WO2021204265A1 - 核燃料运输容器 - Google Patents

核燃料运输容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021204265A1
WO2021204265A1 PCT/CN2021/086260 CN2021086260W WO2021204265A1 WO 2021204265 A1 WO2021204265 A1 WO 2021204265A1 CN 2021086260 W CN2021086260 W CN 2021086260W WO 2021204265 A1 WO2021204265 A1 WO 2021204265A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nuclear fuel
shell
plate
outer shell
transportation container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/086260
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈光耀
张振雨
李传毅
沈勇坚
贺小明
邵长磊
张晓春
艾卫江
党哈雷
刘晓强
石悠
王国栋
周岩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
Priority to EP21785693.9A priority Critical patent/EP4134983A4/en
Publication of WO2021204265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021204265A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/08—Shock-absorbers, e.g. impact buffers for containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G21F5/008—Containers for fuel elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/14—Devices for handling containers or shipping-casks, e.g. transporting devices loading and unloading, filling of containers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nuclear fuel transportation containers.
  • nuclear power plants With the development of nuclear technology, more and more nuclear power plants have begun to be built and expanded.
  • the core technical components (nuclear fuel assemblies) of nuclear power plants need to be transported from nuclear fuel manufacturing plants to nuclear power plants. Due to the radioactive nature of nuclear fuel, the criticality and shielding safety of nuclear fuel assemblies under accident conditions, falling, puncture, and flooding must be ensured during transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to design special transportation containers for nuclear fuel assemblies to ensure the safety of nuclear fuel during transportation.
  • the shell of the nuclear fuel transportation container in the prior art is generally formed by a hinge connection.
  • the hinge used is difficult to process, difficult to assemble, and has a high scrap rate due to deformation.
  • the existing nuclear fuel transportation container is usually a single nuclear fuel assembly transportation, and the efficiency of transportation and on-site loading and unloading is low.
  • the present invention provides a nuclear fuel transportation container, which can protect the nuclear fuel assembly from damage caused by vibration and impact during normal transportation and operation, is easy to assemble, and has high transportation efficiency.
  • the nuclear fuel transportation container of the present invention includes an inner shell, which is provided with a first accommodating space for accommodating a nuclear fuel assembly; an outer shell, which is provided with a second accommodating space for accommodating at least one inner shell; And the outer shell; wherein, the inner side of the inner shell is provided with a neutron absorption plate, and the outer shell is a double-layer shell structure composed of an outer shell facing the atmosphere and an inner shell facing the inner shell.
  • the outer shell and The inner shell forms a closed space, the closed space is filled with buffer and heat insulation materials, and a neutron slowing plate is arranged between the inner shell and the inner shell.
  • the outer shell includes an upper shell and a lower shell, and the upper shell and the lower shell form a second accommodating space after being assembled.
  • the inner shell includes a main body folding plate, a side plate and a top plate.
  • the side plates are respectively hingedly connected to the main body folding plate and the top plate.
  • a locking device is provided between the top plate and the folding plate.
  • the board, the side board and the top board form a first accommodation space.
  • both ends of the inner shell along the length direction are respectively provided with a first end cover and a second end cover
  • the side plate includes a first side plate and a second side plate
  • the top plate includes a first top plate and a second top plate.
  • One end cover is fixedly connected with the main body folding plate
  • the second end cover is fixedly connected with the second side plate and the second top plate.
  • a positioning brace is provided on the second end cover, which positions the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • a plurality of vent holes are provided on the outer shell.
  • a neutron moderating plate is provided between adjacent inner shells.
  • the outer side of the neutron moderating plate is covered with a heat insulation plate.
  • an isolation layer is provided between the neutron absorption plate and the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • At least one reinforcing part is provided on the outer shell of the upper shell facing the atmosphere side.
  • At least one hoisting position is provided on the outer shell of the upper shell facing the atmosphere side.
  • a support part is provided on the outer shell of the lower shell facing the atmosphere side.
  • an operating position for transportation equipment is provided on the outer shell of the lower shell facing the atmosphere side.
  • the nuclear fuel transportation container of the present invention adopts a shell structure of an outer shell and an inner shell, and the outer shell is filled with a buffer and heat insulation material.
  • a neutron moderating plate is arranged between the inner shell and the inner shell to ensure that the nuclear fuel assembly is vibrated The safety during impact keeps the nuclear fuel assembly in a subcritical state.
  • multiple inner shells can be contained in one outer shell, and the transportation of multiple nuclear fuel assemblies can be completed only by assembling and disassembling the outer shell once, which improves the transportation efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a nuclear fuel transport container according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nuclear fuel transportation container according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of an assembled housing of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an inner shell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the open state of the inner shell in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a nuclear fuel transport container 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel transportation container 100 of the present invention includes an inner shell 1 and an outer shell 2.
  • the inner shell 1 is provided with a first accommodating space 11 for accommodating the nuclear fuel assembly
  • the outer shell 2 is provided with a second accommodating space 21 for accommodating at least one inner shell 1 (see FIG. 2).
  • the second accommodating space 21 can accommodate two inner shells 1, and the two inner shells 1 are arranged side by side in the outer shell 2. It is also possible to set the number of inner shells 1 that can be accommodated according to actual needs. Multiple inner shells 1 are provided in one outer shell 2 at the same time, for example, two inner shells 1 in this embodiment, the outer shell 2 only needs to be assembled and disassembled once to complete the assembly and disassembly operations of the two nuclear fuel assemblies, which improves the operation efficient.
  • the inner shell 1 and the outer shell 2 are connected and fixed by an inner shell connecting device 3, and the inner shell connecting device 3 can be fixedly arranged on the outer shell 2.
  • the inner shell 1 is fixedly mounted on the outer shell 2 through the inner shell coupling device 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nuclear fuel transport container 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the outer shell 2 has a double-layer shell structure, which includes an outer shell 22 facing the atmosphere side and an inner shell 23 facing the inner shell 1 side, an outer shell 22 and an inner shell 23 A closed space is formed, and the buffer and heat insulation material 24 is filled in the closed space.
  • the shell 2 can be made of 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel, which has the characteristics of high strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the cushioning and thermal insulation material 24 can be made of polyurethane foam material, which can absorb vibration and heat under extreme conditions of accidental drop of the container and fire accident, and protect the safety of the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • a neutron moderating plate 4 is arranged between the inner shell 23 and the inner shell 1, and a neutron absorption plate 12 is arranged on the inner side of the inner shell 1.
  • the inner side of the inner shell refers to the side of the inner shell facing the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • the inner shell 1 can be made of 6000 series aluminum alloy.
  • the neutron absorption plate 12 has a neutron absorption material, which can be made of boron aluminum alloy.
  • the neutron moderating plate 4 has a neutron moderating material and is made of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate. The hydrogen atoms in the neutron moderating plate 4 slow the neutrons and are absorbed by the neutron absorption plate 12.
  • the neutrons are slowed down by the neutron moderating plate 4, and then absorbed by the neutron absorption plate 12, so that the nuclear fuel transportation container 100 maintains the nuclear fuel assembly in a subcritical state under normal transportation conditions and accident transportation conditions, ensuring that Safe transportation.
  • the outer shell 2 includes an upper shell 25 and a lower shell 26, and the upper shell 25 and the lower shell 26 form the second receiving space 21 after being assembled.
  • the upper shell 25 includes a first outer shell 221 facing the atmosphere side and a first inner shell 231 facing the inner shell side; the lower shell 26 includes a second outer shell 222 facing the atmosphere and the inner shell 1 side
  • the second inner shell 232 The first outer shell 221 and the first inner shell 231 form a first enclosed space, and the second outer shell 222 and the second inner shell 232 form a second enclosed space.
  • the enclosed spaces are respectively filled with cushioning and insulating materials 24.
  • the cushioning and insulating materials 24 filled in the first enclosed space and the second enclosed space can be made of polyurethane foams of two different densities, which can absorb external vibrations and can be gassed at high temperatures. Chemical and absorb heat, improve the shock absorption and heat resistance of the container.
  • the outer shell 2 is divided into an upper shell 25 and a lower shell 26.
  • the inner shell connecting device 3 is fixedly arranged on the lower shell 26, and the inner shell 1 is fixedly installed on the lower shell 26 through the inner shell connecting device 3.
  • the lower shell 26 is arranged inside
  • the two inner shells 2 are installed in positions to accommodate the two inner shells 2 and the nuclear fuel assemblies are respectively placed in the inner shells 2 to realize the requirement of accommodating two nuclear fuel assemblies in one outer shell 2.
  • the outer shell 2 is separately arranged up and down. After the nuclear fuel assembly is placed in the inner shell 2, only the upper shell 25 is assembled to the lower shell 26 to complete the assembly of the outer shell 2 and enable the disassembly and assembly operations of the nuclear fuel transport container 100 Simple and improve work efficiency.
  • a first connecting plate 251 is provided on the upper shell 25, and a second connecting plate 261 is provided on the lower shell 26.
  • the first connecting plate 251 is connected to the second connecting plate.
  • the plates 261 respectively extend out at the corresponding positions where the upper shell 25 and the lower shell 26 are assembled.
  • the first connecting plate 251 and the second connecting plate 261 are respectively provided with a plurality of corresponding bolt holes 27 (see FIG. 1), and are fixedly connected by bolts. , Thereby achieving a fixed connection between the upper shell 25 and the lower shell 26.
  • a sealing element such as a rubber gasket, can be provided between the first connecting plate 251 and the second connecting plate 261 to achieve good sealing performance of the outer shell 2 and prevent water and other impurities from entering the inner shell 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the housing 2 after being assembled according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper shell 25 and the lower shell 26 are assembled, the upper shell 25 and the lower shell 26 are connected and fixed by bolts to form a sealed nuclear fuel transportation container 100.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the inner shell 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows two inner shells 1, which are symmetrically arranged and can be opened to both sides respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the open state of the inner shell 1 in FIG. 4.
  • the inner shell 1 includes a main body folding plate 13, a side plate 14 and a top plate 15.
  • the side plate 14 is respectively connected with the main body folding plate 13 and the top plate 15 by a hinge 16.
  • the top plate 15 and the main body folding plate 13 are provided
  • the locking device 17 locks the top plate 15 and the main body folding plate 13, the main body folding plate 13, the side plate 14 and the top plate 15 form the first accommodating space 11.
  • the locking device 17 may adopt a connection method such as a buckle or a bolt connection to lock and fix the top 15 and the main body folding plate 13.
  • a first end cover 18 and a second end cover 19 are respectively provided at both ends of the inner shell 1 along the length direction.
  • the side plate 14 includes a first side plate 141 and a second side plate 142
  • the top plate 15 includes a first top plate 151 and The second top plate 152
  • the first end cover 18 is fixedly connected to the main body folding plate 13
  • the second end cover 19 is fixedly connected to the second side plate 142 and the second top plate 152.
  • the second side plate 142 and the second top plate 152 can be respectively fixedly connected to the second end cover 19 by bolts, and the second top plate 152 and the main body folding plate 13 are locked by the locking device 17.
  • the locking device 17 between the second top plate 152 and the main body folding plate 13 can be opened, and the second top plate 152 together with the second end cover 19 and the second side plate 142 can be turned and opened, thereby realizing the inner shell 1
  • the nuclear fuel assembly inside is inspected to prevent dumping of the nuclear fuel assembly, which is easy to maintain and easy to operate.
  • the lengths of the second side plate 142 and the second top plate 152 are convenient for observation and operation.
  • the nuclear fuel assembly When in use, the nuclear fuel assembly is put into the inner shell 1, and the top plate 15 and the corresponding locking device 17 on the main body folding plate 13 are locked.
  • the first side plate 141 and the second side plate 142, and the first top plate 151 and the second top plate 152 can be connected and fixed by a connecting plate 143 (see FIG. 4), thereby enhancing the fastening and stability of the inner shell 1.
  • the second end cover 19 is provided with positioning struts 191, which position the nuclear fuel assembly so as to make the nuclear fuel assembly more stable and prevent the nuclear fuel assembly from dumping.
  • An accelerometer (not shown in the figure) can also be provided at the end of the inner shell 1, and the accelerometer can monitor the peak acceleration of the nuclear fuel assembly during loading, unloading and transportation to prevent danger.
  • the neutron moderating plate 4 is made of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate.
  • the hydrogen atoms in the neutron moderating plate 4 will After the neutrons are slowed down, they are absorbed by the neutron absorption plate 12.
  • the neutrons are slowed down by the neutron moderating plate 4, and the neutrons are absorbed by the neutron absorption plate 12, so that the nuclear fuel transportation container 100 maintains the nuclear fuel assembly in a subcritical state under normal transportation conditions and accident transportation conditions, ensuring that Safe transportation.
  • the outer side of the neutron moderating plate 4 can be covered with a heat insulation plate (not shown).
  • a ceramic fiber board can be used to cover the neutron moderating plate 4 to isolate the heat of the fire field, thereby protecting the neutron moderating plate 4.
  • the inner shell 1 is provided with a neutron absorption plate 12.
  • the neutron absorption plate 12 can be provided on the main body folded plate 13, the side plate 14 and the top plate 15 of the inner shell 1.
  • An isolation layer 121 may also be provided between the neutron absorption plate 12 and the nuclear fuel assembly (see FIG. 2).
  • the isolation layer 121 may be a cork rubber sheet, and the isolation layer 121 can prevent the nuclear fuel assembly from being scratched during assembly, disassembly and transportation, and ensure the safety seal of the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • a plurality of rubber compression blocks may also be provided in other parts of the inner shell 1 that are in contact with the nuclear fuel assembly, so as to ensure that the nuclear fuel assembly is firmly placed in the inner shell 1.
  • a shock-absorbing and vibration-absorbing device 28 can be provided in the outer shell 2 and at the end of the inner shell 1 in the longitudinal direction. The stability of the shell.
  • vent holes 223 are provided on the outer shell 22.
  • the polyurethane foam material used for the cushioning and thermal insulation material 24 filled in the shell 2 will be heated to generate gas.
  • the exhaust hole 223 can exhaust these gases to reduce the pressure in the shell 2 and ensure the safety of the shell.
  • At least one reinforcement portion 252 may be provided on the outer shell 221 of the upper shell 25 facing the atmosphere.
  • the reinforcement portion 252 is welded to the outside of the upper shell 25, and three reinforcement portions 252 are arranged side by side on the upper shell 25.
  • the specific number can be set according to the actual length of the shell 2 to ensure the strength.
  • Nuclear fuel assemblies are usually large in size and heavy in weight.
  • at least one hoisting position 253 is provided on the outer shell 221 of the upper shell 25 facing the atmosphere, so as to facilitate the lifting of the upper shell 25 by the lifting equipment.
  • a support portion 262 is provided on the outer shell 222 of the lower shell 26 facing the atmosphere. Multiple support portions 262 may be provided. In this embodiment, two support portions 262 are provided, and the support portions 262 are arranged side by side along the length of the lower shell 26 to bear the total weight of the nuclear fuel transportation container 100 and the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • a transportation equipment operating position 263 may be provided on the outer shell 222 of the lower shell 26 facing the atmosphere.
  • the transfer equipment uses a forklift to perform container transfer
  • the transportation equipment operating position 263 is a forklift position.
  • the forklift front fork is inserted into the forklift position to realize the transfer operation of the nuclear fuel transportation container 100.
  • the nuclear fuel transportation container 100 of the present invention can be loaded, transported and disassembled according to the following steps when in use.
  • Step 1 Insert the front fork of the forklift into the transport equipment operating position 263, and transfer the nuclear fuel transport container 100 to the loading position.
  • Step 2 Remove the connecting bolts connecting the first connecting plate 251 of the upper shell 25 and the second connecting plate 261 of the lower shell 26. Connect the lifting equipment to the hoisting position 253 of the upper shell, and hoist the upper shell 25 as a whole.
  • Step 3 Turn the inner shell 1 fixed on the lower shell 26 and the lower shell 26 integrally to a vertical position.
  • Step 4 Open the locking device 17 connecting the top plate 15 and the main body folding plate 13, so that the inner shell 1 is in an open state.
  • Step 5 hoist the nuclear fuel assembly into the inner shell 1, after adjusting the position, set a plurality of rubber compression blocks in other parts of the inner shell 1 that are in contact with the nuclear fuel assembly.
  • Step 6 lift the top plate 15 together with the side plates 14, adjust the position of the positioning brace 191 and the nuclear fuel assembly, and lock and fix the main body folding plate 13 through the locking device 17.
  • Step 7 Turn the inner shell 1 fixed on the lower shell 26 and the lower shell 26 integrally to a horizontal position.
  • Step 8 Lift the upper shell 25 to the lower shell 26 with lifting equipment, install the connecting bolts connecting the first connecting plate 251 of the upper shell 25 and the second connecting plate 261 of the lower shell 26, and install a lead seal on the container .
  • the nuclear fuel assembly can be loaded into the nuclear fuel transport container 100.
  • the fuel transport container 100 can be hoisted into the transport container, bound by the prescribed method, and the fuel transport vehicle with air shock absorption can be used Deliver nuclear fuel assemblies to nuclear power plants.
  • the fuel transport container 100 can be opened according to the steps of loading the nuclear fuel assembly, and the nuclear fuel assembly can be taken out.
  • the nuclear fuel transportation container of the present invention adopts a shell structure of an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 1.
  • the outer shell 2 is filled with a buffer and heat insulation material 24, and a neutron moderating plate 4 is arranged between the inner shell 23 and the inner shell 1. It ensures the safety of nuclear fuel assemblies when they are subjected to vibration and impact, and keeps the nuclear fuel assemblies in a subcritical state.
  • a single outer shell 2 can accommodate multiple inner shells 1, and only the outer shell 2 needs to be assembled and disassembled once to complete the transportation of multiple nuclear fuel assemblies, which improves the transportation efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种核燃料运输容器（100），包括内壳（1），其内设有容纳核燃料组件的第一容纳空间（11）；外壳（2），其内设有容纳至少一个该内壳（1）的第二容纳空间（21）；内外壳联接装置（3），其连接内壳（1）和外壳（2）；其中，内壳（1）朝向核燃料组件一侧设有中子吸收板（12），外壳（2）是由朝向大气侧的外层壳体（22）和朝向内壳（1）侧的内层壳体（23）组成的双层壳体结构，外层壳体（22）和内层壳体（23）形成密闭空间，在密闭空间内填充有缓冲隔热材料（24），内层壳体（23）和内壳（1）之间设有中子慢化板（4）。该运输容器（100）确保了核燃料组件在受到振动冲击时的安全，使核燃料组件保持在次临界状态，并且，一个外壳（2）内可容纳多个内壳（1），只需装拆一次外壳（2），即可完成多个核燃料组件的运输，提高了运输效率。

Description

核燃料运输容器 技术领域
本发明涉及核燃料运输容器领域。
背景技术
随着核技术的发展，越来越多的核电厂开始兴建和扩大，核电厂的核心技术部件(核燃料组件)需要从核燃料制造厂运输至核电厂。由于核燃料具有放射性的特点，在运输过程中要确保核燃料组件在事故情况下经历、跌落、穿刺、水淹等情况下的临界和屏蔽安全。因此，需要设计核燃料组件专用的运输容器，确保核燃料在运输过程中的安全性。
现有技术的核燃料运输容器的外壳一般采用铰链连接的方式形成，而这种特殊的大型运输容器，使用的铰链加工困难，装配难度大，由于变形产生的报废率高。
并且现有的核燃料运输容器通常为单根核燃料组件运输，运输及现场装卸效率低。
发明内容
鉴于以上问题，本发明提供一种核燃料运输容器，其能够在正常运输和操作过程中保护核燃料组件避免受到振动和冲击而造成损坏，装配简便，运输效率高。
本发明的核燃料运输容器，包括内壳，其内设有容纳核燃料组件 的第一容纳空间；外壳，其内设有容纳至少一个内壳的第二容纳空间；内外壳联接装置，其连接内壳和外壳；其中，内壳的内侧设有中子吸收板，外壳是由朝向大气侧的外层壳体和朝向内壳侧的内层壳体组成的双层壳体结构，外层壳体和内层壳体形成密闭空间，在密闭空间内填充有缓冲隔热材料，内层壳体和内壳之间设有中子慢化板。
优选地，外壳包括上壳和下壳，上壳和下壳装配后形成第二容纳空间。
优选地，内壳包括主体折板、侧板和顶板，侧板分别与主体折板和顶板铰链连接，顶板和折板之间设有锁紧装置，将顶板和折板锁紧后，主体折板、侧板和顶板形成第一容纳空间。
优选地，内壳沿长度方向的两侧端部分别设有第一端盖和第二端盖，侧板包括第一侧板和第二侧板，顶板包括第一顶板和第二顶板，第一端盖与主体折板固定连接，第二端盖与第二侧板和第二顶板固定连接。
优选地，第二端盖上设有定位撑杆，其对所述核燃料组件进行定位。
优选地，外层壳体上设有多个排气孔。
优选地，相邻内壳之间设有中子慢化板。
优选地，中子慢化板外侧包覆有隔热板。
优选地，中子吸收板与核燃料组件之间设有隔离层。
优选地，上壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有至少一个加强部。
优选地，上壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有至少一个吊装位。
优选地，下壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有支撑部。
优选地，下壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有运输设备操作位。
本发明的核燃料运输容器，采用外壳和内壳的壳体结构，在外壳内填充缓冲隔热材料，内层壳体和内壳之间设有中子慢化板，确保了核燃料组件在受到振动冲击时的安全，使核燃料组件保持在次临界状态。并且，一个外壳内可容纳多个的内壳，只需装拆一次外壳，即可完成多个核燃料组件的运输，提高了运输效率。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述本发明的优选实施例，附图为了说明本发明的优选实施例而不是为了限制本发明的目的。附图中，
图1为本发明一个实施例的核燃料运输容器的分解示意图；
图2为本发明一个实施例的核燃料运输容器截面示意图；
图3为本发明一个实施例的外壳装配后的总体示意图；
图4为本发明一个实施例的内壳的整体结构示意图；
图5为图4中内壳的打开状态示意图。
附图标记：
100-核燃料运输容器；
1-内壳；
11-第一容纳空间；
12-中子吸收板；
13-主体折板；
14-侧板；
141-第一侧板；
142-第二侧板；
143-连接板；
15-顶板；
151-第一顶板；
152-第二顶板；
16-铰链；
17-锁紧装置；
18-第一端盖；
19-第二端盖；
191-定位撑杆；
2-外壳；
21-第二容纳空间；
22-外层壳体；
221-第一外层壳体；
222-第二外层壳体；
223-排气孔；
23-内层壳体；
231-第一内层壳体；
232-第二内层壳体；
24-缓冲隔热材料；
25-上壳；
251-第一连接板；
252-加强部；
253-吊装位；
26-下壳；
261-第二连接板；
262-支撑部；
263-运输设备操作位；
27-螺栓孔；
28-缓冲吸振装置；
3-内外壳联接装置；
4-中子慢化板。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图，对本发明的装配式设备的优选实施方式进行具体说明。附图中，对于相同的构成要素使用相同的附图标记，省略重复说明。
图1为本发明一个实施例的核燃料运输容器100的分解示意图。
如图1所示，本发明的燃料运输容器100包括内壳1和外壳2。内壳1内设有容纳核燃料组件的第一容纳空间11，外壳2内设有容纳至少一个内壳1的第二容纳空间21(见图2)。
本实施例中，第二容纳空间21内可容纳两个内壳1，两个内壳1并排设置在外壳2内。也可以根据实际使用需要，设置可容纳内壳1的数量。在一个外壳2内同时设置多个内壳1，例如本实施例中的两个内壳1，只需对外壳2进行装拆一次，即可完成两个核燃料组件的装拆操作，提高了操作效率。
内壳1和外壳2通过内外壳联接装置3连接固定，内外壳联接装置3可固定设置在外壳2上。在一个具体实施例中，内壳1通过内外壳联接装置3固定安装在外壳2上。
图2为本发明一个实施例的核燃料运输容器100的截面示意图。
如图2所示，外壳2为双层壳体结构，其包括朝向大气侧的外层壳体22和朝向内壳1侧的内层壳体23，外层壳体22和内层壳体23形成密闭空间，在密闭空间内填充有缓冲隔热材料24。外壳2可以采用06Cr19Ni10不锈钢材质，该材质具有强度高耐腐蚀的特点。缓冲隔热材料24可以采用聚氨酯泡沫材料，能够在容器意外跌落及火烧事故的极端工况下起到吸振和吸热的作用，保护核燃料组件的安全。
内层壳体23和内壳1之间设有中子慢化板4，内壳1的内侧设有中子吸收板12，内壳的内侧是指内壳朝向核燃料组件的一侧。内壳1可以采用6000系列铝合金。中子吸收板12具有中子吸收材料，可以采用硼铝合金制成。中子慢化板4具有中子慢化材料，采用超高分子量聚乙烯板制成，中子慢化板4中的氢原子将中子慢化后，被中子吸收板12吸收。通过中子慢化板4将中子慢化，再由中子吸收板12将中子吸收，从而使核燃料运输容器100在正常运输条件和事故运输条件下将核燃料组件维持在次临界状态，保证了安全运输。
在一个具体实施例中，外壳2包括上壳25和下壳26，上壳25和下壳26装配后形成第二容纳空间21。
上壳25包括朝向大气侧的第一外层壳体221和朝向内壳侧的第一内层壳体231；下壳26包括朝向大气侧的第二外层壳体222和朝向内壳1侧的第二内层壳体232。第一外层壳体221和第一内层壳体231形成第一密闭空间，第二外层壳体222和第二内层壳体232形成第二密闭空间，在第一密闭空间和第二密闭空间内分别填充有缓冲隔热材料24，第一密闭空间和第二密闭空间内填充的缓冲隔热材料24可以采用两种不同密度的聚氨酯泡沫，能够吸收外部振动，且在高温时可以 气化并吸收热量，提高容器的减震及耐热性能。
将外壳2分成上壳25和下壳26，在下壳26上固定设置内外壳联接装置3，内壳1通过内外壳联接装置3固定安装在下壳26上，本实施例中，下壳26内设置两个内壳2安装位，从而能容纳两个内壳2，分别在内壳2内放置核燃料组件，实现了一个外壳2内容纳两个核燃料组件的需求。并且，外壳2上下分体设置，将核燃料组件放置在内壳2后，只需将上壳25装配到下壳26上，即可完成了外壳2的组装，使核燃料运输容器100的拆装操作简便，提高作业效率。
进一步地，为了将上壳25与下壳26的拆装更简便，在上壳25上设置第一连接板251，在下壳26上设置第二连接板261，第一连接板251和第二连接板261分别在上壳25和下壳26装配的对应位置外伸，第一连接板251和第二连接板261上分别设置多个对应的螺栓孔27(见图1)，并通过螺栓固定连接，从而实现了上壳25和下壳26的固定连接。
更进一步地，可在第一连接板251和第二连接板261之间设置密封件，例如橡胶垫等，实现外壳2良好的密封性能，避免水及其他杂质进入内壳1。
图3为本发明一个实施例的外壳2装配后的总体示意图。
如图3所示，上壳25和下壳26装配完成后，通过螺栓将上壳25和下壳26连接固定，形成密封的核燃料运输容器100。
图4为本发明一个实施例的内壳1的整体结构示意图。
图4中显示了两个内壳1，两个内壳1对称设置，可分别向两侧打开。
图5为图4中内壳1的打开状态示意图。
如图5所示，内壳1包括主体折板13、侧板14和顶板15，侧板14分别与主体折板13和顶板15通过铰链16连接，顶板15和主体折板13之间设有锁紧装置17，将顶板15和主体折板13锁紧后，主体折板13、侧板14和顶板15形成第一容纳空间11。锁紧装置17可以采用卡扣、螺栓连接等连接方式，将顶部15和主体折板13锁紧固定。
内壳1沿长度方向的两侧端部分别设有第一端盖18和第二端盖19，侧板14包括第一侧板141和第二侧板142，顶板15包括第一顶板151和第二顶板152，第一端盖18与主体折板13固定连接，第二端盖19与第二侧板142和第二顶板152固定连接。
第二侧板142与第二顶板152可以采用螺栓分别与第二端盖19固定连接，第二顶板152与主体折板13之间通过锁紧装置17锁紧，当需要对内壳1内进行检查操作时，可以打开第二顶板152与主体折板13之间的锁紧装置17，将第二顶板152连同第二端盖19及第二侧板142一起翻转打开，从而实现了内壳1内的核燃料组件进行检查，以防止核燃料组件发生倾倒等情况，便于维护，操作简便。第二侧板142与第二顶板152的长度以便于观察和操作为宜。
使用时，将核燃料组件装入内壳1中，将顶板15与主体折板13上相对应的锁紧装置17锁紧。第一侧板141和第二侧板142，以及第一顶板151和第二顶板152之间可以通过连接板143(见图4)连接固定，从而加强内壳1的紧固稳定。
进一步地，第二端盖19上设有定位撑杆191，其对所述核燃料组件进行定位，从而使核燃料组件放置更稳固，防止了核燃料组件倾倒情况的发生。
内壳1端部还可以设置加速度计(图中未显示)，加速度计可以监 测核燃料组件在装卸及运输过程的加速度峰值情况，以防发生危险。
如图2所示，相邻内壳1之间还设有中子慢化板4，中子慢化板4采用超高分子量聚乙烯板制成，中子慢化板4中的氢原子将中子慢化后，被中子吸收板12吸收。通过中子慢化板4将中子慢化，再由中子吸收板12将中子吸收，从而使核燃料运输容器100在正常运输条件和事故运输条件下维持核燃料组件在次临界状态，保证了安全运输。
在运输过程中，发生事故时，为了防止发生事故起火后对中子慢化板4产生破坏，可以在中子慢化板4的外侧包覆有隔热板(未图示)，隔热板可采用陶瓷纤维板，将中子慢化板4包覆后，能够隔绝火场热量，从而保护中子慢化板4。
内壳1内设置有中子吸收板12。在内壳1的主体折板13、侧板14和顶板15上均可设置中子吸收板12。中子吸收板12与核燃料组件之间还可以设有隔离层121(见图2)。隔离层121可以采用软木橡胶板，通过隔离层121可以避免核燃料组件在装拆及运输期间产生划伤，保证了核燃料组件的安全密封。
在内壳1内与核燃料组件的接触的其他部位还可以设有多个橡胶压紧块(未图示)，从而保证核燃料组件在内壳1内放置稳固。同样，为了保证内壳1在外壳2内放置稳固，可以在外壳2内、内壳1长度方向端部设置有缓冲吸振装置28，在运输过程中产生振动摇晃时，可以吸收外部振动，保证内壳的稳定。
如图1和图3所示，外层壳体22上设有多个排气孔223。在运输过程中发生事故时，外壳2内填充的缓冲隔热材料24所采用的聚氨酯泡沫材料会受热产生气体，排气孔223可以将这些气体排出，降低外壳2内压力，保证壳体安全。
为了加强上壳25的结构强度，避免在受到冲击时壳体产生破坏，可以在上壳25朝向大气侧的外层壳体221上设有至少一个加强部252。图1中，加强部252焊接在上壳25外部，在上壳25上并列设置了3个加强部252，具体的数量可以根据实际的外壳2的长度进行设置，以保证强度为宜。
核燃料组件通常外形尺寸较大，重量也很大。为了便于容器安装，在上壳25朝向大气侧的外层壳体221上设有至少一个吊装位253，便于起重设备起吊上壳25。
如图1和图3所示，下壳26朝向大气侧的外层壳体222上设有支撑部262。支撑部262可以设置多个，本实施例中，设置了两个支撑部262，支撑部262沿下壳26长度方向并列布置，用于承受核燃料运输容器100及核燃料组件总体重量。
另外，为了便于对核燃料运输容器100进行转场运输，可以在下壳26朝向大气侧的外层壳体222上设有运输设备操作位263。本实施例中，转场设备采用叉车进行容器转场，则运输设备操作位263为叉车位，将叉车前叉插入叉车位中，实现核燃料运输容器100的转场运输操作。
本发明的核燃料运输容器100，在使用时，可以按照以下步骤进行装载、运输及拆卸。
在核燃料组件进行装载时，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，先将叉车前叉插入运输设备操作位263，将核燃料运输容器100转场至装载位置。
步骤2，拆卸连接上壳25第一连接板251和下壳26第二连接板261之间的连接螺栓。将起重设备连接至上壳的吊装位253上，将上壳 25整体吊起。
步骤3，将固定在下壳26上的内壳1与下壳26整体翻转至垂直位置。
步骤4，打开连接顶板15和主体折板13的锁紧装置17，使内壳1处于打开状态。
步骤5，将核燃料组件吊装至内壳1内，调整好位置后，在内壳1内与核燃料组件的接触的其他部位设置多个橡胶压紧块。
步骤6，将顶板15连同侧板14提起，调整好定位撑杆191与核燃料组件的位置，通过锁紧装置17与主体折板13进行锁紧固定。
步骤7，将固定在下壳26上的内壳1与下壳26整体翻转至水平位置。
步骤8，利用起重设备将上壳25吊装至下壳26上，安装好连接上壳25第一连接板251和下壳26第二连接板261之间的连接螺栓，并对容器安装铅封。
通过上述步骤，即可完成核燃料组件装载至核燃料运输容器100内，装载完成后，即可将燃料运输容器100吊装至运输集装箱内，采用规定的方法进行捆绑，利用带空气减震的燃料运输车辆将核燃料组件运送至核电厂。
到达核电厂后，可以根据装载核燃料组件的步骤将燃料运输容器100开启，并取出核燃料组件。
本发明的核燃料运输容器，采用外壳2和内壳1的壳体结构，在外壳2内填充缓冲隔热材料24，内层壳体23和内壳1之间设有中子慢化板4，确保了核燃料组件在受到振动冲击时的安全，使核燃料组件保 持在次临界状态。并且，一个外壳2内可容纳多个内壳1，只需装拆一次外壳2，即可完成多个核燃料组件的运输，提高了运输效率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，包括
    内壳，其内设有容纳核燃料组件的第一容纳空间；
    外壳，其内设有容纳至少一个所述内壳的第二容纳空间；
    内外壳联接装置，其连接所述内壳和所述外壳；
    其中，
    所述内壳的内侧设有中子吸收板，
    所述外壳是由朝向大气侧的外层壳体和朝向内壳侧的内层壳体组成的双层壳体结构，所述外层壳体和所述内层壳体形成密闭空间，在所述密闭空间内填充有缓冲隔热材料，
    所述内层壳体和所述内壳之间设有中子慢化板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述外壳包括上壳和下壳，所述上壳和所述下壳装配后形成所述第二容纳空间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述内壳包括主体折板、侧板和顶板，所述侧板分别与所述主体折板和所述顶板铰链连接，所述顶板和所述折板之间设有锁紧装置，将所述顶板和所述折板锁紧后，所述主体折板、侧板和顶板形成所述第一容纳空间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述内壳沿长度方向的两侧端部分别设有第一端盖和第二端盖，
    所述侧板包括第一侧板和第二侧板，所述顶板包括第一顶板和第二顶板，
    所述第一端盖与所述主体折板固定连接，所述第二端盖与所述第二侧板和所述第二顶板固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述第二端盖上设有定位撑杆，其对所述核燃料组件进行定位。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述外层壳体上设有多个排气孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    相邻所述内壳之间设有中子慢化板。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述中子慢化板外侧包覆有隔热板。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述中子吸收板与所述核燃料组件之间设有隔离层。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述上壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有至少一个加强部。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述上壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有至少一个吊装位。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述下壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有支撑部。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的核燃料运输容器，其特征在于，
    所述下壳朝向大气侧的外层壳体上设有运输设备操作位。
PCT/CN2021/086260 2020-04-09 2021-04-09 核燃料运输容器 Ceased WO2021204265A1 (zh)

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