设备的标识信息不匹配，即终端设备在冲突解决中失败，终端设备可以重新发起随机接入。
(3)两步随机接入过程
参考图6，两步随机接入过程以下流程：
A1、终端设备发送preamble和msgA。
可选的，在一些实施例中，终端设备在A1中可以只发送msgA，例如当终端设备的TA依然有效，或者小区半径较小时，步骤A1中终端设备可以只发送msgA。终端设备通过PUSCH发送的数据可以包括无线资源控制层(radio resource contro，RRC)消息、终端设备的标识信息，用户面数据的至少一种。终端设备的标识信息参考前文的相关描述，在此不做赘述。
需要说明的是，在步骤A1之前，终端设备接收基站发送的配置信息。所述配置信息可以包括两步随机接入的配置信息和PUSCH配置信息。可选的，所述配置信息还可以包括两步随机接入配置信息和PUSCH配置信息的对应关系。其中，所述两步随机接入的配置信息包括随机接入前导码配置信息和/或时频资源配置信息的至少一种。随机接入前导码配置信息用于确定随机接入前导码，所述时频资源配置信息用于确定发送随机接入前导码的时频资源。
以两步随机接入资源配置信息包括preamble配置信息以及与preamble对应的PUSCH配置信息为例，preamble与PUSCH可以一一对应，或者，多个preamble对应一个PUSCH，或者，一个preamble对应多个PUSCH。
可选的，该配置信息可以包括两步随机接入中preamble或msg A的最大传输次数。
A2、终端设备从基站接收msgB。
具体的，msgB可以包括一个或多个RAR，RAR包括成功响应(successRAR)或回退响应(fallbackRAR)。可选的，msgB可以携带指示信息，指示msgB中的RAR是successRAR 还是fallbackRAR。
其中，SuccessRAR包括冲突解决标识。可选的，successRAR可以说明基站检测到了终端设备发送的preamble，并且成功解码了preamble对应的PUSCH上发送的数据。若冲突解决成功，则终端设备结束随机接入过程，否则，终端设备可以重新发起随机接入。
FallbackRAR可以表示基站检测到了preamble，但是没有成功解码了preamble对应的PUSCH上发送的数据，终端设备在两步随机接入中未胜出。具体地。FallbackRAR可以包括preamble标识，TA信息，初始的上行授权信息的至少一种。终端设备收到fallbackRAR后，回退到四步随机接入机制，即终端设备可以执行步骤S3。
可选的，还可以执行步骤S4。若在该步骤S4中的冲突解决失败，终端设备根据四步随机接入的配置信息发起四步随机接入，执行步骤S1。
可以理解的是，若终端设备没有收到消息B，且未达到最大的msgA的传输次数，则终端设备可以重新发起两步随机接入过程。
(4)两步随机接入的回退(fallback)机制
两步随机接入的回退包括如下两种可能的实现方式：
在一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备发起两步随机接入的次数达到门限(例如，达到了上述msgA或随机接入前导码的最大传输次数)，但是还未达到小区连接失败的最大接入次数，则终端设备可以回退至四步随机接入。本申请实施例中，这种方式可以称为主动回退。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备发起两步随机接入流程，终端设备接收到的msgB中包括fallbackRAR，则终端设备可以由两步随机接入回退至四步随机接入。本申请实施例中，这种方式可以称为被动回退。现有技术中，终端设备可以记录四步随机接入过程中的信息，生成随机接入报告(RACH report)。当终端设备接入网络后，发送RACH report给网络设备。其中，RACH report可以包括四步随机接入中preamble的最大传输次数，是否检测到冲突。可选的，RACH report中还可以包括进行四步随机接入过程的小区的载波类型，比如普通上行载波或者补充上行载波(supplementary uplink，SUL)。现有的RACH report仅支持四步随机接入过程，无法支持两步随机接入过程，以及两步随机接入过程回退至四步随机接入过程的场景。使得网络侧无法根据RACH report对随机接入的配置进行优化，可能导致终端设备频繁回落至四步随机接入过程，降低了终端设备随机接入的成功率。
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，终端设备向第一网络设备发送第一报告，所述第一报告包括第一信息。所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入。第一网络设备从所述终端设备接收第一报告，根据第一报告进行处理。本申请实施例中，网络侧可以根据终端设备的回退方式调整相应的配置信息，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率，尽可能避免由于网络侧配置的不合理造成的两步随机接入频繁回退。例如，当第一信息指示终端设备为主动回退，可以调整两步随机接入的配置参数，减少终端设备的回退次数。例如，增加两步随机接入过程中随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数，终端设备可以尝试多次发送msgA发起两步随机接入，增加随机接入的成功几率。或者，当第一信息指示终端设备为被动回退，网络侧可以对两步随机接入的时频资源进行调整，为终端设备分配足够的时频资源用于传 输两步随机接入的相关数据(例如，msgA)，提高随机接入的成功几率。
可以理解的，本申请实施例中，终端设备和/或网络设备可以执行本申请实施例中的部分或全部步骤，这些步骤或操作仅是示例，本申请实施例还可以执行其它操作或者各种操作的变形。此外，各个步骤可以按照本申请实施例呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且有可能并非要执行本申请实施例中的全部操作。
本申请实施例所述的终端设备，可以通过图7a中的通信装置710来实现。图7a所示为本申请实施例提供的通信装置710的硬件结构示意图。该通信装置710包括处理器7101、存储器7102以及至少一个通信接口(图7a中仅是示例性的以包括通信接口7103为例进行说明)。其中，处理器7101、存储器7102以及通信接口7103之间互相连接。可选的，通信装置710可以不包括存储器7102。
处理器7101可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信接口7103，使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络进行通信，如以太网，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。
存储器7102可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，也可以与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器7102用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器7101来控制执行。处理器7101用于执行存储器7102中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请下述实施例提供的意图处理方法。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器7101可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图7a中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，通信装置710可以包括多个处理器，例如图7a中的处理器7101和处理器7106。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，通信装置710还可以包括输出设备7104和输入设备7105。输出设备7104和处理器7101通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备7104可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二级管(light emitting diode，LED)显示设备，阴极射线管(cathode ray tube，CRT)显示设备，或投影仪(projector) 等。输入设备7105和处理器7101通信，可以以多种方式接收用户的输入。例如，输入设备7105可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
上述的通信装置710可以是一个通用设备或者是一个专用设备。在具体实现中，通信装置710可以是台式机、便携式电脑、网络服务器、掌上电脑(personal digital assistant，PDA)、移动手机、平板电脑、无线终端装置、嵌入式设备或有图7a中类似结构的设备。本申请实施例不限定通信装置710的类型。
需要说明的是，通信装置710可以是终端整机，也可以是实现终端上的功能部件或组件，也可以是通信芯片，例如基带芯片等。通信装置710是终端整机时，通信接口可以是射频模块。当通信装置710为通信芯片，通信接口7103可以是该芯片的输入输出接口电路，输入输出接口电路用于读入和输出基带信号。
本申请实施例所述的网络设备，可以通过图7b所示的通信装置720实现。通信装置720的结构可以参考图7b所示的结构。
通信装置包括至少一个处理器7201、至少一个存储器7202、至少一个收发器7203、至少一个网络接口7204和一个或多个天线7205。处理器7201、存储器7202、收发器7203和网络接口7204相连，例如通过总线相连。天线7205与收发器7203相连。网络接口7204用于通信装置通过通信链路与其它通信设备相连，例如通信装置通过S1接口与核心网网元相连。在本申请实施例中，所述连接可包括各类接口、传输线或总线等，本实施例对此不做限定。可选的，通信装置720可以不包括存储器7202。
本申请实施例中的处理器，例如处理器7201，可以包括如下至少一种类型：通用中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、微处理器、特定应用集成电路专用集成电路(Application-Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、微控制器(Microcontroller Unit，MCU)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)、或者用于实现逻辑运算的集成电路。例如，处理器7201可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器或多核(multi-CPU)处理器。至少一个处理器7201可以是集成在一个芯片中或位于多个不同的芯片上。
本申请实施例中的存储器，例如存储器7202，可以包括如下至少一种类型：只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(Electrically erasable programmabler-only memory，EEPROM)。在某些场景下，存储器还可以是只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。
存储器7202可以是独立存在，与处理器7201相连。可选的，存储器7202也可以和处理器7201集成在一起，例如集成在一个芯片之内。其中，存储器7202能够存储执行本申请实施例的技术方案的程序代码，并由处理器7201来控制执行，被执行的各类计算机程序代码也可被视为是处理器7201的驱动程序。例如，处理器7201用于执行存储器7202中存储的计算机程序代码，从而实现本申请实施例中的技术方案。
收发器7203可以用于支持通信装置与终端设备之间射频信号的接收或者发送，收发器7203可以与天线7205相连。具体地，一个或多个天线7205可以接收射频信号，该收发器7203可以用于从天线接收所述射频信号，并将射频信号转换为数字基带信号或数字中频信号，并将该数字基带信号或数字中频信号提供给所述处理器7201，以便处理器7201对该数字基带信号或数字中频信号做进一步的处理，例如解调处理和译码处理。此外，收发器7203可以用于从处理器7201接收经过调制的数字基带信号或数字中频信号，并将该经过调制的数字基带信号或数字中频信号转换为射频信号，并通过一个或多个天线7205发送所述射频信号。具体地，收发器7203可以选择性地对射频信号进行一级或多级下混频处理和模数转换处理以得到数字基带信号或数字中频信号，所述下混频处理和模数转换处理的先后顺序是可调整的。收发器7203可以选择性地对经过调制的数字基带信号或数字中频信号时进行一级或多级上混频处理和数模转换处理以得到射频信号，所述上混频处理和数模转换处理的先后顺序是可调整的。数字基带信号和数字中频信号可以统称为数字信号。收发器可以称为收发电路、收发单元、收发器件、发送电路、发送单元或者发送器件等等。
需要说明的是，通信装置720可以是通信装置整机，也可以是实现通信装置功能的部件或组件，也可以是通信芯片。当通信装置720为通信芯片，收发器7203可以是该芯片的接口电路，该接口电路用于读入和输出基带信号。
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，如图8所示，所述方法包括以下流程：
801、终端设备向第一网络设备发送第一报告，所述第一报告包括第一信息。
其中，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入。
或者，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入回退到四步随机接入的方式；其中，所述终端设备回退的方式可以是被动回退或主动回退。
或者，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备是否从两步随机接入回退到了四步随机接入；或者，第一信息指示终端设备是否接收到回退指示，例如，前文所述的fallback RAR，或者RAR类型指示信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备向第一网络设备发送第一消息，第一消息包括第一报告，第一报告中包括所述第一信息。其中，第一消息可以用户设备信息响应消息(UE information response)，RRC重配置响应消息或RRC连接重配置响应消息。第一报告可以为是终端设备向所述第一网络设备上报的与随机接入相关的报告，例如，RACH报告、建立失败报告、恢复失败报告、无线链路失败报告或切换成功报告。
需要说明的是，当终端设备在第一小区发起两步随机接入、回退至四步随机接入，终端设备可以生成第一报告记录终端设备在第一小区进行随机接入的情况。第一小区所属的网络设备可以称为第一报告对应的网络设备。
本申请实施例中，第一网络设备为终端设备当前驻留的小区所属的网络设备。所述第一网络设备可以与第一报告对应的网络设备是同一个网络设备，也可以与第一报告对应的网络设备是不同的网络设备。
示例的，终端设备在第一网络设备的小区发起两步随机接入、回退至四步随机接入，终端设备可以记录随机接入相关的信息生成第一报告，向第一网络设备发送第一报告，使 得第一网络设备可以根据第一报告中的信息(例如，第一信息)对终端设备的两步随机接入配置参数进行优化，尽可能避免终端设备频繁回退四步随机接入，提高随机接入成功率。
或者，终端设备可以在第二网络设备(与第一网络设备不同)的小区发起随机接入并记录随机接入的相关信息，生成第一报告。当终端设备移动至第一网络设备的小区，终端设备可以向第一网络设备发送第一报告，第一网络设备可以将第一报告的全部或部分信息发送给第二网络设备(例如，根据第一报告中的小区信息确定第一报告对应的第二网络设备)，使得第二网络设备根据第一报告中的信息(例如，第一信息)对终端设备的两步随机接入配置参数进行优化。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一信息为1比特，所述1比特为第一数值或第二数值。当所述1比特为第一数值，指示主动回退，即终端设备主动由两步随机接入回退至四步随机接入。当所述1比特为第二数值，指示被动回退，即终端设备被动由两步随机接入回退至四步随机接入。
示例的，第一数值为“0”，第二数值为“1”；或，第一数值为“1”，第二数值为“0”。
可选的，所述第一报告可以包括第二信息，所述第二信息指示所述两步随机接入的质量门限。所述第二信息用于网络设备确定为终端设备配置的两步随机接入的质量门限是否合理。
例如，终端设备测量信号质量得到测量结果，比较所述测量结果和两步随机接入的质量门限，选择进行四步随机接入还是两步随机接入。信号质量可以接收信号码功率(received signal code power，RSCP)、参考信号接收功率(reference signal receiving power，RSRP)、参考信号接收质量(reference signal receiving quality,RSRQ)、信噪比(signal noise ratio，SNR)、信号与干扰加噪声比(signal to interference plus noise ratio，SINR)、参考信号强度指示(reference signal strength indication，RSSI)或其它信号质量中的至少一种来表征，相应的，对于不同的信号质量的表征量也有对应的质量门限。
可选的，所述第一报告可以包括第三信息，第三信息用于网络设备确定终端设备从两步随机接入回退至四步随机接入时的两步随机接入资源配置信息。所述第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：所述两步随接入中为所述终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH配置信息、所述两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、所述随机接入配置信息和所述PUSCH配置信息的对应关系。所述第三信息可以是终端设备从系统消息中获取的，也可以是从专有信令中获取的。
其中，所述随机接入配置信息包括随机接入前导码配置信息和/或时频资源配置信息的至少一种。所述随机接入前导码配置信息用于确定随机接入前导码，所述时频资源配置信息用于确定发送随机接入前导码的时频资源。
可选的，所述第一报告可以包括第四信息，所述第四信息用于网络设备确定所述终端设备从两步随机接入回退至所述四步随机接入的时间信息。其中，时间信息可以指示时间点、时间长度、相对时间点或时间偏差。其中，时间点指具体一个时刻，例如，时间信息可以是发起两步随机接入的时刻，或，终端设备发送MSG 1的时刻，或，终端设备接收两步随机接入的配置信息的时刻，或，终端设备两步随机接入的时刻，或，两步随机接入失败后终端设备发起四步随机接入的时刻，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
以时间长度为例，第四信息可以为从“终端设备接收到两步随机接入的资源配置信息” 之后的时间长度。例如，该时间信息为“终端设备接收到两步随机接入的资源配置信息”的时刻到“终端设备上报所述第一报告”的时刻之间的时间长度。
或者，第四信息可以为终端设备回退到四步随机接入之后的时间长度。例如，该时间信息为“终端设备从两步随机接入回退到四步随机接入”的时刻到“终端设备上报第一报告”的时刻之间的时间长度。
可选的，所述第一报告可以包括第五信息，所述第五信息指示所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的第一小区。所述第一小区为终端设备发起两步随机接入失败并回退到四步随机接入的小区，或者，第一小区为终端设备记录的第一报告对应的小区。所述第五信息可以包括如下小区信息的至少一种：小区的小区全局标识(cell global identifier，CGI)、物理小区标识(physical cell identifier，PCI)和频点信息、小区标识(cell identifier)。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第五信息可以指示所述第一报告是否为辅节点的小区对应的报告。
作为一个示例，在图2所示场景中，终端设备可以主节点MN的小区发起随机接入(例如，两步随机接入)，在主节点的小区上进行的两步随机接入失败后，可以回退至四步随机接入。若终端设备在MN的小区随机接入成功，终端设备可以向所述MN的小区所属的主网络设备(例如，本申请实施例所述的第一网络设备)发送第一报告，指示主节点的小区上进行两步随机接入的相关信息。
此外，在添加或改变辅节点SN时，终端设备可以在新SN的小区上发起随机接入。作为一种可能的实现方式，终端设备在辅节点的小区上进行的两步随机接入失败后，可以回退至四步随机接入。终端设备可以向所述主网络设备发送第一报告，指示辅节点的小区上进行两步随机接入的相关信息。第一报告还包括第五信息。例如，第五信息可以为辅节点的小区信息或者，第五信息可以指示该第一报告是否为辅节点的小区对应的报告。
可选的，所述第一报告可以包括第六信息，所述第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、所述第一小区的频率类型、所述第一小区的服务类型、所述第一小区的类型；其中，所述第一小区为所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
其中，网络类型可以包括公网、私网(non-public network，NPN)、独立私网(standalone NPN,SNPN)、非独立私网(比如整合在公网的私网(public network integrated NPN,PNI-NPN)或封闭接入组(closed access group，CAG)；
频率类型可以包括所述第一小区的载波类型。例如，频率类型为NR UL或是补充上行载波或者是非授权频段(unlicensed band)小区；
服务类型为所述终端设备在所述第一小区上进行的服务的类型。所述服务类型可以包括移动宽带(mobility board band，MBB)、增强移动宽带(enhancedmobile broadband，eMBB)、工业物联网(industrial internet of things，IIoT)、低时延高可靠连接(ultra-reliable and low latency communications，URLLC)、物联网(machine-type communication MTC)、大规模物联网(massive machine-type communications，mMTC))、窄带物联网(narrow band IoT，NB-IoT)、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)或者其它的服务类型；
所述第一小区的类型可以包括如下类型中至少一种：非地面(non terrestrial network，NTN)小区，和地面小区，低轨(low earth orbit，LEO)卫星小区、高轨(geostationary earth  orbit,GEO)卫星小区，低轨再生小区，低轨透传小区等。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告可以包括第七信息，第七信息指示以下信息中的至少一个：两步随机接入中随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数，终端设备在两步随机接入中是否检测到了冲突，是否达到了终端设备的最大发送功率，终端设备在两步随机接入中随机接入前导码的实际传输次数。所述实际传输次数小于或等于随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数。示例的，终端设备接收到了msgB，但是msgB中的CR ID与终端设备的CR ID不同，则表明终端设备检测到了冲突。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一报告可以包括第八信息，第八信息可以指示以下信息中的至少一种：四步随机接入中随机接入前导码的最大传输次数，终端设备在四步随机接入中是否检测到了冲突，是否达到了终端设备的最大发送功率，所述终端设备在四步随机接入中随机接入前导码的实际传输次数。所述实际传输次数小于或等于随机接入前导码的最大传输次数。示例的，终端设备接收到了MSG 4，但是MSG 4中的标识与终端设备的标识不同，则表明终端设备检测到了冲突。
一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备也通过不同的消息向第一网络设备发送上述第一信息至第八信息中的一个或者多个信息。可以理解的是，终端设备通过N条消息向第一终端设备发送第一信息至第八信息中的一个或多个，所述N为小于8的正整数。示例的，一个消息可以携带两个信息，也可以携带更多的信息，在此不做限制。
可以理解的是，第一报告中可以包括上述第一信息至第八信息中的一个或者多个信息。
802、第一网络设备从所述终端设备接收第一报告，根据第一报告进行处理。
一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一网络设备接收终端设备发送的第一报告，根据所述第一报告进行相应的处理。
例如，第一网络设备从第一消息中获取第一报告，若第一网络设备为该第一报告对应的网络设备，则第一网络设备可以根据第一报告优化为终端设备配置的两步随机接入参数，以提高终端设备随机接入的成功几率。
又例如，若第一网络设备确定第二网络设备为第一报告对应的网络设备，则所述第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送所述第一报告的部分或全部信息，使得第二网络设备可以根据第一报告的部分或全部信息优化为终端设备配置的两步随机接入参数，提高随机接入的成功几率。可选的，第一网络设备还可以发送第一报告的类型信息。第一报告的类型可以为纯5G(比如NR或者gNB)，连接5G核心网的4G(比如eLTE或者ng-eNB)，纯4G(比如LTE或者eNB)。可选的，第二网络设备可以根据第一报告的类型信息确定第一报告的编码格式，从而进行对应的解码。
一种可能的实现中，第一网络设备为集中单元CU，所述第二网络设备为分布单元DU。第一网络设备通过F1接口向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。可选的，第一网络设备还可以向第二网络设备发送第一报告的类型信息。
另一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一网络设备、所述第二网络设备为不同的基站。第一网络设备可以直接或间接向第二网络设备发送上述第一报告的部分或全部信息。可选的，第一网络设备还可以向第二网络设备发送第一报告的类型信息。例如，若第一网络设备和第二网络设备间存在可以直接进行通信的接口，则第一网络设备通过基站和基站间的接口向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。所述第一网络设备和第二网络设备间的 接口可以是X2接口或Xn接口。可选的，可以通过失败指示(FAILURE INDICATION、RLF INDICATION)消息、切换报告(HANDOVER REPORT)消息向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。
若第一网络设备和第二网络设备间无法直接进行通信，则第一网络设备可以通过其他设备(例如核心网设备)向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。可选的，第一网络设备还可以向第二网络设备发送第一报告的类型信息。例如，通过基站和核心网设备间的接口向核心网设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。可选的，第一网络设备通过S1或NG接口向核心网设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息，由核心网设备向第二网络设备转发从第一网络设备接收到的信息。其中，第一网络设备可以通过S1/NG接口上的以下消息向第二网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息：上行RAN配置传输(UPLIKN RAN CONFIGURATION TRANSFER)消息、下行RAN配置传输(DOWNLIKN RAN CONFIGURATION TRANSFER)消息、基站配置传输(eNB CONFIGURATION TRANSFER)消息或核心网设备配置传输(MME CONFIGURATION TRANSFER)消息。
另一种可能的实现方式中，第一网络设备为CU，第二网络设备为基站。例如，第一基站包括CU和DU。终端设备可以向所述CU发送第一报告，CU可以向第二基站发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。
或者，第一网络设备为基站，第二网络设备为CU。例如，第二基站包括CU和DU。终端设备可以向第一基站发送第一报告，第一基站可以向所述CU发送第一报告的部分或全部信息。
以下结合具体信息介绍网络设备(例如，本申请实施例所述的第一网络设备或第二网络设备)根据第一报告可能进行的优化处理：
当第一报告包括第一信息，且第一信息指示终端设备为主动回退，网络设备可以调整两步随机接入的配置参数，减少终端设备的回退次数。例如，增加两步随机接入过程中随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数，终端设备可以尝试多次发送msgA发起两步随机接入，增加随机接入的成功几率。
或者，当第一信息指示终端设备为被动回退，网络侧可以对两步随机接入的时频资源进行调整，为终端设备分配足够的时频资源用于传输两步随机接入的相关数据(例如，msgA)，提高随机接入的成功几率。
当第一报告包括第二信息，网络设备可以提高两步随机接入的质量门限，使得终端设备尽可能选择四步随机接入，从而在一定程度上避免终端设备频繁回落四步随机接入过程，提高了终端设备随机接入的成功率。
当第一报告包括第三信息，网络设备可以根据第三信息确定两步随机接入中终端设备发送数据的PUSCH，可以调整PUSCH的时频资源，尽可能避免由于PUSCH时频资源不足导致终端设备的两步随机接入失败。
或者，第二网络设备可以根据第三信息确定随机接入前导码的时频资源，可以调整随机接入前导码的时频资源，尽可能避免由于发送随机接入前导码的时频资源不足导致而终端设备随机接入失败。
或者，第二网络设备可以根据第三信息确定所述随机接入配置信息和所述PUSCH的对应关系，可以调整该对应关系，比如一个两步随机接入前导码可以对应更多的PUSCH， 避免由于PUSCH时频资源不足导致终端设备的两步随机接入失败，或者分配更多的两步随机接入资源和对应的PUSCH。
当第一报告包括第四信息，网络设备根据第四信息指示的时间信息确定导致本次两步随机接入回退的两步随机接入资源配置信息，从而对两步随机接入的资源配置信息进行调整，提高了终端设备进行两步随机接入的成功率，一定程度上避免终端设备频繁回落四步随机接入。
当第一报告包括第五信息，网络设备可以根据该第五信息确定第一报告对应的网络设备，并向该网络设备转发第一报告的部分或全部信息。示例的，第一网络设备根据第五信息确定第一报告对应的小区，从而可以确定第一报告对应的网络设备，例如，本申请实施例所述的第二网络设备，第一网络设备可以向第二网络设备转发第一报告的部分或全部信息，例如，向第二网络设备转发第一信息至第八信息中的一个或多个。
当第一报告包括第六信息，网络设备可以确定终端设备进行两步随机接入的小区的特征，以便根据小区的特征优化两步随机接入的配置信息，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。其中，小区的特征可以是小区的网络类型、频率类型、服务类型中的一个或多个。
例如，根据第一小区的网络类型优化两步随机接入的参数，优化后的参数与所述第一小区的网络类型匹配度有所提高，有利于提高终端设备在第一小区上进行随机接入的成功率。根据第一小区的服务类型优化两步随机接入的参数，优化后的参数与所述第一小区的网络类型匹配度有所提高，例如，优化后的参数更适合NPN网络的要求，有利于提高终端设备在第一小区上进行随机接入的成功率。
当第一报告包括第七信息，网络设备可以调整两步随机接入前导码或者msgA的最大传输次数，使得终端设备尝试多次发送随机接入前导码，发起两步随机接入，有利于提高终端设备在第一小区上进行两步随机接入的成功率。
当第一报告包括第八信息，网络设备可以调整四步随机接入的配置参数，例如，四步随机接入前导码的最大传输次数，有利于提高终端设备在第一小区上进行四步随机接入的成功率。
图8所示方法中，终端设备主动上网络设备上报随机接入回退相关的信息，与此不同，本申请实施例还提供一种通信方法，终端设备记录上报随机接入回退相关的信息之前，还可以向网络设备指示终端设备的上报需求，在网络设备指示其上报随机接入回退相关的信息后，终端设备才上报随机接入回退相关的信息。如图9所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
901、终端设备向网络设备发送能力信息。
所述能力信息指示终端设备支持记录两步随机接入相关的报告，或者，终端设备支持记录两步随机接入回退四步随机接入的报告。
902、终端设备确定发生了两步随机接入至四步随机接入的回退。
一些可能的实现方式中，终端设备接收两步随机接入或四步随机接入的配置信息，根据测量所得的信号质量选择执行两步随机接入。终端设备执行两步随机接入的流程参考图6以及前文对图6的相关描述，在此不做赘述。
终端设备还可以回退至四步随机接入。一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备接收所述网络设备发送的回退指示(例如，fallback RAR)，被动回退四步随机接入。
另一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备确定两步随机接入失败，主动回退至四步随机接 入。示例的，终端设备在两步随机接入中发送随机接入前导码或者msgA的次数达到了随机接入前导码的最大传输次数，终端设备确定两步随机接入失败。或者，终端设备接收到msgB，但msgB中的CR ID与终端设备的CR ID不同，则确定两步随机接入失败。具体实现中，终端设备执行四步随机接入的流程参考图5以及前文对图5的相关描述，在此不做赘述。
903、终端设备生成第一报告。
可选的，终端设备可以接收网络设备发送的用于指示终端设备是否记录第一报告的指示信息。终端设备可以根据该指示信息确定是否生成第一报告。
所述第一报告用于记录所述终端设备进行两步随机接入的相关信息。例如，所述第一报告包括本申请实施例所述的第一信息至第八信息中的一个或多个。
904、终端设备向网络设备发送第一指示信息。
所述第一指示信息指示终端设备需要向网络设备发送与两步随机接入相关的报告，例如，本申请实施例所述的第一报告。
作为一种示例，终端设备可以通过RRC连接建立完成消息，RRC连接恢复请求消息，RRC连接恢复完成消息，RRC连接重配置完成消息，RRC建立完成消息，RRC恢复请求消息，RRC恢复完成消息，RRC重配置完成消息的任一消息向网络设备发送第一指示信息。
905、网络设备向终端设备发送第二指示信息。
所述第二指示信息指示终端设备发送与两步随机接入相关的报告，例如，本申请实施例所述的第一报告。
示例性的，网络设备可以同终端设备信息请求消息，RRC连接重配置消息，RRC重配置消息的任一消息向终端设备发送第二指示信息。
906、终端设备向网络设备发送第一报告。
907、网络设备接收所述第一报告，根据所述第一报告进行处理。
可以理解的，上述步骤中的网络设备是泛指，即每一步骤的网络设备可以相同，也可以不同。步骤906，步骤907的详细描述可以分别参考步骤801，步骤802的描述，此处不再赘述。
在此场景中，对步骤901、902、903的先后顺序不做限制，可以先执行步骤902，再执行步骤901、步骤903。也可以先执行步骤902、903，再执行步骤901。需作为一种实现方式，上述步骤901为可选的，可以忽略步骤901，执行步骤902～907。
另一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备在一个网络设备的小区上发生随机接入回退后，还可以向另一个网络设备发送与两步随机接入相关的报告，在步骤907中，该网络设备可以根据第一报告中的信息确定第一对应的网络设备，向第一报告对应的网络设备发送第一报告的部分或全部信息，以便第一报告对应的网络设备可以根据接收到的信息优化两步随机接入的配置参数，避免终端设备频繁回退至四步随机接入，以终端设备随机接入的成功率。
在此场景中，先执行步骤902、903，再执行步骤901。
需要说明的是，图9所示的流程中的步骤不是实现本申请实施例提供的通信方法的必要步骤，可以仅执行其中的某些步骤来实现所述通信方法。
一种可能的实现方式中，网络设备可以指示终端设备上报随机接入回退相关的信息，终端设备接收网络设备的指示后，上报随机接入回退相关的信息。示例的，网络设备向终端设备发送第三指示信息，第三指示信息指示终端设备上报随机接入回退相关的信息，终端设备接收第三指示信息后，向网络设备上报第一报告，第一报告包括信息以及各信息的具体描述参考前文，在此不做赘述。
在图2所示的通信系统中，在网络设备指示终端设备添加辅小区SN的场景中，终端设备可以在添加的辅小区上发起随机接入，可能发生两步随机接入至四步随机接入的回退。在网络设备指示终端设备更新辅小区SN的场景中，终端设备可以在更新后的辅小区上发起随机接入，可能发生两步随机接入至四步随机接入的回退。在上述两种场景中，终端设备可以向主小区MN上报随机接入回退相关的信息，以便主小区MN的网络设备(例如，主小区MN所属的基站)对随机接入的配置参数进行优化，提高终端设备在辅小区上进行随机接入的成功率。本申请实施例还提供一种通信方法，支持终端设备在上述场景下上报随机接入回退相关的信息。如图10所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：
1001、主小区的网络设备向终端设备发送第四指示信息。
所述第四指示信息用于指示终端设备添加辅小区或更新辅小区。
1002、终端设备接收第四指示信息，发起添加辅小区或更新辅小区的流程。
1003、终端设备确定发生了两步随机接入至四步随机接入的回退。
一些可能的实现方式中，终端设备在添加辅小区或更新辅小区的流程中发起两步随机接入。以添加辅小区为例，终端设备从主小区接收SN reconfiguration complete后在辅小区上发起随机接入。
一些可能的实现方式中，终端设备接收两步随机接入或四步随机接入的配置信息，根据测量所得的信号质量选择执行两步随机接入。终端设备执行两步随机接入的流程参考图6以及前文对图6的相关描述，在此不做赘述。
终端设备还可以回退至四步随机接入。一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备接收所述网络设备发送的回退指示(例如，fallback RAR)，被动回退四步随机接入。
另一种可能的实现方式中，终端设备确定两步随机接入失败，主动回退至四步随机接入。示例的，终端设备在两步随机接入中发送随机接入前导码或者msgA的次数达到了随机接入前导码的最大传输次数，终端设备确定两步随机接入失败。或者，终端设备接收到msgB，但msgB中的CR ID与终端设备的CR ID不同，则确定两步随机接入失败。具体实现中，终端设备执行四步随机接入的流程参考图5以及前文对图5的相关描述，在此不做赘述。
1004、终端设备生成第一报告。
所述第一报告用于记录所述终端设备进行随机接入的相关信息。例如，所述第一报告包括本申请实施例所述的第一信息至第八信息中的一个或多个。
1005、终端设备向主小区的网络设备发送第一报告。
1006、主小区的网络设备接收所述第一报告，根据所述第一报告进行处理。
例如，主小区的网络设备可以将第一报告的部分或全部信息发送给辅小区的网络设备，以便辅小区的网络设备根据接收到的信息确定所述终端设备在辅小区上进行随机接入的配置参数，优化所述配置参数，提高终端设备在辅小区上进行随机接入的成功率。
需要说明的是，步骤1005和步骤1006是可选步骤，可以不执行步骤1005和步骤1006，执行步骤1001～步骤1004之后，终端设备还可以向辅小区的网络设备发送第一报告，辅小区的网络设备可以根据第一报告的信息确定所述终端设备在辅小区上进行随机接入的配置参数，优化所述配置参数，提高终端设备在辅小区上进行随机接入的成功率。
需要说明的是，图10所示的流程中的步骤不是实现本申请实施例提供的通信方法的必要步骤，可以仅执行其中的某些步骤来实现所述通信方法。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图11示出上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置的一种可能的结构示意图。图11所示的通信装置可以是本申请实施例所述的终端设备，也可以是终端设备中实现上述方法的部件，或者，也可以是应用于终端设备中的芯片。所述芯片可以是片上系统(System-On-a-Chip，SOC)或者是具备通信功能的基带芯片等。如图11所示，通信装置包括处理单元1101以及通信单元1102。处理单元可以是一个或多个处理器，通信单元可以是收发器或者通信接口。
处理单元1101，例如可以用于支持终端设备执行步骤902和步骤903，或者步骤1002～步骤1004，和/或用于本文所描述的技术的其它过程。
通信单元1102，用于支持该终端设备与其他通信装置之间的通信，例如，支持终端设备执行步骤801，步骤901，步骤904～步骤906，步骤1002和步骤1005中的一个或者多个步骤，和/或用于本文所描述的技术的其它过程。
需要说明的是，上述方法实施例涉及的各步骤的所有相关内容均可以援引到对应功能模块的功能描述，在此不再赘述。
如图12所示，通信装置还可以包括存储单元1103，存储单元1103用于存储通信装置的程序代码和/或数据。
处理单元1101可以包括至少一个处理器，通信单元1102可以为收发器或者通信接口，存储单元1103可以包括存储器。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图13示出上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置的一种可能的结构示意图。图13所示的通信装置可以是本申请实施例所述的第一网络设备，也可以是网络设备中实现上述方法的部件，或者，也可以是应用于网络设备中的芯片。所述芯片可以是片上系统(System-On-a-Chip，SOC)或者是具备通信功能的基带芯片等。如图13所示，通信装置包括处理单元1201以及通信单元1202。处理单元1201可以是一个或多个处理器，通信单元1202可以是收发器或者通信接口。
处理单元1201，用于支持网络设备执行步骤801、步骤907、步骤1006，和/或用于本文所描述的技术的其它过程。
通信单元1202，用于支持网络设备与其他通信装置之间的通信，例如，支持网络设备执行步骤802，步骤901，步骤904～步骤906，步骤1001和步骤1005，和/或用于本文所描述的技术的其它过程。
需要说明的是，上述方法实施例涉及的各步骤的所有相关内容均可以援引到对应功能模块的功能描述，在此不再赘述。
如图14所示，通信装置还可以包括存储单元1203，存储单元1203用于存储通信装置的程序代码和数据。
处理单元1201可以包括至少一个处理器，通信单元1202可以为收发器或者通信接口， 存储单元1203可以包括至少一个存储器。
本申请实施例所述的第二网络设备的结构可以参考图13或图14。其中，通信单元1202用于支持第二网络设备其他设备之间的通信，例如，支持第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的第一报告的部分或全部信息。处理单元1201用于支持第二网络设备根据接收到的第一报告的部分或全部信息进行处理，例如，根据第一报告的部分或全部信息优化随机接入的配置参数，提高终端设备随机接入的成功率。
需要说明的是，上述各个通信装置实施例中，各个单元也可以相应的称之为模块或者部件或者电路等。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令；指令用于执行如图8或图9或图10所示的方法。
本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当其在通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置执行如图8或图9或图10所示的方法。
本申请实施例一种无线通信装置，包括：无线通信装置中存储有指令；当无线通信装置在图7a、图7b、图11至图14所示的通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置执行如图8或图9或图10所示的方法。该无线通信装置可以为芯片。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信系统，包括：终端设备以及网络设备。示例性的，终端设备可以是图7a、图11、图12所示的通信装置，网络设备可以是图7b、图13、图14所示的通信装置。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将通信装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
本申请实施例中的处理器，可以包括但不限于以下至少一种：中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)、微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、微控制器(microcontroller unit，MCU)、或人工智能处理器等各类运行软件的计算设备，每种计算设备可包括一个或多个用于执行软件指令以进行运算或处理的核。该处理器可以是个单独的半导体芯片，也可以跟其他电路一起集成为一个半导体芯片，例如，可以跟其他电路(如编解码电路、硬件加速电路或各种总线和接口电路)构成一个SoC(片上系统)，或者也可以作为一个ASIC的内置处理器集成在所述ASIC当中，该集成了处理器的ASIC可以单独封装或者也可以跟其他电路封装在一起。该处理器除了包括用于执行软件指令以进行运算或处理的核外，还可进一步包括必要的硬件加速器，如现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)、PLD(可编程逻辑器件)、或者实现专用逻辑运算的逻辑电路。
本申请实施例中的存储器，可以包括如下至少一种类型：只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmabler-only memory，EEPROM)。在某些场景下，存储器还可以是只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或 数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个。“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。另外，为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的数据库访问装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的数据库访问装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，数据库访问装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一网络设备从终端设备接收第一报告，所述第一报告包括第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入；
    所述第一网络设备根据所述第一报告进行处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第二信息，所述第二信息指示所述两步随机接入的质量门限。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第三信息，所述第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：所述两步随接入中为所述终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、所述两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、所述随机接入配置信息和所述PUSCH的对应关系。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第四信息，所述第四信息指示所述终端设备回退至所述四步随机接入的时间信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第五信息，所述第五信息指示所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第六信息，所述第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、所述第一小区的频率类型、所述第一小区的服务类型、所述第一小区的类型；
    其中，所述第一小区为所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一网络设备根据第一报告进行处理，包括：
    所述第一网络设备向第二网络设备发送所述第一报告的部分或全部信息。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一网络设备为集中单元CU，所述第二网络设备为分布单元DU；或，
    所述第一网络设备、所述第二网络设备为基站。
  9. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    生成第一信息，所述第一信息指示终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入；
    向第一网络设备发送第一报告，所述第一报告包括所述第一信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第二信息，所述第二信息指示所述两步随机接入的质量门限。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第三信息，所述第三信息包括以下信息中的至少一个：所述两步随接入中为所述终端设备配置的物理上行共享信道PUSCH的信息、所述两步随接入中的随机接入配置信息、所述随机接入配置信息和所述PUSCH的对应关系。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第四信息，所述第四信息指示所述终端设备回退至所述四步随机接入的时间信息。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第五信 息，所述第五信息指示所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
  14. 根据权利要求9-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告还包括第六信息，所述第六信息指示以下信息中的至少一项：第一小区的网络类型、所述第一小区的频率类型、所述第一小区的服务类型、所述第一小区的类型；
    其中，所述第一小区为所述终端设备进行所述两步随机接入的小区。
  15. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：通信单元和处理单元，所述通信单元和所述处理单元用于支持所述通信装置执行权利要求1-8任一项所述的通信方法。
  16. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括通信单元和处理单元，所述通信单元和所述处理单元用于支持所述通信装置执行权利要求9-14任一项所述的通信方法。
  17. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合；
    存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
    处理器，用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得所述装置执行如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的通信方法。
  18. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合；
    存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
    处理器，用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得所述装置执行如权利要求9至14中任一项所述的通信方法。
  19. 一种计算机可读存储介质，包括程序或指令，当所述程序或指令被处理器运行时，如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的通信方法被执行。
  20. 一种计算机可读存储介质，包括程序或指令，当所述程序或指令被处理器运行时，如权利要求9至14中任意一项所述的通信方法被执行。
  21. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求15所述的通信装置和如权利要求16所述的通信装置；或者，
    如权利要求17所述的通信装置和如权利要求18所述的通信装置。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的通信系统，其特征在于，还包括第二网络设备，
    所述第二网络设备用于接收第一报告的部分或全部信息，根据所述第一报告的部分或全部信息进行处理；所述第一报告包括第一信息，所述第一信息指示终端设备从两步随机接入被动回退到四步随机接入，或从所述两步随机接入主动回退到所述四步随机接入。
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