WO2021200290A1 - 鉛蓄電池 - Google Patents
鉛蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021200290A1 WO2021200290A1 PCT/JP2021/011516 JP2021011516W WO2021200290A1 WO 2021200290 A1 WO2021200290 A1 WO 2021200290A1 JP 2021011516 W JP2021011516 W JP 2021011516W WO 2021200290 A1 WO2021200290 A1 WO 2021200290A1
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- woven fabric
- separator
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- lead
- positive electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
- H01M50/437—Glass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
- H01M50/466—U-shaped, bag-shaped or folded
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lead storage battery.
- Lead-acid batteries are used worldwide in automotive applications (eg, passenger cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and golf carts) or industrial applications (eg, forklifts, cultivating machinery, railroads, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and communications equipment). Widely used.
- automotive applications eg, passenger cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, and golf carts
- industrial applications eg, forklifts, cultivating machinery, railroads, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and communications equipment.
- UPS uninterruptible power supplies
- communications equipment Widely used.
- ISS vehicles idling start and stop vehicles
- ISS vehicles that stop the engine while waiting for traffic lights or during traffic jams for the purpose of recent carbon dioxide emission regulation measures, fuel efficiency improvement, etc. (Abbreviated as) is being actively developed.
- the alternator does not generate electricity.
- the lead-acid battery needs to supply the power of various electrical components, and the discharge depth of the lead-acid battery becomes large. Further, since the charging time of the lead-acid battery by the power generation of the alternator is also shortened, the lead-acid battery will continue to operate in the partially charged state (Partial State of Charge, hereinafter abbreviated as "PS réelleC").
- lead-acid batteries for ISS vehicles are frequently charged and discharged.
- Charging and discharging of a lead-acid battery is accompanied by expansion and / or contraction of the electrode plate, and causes a decrease in capacity due to dropping of the active material.
- the active material falls off due to repeated charging and discharging at the positive electrode, and it is important to suppress the falling off of the positive electrode active material in the development of lead-acid batteries for ISS vehicles. Is a challenge.
- AGM Absorbed Glass Mat
- a separator As a separator for lead-acid batteries, a non-woven fabric of glass fiber called AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat) is widely known. Such a separator has a high ability to suppress stratification that may occur due to charging / discharging of a lead storage battery. Further, it is known that a glass mat, which is a non-woven fabric of coarser glass fibers, has a high ability to suppress the loss of active material due to charging and discharging of a lead storage battery.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that stratification is suppressed by arranging a separator and a fiber mat between a positive electrode and a negative electrode and bringing the fiber mat into contact with the negative electrode.
- Patent Document 1 focuses on suppressing the loss of the positive electrode active material by the ribs formed on the separator, and suppresses the loss of the positive electrode active material by using the non-woven fabric, or stratification. The effect of suppressing the conversion has not been investigated. Therefore, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the structure of the lead-acid battery for suppressing the dropout or stratification of the positive electrode active material is not optimized, and the life performance of the lead-acid battery for ISS vehicles is insufficient. Is considered to be.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lead storage battery exhibiting excellent PS CincinnatiC cycle life performance.
- a / (A + B) is 0.01 or more and 0.4 or less.
- the lead-acid battery according to any one of items 1 to 4 wherein the maximum pore size of the non-woven fabric is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the acrylic resin and / or the styrene resin contains a silane compound.
- the lead-acid battery according to item 10 wherein the amount of silicon (Si) in the silane compound is more than 0 parts by mass and 6 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic resin and / or the styrene resin.
- the separator is a porous membrane, and the porous membrane is a rib that is one of a group consisting of serrated ribs, inclined ribs, broken ribs, straight ribs, embosses, protrusions, and combinations thereof.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic perspective view which shows the structure of the lead storage battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrode plate group of the lead storage battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure of the electrode plate of the lead storage battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention, in particular, the structure which housed the positive electrode in a separator, and the perspective view (a) and cross-sectional view (b) of the structure are shown. do.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure of the electrode plate of the lead storage battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention, in particular, the structure which the negative electrode is housed in a separator, and the perspective view (a) and cross-sectional view (b) of the structure are shown. do.
- the lead-acid battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-woven fabric arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode lattice constituting the positive electrode may be lead or a lead alloy, and the positive electrode active material may be lead oxide, for example, lead dioxide.
- the negative electrode lattice constituting the negative electrode may be lead or a lead alloy, the negative electrode active material may be lead, and the lead negative electrode may be in a spongy form, for example. Further, with respect to the active materials of these positive electrodes and negative electrodes, other metal elements may be contained in the above composition.
- the separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is preferably a film body having insulating properties and ionic conductivity.
- the non-woven fabric arranged between the positive electrode and the separator is a film body containing fibers and a filler, preferably a fiber and a filler. Further, in the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of suppressing the PS CincinnatiC cycle life or stratification, it is preferable that the separator and the non-woven fabric are present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-woven fabric is present between the positive electrode and the separator.
- two layers may be superposed, and a multi-layered form of three or more layers may be used. Such a form of three or more layers includes at least the separator and the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment as the specific two layers, and the other layers can be selected from any film body.
- the lead-acid battery of the present embodiment may contain dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.1 to 1.4 as an electrolytic solution, and may further contain an additive.
- an additive for example, aluminum ions can be included from the viewpoint of suppressing sulfation.
- other additives include metal ions such as lithium ion and sodium ion, or metal ion sources thereof.
- the lead-acid battery according to the present embodiment has excellent cycle life performance because stratification or shedding of the positive electrode active material is suppressed in repeated charging and discharging at PS CincinnatiC.
- the lead-acid battery according to the present embodiment can be used in either an open-type lead-acid battery or a control valve type lead-acid battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the overall configuration of the lead storage battery of the present invention.
- the lead-acid battery includes an electric tank 1 and a terminal 2 as an exterior.
- a pole column 3 and an electrode group (pole plate group) 4 are housed inside the battery case 1.
- the pole column 3 connects the terminal 2 and the electrode group 4.
- the inside of the electric tank 1 is filled with the dilute sulfuric acid described above as an electrolytic solution, and the electrode group 4 is immersed.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the electrode group of the lead storage battery of the present invention.
- the electrode group 4 has a positive electrode 5 containing lead or a lead alloy as a lattice and lead oxide (for example, lead dioxide) as an active material, and a negative electrode group containing lead or a lead alloy as a lattice and lead (for example, spongy lead) as an active material. 6.
- a separator 7 arranged between the positive electrode 5 and the negative electrode 6 and a non-woven fabric 8 arranged between the positive electrode 5 and the separator 7 are provided.
- the structure is such that a plate-shaped positive electrode 5 and a negative electrode 6 are laminated via a separator 7 and a non-woven fabric 8, and these form an electrode group 4.
- the electrode group 4 is immersed in an electrolytic solution made of dilute sulfuric acid and housed in the electric tank 1, forming a lead storage battery.
- the separator according to the present invention can be used in the form of a sheet.
- the separator is preferably used in a bag shape.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a schematic diagram showing a pair of positive electrodes and negative electrodes included in the electrode group of FIG.
- the separator 7 in the figure (a) has a bag shape and houses the positive electrode 5.
- the non-woven fabric 8 is not shown in FIG. 3A, the non-woven fabric 8 is arranged between the positive electrode 5 and the separator 7 as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view (b) of this figure.
- the non-woven fabric 8 can be used in any form such as a sheet shape or a bag shape.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a schematic diagram showing a pair of negative electrodes and a positive electrode included in the electrode group of FIG.
- the separator 7 in the figure (a) has a bag shape and houses the negative electrode 6.
- the non-woven fabric 8 is not shown in FIG. 4A, the non-woven fabric 8 is arranged on the opposite side of the separator 7 from the surface facing the negative electrode 6 as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view (b) of this figure. Has been done.
- the form of use of the non-woven fabric 8 is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies that the separator 7 is arranged on the opposite side of the surface facing the negative electrode 6, and is used in any form such as a sheet shape or a bag shape. be able to.
- the separator according to the present embodiment is microporous in order to be arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, allow ions to permeate, and prevent an electrical short circuit.
- the separator in the present embodiment has a smaller maximum pore diameter than the non-woven fabric described later. From the viewpoint of suppressing an electrical short circuit, the maximum pore diameter of the separator is preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 400 nm or less, further preferably 300 nm or less, still more preferably 200 nm or less, and particularly preferably 150 nm or less. Is.
- the separator is preferably a porous membrane made of a natural or synthetic material.
- the material of the porous film include polyolefin, phenol resin, natural or synthetic rubber, synthetic wood pulp (SWP), glass fiber, synthetic fiber, cellulose fiber, or a combination thereof.
- the separator comprises a microporous membrane made from a thermoplastic polymer.
- Thermoplastic polymers include all acid-resistant thermoplastic materials suitable for lead-acid battery applications.
- Preferred thermoplastic polymers include polyvinyl and polyolefin. Examples of polyvinyl include polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Examples of the polyolefin include polyethylene, an ethylene / butene copolymer, and polypropylene.
- polyethylene is preferable, high molecular weight polyethylene having a molecular weight of at least 600,000 (measured by a viscosity measuring method and calculated by Margoli's formula) is more preferable, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is further preferable. ..
- UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- the molecular weight of UHMWPE is measured by a viscosity measuring method, and the molecular weight calculated by Margoli's formula is at least 1,000,000, and a standard load melt index (standard load of 2,160 g) is used.
- the molecular weight of UHMWPE is preferably more than 4,000,000, more preferably 5,000,000 to 8,000,000.
- the viscosity of UHMWPE is preferably 1,000 ml / g or more, more preferably 2,000 ml / g or more, and most preferably 3,000 ml / g or more.
- the separator is a microporous membrane containing UHMWPE and a filler (suitable fillers are described below), and in an extruder, the filler and a thermoplastic polymer such as UHMWPE, natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber. And a processing plasticizer (for example, process oil) can be mixed to produce the product.
- a processing plasticizer for example, process oil
- the porous or microporous membrane used as the separator is: about 5-15% by weight polymer, or about 10% by weight polymer; About 10-75% by weight filler, or about 30% by weight filler; and about 10-85% by weight process oil, or about 60% by weight process oil; Can be produced by blending.
- the filler content can be reduced from above and the oil content can be higher than 60% by weight, eg, greater than about 61% by weight, 62% by weight, 63% by weight, 64% by weight, 65. It can be mass%, 66 mass%, 67 mass%, 68 mass%, 69 mass% or 70 mass%.
- the filler: polymer ratio (mass basis) is in the following specified range: 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 3.5: 1, 4.0: 1, 4 Can be .5: 1, 5.0: 1, 5.5: 1 or 6: 1, or 2-5.5: 1, 2.5-5.0: 1, or 3.0- It can be 4.5: 1.
- the filler: polymer ratio (mass basis) is from about 1.5: 1 to about 6: 1, 2: 1 to 6: 1, about 2: 1 to 5: 1, about 2: 1 to. It can be 4: 1 or about 2: 1 to about 3: 1.
- the amount of filler, oil, polymer (eg polyethylene), and natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber in the porous or microporous membrane is operability, electrical resistance (ER), porosity, physical strength, twist. , And other desired separator properties can be balanced.
- the porous membrane used as the separator can contain ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) mixed with process oil and precipitated silica.
- UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
- the microporous membrane used as a separator can contain UHMWPE mixed with process oils, additives and precipitated silica.
- the additive can include an additive or a reagent (for example, a wetting agent, a coloring agent, an antistatic agent, a surfactant, or a similar product thereof) that are common in the field of separator technology, and the same technology. It can be mixed with UHMWPE in an amount known in the art as a trace amount.
- the composition for forming the polymer-containing microporous layer is 80 to 100% by volume of polyolefin, 0 to 40% by volume of plasticizer. And can be a homogeneous mixture of 0-92% by volume filler.
- the filler may be pre-dried and pulverized. Suitable filler materials will be described later.
- a preferred plasticizer is petroleum. Since the plasticizer is a component that is easily removed from the polymer filler composition, it is useful for imparting porosity to the battery separator.
- a microporous membrane can be obtained by the following manufacturing process. First, it may be produced by mixing about 30% by mass of filler with about 10% by mass of UHMWPE and about 60% by mass of process oil in an extruder. The components are passed through a heated extruder and the extruder produces an extrusion. The extrude produced is passed through a nip roll consisting of a die and two heated calendar rolls to produce a continuous web. A microporous membrane is then used to extract a significant amount of process oil from the web using a solvent, dry the extracted web, slit the web into lanes of a predetermined width, and wind the lanes into a roll. Can be manufactured.
- the calendar roll can be carved in various groove patterns and the resulting film can be provided with ribs, serrations, embossing and the like.
- ribs or the like may be imparted to the microporous membrane by passing the membrane obtained as the extrude through an additional properly carved calendar or embossed roll or press. good.
- Suitable fillers for separators include silica, alumina, talc, and combinations thereof. Of these, silica is preferred, and dried and pulverized silica is more preferred. Silica, which has a relatively high level of oil absorbency and a relatively high level of affinity for mineral oil, can be used in the production of lead-acid battery separators of the types shown herein for polyolefins (eg polyethylene) and mineral oils. Desirably dispersible in the mixture. In addition, the silica used herein may be precipitated silica and / or amorphous silica.
- the filler has an average particle size of 25 ⁇ m or less, 22 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, or 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the filler particles can be adjusted to 10 to 25 ⁇ m, if desired.
- the particle size of the silica particles contributes to the oil absorbency of silica and / or the surface area of silica as a filler, so that the silica particles in the final product or separator are in the above average particle size range. It's fine inside.
- the first silica used as a raw material is available as one or more agglomerates and / or aggregates and can have a size of about 200 ⁇ m or larger.
- microporous membranes made from compositions containing polyethylene, fillers, natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber typically have a residual oil content. Natural rubber and synthetic rubber will be described later.
- such residual oil content is from about 0.5% to about 40% of the total weight of the separator membrane.
- the residual oil content is about 10-30% of the total weight of the separator membrane, or about 20-30% of the total amount.
- the separator is in sheet form and has an oil content in the range of about 0.5% to about 40% per mass of separator sheet product, and in some cases from about 10 to. It has about 30% residual process oil and, in some cases, about 20 to about 30% residual process oil or residual oil.
- some or all of the residual oil content in the separator has more performance, such as a surfactant or nonionic surfactant with an HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipopicular Balance) of less than 6. May be replaced with an additive that improves.
- additives such as nonionic surfactants contain 0.5% or less of the total weight of the microporous membrane to the total amount of residual oil (eg, 20 or 30 or 40%). It may be included, thereby partially or completely replacing the residual oil in the separator membrane.
- the separator disclosed herein can contain natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- Natural rubbers include, for example, one or more formulations of polyisoprene.
- Examples of synthetic rubber include methyl rubber, polybutadiene, chloropen rubber, butyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, polyurethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polysulfide rubber, chlorosulfonyl polyethylene, norbornene rubber, acrylate rubber, fluororubber and silicone rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile.
- Examples thereof include copolymer rubbers such as butadiene rubbers, ethylene / propylene rubbers (EPM and EPDM) and ethylene / vinyl acetate rubbers.
- the rubber may be a crosslinked rubber or a non-crosslinked rubber, and in certain preferred embodiments, the rubber is a non-crosslinked rubber.
- the rubber may be a blend of crosslinked rubber and non-crosslinked rubber.
- the rubber is at least about 1% by mass, 2% by mass, 3% by mass, 4% by mass, 5% by mass, 6 with respect to the separator mass (for example, the mass of the polyolefin separator sheet or the mass of the layer containing the rubber). It can be present in the separator in an amount of% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, or 10% by weight.
- the rubber is 1 to 20% by mass, 2 to 20% by mass, 2.5 to 15% by mass, 2.5 to 12.5% by mass, 2.5 to 1% by mass, based on the mass of the separator. It can be present in an amount of 10% by weight, or 5-10% by weight.
- the separators disclosed herein have improved lead-acid battery performance (eg, improved oxidation resistance, improved wettability, reduced black residues, improved surface conductivity, increased rigidity, and / or metals.
- the surface may be functionalized, coated, treated, etc. to add materials, functions, and / or layers for the purpose of (improving resistance to contamination-induced oxidation, etc.).
- Materials, functions and / or layers are die coated, spray coated, dip coated, knife coated, curtain coated, gravure coated, physical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, or chemical vapor deposition. It can be applied to the surface by law or the like.
- silica, fumed silica, silicon oxide, alumina, aluminum oxide, metal, metal oxide, cellulose, carbon, conductive carbon material (for example, acetylene black, furnace black) and the like can be applied to the separator surface.
- a separator having one side coated with the conductive carbon material and having a non-woven fabric arranged on the opposite side to the one side can be mentioned.
- Rubber may be incorporated into the extruder with a polymer (eg, polyethylene), a filler (eg, silica), and a process oil and / or plasticizer to produce the separator according to this embodiment.
- a polymer eg, polyethylene
- a filler eg, silica
- a process oil and / or plasticizer to produce the separator according to this embodiment.
- a liquid slurry containing a material such as rubber, optionally silica, and water is formed, and one or both sides of a microporous membrane such as a polyethylene membrane, preferably the side facing the negative electrode, is liquid. It can be coated with a slurry and then dried, and if desired, a thin film of these materials can be further formed on the surface of the microporous membrane described above. Alternatively, a thin film of the above material may be formed on the surface of the microporous membrane without being limited to coating and drying with a liquid slurry. Due to the better wettability of the films or layers formed from these materials, known wetting agents can be added to the slurry for use in lead-acid batteries.
- the slurry can also contain one or more of the additives exemplified above.
- the additive-containing slurry is applied to one or both sides of the microporous membrane and dried, and then the porous layer and / or thin film containing the additive is formed on the separator surface, it adheres very well to the microporous membrane. Nevertheless, it does not increase the electrical resistance, or only slightly increases the electrical resistance.
- the separator can be further pressed using either a press machine or a calendar stack or a roll.
- the separator may be provided with ribs, grooves, serrated edges, serrated ribs, embossing, etc. by carving a press or calendar.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic top view illustrating the separator according to the present embodiment.
- the separator 100 has an upper edge 101, a lower edge 103, and side edges 105a and 105b. Further, in FIG. 5, the upper surface of the separator is defined so as to be along the device direction (“Machine Direction; MD”) and the device orthogonal direction (“Transverse Direction; TD”).
- the separator of the present embodiment comprises a back web 102 of a porous or microporous membrane and a series of positive electrode side ribs 104 extending from the back web 102 and preferably arranged in the longitudinal direction of the separator, i.e. along the MD. You may be prepared. As shown in the figure, the positive electrode side rib 104 may be serrated. In another embodiment (not shown), the positive electrode side ribs are grooves, textured areas, battlement (battlemental) ribs, fracture ribs, slanted ribs, straight ribs, curved or sinusoidal ribs, zigzag ribs, embossing, dimples. Etc., or any combination thereof.
- the positive electrode side rib may extend from a predetermined region of the back web and / or may extend to another region of the back rib.
- the positive electrode side ribs may be arranged at an angle greater than 0 ° and less than 180 ° or greater than 180 ° and less than 360 ° with respect to the side edge in top view.
- the negative electrode side intersecting ribs may be arranged on the second surface of the separator substantially parallel to the upper edge (that is, TD) of the separator. ..
- the separator 100 is arranged in the battery (not shown) with the rib 104 facing the positive electrode (not shown), but this is not essential.
- the rib 104 may be referred to as a positive electrode side rib when facing the positive electrode.
- a rib (not shown) extending from the opposite side of the microporous membrane as a separator may be arranged on the MD or TD facing the negative electrode (not shown).
- crossing rib When the negative electrode side rib is arranged along the TD, it is generally called “crossing rib”, and as described below, it is called “negative electrode side crossing rib” or "Negative Cross Rib; NCR”.
- the separator 100 is typically arranged in the battery and positions the negative electrode side crossing ribs toward the negative electrode, but this is not essential. Further, in light of the positive electrode side rib, the negative electrode side rib may be the same rib, a smaller rib, a vertical mini rib, a crossed mini rib, an NCR, a diagonal rib, or a combination thereof. Further, the negative electrode side and / or the positive electrode side surface of the separator may have no ribs in whole or in part, and one or both sides of the separator may be smooth or flat.
- the rib may be continuous, discontinuous, porous, or non-porous on the positive electrode side, the negative electrode side, or both poles, and may be a mini rib or a crossed mini rib on the negative electrode side.
- the ribs may be serrated (eg, serrated positive electrode side ribs, negative electrode side ribs, or both) in certain preferred embodiments.
- the serrated ribs may have an average MD length of about 0.05 mm to about 1 mm.
- the average MD length is 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0.9 mm or more, and / Or it may be 1.0 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.1 mm or less.
- the positive electrode side ribs are more likely to suppress the loss of the positive electrode active material than the negative electrode side ribs, and thus tend to improve the PS CincinnatiC cycle life.
- the rib of the separator can define the shortest distance from the base portion to the apex of the convex portion as the rib height R. If the separator has serrated ribs, it may have an average rib height of about 0.05 mm to about 4 mm.
- FIG. 6 is a physical depiction of a cross-sectional view of the separator according to the present embodiment observed along the height direction.
- the rib height 106 is defined as the height to the apex of the positive electrode side rib when the surface of the back web 102 having the positive electrode side rib 104 is used as a base point.
- the average rib height is about 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm (400 ⁇ m), 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0. .9 mm or more and / or about 1.0 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.1 mm or less It may be there.
- the overall thickness of the separator is typically about 1 mm to about 4 mm for industrial traction start / stop battery separators, and the overall thickness of the separator is slightly smaller (eg,). , Typically about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm) may be applied to automotive start / stop battery separators.
- the serrated rib may have an average center-to-center pitch in the columnar portion in the device direction of about 0.1 mm to about 50 mm.
- the average center-to-center pitch is about 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.25 mm, or 1.5 mm or more and / or about 1.5 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.0 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, or It may be 0.2 mm or less.
- the adjacent columnar portions of the serrated ribs can be similarly arranged at the same position in the device direction or at an offset. In the offset structure, adjacent serrated ribs are placed at different positions in the device direction.
- the serrated rib may have an average height bottom width ratio of about 0.1: 1 to about 500: 1 m as an average rib height: average width of the rib bottom.
- the average height-bottom width ratio is about 0.1 or more: 1, 25 or more: 1, 50 or more: 1, 100 or more: 1, 150 or more: 1, 200 or more: 1, 250 or more: 1, 300 or more. 1,350 or more: 1, or 450 or more: 1, and / or about 500 or less: 1,450 or less: 1,400 or less: 1,350 or less: 1,300 or less: 1,250 or less: 1,200 or less It may be 1, 150 or less: 1, 100 or less: 1, 50 or less: 1, or 25 or less: 1.
- the serrated rib may have an average bottom width tip width ratio of about 1000: 1 to about 0.1: 1 as a ratio of the average width of the rib bottom to the average width of the rib tip.
- the average bottom width tip width ratio is about 0.1 or more: 1, 1 or more: 1, 2 or more: 1, 3 or more: 1, 4 or more: 1, 5 or more: 1, 6 or more: 1, 7 or more.
- the separator can be characterized by straight ribs, serrated ribs, dimples, or a combination thereof.
- the separator may have a series of serrated ribs extending from top to bottom and a second series of serrated ribs extending horizontally.
- the separator may alternate between straight ribs, serrated ribs, dimples, continuous ribs, interrupted ribs, broken straight ribs, or a combination thereof.
- the separator may be a porous membrane and may have vertical or intersecting ribs on the negative electrode side on the opposite surface of the membrane as protrusions.
- the negative electrode side (ie, back surface) ribs may be parallel to the upper edge of the separator or may be arranged at a particular angle with respect to the upper edge in top view.
- the intersecting ribs may be oriented at about 90 °, 80 °, 75 °, 60 °, 50 °, 45 °, 35 °, 25 °, 15 ° or 5 ° with respect to the top edge.
- the intersecting ribs may be oriented at about 90-60 °, 60-30 °, 60-45 °, 45-30 °, or 30-0 ° with respect to the top edge.
- the cross ribs are on the surface of the membrane facing the negative electrode.
- the ribbed membrane is at least about 0.005 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.075 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0. It may have a transverse cross rib height (HNCR) of .5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1.0 mm, or a ribbed membrane of about 1.0 mm, It may have an HNCR of 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.10 mm or 0.05 mm or less.
- HNCR transverse cross rib height
- the ribbed membrane is at least about 0.005 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.075 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0. It may have a lateral cross rib width of .5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1.0 mm. In one embodiment, the ribbed film has a lateral crossing rib width of about 1.0 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.10 mm or 0.05 mm or less. good.
- the porous membrane used as the separator has a transverse cross rib height of about 0.10 to 0.15 mm and a longitudinal rib height of about 0.10 to 0.15 mm. You can do it.
- the porous membrane may have a transverse cross rib height of about 0.10 to 0.125 mm and a longitudinal rib height of about 0.10 to 0.125 mm.
- the negative electrode side crossing ribs described above may be smaller than the positive electrode side ribs and may be close to each other.
- the positive electrode side rib 104 has a height of 8 ⁇ m to 1 mm and can be separated by 1 ⁇ m to 20 mm, whereas the preferred back web thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane as a separator (excluding ribs or embossing). May be from about 50 ⁇ m to about 500 ⁇ m (eg, in certain embodiments, about 125 ⁇ m or less).
- a plurality of ribs are 0.05 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, 0.2 mm or more, 0.3 mm or more, 0.4 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 0.6 mm or more, 0.7 mm or more, 0, respectively.
- the distance may be 8.8 mm or more, 1.9 mm or more, 2.0 mm or more, and up to 20 mm.
- the back web thickness 107 is defined as the thickness of the back web 102 in the exemplary separator 100 of FIG.
- the negative electrode side crossing ribs may preferably have a height of about 25 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 50 ⁇ m to 75 ⁇ m, or may have a height smaller than 25 ⁇ m.
- the height of the NCR may be from about 25 ⁇ m to about 250 ⁇ m, preferably from about 50 ⁇ m to 125 ⁇ m, or preferably from about 50 ⁇ m to 75 ⁇ m.
- a / (A + B) means that the rib presses the non-woven fabric against the electrode.
- the content is preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.02 or more, still more preferably 0.03 or more, still more preferably 0. It is 04 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, and particularly preferably 0.06 or more.
- a / (A + B) is preferably 0.4 or less, more preferably 0.35 or less, from the viewpoint of securing the capacity of the lead storage battery due to the abundant presence of the electrolytic solution in the vicinity of the electrodes. It is more preferably 0.3 or less, still more preferably 0.25 or less, still more preferably 0.20 or less, and particularly preferably 0.15 or less.
- Numerical values related to rib dimensions can be obtained, for example, by observing the cross section / surface of the separator (scanning electron microscope). Detailed conditions for SEM observation will be described later in the examples.
- the separator is at least about 50 ⁇ m, at least about 75 ⁇ m, at least about 100 ⁇ m, at least about 125 ⁇ m, at least about 150 ⁇ m, at least about 175 ⁇ m, at least about 200 ⁇ m, at least about 225 ⁇ m, at least about 250 ⁇ m, at least.
- a back web of about 275 ⁇ m, at least about 300 ⁇ m, at least about 325 ⁇ m, at least about 350 ⁇ m, at least about 375 ⁇ m, at least about 400 ⁇ m, at least about 425 ⁇ m, at least about 450 ⁇ m, at least about 475 ⁇ m, or at least about 500 ⁇ m can be provided.
- Nonwoven fabric is a porous body arranged between the positive electrode and the separator.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment it is possible to suppress stratification and shedding of the positive electrode active material during charging / discharging with PS CincinnatiC.
- Nonwoven fabrics contain fibers from the viewpoint of increasing strength due to entanglement of fibers.
- the fiber various forms of fiber such as an inorganic fiber, a core-sheath type fiber, and an organic fiber (excluding the core-sheath type fiber) can be used.
- the non-woven fabric contains a filler from the viewpoint of contributing to the suppression of the positive electrode or the retention of the positive electrode active material.
- the filler at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic particles, organic particles, and organic-inorganic composite particles can be used. Among them, organic particles and organic-inorganic composite particles generally have a lower density than inorganic particles and are often easily scattered when handling powder.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present invention is distinguished from the above separator in that it has a maximum pore diameter larger than that of the separator. Further, the non-woven fabric according to the present invention can be used by being attached to the surface of the electrode during the manufacture of the electrode as long as it is arranged between the positive electrode and the separator when used in a lead storage battery.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment contains fibers from the viewpoint of increasing the strength of the non-woven fabric by entanglement of the fibers and / or holding the particles described above between the plurality of fibers to reduce the pore diameter. From these viewpoints, the fiber can be either an inorganic fiber or an organic fiber.
- the fiber diameter in the present specification is the fiber diameter ⁇ ( ⁇ m) of the fiber contained in the non-woven fabric, which is observed by observing the cross section of the non-woven fabric with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- each fiber diameter ⁇ is obtained by the above method, and the fiber diameters of the 50 fibers are added. It is a value obtained from the average value.
- the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is the arithmetic mean obtained from the 50 inorganic fibers randomly selected in the above observation, each fiber diameter ⁇ obtained by the above method, and the 50 inorganic fiber diameters. The value.
- the nonwoven fabric according to the present embodiment preferably contains inorganic fibers, and more preferably contains glass fibers or alumina fibers. ..
- the glass fibers it is preferable to use a composition having excellent acid resistance to dilute sulfuric acid, which is an electrolytic solution of a lead storage battery (for example, C glass composition). Further, from the viewpoint of improving the film strength of the non-woven fabric by entanglement of the fibers, it is preferable to use wool-like glass fibers.
- the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fibers is 500 ⁇ m.
- the following is preferable, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 5 ⁇ m. Below, it is 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1 ⁇ m or less, or 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fiber is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0. It is 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment preferably contains organic fibers, and as the organic fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, poly-1,3-trimethylene terephthalate (PTT) fiber, and polybutylene which are excellent in acid resistance and inexpensive.
- organic fibers include terephthalate (PBT) fibers, carbon fibers, polyolefin fibers (for example, polyethylene and polypropylene), polyamide fibers such as PA9T having excellent heat resistance, and cellulose fibers. It is also possible to use organic fibers other than these examples within the range in which the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment preferably contains core-sheath-type fiber.
- the core-sheath type fibers form a three-dimensional network structure inside the non-woven fabric, and the network structure is firmly bound by the melting component of the sheath, so that it has high heat resistance, especially high heat resistance (weight) in dilute sulfuric acid. Retainability and shape retention) are shown.
- the core-sheath type fiber in the present specification is a fiber in which a part or the entire surface of the fiber (core) is coated with an organic component (sheath) having a melting point of 150 ° C. or lower, and the melting point of the core is the sheath. Defined as a fiber higher than the melting point of. Generally, since the wet paper drying step used in the wet papermaking step is 200 ° C. or lower, it is more preferable that a part or the entire surface of the core-sheath fiber surface has a melting point of less than 200 ° C.
- the area of the core-sheath type fiber (core) surface is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 70.
- An area of% or more, most preferably 100%, is covered with a sheath.
- a part of the surface of a fiber (core) is the core, such as a side-by-side type fiber (a fiber in which two or more kinds of fibers having different melting points are composited as the same fiber in the fiber longitudinal direction).
- Those coated with an organic component (sheath) having a lower melting point are also included in the core-sheath type fiber according to the present embodiment in a broad sense.
- the sheath is not limited to one kind of composition, and two or more kinds of sheath compositions may cover the core.
- the fiber having the highest melting point contained in the core-sheath type fiber is used as the core.
- a core-sheath type fiber in which the core surface is all coated with a sheath having one type of composition is preferable.
- the entire surface of the core surface is covered with an organic component (sheath).
- the cross section of the core-sheath type fiber cut in the direction perpendicular to the fiber longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction does not have to be circular, but it may be circular from the viewpoint of uniformly binding to other materials of the non-woven fabric. preferable.
- the shape of the core occupying the cross section can be arbitrarily determined, and is preferably circular in consideration of the same viewpoint.
- a fiber in which the surface of the inorganic fiber (for example, glass fiber) is coated with an organic component (sheath) having a melting point of less than 200 ° C. and the melting point of the inorganic fiber is higher than the melting point of the organic component is also broadly defined in the present embodiment. It shall be included in the core-sheath type fiber.
- the fiber in which the surface of the inorganic fiber is coated with an organic component (sheath) having a melting temperature of less than 200 ° C. is regarded as a core-sheath type fiber and is distinguished from the above-mentioned inorganic fiber (fiber composed of only the inorganic component).
- both the core and the sheath of the core-sheath type fiber are organic components. It is preferable to have.
- the melting component in the present specification means the sheath of the core-sheath type fiber described above. Further, the non-melting component of the core-sheath type fiber according to the present embodiment means the core of the core-sheath type fiber.
- the melting point in the present specification is a melting temperature at which the material begins to melt and deform when the material is heated in air at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min from room temperature.
- the melting includes softening accompanied by a shape change.
- a particular core-sheath fiber is allowed to stand in contact with another material (eg, fiber or particle or resin) and heated from room temperature to 200 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min and then.
- the melting component of the core-sheath fiber has a melting point of less than 200 ° C.
- the core-sheath type fiber for example, when the core is dried by heating in a wet manufacturing process (for example, when the core is dried at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the sheath and lower than the melting point of the core), the core does not melt and remains in a fibrous form. It easily stays around the core, and the melting component does not easily spread to other materials (for example, inorganic fibers, particles, etc.). Therefore, the core-sheath type fiber suppresses that the pores of the non-woven fabric are filled and the electric resistance becomes high.
- the melting component of the core-sheath fiber according to the present embodiment is preferably polyester having a melting point of 150 ° C. or lower.
- the non-melting component of the core-sheath type fiber polyester having a melting point of 200 ° C. or higher is preferable.
- the non-woven fabric can be produced at a relatively low heating and drying temperature.
- the advantages of the core-sheath type fiber having both a melting component and a non-melting component will be described below from a comparison with a fiber that melts as a whole when heated above the melting point (hereinafter referred to as "totally melted fiber").
- totally melted fiber a fiber that melts as a whole when heated above the melting point.
- fully-melted fibers have a higher proportion of melting components in the fibers, so they are more likely to wet and spread on other materials (for example, fibers, particles, etc.), resulting in The electrical resistance of the non-woven fabric tends to increase.
- the fully melted fiber is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point, there is no unmelted component unlike the core portion of the core-sheath fiber, so that the entire fiber is melted and easily wets and spreads to other materials.
- the non-woven fabric obtained by using the fully melted fiber a thin region of the melting component is formed, and the mechanical film strength of the non-woven fabric is lower than that of the core-sheath type fiber. Therefore, it is preferable to use core-sheath type fibers for the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment.
- the core-sheath fiber according to the present embodiment is not limited to a specific resin composition, but the core composition of the core-sheath fiber is chemically based on dilute sulfuric acid in the electrolytic solution of the lead storage battery.
- Stable polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-1,3-trimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyolefin (for example, polypropylene, polyethylene), etc. can be exemplified, and the specific gravity is larger than that of water at a low price. (That is, it is difficult to float on the surface of the slurry when preparing an aqueous slurry), PET is preferable.
- the core may be an inorganic component such as glass or alumina.
- the sheath composition of the core-sheath type fiber it is preferable that it is an organic component from the viewpoint of melting the sheath at a low temperature, and polyester, polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) having a melting point of less than 200 ° C., EVOH (ethylene / vinyl common weight). (Combination) and the like can be exemplified, and among them, polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene, which are chemically stable with respect to dilute sulfuric acid in the electrolytic solution of the lead storage battery, are preferable.
- Polyester is preferable because the melting component does not easily spread on the inorganic particles or glass fibers of the hydrophilic material, it is difficult to fill the pores of the non-woven fabric, and it is easy to suppress the increase in resistance. More preferably, it is a polyester having a temperature of less than 200 ° C.
- an amorphous sheath or a crystalline sheath may be selected.
- the amorphous sheath is excellent in binding property due to the melting component of the core sheath type fiber, and the crystalline sheath is excellent in oxidation resistance, chemical resistance and the like.
- the sheath include amorphous polyester and crystalline polyester. These polyesters preferably have a melting point of less than 200 ° C. from the viewpoint of lowering the processing temperature.
- Typical core-sheath type fibers include fibers having a core of PET having a melting point of 200 ° C. or higher and a sheath made of polyester having a melting point of 150 ° C. or lower, and PET having a core having a melting point of 200 ° C. or higher and a sheath made of polyethylene having a melting point of less than 200 ° C.
- Examples thereof include fibers made of EVOH having a sheath of 200 ° C. or higher and a sheath having a melting point of less than 200 ° C.
- fibers made of polyester having a core having a melting point of 200 ° C. or higher and a sheath having a melting point of less than 200 ° C. are preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in electrical resistance of the non-woven fabric and increasing resistance to dilute sulfuric acid.
- the weight ratio of the sheath component to the core component (melting component weight (g) / non-melting component weight (g)) of the core-sheath fiber forms a three-dimensional network structure of the core-sheath fiber in the non-woven fabric, and the network is formed.
- 0.06 or more is preferable, and more preferably 0.10 or more. It is more preferably 0.15 or more, still more preferably 0.20 or more, even more preferably 0.30 or more, still more preferably 0.40 or more, and particularly preferably 0.50 or more. Yes, most preferably 0.60 or more.
- the weight ratio (melting component weight (g) / non-melting component weight (g)) is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and further preferably 9. 0 or less, still more preferably 8.0 or less, even more preferably 7.0 or less, particularly preferably 6.0 or less, most preferably 5.0 or less, 4.0 or less, 3.0 or less, 2.0 or less, or 1.6 or less.
- the heat resistance decreases as the melting point of the sheath of the core-sheath type fiber decreases, while the heating and drying temperature required for sufficiently melting the sheath increases as the melting point increases.
- the melting point is preferably more than 50 ° C. and less than 200 ° C., more preferably more than 60 ° C. and less than 190 ° C., still more preferably 65 ° C. to 180 ° C., even more preferably 85 ° C. to 170 ° C. It is preferably 90 ° C. to 150 ° C., particularly preferably 100 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the melting point of the core of the core-sheath type fiber decreases, the melting point of the sheath inevitably decreases and the heat resistance decreases. Therefore, the melting point of the core is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher. It is more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, even more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 220 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 240 ° C. or higher.
- the specific gravity of the core-sheath type fiber is water from the viewpoint of suppressing the floating of the fiber on the surface layer of the aqueous slurry and uniformly dispersing the core-sheath type fiber. It is preferably larger than the specific gravity.
- the composition of the core-sheath type fiber according to the present embodiment preferably contains polyester, and more preferably the core-sheath type fiber having a PET core and a polyester sheath.
- the above-mentioned organic fibers are used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the fiber lengths of the core-sheath type fibers and the organic fibers other than the core-sheath type fibers increase the binding points between the materials per fiber, and increase the strength of the non-woven fabric, particularly the film strength in the case of the film form. Therefore, it is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, still more preferably 2 mm or more, still more preferably 3 mm or more.
- the fiber length is preferably 300 mm or less, more preferably 100 mm or less, and further preferably 100 mm or less. Is 50 mm or less, more preferably 30 mm or less, still more preferably 15 mm or less, particularly preferably 10 mm or less, and most preferably 8 mm or less.
- the average fiber diameter (diameter) of the core-sheath type fiber and the organic fiber other than the core-sheath type fiber suppresses entanglement between the fibers in the slurry during wet papermaking and enhances the dispersibility of the fiber in the slurry. From the viewpoint, it is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 8 ⁇ m. That is all.
- the average fiber diameter (diameter) of the organic fibers other than the core-sheath type fibers is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and particularly. It is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the nonwoven fabric according to the present embodiment preferably contains a filler from the following three viewpoints: (I) A viewpoint that pores can be formed by combining the filler with the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment; (Ii) From the viewpoint of retaining the filler in the voids between the plurality of fibers to reduce the pore diameter of the non-woven fabric to retain the active material during the charge / discharge cycle and suppress the shedding; and (iii) dendrite short circuit or A viewpoint of suppressing a short circuit caused by the active material entering the non-woven fabric.
- any of inorganic particles, organic particles, and organic-inorganic composite particles can be used as the filler for the non-woven fabric. Since the organic particles and the organic-inorganic composite particles generally have a lower density than the inorganic particles, it is preferable that the organic particles are inorganic particles in which the particles are less likely to scatter in the space when the powder is handled. Further, in the case of inorganic particles, the filler for a non-woven fabric may be the same as the filler suitable for the separator described above.
- the melting point of the organic component contained in the organic particles and the organic-inorganic composite particles is preferably higher than the melting point of the sheath of the core-sheath type fiber, and is higher than the melting point of the sheath of the core-sheath type fiber. It is preferably 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher, further preferably 20 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- materials for inorganic particles include silica (precipitation silica, gelation silica, fumed silica, etc.), alumina, sulfates (eg, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate), titania (rutyl type, anatase type), and gibsite.
- Oxide-based ceramics such as zinc oxide and iron oxide
- Nitride-based ceramics such as silicon nitride, titanium nitride and boron nitride
- Silicon carbide calcium carbonate, aluminum sulfate, Aluminum silicate, magnesium hydroxide, potassium titanate, talc, synthetic kaolinite, kaolin clay, kaolin (kaolinite, dikstone, narkstone), calcined kaolin flybontite, stevensite, dikite, nacrite, haloysite, pyrophyllite , Audinite, montmorillonite, byderite, nontronite, volcon scoreite, saponite, hectrite, fluorine hectrite, saconite, sine holderite, vermiculite, fluorovermiculite, barcherin, cericite, amesite,
- particles of silica, alumina, kaolin, titania, aluminum silicate or barium sulfate having excellent acid resistance and oxidation resistance and high hydrophilicity are preferable.
- the sulfuric acid concentration spatially uniform in the electrolytic solution In order to suppress stratification in lead-acid batteries, it is necessary to keep the sulfuric acid concentration spatially uniform in the electrolytic solution.
- barium sulfate as the inorganic particles.
- the non-woven fabric filler according to the present embodiment is used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the particle size of the non-woven fabric filler is preferably less than 18 ⁇ m, more preferably 17 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 16 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of forming fine pores in the non-woven fabric. Even more preferably, it is 14 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 13 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 12 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size is preferably an average particle size from the viewpoint of forming fine pores in the entire non-woven fabric.
- the particle size of the filler is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, more preferably. It is preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 9 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size is preferably an average particle size from the viewpoint of forming fine pores in the entire non-woven fabric.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment preferably contains an organic component of the fiber and a resin as an organic component excluding the organic component of the particles.
- the non-woven fabric resin can be distinguished from the above-mentioned particles in that it does not have a particle shape in the non-woven fabric.
- a non-woven fabric having a fine porous structure can be produced by melting the resin component in a heat-drying step of a series of wet papermaking processes and binding the resin component to particles or fibers. Further, when the resin component is melted in a heating and drying step of a series of wet fabrication processes and fills most of the pores of the non-woven fabric, the electric resistance of the lead storage battery having the non-woven fabric between the electrodes increases.
- the resin according to the present embodiment is preferably exemplified below.
- non-woven resin in the present embodiment examples include acrylic resin, styrene resin, acrylic / urethane resin, acrylic / styrene resin, vinyl acetate / acrylic resin, styrene / butadiene resin, and acrylonitrile.
- Butadiene resin natural rubber resin, polybutadiene resin (BR resin), methyl methacrylate / butadiene resin, 2-vinylpyridine / styrene / butadiene resin (VP resin), chloroprene resin, polyethylene or polypropylene or polybutene or theirs.
- Polyethylene-based resins such as copolymers, modified polyolefin-based resins obtained by chlorinating or acid-modifying the polyolefin-based resins, fluororesins such as polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene Fluorine-containing rubber such as copolymer or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid-styrene-butadiene copolymer resin and its hydride, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl alcohol / polyacetate copolymer resin, etc. There is.
- the acrylic resin and / or the styrene resin is more preferable when used as a non-woven fabric because it has excellent binding properties to particles or fibers and excellent acid resistance.
- acrylic resin when it is described as an acrylic resin in this specification, it includes polymers such as acrylic / urethane resin, acrylic / styrene resin, acrylic / styrene / butadiene resin, vinyl acetate / acrylic resin, and acrylic resin.
- styrene resin in this specification includes acrylic / styrene resin, styrene / butadiene resin, acrylic / styrene / butadiene resin, 2-vinylpyridine / styrene / butadiene resin, styrene resin, etc. Contains polymer.
- These resins may contain one or more other components in the composition exemplified above.
- the resin according to the present embodiment is not limited to one type, and a plurality of types can be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- a combination of an acrylic resin and a styrene resin can be exemplified.
- the non-woven fabric resin in the present embodiment preferably contains a silane compound, and more preferably, an acrylic resin and / or a styrene resin contains a silane compound.
- a silane compound for non-woven fabric
- the affinity between the non-woven fabric and the dilute sulfuric acid electrolytic solution can be enhanced, and the performance of suppressing stratification can be improved.
- the amount of silicon (Si) in the silane compound exceeds 0 parts by mass and 6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the acrylic resin and / or the styrene resin. It is preferably 1 part by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less.
- the example of the silane compound in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymerizable monomer containing an alkoxysilane group, but for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy).
- Silane vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxy
- Examples thereof include silane and ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane are preferred.
- ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane are more preferable.
- the polarity derived from the Si—O bond or the like of the silane compound makes it easier for sulfuric acid to permeate the separator, thereby suppressing stratification. You can improve your ability.
- the weight ratio of silicon (Si) in the silane compound to the resin (Si (g) in the silane compound / resin solid content (g)) is preferably more than 0 from the viewpoint of sufficiently obtaining the effect of suppressing stratification. , More preferably 0.001 or more, still more preferably 0.005 or more, even more preferably 0.01 or more, still more preferably 0.03 or more, and particularly preferably 0.05 or more. Most preferably, it is 0.07 or more.
- the weight ratio of Si in the silane compound to the resin (Si (g) / resin (g) in the silane compound) is preferably more than 0, more preferably 0.001 or more, from the viewpoint of the stratification suppressing effect. , More preferably 0.005 or more, even more preferably 0.01 or more, still more preferably 0.03 or more, particularly preferably 0.05 or more, and most preferably 0.07 or more. Is.
- the weight ratio of Si in the silane compound to the resin (from the viewpoint of obtaining a high ability to suppress stratification by sufficiently securing the pore volume of the separator through which dilute sulfuric acid permeates while imparting hydrophilicity to the organic fibers (
- the Si (g) / resin (g)) in the silane compound is 6 or less, more preferably 5.9 or less, still more preferably 5.7 or less, and even more preferably 5.5 or less. Yes, still more preferably 5 or less, particularly preferably 4 or less, and most preferably 3 or less, 2 or less, 1.5 or less, or 1.0 or less.
- the calculated glass transition temperature (calculated Tg) of the resin is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of enhancing the heat resistance of the resin component, and preferably 70 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of enhancing the binding force between a plurality of materials.
- the calculated Tg is more preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower, further preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or higher and 10 ° C. or lower.
- the calculated Tg is determined by the following formula from the glass transition temperature and the copolymerization ratio of the homopolymer of each monomer.
- the alkoxysilane group-containing polymerizable monomer is not included in the calculation of the calculated glass transition temperature because it has crosslinkability and the amount used is small. Also, reactive surfactants are not included in the calculation of the calculated glass transition temperature.
- the Tg (K) of the homopolymer used in the above formula is described in, for example, the Polymer Handbook (Jhon Willey & Sons). The numerical values used in this embodiment are illustrated below. The value in parentheses indicates the Tg of the homopolymer.
- the calculated glass transition temperature is calculated by the above formula after obtaining the copolymerization ratio by thermal decomposition-GCMS or NMR.
- the resin for forming the non-woven fabric it is preferable to use a resin in which fine polymerized particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium, that is, latex.
- Latex has the viewpoint of uniformly distributing the resin component in the non-woven fabric to form a strong bond between multiple materials, and while suppressing the increase in electrical resistance while leaving fine pores when used in lead-acid batteries.
- the polymerized particles in the latex are uniformly distributed inside the non-woven fabric while leaving pores in the non-woven fabric obtained as the final product, and are bonded to various constituent materials. Thereby, the heat resistance of the non-woven fabric, for example, the heat resistance of the non-woven fabric in dilute sulfuric acid (particularly, weight retention) can be enhanced.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment is preferably made into a wet paper.
- a liquid containing resin, fibers and / or particles hereinafter, the liquid in which the solid content is dispersed is referred to as “slurry”. It is obtained by heating and drying the solid content in the slurry deposited on the surface.
- the liquid used for the slurry is preferably water or an aqueous liquid.
- the aqueous liquid may be a solution containing water as a main component, a mixture of water and another liquid, or the like. Therefore, also in the resin for forming the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a resin in which fine polymerized particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium of water or an aqueous liquid, that is, an aqueous latex.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment can be produced by adding the latex to the above slurry, depositing it on a mesh, and drying it.
- a non-woven fabric containing fibers as a main component is prepared in advance, and the non-woven fabric is immersed in a slurry containing resin and / or particles, or is placed on the surface of the non-woven fabric.
- a non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment can be obtained by coating a slurry containing a resin and / or particles and then drying the slurry.
- the non-woven fabric can be produced by any method, for example, a slurry containing fibers, resins and fillers can be produced by a wet papermaking process.
- the slurry may contain coagulants and / or dispersants and other additives used in papermaking.
- a dispersant suitable for various fibers used in the production of the non-woven fabric may be added to the slurry. Further, it is also possible to improve the water dispersibility by adhering the surfactant component to the surface of various fibers in advance.
- a non-woven fabric can also be produced by preparing a porous body mainly composed of fibers in advance and impregnating and drying the porous body in a slurry containing a resin and / or inorganic particles. From the viewpoint of producing a non-woven fabric having a small maximum pore size, it is preferable that the material of the fiber or particle is made uniform by sufficient stirring in the dispersion medium.
- a non-woven fabric can be produced by applying a slurry containing a resin and / or inorganic particles to the porous body.
- the thickness (T) of the non-woven fabric is 100 ⁇ m or more or exceeds 100 ⁇ m in consideration of suppressing stratification by holding the electrolytic solution inside the pores of the non-woven fabric. Is preferable, more preferably 110 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 120 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 130 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 140 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and most preferably 160 ⁇ m or more. , 170 ⁇ m or more, or 180 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the non-woven fabric is preferably 1300 ⁇ m or less, or less than 1300 ⁇ m, more preferably. It is preferably 1200 ⁇ m or less, or more preferably less than 1200 ⁇ m, still more preferably 1100 ⁇ m or less, or even more preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 900 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 800 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness in the present specification is an additive average value of the thickness of the five regions when the cross-sectional SEM (scanning electron microscope) observation of the non-woven fabric is performed and the thickness is measured for five different regions from the observation portion. Is defined as. Detailed conditions for SEM observation will be described later in the examples.
- the non-woven fabric of the present embodiment exerts the effects of suppressing stratification, suppressing sulfation, and suppressing dropping of the positive electrode active material by being pressed against the positive electrode by ribs of adjacent separators inside the lead-acid battery. It is something to do. Therefore, considering that the gap between the separator and the positive electrode generated by the ribs of the separator is filled and the precipitation of sulfuric acid or the positive electrode active material is suppressed, the nonwoven fabric is based on the base portion of the separator described above. It is preferable to have a sufficient thickness with respect to the height to the apex of the rib (rib height).
- the thickness (T / R) of the non-woven fabric with respect to the rib height is 0.10 or more, preferably 0.15 or more, and more preferably 0. It is .18 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more, even more preferably 0.21 or more, still more preferably 0.22 or more, particularly preferably 0.23 or more, and most preferably. Is 0.24 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.26 or more, 0.28 or more, or 0.30 or more.
- the thickness of the non-woven fabric is not excessive with respect to the rib height.
- the thickness (T / R) of the non-woven fabric with respect to the rib height is preferably 11 or less, more preferably 10.00 or less, still more preferably 8.00 or less, or even more. It is preferably 5.00 or less, or even more preferably 4.00 or less, even more preferably 3.50 or less, still more preferably 3.00 or less, and particularly preferably 2.75 or less. Most preferably, it is 2.50 or less, 2.25 or less, 2.00 or less, 1.75 or less, or 1.50 or less.
- the non-woven fabric according to the present embodiment suppresses the falling off of the positive electrode active material by holding the positive electrode active material in the pores of the non-woven fabric, and suppresses a dendrite short circuit or an electrical short circuit due to the active material entering the separator.
- the average flow hole diameter of the non-woven fabric is preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and further.
- the average flow hole diameter of the non-woven fabric is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more. Even more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, most preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more, 0.7 ⁇ m or more, 0.8 ⁇ m or more.
- the average flow hole diameter of the non-woven fabric can be adjusted within the above numerical range by, for example, forming the non-woven fabric using the filler and the resin described above.
- the pore size of the nonwoven fabric according to this embodiment is not limited. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the detachment of the positive electrode active material by holding the positive electrode active material in the pores of the non-woven fabric and / or suppressing the electric short circuit due to the dendrite short circuit or the active material entering the separator, the non-woven fabric
- the maximum pore diameter of is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum pore size of the non-woven fabric is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, preferably more than 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably.
- Table 1 shows various evaluation results of the separator and the non-woven fabric obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples. The evaluation method for each evaluation item listed in Table 1 will be described below.
- Various evaluations of the separator and the non-woven fabric can be applied regardless of before and after use in the lead storage battery.
- various evaluations can be carried out by disassembling the lead-acid battery, taking out the separator and the non-woven fabric, washing with water, and drying.
- ⁇ Rib height> When the cross section of the separator is observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the height to the apex of the rib of the separator is different from that of the base of the separator under the condition of 200 times magnification, the height to the apex of the rib is different in the separator surface. Measurements were made for 5 regions, and the additive average values of the heights of the 5 regions are shown in Table 1. The unit is ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Thickness> A cross-sectional SEM observation of the non-woven fabric was performed, the thickness (film thickness) was measured for five different regions in the non-woven fabric surface under the condition of a magnification of 200 times, and the arithmetic mean value of the thicknesses of the five regions is shown in Table 1. The unit is ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Separator plane observation> The surface of the separator is observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the area A of the rib convex portion and the area B of the base portion when the separator is viewed in a plan view are measured with an effective range of 4 mm ⁇ 3 mm under the condition of a magnification of 40 times. Then, A / (A + B) was calculated.
- the effective range in the present specification means an observable range when using a microscope.
- a Palm Porometer (model: CFP-1500AL) manufactured by PMI was used as the measuring device.
- a non-woven fabric is used as a sample to be measured, and compressed air is flowed in a state where all the pores of the non-woven fabric are filled with a test solution having a known surface tension, and the pore diameter of the non-woven fabric is measured.
- Galwick solution manufactured by PMI was used for the sample to be measured having a maximum pore size of less than 100 ⁇ m, and pure water was used for the sample to be measured having a maximum pore size of 100 ⁇ m or more.
- a non-woven fabric cut out to 25 mm ⁇ was immersed in a test solution to remove excess test solution, and then measurement was performed.
- the pore diameter of the pores can be calculated from the pressure at which air permeates the pores filled with the test solution and the surface tension of the test solution, and the following formula is used for the calculation.
- d pore C ⁇ ⁇ / P ⁇
- d pore is the pore diameter of the non-woven fabric
- ⁇ is the surface tension of the test solution
- P is the minimum air pressure through which air permeates the pore diameter
- C is a constant ⁇ .
- the air flow rate is 0 because all the pores of the non-woven fabric are filled with the test solution, but as the pressure increases, air will eventually permeate through the pores with the largest pore diameter.
- the positive air flow rate is observed for the first time (this point is called the bubble point).
- the maximum pore diameter d max in the present invention means the pore diameter of the non-woven fabric derived at the bubble point. Table 1 shows the measurement results of d max. The unit is ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Average flow hole diameter> In the above ⁇ maximum pore diameter> measurement, after the bubble point, the air flow rate increases as the pressure is further increased, and approaches the air flow rate (dry flow rate) in the dry state of the non-woven fabric. The air flow rate after the opening of the smallest pores is exactly the same as the dry flow rate.
- the value obtained by dividing the wet flow rate at a certain air pressure by the dry flow rate at the same pressure is defined as the cumulative filter flow rate (unit:%).
- the pore diameter that opens at an air pressure where the cumulative filter flow rate is 50% is defined as the average flow rate pore diameter d mean. Table 1 shows the measurement results of mean. The unit is ⁇ m.
- a lead-acid battery (rated capacity 6Ah, 2V single cell) is assembled using a polycarbonate battery, one lead oxide positive electrode, and one lead negative electrode, and, if necessary, a separator and / or a non-woven fabric described later. Dilute sulfuric acid having a specific gravity of 1.28 was injected as an electrolytic solution.
- a charge / discharge cycle test of the lead-acid battery was carried out with PS CincinnatiC in accordance with Standard 75073: 2012-07, and the progress of stratification was evaluated.
- the specific conditions of the charge / discharge cycle test after performing the initial discharge shown in (1) below at 25 ° C., (2) to (3) were repeated as one cycle.
- Example 1 As the separator, a polyethylene separator (back web thickness: 300 ⁇ m, serrated rib, rib height: 400 ⁇ m, maximum pore diameter: 120 nm, A / (A + B): 0.08) was used. A bag-shaped separator was produced by folding the separator piece cut into a rectangle in half in the long side direction and sealing both ends of the separator along the direction orthogonal to the folded side. At this time, the separator was folded so that the rib was inside the bag.
- the non-woven fabric To prepare the non-woven fabric, first, 29.4% by mass of silica particles having an average particle diameter of 13 ⁇ m as inorganic particles, 19.6% by mass of glass fibers (made of C glass) as inorganic fibers, and PET (melting point 255) as an organic fiber.
- core-sheath type fiber whose sheath is made of copolymerized polyester (melting point 130 ° C) (average fineness 2.2 dtex, average fiber length 5 mm, weight ratio of core to sheath 1: 1) 39.2% by mass
- acrylic resin solid content concentration: 50% by mass, calculated Tg: -2 ° C., ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane concentration: 0.5%
- dispersion medium water, high molecular weight latex
- the non-woven fabric piece cut into a rectangle was folded back in half in the long side direction, and the non-woven fabric piece was inserted into the inside of the bag-shaped separator from the folded side. At this time, the entire surface inside the bag of the bag-shaped separator was designed to be covered with the non-woven fabric piece.
- the positive electrode was inserted so as to be sandwiched between the folded non-woven fabric pieces.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of the separator, the obtained non-woven fabric, and the lead-acid battery according to the above evaluation method.
- Example 1 The materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 1 except that the evaluation was performed using only the separator without using the non-woven fabric.
- Examples 2 to 11 Regarding the non-woven fabric, the materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method were described except that the product slurry was prepared in the same compounding ratio as in Example 1 and the thickness was increased by increasing the amount of the slurry transferred to the sheet of the paper machine. It is the same as Example 1.
- Example 2 The materials used in Example 5, except that the separator was folded so that the ribs were on the outside of the bag, and the electrode to be inserted into the bag-shaped separator into which the folded non-woven fabric piece was inserted was changed to the negative electrode.
- the production method and the evaluation method are the same as in Example 5.
- Example 5 (Comparative Example 3)
- the materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 5, except that the separator is folded so that the ribs of the separator are on the outside of the bag.
- the non-woven fabric is the same as that of Example 1 in terms of the material used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method, except that the non-woven fabric is changed to a glass mat.
- Example 12 The separator is the same as in Example 1 in terms of the material used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method, except that the separator is changed to a polyethylene separator (rib height 120 ⁇ m, A / (A + B): 0.24).
- Example 13 to 20, Comparative Example 5 Regarding the non-woven fabric, the materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method were described except that the product slurry was prepared in the same compounding ratio as in Example 12 and the thickness was increased by increasing the amount of the slurry transferred to the sheet of the paper machine. It is the same as Example 12.
- Example 6 (Comparative Example 6) The materials used in Example 15 except that the separator was folded so that the ribs were on the outside of the bag, and the electrode to be inserted into the bag-shaped separator into which the folded non-woven fabric piece was inserted was changed to the negative electrode.
- the production method and the evaluation method are the same as in Example 15.
- Example 15 (Comparative Example 7)
- the materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 15, except that the separator is folded so that the ribs of the separator are on the outside of the bag.
- Example 21 The separator is the same as in Example 1 in terms of the material used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method, except that the separator is changed to a polyethylene separator (rib height 650 ⁇ m, A / (A + B): 0.04).
- Example 22 to 26, Comparative Example 8 For the non-woven fabric, the product slurry was prepared in the same compounding ratio as in Example 21, and the thickness was increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the amount of the slurry transferred to the sheet of the paper machine. And the evaluation method is the same as in Example 21.
- Example 9 The materials used in Example 24, except that the separator was folded so that the ribs were on the outside of the bag, and the electrode inserted into the bag-shaped separator into which the folded non-woven fabric piece was inserted was changed to the negative electrode.
- the production method and the evaluation method are the same as in Example 24.
- Example 24 (Comparative Example 10)
- the materials used, the manufacturing method, and the evaluation method are the same as those in Example 24, except that the separator is folded so that the ribs of the separator are on the outside of the bag.
- the non-woven fabric fills the gap between the positive electrode and the separator to hold the electrolytic solution, so that it is generated from the positive electrode during charging. It can be considered that the stratification was suppressed because it contributed to the suppression of the precipitation of sulfuric acid. When stratification is suppressed, regions with a high concentration of dilute sulfuric acid are unlikely to occur, deterioration due to sulfation is suppressed, and this contributes to an improvement in PS CincinnatiC cycle life.
- the non-woven fabric having a microporous structure exists while being pressed against the positive electrode by the ribs of the separator and exists in opposition to each other, so that the falling off of the positive electrode active material is suppressed.
- PS CincinnatiC cycle life is improved.
- the thickness T of the non-woven fabric is in the range of about 120 to 1200 ⁇ m, the PS thoroughlyC cycle life tends to be excellent. From this, it is considered that there is a thickness range that has a sufficient microporous capacity for holding the electrolytic solution, does not inhibit ionic conduction in the battery reaction, and does not impair the charging efficiency.
- Example 11 the presence of the non-woven fabric suppressed stratification and shedding of the positive electrode active material, but when T did not satisfy less than 1200 ⁇ m, the ionic conductivity in the battery reaction, and thus the charging efficiency, decreased. It can be considered that the voltage dropped relatively early.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the T / R does not satisfy 0.10 or more, there is no microporous non-woven fabric for holding the sulfuric acid generated from the positive electrode during charging or the active material desorbed from the positive electrode. Therefore, in Comparative Example 1, it is considered that the progress of stratification increased, the active material retention and the PS thoroughlyC cycle life decreased.
- Comparative Example 2 since the non-woven fabric is present facing the negative electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the negative electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 5. be.
- the positive electrode did not face the non-woven fabric and was not satisfied that it was contained in the bag-shaped separator and the non-woven fabric, so that the positive electrode active material was shed. Therefore, the PS thoroughlyC cycle life of Comparative Example 2 was reduced to less than half that of Example 5 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 1 to 11.
- Comparative Example 3 since the non-woven fabric is present facing the positive electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the positive electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 5. be.
- Comparative Example 3 since the ribs of the separator did not satisfy the fact that they faced the positive electrode, the removal of the positive electrode active material could not be suppressed by pressing the non-woven fabric against the positive electrode with the ribs, and the removal of the positive electrode active material proceeded. Therefore, the PS SharePointC cycle life of Comparative Example 3 was reduced to less than half that of Example 5 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 1 to 11.
- Comparative Example 4 which does not contain a filler and does not satisfy that the maximum pore diameter d max is 30 ⁇ m or less and the average flow rate pore diameter d mean is 25 ⁇ m or less, the stratification progress is 0.085 and the active material retention is high. It was B, and the PS CincinnatiC cycle life was 86, which was lower than that of Examples 1 to 11.
- Examples 1 to 11 when the non-woven fabric contains the filler and the resin, a complicated curved path is formed inside the pores, and the maximum pore diameter and the average flow rate pore diameter are reduced. Therefore, the non-woven fabric existing between the positive electrode and the separator contributes to suppressing the precipitation of sulfuric acid generated from the positive electrode or the active material desorbed from the positive electrode during charging.
- Comparative Example 4 since the non-woven fabric does not contain a filler, it is difficult to form a complicated curved path inside the pores, and the d max is 170 ⁇ m and the mean is 150 ⁇ m, which are relative to those of Examples 1 to 11. It was a big result. Therefore, it is difficult to suppress the sedimentation of sulfuric acid and the positive electrode active material during the charge / discharge cycle, and it can be considered that the PS CleanC cycle life is shortened.
- Examples 12 to 20 and Comparative Example 5 a separator and a non-woven fabric exist between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-woven fabric exists between the positive electrode and the separator.
- the rib height R of the separator is 120 ⁇ m, which is common, and the thickness T of the non-woven fabric is 100 to 1400 ⁇ m.
- the stratification progress is 0.033 to 0.072, and the active material retention is A or B, PS CincinnatiC.
- the cycle life was 102 to 140.
- Comparative Example 5 which does not satisfy the T / R of 11 or less has an excellent stratification progress of 0.034, while the active material retention is C and the PS CincinnatiC cycle life is 77, and Examples 12 to 12 to The result was inferior to 20.
- the cause is that the thickness T of the non-woven fabric is too large with respect to the rib height R, so that the ribs press the non-woven fabric against the positive electrode weakly, and the removal of the positive electrode active material cannot be suppressed. It is conceivable that the battery reaction efficiency deteriorates and the charging efficiency deteriorates because the ion conductivity is small and the ion conductivity deteriorates.
- Comparative Example 6 the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric are the same as those of Example 15 which is excellent in PS CincinnatiC cycle life, so that the non-woven fabric is arranged between the negative electrode and the separator and the rib of the separator is on the outside. The only difference is that it is folded.
- the stratification progress was 0.045
- the active material retention was C
- the PS ChromeC cycle life was 55.
- Comparative Example 6 since the non-woven fabric is present facing the negative electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the negative electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 15. be.
- Comparative Example 6 the positive electrode did not face the non-woven fabric and was not satisfied that it was contained in the bag-shaped separator and the non-woven fabric, so that the positive electrode active material was shed. Therefore, the PS thoroughlyC cycle life of Comparative Example 6 was reduced to less than half that of Example 15 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 12 to 20.
- Comparative Example 7 since the non-woven fabric is present facing the positive electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the positive electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 15. be.
- Comparative Example 7 since the ribs of the separator did not satisfy the fact that they faced the positive electrode, the removal of the positive electrode active material could not be suppressed by pressing the non-woven fabric against the positive electrode with the ribs, and the removal of the positive electrode active material proceeded. Therefore, the PS SharePointC cycle life of Comparative Example 7 was reduced to less than half that of Example 15 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 12 to 20.
- the separator and the non-woven fabric exist between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-woven fabric exists between the positive electrode and the separator.
- the rib height R of the separator is 650 ⁇ m, which is common, and the thickness T of the non-woven fabric is 60 to 1300 ⁇ m.
- the stratification progress is 0.058 to 0.079, and the active material retention is A or B, PS CincinnatiC.
- the cycle life was 108 to 144.
- Comparative Example 8 in which the T / R was 0.09, the stratification progress was 0.135, the active material retention was C, and the PS CincinnatiC cycle life was 70.
- the thickness of the non-woven fabric is insufficient with respect to the height of the ribs. Can't meet. Therefore, in Comparative Example 8, voids not filled with the non-woven fabric exist on the surface of the positive electrode, and precipitation of sulfuric acid and / or the positive electrode active material occurs preferentially, so that the degree of stratification progress increases. It can be considered that the active material retention and, by extension, the PS CincinnatiC cycle life have decreased. Further, in Comparative Example 9, the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric are the same as those of Example 24 having excellent PS thoroughlyC cycle life, so that the non-woven fabric is arranged between the negative electrode and the separator and the ribs of the separator are on the outside.
- Comparative Example 9 the stratification progress was 0.062, the active material retention was C, and the PS thoroughlyC cycle life was 53.
- the non-woven fabric is present facing the negative electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the negative electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 24. be.
- the positive electrode did not face the non-woven fabric and was not satisfied that it was contained in the bag-shaped separator and the non-woven fabric, so that the positive electrode active material was shed. Therefore, the PS thoroughlyC cycle life of Comparative Example 9 was reduced to less than half that of Example 24 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 21 to 26.
- Comparative Example 10 the stratification progress was 0.058, the active material retention was C, and the PS CincinnatiC cycle life was 54.
- the non-woven fabric is present facing the positive electrode, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of high-concentration sulfuric acid generated from the surface of the positive electrode during charging, so that the progress of stratification is small and equivalent to that of Example 24. be.
- Comparative Example 10 since the ribs of the separator were not satisfied to face the positive electrode, the loss of the positive electrode active material could not be suppressed by pressing the non-woven fabric against the positive electrode with the ribs, and the loss of the positive electrode active material proceeded. Therefore, the PS SharePointC cycle life of Comparative Example 10 was reduced to less than half that of Example 24 in which the characteristics of the separator and the non-woven fabric were similar, and the result was inferior to all of Examples 21 to 26.
- the arrangement of the separator, the non-woven fabric, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution according to the present invention can be used for a lead storage battery that requires excellent PS CincinnatiC cycle life performance.
- Electrode pillar 4 Electrode group (electrode plate group) 5: Positive electrode 6: Negative electrode 7: Separator 8: Non-woven fabric 100: Separator 101: Upper edge 102: Back web 103: Lower edge 104: Positive electrode side rib 105a, 105b: Side edge 106: Rib height 107: Back web thickness
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Abstract
Description
[1]
正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極の間に介在するセパレータと、
前記正極と前記セパレータとの間に配置され、繊維とフィラーとを含む不織布と
を備え、
前記セパレータは、ベース部から凸状に形成されたリブを前記正極側に備え、
前記不織布の厚みTと、前記ベース部を基点とした前記リブの頂点までの高さRとの関係T/Rが、0.10以上かつ11以下である鉛蓄電池。
[2]
前記不織布の平均流量孔径が、25μm以下である、項目1に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[3]
前記不織布の平均流量孔径が、0.05μm以上である、項目1又は2に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[4]
前記セパレータを平面視したときの有効範囲での、凸状部の面積をA、前記ベース部の面積をBとしたとき、A/(A+B)が、0.01以上0.4以下である、項目1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[5]
前記不織布の最大孔径が、30μm以下である、項目1~4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[6]
前記不織布の最大孔径が、0.5μm以上である、項目1~5のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[7]
前記不織布の厚みが、100μm以上である、項目1~6のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[8]
前記不織布の厚みが、100μm以上1300μm以下である、項目1~7のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[9]
前記不織布は、アクリル系樹脂、及び/又はスチレン系樹脂を含む、項目1~8のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[10]
前記アクリル系樹脂、及び/又は前記スチレン系樹脂が、シラン化合物を含む、項目9に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[11]
前記アクリル系樹脂、及び/又は前記スチレン系樹脂の100質量部に対して、前記シラン化合物中のケイ素(Si)が、0質量部超過6質量部以下である、項目10に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[12]
前記セパレータは、多孔質膜であり、そして前記多孔質膜が、鋸歯状リブ、傾斜リブ、破断リブ、直線リブ、エンボス、突起、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群のうちの1つであるリブを含む、項目1~11のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[13]
前記セパレータは、袋状であり、前記正極又は前記負極を収容している、項目1~12のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[14]
前記セパレータは、前記負極を収容している、項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[15]
前記セパレータは、前記正極を収容している、項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[16]
前記繊維は、有機繊維を含む、項目1~15のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
[17]
前記フィラーは、無機粒子を含む、項目1~16のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
本発明の鉛蓄電池は、正極、負極、正極と負極の間に介在するセパレータ、及び正極と負極の間に配置した不織布を備える。正極を構成する正極格子は鉛又は鉛合金でよく、そして正極活物質は、酸化鉛、例えば二酸化鉛でよい。負極を構成する負極格子は鉛又は鉛合金でよく、負極活物質は鉛でよく、そして鉛負極は、例えば海綿状の形態でよい。また、これらの正極及び負極の活物質については、上記組成にその他の金属元素が含まれていてよい。
本実施の形態に係るセパレータは、正極と負極の間に配置され、イオンが透過し得、電気的短絡を防止するため、微多孔質である。本実施の形態におけるセパレータは、後述する不織布より最大孔径が小さい。電気的短絡を抑制する観点から、セパレータの最大孔径は、500nm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは400nm以下であり、更に好ましくは300nm以下であり、より更に好ましくは200nm以下であり、特に好ましくは150nm以下である。
セパレータは、天然又は合成材料で製造された多孔質膜であることが好ましい。多孔質膜の材料としては、ポリオレフィン、フェノール樹脂、天然若しくは合成ゴム、合成木材パルプ(SWP)、ガラス繊維、合成繊維、セルロース繊維、又はこれらの組合せ等が挙げられる。
より好ましくは、セパレータは、熱可塑性ポリマーから製造された微多孔質膜を含む。熱可塑性ポリマーとしては、鉛蓄電池の用途に適した全ての酸耐性熱可塑性材料を挙げることができる。好ましい熱可塑性ポリマーとしては、ポリビニル及びポリオレフィンが挙げられる。
ポリビニルとしては、例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)が挙げられる。
ポリオレフィンとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、エチレン・ブテン共重合体、及びポリプロピレンが挙げられる。中でも、ポリエチレンが好ましく、少なくとも600,000の分子量(粘度測定法により測定し、マルゴリー(Margolie)の式により算出される)を有する高分子量ポリエチレンがより好ましく、超高分子量ポリエチレン(UHMWPE)が更に好ましい。
本明細書では、UHMWPEの分子量は、粘度測定法により測定し、マルゴリー(Margolie)の式により算出される分子量が少なくとも1,000,000であり、標準荷重メルトインデックス(2,160gの標準荷重を用いてASTM D1238(条件E)で規定されているとおりに測定される)が実質的にゼロ(0)であり、かつ粘度数(130℃においてデカリン100g中のポリオレフィン0.02gの溶液中で測定される)が600ml/g以上である。UHMWPEの分子量は、好ましくは4,000,000超であり、より好ましくは5,000,000~8,000,000である。また、UHMWPEの粘度数は、好ましくは1,000ml/g以上、より好ましくは2,000ml/g以上、最も好ましくは3,000ml/g以上である。
約10~75質量%のフィラー、又は約30質量%のフィラー;及び
約10~85質量%のプロセスオイル、又は約60質量%のプロセスオイル;
を配合することにより製造することができる。
フィラーがシリカ粒子の場合には、シリカ粒子の粒径は、シリカの吸油性及び/又はフィラーとしてのシリカの表面積に寄与するので、最終製品又はセパレータ中のシリカ粒子は、上記平均粒径の範囲内でよい。しかしながら、セパレータ製造プロセスにおいて、原料として使用される最初のシリカは、1つ以上のアグロメレート及び/又はアグリゲートとして入手され、約200μm以上のサイズを有し得る。
一実施の形態では、かかる残オイル含有物はセパレータ膜の総重量のうち約0.5%~約40%である。
別の実施の形態では、かかる残オイル含有割合は、セパレータ膜の総重量のうち約10~30%、又は総量のうち約20~30%である。
本実施の形態に係るセパレータを製造するため、ゴムを、ポリマー(例えば、ポリエチレン)、フィラー(例えば、シリカ)、並びにプロセスオイル及び/又は可塑剤と共に押出機に組み込んでもよい。
本実施の形態のセパレータは、鉛蓄電池内に配置されるときに、正極側にリブを有する。図5は、本実施の形態に係るセパレータを例示した模式上面図である。セパレータ100は、上部エッジ101と、下部エッジ103と、側面エッジ105a及び105bとを有する。また、図5には、セパレータの上面が、装置方向(「Machine Direction;MD」)と装置直交方向(「Transverse Direction;TD」)とに沿うように画定されている。本実施の形態のセパレータは、多孔質又は微多孔質膜のバックウェブ102と、バックウェブ102から延び、好ましくはセパレータの縦方向、すなわちMDに沿って配置される一連の正極側リブ104とを備えてよい。図示しているように、正極側リブ104は、鋸歯状であってよい。別の実施形態(図示せず)では、正極側リブは、溝、テクスチャー領域、バトルメント(狭間胸壁状)リブ、破断リブ、傾斜リブ、直線リブ、曲線若しくは正弦波リブ、ジグザグリブ、エンボス、ディンプル等、又はこれらの任意の組み合わせであってよい。なお、正極側リブは、バックウェブの所定の領域から延びてよく、かつ/又はバックリブの他の領域へと延びてよい。
いくつかの実施の形態では、セパレータは、厚みが少なくとも約50μm、少なくとも約75μm、少なくとも約100μm、少なくとも約125μm、少なくとも約150μm、少なくとも約175μm、少なくとも約200μm、少なくとも約225μm、少なくとも約250μm、少なくとも約275μm、少なくとも約300μm、少なくとも約325μm、少なくとも約350μm、少なくとも約375μm、少なくとも約400μm、少なくとも約425μm、少なくとも約450μm、少なくとも約475μm、又は少なくとも約500μmのバックウェブを備えることができる。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、正極とセパレータの間に配置される多孔体である。本実施の形態に係る不織布を使用することで、PSоCでの充放電における成層化、及び正極活物質の脱落を抑制することができる。繊維の絡み合いによって強度が高まる観点から、不織布は繊維を含む。繊維としては、無機繊維、芯鞘型繊維、有機繊維(芯鞘型繊維を除く)等、種々の形態の繊維を用いることができる。フィラーを繊維と複合して用いることによって、細孔を作ることができる観点、及び/又は複数の繊維間の空隙部分にフィラーを保持して不織布の細孔径を制御することで、硫酸イオンの沈降の抑制又は正極活物質の保持に寄与する観点から、不織布はフィラーを含む。フィラーとしては、無機粒子、有機粒子、及び有機-無機複合粒子から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つを用いることができる。中でも、有機粒子及び有機-無機複合粒子は、無機粒子と比較して、一般的に密度が低く、粉体取り扱い時に飛散し易いことが多い。したがって、取り扱い性の観点からは、無機粒子が、粉体取り扱い時に空間中に粒子が飛散し難いため好ましい。なお、本発明に係る不織布は、上記セパレータより大きい最大孔径を有する点で、上記セパレータとは区別される。また、本発明に係る不織布は、鉛蓄電池における使用時に正極とセパレータの間に配置されることを満たす限り、電極の製造中に、電極の表面に貼り付けて使用することもできる。
[繊維]
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、不織布が繊維の絡み合いによって強度が高まる観点、及び/又は上記で説明された粒子を複数の繊維間に保持して細孔径を小さくする観点から、繊維を含む。これらの観点から、繊維は、無機繊維と有機繊維のいずれも用いることができる。なお、本明細書における繊維径は、不織布に含まれる繊維に関して、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)による不織布の断面観察を行うことで観察される繊維の繊維径Φ(μm)である。繊維断面が真円ではない場合の繊維径Φは、繊維断面の内接円の直径をΦ1(μm)とし、繊維断面の外接円の直径をΦ2(μm)として、下記式:
Φ=(Φ1+Φ2)/2
より求めるものとする。また、本明細書における平均繊維径は、不織布の断面観察で無作為にセパレータから選定した50本の繊維に関して、上記手法で各々の繊維径Φを求め、該50本分の繊維径の相加平均値より求める値である。例えば、無機繊維の平均繊維径とは、上記観察で無作為に選定した50本の無機繊維に関して、上記手法で各々の繊維径Φを求め、該50本分の無機繊維径より求める相加平均値である。
無機繊維の材料の例としては、ガラス繊維、アルミナ繊維等を使用することで、不織布と電解液である希硫酸との濡れ性が向上し、電解液が不織布内部に浸透し易くなる。その結果、鉛蓄電池の充電時に電極から発生する酸素及び水素ガスが、不織布内に保持されることを抑制し、電気抵抗の上昇を抑制することができる。この観点から、また、鉛蓄電池の成層化を抑制する観点から、本実施の形態に係る不織布は、無機繊維を含んでいることが好ましく、中でも、ガラス繊維又はアルミナ繊維を含んでいることが好ましい。ガラス繊維の中でも、鉛蓄電池の電解液である希硫酸に対する耐酸性に優れた組成(例えば、Cガラス組成)を使用することが好ましい。また、繊維同士の絡み合いによる不織布の膜強度向上の観点から、ウール状のガラス繊維を使用することが好ましい。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、有機繊維を含むことが好ましく、有機繊維として、耐酸性に優れ安価なポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)繊維、ポリ-1,3-トリメチレンテレフタレート(PTT)繊維、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)繊維、カーボン繊維、ポリオレフィン繊維(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン)、耐熱性に優れたPA9T等のポリアミド繊維、セルロース繊維等が例示できる。本発明の効果を奏する範囲内で、これらの例示以外の有機繊維を使用することも可能である。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、芯鞘型繊維を含むことが好ましい。芯鞘型繊維が不織布内部で三次元的網目構造を形成し、かつ該網目構造は鞘の融解成分によって強固に結着される為、高い耐熱性、特に希硫酸中での高い耐熱性(重量保持性、及び形状保持性)を示す。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、次の3つの観点から、フィラーを含むことが好ましい:
(i)フィラーを本実施の形態に係る不織布と複合化することによって、細孔を作ることができる観点;
(ii)複数の繊維間の空隙部分にフィラーを保持して不織布の細孔径を小さくすることで、充放電サイクル中に活物質を保持して脱落を抑制する観点;及び
(iii)デンドライトショート又は活物質が不織布に入り込むことによる短絡を抑制する観点。
上記(i)~(iii)の観点から、不織布用フィラーとしては、無機粒子、有機粒子、及び有機-無機複合粒子のいずれでも用いることができる。有機粒子及び有機-無機複合粒子は、無機粒子と比較して一般的に密度が低いことが多い為、粉体取り扱い時に空間中に粒子が飛散し難い無機粒子であることが好ましい。また、不織布用フィラーは、無機粒子の場合には、上記で説明されたセパレータに適したフィラーと同じでもよい。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、上記繊維の有機成分、及び上記粒子の有機成分を除いた有機成分としての樹脂を含有することが好ましい。不織布用樹脂は、不織布中で粒子形状を持っていない点において、上述された粒子と区別することができる。樹脂成分が、一連の湿式抄造プロセスの加熱乾燥工程等で融解し、粒子又は繊維と結着することで、微細な多孔構造を持つ不織布を作製することができる。また、樹脂成分が、一連の湿式抄造プロセスの加熱乾燥工程等で融解し、不織布の細孔の大部分を埋めてしまうと、不織布を電極間に備える鉛蓄電池の電気抵抗が上昇する。樹脂成分の加熱時流動性を抑制することで不織布内に細孔を残し、低い電気抵抗を維持することができる。不織布に微細な多孔構造を形成する観点、及び、樹脂成分の加熱時流動性を抑制することで多孔体に細孔を残し、不織布を鉛蓄電池の電極間に使用した時に希硫酸中で低い電気抵抗を低く維持する観点から、本実施の形態に係る樹脂は、以下に例示するものが好ましい。
1/Tg=W1/Tg1+W2/Tg2+・・・
{式中、
Tg:単量体1、単量体2、・・・よりなる共重合体の計算ガラス転移温度(K);
W1、W2・・・:単量体1、単量体2、・・・の共重合体中の質量分率(W1+W2+・・・=1);
Tg1、Tg2・・・:単量体1、単量体2、・・・のホモ重合体のガラス転移温度(K)}
不織布は、任意の方法で製造することができ、例えば、繊維、樹脂、フィラーを含むスラリーを湿式抄造プロセスで作製できる。スラリーは、凝集剤及び/又は分散剤、その他の抄紙で利用される添加剤を含んでもよい。また、湿式抄造プロセスでスラリー中での繊維の水分散性を高める為、不織布の製造に使用する各種繊維に適した分散剤をスラリーに添加してもよい。また、予め各種繊維表面に、界面活性剤成分を付着させておくことで、水分散性を向上させることも可能である。その他の製造方法としては、繊維を主体とする多孔体を予め作製しておき、該多孔体を樹脂及び/又は無機粒子を含むスラリーに含浸・乾燥させることによっても不織布を作製可能である。最大孔径の小さい不織布を作製する観点から、繊維や粒子の材料は、分散媒中において十分な撹拌によって均一性を高めておくことが好ましい。代替的には、該多孔体に、樹脂及び/又は無機粒子を含むスラリーを塗工することで不織布を作製することもできる。
本実施の形態に係る鉛蓄電池において、不織布の細孔内部に電解液を保持することで成層化を抑制することを考慮すると、不織布の厚み(T)は、100μm以上、又は100μm超過であることが好ましく、より好ましくは110μm以上であり、更に好ましくは120μm以上であり、より更に好ましくは130μm以上であり、なお更に好ましくは140μm以上であり、特に好ましくは150μm以上であり、最も好ましくは160μm以上、170μm以上、又は180μm以上である。また、限られた電槽の空間内に不織布を配置すること、及び電池反応におけるイオン伝導性を確保することを考慮すると、不織布の厚みは、1300μm以下、又は1300μm未満であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1200μm以下であり、又はより好ましくは1200μm未満であり、更に好ましくは1100μm以下であり、又は更に好ましくは1000μm以下であり、より更に好ましくは900μm以下であり、なお更に好ましくは800μm以下であり、特に好ましくは700μm以下であり、最も好ましくは、600μm以下、550μm以下、500μm以下、450μm以下、430μm以下、又は410μm以下である。なお、本明細書における厚みは、不織布の断面SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)観察を行い、該観察部の中から異なる5つの領域に関して厚みを測定した際の、5領域の厚みの相加平均値と定義する。SEM観察の詳細な条件は、実施例において後述される。
本実施の形態に係る不織布は、不織布の細孔で正極活物質を保持することで正極活物質の脱落を抑制すること、及びデンドライトショート又は活物質がセパレータに入り込むことによる電気的短絡を抑制することを考慮すると、不織布の平均流量孔径は、25μm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20μm以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは18μm以下であり、より更に好ましくは15μm以下であり、なお更に好ましくは13μm以下であり、特に好ましくは10μm以下であり、最も好ましくは、8μm以下、5μm以下、4μm以下、3μm以下、又は2μm以下である。また、イオン伝導度を確保することを考慮すると、不織布の平均流量孔径は、0.05μm以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1μm以上であり、更に好ましくは0.2μm以上であり、より更に好ましくは0.3μm以上であり、なお更に好ましくは0.4μm以上であり、特に好ましくは0.5μm以上であり、最も好ましくは、0.6μm以上、0.7μm以上、0.8μm以上、0.9μm以上、1.0μm以上、1.2μm以上、又は1.5μm以上である。不織布の平均流量孔径は、例えば、上記で説明されたフィラー及び樹脂を用いて不織布を形成すること等により上記の数値範囲内に調整されることができる。
本実施の形態に係る不織布の孔径は限定されるものではない。しかしながら、不織布の細孔で正極活物質を保持することで正極活物質の脱落を抑制すること、及び/又は、デンドライトショート又は活物質がセパレータに入り込むことによる電気的短絡を抑制する観点から、不織布の最大孔径は、30μm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは25μm以下であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは20μm以下であり、より更に好ましくは18μm以下であり、なお更に好ましくは15μm以下であり、特に好ましくは13μm以下であり、最も好ましくは、10μm以下、9μm以下、8μm以下、7μm以下、又は6μm以下である。また、イオン伝導度を確保する観点から、不織布の最大孔径は、0.5μm以上であることが好ましく、又は0.5μm超過であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.8μm以上であり、更に好ましくは1.0μm以上であり、より更に好ましくは1.1μm以上であり、なお更に好ましくは1.2μm以上であり、特に好ましくは1.3μm以上であり、最も好ましくは、1.4μm以上、1.5μm以上、1.6μm以上、1.8μm以上、1.9μm以上、2.0μm以上、2.2μm以上であり、2.5μm以上、又は3.0μm以上である。
セパレータの断面SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)観察を行い、倍率200倍の条件下、セパレータのベース部を基点とした時の、該セパレータが持つリブの頂点までの高さを、セパレータ面内の異なる5領域に関して測定し、該5領域の高さの相加平均値を表1に記載した。単位はμmである。
不織布の断面SEM観察を行い、倍率200倍の条件下、不織布面内の異なる5領域に関して厚み(膜厚)を測定し、該5領域の厚みの相加平均値を表1に記載した。単位はμmである。
セパレータの表面SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)観察を行い、倍率40倍の条件下、有効範囲4mm×3mmとして、セパレータを平面視したときのリブ凸部の面積A、及びベース部の面積Bを計測して、A/(A+B)を算出した。なお、本明細書における有効範囲とは、顕微鏡使用時における観察可能範囲を意味する。
測定装置にはPMI社のパームポロメーター(型式:CFP-1500AL)を用いた。本装置では、不織布を被測定サンプルとして使用し、表面張力が既知の試験液で不織布の全細孔が満たされた状態で圧縮空気を流し、不織布の細孔径を測定する。試験液として、最大孔径100μm未満の被測定サンプルのためにはPMI社製のGalwick液を、最大孔径100μm以上の被測定サンプルのためには純水を用いた。先ず、25mmΦに切り抜いた不織布を試験液に浸し、余分な試験液を除いた後、測定を行った。試験液で満たされた細孔を空気が透過する時の圧力と、試験液の表面張力とから、当該細孔の孔径が計算可能であり、計算には以下の式が用いられる。
dpore = C・γ/P
{ここで、dporeは、不織布の細孔径であり、γは、試験液の表面張力であり、Pは、当該孔径を空気が透過する最小空気圧であり、そしてCは、定数である}
まず、試験液に浸漬した不織布に掛ける圧力Pを連続的に増加させた時の空気流量(濡れ流量)を測定する。測定当初は、不織布の全細孔が試験液で満たされている状態であるために空気流量は0であるが、圧力が増大するに従い、やがて最大の孔径を持つ細孔から空気が透過するようになり、正の空気流量が初めて観測される(この時点をバブルポイントという)。本発明における最大孔径dmaxは、バブルポイントにおいて導出された不織布の細孔径を意味する。表1に、dmaxの測定結果を記載した。単位はμmである。
上記<最大孔径>測定において、バブルポイント以降、圧力を更に上げるに従って空気流量は増加し、不織布が乾いた状態の空気流量(乾き流量)に近付いていく。最も小さな細孔が開通した時点以降の空気流量は、乾き流量と完全に一致する。本測定方法においては、或る空気圧力における濡れ流量を、同一圧力における乾き流量で除した値を、累積フィルター流量(単位:%)として定義する。累積フィルター流量が50%となる空気圧力において開通する細孔径を、本発明では平均流量孔径dmeanと定義する。表1に、dmeanの測定結果を記載した。単位はμmである。
ポリカーボネート製電槽、酸化鉛正極1枚、及び鉛負極1枚と、必要に応じて、後述されるセパレータ及び/又は不織布とを用いて鉛蓄電池(定格容量6Ah、2V単セル)を組み立てて、比重1.28の希硫酸を電解液として注入した。この鉛蓄電池を用いて、規格75073: 2012-07に準拠してPSоCでの鉛蓄電池の充放電サイクル試験を実施し、成層化進行度を評価した。充放電サイクル試験の具体的な条件は、25℃において、以下の(1)に示す初放電を行った後、(2)~(3)を1サイクルとして繰り返した。
(1)初放電:電流値1.2A(0.2C)、150分間の定電流放電
(2)充電:電流値2.1A(0.35C)、電圧値2.4V、40分間の定電流-定電圧充電
(3)放電:電流値2.1A(0.35C)、電圧値1.75V、30分間の定電流-定電圧放電
ポリカーボネート製電槽、酸化鉛正極1枚、及び鉛負極1枚と、必要に応じて、後述されるセパレータ及び/又は不織布とを用いて、鉛蓄電池(定格容量6Ah、2V単セル)を組み立てて、比重1.28の希硫酸を電解液として鉛蓄電池内に注入した。この鉛蓄電池を用いて、規格75073: 2012-07に準拠してPSоCでの鉛蓄電池の充放電サイクル試験を実施した。充放電サイクル試験の具体的な条件は、25℃において、以下の(1)に示す初放電を行った後、(2)~(3)を1サイクルとして、放電終端電圧が1.75Vを下回るまで繰り返し、その時のサイクル数を、PSоCサイクル寿命として求めた。
(1)初放電:電流値1.2A(0.2C)、150分間の定電流放電
(2)充電:電流値2.1A(0.35C)、電圧値2.4V、40分間の定電流-定電圧充電
(3)放電:電流値2.1A(0.35C)、電圧値1.75V、30分間の定電流-定電圧放電
なお、充放電サイクル中には、85サイクル毎に以下の(4)~(6)の充放電を実施し、再び上記(1)の初放電から開始することを繰り返した。
(4)充電:電流値0.6A(0.1C)、電圧値2.67V、18時間の定電流-定電圧充電
(カットオフ電流値:0.1A)
(5)放電:電流値0.3A(0.05C)、150分間の定電流放電
(カットオフ電圧値:1.75V)
(6)充電:電流値0.6A(0.1C)、電圧値2.67V、23時間の定電流-定電圧充電
(カットオフ電流値:0.1A)
表1には、後述する実施例1のPSоCサイクル寿命を100とした時の結果を記載した。
上述したPSоCサイクル寿命評価を実施し、放電終端電圧が1.75Vを下回って寿命に達した電池を解体した。電池から取り出された正極を目視で観察し、PSоCサイクルにおける正極活物質の保持性を評価した。PSоCサイクル寿命評価の前後で、正極の重量保持率が85%以上のものをA、正極の重量保持率が70%以上85%未満のものをB、正極の重量保持率が70%未満のものをCとして、表1に活物質保持性の評価結果を記載した。
セパレータとしては、ポリエチレン製セパレータ(バックウェブ厚み:300μm、鋸歯状リブ、リブ高さ:400μm、最大孔径:120nm、A/(A+B):0.08)を用いた。長方形にカットしたセパレータ片の長辺方向で半分に折り、折った辺と直交する方向に沿うセパレータの両端部を封止することで、袋状のセパレータを作製した。この時、リブが袋の内側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ。
不織布を使用せず、セパレータのみで評価を行った点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例1と同じである。
不織布について、実施例1と同じ配合比で生成物スラリーを作製し、抄紙機のシートへ転写するスラリーを増量することで厚みを増加させた点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例1と同じである。
実施例5において、リブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点、及び、折り返した不織布片が挿入された袋状セパレータへ挿入する電極を負極に変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例5と同じである。
実施例5において、セパレータのリブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例5と同じである。
不織布を、ガラスマットに変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例1と同じである。
セパレータについて、ポリエチレン製セパレータ(リブ高さ120μm、A/(A+B):0.24)へ変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例1と同じである。
不織布について、実施例12と同じ配合比で生成物スラリーを作製し、抄紙機のシートへ転写するスラリーを増量することで厚みを増加させた点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例12と同じである。
実施例15において、リブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点、及び、折り返した不織布片が挿入された袋状セパレータへ挿入する電極を負極に変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例15と同じである。
実施例15において、セパレータのリブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例15と同じである。
セパレータについて、ポリエチレン製セパレータ(リブ高さ650μm、A/(A+B):0.04)へ変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例1と同じである。
不織布について、実施例21と同じ配合比で生成物スラリーを作製し、抄紙機のシートへ転写するスラリーを増量ないし減量することで厚みを増加又は減少させた点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例21と同じである。
実施例24において、リブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点、及び、折り返した不織布片が挿入された袋状セパレータへ挿入する電極を負極に変更した点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例24と同じである。
実施例24において、セパレータのリブが袋の外側となるようにセパレータを折り畳んだ点を除き、使用した材料、作製方法及び評価方法に関して実施例24と同じである。
2:端子
3:極柱
4:電極群(極板群)
5:正極
6:負極
7:セパレータ
8:不織布
100:セパレータ
101:上部エッジ
102:バックウェブ
103:下部エッジ
104:正極側リブ
105a、105b:側面エッジ
106:リブ高さ
107:バックウェブ厚み
Claims (17)
- 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極の間に介在するセパレータと、
前記正極と前記セパレータとの間に配置され、繊維とフィラーとを含む不織布と
を備え、
前記セパレータは、ベース部から凸状に形成されたリブを前記正極側に備え、
前記不織布の厚みTと、前記ベース部を基点とした前記リブの頂点までの高さRとの関係T/Rが、0.10以上かつ11以下である鉛蓄電池。 - 前記不織布の平均流量孔径が、25μm以下である、請求項1に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布の平均流量孔径が、0.05μm以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータを平面視したときの有効範囲での、凸状部の面積をA、前記ベース部の面積をBとしたとき、A/(A+B)が、0.01以上0.4以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布の最大孔径が、30μm以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布の最大孔径が、0.5μm以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布の厚みが、100μm以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布の厚みが、100μm以上1300μm以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記不織布は、アクリル系樹脂、及び/又はスチレン系樹脂を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記アクリル系樹脂、及び/又は前記スチレン系樹脂が、シラン化合物を含む、請求項9に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記アクリル系樹脂、及び/又は前記スチレン系樹脂の100質量部に対して、前記シラン化合物中のケイ素(Si)が、0質量部超過6質量部以下である、請求項10に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、多孔質膜であり、そして前記多孔質膜が、鋸歯状リブ、傾斜リブ、破断リブ、直線リブ、エンボス、突起、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群のうちの1つであるリブを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、袋状であり、前記正極又は前記負極を収容している、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、前記負極を収容している、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、前記正極を収容している、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記繊維は、有機繊維を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記フィラーは、無機粒子を含む、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の鉛蓄電池。
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| CN202180026153.1A CN115362597A (zh) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-19 | 铅蓄电池 |
| JP2022511930A JP7314405B2 (ja) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-19 | 鉛蓄電池 |
| US17/799,983 US20230145483A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-19 | Lead Storage Battery |
| EP21779507.9A EP4131625A4 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-19 | LEAD BATTERY |
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| JP2020060528 | 2020-03-30 | ||
| JP2020-060528 | 2020-03-30 | ||
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| JP2020126309 | 2020-07-27 |
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| EP (1) | EP4131625A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7314405B2 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2024044862A (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-04-02 | エナジーウィズ株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池 |
| WO2024162345A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | 旭化成株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池用セパレータ、およびこれを用いた鉛蓄電池 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118836660B (zh) * | 2024-09-10 | 2024-11-19 | 陵县旭日化工有限责任公司 | 一种催化剂制备用载体干燥装置 |
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| JP2024044862A (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-04-02 | エナジーウィズ株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池 |
| WO2024162345A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | 旭化成株式会社 | 鉛蓄電池用セパレータ、およびこれを用いた鉛蓄電池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4131625A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| JPWO2021200290A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
| US20230145483A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
| CN115362597A (zh) | 2022-11-18 |
| EP4131625A4 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
| JP7314405B2 (ja) | 2023-07-25 |
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