WO2021190118A1 - 一种集成电磁铁及一种磁浮列车 - Google Patents

一种集成电磁铁及一种磁浮列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021190118A1
WO2021190118A1 PCT/CN2021/073747 CN2021073747W WO2021190118A1 WO 2021190118 A1 WO2021190118 A1 WO 2021190118A1 CN 2021073747 W CN2021073747 W CN 2021073747W WO 2021190118 A1 WO2021190118 A1 WO 2021190118A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnetic poles
magnetic pole
row
poles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073747
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜付杰
韩伟涛
邓桂美
吴冬华
杨昌锋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
Priority to EP21776745.8A priority Critical patent/EP4129745A4/en
Priority to JP2022507437A priority patent/JP7286005B2/ja
Priority to US17/760,770 priority patent/US12358378B2/en
Priority to CA3150539A priority patent/CA3150539C/en
Priority to KR1020227008060A priority patent/KR102643933B1/ko
Publication of WO2021190118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021190118A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
    • B60L13/06—Means to sense or control vehicle position or attitude with respect to railway
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H7/00—Brakes with braking members co-operating with the track
    • B61H7/02—Scotch-blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes
    • B61H7/04—Scotch-blocks, skids, or like track-engaging shoes attached to railway vehicles
    • B61H7/06—Skids
    • B61H7/08—Skids electromagnetically operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D63/00—Brakes not otherwise provided for; Brakes combining more than one of the types of groups F16D49/00 - F16D61/00
    • F16D63/008—Brakes acting on a linearly moving member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
    • H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of maglev trains, in particular to an integrated electromagnet and a maglev train.
  • each car is usually equipped with two brake electromagnets and 8 brake controllers, but the probability of use of the brake system is extremely low, and it will only be activated when the train has a serious failure.
  • the brake system is not activated in the normal operation of the vehicle, it must be equipped with a complete power supply system, controller and brake electromagnet, which will lead to a serious waste of resources, including occupying a large amount of mechanical space and increasing the entire vehicle.
  • the weight increases the capacity of the required power supply system. Therefore, how to provide an integrated new electromagnet to solve the waste of brake electromagnet resources is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to solve.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated electromagnet, which can reduce the waste of braking electromagnet resources by integrating the guiding function and the braking function;
  • the integration of dynamic functions can reduce the waste of brake electromagnet resources.
  • the present invention provides an integrated electromagnet, which includes a yoke, two rows of magnetic poles located on the side surface of the yoke facing the guide plate, the two rows of the magnetic poles correspond to each other, and the magnetic cores in the magnetic poles
  • the axis is perpendicular to the side surface of the yoke facing the guide plate;
  • the magnetic pole includes a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole, and the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are alternately arranged in the same row of the magnetic pole;
  • the second magnetic poles are adjacent; the first magnetic poles in any row are connected in series with each other and connected to a unidirectional output controller, and the second magnetic poles in any row are connected in series with each other and connected to a bidirectional output controller;
  • the polarity of the magnetic poles in the same row is the same, and the polarity of the magnetic poles in one row is opposite to the polarity of the magnetic poles in the other row; the direction of the current output by the bidirectional output controller in the braking state It is opposite to the direction of the current output in the guided state.
  • the first magnetic poles and the second magnetic poles are alternately arranged one by one.
  • the number of the magnetic poles in the same row is an even number.
  • a wear plate is provided on a side surface of the magnetic pole facing the guide plate.
  • the magnetic yoke is fixedly connected with three load-bearing slats, the three load-bearing slats are parallel to each other, and the axis of the load-bearing slats is parallel to the arrangement direction of the magnetic poles in the same row.
  • a back box is provided on the side of the magnetic yoke facing away from the guide plate, and the back box is fixedly connected to the carrying slats.
  • it further includes a Y-direction connection component, and any one of the Y-direction connection components is simultaneously fixedly connected to the surface of the three load-bearing slats on the side facing away from the guide plate.
  • the magnetic pole has a rounded square shape along a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core, and the magnetic pole includes the magnetic core, a winding, an insulating layer, a short interface, and a long interface;
  • the insulating layer covers the side wall of the insulating layer, and the winding is wound around the magnetic core along a surface of the insulating layer facing away from the magnetic core; the short interface is electrically connected to one port of the winding, and The long interface is electrically connected to the other port of the winding, and both the short interface and the long interface extend along the axis of the magnetic core to one end surface of the magnetic pole.
  • the magnetic core has a chamfered square shape along a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core, and the magnetic pole further includes insulating support blocks; the insulating support blocks are located at four corners of the magnetic core, and the insulating layer covers Covering the magnetic core and the insulating support block.
  • the present invention also provides a maglev train, including the integrated electromagnet as described in any one of the above.
  • the integrated electromagnet provided by the present invention includes a magnetic yoke and two rows of magnetic poles on the side surface of the magnetic yoke facing the guide plate.
  • the two rows of magnetic poles correspond to each other one by one.
  • Side surface; magnetic poles include first magnetic poles and second magnetic poles, the first magnetic poles and second magnetic poles are alternately arranged in the same row of magnetic poles; the first magnetic pole in any row of magnetic poles is adjacent to the second magnetic pole in the other row; any row
  • the first magnetic poles are connected in series and connected to a unidirectional output controller, and the second magnetic poles of any row are connected in series and connected to a bidirectional output controller; in the oriented state, the polarity of the same row of magnetic poles is the same, and the polarity of a row of magnetic poles is the same as The polarity of the other row of magnetic poles is opposite; the direction of the current output by the bidirectional output controller in the braking state is opposite to the direction of the current output in the steering
  • the adjacent magnetic poles of different rows can generate magnetic fields due to the difference in polarity, which generates a guiding force perpendicular to the train's forward direction between the guide plate and the guide plate for guiding; when braking is required, The bidirectional output controller will output a reverse current, and the polarity of the second magnetic pole will be reversed at this time. Since the first magnetic pole in any row is adjacent to the second magnetic pole in the other row, and the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole in the same row are alternately arranged, at this time, the N/S alternately arranged magnetic poles will be formed along the train's forward direction.
  • a magnetic field is generated to form a braking force for braking; and during braking, the polarities of adjacent magnetic poles between different rows will become the same so that no interference will occur. Integrating the braking function and the guiding function into the same integrated electromagnet can greatly reduce the waste of braking electromagnet resources.
  • the present invention also provides a maglev train, which also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the power supply circuit in the guided state
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of the power supply circuit in the braking state
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of the magnetic circuit path in the guided state
  • Figure 6 is a magnetic circuit path diagram in the braking state
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of the unidirectional output controller
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of the bidirectional output controller
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific integrated electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific magnetic pole structure provided by an embodiment of the invention.
  • Magnetic yoke 2. The first magnetic pole, 3. The second magnetic pole, 4. One-way output controller, 5. Two-way output controller, 6. Wear plate, 7. Carrying slat, 8. Back box , 9. Y-direction connection assembly, 10. Gap sensor, 11. Guide plate, 21. Magnetic core, 22. Insulation layer, 23. Winding, 24. Short interface, 25. Long interface, 26. Insulation support block.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide an integrated electromagnet.
  • each car is usually equipped with two brake electromagnets and 8 brake controllers, but the probability of use of the brake system is extremely low, and it will only be activated when the train has a serious failure.
  • the brake system is not activated in the normal operation of the vehicle, it must be equipped with a complete power supply system, controller and brake electromagnet, which will lead to a serious waste of resources, including occupying a large amount of mechanical space and increasing the entire vehicle.
  • the weight increases the capacity of the required power supply system.
  • the integrated electromagnet provided by the present invention includes a magnetic yoke and two rows of magnetic poles on the side surface of the magnetic yoke facing the guide plate.
  • the two rows of magnetic poles correspond to each other.
  • One side surface; the magnetic pole includes a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole, the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are alternately arranged in the same row of magnetic poles; the first magnetic pole in any row of magnetic poles is adjacent to the second magnetic pole in the other row; either
  • the first magnetic poles of a row are connected in series with a unidirectional output controller, and the second magnetic poles of any row are connected in series with a bidirectional output controller; in the oriented state, the polarity of the same row of magnetic poles is the same, and the polarity of a row of magnetic poles is the same
  • the polarity of the other row of magnetic poles is opposite; the direction of the current output by the bidirectional output controller in the braking state is opposite to the direction of the current output in the steering state
  • the adjacent magnetic poles of different rows can generate magnetic fields due to the difference in polarity, which generates a guiding force perpendicular to the train's forward direction between the guide plate and the guide plate for guiding; when braking is required, The bidirectional output controller will output a reverse current, and the polarity of the second magnetic pole will be reversed at this time. Since the first magnetic pole in any row is adjacent to the second magnetic pole in the other row, and the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole in the same row are alternately arranged, at this time, the N/S alternately arranged magnetic poles will be formed along the train's forward direction.
  • a magnetic field is generated to form a braking force for braking; and during braking, the polarities of adjacent magnetic poles between different rows will become the same so that no interference will occur. Integrating the braking function and the guiding function into the same integrated electromagnet can greatly reduce the waste of braking electromagnet resources.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a power supply circuit diagram in a guided state
  • Fig. 5 is the magnetic circuit path diagram in the oriented state
  • Fig. 6 is the magnetic circuit path diagram in the braking state
  • Fig. 7 is the power supply schematic diagram of the unidirectional output controller
  • Fig. 8 is the bidirectional output control The schematic diagram of the power supply of the device.
  • the integrated electromagnet includes a magnetic yoke 1, two rows of magnetic poles located on the side surface of the magnetic yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11, and the two rows of magnetic poles correspond one to one, so
  • the axis of the magnetic core 21 in the magnetic poles is perpendicular to the surface of the yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11;
  • the magnetic poles include a first magnetic pole 2 and a second magnetic pole 3, and the first magnetic poles in the same row
  • the magnetic poles 2 and the second magnetic poles 3 are alternately arranged; the first magnetic pole 2 in any row of the magnetic poles is adjacent to the second magnetic pole 3 in the other row; the first magnetic poles 2 in any row are connected in series with each other And connected to a unidirectional output controller 4, any row of the second magnetic poles 3 are connected in series with each other and connected to a bidirectional output controller 5; in the oriented state, the polarity of the same row of the magnetic poles is the same, and one row of the magnetic poles
  • the above-mentioned yoke 1 specifically needs to be made of a magnetically permeable material, so that the yoke 1 can be magnetically permeable to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the yoke 1 is usually made of magnetically conductive structural steel.
  • the specific material of the yoke 1 is not specifically limited, as long as it has good magnetic permeability and its mechanical strength can meet the requirements, depending on the specific situation.
  • the above-mentioned magnetic pole is located on the surface of the yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11, and the magnetic attraction force generated between the above-mentioned magnetic pole and the guide plate 11 is specifically transmitted to the yoke 1 first, and then to other components through the yoke 1.
  • the yoke 1 is usually required to have a certain structural strength.
  • the specific structure of the magnetic pole will be described in detail in the following embodiments of the invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • the magnetic poles are specifically distributed in two rows, and the two rows of magnetic poles are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of magnetic poles in the two rows is equal, and any magnetic pole in one row will be adjacent to a magnetic pole in the other row.
  • the axis of the magnetic core 21 in the magnetic pole is perpendicular to the side surface of the yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11, which makes the magnetic pole generate a magnetic field directed from the yoke 1 to the guide plate 11 during operation.
  • the above-mentioned magnetic field includes a first magnetic pole 2 and a second magnetic pole 3.
  • the structure of the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 is generally the same, and the difference is mainly The reason is that the controllers connected to the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 are of different types.
  • the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 are alternately arranged in the same row of magnetic poles, and the first magnetic pole 2 in any row of magnetic poles between different rows of magnetic poles is adjacent to the second magnetic pole 3 of the other row of magnetic poles.
  • the first magnetic pole 2 will be connected in series with a one-way output controller 4, and the one-way output controller 4 will only output current in one direction, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first magnetic pole 2 The polarity will not change.
  • the second magnetic pole 3 will also be connected in series with a bidirectional output controller 5, which will output current from two directions, that is, the pole of the second electrode in the embodiment of the present invention. Sex will change.
  • the integrated electromagnet will be connected to four controllers, which are two one-way output controllers 4 and two two-way output controllers 5 respectively.
  • the integrated electromagnet has a guiding state and a braking state during operation.
  • the polarity of the same row of magnetic poles will be set to be the same, and the poles of a row of magnetic poles The polarity will be opposite to the polarity of the other row of magnetic poles, so that a magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the integrated electromagnet is generated between the two rows of magnetic poles, that is, a magnetic field perpendicular to the moving direction of the integrated electromagnet is generated.
  • One magnetic pole, the air gap between the magnetic pole and the guide plate 11, the guide plate 11, the air gap between the guide plate 11 and the magnetic pole, the adjacent magnetic poles in the other row, and the yoke 1 returns to the initial magnetic pole, thus forming Magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic circuit generated between the different rows of magnetic poles will generate a magnetic attraction force between the guide plate 11, and the magnitude of the magnetic attraction force can be changed by controlling the magnetic field, thereby realizing the guiding function.
  • the direction of the current output by the bidirectional output controller 5 in the braking state needs to be opposite to the direction of the current output in the steering state.
  • the bidirectional output controller 5 will output a reverse current compared to the guided state, and the polarity of the second magnetic pole 3 will also be reversed at this time.
  • the magnetic field will be emitted from one magnetic pole, passing through the air gap between the magnetic pole and the guide plate 11, the guide plate 11, the air gap between the guide plate 11 and the same row of adjacent magnetic poles, and the adjacent magnetic poles ,
  • the yoke 1 returns to the original magnetic pole, thus forming a magnetic circuit.
  • the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 are alternately arranged one by one, so that they can be formed between the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 in the braking state
  • the more dense magnetic field, and the magnetic field formed between the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 will generate a braking force between the guide plate 11, so that the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole are placed in the same row of magnetic poles.
  • One by one alternate setting can produce stronger braking force.
  • the number of magnetic poles in the same row of magnetic poles is usually an even number.
  • the number of first magnetic poles 2 and the number of second magnetic poles 3 in the same row are usually equal.
  • the number of magnetic poles in each row can be eight, a total of sixteen magnetic poles are provided, or other numbers of magnetic poles, and the specific number of magnetic poles is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • An integrated electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a magnetic yoke 1 and two rows of magnetic poles on the side surface of the magnetic yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11.
  • the magnetic yoke 1 faces the side surface of the guide plate 11;
  • the magnetic poles include a first magnetic pole 2 and a second magnetic pole 3, and the first magnetic pole 2 and the second magnetic pole 3 are alternately arranged in the same row of magnetic poles;
  • the second magnetic pole 3 in the other row is adjacent;
  • the first magnetic pole 2 of any row is connected in series with a unidirectional output controller 4, and the second magnetic pole 3 in any row is connected in series with a bidirectional output controller 5;
  • the polarity of the same row of magnetic poles in the state is the same, and the polarity of one row of magnetic poles is opposite to the polarity of the other row of magnetic poles; the direction of the current output by the bidirectional output controller 5 in the braking state and the direction of the current output in the steering state on the contrary.
  • the adjacent magnetic poles of different rows can generate magnetic fields due to the difference in polarity, so as to generate a guiding force perpendicular to the train's forward direction between them and the guide plate 11 for guiding; when braking is required , The bidirectional output controller 5 will output a reverse current, and the polarity of the second magnetic pole 3 will be reversed at this time.
  • N/S alternation will be formed along the train's forward direction.
  • the arranged magnetic poles thus generate a magnetic field to form a braking force for braking; and during braking, the polarities of adjacent magnetic poles between different rows will become the same so that no interference will occur. Integrating the braking function and the guiding function into the same integrated electromagnet can greatly reduce the waste of braking electromagnet resources.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific integrated electromagnet provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further introduce the specific structure of the integrated electromagnet on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention.
  • the rest of the content has been described in detail in the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • a wear plate 6 is provided on the surface of the magnetic pole facing the guide plate 11.
  • the above-mentioned wear plate 6 is usually riveted to the side surface of the magnetic poles facing the guide plate 11 by rivets.
  • the material of the wear plate 6 is usually tin bronze, which protects the magnetic poles and avoids mechanical contact between the electromagnet and the guide plate 11 under special circumstances. Damaged magnetic poles.
  • the thickness of the aforementioned wear plate 6 is usually not more than 6 mm. It should be noted that other materials can also be selected for the material of the wear plate 6 as long as it can protect the magnetic poles from mechanical collision damage.
  • the aforementioned wear plate 6 usually needs to be made of non-magnetic material to prevent the magnetic field generated by the magnetic poles from not passing through the air gap and not acting on the guide plate 11.
  • the above-mentioned magnetic poles are divided into two rows.
  • the corresponding above-mentioned wear plate 6 can be provided with two rows of magnetic poles facing the side surface of the guide plate 11 as a whole.
  • the wear plate 6 can also be divided into two pieces.
  • the magnetic poles are directed toward the side surface of the guide plate 11.
  • the above-mentioned wear plate 6 can also be selected in other shapes, and the specific shape of the wear plate 6 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic yoke 1 is fixedly connected with three load-bearing slats 7, the three load-bearing slats 7 are parallel to each other, and the axis of the load-bearing slats 7 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the magnetic poles in the same row .
  • the above-mentioned bearing slats 7 are divided into upper bearing slats, middle bearing slats and lower bearing slats.
  • the upper bearing slats and the lower bearing slats are usually arranged on the upper and lower sides of the yoke 1, and the middle
  • the load-bearing slats are usually arranged along the axis of the yoke 1 on the side of the yoke 1 facing away from the guide plate 11.
  • the three load-bearing slats 7 are fixedly connected to the yoke 1 and are usually fixed to the yoke 1 by bolts.
  • the above-mentioned bearing slats 7 mainly play a bearing role in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic force between the magnetic poles and the guide plate 11 will be transferred to the bearing slats 7 via the yoke 1.
  • the load-bearing slats 7 only play the role of force transmission, support and installation.
  • the load-bearing slats 7 are compatible with the arm structure of the existing maglev train, and the magnetic poles can be moved by the load-bearing slats 7 The force generated is transmitted to the train.
  • the integrated electromagnet further includes a Y-direction connecting component 9. Any one of the Y-direction connecting components 9 is simultaneously fixed to the surface of the three bearing strips 7 facing away from the guide plate 11. connect.
  • an integrated electromagnet is provided with two Y-direction connection components 9 which are respectively located at two ends of the integrated electromagnet.
  • any Y-direction connecting component 9 is spanned by three load-bearing slats 7 and is fixedly connected to the surface of the three load-bearing slats 7 facing away from the guide plate 11 at the same time.
  • the integrated electromagnet is specifically connected to the train through the Y-direction connecting assembly 9, and the force generated between the magnetic pole and the guide plate 11 is transmitted to the train through the Y-direction connecting assembly 9.
  • a back box 8 is provided on the side of the magnetic yoke 1 facing away from the guide plate 11, and the back box 8 is fixedly connected to the carrying slats 7.
  • the back box 8 is arranged on the side of the yoke 1 facing away from the guide plate 11, and is mainly used to accommodate components such as wires connected to the electromagnet.
  • the aforementioned back box 8 usually includes an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, a middle cover plate and a rear cover plate.
  • the upper cover plate is usually fixedly connected to the upper load-bearing slats by bolts
  • the middle cover plate is usually fixedly connected to the middle load-bearing slats by bolts
  • the lower cover plate is usually fixedly connected to the middle load-bearing slats by bolts
  • the rear cover plate is usually
  • the back box 8 is formed by riveting with the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the middle cover plate at the same time by rivets.
  • the above-mentioned back box 8 can increase the strength of the integrated electromagnet on the one hand, and avoid the large deformation of the integrated electromagnet under the action of the guiding force and braking force; on the other hand, it serves as the installation carrier of the magnetic pole connection cable to protect the cable from damage and the power supply line.
  • the cable connector (not shown in the figure) is usually fixed to the upper cover and the lower cover of the back box 8.
  • the material of the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate, the middle cover plate and the rear cover plate is usually aluminum alloy.
  • the material of the back box 8 is usually not specifically limited, and it depends on the specific situation.
  • the material used for the back box 8 is a material that is low in weight, high in strength, and non-magnetic.
  • the integrated electromagnet is usually provided with a total of four gap sensors 10 between the load-bearing slats 7.
  • the gap sensor 10 is usually fixed between adjacent load-bearing slats 7 by bolts, and is fixed to the load-bearing slats 7. connect.
  • the gap sensor 10 is mainly used to detect the gap between the integrated electromagnet and the guide plate 11, as a feedback of the closed-loop control system.
  • the detection surface of the gap sensor 10 generally needs to be 4 mm to 6 mm lower than the surface of the wear plate 6 to avoid damage to the gap sensor 10 when the integrated electromagnet is in contact with the guide plate 11.
  • the integrated electromagnet provided by the embodiment of the present invention can avoid damage to the magnetic poles due to the mechanical contact between the electromagnet and the guide plate 11 under special circumstances by providing the wear plate 6; on the one hand, the integrated electromagnet can be added Strength, to avoid large deformation of the integrated electromagnet under the action of guiding force and braking force; on the one hand, it serves as the installation carrier of the magnetic pole connection cable to protect the cable from damage.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific magnetic pole structure provided by an embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further introduce the specific structure of the magnetic poles in the integrated electromagnet on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention.
  • the rest of the content has been described in detail in the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • the magnetic pole is a rounded square along a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core 21, and the magnetic pole includes the magnetic core 21, the winding 23, the insulating layer 22, and the short interface 24. And a long interface 25; the insulating layer 22 covers the side wall of the insulating layer 22, and the winding 23 is wound around the magnetic core 21 along the surface of the insulating layer 22 facing away from the magnetic core 21; The interface 24 is electrically connected to one port of the winding 23, and the long interface 25 is electrically connected to the other port of the winding 23. Both the short interface 24 and the long interface 25 extend along the axis of the magnetic core 21 to the magnetic pole. One end face.
  • the axis of the magnetic core 21 is perpendicular to the surface of the yoke 1 facing the guide plate 11, and the winding 23 is specifically wound around the axis of the magnetic core 21 on the surface of the magnetic core 21.
  • the magnetic pole is a square with rounded corners along the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core 21, and the length and width of the magnetic pole are substantially equal at this time.
  • the above-mentioned insulating layer 22 covers the side walls of the magnetic core 21, and the insulating layer 22 is mainly used to prevent a short circuit between the winding 23 and the magnetic core 21 from damaging the magnetic poles.
  • the above-mentioned winding 23 is wound around the magnetic core 21 along the surface of the insulating layer 22 facing away from the magnetic core 21 to form a magnetic pole.
  • the specific winding direction of the winding 23 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and depends on the specific situation.
  • the winding 23 has two ports for electrical connection with other components. In the embodiment of the present invention, one port is usually welded to a short interface 24 to achieve electrical connection, and the other port is welded to a long interface 25 to achieve electrical connection.
  • both the long interface 25 and the short interface 24 extend on the surface of the winding 23 along the axis of the magnetic pole to one end surface of the magnetic pole, so that the magnetic pole is installed in the integrated electromagnet provided in the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention.
  • the long interface 25 and the short interface 24 can be extended to the back box 8 to be connected with the wires in the back box 8.
  • the magnetic core 21 is a chamfered square along a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core 21, and the magnetic pole further includes an insulating support block 26; the insulating support block 26 is located in the At the four corners of the magnetic core 21, the insulating layer 22 covers the magnetic core 21 and the insulating support block 26.
  • the cross section of the magnetic core 21 in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic core 21 is usually a chamfered square.
  • insulating support blocks 26 are provided at the four corners of the magnetic core 21.
  • the shape of the insulating support blocks 26 requires It corresponds to the shape of the magnetic core 21 to support the insulating layer 22.
  • the above-mentioned insulating layer 22 will cover the magnetic core 21 and the insulating support block 26.
  • the above-mentioned winding 23 usually adopts a double-layer structure.
  • the use of the double-layer winding 23 is beneficial to increase the filling rate of the winding 23, thereby improving the guiding and braking ability, and at the same time, reducing the heating of the winding 23.
  • the winding 23 is usually composed of two materials distributed alternately, one layer of which is usually aluminum foil, and the other layer is usually an insulating film.
  • the specific structure and material of the winding 23 are not specifically limited, and it depends on the specific situation.
  • the surface of the magnetic pole is usually poured with epoxy resin, and the epoxy resin protects the internal structure of the magnetic pole and prevents the magnetic pole from being damaged by short circuit due to moisture.
  • the present invention also provides a maglev train.
  • the maglev train is specifically provided with the integrated electromagnet provided in any of the above-mentioned invention embodiments.
  • the integrated electromagnet please refer to the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention.
  • the remaining structures of the maglev train Reference can be made to the prior art, which will not be repeated here.
  • the braking function and the guiding function can be integrated in the same integrated electromagnet, so that the electromagnets can share the same control system and power supply system, thereby greatly reducing the control system. Waste of electromagnet resources.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments disclosed in this document can be directly implemented by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two.
  • the software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or all areas in the technical field. Any other known storage media.

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Abstract

一种集成电磁铁及一种磁浮列车，包括位于磁轭（1）朝向导向板一侧表面的两排磁极，两排磁极一一对应，磁极中磁芯（21）的轴线垂直于磁轭（1）朝向导向板（11）一侧表面；磁极包括第一磁极（2）和第二磁极（3），在同一排磁极中第一磁极（2）和第二磁极（3）交替设置；任一排磁极中第一磁极（2）与另一排中第二磁极（3）相邻；任一排第二磁极（3）相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器（5）；在导向状态中同一排磁极的极性相同，且一排磁极的极性与另一排磁极的极性相反；双向输出控制器（5）在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。将制动功能与导向功能集成在同一集成电磁铁中，可以减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。

Description

一种集成电磁铁及一种磁浮列车
本申请要求于2020年03月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010211874.7、发明名称为“一种集成电磁铁及一种磁浮列车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及磁浮列车技术领域，特别是涉及一种集成电磁铁以及一种磁浮列车。
背景技术
现阶段国内运行的高速磁浮列车最高运行速度达到503km/h，超高速运行要求磁浮列车具备更高的导向能力与制动能力，目前高速磁浮列车分别通过导向及制动电磁铁提供导向功能与紧急制动功能。
在现有技术中，每节车通常安装两个制动电磁铁及8个制动控制器，但该制动系统使用几率极低，仅在列车发生严重故障时才会启用。但即使车辆正常运行未启动该制动系统时，也需为其配备齐全的供电系统、控制器及制动电磁铁，这将导致严重的资源浪费，包括占据了大量机械空间，增加了整车重量，增加了所需供电系统容量。因此如何提供一种集成化的新型电磁铁解决制动电磁铁资源浪费是本领域技术人员急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种集成电磁铁，通过将导向功能与制动功能集成可以减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费；本发明的另一目的在于提供一种磁浮列车，通过将导向功能与制动功能集成可以减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种集成电磁铁，包括磁轭、位于所述磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面的两排磁极，两排所述磁极一一对应，所述磁极中磁芯的轴线垂直于所述磁轭朝向所述导向板一侧表面；
所述磁极包括第一磁极和第二磁极，在同一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极和所述第二磁极交替设置；任一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极与另一排中 所述第二磁极相邻；任一排所述第一磁极相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器，任一排所述第二磁极相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器；
在导向状态中同一排所述磁极的极性相同，且一排所述磁极的极性与另一排所述磁极的极性相反；所述双向输出控制器在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
可选的，在同一排所述磁极中，所述第一磁极和所述第二磁极一一交替设置。
可选的，同一排所述磁极的个数为偶数。
可选的，所述磁极朝向所述导向板一侧表面设置有磨耗板。
可选的，所述磁轭固定连接有三个承载板条，三个所述承载板条相互平行，所述承载板条的轴线平行于同一排所述磁极的排列方向。
可选的，所述磁轭背向所述导向板一侧设置有背箱，所述背箱与所述承载板条固定连接。
可选的，还包括Y向连接组件，任一所述Y向连接组件均同时与三个所述承载板条背向所述导向板一侧表面固定连接。
可选的，所述磁极沿垂直于所述磁芯轴线的截面呈圆角方形，所述磁极包括所述磁芯、绕组、绝缘层、短接口以及长接口；
所述绝缘层包覆所述绝缘层侧壁，所述绕组沿所述绝缘层背向所述磁芯一侧表面缠绕所述磁芯；所述短接口电连接所述绕组一端口，所述长接口电连接所述绕组另一端口，所述短接口与所述长接口均沿所述磁芯轴线延伸至所述磁极一端面。
可选的，所述磁芯沿垂直于所述磁芯轴线的截面呈去角方形，所述磁极还包括绝缘支撑块；所述绝缘支撑块位于所述磁芯的四角，所述绝缘层包覆所述磁芯和所述绝缘支撑块。
本发明还提供了一种磁浮列车，包括如上述任一项所述的集成电磁铁。
本发明所提供的一种集成电磁铁，包括磁轭、位于磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面的两排磁极，两排磁极一一对应，磁极中磁芯的轴线垂直于磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面；磁极包括第一磁极和第二磁极，在同一排磁极中第一磁极和第二磁极交替设置；任一排磁极中第一磁极与另一排中第二磁极相 邻；任一排第一磁极相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器，任一排第二磁极相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器；在导向状态中同一排磁极的极性相同，且一排磁极的极性与另一排磁极的极性相反；双向输出控制器在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
在普通的导向工作状态时，不同排的相邻磁极之间由于极性的不同可以产生磁场，从而与导向板之间产生垂直于列车前进方向的导向力进行导向；在需要进行制动时，双向输出控制器会输出反向电流，此时第二磁极的极性会反向。而由于任一排中第一磁极与另一排中第二磁极相邻，且同一排中第一磁极和第二磁极交替设置，此时沿列车前进方向会构成N/S交替排列的磁极从而产生磁场，形成制动力进行制动；而在制动时不同排之间相邻磁极的极性会变为相同从而不会产生干扰。而将制动功能与导向功能集成在同一集成电磁铁中，可以极大的减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。
本发明还提供了一种磁浮列车，同样具有上述有益效果，在此不再进行赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例或现有技术的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例所提供的一种集成电磁铁的结构示意图；
图2为图1的剖视图；
图3为导向状态时的供电回路图；
图4为制动状态时的供电回路图；
图5为导向状态时磁路路径图；
图6为制动状态时磁路路径图；
图7为单向输出控制器的供电原理图；
图8为双向输出控制器的供电原理图；
图9为本发明实施例所提供的一种具体的集成电磁铁的结构示意图；
图10为发明实施例所提供的一种具体的磁极的结构示意图。
图中：1.磁轭、2.第一磁极、3.第二磁极、4.单向输出控制器、5.双向输出控制器、6.磨耗板、7.承载板条、8.背箱、9.Y向连接组件、10.间隙传感器、11.导向板、21.磁芯、22.绝缘层、23.绕组、24.短接口、25.长接口、26.绝缘支撑块。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种集成电磁铁。在现有技术中，每节车通常安装两个制动电磁铁及8个制动控制器，但该制动系统使用几率极低，仅在列车发生严重故障时才会启用。但即使车辆正常运行未启动该制动系统时，也需为其配备齐全的供电系统、控制器及制动电磁铁，这将导致严重的资源浪费，包括占据了大量机械空间，增加了整车重量，增加了所需供电系统容量。
而本发明所提供的一种集成电磁铁，包括磁轭、位于磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面的两排磁极，两排磁极一一对应，磁极中磁芯的轴线垂直于磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面；磁极包括第一磁极和第二磁极，在同一排磁极中第一磁极和第二磁极交替设置；任一排磁极中第一磁极与另一排中第二磁极相邻；任一排第一磁极相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器，任一排第二磁极相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器；在导向状态中同一排磁极的极性相同，且一排磁极的极性与另一排磁极的极性相反；双向输出控制器在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
在普通的导向工作状态时，不同排的相邻磁极之间由于极性的不同可以产生磁场，从而与导向板之间产生垂直于列车前进方向的导向力进行导向；在需要进行制动时，双向输出控制器会输出反向电流，此时第二磁极的极性会反向。而由于任一排中第一磁极与另一排中第二磁极相邻，且同一排中第一磁极和第二磁极交替设置，此时沿列车前进方向会构成N/S交替排列的磁极从而产生磁场，形成制动力进行制动；而在制动时不同排之间相邻磁极的极性会变为相同从而不会产生干扰。而将制动功能与导向功能集成在同一集成电磁铁中，可以极大的减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1至图8，图1为本发明实施例所提供的一种集成电磁铁的结构示意图；图2为图1的剖视图；图3为导向状态时的供电回路图；图4为制动状态时的供电回路图；图5为导向状态时磁路路径图；图6为制动状态时磁路路径图；图7为单向输出控制器的供电原理图；图8为双向输出控制器的供电原理图。
参见图1以及图2，在本发明实施例中，集成电磁铁包括磁轭1、位于所述磁轭1朝向导向板11一侧表面的两排磁极，两排所述磁极一一对应，所述磁极中磁芯21的轴线垂直于所述磁轭1朝向所述导向板11一侧表面；所述磁极包括第一磁极2和第二磁极3，在同一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极2和所述第二磁极3交替设置；任一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极2与另一排中所述第二磁极3相邻；任一排所述第一磁极2相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器4，任一排所述第二磁极3相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器5；在导向状态中同一排所述磁极的极性相同，且一排所述磁极的极性与另一排所述磁极的极性相反；所述双向输出控制器5在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
上述磁轭1具体需要由导磁材料构成，使得该磁轭1可以导磁，以形成磁回路。在本发明实施例中该磁轭1通常是由导磁结构钢构成。当然，在本发明实施例中对于磁轭1的具体材质不做具体限定，只要具有良好的导磁性能，且其机械强度能够满足需求即可，视具体情况而定。
上述磁极位于磁轭1朝向导向板11表面，上述磁极与导向板11之间产生的磁吸力具体会先传递到磁轭1，再通过磁轭1传递至其他部件。相应的在本发明实施例中，通常还需要磁轭1具有一定的结构强度。有关磁极的具体结构将在下述发明实施例中做详细介绍，在此不再进行赘述。在 本发明实施例中，磁极具体按两排分布，且两排磁极一一对应。即两排磁极的数量相等，且一排中任一磁极会与另一排中一磁极相邻。在本发明实施例中，磁极中磁芯21的轴线垂直于磁轭1朝向导向板11一侧表面，这使得该磁极在工作时会产生从磁轭1指向导向板11的磁场。
参见图3以及图4，上述磁场包括第一磁极2和第二磁极3，需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中第一磁极2与第二磁极3的结构通常并无区别，其区别主要在于第一磁极2与第二磁极3连接的控制器种类不同。在同一排磁极中第一磁极2和第二磁极3会交替设置，而在不同排磁极之间任一排磁极中第一磁极2会与另一排磁极中第二磁极3相邻。在任一排磁极中，第一磁极2会相互串联并且连接一单向输出控制器4，该单向输出控制器4仅仅会沿一个方向输出电流，即在本发明实施例中第一磁极2的极性不会改变。而在任一排磁极中，第二磁极3也会相互串联并且连接一双向输出控制器5，该双向输出控制器5会从两个方向输出电流，即在本发明实施例中第二电极的极性会发生改变。通常情况下，在本发明实施例中集成电磁铁会连接四个控制器，分别为两个单向输出控制器4以及两个双向输出控制器5。
参见图5以及图6，在本发明实施例中，集成电磁铁在工作时具有导向状态以及制动状态，而在导向状态时同一排磁极的极性会设置成相同，且一排磁极的极性会与另一排磁极的极性相反，从而在两排磁极之间产生垂直于集成电磁铁轴线方向的磁场，即产生垂直于集成电磁铁移动方向的磁场，该磁场会经过一排中某一磁极、磁极与导向板11之间的气隙、导向板11、导向板11与磁极之间的气隙、另一排中相邻的磁极、磁轭1回到一开始的磁极，从而形成磁回路。该不同排磁极之间产生的磁回路会与导向板11之间产生磁吸力，通过对该磁场的控制可以改变磁吸力的大小，从而实现导向功能。
参见图7以及图8，在本发明实施例中，双向输出控制器5在制动状态中输出的电流方向需要与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。列车需要紧急停车，即需要处于制动状态时，双向输出控制器5相比于导向状态，会输出反向电流，此时第二磁极3的极性也会反向。此时，由于同一排磁 极中第一磁极2和第二磁极3交替设置，在同一排磁极中，会形成极性呈N/S交替的磁极；并且由于任一排磁极中第一磁极2与另一排中第二磁极3相邻，而在导向状态中不同排相邻磁极极性相反，此时在制动状态中不同排磁极之间的相邻磁极极性会相同，从而形成沿磁极排列方向传播的磁场。此时，则在制动状态中磁场会从一磁极发出，经过磁极与导向板11之间的气隙，导向板11，导向板11与同一排相邻磁极之间的气隙，相邻磁极，磁轭1而回到一开始的磁极，从而形成磁回路。由于两排磁极的极性在列车运行方向为NS交替，列车运行时，导向板11内会因磁场交变而产生涡流，进而导致两排磁极与导向板11之间的气隙磁通产生滞后，即磁场发生一定程度倾斜，倾斜磁场在运行方向上的分量产生制动力，起制动功能，也称为涡流制动功能，以实现制动。
通常情况下，在同一排所述磁极中，所述第一磁极2和所述第二磁极3一一交替设置，以便在制动状态时可以形成在第一磁极2以及第二磁极3之间的更加密集的磁场，而该第一磁极2以及第二磁极3之间所形成的磁场会与导向板11之间产生制动力，从而通过在同一排磁极中将第一磁极2和第二磁极3一一交替设置可以产生更强的制动力。
而在本发明实施例中，上述同一排磁极中磁极的个数通常为偶数，此时在同一排中第一磁极2的数量与第二磁极3的数量通常相等。当然，在本发明实施例中每一排磁极的数量可以为八个，一共设置十六个磁极，也可以是其他数量的磁极，有关磁极的具体数量在本发明实施例中不做具体限定。
本发明实施例所提供的一种集成电磁铁，包括磁轭1、位于磁轭1朝向导向板11一侧表面的两排磁极，两排磁极一一对应，磁极中磁芯21的轴线垂直于磁轭1朝向导向板11一侧表面；磁极包括第一磁极2和第二磁极3，在同一排磁极中第一磁极2和第二磁极3交替设置；任一排磁极中第一磁极2与另一排中第二磁极3相邻；任一排第一磁极2相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器4，任一排第二磁极3相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器5；在导向状态中同一排磁极的极性相同，且一排磁极的极性与另一排磁极的极性相反；双向输出控制器5在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在 导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
在普通的导向工作状态时，不同排的相邻磁极之间由于极性的不同可以产生磁场，从而与导向板11之间产生垂直于列车前进方向的导向力进行导向；在需要进行制动时，双向输出控制器5会输出反向电流，此时第二磁极3的极性会反向。而由于任一排中第一磁极2与另一排中第二磁极3相邻，且同一排中第一磁极2和第二磁极3交替设置，此时沿列车前进方向会构成N/S交替排列的磁极从而产生磁场，形成制动力进行制动；而在制动时不同排之间相邻磁极的极性会变为相同从而不会产生干扰。而将制动功能与导向功能集成在同一集成电磁铁中，可以极大的减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。
有关本发明所提供的一种集成电磁铁具体结构将在下述发明实施例中做详细介绍。
请参考图9，图9为本发明实施例所提供的一种具体的集成电磁铁的结构示意图。
区别于上述发明实施例，本发明实施例是在上述发明实施例的基础上，进一步介绍集成电磁铁的具体结构。其余内容已在上述发明实施例中进行了详细介绍，在此不再进行赘述。
参见图9，在本发明实施例中，所述磁极朝向所述导向板11一侧表面设置有磨耗板6。上述磨耗板6通常是通过铆钉铆接于磁极朝向导向板11一侧表面，磨耗板6的材料通常为锡青铜，起保护磁极的作用，避免特殊情况下因电磁铁与导向板11产生机械接触而损坏磁极。上述磨耗板6的厚度通常不大于6mm。需要说明的是，上述磨耗板6的材料也可以选用其他材料，只要能保护磁极不受机械碰撞损伤即可。需要注意的是，上述磨耗板6通常需要选用非导磁材料制作，以避免由磁极产生的磁场不经过气隙而不作用与导向板11。上述磁极分为两排结构，相应的上述磨耗板6可以为一整体设置两排磁极朝向导向板11一侧表面，该磨耗板6也可以分为两块，每一块磨耗板6分别设置在一排磁极朝向导向板11一侧表面。当然，上述磨耗板6也可以选用其他形状，有关磨耗板6具体的形状在本发明实 施例中不做具体限定。
在本发明实施例中，所述磁轭1固定连接有三个承载板条7，三个所述承载板条7相互平行，所述承载板条7的轴线平行于同一排所述磁极的排列方向。通常情况下，上述承载板条7分为上承载板条，中间承载板条和下承载板条，其中上承载板条和下承载板条通常设置在磁轭1的上下两侧表面，而中间承载板条通常是沿磁轭1的轴线设置在磁轭1背向导向板11一侧表面，上述三个承载板条7会与磁轭1固定连接，通常是通过螺栓固定于磁轭1。上述承载板条7在本发明实施例中主要起到承载作用，磁极与导向板11之间的磁力，会经由磁轭1传递到承载板条7。在本发明实施例中，承载板条7仅仅起力传递、支撑及安装作用，该承载板条7是与现有的磁浮列车中托臂结构相兼容的，可以通过该承载板条7将磁极产生的力传递至列车。
在本发明实施例中，集成电磁铁还包括有Y向连接组件9，任一所述Y向连接组件9均同时与三个所述承载板条7背向所述导向板11一侧表面固定连接。通常情况下，一集成电磁铁设置有两个Y向连接组件9，其分别位于集成电磁铁的两端。为了保证磁极所产生的力可以更加完整的传递至列车，任一Y向连接组件9均跨置三个承载板条7，同时与三个承载板条7背向导向板11一侧表面固定连接。在本发明实施例中集成电磁铁具体通过该Y向连接组件9与列车连接，磁极与导向板11之间所产生的力会通过该Y向连接组件9传递至列车。
在本发明实施例中，所述磁轭1背向所述导向板11一侧设置有背箱8，所述背箱8与所述承载板条7固定连接。该背箱8设置在磁轭1背向导向板11一侧，主要用于容纳与电磁铁连接的电线等部件。具体的，上述背箱8通常包括上盖板、下盖板、中间盖板以及后盖板。该上盖板通常是通过螺栓与上承载板条固定连接，中间盖板通常是通过螺栓与中间承载板条固定连接，下盖板通常是通过螺栓与中间承载板条固定连接，而后盖板通常是通过铆钉同时与上盖板、下盖板以及中间盖板铆接，以形成背箱8。上述背箱8一方面可以增加集成电磁铁强度，避免集成电磁铁在导向力及制动力作用下产生较大变形；一方面作为磁极连接线缆的安装载体，保护线 缆不被损坏，供电线缆连接器(图中未画出)通常固定于背箱8的上盖板以及下盖板。上述上盖板、下盖板、中间盖板以及后盖板的材料通常为铝合金。当然，在本发明实施例中对于背箱8的材质通常不做具体限定，视具体情况而定。作为优选的，上述背箱8所用材料最好为重量低，强度高，且不导磁的材料。
在本发明实施例中，集成电磁铁通常在承载板条7之间共设置四个间隙传感器10，该间隙传感器10通常通过螺栓固定于相邻承载板条7之间，与承载板条7固定连接。间隙传感器10主要用于检测集成电磁铁与导向板11之间的间隙，作为闭环控制系统的反馈。上述间隙传感器10的检测面通常需要低于磨耗板6表面4mm至6mm，以避免集成电磁铁与导向板11接触时对间隙传感器10造成损坏。
本发明实施例所提供的一种集成电磁铁，通过设置磨耗板6可以避免避特殊情况下因电磁铁与导向板11产生机械接触而损坏磁极；通过设置背箱8一方面可以增加集成电磁铁强度，避免集成电磁铁在导向力及制动力作用下产生较大变形；一方面作为磁极连接线缆的安装载体，保护线缆不被损坏。
有关本发明所提供的一种集成电磁铁具体结构将在下述发明实施例中做详细介绍。
请参考图10，图10为发明实施例所提供的一种具体的磁极的结构示意图。
区别于上述发明实施例，本发明实施例是在上述发明实施例的基础上，进一步介绍集成电磁铁中磁极的具体结构。其余内容已在上述发明实施例中进行了详细介绍，在此不再进行赘述。
参见图10，在本发明实施例中，所述磁极沿垂直于所述磁芯21轴线的截面呈圆角方形，所述磁极包括所述磁芯21、绕组23、绝缘层22、短接口24以及长接口25；所述绝缘层22包覆所述绝缘层22侧壁，所述绕组23沿所述绝缘层22背向所述磁芯21一侧表面缠绕所述磁芯21；所述短接口24电连接所述绕组23一端口，所述长接口25电连接所述绕组23 另一端口，所述短接口24与所述长接口25均沿所述磁芯21轴线延伸至所述磁极一端面。
上述磁芯21的轴线垂直于磁轭1朝向导向板11一侧表面，绕组23具体绕磁芯21轴线缠绕在磁芯21表面。在本发明实施例中磁极沿垂直于磁芯21轴线的截面呈圆角方形，此时该磁极的长宽大体相等。上述绝缘层22会包覆磁芯21侧壁，该绝缘层22主要用于避免绕组23与磁芯21之间产生短路而损坏磁极。上述绕组23沿绝缘层22背向磁芯21一侧表面缠绕磁芯21，以形成磁极，该绕组23具体的缠绕方向在本发明实施例中不做具体限定，视具体情况而定。该绕组23具有两个用于与其他部件电连接的端口，在本发明实施例中一端口通常会与一短接口24相互焊接以实现电连接，另一端口会与一长接口25相互焊接以实现电连接，而该长接口25和短接口24均会在绕组23表面沿磁极轴线方向延伸至磁极的一端面，以使该磁极安装在上述发明实施例所提供的集成电磁铁中时，该长接口25以及短接口24可以延伸至背箱8，以与背箱8中的电线连接。
具体的，在本发明实施例中，所述磁芯21沿垂直于所述磁芯21轴线的截面呈去角方形，所述磁极还包括绝缘支撑块26；所述绝缘支撑块26位于所述磁芯21的四角，所述绝缘层22包覆所述磁芯21和所述绝缘支撑块26。上述磁芯21沿垂直于磁芯21轴线方向的截面通常为去角方形，而为了便于绝缘层22的设置，在磁芯21的四角设置有绝缘支撑块26，该绝缘支撑块26的形状需要与磁芯21的形状相对应，以支撑起绝缘层22。相应的，上述绝缘层22会包覆磁芯21以及绝缘支撑块26。
具体的，在本发明实施例中，上述绕组23通常采用双层结构。采用双层绕组23，有利于提升绕组23填充率，从而提升导向及制动能力，同时可以减少绕组23的发热。该绕组23通常由两种材料相间分布构成，其一层通常为铝箔，而另一层通常为绝缘膜。当然，在本发明实施例中对于绕组23具体的结构以及材质并不做具体限定，视具体情况而定。在本发明实施例中，磁极表面通常浇注有环氧树脂，该环氧树脂会保护磁极的内部结构，避免磁极因受潮而短路造成损坏。
本发明还提供一种磁浮列车，该磁浮列车具体设置有上述任一种发明实施例中所提供的集成电磁铁，有关集成电磁铁的详细内容请参照上述发明实施例，有关磁浮列车的其余结构可以参考现有技术，在此不再进行赘述。
本发明实施例所提供的磁浮列车，由于其集成电磁铁可以将制动功能与导向功能集成在同一集成电磁铁中，从而电磁铁可以共同同一套控制系统以及供电系统，从而极大的减少制动电磁铁资源的浪费。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同或相似部分互相参见即可。
专业人员还可以进一步意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处理器执行的软件模块，或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、 物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本发明所提供的一种集成电磁铁以及一种磁浮列车进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种集成电磁铁，其特征在于，包括磁轭、位于所述磁轭朝向导向板一侧表面的两排磁极，两排所述磁极一一对应，所述磁极中磁芯的轴线垂直于所述磁轭朝向所述导向板一侧表面；
    所述磁极包括第一磁极和第二磁极，在同一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极和所述第二磁极交替设置；任一排所述磁极中所述第一磁极与另一排中所述第二磁极相邻；任一排所述第一磁极相互串联且连接一单向输出控制器，任一排所述第二磁极相互串联且连接一双向输出控制器；
    在导向状态中同一排所述磁极的极性相同，且一排所述磁极的极性与另一排所述磁极的极性相反；所述双向输出控制器在制动状态中输出的电流方向与在导向状态中输出的电流方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，在同一排所述磁极中，所述第一磁极和所述第二磁极一一交替设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，同一排所述磁极的个数为偶数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，所述磁极朝向所述导向板一侧表面设置有磨耗板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，所述磁轭固定连接有三个承载板条，三个所述承载板条相互平行，所述承载板条的轴线平行于同一排所述磁极的排列方向。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，所述磁轭背向所述导向板一侧设置有背箱，所述背箱与所述承载板条固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，还包括Y向连接组件，任一所述Y向连接组件均同时与三个所述承载板条背向所述导向板一侧表面固定连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项权利要求所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，所述磁极沿垂直于所述磁芯轴线的截面呈圆角方形，所述磁极包括所述磁芯、绕组、绝缘层、短接口以及长接口；
    所述绝缘层包覆所述绝缘层侧壁，所述绕组沿所述绝缘层背向所述磁 芯一侧表面缠绕所述磁芯；所述短接口电连接所述绕组一端口，所述长接口电连接所述绕组另一端口，所述短接口与所述长接口均沿所述磁芯轴线延伸至所述磁极一端面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的集成电磁铁，其特征在于，所述磁芯沿垂直于所述磁芯轴线的截面呈去角方形，所述磁极还包括绝缘支撑块；所述绝缘支撑块位于所述磁芯的四角，所述绝缘层包覆所述磁芯和所述绝缘支撑块。
  10. 一种磁浮列车，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至9任一项权利要求所述的集成电磁铁。
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