WO2021205821A1 - 正極材料および電池 - Google Patents
正極材料および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021205821A1 WO2021205821A1 PCT/JP2021/010468 JP2021010468W WO2021205821A1 WO 2021205821 A1 WO2021205821 A1 WO 2021205821A1 JP 2021010468 W JP2021010468 W JP 2021010468W WO 2021205821 A1 WO2021205821 A1 WO 2021205821A1
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to positive electrode materials and batteries.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a battery using a halide as a solid electrolyte.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a battery using sulfide as a solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode material in one aspect of the present disclosure is Positive electrode active material and A coating layer containing a first solid electrolyte and covering at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material, With The positive electrode active material and the coating layer constitute a coating active material.
- the pore volume of the positive electrode active material is represented by V ⁇
- the pore volume of the coating active material is represented by V ⁇
- the specific surface area of the positive positive active material is represented by S ⁇
- the ratio of the coating active material is represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.20 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.88 and 0.81 ⁇ S ⁇ / S ⁇ ⁇ 0.97 is satisfied. ..
- the initial efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a positive electrode material according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the battery according to the second embodiment.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an all-solid-state secondary battery containing a halide solid electrolyte exhibits good charge / discharge characteristics.
- the present inventors have found that the contact state between the positive electrode active material and the halide solid electrolyte is related to the charge / discharge efficiency.
- the present inventors have speculated that the cause of the contact state being related to charge / discharge efficiency is the balance between electron resistance and interfacial resistance. Specifically, when the contact rate between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte is low, the interfacial resistance increases, and when the contact rate between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte is high, the electron resistance increases. In order to solve this problem, it is important to realize a contact state between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte so as to suppress the two resistance components to low resistance.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that an all-solid secondary battery containing a sulfide solid electrolyte exhibits good charge / discharge characteristics.
- the initial efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the positive electrode material according to the first aspect may satisfy 0.60 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.76. According to such a configuration, the initial efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the positive electrode material according to the first or second aspect may satisfy 0.86 ⁇ S ⁇ / S ⁇ ⁇ 0.89. According to such a configuration, the initial efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the positive electrode material according to the fourth aspect may satisfy 0.95 ⁇ W ⁇ / W ⁇ ⁇ 0.975. According to such a configuration, the initial efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be larger than 14 nm and smaller than 167 nm. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be 32 nm or more and 71 nm or less. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the first solid electrolyte may be represented by the following composition formula (1), and here.
- ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, and ⁇ 1 may each independently have a value greater than 0, and M1 may contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements.
- X1 may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the M1 may contain yttrium. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the X1 may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the positive electrode active material may contain Ni, Co, and Mn. According to such a configuration, the energy density and charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further increased.
- the positive electrode material according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects may further contain a second solid electrolyte. According to such a configuration, sufficient ionic conductivity in the positive electrode material can be ensured.
- the volume of the first solid electrolyte is represented by V ⁇ and the volume of the second solid electrolyte is represented by V ⁇ , it is 0. .05 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.97 may be satisfied. According to such a configuration, the energy density and charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further increased.
- the second solid electrolyte may be represented by the following composition formula (3), where ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2, And ⁇ 2 may each independently have a value greater than 0, M2 may contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements, and X2 may contain. It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the halide solid electrolyte represented by the formula (3) is used in the battery, the output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the X2 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the battery according to the 22nd aspect of the present disclosure is A positive electrode containing a positive electrode material according to any one of the 14th to 21st aspects, and a positive electrode. With the negative electrode An electrolyte layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, To be equipped.
- the initial efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the positive electrode material 1000 according to the first embodiment.
- the positive electrode material 1000 in the first embodiment contains the coating active material 130.
- the coating active material 130 includes a positive electrode active material 110 and a coating layer 111.
- the shape of the positive electrode active material 110 is, for example, particulate.
- the coating layer 111 covers at least a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the coating layer 111 is a layer containing the first solid electrolyte.
- a coating layer 111 is provided on the surface of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the coating layer 111 may contain only the first solid electrolyte. "Containing only the first solid electrolyte” means that no material other than the first solid electrolyte is intentionally added except for unavoidable impurities. For example, the raw material of the first solid electrolyte, the by-products generated when the first solid electrolyte is produced, and the like are included in the unavoidable impurities.
- the positive electrode material 1000 further contains the second solid electrolyte 100.
- the shape of the second solid electrolyte 100 is, for example, particulate. According to the second solid electrolyte 100, the ionic conductivity of the positive electrode material 1000 can be sufficiently ensured.
- the positive electrode active material 110 is separated from the second solid electrolyte 100 by the coating layer 111.
- the positive electrode active material 110 does not have to be in direct contact with the second solid electrolyte 100. This is because the coating layer 111 has ionic conductivity.
- the coating layer 111 may uniformly coat the positive electrode active material 110.
- the coating layer 111 suppresses direct contact between the positive electrode active material 110 and the second solid electrolyte 100, and suppresses side reactions of the second solid electrolyte 100. As a result, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be improved, and an increase in the reaction overvoltage of the battery can be suppressed.
- the coating layer 111 may cover only a part of the surface of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the particles of the positive electrode active material 110 come into direct contact with each other through the portion not covered by the coating layer 111, so that the electron conductivity between the particles of the positive electrode active material 110 is improved. As a result, the battery can be operated at high output.
- the pore volume of the positive electrode active material 110 is represented by V ⁇
- the pore volume of the coating active material 130 is represented by V ⁇
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material 110 is represented by S ⁇ and coated.
- the specific surface area of the active material 130 is represented by S ⁇ .
- the ideal coating state not only contributes to an appropriate balance between electron resistance and interfacial resistance, but also forms an oxide film by oxidative decomposition of another solid electrolyte (second solid electrolyte 100) during battery charging. Suppress. As a result, the initial efficiency of the battery is improved.
- “Initial efficiency” means the ratio of the discharge capacity to the charge capacity in the first cycle after the completion of the battery.
- the pore volume V ⁇ of the positive electrode active material 110 means the pore volume V ⁇ of the particles of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the pore volume V ⁇ of the coating active material 130 means the pore volume V ⁇ of the particles of the coating active material 130. In reality, it is difficult to measure the pore volume of one particle, so the pore volume V ⁇ can be the pore volume of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the pore volume V ⁇ can be the pore volume of the particle group of the coating active material 130.
- the ratio V ⁇ / V ⁇ of the pore volume preferably satisfies the relationship of 0.60 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.76.
- the pore volume ratio V ⁇ / V ⁇ is in such a range, the initial efficiency of the battery can be reliably improved.
- Pore volume V ⁇ and V ⁇ mean the total pore volume and can be measured by the following methods. First, the isotherm adsorption line is measured using a gas adsorption amount measuring device. The pore size distribution is obtained from the desorption isotherm by the BJH method, and the total pore volume (unit: cm 3 / g) is calculated from the pore size distribution.
- the specific surface area ratio S ⁇ / S ⁇ represents the rate of change in the specific surface area when the coating layer 111 is provided.
- the change in the specific surface area reflects the coating state of the positive electrode active material 110 by the coating layer 111.
- the specific surface area ratio S ⁇ / S ⁇ decreases.
- the specific surface area S ⁇ of the positive electrode active material 110 means the specific surface area S ⁇ of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the specific surface area S beta of coated active material 130 refers to the specific surface area S beta particle group of coated active material 130.
- the specific surface area ratio S ⁇ / S ⁇ preferably satisfies the relationship of 0.86 ⁇ S ⁇ / S ⁇ ⁇ 0.89.
- the specific surface area ratio S ⁇ / S ⁇ is in such a range, the initial efficiency of the battery can be reliably improved.
- the specific surface areas S ⁇ and S ⁇ can be measured by the following methods. First, the isotherm is measured using a commercially available gas adsorption amount measuring device. The specific surface area (unit: m 2 / g) is calculated from the desorption isotherm by the BET analysis method.
- Another parameter that reflects the coating state of the positive electrode active material 110 by the coating layer 111 is a change in weight.
- the weight of the positive electrode active material 110 is represented by W ⁇
- the weight of the coating active material 130 is represented by W ⁇ .
- 0.90 ⁇ W ⁇ / W ⁇ ⁇ 0.99 is satisfied in the positive electrode material 1000.
- the weight ratio W ⁇ / W ⁇ represents the rate of change in weight when the coating layer 111 is provided.
- the change in weight reflects the coating state of the positive electrode active material 110 by the coating layer 111.
- the weight ratio W ⁇ / W ⁇ decreases. The smaller the coating of the positive electrode active material 110 by the coating layer 111, the higher the weight ratio W ⁇ / W ⁇ .
- the ideal coating state not only contributes to an appropriate balance between electron resistance and interfacial resistance, but also forms an oxide film by oxidative decomposition of another solid electrolyte (second solid electrolyte 100) during battery charging. Suppress. As a result, the initial efficiency of the battery is improved.
- the weight W ⁇ of the positive electrode active material 110 means the weight W ⁇ of the particle group of the positive electrode active material 110.
- the weight W ⁇ of the coating active material 130 means the weight W ⁇ of the particle group of the coating active material 130.
- the weight ratio W ⁇ / W ⁇ preferably satisfies the relationship of 0.95 ⁇ W ⁇ / W ⁇ ⁇ 0.975.
- the initial efficiency of the battery can be reliably improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer 111 is, for example, 1 nm or more.
- the thickness of the coating layer 111 is appropriately adjusted, the contact between the positive electrode active material 110 and the second solid electrolyte 100 can be suppressed, and the side reaction of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be suppressed. Therefore, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer 111 may be larger than 14 nm and smaller than 167 nm.
- the thickness of the coating layer 111 is preferably 32 nm or more and 71 nm or less. According to such a configuration, the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be surely improved.
- the thickness of the coating layer 111 can be measured by the following method. First, the coating active material 130 is ion-milled. Then, the cross section of the particles of the coating active material 130 is observed with an electron microscope. The thickness of the coating layer 111 is measured at any plurality of points (for example, three points) in the observation field of view. The average value of the obtained measured values can be regarded as the thickness of the coating layer 111.
- the positive electrode active material 110, the coating layer 111, and the second solid electrolyte 100 will be described in more detail.
- Coating layer 111 As the first solid electrolyte contained in the coating layer 111, a material having low electron conductivity and oxidation resistance can be used. For example, as the first solid electrolyte, a halide solid electrolyte or the like can be used.
- the halide solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and high potential stability. Therefore, by using the halide solid electrolyte, it is possible to further improve the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery and further suppress the increase in the reaction overvoltage of the battery.
- the first solid electrolyte contained in the coating layer 111 may be a halide solid electrolyte.
- Metalloid element includes B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
- Metallic elements include all elements contained in groups 1 to 12 of the periodic table except hydrogen, as well as B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, C, N, P, O, S, and Se. Includes all elements contained in groups 13 to 16 except. That is, the metal element is a group of elements that can become a cation when forming an inorganic compound with a halogen compound.
- the halide solid electrolyte represented by the formula (1) has a higher ionic conductivity as compared with a halide solid electrolyte such as LiI consisting only of Li and a halogen element. Therefore, when the halide solid electrolyte represented by the formula (1) is used in the battery, the output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- X1 may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br.
- X1 may contain Cl and Br.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the halide solid electrolyte containing Y may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (2).
- Me contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and Y and metalloid elements.
- m is the valence of Me.
- X comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- Me may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Sc, Al, Ga, Bi, Zr, Hf, Ti, Sn, Ta and Nb.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the halide solid electrolyte does not have to contain sulfur.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A1).
- X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br.
- 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2 is satisfied.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A2).
- X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A3).
- A3 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0.15 is satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A4).
- composition formula (A4) 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0.25 is satisfied.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A6).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Ga, and Bi.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A7).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, and Ti.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the first solid electrolyte may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (A8).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta and Nb.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ -2a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the first solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- Li 3 YX 6 Li 2 MgX 4 , Li 2 FeX 4 , Li (Al, Ga, In) X 4 , Li 3 (Al, Ga, In) X 6 and the like can be used. ..
- X contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br.
- a typical composition of Li 3 YX 6 is, for example, Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4 .
- the first solid electrolyte may contain Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4.
- the first solid electrolyte may be Li 2.7 Y 1.1 Cl 6 , Li 3 YBr 6 or Li 2.5 Y 0.5 Zr 0.5 Cl 6 .
- the charging / discharging efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 contains a material having a high ionic conductivity.
- the second solid electrolyte can be a halide solid electrolyte.
- a compound represented by the following composition formula (3) can be used as the second solid electrolyte 100.
- ⁇ 2, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 2 are independently larger than 0.
- M2 contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of metallic elements other than Li and metalloid elements.
- X2 comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- M2 may contain Y. That is, the second solid electrolyte 100 may contain Y as a metal element.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- X2 may contain Br and Cl.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (B1).
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2 is satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (B3).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ + a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6, and ( x + y) ⁇ 6 is satisfied.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (B4).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, Ga, and Bi.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6, and (x + y) ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (B5).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, and Ti.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6 and (x + y) ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a compound represented by the following composition formula (B6).
- Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta and Nb.
- -1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ (3-3 ⁇ -2a), 0 ⁇ (1 + ⁇ -a), 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 6 and (x + y) ⁇ 6 are satisfied.
- the ionic conductivity of the second solid electrolyte 100 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- Li 3 YX 6 Li 2 MgX 4 , Li 2 FeX 4 , Li (Al, Ga, In) X 4 , Li 3 (Al, Ga, In) X 6 and the like are used. sell.
- X comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- a typical composition of Li 3 YX 6 is, for example, Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4 .
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may contain Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4.
- the charging / discharging efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte for example, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5, Li 2 S-SiS 2, Li 2 S-B 2 S 3, Li 2 S-GeS 2, Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 and the like can be used.
- LiX, Li 2 O, MO q, like Li p MO q may be added.
- the element X in "LiX" is at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the element M in "MO q " and “Li p MO q” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, In, Fe, and Zn.
- P and q in “MO q “ and “Li p MO q " are independent natural numbers, respectively.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 may be a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may contain lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte may be Li 2 SP 2 S 5 .
- Li 2 SP 2 S 5 has high ionic conductivity and is stable against redox. Therefore, by using Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further improved.
- the halide solid electrolyte used as the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte may contain an oxygen atom as an anion other than the halogen element.
- the positive electrode active material 110 may contain Ni, Co, and Mn.
- the positive electrode active material 110 may be nickel, cobalt, or lithium manganate.
- the positive electrode active material 110 may be Li (NiComn) O 2 .
- the energy density and charge / discharge efficiency of the battery can be further increased.
- the median diameter of the second solid electrolyte 100 in the first embodiment is particulate (for example, spherical)
- the median diameter may be 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 can form a good dispersed state in the positive electrode material 1000. Therefore, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the median diameter of the second solid electrolyte 100 may be 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 can form a good dispersed state.
- the median diameter of the second solid electrolyte 100 may be smaller than the median diameter of the coating active material 130.
- the median diameter of the coating active material 130 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 can form a good dispersed state in the positive electrode material 1000. As a result, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery are improved.
- the battery can operate at high output.
- the median diameter of the coating active material 130 may be larger than the median diameter of the second solid electrolyte 100. As a result, the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 can form a good dispersed state.
- the second solid electrolyte 100 and the coating active material 130 may be in contact with each other as shown in FIG. At this time, the coating layer 111 and the positive electrode active material 110 come into contact with each other.
- the positive electrode material 1000 may contain a plurality of particles of the second solid electrolyte 100 and a plurality of particles of the coating active material 130.
- the "median diameter” means the particle size when the cumulative volume in the volume-based particle size distribution is equal to 50%.
- the volume-based particle size distribution is measured, for example, by a laser diffraction measuring device or an image analyzer.
- the raw material powders are mixed, crushed and reacted using the method of mechanochemical milling.
- the raw material powder may be mixed well and then sintered in a vacuum.
- the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte containing the crystal phase as described above can be obtained.
- composition of the crystal phase (that is, the crystal structure) in the solid electrolyte can be determined by adjusting the reaction method and reaction conditions between the raw material powders.
- the coating active material 130 can be produced by the following method.
- the powder of the positive electrode active material 110 and the powder of the first solid electrolyte are mixed in an appropriate ratio to obtain a mixture.
- the mixture is milled to give the mixture mechanical energy.
- a mixing device such as a ball mill can be used for the milling process.
- the milling treatment may be carried out in a dry atmosphere and an inert atmosphere.
- the apparatus used in the method for producing the coating active material 130 is not particularly limited, and may be an apparatus capable of imparting mechanical energy such as impact, compression, and shear to the mixture of the positive electrode active material 110 and the first solid electrolyte. ..
- mechanical energy such as impact, compression, and shear
- compression shear type processing devices particle compounding devices
- ball mills ball mills
- Mechanisms manufactured by Hosokawa Micron
- Nobilta manufactured by Hosokawa Micron
- Mechanism is a particle compounding device that uses dry mechanical compounding technology by applying strong mechanical energy to multiple different material particles.
- mechanofusion the powder raw material charged between the rotating container and the press head is subjected to mechanical energy such as compression, shearing, and friction, so that the particles are compounded.
- Nobilta is a particle compositing device that uses dry mechanical compositing technology, which is a development of particle compositing technology, in order to composite nanoparticles using nanoparticles as a raw material. Nobilta produces composite particles by applying impact, compression, and shear mechanical energies to multiple feedstock powders.
- a rotor in a horizontal cylindrical mixing container, a rotor arranged so as to have a predetermined gap with the inner wall of the mixing container rotates at high speed and forcibly passes through the gap with respect to the raw material powder. The process of causing is repeated multiple times. Thereby, impact, compression, and shearing forces can be applied to the mixture to prepare composite particles of the positive electrode active material 110 and the first solid electrolyte. Conditions such as rotor rotation speed, processing time, and charging amount can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the positive electrode material 1000 is obtained by mixing the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100.
- the method of mixing the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 is not particularly limited.
- the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 may be mixed using an instrument such as a dairy bowl, or the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 may be mixed using a mixing device such as a ball mill. May be good.
- the mixing ratio of the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 is also not particularly limited.
- the volume of the first solid electrolyte in the coating active material 130 is represented by V ⁇ and the volume of the second solid electrolyte 100 is represented by V ⁇ , 0.05 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.97.
- the mixing ratio of the coating active material 130 and the second solid electrolyte 100 is adjusted so as to be satisfied. Thereby, the energy density and charge / discharge efficiency of the battery 2000 can be further increased.
- the volume ratio V ⁇ / V ⁇ preferably satisfies the relationship 0.13 ⁇ V ⁇ / V ⁇ ⁇ 0.43.
- the initial efficiency of the battery can be reliably improved.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the battery 2000 according to the second embodiment.
- the battery 2000 in the second embodiment includes a positive electrode 201, an electrolyte layer 202, and a negative electrode 203.
- the positive electrode 201 includes the positive electrode material 1000 according to the first embodiment.
- the electrolyte layer 202 is arranged between the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203.
- the initial efficiency of the battery 2000 can be improved.
- the thickness of the positive electrode 201 may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the positive electrode 201 is 10 ⁇ m or more, the energy density of the battery 2000 is sufficiently secured. When the thickness of the positive electrode 201 is 500 ⁇ m or less, operation at high output is possible.
- the electrolyte layer 202 is a layer containing an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte is, for example, a solid electrolyte (ie, a third solid electrolyte). That is, the electrolyte layer 202 may be a solid electrolyte layer.
- a halide solid electrolyte As the third solid electrolyte contained in the electrolyte layer 202, a halide solid electrolyte, a sulfide solid electrolyte, an oxide solid electrolyte, a polymer solid electrolyte, or a complex hydride solid electrolyte may be used.
- the third solid electrolyte is a halide solid electrolyte
- the same halide solid electrolyte as the first solid electrolyte and / or the second solid electrolyte in the first embodiment may be used as the halide solid electrolyte. That is, the electrolyte layer 202 may contain a halide solid electrolyte having the same composition as that of the first solid electrolyte and / or the second solid electrolyte.
- the output density and charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000 can be further improved.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the solid electrolyte is a sulfide solid electrolyte
- the sulfide solid electrolyte Li 2 S-P 2 S 5, Li 2 S-SiS 2, Li 2 S-B 2 S 3, Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 10 Ge P 2 S 12 and the like
- LiX, Li 2 O, MO q, like Li p MO q may be added.
- the element X in "LiX" is at least one element selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the same sulfide solid electrolyte as the second solid electrolyte in the first embodiment may be used. That is, the electrolyte layer 202 may contain a sulfide solid electrolyte having the same composition as that of the second solid electrolyte in the first embodiment.
- the electrolyte layer 202 contains the same sulfide solid electrolyte as the second solid electrolyte 100, the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000 can be improved.
- the oxide solid electrolyte may be, for example, a NASICON type solid electrolyte represented by LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and an elemental substituent thereof, or a (LaLi) TiO 3 system.
- Perobskite type solid electrolytes, Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16 , Li 4 SiO 4 , LiGeO 4 and LISION type solid electrolytes typified by elemental substituents, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and its elemental substituents are typified.
- the third solid electrolyte is a polymer solid electrolyte
- a compound of a polymer compound and a lithium salt can be used as the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure. By having an ethylene oxide structure, the polymer compound can contain a large amount of lithium salts, so that the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
- the lithium salt LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSO 3 CF 3, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) ( SO 2 C 4 F 9 ), LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 and the like can be used.
- the lithium salt one lithium salt selected from these may be used alone, or a mixture of two or more lithium salts selected from these may be used.
- the third solid electrolyte is a complex hydride solid electrolyte
- LiBH 4- LiI, LiBH 4- P 2 S 5 and the like can be used as the complex hydride solid electrolyte.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain 70% or more of the third solid electrolyte in terms of the weight ratio with respect to the entire electrolyte layer 202.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 202 contains the third solid electrolyte as a main component, and further contains unavoidable impurities, starting materials, by-products, decomposition products, and the like used in synthesizing the third solid electrolyte. You may.
- the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000 can be further improved.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may be composed of only the third solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain two or more of the materials listed as the third solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte layer 202 may contain a halide solid electrolyte and a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 202 may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the electrolyte layer 202 is 1 ⁇ m or more, the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 can be separated more reliably. When the thickness of the electrolyte layer 202 is 300 ⁇ m or less, operation at high output can be realized.
- the negative electrode 203 includes a material having the property of occluding and releasing metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- the negative electrode 203 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode 203 may contain a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte the solid electrolyte exemplified as the material constituting the electrolyte layer 202 may be used. According to the above configuration, the lithium ion conductivity inside the negative electrode 203 is enhanced, and operation at high output becomes possible.
- the median diameter of the particles of the negative electrode active material may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the particles of the negative electrode active material is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the negative electrode active material and the solid electrolyte can form a good dispersed state in the negative electrode. This improves the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery 2000. Further, when the median diameter of the negative electrode active material is 100 ⁇ m or less, lithium diffusion in the negative electrode active material becomes fast. Therefore, the battery 2000 can operate at a high output.
- the median diameter of the particles of the negative electrode active material may be larger than the median diameter of the solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 203. As a result, a good dispersed state of the particles of the negative electrode active material and the particles of the solid electrolyte can be formed.
- 30 ⁇ v2 ⁇ 95 may be satisfied with respect to the volume ratio “v2: 100-v2” of the negative electrode active material and the solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 203. In the case of 30 ⁇ v2, a sufficient energy density of the battery 2000 can be secured. When v2 ⁇ 95, operation at high output can be realized.
- the thickness of the negative electrode 203 may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the negative electrode 203 is 10 ⁇ m or more, a sufficient energy density of the battery 2000 can be secured. Further, when the thickness of the negative electrode 203 is 500 ⁇ m or less, operation at high output can be realized.
- At least one of the positive electrode 201, the electrolyte layer 202, and the negative electrode 203 may contain a binder for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the particles.
- the binder is used to improve the binding property of the material constituting the electrode.
- the binder polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic nitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid methyl ester, polyacrylic acid ethyl ester, poly Acrylic acid hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, polymethacrylic acid ethyl ester, polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyvinylidene acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polyether sulfone, hexafluoropolypropylene, styrene
- the binders include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid, and Copolymers of two or more materials selected from the group consisting of hexadiene can be used. Further, two or more kinds selected from these may be mixed and used as a binder.
- At least one of the positive electrode 201 and the negative electrode 203 may contain a conductive auxiliary agent for the purpose of enhancing electronic conductivity.
- the conductive auxiliary agent include graphites of natural graphite or artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black and Ketjen black, conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers, and metal powders such as carbon fluoride and aluminum.
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate, conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide, conductive polymer compounds such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and the like can be used.
- a powder of Li (NiComn) O 2 (hereinafter referred to as NCM) was prepared.
- the coating layer was formed by compression shear treatment using a particle composite device (NOB-MINI, manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.).
- NOB-MINI a particle composite device manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.
- the positive electrode active material and the first solid electrolyte are weighed so as to have a weight ratio of 97.5: 2.5, and treated under the conditions of blade clearance: 2 mm and treatment time: 10 min.
- the coating active material of Example 1 was obtained.
- Example 2 In the compression shear treatment when producing the coating active material, the positive electrode material of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material and the first solid electrolyte was changed to 95: 5. Obtained.
- Example 3 [Preparation of sulfide solid electrolyte]
- Comparative Example 1 The positive electrode material of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that NCM having no coating layer was used.
- Comparative Example 2 In the compression shear treatment when producing the coating active material, the positive electrode material of Comparative Example 2 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material and the first solid electrolyte was changed to 99: 1. Obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 In the compression shear treatment when producing the coating active material, the positive electrode material of Comparative Example 3 was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material and the first solid electrolyte was changed to 90:10. Obtained.
- Comparative Example 4 The positive electrode material of Comparative Example 4 was obtained by the same method as in Example 3 except that NCM having no coating layer was used.
- Example 1 Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, a gas adsorption amount measuring device (manufactured by Quantachrome, Autosorb-3) was used, and the positive electrode active material was used by the method described above.
- the pore volume was measured V beta pore volume V alpha and coated active material of a NCM.
- the ratio V ⁇ / V ⁇ of the pore volume was calculated from the measurement results.
- Example 1 Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, a gas adsorption amount measuring device (manufactured by Quantachrome, Autosorb-3) was used, and the positive electrode active material was used by the method described above.
- the specific surface area S ⁇ of a certain NCM and the specific surface area S ⁇ of the coating active material were measured.
- the specific surface area ratio S ⁇ / S ⁇ was calculated from the measurement results.
- Example 1 Example 2, Example 3, with respect to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, and a weight W beta weight W alpha and coated active material of NCM as a cathode active material, the ratio of the weight W ⁇ / W ⁇ was calculated.
- Example 1 With respect to Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, the thickness d of the coating layer in the coating active material was measured by the method described above.
- the ion milling treatment of the coating active material was carried out using a cross section polisher (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., SM-09010) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 5 kV and a processing time of 8 hours.
- the cross-sectional observation of the particles of the coating active material was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SU-70, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) under the conditions of an acceleration voltage of 2 kV and a magnification of 100 times.
- the thickness of the coating layer was determined from the average film thickness of the three points in the observation field.
- metal Li thinness 200 ⁇ m
- the obtained laminate was pressure-molded at a pressure of 80 MPa to prepare a laminate composed of a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode.
- a battery was manufactured by sealing the insulating outer cylinder with an insulating ferrule to block the inside of the outer cylinder from the outside air atmosphere.
- the battery was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C.
- the battery was constantly charged with a current value of 140 ⁇ A, which is a 0.05 C rate (20 hour rate) with respect to the theoretical capacity of the battery, until the voltage reached 4.3 V. After a 20-minute pause, the battery was constantly discharged to a voltage of 2.5 V at a current value of 140 ⁇ A at a 0.05 C rate (20 hour rate).
- Example 3 when a sulfide solid electrolyte is used as the second solid electrolyte, the initial efficiency of the battery can be improved by using the positive electrode material in which the surface of the positive electrode active material is coated with the halide solid electrolyte. Improved. This is considered to be the result of suppressing the oxidation of the sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the battery of the present disclosure can be used as, for example, an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery.
- Positive electrode material 100 Second solid electrolyte 110 Positive electrode active material 111 Coating layer 130 Coating active material 2000 Battery 201 Positive electrode 202 Electrolyte layer 203 Negative electrode
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Abstract
Description
正極活物質と、
第1固体電解質を含み、前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記正極活物質および前記被覆層は、被覆活物質を構成し、
前記正極活物質の細孔容積がVαで表され、前記被覆活物質の細孔容積がVβで表され、前記正極活物質の比表面積がSαで表され、前記被覆活物質の比表面積がSβで表されるとき、0.20<Vβ/Vα<0.88、および、0.81<Sβ/Sα<0.97からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが満たされる。
特許文献1は、ハロゲン化物固体電解質を含む全固体二次電池が良好な充放電特性を示すことを開示している。
本開示の第1態様に係る正極材料は、
正極活物質と、
第1固体電解質を含み、前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記正極活物質および前記被覆層は、被覆活物質を構成し、
前記正極活物質の細孔容積がVαで表され、前記被覆活物質の細孔容積がVβで表され、前記正極活物質の比表面積がSαで表され、前記被覆活物質の比表面積がSβで表されるとき、0.20<Vβ/Vα<0.88、および、0.81<Sβ/Sα<0.97からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが満たされる。
Liα1M1β1X1γ1・・・式(1)
Liα2M2β2X2γ2・・・式(3)
第14から第21態様のいずれか1つに係る正極材料を含む正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に設けられた電解質層と、
を備える。
図1は、実施の形態1における正極材料1000の概略構成を示す断面図である。
被覆層111に含まれる第1固体電解質としては、電子伝導性が低く、酸化耐性を有する材料が用いられうる。例えば、第1固体電解質として、ハロゲン化物固体電解質などが用いられうる。
第2固体電解質100は、高いイオン導電率を有する材料を含む。第2固体電解質は、ハロゲン化物固体電解質でありうる。第2固体電解質100としては、下記の組成式(3)で表される化合物が使用されうる。組成式(3)において、α2、β2、およびγ2は、それぞれ独立して、0より大きい値である。M2は、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含む。X2は、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む。
正極活物質110は、金属イオン(例えば、リチウムイオン)を吸蔵および放出する特性を有する材料を含む。正極活物質110として、例えば、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物(例えば、Li(NiCoAl)O2、Li(NiCoMn)O2、LiCoO2など)、遷移金属フッ化物、ポリアニオン材料、フッ素化ポリアニオン材料、遷移金属硫化物、遷移金属オキシ硫化物、遷移金属オキシ窒化物などが用いられうる。特に、正極活物質110として、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いた場合には、製造コストを安くでき、平均放電電圧を高めることができる。
以下、実施の形態2が説明される。上述の実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
[第2固体電解質の作製]
露点-60℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で、原料粉であるLiCl、LiBr、およびYCl3を、モル比でLiCl:LiBr:YCl3=1:2:1となるように秤量した。遊星型ボールミル(フリッチュ社製、P-5型)を用い、25時間、600rpmの条件で得られた混合物をミリング処理した。これにより、Li3Y1Br2Cl4(以下、LYBCと表記する)の組成式で表される第2固体電解質の粉末を得た。
露点-60℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で、原料粉であるLiCl、LiBr、およびYCl3を、モル比でLiCl:LiBr:YCl3=1:2:1となるように秤量した。遊星型ボールミル(フリッチュ社製、P-5型)を用い、25時間、600rpmの条件で得られた混合物をミリング処理した。これにより、Li3Y1Br2Cl4の組成式で表される第1固体電解質の粉末を得た。
正極活物質として、Li(NiCoMn)O2(以下、NCMと表記する)の粉末を用意した。NCM上にLi3Y1Br2Cl4でできた被覆層を形成した。被覆層は、粒子複合化装置(NOB-MINI、ホソカワミクロン社製)を用いた圧縮せん断処理により形成した。具体的には、正極活物質と第1固体電解質とを97.5:2.5の重量比となるように秤量し、ブレードクリアランス:2mm、処理時間:10minの条件で処理することで、実施例1の被覆活物質を得た。
アルゴングローブボックス内で、NCMと、固体電解質(第1固体電解質と第2固体電解質との合計)との体積比率が73:27となるように、実施例1の被覆活物質および第2固体電解質を秤量した。これらをメノウ乳鉢で混合することで、実施例1の正極材料を作製した。
被覆活物質を作製する際の圧縮せん断処理において、正極活物質と第1固体電解質との重量比を95:5に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で実施例2の正極材料を得た。
[硫化物固体電解質の作製]
露点-60℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で、原料粉であるLi2SとP2S5とを、モル比でLi2S:P2S5=75:25となるように秤量した。これらを乳鉢で粉砕して混合して混合物を得た。その後、遊星型ボールミル(フリッチュ社製、P-7型)を用い、10時間、510rpmの条件で混合物をミリング処理した。これにより、ガラス状の固体電解質を得た。ガラス状の固体電解質について、不活性雰囲気中、270℃、2時間の条件で熱処理した。これにより、第2固体電解質として、ガラスセラミックス状の固体電解質であるLi2S-P2S5を得た。
アルゴングローブボックス内で、NCMと、固体電解質(第1固体電解質と第2固体電解質との合計)との体積比率が50:50となるように、実施例1の被覆活物質および第2固体電解質としてのLi2S-P2S5を秤量した。これらをメノウ乳鉢で混合することで、実施例3の正極材料を作製した。
被覆層を有さないNCMを用いたことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で比較例1の正極材料を得た。
被覆活物質を作製する際の圧縮せん断処理において、正極活物質と第1固体電解質との重量比を99:1に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で比較例2の正極材料を得た。
被覆活物質を作製する際の圧縮せん断処理において、正極活物質と第1固体電解質との重量比を90:10に変更したことを除き、実施例1と同じ方法で比較例3の正極材料を得た。
被覆層を有さないNCMを用いたことを除き、実施例3と同じ方法で比較例4の正極材料を得た。
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、比較例2および比較例3に関して、ガス吸着量測定装置(Quantachrome社製、Autosorb-3)を使用し、先に説明した方法によって、正極活物質であるNCMの細孔容積Vαおよび被覆活物質の細孔容積Vβを測定した。測定結果から細孔容積の比Vβ/Vαを計算した。
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、比較例2および比較例3に関して、ガス吸着量測定装置(Quantachrome社製、Autosorb-3)を使用し、先に説明した方法によって、正極活物質であるNCMの比表面積Sαおよび被覆活物質の比表面積Sβを測定した。測定結果から比表面積の比Sβ/Sαを計算した。
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、比較例2および比較例3に関して、正極活物質であるNCMの重量Wαと被覆活物質の重量Wβとから、重量の比Wα/Wβを計算した。
第2固体電解質の体積Vδに対する第1固体電解質の体積Vγの比Vγ/Vδを算出した。第1固体電解質の体積Vγおよび第2固体電解質の体積Vδとして、正極材料の作製時における第1固体電解質および第2固体電解質の使用量を用いた。
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3、比較例2および比較例3に関して、先に説明した方法によって、被覆活物質における被覆層の厚みdを測定した。被覆活物質のイオンミリング処理は、クロスセクションポリッシャ(日本電子社製、SM-09010)を用い、加速電圧5kV、加工時間8時間の条件で行った。被覆活物質の粒子の断面観察は、走査電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、SU-70)を用い、加速電圧2kV、倍率100倍の条件で行った。観察視野内の3点の平均膜厚から被覆層の厚みを求めた。
正極材料、Li3Y1Br2Cl4およびガラスセラミックス状のLi2S-P2S5を用いて、下記の工程を実施した。
実施例1から3および比較例1から4の電池を用いて、以下の条件で、充電試験が実施された。
実施例1、実施例2、および比較例1から3の結果から、第1固体電解質を含む被覆層を有する正極活物質を用いた正極材料において、被覆層の状態によって、電池の初期効率が変動することが確認された。
100 第2固体電解質
110 正極活物質
111 被覆層
130 被覆活物質
2000 電池
201 正極
202 電解質層
203 負極
Claims (22)
- 正極活物質と、
第1固体電解質を含み、前記正極活物質の表面の少なくとも一部を被覆する被覆層と、
を備え、
前記正極活物質および前記被覆層は、被覆活物質を構成し、
前記正極活物質の細孔容積がVαで表され、前記被覆活物質の細孔容積がVβで表され、前記正極活物質の比表面積がSαで表され、前記被覆活物質の比表面積がSβで表されるとき、0.20<Vβ/Vα<0.88、および、0.81<Sβ/Sα<0.97からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが満たされる、
正極材料。 - 0.60≦Vβ/Vα≦0.76が満たされる、
請求項1に記載の正極材料。 - 0.86≦Sβ/Sα≦0.89が満たされる、
請求項1または2に記載の正極材料。 - 前記正極活物質の重量がWαで表され、前記被覆活物質の重量がWβで表されるとき、0.90<Wα/Wβ<0.99が満たされる、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 0.95≦Wα/Wβ≦0.975が満たされる、
請求項4に記載の正極材料。 - 前記被覆層の厚みが14nmよりも大きく、かつ、167nmよりも小さい、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記被覆層の厚みが32nm以上かつ71nm以下である、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第1固体電解質は、下記の組成式(1)により表され、
Liα1M1β1X1γ1・・・式(1)
ここで、α1、β1、およびγ1は、それぞれ独立して、0より大きい値であり、
M1は、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含み、
X1は、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記M1は、イットリウムを含む、
請求項8に記載の正極材料。 - 2.5≦α1≦3、1≦β1≦1.1、およびγ1=6が満たされる、
請求項8または9に記載の正極材料。 - 前記X1は、ClおよびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第1固体電解質は、Li3YBr2Cl4を含む、
請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記正極活物質は、NiとCoとMnとを含む、
請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 第2固体電解質をさらに含む、
請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第1固体電解質の体積がVγで表され、前記第2固体電解質の体積がVδで表されるとき、0.05<Vγ/Vδ<0.97が満たされる、
請求項14に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第2固体電解質は、下記の組成式(3)により表され、
Liα2M2β2X2γ2・・・式(3)
ここで、α2、β2、およびγ2は、それぞれ独立して、0より大きい値であり、
M2は、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの元素を含み、
X2は、F、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項14または15に記載の正極材料。 - 前記M2は、イットリウムを含む、
請求項16に記載の正極材料。 - 2.5≦α2≦3、1≦β2≦1.1、およびγ2=6が満たされる、
請求項16または17に記載の正極材料。 - 前記X2は、ClおよびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項16から18のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第2固体電解質は、Li3YBr2Cl4を含む、
請求項16から19のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料。 - 前記第2固体電解質は、硫化物固体電解質を含む、
請求項14または15に記載の正極材料。 - 請求項14から21のいずれか一項に記載の正極材料を含む正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に設けられた電解質層と、
を備える、電池。
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| EP4404296A4 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2026-01-14 | Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd | ACTIVE COATED MATERIAL, ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND BATTERY |
| WO2023238581A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 被覆活物質、電極材料および電池 |
| EP4539161A4 (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2025-12-17 | Panasonic Holdings Corp | ACTIVE COATED MATERIAL, ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND BATTERY |
| EP4539162A4 (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2025-12-31 | Panasonic Holdings Corp | ACTIVE COATED MATERIAL, ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND BATTERY |
| EP4401163A4 (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2025-03-26 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | CATHODE FOR SOLID-STATE BATTERY AND SOLID-STATE BATTERY WITH IT |
| WO2024185316A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | パナソニックホールディングス株式会社 | 正極材料、正極および電池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4134350A4 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
| CN115336036B (zh) | 2025-06-10 |
| CN115336036A (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
| JP7713676B2 (ja) | 2025-07-28 |
| EP4134350A1 (en) | 2023-02-15 |
| JPWO2021205821A1 (ja) | 2021-10-14 |
| US20230019252A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
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