WO2021204165A1 - 熔断器和电路系统 - Google Patents

熔断器和电路系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021204165A1
WO2021204165A1 PCT/CN2021/085832 CN2021085832W WO2021204165A1 WO 2021204165 A1 WO2021204165 A1 WO 2021204165A1 CN 2021085832 W CN2021085832 W CN 2021085832W WO 2021204165 A1 WO2021204165 A1 WO 2021204165A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt
conductive terminal
disconnected
fuse
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/085832
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石晓光
戈西斌
王伟
曹辉
王宁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Xian Zhongrong Electric Co Ltd
Priority to US17/799,745 priority Critical patent/US12131880B2/en
Priority to ES21784797T priority patent/ES3031308T3/es
Priority to KR1020227025366A priority patent/KR102855941B1/ko
Priority to JP2022542072A priority patent/JP7395003B2/ja
Priority to EP21784797.9A priority patent/EP4075472B1/en
Publication of WO2021204165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021204165A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/18—Casing fillings, e.g. powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/0039—Means for influencing the rupture process of the fusible element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/12—Two or more separate fusible members in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of circuit protection, and in particular to a fuse and a circuit system.
  • Fuse is a common circuit overcurrent protection product. Generally, when a large current flows through the fuse of a fuse, it is blown due to the heat generated by the current. The load matching relationship of this type of thermal fuse is difficult to determine. If a low-current specification fuse is selected, it cannot meet the current short-term overshoot situation, and if a high-current specification fuse is selected, it cannot meet the requirements of fast protection.
  • the prior art provides a fuse disconnected by mechanical impact, which includes: a housing surrounded to form a mounting cavity; a fuse piece arranged in the mounting cavity; and a cut-off component configured to be fused when subjected to an external force The slice is cut off.
  • the fuse broken by the mechanical shock cuts the fuse link by external force.
  • the problem in the prior art is that a large number of arcs are easily generated when the fuse is disconnected by an impact, and the safety performance is poor.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a fuse and a circuit system, so as to quickly cut off the circuit without arc leakage, increase the upper limit of the protection current, and extend the lower limit of the protection current to zero current.
  • the present application provides a fuse, including: a housing, a closed cavity is arranged in the housing, an arc extinguishing filler is filled in the enclosed cavity, and the housing is connected to serve as a current input terminal and a current output, respectively The first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal at the end; the melt is connected in series between the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal, and is at least partially penetrated in the enclosed chamber; the impact device is arranged in the The housing is located outside the enclosed cavity and is configured to act to generate an impact force on the melt when an excitation signal is received, so that the melt is disconnected in the enclosed cavity.
  • the number of the closed chambers is multiple, and each of the closed chambers is provided with a corresponding melt, which is respectively inserted between the multiple melts of the multiple closed chambers in series or in parallel.
  • a plurality of parallel-connected melts are penetrated in the enclosed cavity, and the plurality of parallel-connected melts are arranged as melts that are disconnected first and melts that are disconnected later.
  • the fuse further includes a melt punch, the melt punch is dynamically sealed on the outer wall of the closed chamber, and one end is linked with the impact device, and the other end is connected with the The previously disconnected melt is opposed to each other, and is configured to move and break the previously disconnected melt when the impact device operates.
  • the melt to be broken later is provided with a zigzag section, which is configured to break after being extended to a prescribed length.
  • the meandering section has an S-shaped wave structure or a spiral structure.
  • a weak point is provided at a part of the melt located in the enclosed chamber, so that the melt is disconnected at the weak point when the melt is impacted.
  • the structure of the weak point is a perforation or a groove for breaking.
  • the impact device includes: a drive element and an impact element, the drive element is configured to drive the impact element to move when an excitation signal is received, the excitation signal being an excitation signal emitted when a fault current is detected or In response to an excitation signal sent out by a user's operation; the impact member is configured to generate a pulling force on the melt when it is actuated, so that the melt is disconnected under the action of the pulling force.
  • the number of the closed chambers is two, and the melt includes a first melt and a second melt respectively penetrating through the two closed chambers; the impact device is located in the two closed chambers. Between the closed chambers.
  • the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal are inserted into the housing from both sides of the housing, and the fuse further includes a connecting conductive terminal arranged in the housing, so The first melt is connected between the first conductive terminal and the connecting conductive terminal, and the second melt is connected between the second conductive terminal and the connecting conductive terminal; the impact device is connected to The connecting conductive terminals are opposed to each other, and are configured to impact movement of the connecting conductive terminal to disconnect the melt.
  • the fuse further includes a guide member configured to guide the impact device and the connecting conductive terminal.
  • the second conductive terminal includes a disconnected portion, and the disconnected portion is opposed to the first conductive terminal at intervals; one end of the first melt and the second melt is connected to the first melt A conductive terminal, the other end is connected to the disconnection part; the impact device is opposite to the disconnection part, and is configured to impact the movement of the disconnection part to disconnect the melt.
  • an opening is provided in the closed chamber, and a sealing plug is provided in the opening, and the melt passes through the sealing plug into the closed chamber or exits from the closed chamber .
  • the arc-quenching filler is a solid arc-quenching filler such as silica.
  • the present application also provides a circuit system, including the fuse described in any one of the above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fuse provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the fuse provided by an embodiment of the application in a normal working state
  • Figure 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the fuse provided by the embodiment of the application when it is disconnected;
  • FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of the optional fuse provided in an embodiment of the application in a normal working state
  • Fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the optional fuse provided in the embodiment of the present application in a normal working state
  • FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the optional fuse provided by the embodiment of the application when it is disconnected;
  • FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of an optional fuse provided in an embodiment of the application when it is disconnected;
  • Fig. 8 is a front cross-sectional view of an optional fuse provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a fuse, including: a housing, inside which is provided a closed chamber, the closed chamber is filled with an arc extinguishing filler, and the housing is connected with a first conductive terminal serving as a current input terminal and a current output terminal.
  • the terminal and the second conductive terminal the melt, which is connected in series between the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal, and at least partially penetrates the enclosed cavity;
  • the impact device is arranged in the shell and located outside the enclosed cavity, and is configured to When an excitation signal (also called a trigger signal) is received, the action generates an impact force on the melt to disconnect the melt in the enclosed chamber.
  • the melt In normal use, the melt is connected between the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal to conduct current. When the current is too large and too much heat is generated, the melt will fuse, which is a general thermal fuse process.
  • the impact device can also receive an excitation signal to act and generate an impact force on the melt to disconnect the melt. This is a mechanical impact disconnection process.
  • a closed chamber filled with arc extinguishing filler is arranged in the shell, the melt is disconnected in the arc extinguishing filler, and sparks and arcs generated at the disconnection are quickly extinguished without leakage, and the safety is high.
  • the fuse provided by the embodiment is provided with an impact device to cause the melt to be disconnected under the impact of the impact, which can be free from the limitation of the fuse current, and can realize rapid cutting under different currents or even zero current.
  • the melt disconnection position is in the arc extinguishing filler environment, sparks, arcs, etc. are quickly extinguished, will not leak, and the safety is high.
  • the impact device generates an impact force outside the closed chamber to cause the melt to be disconnected in the closed chamber, and the arc extinguishing filler and the impact device play a role without interference with each other, and the stability is strong.
  • the above-mentioned arc-quenching filler may be a solid arc-quenching filler such as silica.
  • the melt can be various forms of thermal fuse conductors such as fuse or fuse, as long as it can be disconnected under force.
  • the melt is at least partially located in the enclosed chamber. That is, the melt may be all located in the closed chamber; or partly located in the closed chamber and partly located outside the closed chamber.
  • the specific arrangement of the melt is not limited in the embodiments, as long as it can ensure that the melt is disconnected in the closed chamber.
  • a weak point is provided at a location where the melt is located in the enclosed chamber, so that the melt is broken at the weak point when the melt is impacted.
  • the up-down direction shown in Figures 1-8 is taken as the length direction of the melt, and the width direction of the melt is perpendicular to the up-down direction and is located in the horizontal plane.
  • the above-mentioned weak points can be obtained by opening several holes in the melt at intervals along the width direction, or by providing break grooves distributed along the width direction, and the length of the break grooves is the same as the width of the melt.
  • the groove for breaking can be V-shaped, U-shaped or other shapes that facilitate the breaking, as long as the thickness can be thinned and weak spots can be generated.
  • the groove for disconnection can be formed by various processing methods, such as spot welding, crimping, shrapnel contact, riveting, pre-filled fracture and other processing methods. On the one hand, it can facilitate the melt to be disconnected under the impact force, and on the other hand, it can ensure that the disconnection position is located in the closed chamber, and the arc extinguishing filler plays the role of arc extinguishing.
  • the number of closed chambers is multiple, and each closed chamber is provided with a corresponding melt, which is respectively connected in series or in parallel between the multiple melts of the multiple closed chambers.
  • the number of closed chambers and the connection mode of the melt can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and different numbers of closed chambers and melts can be set according to actual needs, as well as the connection mode between different melts, and the application range is wider.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show a situation where the number of closed chambers is two, and the melts in the two closed chambers are connected in series.
  • Figures 4 to 7 show a situation where the number of closed chambers is two, and the melts in the two closed chambers are connected in parallel.
  • a plurality of melts connected in parallel are penetrated in each closed cavity.
  • the current and force acting on each melt can be reduced, so that the fuse state in the normal working state is relatively stable and can withstand a larger current.
  • the number of melts connected in parallel in the closed chamber can be adaptively set according to actual requirements, which is not limited.
  • each closed chamber can have 3, 5, 10 melts in parallel.
  • two melts connected in parallel may be provided in each closed chamber, and the two melts are set as the melt that is disconnected first and the melt that is disconnected later.
  • the current and force acting on each melt can be reduced, so that the fuse state in the normal working state is more stable.
  • the melt that is disconnected later can be more easily disconnected under the dual action of the thermal fuse effect of the current increase and the impact device, which not only makes the overall current that the melt can withstand during normal operation is larger, but also And when it is disconnected, it is disconnected in sequence, which is easier to realize disconnection, which can reduce power consumption and improve the large current breaking capacity. See Figure 8 for details.
  • the fuse also includes a melt punch.
  • the melt punch is dynamically sealed on the outer wall of the closed chamber, and one end is linked with the impact device, and the other end is opposite to the previously disconnected melt.
  • the impact device moves and breaks the melt that was previously disconnected.
  • the previously disconnected melt can be broken through the impact action of the melt punch, and the mechanical shock disconnection response is faster.
  • the part of the melt punch opposite to the melt that was previously disconnected may be arrow-shaped or other structures that facilitate force to cut the melt.
  • the melt punch can be opposed to the weak point in the melt that was previously disconnected.
  • the melt that is broken later is provided with a zigzag section, which is configured to break after being extended to a prescribed length.
  • This setting is such that the melt that is disconnected later will be stretched to a specified length when impacted, and there will be a certain buffer time between the melt that is later disconnected and the melt that has been disconnected first. Ensure that the melts connected in parallel in the closed chamber can be disconnected one after the other.
  • the zigzag section can be an S-shaped wave structure, or a spiral structure, etc., as long as it can be extended when a force is applied.
  • the melt that is disconnected later will be stretched to the specified length when it is impacted, and there will be a certain buffer time between the melt that is disconnected later and the melt that has been disconnected first to ensure that it is closed.
  • the melts connected in parallel in the chamber can be disconnected one after the other.
  • the cross-sectional size of the melt that is disconnected earlier may be larger than that of the melt that is disconnected later, so that the melt that is disconnected earlier bears a larger current in the normal working state.
  • the melt that is disconnected later can be quickly disconnected due to the double action of the thermal fuse effect of the current increase and the pulling force.
  • the cross-sectional size of the melt that is disconnected later is smaller, the contact with the arc extinguishing filler is more sufficient, and the arc extinguishing effect when disconnected is better. This setting can reduce power consumption and improve the large current breaking capacity.
  • the shell may include a first sub-shell and a second sub-shell, and the first sub-shell and the second sub-shell are joined to form a shell.
  • the first sub-housing and the second sub-housing can be assembled together by a detachable connection, for example, assembled and fixed by bolts.
  • the closed cavity can be independently arranged in the first sub-housing and the second sub-housing.
  • the closed chamber may include a first part and a second part respectively located in the first sub-housing and the second sub-housing, and the first sub-housing and the second sub-housing are connected to form a complete closed chamber. This arrangement can facilitate the filling of the arc extinguishing filler in the closed chamber, and the melt can be replaced after the melt is disconnected, so that the fuse can be reused.
  • an opening may be provided on the closed chamber, and a sealing plug may be provided in the opening, and the melt can pass through the sealing plug into the closed chamber or pass out of the closed chamber.
  • the sealing plug By setting the sealing plug as the channel through which the melt passes, the melt is not affected by the force to be broken, and the sealing performance can be ensured, so that the arc extinguishing filler will not flow out when the melt is pulled.
  • the impact device includes: a drive member and an impact member, the drive member is configured to drive the impact member to act when an excitation signal is received, and the excitation signal is an excitation signal issued when a fault current is detected or an excitation signal issued in response to a user operation ;
  • the impact member is configured to generate a pulling force on the melt during action to make the melt disconnect under the pulling force.
  • the driving member can act in response to the generation of a fault current or a user operation to drive the impact member to move and impact the melt, so that the melt can be disconnected under the excitation signal.
  • the excitation signal can be an electrical excitation signal, a magnetic excitation signal or other excitation signals, and so on.
  • the excitation signal can be sent when the controller detects the fault current, or it can be sent after the controller receives the user's operation.
  • the driving parts can be pneumatic, hydraulic or electric driving parts such as air cylinders, hydraulic cylinders or motors, which are not limited, as long as they can drive the impact parts to generate impact force.
  • the impact member may be a moving mechanical member such as a piston, an impact block, a slider, or a fluid (for example, gas or liquid) module (that is, a gas/liquid bag wrapped with gas or liquid). It is understandable that, when the impact member is a fluid module, a fluid chamber with good sealing performance should be arranged in the shell, so that the fluid module is deformed and transmitted torque by force.
  • a fluid module for example, gas or liquid module
  • a finite element may be provided in the housing, which is configured to keep the impact element at a preset position under normal working conditions.
  • a cavity may be provided in the housing, and the impact device may be provided in the cavity.
  • the side wall of the cavity can be provided with a limit groove, and the impact member can be provided with a limit protrusion, and the limit protrusion is embedded in the limit groove to keep the impact member at a preset position under normal working conditions.
  • the limiting protrusion can be disconnected when the impact member is impacted, and will not hinder the movement of the impact member.
  • a guide member may be provided in the housing, configured to guide the impact member so that the impact member moves in a preset direction.
  • the guide member may be a guide rod, and the impact member is sleeved on the guide rod.
  • the guide member may be a guide chute, and the impact member is arranged in the guide chute, and both can play a guiding role.
  • the number of closed chambers may be one or more.
  • the melt is connected between the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal, and part of it is located in the closed chamber and part is located outside the closed chamber.
  • the impact device can be located in the closed chamber with the melt. The parts outside the chamber are opposite, generating pressure on the melt and breaking the melt at the weak points located in the enclosed chamber.
  • the number of closed chambers is two, and the melt includes a first melt and a second melt respectively passing through the two closed chambers; the impact device is located between the two closed chambers.
  • the impact device generates an impact force between the two closed chambers, so that the first melt and the second melt are separately disconnected in the two closed chambers, the force is more uniform, and the melt disconnection process is more stable. More controllability.
  • the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal are respectively inserted into the housing from both sides of the housing, and the fuse further includes a connecting conductive terminal arranged in the housing, and the first melt is connected to the first conductive terminal and the conductive terminal.
  • the second melt is connected between the second conductive terminal and the connection conductive terminal;
  • the impact device is opposite to the connection conductive terminal and is configured to impact the connection conductive terminal to move to disconnect the melt.
  • the conductive terminal is connected by impact, and the melt is broken by the connected conductive terminal, the structure is relatively stable, the force is distributed evenly during impact, and the safety and stability are high.
  • the second conductive terminal includes a disconnected portion, and the disconnected portion is opposite to the first conductive terminal; one end of the first melt and the second melt is connected to the first conductive terminal, and the other end is connected to the disconnected portion;
  • the impact device is opposite to the breaking part, and is configured to move the impact breaking part to break the melt.
  • the first melt and the second melt are arranged in parallel, which can delay disconnection, thereby reducing power consumption and improving large current breaking capacity.
  • the housing is formed by hermetically combining the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2 arranged on the left and right.
  • the upper part of the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2 are respectively provided with partial accommodating cavities for accommodating the first conductive terminal 3 and the second conductive terminal 4.
  • the first conductive terminal 3 and the second conductive terminal 4 are inserted into the accommodating cavity, which are respectively located on two sides of the housing and opposite to each other.
  • the combined shell can be fixed by screws.
  • a first cavity 12 is opened in the housing between the first conductive terminal 3 and the second conductive terminal 4, and a second cavity 13 communicating with the first cavity 12 is opened in the housing below the first cavity 12.
  • the first cavity 12 and the second cavity can be divided into two parts, which are respectively opened in the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2, when the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2 are combined to form When housing, the separated partial cavities are subsequently combined to form a complete first cavity 12 and a second cavity.
  • the first cavity 12 and the second cavity may also be separately opened on the first sub-housing 1 or the second sub-housing 2.
  • a driving member 5 and a piston 6 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
  • the inner diameter of the part where the piston 6 is located is larger than the inner diameter of the part where the drive member 5 is located, and a transverse block is provided at a position between the piston 6 and the drive member 5 in the first cavity 12.
  • the position of the inner wall of the first cavity 12 opposite to the piston 6 is provided with a limiting groove 14, the piston 6 is provided with a limiting protrusion 15, and the limiting protrusion 15 on the piston 6 is clamped in the limiting groove 14.
  • the initial position of the piston 6 is limited.
  • the driving member 5 is a miniature pneumatic device, which can receive an excitation signal from the outside and release high-pressure gas, thereby driving the piston 6 to overcome the limiting effect and move downward.
  • Each closed chamber may include two parts located in the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2 respectively, and the first sub-housing 1 and the second sub-housing 2 are connected to form a complete closed chamber.
  • the first sub-housing 1 can be provided with a complete closed chamber
  • the second sub-housing 2 can be provided with another complete closed chamber, so that the assembled housing includes two opposite closed cavities. room.
  • the connecting conductive terminal 7 may be arranged in the second cavity and abut against the bottom surface of the enclosed cavity.
  • the piston 6 is located directly above the connecting conductive terminal 7.
  • a guide post 8 is provided in the second cavity.
  • the lower end of the guide post 8 is fixed on the bottom of the housing, and the upper end is fixed on the transverse block in the first cavity 12 between the piston 6 and the driving member 5.
  • the piston 6 and the connecting conductive terminal 7 are respectively sleeved on the guide post 8 and can move up and down along the guide post 8 under the action of external force.
  • the guide post 8 serves as a guide to guide the connecting conductive terminal 7 and the piston 6 to move smoothly downward along a prescribed path.
  • the guide member may also be a longitudinal guide groove arranged in the second cavity, and the connecting conductive terminal 7 and the piston 6 are respectively slidably arranged in the guide groove.
  • a first melt 9a and a second melt 9b are respectively penetrated in the enclosed cavity below the first conductive terminal 3 and the second conductive terminal 4, and the upper end of the first melt 9a located below the first conductive terminal 3 is connected to The first conductive terminal 3 is connected, and its lower end is connected to the connecting conductive terminal 7; the upper end of the second melt 9b located below the second conductive terminal 4 is connected to the second conductive terminal 4, and the lower end is connected to the connecting conductive terminal 7.
  • the first conductive terminal 3, the first melt 9a, the connecting conductive terminal 7, the second melt 9b, and the second conductive terminal 4 are connected in series to form the conductive structure of the entire fuse.
  • An arc extinguishing filler 10 is filled in each closed cavity.
  • the first melt 9a and the second melt 9b can be provided with a weak point 11, and the weak point 11 is located in a closed chamber to ensure that the arc generated after the first melt 9a and the second melt 9b are disconnected is in the arc extinguishing filler. Extinguish the arc in 10.
  • the piston 6 impacts the connecting conductive terminal 7 and drives the connecting conductive terminal 7 to move downward, it can ensure that the first melt 9a and the second melt 9b are disconnected for the first time, thereby disconnecting the circuit and protecting it.
  • the connecting conductive terminal 7 can be displaced downward along the guide post 8 to the bottom of the second cavity.
  • the space of the second cavity should at least meet the requirement that the fuse 9 can be broken when the conductive terminal 7 is moved.
  • the vehicle control system When the fuse is used on a vehicle, the vehicle is in a normal working state, the vehicle control system does not send out an excitation signal, and the drive member 5 is in a standby state. At this time, the current flows in from the first conductive terminal 3, sequentially passes through the first melt 9a, the connecting conductive terminal 7, and the second melt 9b, and flows out from the second conductive terminal 4.
  • the vehicle control system sends an excitation signal to the driving part 5, the driving part 5 works and pushes the piston 6, and the piston 6 drives the connecting conductive terminal 7 to move downwards, and the connecting conductive terminal 7 moves downwards
  • the first melt 9a and the second melt 9b are pulled, causing the first melt 9a and the second melt 9b to be disconnected from the weak point 11.
  • the arc generated at the fracture is aided by the surrounding arc extinguishing filler 10. Was quickly extinguished.
  • the connecting conductive terminal 7 with the broken melt 9 continues to move downward along the guide post 8 and stops at the bottom of the second cavity.
  • the vehicle circuit is cut off to complete the protection of the system circuit.
  • the product size is small, take the specific size as an example, the main body size (the main body size does not include the size of the overlapping copper bars on both sides, the same below) is 54mm (length) * 50mm (width) * 72mm (height) ), the designed rated voltage is 1000VDC, and the rated current is 400A. Since the partial resistance of the first and second melts 9a and 9b is less than 0.03m ⁇ , the overall resistance of the product is less than 0.1m ⁇ , and the heat loss power is less than 16W at a current of 400A. The overall weight of the product is less than 550g.
  • the current range that can be protected is 0-10000A, the action time is 2ms, and the action time is fixed, regardless of the magnitude of the fault current.
  • the impact resistance of 1500A/5ms can reach more than 100,000 times.
  • the fuse housing is composed of a first sub-housing 21 and a second sub-housing 22 arranged up and down.
  • the first conductive terminal 27 is inserted into the first sub-housing 21 located at the upper part
  • the second conductive terminal 23 is inserted into the second sub-housing 22 located at the lower part.
  • the first conductive terminal 27 and the second conductive terminal 23 include spaced opposite portions, and the disconnection portion 232 is provided on a portion of the second conductive terminal 23 opposite to the first conductive terminal 27.
  • the disconnected portion 232 can be obtained by providing a weak point 231 on the second conductive terminal 23, and the weakened portion 231 can be a perforation or a disconnection recess located at both ends of the disconnected portion 232 extending in the width direction of the second conductive terminal 23. Slot and other structures.
  • the shape of the groove for breaking may be V-shaped, U-shaped or other shapes.
  • the overall thickness of the disconnected portion 232 may be smaller than the thickness of other parts, and the disconnected portion 232 may also be separated from the second conductive terminal 23 when subjected to an impact.
  • a through cavity is opened on the first sub-housing 21, and a driving member 24 and a piston 25 (equivalent to an impact member) are sequentially arranged in the cavity from top to bottom.
  • the driving member 24 is fixed in the cavity by the limiting step and the pressing plate 26.
  • the cavity part of the first sub-housing 21 accommodating the driving member 24 protrudes above the first sub-housing 21, and the first conductive terminal 27 penetrates through
  • the protruding part of the first sub-housing 21 is fixed to the first sub-housing 21 by screws.
  • the piston 25 is fixed at the initial position in the cavity by the limiting groove 33 and the limiting protrusion 34.
  • the limiting groove 33 and the limiting protrusion 34 can be combined with the limiting groove 14 and the limiting groove 14 in FIGS. 1 to 3
  • the structure of the limiting bump 15 is the same.
  • the piston 25 is located directly above the disconnected portion 232 of the second conductive terminal 23.
  • Two closed chambers can be opened in the first sub-housing 21, the closed chamber can be provided with an opening, the opening is filled with a sealing plug 28, the first melt 30a and the second melt 30b pass through the sealing plug 28 and The second conductive terminal 23 is connected.
  • the sealing plug 28 can ensure the effective sealing of the melt 30 and the arc extinguishing filler 31, and at the same time allows the disconnected part to slide outward after the melt 30 is pulled off, and when the melt 30 is pulled out, the arc extinguishing filler 31 No obvious leakage.
  • the second conductive terminal 23 may be in contact with the bottom surface of the first sub-housing 21.
  • an insulating plate 29 may be provided between the contact surface of the second conductive terminal 23 and the first sub-housing 21.
  • the insulating plate 29 can prevent the sealing plug 28 from sliding outward, and can effectively assist the melt 30 to dissipate heat. When the melt 30 slides outward after the melt 30 is broken, it can assist in gas production and expand and squeeze the area to assist in arc extinguishing.
  • the second sub-shell 22 is provided with a cavity for the disconnection part 232 to drop down with the disconnected arc-extinguishing melt 30 after being disconnected, so that the disconnection part 232 can move downward to break the fuse. ⁇ 30.
  • the first melt 30 a passes through the insulating plate 29, a closed chamber and a sealing plug 28, the upper end is connected to a place of the first conductive terminal 27, and the lower end is connected to a place of the disconnection 232 on the second conductive terminal 23.
  • the second melt 30b passes through the insulating plate 29, the other closed chamber and the sealing plug 28 thereon, the upper end is connected to another part of the first conductive terminal 27, and the lower end is connected to the disconnection 232 on the second conductive terminal 23 Another connection.
  • the first melt 30 a and the second melt 30 b are connected in parallel between the first conductive terminal 27 and the second conductive terminal 23.
  • the first melt 30a may include a melt that is disconnected earlier and a melt that is disconnected in parallel
  • the second melt 30b may include a melt that is disconnected earlier and that is disconnected in parallel.
  • the cross-section of the melt can be made smaller, or more or larger fractures or narrows can be provided on the melt. Diameter, so that the melt is disconnected first when the force is applied.
  • the vehicle control system When the vehicle is in a normal working state, the vehicle control system does not send out an excitation signal, so the drive member 24 is in a standby state; at this time, the current flows in from the first conductive terminal 27 and passes through the first melt 30a and the second melt 30b in parallel. , Flows out from the second conductive terminal 23.
  • the vehicle control system sends an excitation signal to the driving part 24, the driving part 24 works and pushes the piston 25 to move downward, and the piston 25 hits the disconnection part 232 on the second conductive terminal 23, breaking The opening 232 is broken from the weak point 231; the disconnecting part 232 continues to move downward under the push of the piston 25, pulling the first melt 30a and the second melt 30b to disconnect from the weak point 231 during the movement.
  • the arc generated at the fracture of the first melt 30a and the second melt 30b is quickly extinguished with the help of the surrounding arc extinguishing filler 31.
  • the disconnection portion 232 continues to move downward with the disconnected melt 30, and finally stops at a predetermined position with the help of the second sub-shell 22.
  • the vehicle circuit is cut off to complete the protection of the system circuit.
  • the product size is small, take the main body size of 54mm (length) * 50mm (width) * 72mm (height) as an example, the design rated voltage is 1000VDC, and the rated current is 400A. Since the resistance of the melt 30 part is less than 0.03m ⁇ , and the parallel connection mode is adopted, the overall resistance of the product is expected to be less than 0.05m ⁇ , and its thermal damage power is 8W at a current of 400A. The overall weight of the product is less than 550g, the current range that can be protected is 0-10000A, the action time is 2ms, and the action time is fixed regardless of the magnitude of the fault current. The impact resistance of 1500A/5ms can reach more than 100,000 times.
  • the main body size of the traditional thermal fuse is 80mm (length) * 60mm (width) * 60mm (height), the resistance is about 0.180m ⁇ , and the current flow is 400A.
  • Working power is 28.8W.
  • the fuse weighs more than 700g.
  • the current range that can be protected is 2500-10000A, and the action time is between 1000-2ms. As the current increases, the action time decreases. Actions below 2500A cannot be guaranteed. 1500A/5ms impact resistance 500-1000 times.
  • the product resistance is 0.040m ⁇ , and the working power is 6.4W under 400A long-term current flow.
  • the weight of the product is 500g, and the main body size of the product is 70*70*110mm, which is too large.
  • the current range that can be protected is 0-10000A, the action time is 2ms, and the action time is fixed and has nothing to do with the magnitude of the fault current.
  • the impact resistance of 1500A/5ms is more than 100,000 times. Without auxiliary means, as the voltage increases, the volume of the product will increase significantly.
  • the resistance of the product is 0.040m ⁇ , and the working power is 6.4W under 400A long-term current flow.
  • the weight of the product is less than 550g, and the main body size of the product is 54*50*72mm.
  • the current range that can be protected is 1000A-20000A, the action time is 2ms, and the action time is fixed and has nothing to do with the magnitude of the fault current.
  • the impact resistance of 1500A/5ms is more than 100,000 times. This scheme is difficult to provide protection to the system from 0 to 1000A.
  • the fuse solution of the present application can effectively improve the performance of the excitation fuse. At the same time, there is no significant increase in cost.
  • the first conductive terminal 41 and the second conductive terminal 42 are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the upper part of the housing 43 at intervals.
  • the upper part of the housing 43 is provided with two closed cavities 46 opposite to each other, and the two closed cavities 46 are respectively located at the lower part of the first conductive terminal 41 and the second conductive terminal 42.
  • the closed chamber 46 on the left is bored with the first melt 48 that is disconnected earlier and the first melt 47 that is disconnected later
  • the closed chamber 46 on the right is bored with the first melt that is disconnected earlier.
  • the second melt 58 and the second melt 57 to be disconnected later.
  • the cavity at the lower part of the housing 43 is provided with a connecting conductive terminal 52.
  • the upper end of the first melt 48 that is disconnected first and the first melt 47 that is disconnected later are connected to the first conductive terminal 41, and the lower end is connected to the conductive terminal 41.
  • the left end of the terminal 52 is connected.
  • the upper ends of the second melt 58 that is disconnected first and the second melt 57 that are disconnected later are connected to the second conductive terminal 42 and the lower end is connected to the right end of the connected conductive terminal 52.
  • the first conductive terminal 41, the first melt 47, 48, the connecting conductive terminal 52, the second melt 57, 58, and the second conductive terminal 42 are sequentially connected in series.
  • the first melt 47, 48 includes two melts connected in parallel and disconnected one after another.
  • the second melt 57, 58 includes two melts connected in parallel and disconnected one after another.
  • the impact device includes a driving member 44 and a piston 45 (the piston 45 is used as the impact member in this embodiment), and the piston 45 is opposite to the connecting conductive terminal 52.
  • the side wall of the piston 45 is matched with the melt punch 51.
  • the driving piston 45 moves downward.
  • the melt punch 51 breaks the first melt 48 that was disconnected earlier.
  • the piston 45 continues to move downward. Since the first melt 47 disconnected later and the second melt 57 disconnected later are provided with a bend 50, the piston 45 pushes the connecting conductive terminal 52 to continue to move downward for a certain amount. The distance is such that when the first melt 47 disconnected later and the second melt 57 disconnected later are pulled, the fuse is completely disconnected.
  • the contact surface between the side wall of the piston 45 and the melt punch 51 may be an inclined surface, so that when the piston moves downward, the melt punch 51 is driven to move laterally to break the first melt 48 that was previously disconnected.
  • the first melt 48 is first broken by the melt punch 51 in the closed chamber 46, and no spark will occur in the arc extinguishing filler environment of the closed chamber 46.
  • the circuit remains in a connected state.
  • the first melt 47 disconnected later and the second melt 57 disconnected later may be disconnected under tensile force, or thermally fuse due to an increase in current. In the off position, no spark will occur in the arc extinguishing filler environment of the enclosed chamber 46.
  • the cross-sectional size of the melt that is disconnected earlier may be larger than that of the melt that is disconnected later, so that the melt that is disconnected earlier bears a larger current under normal working conditions. After the melt that is disconnected first is broken, the melt that is disconnected later can be quickly disconnected due to the double action of the thermal fuse effect and the pulling force of the current increase.
  • the cross-sectional size of the melt that is disconnected later is smaller, the contact with the arc extinguishing filler is more sufficient, and the arc extinguishing effect when disconnected is better. This setting can reduce power consumption and improve the large current breaking capacity.
  • a partition 56 may be provided in the closed chamber 46.
  • the partition 56 is located between the melt that is disconnected first and the melt that is disconnected later, separating the two, so that the When the melt that is disconnected first is disconnected, it will not affect the melt that is disconnected later.
  • a buffer 54 may be provided at the bottom of the housing 43 opposite to the connecting conductive terminal 52 so that the impact force when the connecting conductive terminal 52 falls to the bottom is small.
  • a supporting member 53 may be provided on the inner side wall of the housing 43 opposite to the connecting conductive terminal 52, which is configured to support the connecting conductive terminal 52 and keep it in the housing 43 under normal working conditions.
  • the preset position inside avoids pulling force on the melt and will not affect the normal working state of the melt.
  • a sealing plug 55 is provided where the melt passes through the closed chamber 46, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment provides a circuit system including any of the above-mentioned fuses. Since the circuit system includes any of the above-mentioned fuses, it also has the technical effects described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the fuse and circuit system of the present application can reduce the current and force acting on each melt, so that the state of the fuse in the normal working state is relatively stable, and not only the current that the melt can withstand as a whole is relatively large when the melt is working normally Large, and it is easier to disconnect large currents when disconnected in sequence, which can reduce power consumption and improve large current breaking capacity, and there is no need to introduce additional conductive terminals in the circuit, simplifying the circuit structure, delaying disconnection, and reducing power consumption , Improve the large current breaking capacity.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种熔断器和电路系统，涉及电路保护技术领域。该熔断器包括：壳体，壳体内设置有封闭腔室，封闭腔室内填充有灭弧填料，壳体上连接有分别作为电流输入端和电流输出端的第一导电端子和第二导电端子；熔体，串联于第一导电端子和第二导电端子之间，且至少部分穿设于封闭腔室内；冲击装置，设置于壳体内且位于封闭腔室外，配置成在接收到激励信号时动作在熔体上产生冲击力以使熔体在封闭腔室内断开。实施例的熔断器可以不受熔断电流的限制，实现在不同大小电流甚至零电流下的迅速切断。熔体断开位置处于灭弧填料环境中，火花、电弧等不会外泄，安全性较高。此外，灭弧填料和冲击装置两者互不干扰地发挥作用，稳定性较强。

Description

熔断器和电路系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年4月7日提交中国专利局的申请号为2020102633979、名称为“一种集成机械力断开灭弧熔体的激励熔断器”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及于2021年3月24提交中国专利局的申请号为2021103166988、名称为“熔断器和电路系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电路保护技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种熔断器和电路系统。
背景技术
熔断器是一种常见的电路过电流保护产品。一般地，熔断器的熔丝在流经过大的电流时，因为电流产生的热量而熔断。该种热熔熔断器的负载匹配关系难以确定，如果选用低电流规格的熔断器则不能满足电流短时间过冲的情况，如果选用高电流规格的熔断器则不能满足快速保护的要求。
基于上述情况，现有技术提供了一种机械冲击断开的熔断器，包括：壳体，围设形成安装腔；熔断片，设置在安装腔内；切断组件，配置成受外力作用时将熔断片切断。该机械冲击断开的熔断器通过外力作用切断熔断片。然而，现有技术存在的问题是，熔断片受冲击断开时易产生大量电弧，安全性能较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种熔断器和电路系统，以便于迅速切断电路且不会产生电弧外泄，提高了保护电流的上限，扩展了保护电流的下限至零电流。
本申请提供了一种熔断器，包括：壳体，所述壳体内设置有封闭腔室，所述封闭腔室内填充有灭弧填料，所述壳体上连接有分别作为电流输入端和电流输出端的第一导电端子和第二导电端子；熔体，串联于所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子之间，且至少部分穿设于所述封闭腔室内；冲击装置，设置于所述壳体内且位于所述封闭腔室外，配置成在接收到激励信号时动作在所述熔体上产生冲击力以使所述熔体在所述封闭腔室内断开。
可选地，所述封闭腔室的数量为多个，每个所述封闭腔室内穿设有对应的熔体，分别穿设在多个所述封闭腔室的多个熔体之间串联或者并联。
可选地，所述封闭腔室内穿设有多个并联的熔体，多个并联的所述熔体被设置为在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体。
可选地，所述熔断器还包括熔体冲头，所述熔体冲头动密封地设置在所述封闭腔室的 外壁上，且一端与所述冲击装置连动，另一端与所述在先断开的熔体相对，配置成在所述冲击装置动作时移动并冲断所述在先断开的熔体。
可选地，所述在后断开的熔体设置有曲折段，配置成在延伸至规定长度后断开。
可选地，所述曲折段为S型波浪结构或者螺旋结构。
可选地，所述熔体位于所述封闭腔室内的部位设置有薄弱处，以使所述熔体受到冲击时在所述薄弱处断开。
可选地，所述薄弱处的结构为穿孔或者断开用凹槽。
可选地，所述冲击装置包括：驱动件和冲击件，所述驱动件配置成在接收到激励信号时驱动所述冲击件动作，所述激励信号为检测到故障电流时发出的激励信号或者响应于用户操作发出的激励信号；所述冲击件配置成在动作时在所述熔体上产生拉力以使所述熔体在拉力作用下断开。
可选地，所述封闭腔室的数量为两个，所述熔体包括分别穿设于两个所述封闭腔室的第一熔体和第二熔体；所述冲击装置位于两个所述封闭腔室之间。
可选地，所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子分别从所述壳体的两侧插入所述壳体内，所述熔断器还包括设置在所述壳体内的连接导电端子，所述第一熔体连接于所述第一导电端子和所述连接导电端子之间，所述第二熔体连接于所述第二导电端子和所述连接导电端子之间；所述冲击装置与所述连接导电端子相对，配置成冲击所述连接导电端子移动以使所述熔体断开。
可选地，所述熔断器还包括导向件，配置成对所述冲击装置和所述连接导电端子进行导向。
可选地，所述第二导电端子包括断开部，所述断开部与所述第一导电端子间隔相对；所述第一熔体和所述第二熔体的一端连接于所述第一导电端子，另一端连接于所述断开部；所述冲击装置与所述断开部相对，配置成冲击所述断开部移动以使所述熔体断开。
可选地，所述封闭腔室上设置有开口，在所述开口中设置有密封塞，所述熔体穿过所述密封塞进入所述封闭腔室或者从所述封闭腔室中穿出。
可选地，所述灭弧填料为二氧化硅等固体灭弧填料。
本申请还提供了一种电路系统，包括上述任一项所述的熔断器。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的熔断器的整体结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的熔断器正常工作态下的正视剖视图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的熔断器断开时正视剖视图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的可选的熔断器正常工作态下的正视剖视图；
图5位本申请实施例提供的可选的熔断器正常工作态下的侧视剖视图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的可选的熔断器断开时的正视剖视图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的可选的熔断器断开时的侧视剖视图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的可选的熔断器主视剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应注意到：相似的附图标记在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本申请实施例提供了一种熔断器，包括：壳体，其内部设置有封闭腔室，封闭腔室内填充有灭弧填料，壳体上连接有分别作为电流输入端和电流输出端的第一导电端子和第二导电端子；熔体，串联于第一导电端子和第二导电端子之间，且至少部分穿设于封闭腔室内；冲击装置，设置于壳体内并位于封闭腔室外，配置成在接收到激励信号(也称为触发信号)时动作在熔体上产生冲击力以使熔体在封闭腔室内断开。
正常使用时，熔体连接于第一导电端子和第二导电端子之间使电流导通。当电流过大、产生热量过多时，熔体熔断，此为一般的热熔断过程。除此之外，冲击装置还可以接收激励信号动作，在熔体上产生冲击力使熔体断开，此为机械冲击断开过程。且壳体内设置有填充灭弧填料的封闭腔室，熔体在灭弧填料中断开，断开处产生火花、电弧等被迅速扑灭，不会外泄，安全性较高。
可见，实施例提供的熔断器，通过设置冲击装置使得熔体在冲击作用下断开，可以不受熔断电流的限制，实现在不同大小电流甚至零电流下的迅速切断。熔体断开位置处于灭弧填料环境中，产生火花、电弧等被迅速扑灭，不会外泄，安全性较高。此外，冲击装置在封闭腔室外产生冲击力使得熔体在封闭腔室内断开，灭弧填料和冲击装置两者互不干扰地发挥作用，稳定性较强。
上述灭弧填料可以为二氧化硅等固体灭弧填料。熔体可以为熔丝或者熔断片等各种形式的热熔断导体，只要能在受力时断开即可。
在实施例中，熔体至少部分位于封闭腔室中。即，熔体可以全部位于封闭腔室中；或者部分位于封闭腔室中，部分位于封闭腔室外。实施例中对熔体的具体设置方式不作限定， 只要能保证熔体在封闭腔室内断开即可。
可选地，在熔体位于封闭腔室内的部位设置有薄弱处，以使熔体受到冲击时在薄弱处断开。如此设置，一方面可以便于熔体在冲击力下断开，另一方面可以保证断开位置位于封闭腔室中，灭弧填料起到灭弧作用。
以附图1-8所示的上下方向作为熔体的长度方向，熔体的宽度方向垂直于上下方向，且位于水平面内。上述薄弱处可以通过在熔体上沿宽度方向间隔开设数个孔洞获得，或设置沿宽度方向分布的断开用凹槽获得，断开用凹槽的长度和熔体的宽度相同。断开用凹槽可以是V型，U型或其他有助于断开的形状，只要能使厚度变薄并产生薄弱处即可等。实际产品中，该断开用凹槽可通过各种加工方式形成，例如点焊、压接、弹片接触、铆接、预充断口等加工方式。一方面可以便于熔体在冲击力下断开，另一方面可以保证断开位置位于封闭腔室中，灭弧填料起到灭弧作用。
可选地，封闭腔室的数量为多个，每个封闭腔室内穿设有对应的熔体，分别穿设在多个封闭腔室的多个熔体之间串联或者并联。如此设置，封闭腔室的数量和熔体的连接方式可以根据实际情况灵活设置，能够根据实际需求设置不同数量的封闭腔室和熔体，以及不同熔体间的连接方式，适用范围更广。例如，图1至图3示出了封闭腔室的数量为两个，两个封闭腔室中的熔体串联的情形。图4至图7示出了封闭腔室的数量为两个，两个封闭腔室中的熔体并联的情形。
可选地，每个封闭腔室内穿设有多个并联的熔体。如此，可以降低作用在每个熔体上的电流和作用力大小，使得正常工作态下的熔断器状态较稳定，能够承受更大电流。
封闭腔室内并联的熔体数量可以根据实际需求进行适应性设置，对此不作限定，例如，每个封闭腔室中可以并联有3个、5个、10个熔体等。
可选地，每个封闭腔室中可以设置有两个并联的熔体，且两个熔体被设置为在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体。可以降低作用在每个熔体上的电流和作用力大小，使得正常工作态下的熔断器状态较稳定。通过两个熔体先后断开，后断开的熔体可以在电流增大的热熔断效应和冲击装置的双重作用下更易断开，不仅使得熔体正常工作时整体能够承受的电流较大，且断开时依次断开，更易实现断开，可以降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。具体可以参见图8。
可选地，熔断器还包括熔体冲头，熔体冲头动密封地设置在封闭腔室的外壁上，且一端与冲击装置连动，另一端与在先断开的熔体相对，配置成在冲击装置动作时移动并冲断在先断开的熔体。如此设置，能够通过熔体冲头的冲击作用冲断在先断开的熔体，机械冲击断开响应更迅速。
其中，熔体冲头与在先断开的熔体相对的部位可以为箭头状或者其它便于施力切断熔 体的结构。熔体冲头可以与在先断开的熔体上的薄弱处相对。
可选地，在后断开的熔体设置有曲折段，配置成在延伸至规定长度后断开。如此设置，使得在后断开的熔体在受冲击时先拉长至规定长度之后才会断开，在后断开的熔体与在先断开的熔体之间有一定的缓冲时间，确保封闭腔室中并联的熔体能够先后断开。
其中，该曲折段可以为S型波浪结构，或者螺旋结构等，只要能在受力时延展即可。这样，在后断开的熔体在受冲击时先拉长至规定长度之后才会断开，在后断开的熔体与在先断开的熔体之间有一定的缓冲时间，确保封闭腔室中并联的熔体能够先后断开。
可选地，在先断开的熔体的横截面尺寸可以大于在后断开的熔体，使得正常工作态下由在先断开的熔体承担较大电流。在先断开的熔体被冲断后，在后断开的熔体可以由于电流增大的热熔断效应和拉力双重作用下迅速断开。且在后断开的熔体横截面尺寸较小，与灭弧填料的接触更充分，断开时的灭弧效果更好。如此设置，可以降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。
可选地，壳体可以包括第一子壳体和第二子壳体，第一子壳体和第二子壳体拼接后形成壳体。第一子壳体和第二子壳体可以通过可拆卸连接方式组装在一起，例如，通过螺栓组装固定。
封闭腔室可以独立地设置在第一子壳体和第二子壳体内。或者，封闭腔室可以包括分别位于第一子壳体和第二子壳体内的第一部分和第二部分，第一子壳体和第二子壳体对接后形成完整的封闭腔室。如此设置，能够便于在封闭腔室中填充灭弧填料，且在熔体断开后可以更换熔体使得熔断器可以重复使用。
可选地，封闭腔室上可以设置有开口，开口中可以设置有密封塞，熔体穿过密封塞进入封闭腔室或者从封闭腔室中穿出。通过设置密封塞作为熔体穿过的通道，既不影响熔体受力拉断，又能保证密封性，使得熔体被拉动时灭弧填料不会流出。
可选地，冲击装置包括：驱动件和冲击件，驱动件配置成在接收到激励信号时驱动冲击件动作，激励信号为检测到故障电流时发出的激励信号或者响应于用户操作发出的激励信号；冲击件配置成在动作时在熔体上产生拉力以使熔体在拉力作用下断开。该实现方式中，驱动件可以响应故障电流的产生或者用户操作而动作，驱动冲击件移动冲击熔体，使得熔体可以在激励信号下断开。
其中，激励信号可以是电激励信号，也可以是磁激励信号或其他激励信号等。激励信号可以为控制器检测到故障电流时发出的，也可以是控制器接收到用户操作后发出的。
驱动件可以为气缸、液压缸或者电机等各种气动、液动、电动形式的驱动件，对此不作限定，只要能驱动冲击件产生冲击力即可。
冲击件可以为活塞、冲击块、滑块等运动机械件或流体(例如，气体或者液体)模组 (即包裹有气体或液体的气/液囊)。可以理解的是，当冲击件为流体模组时，壳体内应配置有密封性能良好的流体腔室，以使流体模组受力变形传递力矩。
可选地，壳体内可以设置有限位件，配置成在正常工作态下使冲击件保持在预设位置。
例如，壳体内可以设置有空腔，冲击装置设置于空腔中。空腔的侧壁可以设置有限位凹槽，冲击件上可以设置有限位凸块，限位凸块嵌入限位凹槽中，使冲击件在正常工作态下保持在预设位置。且限位凸块可以在冲击件受到冲击时断开，不会阻碍冲击件的移动。
可选地，壳体内可以设置有导向件，配置成对冲击件进行导向使冲击件以预设方向移动。通过导向件使冲击装置和连接导电端子保持预设移动方向，提高使用稳定性和安全性。举例来说，导向件可以为导向杆，冲击件套设在导向杆上。或者，导向件可以为导向滑槽，冲击件设置在导向滑槽中，均可起到导向作用。
在实施例中，封闭腔室的数量可以为一个或多个。举例来说，封闭腔室的数量为一个时，熔体连接在第一导电端子和第二导电端子之间，且部分位于封闭腔室内，部分位于封闭腔室外，冲击装置可以与熔体位于封闭腔室外的部分相对，在熔体上产生压力进而使熔体在位于封闭腔室内的薄弱处断开。
可选地，封闭腔室的数量为两个，熔体包括分别穿设于两个封闭腔室的第一熔体和第二熔体；冲击装置位于两个封闭腔室之间。如此设置，冲击装置在两个封闭腔室之间产生冲击力，使得第一熔体和第二熔体分别在两个封闭腔室内断开，受力更均匀，熔体断开过程更稳定，可控性更强。
可选地，第一导电端子和第二导电端子分别从壳体的两侧插入壳体内，熔断器还包括设置在壳体内的连接导电端子，第一熔体连接于第一导电端子和连接导电端子之间，第二熔体连接于第二导电端子和连接导电端子之间；冲击装置与连接导电端子相对，配置成冲击连接导电端子移动以使熔体断开。通过冲击连接导电端子，连接导电端子带动熔体被拉断，结构较稳定，冲击时受力分布均匀，安全性和稳定性较高。
可选地，第二导电端子包括断开部，断开部与第一导电端子间隔相对；第一熔体和第二熔体的一端连接于第一导电端子，另一端连接于断开部；冲击装置与断开部相对，配置成冲击断开部移动以使熔体断开。这样无需在电路中引入额外的导电端子，简化电路结构。且第一熔体和第二熔体两者并联设置，可以延时断开，进而降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。
以下，具体说明上述结构的熔断器。
如图1、图2及图3所示，壳体由左右设置的第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2密闭组合而成。在第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2的上部分别开设有容置第一导电端子3和第二导电端子4的部分容纳腔。当第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2组合好后，第一导电端子3和第二 导电端子4插入容纳腔中，分别位于壳体的两侧且间隔相对。组合后的壳体可以通过螺钉固定。
在第一导电端子3和第二导电端子4间的壳体内开设有第一空腔12，在第一空腔12下方的壳体内开设有与第一空腔12连通的第二空腔13。第一空腔12和第二空腔可以分为两部分，分别开设在第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2内，当第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2组合形成壳体时，分开的部分空腔也随之组合形成完整的第一空腔12和第二空腔。可选地，第一空腔12和第二空腔也可以单独开设在第一子壳体1或第二子壳体2上。
在第一导电端子3和第二导电端子4间的第一空腔12内自上而下依次设置有驱动件5和活塞6(相当于冲击件)。活塞6所在部位的内径比驱动件5所在部位的内径大，在第一空腔12内在活塞6与驱动件5之间的位置处设置有横向格挡。第一空腔12的内壁上与活塞6相对的部位设置有限位凹槽14，活塞6上设置有限位凸块15，活塞6上的限位凸块15卡设在限位凹槽14中，对活塞6初始位置进行限定。驱动件5为微型气动装置，其可接收来自外部的激励信号，释放高压气体，从而驱动活塞6克服限位作用，向下运动。
在第一导电端子3和第二导电端子4的正下方、安装驱动件5和活塞6的空腔的两侧分别开设有封闭腔室。每个封闭腔室可以包括分别位于第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2的两部分，第一子壳体1和第二子壳体2对接后形成完整的封闭腔室。当然，第一子壳体1内可以设置有一个完整的封闭腔室，第二子壳体2内可以设置有另一完整的封闭腔室，使得组装后的壳体包括两个相对的封闭腔室。
连接导电端子7可以设置在第二空腔内，且抵靠在封闭腔室的底面。活塞6位于该连接导电端子7的正上方。在第二空腔中设置有导向柱8，导向柱8的下端固定在壳体底部，上端固定在活塞6与驱动件5之间的第一空腔12内的横向格挡上。活塞6和连接导电端子7分别套设在该导向柱8上，并可在外力作用下沿该导向柱8做上下位移动作。导向柱8作为导向件，引导连接导电端子7和活塞6沿规定路径顺畅向下运动。导向件也可以是设置在第二空腔中的纵向导向槽，连接导电端子7以及活塞6分别可滑动地设置在导向槽中。
在第一导电端子3和第二导电端子4下方的封闭腔室中分别穿设有第一熔体9a和第二熔体9b，位于第一导电端子3下方的第一熔体9a的上端与第一导电端子3连接，其下端与连接导电端子7连接；位于第二导电端子4下方的第二熔体9b的上端与第二导电端子4连接，其下端与连接导电端子7连接。第一导电端子3、第一熔体9a、连接导电端子7、第二熔体9b、第二导电端子4串联形成整个熔断器的导电结构。在每个封闭腔室中填充有灭弧填料10。第一熔体9a和第二熔体9b上可开设有薄弱处11，薄弱处11位于封闭腔室中，保证第一熔体9a和第二熔体9b断开后产生的电弧在灭弧填料10中进行灭弧。
当活塞6冲击连接导电端子7，驱使连接导电端子7向下运动时，可保证第一熔体9a 和第二熔体9b第一时间断开，从而断开电路，对其进行保护。当活塞6在驱动件5驱动下向下冲击连接导电端子7时，连接导电端子7可沿导向柱8向下位移至第二空腔的底部。第二空腔的空间应至少满足连接导电端子7移动时能拉断熔体9。
当该熔断器使用在车辆上时，车辆处于正常工作状态，车辆控制系统不发出激励信号，驱动件5处于待命状态。此时，电流从第一导电端子3流入，依次经过第一熔体9a、连接导电端子7、第二熔体9b，从第二导电端子4流出。
当车辆处于异常状态或出现故障电流时，车辆控制系统向驱动件5发出激励信号，驱动件5工作并推动活塞6，活塞6带动连接导电端子7向下运动，而连接导电端子7向下运动过程中，拉动第一熔体9a和第二熔体9b，导致第一熔体9a和第二熔体9b从薄弱处11断开，断口处产生的电弧在周围灭弧填料10的帮助下，迅速被熄灭。此时，连接导电端子7带着断裂的熔体9继续向下沿着导向柱8移动，停止在第二空腔的底部。车辆电路被切断，完成对系统电路的保护。
此结构方案，产品尺寸较小，以具体尺寸为例，主体部分尺寸(主体尺寸不包括两侧搭接铜排部分的尺寸，以下相同)为54mm(长)*50mm(宽)*72mm(高)，设计额定电压1000VDC，额定电流400A。由于第一、第二熔体9a、9b部分电阻小于0.03mΩ，产品整体电阻小于0.1mΩ，在400A电流下，其热损失功率小于16W。产品整体重量小于550g。可保护的电流范围为0-10000A，动作时间2ms，动作时间固定，与故障电流大小无关。1500A/5ms耐冲击能力可达100000次以上。
可选地，如图4、图5、图6及图7所示，在该实施例中，熔断器壳体由上下设置的第一子壳体21和第二子壳体22组合而成，第一导电端子27插入位于上部的第一子壳体21中，第二导电端子23插入位于下部的第二子壳体22中。第一导电端子27和第二导电端子23包括间隔相对的部分，断开部232设置在第二导电端子23的与第一导电端子27相对的部位上。其中，断开部232可以通过在第二导电端子23上设置薄弱处231获得，薄弱处231可以为位于断开部232两端的沿第二导电端子23的宽度方向延伸的穿孔或者断开用凹槽等结构。断开用凹槽形状可以是V型、U型或其他形状。或者，断开部232的整体厚度可以小于其余部位的厚度，亦可使得断开部232受到冲击时脱离第二导电端子23。
在第一子壳体21上开设有贯通的空腔，在该空腔内自上而下依次设置有驱动件24及活塞25(相当于冲击件)。驱动件24通过限位台阶及压板26固定在空腔中，第一子壳体21容置驱动件24的空腔部分向第一子壳体21的上方突出，第一导电端子27穿设在第一子壳体21的突出部分处，并通过螺钉固定在第一子壳体21上。活塞25通过限位凹槽33和限位凸块34固定在空腔内初始位置处，该限位凹槽33和限位凸块34可与图1至图3中的限位凹槽14和限位凸块15的结构相同。活塞25位于第二导电端子23的断开部232的 正上方。
两个封闭腔室可以开设在第一子壳体21内，封闭腔室上可以设置有开口，开口中填充有密封塞28，第一熔体30a和第二熔体30b穿过密封塞28与第二导电端子23连接。密封塞28在可保证熔体30和灭弧填料31有效密封的同时，还允许在熔体30被拉断后，断开的部分向外滑动，且在熔体30被拉出时，灭弧填料31无明显泄露。
第二导电端子23可以与第一子壳体21的底面接触，可选地，在第二导电端子23与第一子壳体21接触面间还可以设置有绝缘板29。绝缘板29可防止密封塞28向外滑动，可有效协助熔体30散热，在熔体30断裂后向外滑动时，可协助产气并膨胀挤压该区域，协助灭弧。
在第二子壳体22内开设有供断开部232在断开后带着断开的灭弧熔体30向下掉落的空腔，以使断开部232能够向下移动拉断熔体30。
第一熔体30a穿过绝缘板29、一封闭腔室及密封塞28，上端与第一导电端子27的一处连接，下端与第二导电端子23上的断开部232的一处连接。第二熔体30b穿过绝缘板29、另一封闭腔室及其上的密封塞28，上端与第一导电端子27的另一处连接，下端与第二导电端子23上的断开部232的另一处连接。第一熔体30a和第二熔体30b并联在第一导电端子27和第二导电端子23之间。
第一熔体30a可以包括并联的在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体，第二熔体30b可以包括并联的在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体。如此设计，可降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。具体设置方式可以参见上述。
举例来说，对于第一、第二熔体30a、30b中的任意一个熔体，可以使该熔体的横截面变小，或者在该熔体上设置更多或者尺寸更大的断口或狭径，使得该熔体在受力时先断开。
上述熔断器的工作流程如下：
车辆处于正常工作状态时，车辆控制系统不发出激励信号，因此驱动件24处于待命状态；此时，电流从第一导电端子27流入，经过并联的第一熔体30a和第二熔体30b后，从第二导电端子23流出。
当车辆处于异常状态或出现故障电流时，车辆控制系统向驱动件24发出激励信号，驱动件24工作并推动活塞25向下位移，活塞25撞击第二导电端子23上的断开部232，断开部232从薄弱处231断裂；断开部232在活塞25的推动下继续向下运动，运动中拉动第一熔体30a和第二熔体30b从薄弱处231断开。第一熔体30a和第二熔体30b断口处产生的电弧在周围灭弧填料31的帮助下，迅速被熄灭。此时，断开部232带着断开的熔体30继续向下移动，最终在第二子壳体22的帮助下缓冲停止在预定位置。车辆电路被切断，完成对系统电路的保护。
此结构方案，产品尺寸较小，以主体部分尺寸为54mm(长)*50mm(宽)*72mm(高)为例，设计额定电压1000VDC，额定电流400A。由于熔体30部分电阻小于0.03mΩ，并采用并联方式，产品整体电阻预计小于0.05mΩ，在400A电流下，其热损坏功率为8W。产品整体重量小于550g，可保护的电流范围为0-10000A，动作时间2ms，动作时间固定与故障电流大小无关。1500A/5ms耐冲击能力可达100000次以上。
对比热熔熔断器，为实现1000VDC下额定400A的电流，传统热熔熔断器主体尺寸为80mm(长)*60mm(宽)*60mm(高)，电阻为0.180mΩ左右，在400A长时通流下工作功率28.8W。熔断器重量超过700g。可保护的电流范围为2500-10000A，动作时间在1000-2ms之间，随电流增大动作时间减小，2500A以下无法保证动作。1500A/5ms耐冲击能力500-1000次。
对比普通的激励熔断器，产品电阻为0.040mΩ，在400A长时通流下工作功率6.4W。产品重量为500g，整个产品主体尺寸为70*70*110mm，尺寸偏大。可保护的电流范围为0-10000A，动作时间2ms，动作时间固定与故障电流大小无关。1500A/5ms耐冲击能力100000次以上。在没有辅助手段的情况下，随着电压的升高，产品的体积将会明显增大。
对比集成机械力断开熔体的激励熔断器，产品电阻为0.040mΩ，在400A长时通流下工作功率6.4W。产品重量小于550g，整个产品主体尺寸为54*50*72mm。可保护的电流范围为1000A-20000A，动作时间2ms，动作时间固定与故障电流大小无关。1500A/5ms耐冲击能力100000次以上。此方案的难以在0～1000A给系统提供保护。
由以上可知，本申请的熔断器方案可有效提高激励熔断器的各项性能。同时对成本没有明显的增加。具有的优点：产品电阻较小，发热较低，功耗小；能支持零电流切断，可迅速可靠分断大小故障电流；产品抗电流冲击能力更强；产品受气压和温湿度的影响较小，在各种工况环境下均能可靠分断；产品可直接使用熔断器的生产工艺，产品成熟，可靠性高；产品的分断能力可根据需要进行调整；产品长期使用后分断能力无明显老化；分断完全受控，系统可根据实际工况，自行调整分断。
如附图8所示，第一导电端子41和第二导电端子42间隔相对设置在壳体43的上部左右两侧。壳体43上部设置有两个间隔相对的封闭腔室46，两个封闭腔室46分别位于第一导电端子41和第二导电端子42的下部。左侧的封闭腔室46中穿设有在先断开的第一熔体48和在后断开的第一熔体47，右侧的封闭腔室46中穿设有在先断开的第二熔体58和在后断开的第二熔体57。
壳体43下部的空腔内设置有连接导电端子52，在先断开的第一熔体48和在后断开的第一熔体47的上端与第一导电端子41连接，下端与连接导电端子52的左端连接。在先断开的第二熔体58和在后断开的第二熔体57的上端与第二导电端子42连接，下端与连接导 电端子52的右端连接。第一导电端子41、第一熔体47、48、连接导电端子52、第二熔体57、58、第二导电端子42依次串联连接。第一熔体47、48包括两个并联且先后断开的熔体。第二熔体57、58包括两个并联且先后断开的熔体。
冲击装置包括驱动件44和活塞45(该实施例中采用活塞45作为冲击件)，活塞45与连接导电端子52相对。且活塞45的侧壁与熔体冲头51配合，活塞45向下移动时能够驱动熔体冲头51向封闭腔室46内部移动，冲断熔体。其中，熔体冲头51与在先断开的熔体上的薄弱处49相对。
驱动件44接收激励信号动作时，驱动活塞45向下移动。与此同时熔体冲头51冲断在先断开的第一熔体48。然后活塞45继续向下移动，由于在后断开的第一熔体47和在后断开的第二熔体57上设置有曲折部50，因此活塞45推动连接导电端子52继续往下移动一定距离使得在后断开的第一熔体47和在后断开的第二熔体57被拉断时，熔断器完全断开。
活塞45的侧壁与熔体冲头51的接触面可以为斜面，使得活塞在向下运动时驱动熔体冲头51横向移动冲断在先断开的第一熔体48。
该过程中，第一熔体48先在封闭腔室46中被熔体冲头51冲断，在封闭腔室46的灭弧填料环境下不会发生火花，此时电路依然保持连通状态。之后，在后断开的第一熔体47和在后断开的第二熔体57可以在拉力作用下断开，或者由于电流增大热熔断。断开位置在封闭腔室46的灭弧填料环境下不会发生火花。
该实施例中，在先断开的熔体的横截面尺寸可以大于在后断开的熔体，使得正常工作态下由在先断开的熔体承担较大电流。在先断开的熔体被冲断后，在后断开的熔体可以由于电流增大的热熔断效应和拉力作用双重作用下迅速断开。且在后断开的熔体横截面尺寸较小，与灭弧填料的接触更充分，断开时的灭弧效果更好。如此设置，可以降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。
如附图8所示，封闭腔室46中可以设置有隔板56，隔板56位于在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体之间，将两者分隔开，使得在先断开的熔体断开时不会对在后断开的熔体产生影响。
如附图8所示，在壳体43的底部与连接导电端子52相对的部位可以设置有缓冲件54，使得连接导电端子52下落到底部时的冲击力较小。
如附图8所示，在壳体43的内侧壁上与连接导电端子52相对的部位可以设置有支撑件53，配置成支撑连接导电端子52，使其在正常工作态下保持在壳体43内的预设位置，避免对熔体产生拉力，不会影响熔体的正常工作状态。
与上述实施例相同，熔体穿过封闭腔室46处设置有密封塞55，在此不再赘述。
另外，实施例提供一种电路系统，包括上述任意一种熔断器。由于该电路系统包括上 述任意一种熔断器，所以同样具备其上已描述的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
以上仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请的保护范围，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
以上，仅为本申请的具体内容，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
工业实用性
本申请的熔断器和电路系统，可以降低作用在每个熔体上的电流和作用力大小，使得正常工作态下的熔断器状态较稳定，不仅使得熔体正常工作时整体能够承受的电流较大，且断开时依次断开更易断开大电流，可以降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力，且无需在电路中引入额外的导电端子，简化电路结构，延时断开，进而降低功耗，提高大电流分断能力。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种熔断器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内设置有封闭腔室，所述封闭腔室内填充有灭弧填料，所述壳体上连接有分别作为电流输入端和电流输出端的第一导电端子和第二导电端子；
    熔体，串联于所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子之间，且至少部分穿设于所述封闭腔室内；
    冲击装置，设置于所述壳体内且位于所述封闭腔室外，配置成在接收到激励信号时动作在所述熔体上产生冲击力以使所述熔体在所述封闭腔室内断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述封闭腔室的数量为多个，每个所述封闭腔室内穿设有对应的熔体，分别穿设在多个所述封闭腔室的多个熔体之间串联或者并联。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的熔断器，其特征在于，每个所述封闭腔室内穿设有多个并联的熔体，多个并联的所述熔体被设置为在先断开的熔体和在后断开的熔体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述熔断器还包括熔体冲头，所述熔体冲头动密封地设置在所述封闭腔室的外壁上，且一端与所述冲击装置连动，另一端与所述在先断开的熔体相对，配置成在所述冲击装置动作时移动并冲断所述在先断开的熔体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述在后断开的熔体设置有曲折段，配置成在延伸至规定长度后断开。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述曲折段为S型波浪结构或者螺旋结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述熔体位于所述封闭腔室内的部位设置有薄弱处，以使所述熔体受到冲击时在所述薄弱处断开。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述薄弱处的结构为穿孔或者断开用凹槽。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述冲击装置包括：驱动件和冲击件，所述驱动件配置成在接收到激励信号时驱动所述冲击件动作，所述激励信号为检测到故障电流时发出的激励信号或者响应于用户操作发出的激励信号；
    所述冲击件配置成在动作时在所述熔体上产生拉力以使所述熔体在拉力作用下断开。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述封闭腔室的数量为两个，两个所述封闭腔室间隔相对设置，所述熔体包括分别穿设于两个所述封闭腔室的第一熔体和第二熔体；
    所述冲击装置位于两个所述封闭腔室之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述第一导电端子和所述第二导电端子分别从所述壳体的两侧插入所述壳体内，所述熔断器还包括设置在所述壳体内的连接导电端子，所述第一熔体连接于所述第一导电端子和所述连接导电端子之间，所述第二熔体连接于所述第二导电端子和所述连接导电端子之间；
    所述冲击装置与所述连接导电端子相对，配置成冲击所述连接导电端子移动以使所述熔体断开。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述熔断器还包括导向件，配置成对所述冲击装置和所述连接导电端子进行导向。
  13. 根据权利要求10～12中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述第二导电端子包括断开部，所述断开部与所述第一导电端子间隔相对；
    所述第一熔体和所述第二熔体的一端连接于所述第一导电端子，另一端连接于所述断开部；
    所述冲击装置与所述断开部相对，配置成冲击所述断开部移动以使所述熔体断开。
  14. 根据权利要求1～13中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述封闭腔室上设置有开口，在所述开口中设置有密封塞，所述熔体穿过所述密封塞进入所述封闭腔室或者从所述封闭腔室中穿出。
  15. 根据权利要求1～14中任一项所述的熔断器，其特征在于，所述灭弧填料为二氧化硅等固体灭弧填料。
  16. 一种电路系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～15中任一项所述的熔断器。
PCT/CN2021/085832 2020-04-07 2021-04-07 熔断器和电路系统 Ceased WO2021204165A1 (zh)

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