WO2021179939A1 - 电源电路及充电设备 - Google Patents

电源电路及充电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021179939A1
WO2021179939A1 PCT/CN2021/078540 CN2021078540W WO2021179939A1 WO 2021179939 A1 WO2021179939 A1 WO 2021179939A1 CN 2021078540 W CN2021078540 W CN 2021078540W WO 2021179939 A1 WO2021179939 A1 WO 2021179939A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
power conversion
conversion circuit
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/078540
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江森龙
邱治维
张加亮
田晨
张俊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority to EP21768051.1A priority Critical patent/EP4113817A4/en
Publication of WO2021179939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021179939A1/zh
Priority to US17/941,593 priority patent/US20230006461A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of charging, in particular to a power supply circuit and charging equipment.
  • the charging device needs to rectify the city power into direct current during the working process to supply the direct current power of the device to be charged.
  • charging devices are required to have different levels of voltage output capabilities.
  • the voltage output by the charging device needs to be a continuously adjustable direct current.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to improve the stability of the output electric energy of the charging device.
  • the present disclosure provides a power supply circuit including:
  • a rectifier circuit the rectifier circuit is used to convert alternating current input to the rectifier circuit into direct current
  • a primary power conversion circuit the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier circuit; the primary power conversion circuit is used for when the voltage output by the rectifier circuit exceeds a preset voltage range, Adjusting the voltage output by the rectifier circuit to be within the preset voltage range;
  • the second-level power conversion circuit is connected to the output terminal of the first-level power conversion, and is used to convert the DC voltage output by the first-level power conversion circuit into a target DC voltage, wherein the lower limit of the preset voltage range It is greater than the lowest operating voltage of the two-stage power conversion circuit.
  • a charging device includes a power inlet and a power circuit.
  • the power inlet is used to access alternating current.
  • the charging device is connected.
  • a primary power conversion circuit is provided to adjust the voltage output by the rectifier circuit to fall within the preset voltage range when the voltage output by the rectifier circuit exceeds the preset voltage range, thereby effectively reducing or The dead zone of the secondary power conversion circuit is eliminated, so that the secondary power conversion can obtain sufficient voltage supply at every moment, so that the secondary power conversion circuit can output a continuous and stable voltage to charge the electronic device.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure can also realize the miniaturization of the charging equipment.
  • the filter circuit needs an inductor with a larger inductance value and a capacitor with a larger capacitance value, so the inductance and capacitor in the filter circuit have a larger volume.
  • a power conversion circuit is used to adjust the output voltage of the rectifier circuit. Due to the circuit structure of the power conversion circuit, an inductor with a smaller inductance value and a capacitor with a smaller capacitance can be used, which is beneficial to reduce the inductance and capacitance. Volume, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of charging equipment;
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure can improve the stability of the output electric energy of the power supply circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit structure of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows the preset voltage range corresponding to the output waveform of the rectifier circuit according to an example
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply circuit when the one-stage power conversion circuit only includes a step-down unit according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a power supply circuit when the primary power conversion circuit includes a boost unit and a step-down unit according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit according to an example of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply circuit according to another example of FIG. 6;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a power supply circuit when the one-stage power conversion circuit includes a step-up unit and a step-down unit according to another embodiment.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components.
  • installed e.g., it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present disclosure, “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the present disclosure proposes a power supply circuit and a charging device.
  • the charging device may be a charging device, an adapter, etc., for powering electronic devices.
  • the electronic device here can be a smart terminal or a mobile terminal device equipped with a battery-powered system.
  • the electronic device can also include, but is not limited to, such as laptops, mobile phones, e-book readers, smart wearable devices, mobile power sources (such as power banks, travel chargers), e-cigarettes, wireless mice, wireless keyboards, wireless headphones, Bluetooth speakers, etc. Rechargeable electronic equipment with charging function.
  • the charging device includes a power inlet and a power circuit.
  • the power inlet is used to access AC power, and the charging device converts the AC power into a charging voltage and/or charging current allowed or required by the electronic device.
  • the charging device can work in a voltage following manner. That is, the adapter and the electronic device to be charged perform two-way communication.
  • the adapter adjusts its output voltage and current according to the required charging voltage and charging current feedback from the electronic device, so that the output voltage and current can be directly loaded on the battery of the electronic device , To charge the battery, the electronic device does not need to adjust the charging voltage and charging current again.
  • the normal charging mode means that the adapter outputs a relatively small current value (usually less than 2.5A) or uses a relatively small power (usually less than 15W) to charge the battery in the charging device. In the normal charging mode, it usually takes several hours to fully charge a large capacity battery (such as a 3000 mAh capacity battery).
  • Fast charging mode means that the adapter can output relatively large current (usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or even higher) or relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W) to treat the battery in the charging device Charge.
  • the charging speed of the adapter in the fast charging mode is faster, and the charging time required to fully charge the battery of the same capacity can be significantly shortened.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit structure block diagram of a power supply circuit 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the power supply circuit 1 is provided inside the charging device.
  • the power supply circuit 1 includes a rectifier circuit 11, a primary power conversion circuit 12, and a secondary power conversion circuit 13.
  • the input terminal of the rectifier circuit 11 is connected to the AC power source to rectify the AC power; the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 11; the primary power conversion circuit 12 is used when the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 exceeds When the voltage range is preset, the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 is adjusted to be within the preset voltage range; the secondary power conversion circuit 13 is connected to the output terminal of the primary power conversion, and is used to convert the DC voltage output by the primary power conversion circuit 12 The target direct current, wherein the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range is greater than the lowest operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the L and N terminals are the AC power input terminals.
  • the output terminals of the secondary power conversion circuit 13 are V+ and V-.
  • the rectifier circuit 11 may be a diode rectifier circuit 11, and a full-bridge or half-bridge rectifier circuit 11 can perform full-wave rectification on the AC power source from the L and N terminals.
  • the rectifier circuit 11 may be an uncontrollable rectifier circuit 11, a semi-controlled rectifier circuit 11, or a fully-controlled rectifier circuit 11. In the uncontrollable rectifier circuit 11, multiple uncontrollable rectifier diodes cooperate to complete the rectification.
  • the semi-controlled rectifier circuit 11 is composed of a mixture of controllable elements and diodes to complete rectification.
  • all rectifier components are controllable (MOS tube, SCR, GTR, GTO, etc.), and the average value and polarity of the DC voltage output by the fully-controlled rectifier circuit 11 can be controlled by the control component The conduction condition is adjusted.
  • a diode rectifier circuit 11 can be provided.
  • the rectifier diodes in the full-bridge and half-bridge rectifier circuits 11 are replaced by MOS tubes to reduce the loss of electric energy in the rectifier circuit 11. Next, the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 is increased.
  • the DC power formed by the AC power after being processed by the rectifier circuit 11 is roughly a continuous steamed bread wave.
  • the frequency of the steamed bread wave is roughly 100 Hz.
  • the power supply circuit 1 includes two stages of power conversion circuits: a primary power conversion circuit 12 and a secondary power conversion circuit 13 respectively.
  • the first-level power conversion circuit 12 is used to process the steamed bun wave electric energy output by the rectifier circuit 11 to process the steamed bun wave electric energy into a relatively stable DC electric energy.
  • the primary power conversion circuit 12 adjusts the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 to be within the preset voltage range.
  • the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range is greater than the lowest operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13. Therefore, through the processing of the primary power conversion circuit 12, the dead zone of the secondary power conversion circuit 13 can be eliminated, so that the normal operation of the secondary power conversion circuit 13 can be ensured.
  • the secondary power conversion circuit 13 includes a power transformer T1, an AC-DC power management chip 131, and a feedback circuit; the AC-DC power management chip 131 has a switch control terminal SW, a feedback terminal FB, and a power supply terminal Vin;
  • the first end of the primary winding of the transformer T1 is connected to the output end of the primary power conversion circuit 12, the second end of the primary winding is connected to the switch control end SW of the AC-DC power management chip 131;
  • the input end of the feedback circuit is connected to the power transformer
  • the primary winding or the secondary winding of T1 is connected, and the output terminal of the feedback circuit is connected to the feedback terminal FB of the AC-DC power management chip 131.
  • a winding can be separately drawn from the primary side of the power transformer T1 and connected to the power supply terminal Vin of the AC-DC power management chip 131 to supply power to the AC-DC power management chip 131.
  • the AC-DC power management chip 131 integrates a switch tube electrically connected to the primary winding of the power transformer T1 and a drive circuit that drives the switch tube to turn on and off.
  • the timing of the transmission of electric energy from the primary winding of the transformer T1 to the secondary winding is controlled.
  • the frequency of the switching tube is relatively high (usually above 100k), so through the fast switching of the switching tube, the voltage on the primary coil of the power transformer T1 presents a pulsed square wave.
  • the secondary winding of the power transformer T1 outputs a constant voltage, and the specific voltage value is determined by the frequency of the output signal from the SW terminal on the AC-DC power management chip 131.
  • the switch may also exist independently of the AC-DC power management chip 131.
  • the feedback circuit is used to establish feedback between the winding voltage of the transformer T1 and the AC-DC power management chip 131, so that the AC-DC power management chip 131 adjusts the switching frequency of the switching tube, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the secondary output voltage.
  • a separate winding is provided on the primary coil side of the transformer T1 as a feedback winding, the switching waveform is modulated, and the feedback is obtained by a separate winding.
  • a resistor divider is used on the secondary output side, and the voltage feedback signal is transmitted back through the comparator, the resistor R1, the resistor R2, and the optocoupler 132.
  • the secondary power conversion circuit 13 can not only adopt the above-mentioned solution with a power transformer T1.
  • Other types of DC-DC conversion circuits, such as charge pump circuits, can also be used.
  • the preset voltage range has an upper limit value V1 and a lower limit value V2.
  • the upper limit value V1 and the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range are different, and there is a relatively obvious voltage difference between the two, as long as the first power conversion circuit is located outside the preset voltage range Partially adjusted within the preset voltage range to meet the working requirements of the second power conversion circuit.
  • the upper limit value V1 and the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range are set to be the same or close to the same.
  • the preset voltage range can be regarded as a specific preset voltage V3. Therefore, the first power conversion circuit is required to adjust the wavelength band different from the preset voltage value to the preset voltage V3.
  • the setting of the preset voltage range in FIG. 4 can make the voltage output by the primary power conversion circuit 12 more stable, so that the secondary power conversion circuit 13 can obtain stable and continuous power supply.
  • the specific preset voltage V3 within the range of the optimal operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13, it is possible to make each period in the secondary power conversion circuit 13 work in an optimal state, thereby improving the secondary power supply The working efficiency and working quality of the conversion circuit 13.
  • the description of the upper limit value V1 and the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage is still used for description in conjunction with related embodiments.
  • the voltage waveform output by the rectifier circuit 11 is roughly a steamed bread wave, and the voltage amplitude varies between the highest voltage and the lowest voltage, and the lowest voltage may be close to 0V. It can be understood that when the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 is close to 0V, the primary winding of the transformer T1 cannot start to work, which makes the secondary output of the transformer T1 unstable.
  • the primary power conversion circuit 12 includes a boost unit, which is used to boost the output of the rectifier circuit 11 when the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 is less than or equal to the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range. Voltage. Wherein, the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range is greater than the lowest operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13.
  • the minimum operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13 used will be different. Those skilled in the art can know the lowest operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13 used through experience or through experiments. With reference to FIG. 2, the lowest operating voltage of the power transformer T1 and the AC-DC power management chip 131 is generally the lowest operating voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13.
  • the boost unit When the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 is lower than the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range, the boost unit will start to work to boost the part of the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 that is lower than the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range. high.
  • the boosting unit 121 may boost the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 to a specific value, or boost the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 according to a specific multiple.
  • the boosting unit includes at least one of a BOOST circuit, a BUCK/BOOST circuit, a charge pump circuit, or a CUK circuit. It is understandable that both the BUCK/BOOST circuit and the charge pump circuit can implement the boost or step-down function as required.
  • any one of BOOST circuit, BUCK/BOOST circuit, charge pump circuit or CUK circuit, or at least two cascades can be used to increase the boost amplitude.
  • the booster unit is an uncontrollable circuit.
  • the work start threshold can be adjusted.
  • the boost unit will be triggered to work.
  • the boost unit is a controllable circuit.
  • the unidirectional conduction device included in the boost unit is a MOS tube; the boost unit and the step-down unit also include a first trigger circuit for controlling the on and off of the MOS tube, so that the first trigger circuit can pass the MOS
  • the turn-on and turn-off of the tube triggers the boost unit to work or stop working.
  • the diode can be replaced with a MOS tube in the BOOST circuit, thereby making the BOOST circuit a controllable circuit.
  • the MOS tube has a small voltage drop
  • replacing the diode in the BOOST circuit with a MOS tube can also reduce the power loss of the BOOST circuit, which is beneficial to increase the output voltage of the BOOST circuit.
  • the diodes in the BUCK/BOOST circuit and the charge pump circuit can also be replaced by MOS tubes.
  • the start and stop time of the boost unit can be flexibly set according to needs, so that the boost unit can better cooperate with the rectifier circuit 11 and the secondary power conversion circuit 13 to Therefore, the voltage processed by the boosting unit can fully meet the working voltage of the secondary power conversion circuit 13.
  • a first capacitor C1 may be provided at the input end of the boosting unit 121, and the first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the input end of the primary power conversion circuit 12. , The second end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.
  • the first capacitor C1 increases the voltage at the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 through energy storage, thereby supporting the stability of the boost unit 121, and because the voltage at the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 increases,
  • the output voltage value of the output terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 is beneficial to stabilize the input voltage of the primary winding of the power transformer T1 above a fixed value and reduce the dead zone of the power transformer T1.
  • the primary power conversion circuit 12 further includes a step-down unit 122; the step-down unit 122 is used to reduce the rectifier circuit 11 when the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 is greater than or equal to the upper limit value V1 of the preset voltage range.
  • the upper limit value V1 of the preset voltage range is less than the maximum value of the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11.
  • the step-down unit When the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 is higher than the lower limit value V2 of the preset voltage range, the step-down unit will start to work to lift the part of the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 higher than the upper limit value V1 of the preset voltage range. high.
  • the voltage step-down unit 122 can reduce the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 to a specific value, or the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 can be reduced by a specific multiple.
  • the step-down unit 122 includes at least one of a BUCK circuit, a BUCK/BOOST circuit, a charge pump circuit, or a CUK circuit. Any one of BOOST circuit, BUCK/BOOST circuit, charge pump circuit or CUK circuit, or at least two cascades can be used here to increase the voltage drop amplitude.
  • the step-down unit 122 is an uncontrollable circuit. By selecting components such as resistors, capacitors, and inductances with appropriate parameters, the start-up threshold of the step-down unit can be adjusted, and the start-up threshold is set to the upper limit of the preset voltage range. When the limit value is V1, once the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 rises to the upper limit value V1 of the preset voltage range, the step-down unit will be triggered to work.
  • the step-down unit 122 is a controllable circuit.
  • the unidirectional conduction device included in the step-down unit 122 is a MOS transistor; the step-down unit 122 and the step-down unit 122 also include a second trigger circuit for controlling the turn-on and turn-off of the MOS transistor, so that the first trigger circuit
  • the MOS tube can be turned on and off to trigger the buck unit to work or stop working.
  • the diode can be replaced with a MOS tube in the BUCK circuit, thereby making the BUCK circuit a controllable circuit.
  • the MOS tube has a small voltage drop
  • replacing the diode in the BUCK circuit with a MOS tube can also reduce the power loss of the BUCK circuit.
  • MOS tubes can also be used for replacement.
  • the start and stop time of the step-down unit 122 can be flexibly set according to needs, so that the step-down unit 122 can better interact with the rectifier circuit 11 and the secondary power conversion circuit 13 Cooperate.
  • a second capacitor C2 may be provided at the input end of the step-down unit 122, and the first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the input end of the primary power conversion circuit 12. , The second end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
  • the second capacitor C2 increases the voltage at the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 through energy storage, thereby supporting the stability of the operation of the step-down unit 122, and because the voltage at the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 increases, the voltage at the input terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 increases.
  • the output voltage value of the output terminal of the primary power conversion circuit 12 is beneficial to stabilize the input voltage of the primary winding of the power transformer T1 above a fixed value and reduce the dead zone of the power transformer T1.
  • the output waveform of the rectifier circuit 11 may be correspondingly different. Therefore, in the solution of the present disclosure, only the boost unit 121 or the buck unit 122 can be selected according to the output waveform of the rectifier circuit 11. It is also possible to use the boosting unit 121 and the bucking unit 122 at the same time to adjust the output voltage value of the rectifier circuit 11 within a preset voltage range.
  • the power circuit 1 is divided into a forward circuit and a flyback circuit.
  • the power transformer T1 can be a forward transformer T1 or a flyback transformer T1.
  • the forward transformer T1 has higher requirements for voltage stability on the primary winding of the transformer T1.
  • the voltage on the primary winding of the power transformer T1 is relatively stable through the arrangement of the step-up unit and the step-down unit, which is suitable for both the forward transformer T1 and the flyback transformer T1.
  • the stability of the output voltage on the negative winding of the transformer T1 can be improved, and the power output capability can be improved, so that the power circuit 1 can be used in high-power applications.
  • the power supply circuit 1 uses both a boost unit and a step-down unit, and the step-up unit and the step-down unit are connected in parallel.
  • the boosting unit can be a circuit with only a boosting function, such as a BOOST circuit, or a BUCK/BOOST circuit, a charge pump circuit, etc. that integrates boosting and step-down functions.
  • the boost unit is a BOOST circuit
  • the step-down unit is a BUK circuit.
  • the boost unit is a BOOST circuit 1211
  • the buck unit is a BUCK/BOOST circuit 1221
  • the boost unit is a BUCK/BOOST circuit
  • the buck unit is a BUK circuit .
  • the corresponding circuit operation can be selected according to the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11. .
  • the efficiency of the BUK circuit is higher, and when the voltage of 100V is reduced by 50V, the efficiency of the BUCK/BOOST circuit is higher. Therefore, when the output voltage range of the rectifier circuit 11 is about 100V, the BUCK/BOOST circuit can be selected to work.
  • the primary power conversion circuit 12 includes at least one of a BUCK/BOOST circuit or a charge pump circuit; the BUCK/BOOST circuit includes a boost unit and a step-down unit; the charge pump circuit includes a boost unit and a step-down unit. Voltage unit; in the case where the primary power conversion circuit 12 includes a BUCK/BOOST circuit and a charge pump circuit, the BUCK/BOOST circuit and the charge pump circuit are connected in parallel.
  • the primary power conversion circuit 12 can include only the BUCK/BOOST circuit (as shown in Figure 9) or only the charge pump circuit, or both the BUCK/BOOST circuit and the charge pump circuit, and the two are connected in parallel. .
  • the first-level power conversion circuit 12 is provided to adjust the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11 to within the preset voltage range when the voltage output by the rectifier circuit 11 exceeds the preset voltage range, thereby effectively reducing or eliminating the second-level power conversion circuit.
  • the working dead zone of the power conversion circuit 13 enables the secondary power conversion to obtain sufficient voltage supply at every moment, thereby satisfying that the secondary power conversion circuit 13 can output a continuous and stable voltage to charge the electronic device.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure can also realize the miniaturization of the charging equipment.
  • the filter circuit needs to use an inductor with a larger inductance value and a capacitor with a larger capacitance value, so the volume of the inductance and capacitor in the filter circuit is larger.
  • a power conversion circuit is used to adjust the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 11. Due to the circuit structure of the power conversion circuit, an inductor with a smaller inductance value and a capacitor with a smaller capacitance can be used, which is beneficial to reduce the inductance and capacitance.
  • the volume of the charging device is conducive to reducing the volume of charging equipment;
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure can improve the stability of the output electric energy of the power supply circuit 1.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种电源电路及充电设备。电源电路包括整流电路、一级电源变换电路、二级电源变换电路。所述整流电路用于将输入至所述整流电路的交流电转化为直流电；所述一级电源变换电路的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接；所述一级电源变换电路用于在所述整流电路输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节所述整流电路输出的电压至所述预设电压范围内；二级电源变换电路与所述一级电源变换的输出端连接，用于将所述一级电源变换电路输出的直流电压转换成目标直流电，其中，所述预设电压范围的下限值大于所述二级电源变换电路的最低工作电压。本公开技术方案能够提高充电设备输出电能的稳定性。

Description

电源电路及充电设备
交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年3月12日提交的申请号为202010172167.1名称为“电源电路及充电设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及充电领域，特别涉及一种电源电路及充电设备。
背景技术
在相关技术中，充电设备在工作过程中需要将市电整流成直流电，以供给待充电设备直流电能。然而，随着充电技术的发展，需要充电设备具有不同等级的电压输出能力。例如当充电设备为一个支持PD协议的手机充电时，需要充电设备输出的电压为连续可调的直流电。在这种情况下，通常需要在充电设备内配置电能变换电路以对整流后的直流电进行进一步的电能变换，从而使充电设备具有输出电压可调的能力。
然而，由于市电经过整流后的直流电具有较大的不稳定性，波动幅度较大，从而造成电能变换电路的工作稳定性造成较大影响，不利于保证充电设备输出电能的稳定性。
在所述背景技术部分公开的上述信息仅用于加强对本公开的背景的理解，因此它可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
公开内容
本公开的一个目的在于提高充电设备输出电能的稳定性。
为解决上述技术问题，本公开采用如下技术方案：
根据本公开的一个方面，本公开提供一种电源电路，包括：
整流电路，所述整流电路用于将输入至所述整流电路的交流电转化为直流电；
一级电源变换电路，所述一级电源变换电路的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接；所述一级电源变换电路用于在所述整流电路输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节所述整流电路输出的电压至所述预设电压范围内；
二级电源变换电路，与所述一级电源变换的输出端连接，用于将所述一级电源变换电路输出的直流电压转换成目标直流电压，其中，所述预设电压范围的下限值大于所述二级电源变换电路的最低工作电压。
根据本公开的另一方面提出一种充电设备，充电设备包括电源接入口，以及电源电路， 所述电源接入口用于接入交流电，所述电源电路的二级电源变换电路的输出端供待充电设备连接。
本公开技术方案通过设置一级电源变换电路，以在所述整流电路输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节所述整流电路输出的电压至所述预设电压范围内，从而有效减小或消除二级电源变换电路的工作死区，使得二级电源变换在每个时刻都能获得足够的电压供应，进而可以满足二级电源变换电路能够输出连续稳定的电压为电子设备充电。
并且，本公开技术方案还能够实现充电设备的小型化。相较于在整流电路后设置滤波电路以平滑整流电路的输出电压，滤波电路需要用到电感值较大的电感以及容值较大的电容，因此滤波电路内电感和电容的体积较大。本公开中使用电源变换电路以对整流电路的输出电压进行调整，由于电源变换电路的电路架构，能够使用电感值较小的电感以及容值较小的电容，从而有利于减小电感、电容的体积，进而有利于减小充电设备的体积；
综上所述，本公开技术方案能够提高电源电路输出电能的稳定性。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述其示例实施例，本公开的上述和其它目标、特征及优点将变得更加显而易见。
图1是根据一实施例示出的电源电路的电路结构框图；
图2是根据一实施例示出的电源电路的电路示意图；
图3是根据一示例示出的整流电路输出波形所对应的预设电压范围；
图4是根据另一示例示出的整流电路输出波形所对应的预设电压范围；
图5是根据一实施例示出一级电源变换电路仅包含降压单元时的电源电路的电路示意图；
图6是根据一实施例示出一级电源变换电路包含升压单元和降压单元时的电源电路的电路示意图；
图7是根据图6的一示例示出的电源电路的电路示意图；
图8是根据图6的另一示例示出的电源电路的电路示意图；
图9是根据另一实施例示出一级电源变换电路包含升压单元和降压单元时的电源电路的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。附图仅为本公开的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。
此外，所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施方式的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而省略所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、组元、装置、步骤等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、方法、装置、实现、材料或者操作以避免喧宾夺主而使得本公开的各方面变得模糊。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
以下结合本说明书的附图，对本公开的较佳实施方式予以进一步地详尽阐述。
本公开提出一种电源电路与充电设备，充电设备可以是充电设备、适配器等，以用于为电子设备供电。在此电子设备可以是配置有电池供电系统的智能终端、移动终端设备。该电子设备还可以包括但不限于诸如笔记本电脑、手机、电子书阅读器、智能穿戴设备、移动电源(如充电宝、旅充)、电子烟、无线鼠标、无线键盘、无线耳机、蓝牙音箱等具有充电功能的可充电电子设备。
充电设备包括电源接入口，以及电源电路，电源接入口用于接入交流电，充电设备将交流电源转换成电子设备所允许或所需求的充电电压和/或充电电流。
充电设备可以采用电压跟随的方式工作。即适配器和待充电的电子设备进行双向通信，适配器根据电子设备反馈所需的充电电压和充电电流，从而调整自身输出的电压和电流，使得输出的电压和电流可以直接加载到电子设备的电池上，为电池充电，电子设备无需再次再调整充电电压和充电电流。
对电子设备的电池的充电模式大致有“普通充电模式”、“快速充电模式”。普通充电模式是指适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常 小于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间。快速充电模式则是指适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。相较于普通充电模式而言，适配器在快速充电模式下的充电速度更快，完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短。
请参阅图1，图1是根据一实施例示出的电源电路1的电路结构框图。在本实施例中，电源电路1设置在充电设备内部。电源电路1包括整流电路11、一级电源变换电路12、二级电源变换电路13。整流电路11的输入端供交流电源连接，以整流交流电源；一级电源变换电路12的输入端与整流电路11的输出端连接；一级电源变换电路12用于在整流电路11输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节整流电路11输出的电压至预设电压范围内；二级电源变换电路13与一级电源变换的输出端连接，用于将一级电源变换电路12输出的直流电压转换成目标直流电，其中，预设电压范围的下限值V2大于二级电源变换电路13的最低工作电压。
请参阅图2，图2是根据一实施例示出的电源电路1的电路图。图2中，L、N端为交流电源输入端。二级电源变换电路13的输出端为V+，V-。整流电路11可以为二极管整流电路11，全桥、半桥整流电路11以对自L、N端为交流电源进行全波整流。根据所选用的导通器件的不同，整流电路11可以是不可控整流电路11、半控式整流电路11、全控式整流电路11。在不可控整流电路11中完全是由多个不可控的整流二极管配合以完成整流。半控整流电路11由可控元件和二极管混合组成，以完成整流。在全控式整流电路11中，所有的整流元件都是可控的(MOS管、SCR、GTR、GTO等)，全控式整流电路11输出直流电压的平均值及极性可以通过控制元件的导通状况而得到调节。
在本实施例中，可以设置二极管整流电路11，全桥、半桥整流电路11中的整流二极管采用MOS管来替换，以减小电能在整流电路11中的损耗，在同样的输入电能的情况下，抬高整流电路11的输出电压。
交流电能在经过整流电路11的处理后所形成的直流电能大致为连续的馒头波，在一示例中，馒头波的频率大致为100HZ。电源电路1包括有两级电源变换电路：分别为一级电源变换电路12、二级电源变换电路13。一级电源变换电路12用于对整流电路11输出的馒头波电能进行处理，以将馒头波电能处理成较为电压较为稳定的直流电能。
在整流电路11输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，一级电源变换电路12调节整流电路11输出的电压至预设电压范围内。其中，预设电压范围的下限值V2大于二级电源变换电路13的最低工作电压。因此通过一级电源变换电路12的处理，能够消除二级电源变换电路13的工作死区，从而能够保证二级电源变换电路13正常工作。
为了更便于理解一级电源变换电路12与二级电源变换电路13的配合过程，在此首先对二级电源变换电路13的实施例进行说明。
请继续参阅图2。在一实施例中，二级电源变换电路13包括电源变压器T1、AC-DC电源管理芯片131、反馈电路；AC-DC电源管理芯片131具有开关控制端SW、反馈端FB，供电端Vin；电源变压器T1的初级绕组的第一端与一级电源变换电路12的输出端连接，初级绕组的第二端与AC-DC电源管理芯片131的开关控制端SW连接；反馈电路的输入端与电源变压器T1的初级绕组或次级绕组连接，反馈电路的输出端与AC-DC电源管理芯片131的反馈端FB连接。可以从电源变压器T1的初级侧单独引出一个绕组与AC-DC电源管理芯片131的供电端Vin连接，以为AC-DC电源管理芯片131供电。
在该实施例中，AC-DC电源管理芯片131内集成了与电源变压器T1初级绕组电连接的开关管以及驱动该开关管导通关断的驱动电路。通过控制该开关管的导通或关断，以控制变压器T1初级绕组向次级绕组传输电能的时机。开关管的频率较高(通常为100k以上)，因此通过开关管的快速切换，电源变压器T1初级线圈上的电压呈现为脉冲方波。电源变压器T1次级绕组输出恒定的电压，具体的电压值大小由AC-DC电源管理芯片131上的SW端输出信号的频率决定。在另一实施例中，该开关也可以独立于AC-DC电源管理芯片131而存在。
反馈电路用于在变压器T1绕组电压和AC-DC电源管理芯片131之间建立反馈，以使AC-DC电源管理芯片131调整开关管的切换频率，从而达到使得次级输出电压稳定的目的。在一实施例中，变压器T1初级线圈侧设置一单独的绕组作为反馈绕组，输出开关波形调制，由单独的一个绕组取得反馈。在另一实施例中，在次级输出侧用电阻分压，通过比较器、电阻R1、电阻R2与光耦132传回电压反馈信号。
需要说明的是，二级电源变换电路13不仅仅可以采用上述带有电源变压器T1的方案。还可以采用其他类型的DC-DC变换电路，例如电荷泵电路。
以下将结合上述实施例，对一级电源变换电路12的实施例进行说明。
请参阅图3和图4。在图3和图4中分别体现了预设电压范围的两个实施例。预设电压范围具有上限值V1和下限值V2，当上限值V1和下限值V2之间的电压差值决定了预设电压范围的大小。在图3中，预设电压范围的上限值V1、下限值V2不相同，且两者之间具有一较为明显的电压差，只要第一电源变换电路位于该预设电压范围之外的部分调整到预设电压范围之内，以满足第二电源变换电路工作需要即可。在图4中，设置预设电压范围的上限值V1、下限值V2相同或接近相同，此时可以将预设电压范围看做一特定的预设电压V3。因此需要第一电源变换电路将与预设电压值不同的波段调整至该预设电压V3。很明显，图4中预设电压范围的设置方式能够使得一级电源变换电路12输出的电压更为稳定，从而使二级电源变换电路13得到稳定连续的供电。并且通过特定的预设电压V3设定在使二级电源变换电路13最佳工作电压的范围内，能够使得二级电源变换电路13内的各个期间工作在最佳状态，从而提高使二级电源变换电路13的工作效率以及工作质量。在下述实施例中，为了便于理解，仍旧以预设电压的上限值V1、下限值V2的表述结合相关实施例进行说明。
由上述实施例中可知，整流电路11输出的电压波形大致为馒头波，电压幅值在最高电压和最低电压之间变动，其最低电压可能会将近0V。可以理解的是，整流电路11输出的电压在将近0V时，变压器T1初级绕组无法启动工作，使得变压器T1次级输出不稳定。
请继续参阅图2。在一实施例中，一级电源变换电路12包括升压单元，升压单元用于在整流电路11的输出电压小于或等于预设电压范围的下限值V2时，升高整流电路11的输出电压。其中，预设电压范围的下限值V2大于二级电源变换电路13的最低工作电压。
可以理解的是，根据所采用的二级电源变换电路13的不同，其最低工作电压会有不同。本领域技术人员通过经验或通过试验能够获知所采用的二级电源变换电路13的最低工作电压。结合图2，电源变压器T1与AC-DC电源管理芯片131的最低工作电压大体为二级电源变换电路13的最低工作电压。
当整流电路11输出的电压低于预设电压范围的下限值V2时，升压单元会开始工作，以将整流电路11输出的电压低于预设电压范围的下限值V2的部分进行抬高。
升压单元121可以将整流电路11输出的电压提升到一个特定值，也可以整流电路11输出的电压按照特定的倍数抬升。将升压单元包括BOOST电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中的至少一个。可以理解的是，BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路均是可以根据需要来实现升压或降压功能。在此可以采用BOOST电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中的任意一个，或者至少两个级联，以增大升压幅度。
在一示例中，升压单元为不可控电路，通过选择合适参数的电阻、电容、电感等元器件，能够调节工作启动阈值，工作启动阈值设定为预设电压范围的下限值V2时，一旦整流电路11的输出电压降低至预设电压范围的下限值V2，便会触发升压单元工作。
在另一示例中升压单元为可控电路。升压单元中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；升压单元与降压单元还包括用于控制MOS管导通和关断的第一触发电路，由此第一触发电路便可以通过MOS管的导通和关断，从而触发升压单元工作或停止工作。
以升压单元为BOOST电路为例，在BOOST电路中可以将二极管替换成MOS管，由此使得BOOST电路为可控电路。另一方面，由于MOS管具有较小的压降，因此将BOOST电路中的二极管替换为MOS管还可以减小BOOST电路的电能损耗，有利于提高BOOST电路输出电压。对于其他的升压单元，例如BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路中的二极管也可以采用MOS管进行替换。
当升压单元为可控电路时，可以根据需要灵活的设置升压单元的开始工作和停止工作的时间，使得升压单元能够与整流电路11、二级电源变换电路13更好的配合，以使得经过升压单元处理后的电压能够完全满足二级电源变换电路13的工作电压。
在一实施例中，为了进一步升压单元121输出的电压，可以在升压单元121的输入端设置第一电容C1，第一电容C1的第一端与一级电源变换电路12的输入端连接，第一电容C1的第二端接地。第一电容C1通过储能从而升高一级电源变换电路12输入端的电压，从而支持了升压单元121工作的稳定性，并且由于一级电源变换电路12输入端的电压升 高，从而升高了一级电源变换电路12输出端输出的电压值，有利于将电源变压器T1的初级绕组的输入电压稳定在一个定值之上，减小电源变压器T1的工作死区。
请参阅图5。进一步的，为了进一步提高电源变压器T1初级侧电压的稳定性。在一实施例中，一级电源变换电路12还包括降压单元122；降压单元122用于在整流电路11的输出电压大于或等于预设电压范围的上限值V1时，降低整流电路11的输出电压；其中，预设电压范围的上限值V1小于整流电路11输出电压的最大值。
当整流电路11输出的电压高于预设电压范围的下限值V2时，降压单元会开始工作，以将整流电路11输出的电压高于预设电压范围的上限值V1的部分进行抬高。
降压单元122可以将整流电路11输出的电压降低到一个特定值，也可以整流电路11输出的电压按照特定的倍数降低。降压单元122包括BUCK电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中的至少一个。在此可以采用BOOST电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中任意一个，或至少两个级联，以增大降压幅度。
在一示例中，降压单元122为不可控电路，通过选择合适参数的电阻、电容、电感等元器件，能够调节降压单元的工作启动阈值，工作启动阈值设定为预设电压范围的上限值V1时，一旦整流电路11的输出电压升高至预设电压范围的上限值V1，便会触发降压单元工作。
在另一示例中降压单元122为可控电路。降压单元122中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；降压单元122与降压单元122还包括用于控制MOS管导通和关断的第二触发电路，由此第一触发电路便可以通过MOS管的导通和关断，从而触发降压单元工作或停止工作。
以降压单元122为BUCK电路为例，在BUCK电路中可以将二极管替换成MOS管，由此使得BUCK电路为可控电路。另一方面，由于MOS管具有较小的压降，因此将BUCK电路中的二极管替换为MOS管还可以减小BUCK电路的电能损耗。对于其他的降压单元，例如BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路中的二极管也可以采用MOS管进行替换。
当降压单元122为可控电路时，可以根据需要灵活的设置降压单元122的开始工作和停止工作的时间，使得降压单元122能够与整流电路11、二级电源变换电路13更好的配合。
在一实施例中，为了进一步降压单元122输出的电压，可以在降压单元122的输入端设置第二电容C2，第二电容C2的第一端与一级电源变换电路12的输入端连接，第二电容C2的第二端接地。第二电容C2通过储能从而升高一级电源变换电路12输入端的电压，从而支持了降压单元122工作的稳定性，并且由于一级电源变换电路12输入端的电压升高，从而升高了一级电源变换电路12输出端输出的电压值，有利于将电源变压器T1的初级绕组的输入电压稳定在一个定值之上，减小电源变压器T1的工作死区。
可以理解的是，根据选用的整流电路11不同，整流电路11输出波形可能会有相应的不同，因此本公开方案中可以根据整流电路11输出波形选择仅使用升压单元121或降压 单元122，也可以同时使用升压单元121和降压单元122，以将整流电路11的输出电压值调整值预设电压范围内。
一般的，电源电路1分为正激式电路和反激式电路，相应的，电源变压器T1可以是正激式变压器T1或反激式变压器T1。其中，正激式变压器T1对变压器T1初级绕组上电压稳定性的要求较高。在该实施例中，通过升压单元和降压单元的设置，使得电源变压器T1初级绕组上的电压较为稳定，从而均适用于正激式变压器T1和反激式变压器T1。当电源变压器T1采用正激式变压器T1时，能够提高变压器T1负极绕组上输出电压的稳定性，并且能够提高功率输出能力，使得电源电路1能够用于大功率的应用场合。
请参阅图6，在一实施例中，电源电路1同时使用升压单元和降压单元，且升压单元、降压单元并联连接。升压单元可以是仅具有升压功能的电路，例如BOOST电路，也可以是集成了升压和降压功能的BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路等。
请参阅图7，在第一示例中，升压单元为BOOST电路，降压单元为BUK电路。请参阅图8，在第二示例中，升压单元为BOOST电路1211，降压单元为BUCK/BOOST电路1221；在第三示例中，升压单元为BUCK/BOOST电路，降压单元为BUK电路。
在第二示例、第三示例为中，由于BOOST电路和BUCK/BOOST电路、BUK电路和BUCK/BOOST电路的最优工作电压范围不同，因此可以根据整流电路11的输出电压来选择相应的电路工作。例如在将200V电压降为50V的时候，BUK电路的效率更高，当100V电压降50V的时候，BUCK/BOOST电路的效率更高。因此当整流电路11的输出电压范围在100V左右时，可以选择BUCK/BOOST电路工作。
在另一实施例中，一级电源变换电路12包括BUCK/BOOST电路，或电荷泵电路至少其中之一；BUCK/BOOST电路包括升压单元与降压单元；电荷泵电路包括升压单元与降压单元；在一级电源变换电路12包括BUCK/BOOST电路和电荷泵电路的情况下，BUCK/BOOST电路和电荷泵电路并联。
在此有三种情况，一级电源变换电路12可以仅包括BUCK/BOOST电路(如图9所示)或仅包括电荷泵电路、或同时包括BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路，且两者并联连接。
本公开技术方案通过设置一级电源变换电路12，以在整流电路11输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节整流电路11输出的电压至预设电压范围内，从而有效减小或消除二级电源变换电路13的工作死区，使得二级电源变换在每个时刻都能获得足够的电压供应，进而可以满足二级电源变换电路13能够输出连续稳定的电压为电子设备充电。
并且，本公开技术方案还能够实现充电设备的小型化。相较于在整流电路11后设置滤波电路以平滑整流电路11的输出电压，滤波电路需要用到电感值较大的电感以及容值较大的电容，因此滤波电路内电感和电容的体积较大。本公开中使用电源变换电路以对整流电路11的输出电压进行调整，由于电源变换电路的电路架构，能够使用电感值较小的电感以及容值较小的电容，从而有利于减小电感、电容的体积，进而有利于减小充电设备 的体积；
综上，本公开技术方案能够提高电源电路1输出电能的稳定性。
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本公开，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本公开能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电源电路，其特征在于，包括：
    整流电路，所述整流电路用于将输入至所述整流电路的交流电转化为直流电；
    一级电源变换电路，所述一级电源变换电路的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接；所述一级电源变换电路用于在所述整流电路输出的电压超出预设电压范围时，调节所述整流电路输出的电压至所述预设电压范围内；
    二级电源变换电路，与所述一级电源变换的输出端连接，用于将所述一级电源变换电路输出的直流电压转换成目标直流电压，其中，所述预设电压范围的下限值大于所述二级电源变换电路的最低工作电压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述电源电路还包括第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端与所述一级电源变换电路的输入端连接，所述第一电容的第二端接地，所述第一电容用于升高所述一级电源变换电路输入端的电压。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述一级电源变换电路包括升压单元，所述升压单元用于在所述整流电路的输出电压小于或等于所述预设电压范围的下限值时，升高位于预设电压范围的下限值之下的所述整流电路的输出电压。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述升压单元包括：
    BOOST电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中的至少一个。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述一级电源变换电路还包括降压单元；所述降压单元用于在所述整流电路的输出电压大于或等于所述预设电压范围的上限值时，降低位于预设电压范围的上限值之上的所述整流电路的输出电压；
    其中，所述预设电压范围的上限值小于所述整流电路输出电压的最大值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述降压单元包括BUCK电路、BUCK/BOOST电路、电荷泵电路或CUK电路中的至少一个。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述升压单元与所述降压 单元并联连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述升压单元中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；所述升压单元与所述降压单元还包括用于控制所述MOS管导通和关断的第一触发电路；
    所述降压单元中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；所述降压单元还包括用于控制所述MOS管导通和关断的第二触发电路。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述第一触发电路用于通过控制所述MOS管以控制所述升压单元开始或停止工作；
    所述第二触发电路通过控制所述MOS管以控制所述降压单元开始或停止工作。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任意一项所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述二级电源变换电路包括变压器、AC-DC电源管理芯片、反馈电路；所述AC-DC电源管理芯片具有开关控制端、反馈端；
    所述变压器的初级绕组的第一端与所述一级电源变换电路的输出端连接，所述初级绕组的第二端与所述AC-DC电源管理芯片的开关控制端连接；
    所述反馈电路的输入端与所述变压器的初级绕组或次级绕组连接，所述反馈电路的输出端与所述AC-DC电源管理芯片的反馈端连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电源电路，其特征在于，所述反馈电路用于检测所述变压器的初级绕组或次级绕组上的电压，并将检测到的电压传输至所述AC-DC电源管理芯片；所述AC-DC电源管理芯片根据所述反馈电路检测到的电压调控所述变压器的初级绕组上电压的占空比。
  12. 一种充电设备，其特征在于，包括电源接入口和电源电路，所述电源接入口用于输入交流电，所述电源电路的二级电源变换电路的输出端供待充电设备连接；所述电源电路包括：
    整流电路，所述整流电路用于将输入至所述整流电路的交流电转化为直流电；
    一级电源变换电路，所述一级电源变换电路的输入端与所述整流电路的输出端连接；所述一级电源变换电路用于在所述整流电路输出的电压超出预设电压范 围时，调节所述整流电路输出的电压至所述预设电压范围内；
    二级电源变换电路，与所述一级电源变换的输出端连接，用于将所述一级电源变换电路输出的直流电压转换成目标直流电压，其中，所述预设电压范围的下限值大于所述二级电源变换电路的最低工作电压。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述电源电路还包括第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端与所述一级电源变换电路的输入端连接，所述第一电容的第二端接地，所述第一电容用于升高所述一级电源变换电路输入端的电压。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述一级电源变换电路包括升压单元，所述升压单元用于在所述整流电路的输出电压小于或等于所述预设电压范围的下限值时，升高位于预设电压范围的下限值之下的所述整流电路的输出电压。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述一级电源变换电路还包括降压单元；所述降压单元用于在所述整流电路的输出电压大于或等于所述预设电压范围的上限值时，降低位于预设电压范围的上限值之上的所述整流电路的输出电压；
    其中，所述预设电压范围的上限值小于所述整流电路输出电压的最大值。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述升压单元与所述降压单元并联连接。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述升压单元中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；所述升压单元与所述降压单元还包括用于控制所述MOS管导通和关断的第一触发电路；
    所述降压单元中所包括的单向导通器件为MOS管；所述降压单元还包括用于控制所述MOS管导通和关断的第二触发电路。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述第一触发电路用于通过控制所述MOS管以控制所述升压单元开始或停止工作；
    所述第二触发电路通过控制所述MOS管以控制所述降压单元开始或停止工作。
  19. 根据权利要求12至18任意一项所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述二级电源变换电路包括变压器、AC-DC电源管理芯片、反馈电路；所述AC-DC电源管理芯片具有开关控制端、反馈端；
    所述变压器的初级绕组的第一端与所述一级电源变换电路的输出端连接，所述初级绕组的第二端与所述AC-DC电源管理芯片的开关控制端连接；
    所述反馈电路的输入端与所述变压器的初级绕组或次级绕组连接，所述反馈电路的输出端与所述AC-DC电源管理芯片的反馈端连接。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的充电设备，其特征在于，所述反馈电路用于检测所述变压器的初级绕组或次级绕组上的电压，并将检测到的电压传输至所述AC-DC电源管理芯片；所述AC-DC电源管理芯片根据所述反馈电路检测到的电压调控所述变压器的初级绕组上电压的占空比。
PCT/CN2021/078540 2020-03-12 2021-03-01 电源电路及充电设备 Ceased WO2021179939A1 (zh)

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