WO2021210390A1 - 半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板、及び、成長層におけるクラックの発生を抑制する方法 - Google Patents
半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板、及び、成長層におけるクラックの発生を抑制する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B35/581—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
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- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
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- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
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- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
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- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/32—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
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- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor substrate, and a method for suppressing the occurrence of cracks in a growth layer.
- a semiconductor substrate of a desired semiconductor material is manufactured by crystal growth (so-called heteroepitaxial growth) of a semiconductor material different from the base substrate on the base substrate.
- an intermediate layer that absorbs stress due to the difference in lattice constant and the difference in thermal expansion coefficient is formed between the base substrate and the growth layer. Is being done.
- Patent Document 1 a low-temperature growth layer is formed prior to the formation of the compound semiconductor layer in order to absorb stress and crystal defects due to the difference in lattice constant and the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the Si substrate and the compound semiconductor.
- a two-step growth method is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of inserting an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer as a buffer layer between a silicon carbide (SiC) layer and a gallium nitride (GaN) layer.
- AlN aluminum nitride
- the above-mentioned cracks in the growth layer may occur even when the same semiconductor material as the base substrate is crystal-grown (so-called homoepitaxial growth) on the base substrate. That is, when the doping concentration differs between the base substrate and the growth layer, cracks may occur due to the difference in the interstitial distance between the base substrate and the growth layer.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new technique capable of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer.
- the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate, which includes a brittle processing step of reducing the strength of the base substrate and a crystal growth step of forming a growth layer on the base substrate.
- the crystal growth step is a step of forming the growth layer having a shrinkage rate different from that of the base substrate. According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks on the growth layer side by releasing the stress generated by the difference in shrinkage ratio between the base substrate and the growth layer to the base substrate side.
- the substrate and the growth layer have different doping concentrations. According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks caused by the difference in doping concentration between the underlying substrate and the growth layer. That is, in homoepitaxial growth, the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer can be suppressed.
- the base substrate and the growth layer are different materials. According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks caused by the difference in physical properties (lattice constant and coefficient of thermal expansion) between the underlying substrate and the semiconductor material of the growth layer. That is, in heteroepitaxial growth, the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer can be suppressed.
- the brittle processing step includes a through hole forming step of forming a through hole in the base substrate and a strain layer removing step of removing the strain layer introduced by the through hole forming step. ..
- the through hole forming step is a step of forming a through hole by irradiating the base substrate with a laser.
- the strain layer removing step is a step of etching the base substrate by heat treatment.
- the base substrate is silicon carbide
- the strain layer removing step is a step of etching the base substrate in a silicon atmosphere.
- the crystal growth step is a step of growing by a physical vapor phase transport method.
- the present invention also relates to a method for suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer. That is, the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a method of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer, which includes a brittle processing step of reducing the strength of the base substrate before forming the growth layer on the base substrate. ..
- the brittle processing step includes a through hole forming step of forming a through hole in the base substrate and a strain layer removing step of removing the strain layer introduced by the through hole forming step. ..
- the strain layer removing step is a step of removing the strain layer of the base substrate by heat treatment.
- the base substrate is silicon carbide
- the strain layer removing step is a step of etching the base substrate in a silicon atmosphere.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate according to the embodiment includes a brittle processing step S10 for reducing the strength of the base substrate 10, a crystal growth step S20 for forming a growth layer 20 on the base substrate 10, and a base substrate after the crystal growth step S20.
- the temperature lowering step S30 for lowering the temperature of 10 and the growth layer 20 may be included.
- this embodiment is a method of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the growth layer 20 by including a brittle processing step S10 for reducing the strength of the base substrate 10 before forming the growth layer 20 on the base substrate 10. Can be grasped as.
- a brittle processing step S10 for reducing the strength of the base substrate 10 before forming the growth layer 20 on the base substrate 10.
- the brittle processing step S10 is a step of reducing the strength of the base substrate 10.
- the brittle processing step S10 is a step of processing the base substrate 10 so that it is easily deformed or broken by an external force.
- the brittle processing step S10 is a step of increasing the brittleness of the base substrate 10.
- the term "strength" as used herein refers to the endurance of physical external forces such as compression and tension, and includes the concept of mechanical strength.
- the strength of the base substrate 10 is lowered by forming the through holes 11 in the base substrate 10. That is, by reducing the volume of the base substrate 10, processing is performed so that it can be easily deformed or broken by an external force.
- the brittle processing step S10 includes a through hole forming step S11 for forming a through hole 11 in the base substrate 10 and a strain layer removing step S12 for removing the strain layer 12 introduced by the through hole forming step S11. And have.
- any material generally used in manufacturing a semiconductor substrate can be naturally adopted.
- the material of the base substrate 10 is, for example, a known Group IV material such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and diamond (C).
- the material of the base substrate 10 is, for example, a known IV-IV group compound material such as silicon carbide (SiC).
- the material of the base substrate 10 is a known II-VI group compound material such as zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe). Is.
- the material of the base substrate 10 is, for example, boron nitride (BN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), indium nitride (InN), gallium phosphide (GaP), phosphorus. It is a known group III-V compound material such as indium phosphide (InP) and indium antimonide (InSb).
- the material of the base substrate 10 is, for example, an oxide material such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ). Further, the material of the base substrate 10 is, for example, a metal material such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni).
- the base substrate 10 may have a configuration in which known additive atoms used according to the material are appropriately added.
- a wafer or substrate processed from bulk crystals may be used, or a substrate having a buffer layer made of the above-mentioned semiconductor material may be used separately.
- the through hole forming step S11 is a step of reducing the strength of the base substrate 10 by forming the through hole 11 in the base substrate 10.
- This through hole forming step S11 can be naturally adopted as long as it is a method capable of forming the through hole 11 in the base substrate 10.
- a method for forming the through hole 11 for example, plasma etching such as laser processing, focused ion beam (FIB), and reactive ion etching (RIE) can be adopted.
- plasma etching such as laser processing, focused ion beam (FIB), and reactive ion etching (RIE) can be adopted.
- FIB focused ion beam
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the through hole 11 may be formed in a shape that reduces the strength of the base substrate 10, and may be formed in a single number or a plurality of through holes 11. Further, a through-hole group (pattern) in which a plurality of through-holes 11 are arranged may be adopted.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the pattern 100 according to the embodiment.
- the line segment indicated by the pattern 100 is the base substrate 10.
- the pattern 100 preferably exhibits a regular hexagonal displacement shape that is three-fold symmetric.
- the "regular hexagonal displacement type" in the description in the present specification will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
- the regular hexagonal displacement type is a dodecagon.
- the regular hexagonal displacement type is composed of 12 line segments having the same length and being linear.
- the pattern 100 exhibiting a regular hexagonal displacement shape is a regular triangle and includes a reference figure 101 having an area of 101a and including three vertices 104. Each of the three vertices 104 is included in the vertices of the pattern 100.
- the three vertices 104 may be located on the line segment constituting the pattern 100.
- the pattern 100 includes a line segment 102 (corresponding to the first line segment) extending from the apex 104 and including the apex 104, and a line segment 103 (second line segment) not extending from the apex 104 and not including the apex 104 and adjacent to the line segment 102. Corresponds to a line segment.) And.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the two adjacent line segments 102 in the pattern 100 is constant, and is equal to the angle ⁇ formed by the two adjacent line segments 103 in the pattern 100.
- regular hexagonal displacement type in the description of the present specification means that the regular hexagon is displaced (deformed) while maintaining the area of the regular hexagon based on the angle ⁇ indicating the degree of unevenness. It can be grasped that it is a dodecagon.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably larger than 60 °, preferably 66 ° or more, preferably 80 ° or more, preferably 83 ° or more, and preferably 120 ° or more, and preferably 120 ° or more. It is 150 ° or more, and preferably 155 ° or more.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably 180 ° or less, preferably 155 ° or less, preferably 150 ° or less, preferably 120 ° or less, and preferably 83 ° or less. Further, it is preferably 80 ° or less, and preferably 66 ° or less.
- the pattern 100 may have a configuration of a regular dodecagonal displacement type having 6-fold symmetry instead of the regular hexagonal displacement type having 3-fold symmetry.
- the regular dodecagonal displacement type is a 24-sided type.
- the regular dodecagonal displacement type is composed of 24 line segments having the same length and being linear.
- the pattern 100 exhibiting a regular dodecagonal displacement shape is a regular hexagon, has an area of 101a, and includes a reference figure 101 including six vertices 104. Each of the six vertices 104 is included in the vertices of the pattern 100.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the two adjacent line segments 102 in the pattern 100 is constant, and is equal to the angle ⁇ formed by the two adjacent line segments 103 in the pattern 100. That is, in the "regular dodecagon displacement type" described in the present specification, the regular dodecagon is displaced (deformed) while maintaining the area of the regular dodecagon based on the angle ⁇ indicating the degree of unevenness. It can be grasped that it is a dodecagon.
- the pattern 100 is said to exhibit a 2n square displacement shape, which is a 4n square formed by the regular 2n square being displaced (deformed) while maintaining the area of the regular 2n square based on the angle ⁇ indicating the degree of unevenness. It may be a configuration.
- the 2n polygonal displacement type includes a regular n-sided polygon (corresponding to the reference figure 101).
- the reference figure 101 includes n vertices.
- the pattern 100 may have a configuration including a regular 2n square displacement type (including a regular hexagonal displacement type and a regular dodecagonal displacement type). Further, the pattern 100 is a line segment connecting the intersection of two adjacent line segments 103 in the regular 2n square displacement type and the center of gravity of the reference figure 101 in addition to the line segment constituting the regular 2n square displacement type. It may be configured to further include at least one (corresponding to a third line segment). Further, the pattern 100 connects the intersections of two adjacent line segments 103 in the regular 2n square displacement type and the vertices 104 forming the reference figure 101 in addition to the line segments forming the regular 2n square displacement type. The configuration may further include at least one line segment. Further, the pattern 100 may further include at least one line segment constituting the reference figure 101 included in the regular 2n square displacement shape in addition to the line segment constituting the regular 2n square displacement shape.
- the through hole forming step S11 is preferably a step of removing 50% or more of the effective area of the base substrate 10. Further, more preferably, it is a step of removing 60% or more of the effective area, more preferably 70% or more of the effective area, and further preferably 80% or more of the effective area. ..
- the effective area in the present specification refers to the surface of the base substrate 10 to which the raw material adheres in the crystal growth step S20. In other words, it refers to a remaining region other than the region removed by the through hole 11 on the growth surface of the base substrate 10.
- the effective area of the base substrate 10 and the shape / pattern of the through hole 11 are set in consideration of the difference in lattice constant and the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20, the crystal structure of the growth layer 20, and the growth method. Is desirable.
- the strain layer removing step S12 is a step of removing the strain layer 12 formed on the base substrate 10 by the through hole forming step S11.
- the strain layer removing step S12 can be naturally adopted as long as it is a means capable of removing the strain layer 12 introduced into the base substrate 10.
- Examples of the method for removing the strain layer 12 include a hydrogen etching method using hydrogen gas as an etching gas, a Si vapor pressure etching (Si-Vapor Etching: SiVE) method for heating in a Si atmosphere, and Example 1 described later.
- the described etching method can be adopted.
- the crystal growth step S20 is a step of forming the growth layer 20 on the base substrate 10 after the brittle processing step S10.
- the semiconductor material of the growth layer 20 may be the same semiconductor material as the base substrate 10 (homoepitaxial growth), or may be a semiconductor material different from the base substrate 10 (heteroepitaxial growth). Further, the case where the semiconductor material of the growth layer 20 has lower strength than the semiconductor material of the base substrate 10 can be exemplified.
- any material that is epitaxially grown as a semiconductor material can be naturally adopted.
- the material of the growth layer 20 may be the material of the base substrate 10, a known material that can be adopted as the material of the base substrate 10, or a known material that can be epitaxially grown on the base substrate 10.
- the material of the growth layer 20 Si, Ge, GaN, AlN, InN, ZnS, ZnSe, CdTe, GaP, GaAs, InP, InAs, InSb, SiC, etc. can be adopted as examples. ..
- the combination of the material of the base substrate 10 and the material of the growth layer 20 can be appropriately selected in consideration of the difference in the lattice constant and the coefficient of thermal expansion of both materials.
- a physical vapor transport method Physical Vapor Transport: PVT
- PVT Physical Vapor Transport
- CVT chemical vapor transport method
- CVT organic vapor deposition method
- Adopt a known vapor phase growth method such as a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE).
- MOVPE metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method can be adopted instead of the CVT.
- known liquid phase growth methods liquid phase
- TSSG method Topic-Seeded Solution Growth method
- MSE Metal Solvent Epitaxy
- CZ method Czochralski method
- a growth method can be appropriately selected and adopted according to the respective materials of the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the crystal growth step S20 according to the embodiment.
- the crystal growth step S20 according to the embodiment is a step of arranging and heating the base substrate 10 and the semiconductor material 40 as a raw material of the growth layer 20 so as to face each other in a crucible 30 having a semi-closed space.
- the term "quasi-closed space” as used herein refers to a space in which the inside of the container can be evacuated, but at least a part of the vapor generated in the container can be confined.
- the crystal growth step S20 is a step of heating so that a temperature gradient is formed along the vertical direction of the base substrate 10.
- the raw material is transported from the semiconductor material 40 onto the base substrate 10 through the raw material transport space 31.
- the above-mentioned temperature gradient and the difference in chemical potential between the base substrate 10 and the semiconductor material 40 can be adopted.
- vapor composed of elements sublimated from the semiconductor material 40 is transported by diffusing in the raw material transport space 31, and is transported on the base substrate 10 set at a temperature lower than that of the semiconductor material 40. It becomes supersaturated and condenses. Alternatively, it becomes supersaturated and condenses on the base substrate 10 having a lower chemical potential than the semiconductor material 40. As a result, the growth layer 20 is formed on the base substrate 10.
- an inert gas or a doping gas may be introduced into the raw material transport space 31 to control the doping concentration and the growth environment of the growth layer 20.
- the present embodiment shows a form in which the growth layer 20 is formed by the PVT method, any method capable of forming the growth layer 20 can be naturally adopted.
- the temperature lowering step S30 is a step of lowering the temperature of the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 heated in the crystal growth step S20.
- the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 shrink according to their respective thermal expansion coefficients as the temperature decreases. At this time, if the semiconductor material and the doping concentration are different between the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20, the shrinkage rate will be different.
- the base substrate 10 since the strength of the base substrate 10 is lowered in the brittle processing step S10, even if there is a difference in shrinkage between the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20, the base substrate 10 is used. Is deformed or cracks 13 are formed (see FIGS. 2 and 8).
- the crystal growth step S20 is a step of forming a growth layer 20 having a shrinkage rate different from that of the base substrate 10.
- the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 have different doping concentrations, and that the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 are different materials.
- the crystal growth step S20 according to the present embodiment is a step of forming a growth layer 20 having a doping concentration different from that of the base substrate 10. Further, the crystal growth step S20 according to the present embodiment is a step of forming a growth layer 20 made of a material different from that of the base substrate 10.
- the stress generated between the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 is released to the base substrate 10 to cause cracks in the growth layer 20. Occurrence can be suppressed.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 a semiconductor substrate was manufactured by growing an AlN growth layer 20 on a SiC base substrate 10.
- AlN has a lattice mismatch with SiC of about 1% and a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion from SiC of about 23%.
- the stress due to the lattice mismatch and the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion is released to the SiC base substrate 10 to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the AlN growth layer 20.
- Example 1 >> ⁇ Through hole forming step S11> Under the following conditions, the base substrate 10 was irradiated with a laser to form a through hole 11.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a pattern of the through hole 11 formed in the through hole forming step S11 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is an explanatory view showing how a plurality of through holes 11 are arranged.
- the region shown in black indicates the portion of the through hole 11, and the region shown in white is left as the base substrate 10.
- FIG. 5B is an explanatory view showing an enlarged state of the through hole 11 of FIG. 5A.
- the region shown in white indicates the portion of the through hole 11, and the region shown in black is left as the base substrate 10.
- 80% or more of the effective area of the base substrate 10 is removed to reduce the strength of the base substrate 10.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the strain layer removing step S12 according to the first embodiment.
- the base substrate 10 in which the through hole 11 was formed in the through hole forming step S11 was housed in the SiC container 50, and the SiC container 50 was further housed in the TaC container 60 and heated under the following conditions.
- Heating temperature 1800 ° C Heating time: 2h Etching amount: 8 ⁇ m
- SiC container 50 Material: Polycrystalline SiC Container size: diameter 60 mm x height 4 mm Distance between the base substrate 10 and the bottom surface of the SiC container 50: 2 mm
- the SiC container 50 is a fitting container including an upper container 51 and a lower container 52 that can be fitted to each other.
- a minute gap 53 is formed in the fitting portion between the upper container 51 and the lower container 52, and is configured so that the inside of the SiC container 50 can be exhausted (evacuated) from the gap 53.
- the SiC container 50 is formed by facing a part of the SiC container 50 arranged on the low temperature side of the temperature gradient and the base substrate 10 in a state where the base substrate 10 is arranged on the high temperature side of the temperature gradient. It has an etching space 54.
- the etching space 54 is a space for transporting and etching Si atoms and C atoms from the base substrate 10 to the SiC container 50 by using a temperature difference provided between the base substrate 10 and the bottom surface of the SiC container 50 as a driving force.
- the SiC container 50 has a substrate holder 55 that holds the base substrate 10 in a hollow shape to form an etching space 54.
- the substrate holder 55 may not be provided depending on the direction of the temperature gradient of the heating furnace. For example, when the heating furnace forms a temperature gradient so that the temperature drops from the lower container 52 toward the upper container 51, the base substrate 10 is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower container 52 without providing the substrate holder 55. Is also good.
- TaC container 60 Material: TaC Container size: diameter 160 mm x height 60 mm Si steam source 64 (Si compound): TaSi 2
- the TaC container 60 is a fitting container including an upper container 61 and a lower container 62 that can be fitted to each other, and is configured to be able to accommodate the SiC container 50.
- a minute gap 63 is formed in the fitting portion between the upper container 61 and the lower container 62, and is configured so that the TaC container 60 can be exhausted (evacuated) from the gap 63.
- the TaC container 60 has a Si steam supply source 64 capable of supplying the vapor pressure of a vapor phase species containing a Si element in the TaC container 60.
- the Si steam supply source 64 may have a configuration in which the vapor pressure of the vapor phase species containing the Si element is generated in the TaC container 60 during the heat treatment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the crystal growth step S20 according to the first embodiment.
- the base substrate 10 from which the strain layer 12 was removed by the strain layer removing step S12 was housed in the crucible 30 so as to face the semiconductor material 40, and heated under the following conditions.
- Heating temperature 2040 ° C Heating time: 70h Growth thickness: 500 ⁇ m N 2 gas pressure: 10 kPa
- the crucible 30 has a raw material transport space 31 between the base substrate 10 and the semiconductor material 40.
- the raw material is transported from the semiconductor material 40 onto the base substrate 10 via the raw material transport space 31.
- FIG. 7A is an example of the crucible 30 used in the crystal growth step S20.
- the crucible 30 is a fitting container including an upper container 32 and a lower container 33 that can be fitted to each other.
- a minute gap 34 is formed in the fitting portion between the upper container 32 and the lower container 33, and is configured to allow exhaust (evacuation) in the crucible 30 from the gap 34.
- the crucible 30 has a substrate holder 35 that forms a raw material transport space 31.
- the substrate holder 35 is provided between the base substrate 10 and the semiconductor material 40, and the semiconductor material 40 is arranged on the high temperature side and the base substrate 10 is arranged on the low temperature side to form a raw material transport space 31.
- FIGS. 7 (b) and 7 (c) are other examples of the crucible 30 used in the crystal growth step S20.
- the temperature gradients of FIGS. 7 (b) and 7 (c) are set to be opposite to those of FIG. 7 (a), and the base substrate 10 is arranged on the upper side. That is, similarly to FIG. 7A, the semiconductor material 40 is arranged on the high temperature side and the base substrate 10 is arranged on the low temperature side to form the raw material transport space 31.
- FIG. 7B shows an example in which the raw material transport space 31 is formed between the base substrate 10 and the semiconductor material 40 by fixing the base substrate 10 to the upper container 32 side.
- FIG. 7C shows an example in which a raw material transport space 31 is formed between the upper container 32 and the semiconductor material 40 by forming a through window and arranging the base substrate 10. Further, as shown in FIG. 7C, the raw material transport space 31 may be formed by providing the intermediate member 36 between the upper container 32 and the lower container 33.
- the AlN sintered body of the semiconductor material 40 was sintered by the following procedure.
- the AlN powder was placed in the frame of the TaC block and compacted with an appropriate force. Then, the AlN powder and the TaC block compacted in the pyrolytic carbon crucible were stored and heated under the following conditions.
- Heating temperature 1850 ° C N 2 gas pressure: 10 kPa Heating time: 3h
- FIG. 7 is an SEM image of the base substrate 10 and the growth layer 20 whose temperature has been lowered under the above conditions, observed from the base substrate 10 side. It can be seen that the crack 13 is formed on the base substrate 10.
- a plurality of cracks 13 were observed in the base substrate 10 of the semiconductor substrate manufactured in Example 1. On the other hand, no cracks were observed in the growth layer 20. That is, it was confirmed that there were no cracks in the entire region of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm on the AlN crystal growth surface (0001).
- Comparative Example 1 The substrate 10 similar to that of Example 1 was subjected to the crystal growth step S20 and the temperature lowering step S30 under the same conditions as in Example 1. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the crystal growth step S20 was performed without performing the brittle processing step S10.
- Example 1 From the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, by reducing the strength of the base substrate 10 in the brittle processing step S10, the stress generated in the growth layer 20 is released to the base substrate 10, and cracks are generated in the growth layer 20. It can be understood that can be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
本発明によれば、下地基板と成長層の収縮率の差により生じる応力を下地基板側に逃がすことにより、成長層側にクラックが発生することを抑制することができる。
本発明によれば、下地基板と成長層のドーピング濃度の差により生じるクラックの発生を抑制することができる。すなわち、ホモエピタキシャル成長において、成長層でのクラックの発生を抑制することができる。
本発明によれば、下地基板と成長層の半導体材料の物性(格子定数や熱膨張係数)の差により生じるクラックの発生を抑制することができる。すなわち、ヘテロエピタキシャル成長において、成長層でのクラックの発生を抑制することができる。
図1及び図2は、本発明の実施の形態にかかる半導体基板の製造方法の工程を示している。
実施の形態にかかる半導体基板の製造方法は、下地基板10の強度を低下させる脆加工工程S10と、下地基板10上に成長層20を形成する結晶成長工程S20と、結晶成長工程S20後に下地基板10および成長層20を降温させる降温工程S30と、を含み得る。
以下、実施の形態の各工程について詳細に説明する。
脆加工工程S10は、下地基板10の強度を低下させる工程である。言い換えれば、脆加工工程S10は、下地基板10が外力により容易に変形または破壊されるよう加工する工程である。さらに言い換えれば、脆加工工程S10は、下地基板10の脆弱性を高める工程である。なお、本明細書における「強度」とは、圧縮や引張などの物理的な外力に対して持つ耐久力のことをいい、機械的強度の概念を含む。
結晶成長工程S20は、脆加工工程S10後の下地基板10上に、成長層20を形成する工程である。
下地基板10の材料と成長層20の材料の組合せは、両素材の格子定数や熱膨張係数の差を考慮して、適宜選択することができる。
実施の形態にかかる結晶成長工程S20は、下地基板10と、成長層20の原料となる半導体材料40とを、準閉鎖空間を有した坩堝30内に相対(対峙)させて配置し加熱する工程である。なお、本明細書における「準閉鎖空間」とは、容器内の真空引きは可能であるが、容器内に発生した蒸気の少なくとも一部を閉じ込め可能な空間のことをいう。
降温工程S30は、結晶成長工程S20で加熱された下地基板10及び成長層20を、降温する工程である。
また、本発明にかかる半導体基板の製造方法の一つの形態として、SiC基板上にAlNを成長させる形態を含まない形態が挙げられる。
なお、実施例1及び比較例1は、SiCの下地基板10の上にAlNの成長層20を成長させて半導体基板を製造した。
〈貫通孔形成工程S11〉
以下の条件で、下地基板10にレーザーを照射し貫通孔11を形成した。
半導体材料:4H-SiC
基板サイズ:横幅11mm×縦幅11mm×厚み524μm
成長面:Si-face
オフ角:on-axis
種類:グリーンレーザー
波長:532nm
スポット径:40μm
平均出力:4W(30kHzにて)
図5は、実施例1にかかる貫通孔形成工程S11で形成した貫通孔11のパターンを説明する説明図である。図5(a)は、複数の貫通孔11を配列した様子を示す説明図である。この図5(a)においては、黒く示した領域が貫通孔11の部分を示し、白く示した領域が下地基板10として残されている。
なお、図5のパターンにおいては、下地基板10の有効面積の80%以上を除去して、下地基板10の強度を低下させている。
図6は、実施例1にかかる歪層除去工程S12を説明する説明図である。
貫通孔形成工程S11により貫通孔11を形成した下地基板10をSiC容器50内に収容し、さらにSiC容器50をTaC容器60に収容し、以下の条件で加熱した。
加熱温度:1800℃
加熱時間:2h
エッチング量:8μm
材料:多結晶SiC
容器サイズ:直径60mm×高さ4mm
下地基板10とSiC容器50の底面との距離:2mm
SiC容器50は、図6に示すように、互いに嵌合可能な上容器51と下容器52とを備える嵌合容器である。上容器51と下容器52の嵌合部には、微小な間隙53が形成されており、この間隙53からSiC容器50内の排気(真空引き)が可能なよう構成されている。
材料:TaC
容器サイズ:直径160mm×高さ60mm
Si蒸気供給源64(Si化合物):TaSi2
TaC容器60は、SiC容器50と同様に、互いに嵌合可能な上容器61と下容器62とを備える嵌合容器であり、SiC容器50を収容可能に構成されている。上容器61と下容器62の嵌合部には、微小な間隙63が形成されており、この間隙63からTaC容器60内の排気(真空引き)が可能なよう構成されている。
図7は、実施例1にかかる結晶成長工程S20を説明する説明図である。
歪層除去工程S12により歪層12を除去した下地基板10を半導体材料40と相対させて坩堝30内に収容し、以下の条件で加熱した。
加熱温度:2040℃
加熱時間:70h
成長厚み:500μm
N2ガス圧力:10kPa
材料:炭化タンタル(TaC)及び/又はタングステン(W)
容器サイズ:10mm×10mm×1.5mm
下地基板10-半導体材料40間距離:1mm
坩堝30は、下地基板10と半導体材料40との間に原料輸送空間31を有している。この原料輸送空間31を介して、半導体材料40から下地基板10上に原料を輸送している。
図7(c)は、上容器32に貫通窓を形成し下地基板10を配置することで、半導体材料40との間に原料輸送空間31を形成する例を示している。また、この図7(c)に示すように、上容器32と下容器33との間に中間部材36を設けることで、原料輸送空間31を形成しても良い。
材料:AlN焼結体
サイズ:横幅20mm×縦幅20mm×厚み5mm
半導体材料40のAlN焼結体は、以下の手順により焼結した。
AlN粉末をTaCブロックの枠内に入れ、適度な力で押し固めた。その後、熱分解炭素坩堝に押し固めたAlN粉末およびTaCブロックを収納し、以下の条件で加熱した。
N2ガス圧力:10kPa
加熱時間:3h
最後に、結晶成長工程S20後の下地基板10および成長層20を以下の条件で降温した。
降温前の基板温度:2040℃
降温後の基板温度:室温
降温速度:128℃/min
実施例1と同様の下地基板10に対し、実施例1と同様の条件で結晶成長工程S20及び降温工程S30を施した。すなわち、比較例1は脆加工工程S10を行わず、結晶成長工程S20を行った。
11 貫通孔
12 歪層
13 クラック
20 成長層
30 坩堝
31 原料輸送空間
40 半導体材料
50 SiC容器
60 TaC容器
S10 脆加工工程
S11 貫通孔形成工程
S12 歪層除去工程
S20 結晶成長工程
S30 降温工程
Claims (14)
- 下地基板の強度を低下させる脆加工工程と、
前記下地基板上に成長層を形成する結晶成長工程と、を含む、半導体基板の製造方法。 - 前記結晶成長工程は、前記下地基板とは異なる収縮率の前記成長層を形成する工程である、請求項1に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記下地基板と前記成長層は異なるドーピング濃度である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記下地基板と前記成長層は異なる材料である、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記脆加工工程は、前記下地基板に貫通孔を形成する貫通孔形成工程と、
前記貫通孔形成工程により導入された歪層を除去する歪層除去工程と、を有する、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。 - 前記貫通孔形成工程は、レーザーを前記下地基板に照射することにより貫通孔を形成する工程である、請求項5に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記歪層除去工程は、熱処理することにより前記下地基板の歪層を除去する工程である、請求項5又は請求項6に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 前記下地基板は炭化ケイ素であり、
前記歪層除去工程は、前記下地基板をシリコン雰囲気下でエッチングする工程である、請求項5~7の何れか一項に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。 - 前記結晶成長工程は、物理気相輸送法で成長させる工程である、請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の半導体基板の製造方法。
- 請求項1~9の何れか一項に記載の製造方法により製造された半導体基板。
- 下地基板上に成長層を形成する前に、前記下地基板の強度を低下させる脆加工工程を含む、成長層におけるクラックの発生を抑制する方法。
- 前記脆加工工程は、前記下地基板に貫通孔を形成する貫通孔形成工程と、
前記貫通孔形成工程により導入された歪層を除去する歪層除去工程と、を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記歪層除去工程は、熱処理することにより前記下地基板をエッチングする工程である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記下地基板は炭化ケイ素であり、
前記歪層除去工程は、前記下地基板をシリコン雰囲気下でエッチングする工程である、請求項12又は請求項13に記載の方法。
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| WO2026071134A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-27 | 2026-04-02 | 学校法人関西学院 | 半導体基板を製造するライン、半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板を検査する方法、半導体基板を加工する方法、及び半導体基板の加工を評価する方法 |
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| TWI896630B (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2025-09-11 | 學校法人關西學院 | 氮化鋁基板的製造方法、氮化鋁基板以及氮化鋁層中的裂痕產生的抑制方法 |
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2021
- 2021-03-30 US US17/996,091 patent/US12540416B2/en active Active
- 2021-03-30 CN CN202180028129.1A patent/CN115398044B/zh active Active
- 2021-03-30 WO PCT/JP2021/013743 patent/WO2021210390A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-30 JP JP2022515285A patent/JP7769846B2/ja active Active
- 2021-03-30 EP EP21788428.7A patent/EP4137622A4/en active Pending
- 2021-03-30 TW TW110111474A patent/TWI885111B/zh active
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| JP2000311903A (ja) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-11-07 | Kyocera Corp | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024117953A1 (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Kiselkarbid I Stockholm Ab | Production of silicon carbide epitaxial wafers |
| WO2026071134A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-27 | 2026-04-02 | 学校法人関西学院 | 半導体基板を製造するライン、半導体基板の製造方法、半導体基板を検査する方法、半導体基板を加工する方法、及び半導体基板の加工を評価する方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230203704A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
| CN115398044A (zh) | 2022-11-25 |
| JPWO2021210390A1 (ja) | 2021-10-21 |
| TW202143303A (zh) | 2021-11-16 |
| CN115398044B (zh) | 2026-04-10 |
| TWI885111B (zh) | 2025-06-01 |
| EP4137622A1 (en) | 2023-02-22 |
| JP7769846B2 (ja) | 2025-11-14 |
| EP4137622A4 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
| US12540416B2 (en) | 2026-02-03 |
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