WO2021213125A1 - 天线单元和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线单元和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021213125A1
WO2021213125A1 PCT/CN2021/082974 CN2021082974W WO2021213125A1 WO 2021213125 A1 WO2021213125 A1 WO 2021213125A1 CN 2021082974 W CN2021082974 W CN 2021082974W WO 2021213125 A1 WO2021213125 A1 WO 2021213125A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiating section
antenna unit
conductive member
contact point
radiating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/082974
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余冬
刘珂鑫
周圆
王汉阳
应李俊
吴鹏飞
李建铭
侯猛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP21793593.1A priority Critical patent/EP4123828B1/en
Priority to US17/920,570 priority patent/US12362483B2/en
Publication of WO2021213125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021213125A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to an antenna unit and electronic equipment.
  • the present application provides an antenna unit and an electronic device to implement two antennas with high isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient ECC based on the same loop antenna, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also improves antenna space utilization.
  • the present application provides an antenna unit, including: a first ring-shaped stub, a first feed, and a second feed; the first ring-shaped stub includes: a first radiating section, a second radiating section, and a third radiating section; The first radiating section is ring-shaped, and the first radiating section is not closed.
  • first radiating section is connected to the second radiating section, and the other end of the first radiating section is connected to the third radiating section; the second radiating section is connected to the third radiating section
  • the segments are arranged symmetrically along the first direction, there is an opening between the second radiating segment and the third radiating segment, and the second radiating segment and the third radiating segment are both grounded;
  • the first feed source is symmetrically connected to the first radiating segment along the first direction ;
  • the second contact point and the third contact point are symmetrical along the first direction, and the distance between the second contact point and the third contact point is within the first preset range, and the second contact point is the second feed source and the second The contact point of the radiating section, and the third contact point is the contact point of the second feed source and the third radiating section.
  • the antenna unit is based on the symmetrical layout of the same loop antenna (that is, the first loop stub), and the two feed sources excite the signal of the C-mode port and the signal of the D-mode port of the loop antenna, respectively,
  • the signal of the C-mode port is self-cancelled at the D-mode port
  • the signal of the D-mode port is self-cancelled at the C-mode port, which realizes the signal isolation between the two ports, and also makes the signal of the C-mode port and the D-mode port
  • the signals complement each other in different radiation directions, thereby realizing two antennas with high isolation and low ECC, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also enables electronic devices to make full use of antenna elements to achieve various scenarios in a limited space. , It can also enable the electronic device to include a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization of antenna space.
  • the second radiating section and the third radiating section are arranged inside the first radiating section along the first direction, which facilitates the layout of the antenna unit in a smaller space and improves the space utilization rate of the antenna unit; Or, the second radiating section and the third radiating section are arranged outside the first radiating section along the first direction, which provides a possibility for realizing the antenna unit so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements; or, the second radiation
  • the section and the third radiating section extend from the inside of the first radiating section to the outside of the first radiating section in the first direction, which provides a possibility for the realization of the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements; or,
  • the second radiating section and the third radiating section extend from the inside of the first radiating section to the outside of the first radiating section along the opposite direction of the first direction, which provides a possibility to realize the antenna unit so that the antenna unit can meet the actual situation Space requirements.
  • the second radiating section is connected to N first grounding points of the electronic device
  • the third radiating section is connected to N second grounding points of the electronic device, and N is a positive integer.
  • the first ground point and the second ground point are arranged on the support, so that the first ground point and the second ground point It is necessary to connect to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring feet on the bracket, instead of laying out the wiring on the bracket; or, the first grounding point and the second grounding point are set on the printed circuit board of the electronic device, which saves elasticity. Feet, the scheme is simple and easy to implement.
  • the second radiating section and the third radiating section are both connected to the ground area of the electronic device, and the ground area is symmetrically arranged along the first direction.
  • first contact point between the first feed source and the first radiating section, and the first contact point is a symmetrical point of the first radiating section and is located on the first radiating section.
  • odd Q first contact points there are odd Q first contact points between the first feed source and the first radiating section, and the odd Q is greater than or equal to 3.
  • the odd Q first contact points include: one first contact point And even P first contact points, one first contact point is the symmetry point of the first radiating section and is located on the first radiating section, even P first contact points are symmetrically arranged along the first direction, and even P first contact points The contact point is located on the radiating section where the symmetry point of the first radiating section is located.
  • a first matching component is provided between the first feed source and the first contact point to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit so that the first feed source can obtain a better directivity pattern and cross polarization Performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • a second matching component is provided between the second feed source and the second contact point, and/or a second matching component is provided between the second feed source and the third contact point. This is done in order to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit, so that the second feed source can obtain a better directional pattern and cross-polarization performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a first non-conductive support member, a first conductive member, and a second conductive member; the first conductive member and the second conductive member are suspended by the first non-conductive support member, and The first conductive member and the second conductive member are arranged symmetrically along the first direction, the length of the first conductive member is 1/2 wavelength, the length of the second conductive member is 1/2 wavelength, and the wavelength is any one of the working frequency bands of the antenna unit The wavelength corresponding to the frequency point. Therefore, the conductive first conductive member and the second conductive member can broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit and improve the performance of the antenna unit. Generally, the wider the width of the first conductive member and the second conductive member, the better the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the first conductive member and the second conductive member are arranged outside or inside the first radiating section.
  • the first non-conductive support includes at least one of a glass battery cover, a plastic battery cover, or an explosion-proof film in an electronic device.
  • the present application provides an antenna unit, including: a second loop stub, a feeding stub, a third feed, and a fourth feed;
  • the second loop stub includes: a fourth radiating section, a fifth radiating section, and a fourth radiating section Six radiating sections;
  • the fourth radiating section is ring-shaped, and the fourth radiating section is not closed, one end of the fourth radiating section is connected with the fifth radiating section, and the other end of the fourth radiating section is connected with the sixth radiating section;
  • the fifth radiating section It is arranged symmetrically with the sixth radiating section in the second direction, there is an opening between the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section, and the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section are both grounded;
  • the feeding branches are arranged symmetrically in the second direction, and The area of the feeding stub facing the fifth radiating section is equal to the area of the feeding stub facing the sixth radiating section;
  • the third feed is symmetrically connected to the feeding stub
  • the antenna unit is based on the symmetrical layout of the same loop antenna (that is, the second loop stub and the feeding stub), and the two feed sources excite the signal and D mode of the C-mode port of the loop antenna.
  • the signal of the port makes the signal of the C-mode port self-cancel at the D-mode port, and the signal of the D-mode port is self-cancelled at the C-mode port, which realizes the signal isolation between the two ports, and also makes the signal of the C-mode port and
  • the signals of the D-mode port complement each other in different radiation directions, thus realizing two antennas with high isolation and low ECC, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also enables electronic equipment to make full use of the antenna unit in a limited space Realizing various scenarios can also enable the electronic device to include a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization of antenna space.
  • the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section are arranged inside the fourth radiating section along the second direction, which facilitates the layout of the antenna unit in a smaller space and improves the space utilization rate of the antenna unit;
  • the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section are arranged outside the fourth radiating section along the second direction, which provides a possibility for realizing the antenna unit so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements; or, the fifth radiation
  • the section and the sixth radiating section extend from the inside of the fourth radiating section to the outside of the fourth radiating section in the second direction, which provides a possibility for realizing the antenna unit so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements; or,
  • the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section extend from the inside of the fourth radiating section to the outside of the fourth radiating section along the opposite direction of the second direction, which provides a possibility to realize the antenna unit so that the antenna unit can meet the actual situation Space requirements.
  • the fifth radiating section is connected to M third grounding points of the electronic device, and the sixth radiating section is connected to M fourth grounding points of the electronic device, and M is a positive integer.
  • the third grounding point and the fourth grounding point are arranged on the support, so that the third grounding point and the fourth grounding point are It needs to be connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring feet on the bracket, instead of laying out the wiring on the bracket; or, the third ground point and the fourth ground point are set on the printed circuit board of the electronic device, which saves spring time. Feet, the scheme is simple and easy to implement.
  • the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section are both connected to the grounding area of the electronic device, and the grounding area is symmetrically arranged along the second direction.
  • the feeding stub is arranged inside the fourth radiating section along the second direction, which can make full use of the internal space of the fourth radiating section to realize the integration of the feeding stub, the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section. It is convenient to lay out the antenna unit in a small space, which improves the space utilization of the antenna unit; or, the feeding branch is arranged outside the fourth radiating section along the second direction, which provides a possibility for the realization of the antenna unit. So that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements; or, the feeding stub extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section to the outside of the fourth radiating section in the second direction, which provides a possibility to realize the antenna unit so that the antenna unit It can meet the actual space requirements.
  • the area of the feeding stub facing the fifth radiating section in the second direction is equal to the area of the feeding stub facing the sixth radiating section in the second direction; or, the feeding stub is in the second direction.
  • the area of the vertical direction facing the fifth radiating section is equal to the area of the feeding branch facing the sixth radiating section in the vertical direction of the second direction.
  • a third matching component is provided between the third feed source and the fourth contact point to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit so that the third feed source can obtain a better pattern and cross polarization Performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • a fourth matching component is provided between the fourth feed source and the fifth contact point, and/or a fourth matching component is provided between the fourth feed source and the sixth contact point. This is done in order to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit, so that the fourth feed source can obtain a better directional pattern and cross-polarization performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a second non-conductive support member, a third conductive member, and a fourth conductive member; the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member are suspended by the second non-conductive support member, and The third conductive member and the fourth conductive member are arranged symmetrically along the second direction, the length of the third conductive member is 1/2 wavelength, the length of the fourth conductive member is 1/2 wavelength, and the wavelength is any one of the working frequency bands of the antenna unit The wavelength corresponding to the frequency point. Therefore, the conductive third conductive member and the fourth conductive member can broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit and improve the performance of the antenna unit. Generally, the wider the width of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member, the better the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member are arranged outside or inside the fourth radiating section.
  • the second non-conductive support includes at least one of a glass battery cover, a plastic battery cover, or an explosion-proof film in the electronic device.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including: a printed circuit board and an antenna unit in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect and the first aspect, and/or the printed circuit board, and the second and second aspects
  • the second aspect is the antenna unit in any possible design.
  • the feed point, the tuning circuit and the matching circuit in the antenna unit are arranged on the printed circuit board, and the ground point in the antenna unit shares the ground with the printed circuit board.
  • Figure 1 is a current distribution diagram of a loop antenna with a circumference of a wavelength ⁇ ;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the input reflection coefficient S11 of the loop antenna in Fig. 1 at different working frequency bands;
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first radiation section/the fourth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 3b is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first radiation section/fourth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first radiation section/the fourth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 3d is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first radiation section/the fourth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 3e is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first radiation section/the fourth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 4d is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 4e is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 4f is a schematic diagram of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of the grounding mode of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 5b is a schematic diagram of the grounding mode of the second radiation section and the third radiation section or the fifth radiation section and the sixth radiation section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of the grounding mode of the second radiating section and the third radiating section or the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a first feed source in an antenna unit connected to a first radiating section along a first direction according to an embodiment of the application;
  • 6b is a schematic diagram of the first feed source in the antenna unit connected with the first radiating section along the first direction according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 6c is a schematic diagram of the first feed source in the antenna unit connected with the first radiating section along the first direction according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of the second feed source in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application being connected to the second radiating section and the third radiating section respectively;
  • FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram of the second feed source in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application being connected to the second radiating section and the third radiating section respectively;
  • FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8c is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9a is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9b is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9c is a schematic diagram of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member or the third conductive member or the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10a is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10b is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10c is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10d is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10e is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 10f is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 11a is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electronic device
  • FIG. 11b is a schematic diagram of a topology of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 11c is a schematic topology diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 11d is a schematic diagram of waveforms of S parameters of the first feed source and the second feed source in different working frequency bands in Fig. 11b and Fig. 11c;
  • Fig. 11e is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the respective system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the first feed source and the second feed source in Figs. 11b and 11c;
  • Fig. 12a is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12b is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12c is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12d is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12e is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12f is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13a is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13b is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13c is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13d is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13e is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13f is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 14a is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14b is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14c is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14d is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 14e is a schematic diagram of a feeding stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 14f is a schematic diagram of a feed stub in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 15a is a schematic diagram of a third feed source in an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application symmetrically connected to a feeding stub in a second direction;
  • 15b is a schematic diagram of the third feed source in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application symmetrically connected to the feed stub along the second direction;
  • FIG. 16a is a schematic diagram of the fourth feed source in the antenna unit respectively connected with the fifth radiation section and the sixth radiation section according to an embodiment of the application;
  • 16b is a schematic diagram of the fourth feed source in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application being connected to the fifth radiating section and the sixth radiating section respectively;
  • FIG. 17a is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17b is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17c is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17d is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17e is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 17f is a schematic diagram of the positions of the third conductive member and the fourth conductive member in the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 18a is a schematic topology diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 18b is a schematic diagram of waveforms of S parameters of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in different working frequency bands in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18c is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18d is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18e is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18f is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18g is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18h is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • Fig. 18i is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 18a;
  • FIG. 19a is a schematic topology diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 19b is a schematic diagram of waveforms of S parameters of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in different working frequency bands in Fig. 19a;
  • FIG. 19c is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in FIG. 19a;
  • Fig. 19d is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19e is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19f is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19g is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19h is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19i is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • Fig. 19j is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 19a;
  • FIG. 20a is a schematic topology diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 20b is a schematic diagram of waveforms of S parameters of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in different working frequency bands in Fig. 20a;
  • 20c is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in FIG. 20a;
  • Fig. 20d is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • Fig. 20e is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • Fig. 20f is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • Fig. 20g is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • Fig. 20h is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • Fig. 20i is a current distribution diagram of the antenna unit in Fig. 20a;
  • FIG. 21a is a schematic topology diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Fig. 21b is a schematic diagram of waveforms of S parameters of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in different working frequency bands in Fig. 21a;
  • Fig. 21c is a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source and the fourth feed source in Fig. 21a.
  • 10 first ring-shaped branch
  • 11 first radiating section
  • 12 second radiating section
  • 13 third radiating section
  • 14 first non-conductive support member
  • 15 first conductive member
  • 16 second conductive member
  • F1 first feed
  • F2 second feed
  • X1 first direction
  • 20 second ring-shaped branch; 21—fourth radiating section; 22—fifth radiating section; 23—sixth radiating section; 24-second non-conductive support member; 25—third conductive member; 26—fourth conductive member ; 27—feeding branch; F3—third feed; F4—fourth feed; X2—second direction.
  • Loop antenna It is a structure in which a metal wire is wound into a certain shape, such as a circle, a square, a triangle, a diamond, etc., and the two ends of the conductor are used as output terminals.
  • Fig. 1 shows a current distribution diagram of a loop antenna with a circumference of one wavelength ⁇ .
  • the loop antenna in FIG. 1 is illustrated with a square shape as an example.
  • the thick black line represents the loop antenna.
  • One end of the loop antenna is connected to the feed, and the other end of the loop antenna is connected to the ground point.
  • Each arrow represents the current distribution of the loop antenna at a wavelength ⁇ corresponding to the frequency.
  • the current at the position of the triangle is the smallest, and the current at the position of the solid circle of the loop antenna is the largest.
  • Fig. 2 shows the waveform diagram of the input reflection coefficient S11 of the loop antenna in Fig. 1 at different working frequency bands.
  • curve 1 and curve 2 respectively represent the S11 of the loop antenna in Figure 1 at different operating frequency bands.
  • the loop antenna in curve 1 and curve 2 has rich high-order modes, making the loop antenna easy to debug and coverable. The advantages of wide medium and high frequency bandwidth.
  • the abscissa is the frequency
  • the unit is GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11
  • the unit is dB
  • the input reflection coefficient S11 is one of the S parameters (that is, the scattering parameter), which represents the return loss characteristics, generally through the network
  • the analyzer looks at the dB value and impedance characteristics of its loss. This parameter indicates the matching degree between the antenna and the front-end circuit.
  • the larger the value of the reflection coefficient S11 the greater the energy reflected by the antenna itself, and the worse the matching of the antenna.
  • the S11 value of antenna A at a certain frequency point is -1
  • the S11 value of antenna B at the same frequency point is -3
  • the matching degree of antenna B is better than that of antenna A.
  • Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the power of the signal transmitted by one antenna to the power of the signal received by the other antenna.
  • the reverse transmission coefficient S12 is used to represent the antenna isolation. Among them, the reverse transmission coefficient S12 is one of the S parameters.
  • ECC used to indicate the coupling between different antennas.
  • the coupling here can include: current coupling, free space coupling and surface wave coupling.
  • isolation is an important index to measure the coupling between antennas. Generally, by reducing the above three coupling effects, the isolation between the antennas can be improved, the ECC can be ensured sufficiently low, and the better antenna performance can be maintained.
  • one antenna can be fed separately to generate currents of equal amplitude and in phase, that is, signals of common mode (C mode) ports.
  • An antenna can be fed separately to generate a current of equal amplitude and opposite phase, that is, a differential mode (D-mode) port signal.
  • D-mode differential mode
  • the present application provides an antenna unit and an electronic device, which separately excite the C-mode port signal and the D-mode port signal of the same loop antenna in any one antenna unit through two feed sources, and based on the antenna
  • the electrical symmetrical arrangement of the unit makes the signal of the C-mode port self-cancel at the D-mode port and makes the signal of the D-mode port self-cancel at the C-mode port, realizing the signal isolation between the two ports, and also making the C-mode port self-canceling.
  • the signal of the port and the signal of the D-mode port can complement each other in different radiation directions, so that two antennas with high isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient ECC can be realized based on the same loop antenna, which not only guarantees good antenna performance, but also Electronic equipment can make full use of antenna elements to realize various scenarios in a limited space, such as multi-antenna scenarios such as diversity antennas or multiple-input multiple-out-put (MIMO) antennas, pattern synthesis scenarios, and In directional pattern switching scenarios such as horizontal and vertical switching, the electronic device can also include a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization of antenna space.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-out-put
  • the electronic devices mentioned in this application may include, but are not limited to: mobile phones, earphones, tablet computers, portable computers, wearable devices, or data cards and other devices.
  • the antenna unit is electrically symmetrical.
  • the electrical symmetry of the antenna unit can be understood as the antenna unit has an electrical symmetry center, which usually corresponds to the physical symmetry center. The two sides of the antenna element relative to this center of electrical symmetry are approximately the same in electrical size. If the surrounding environment of the antenna unit is ideally symmetric, the electrical symmetry of the antenna unit is physical symmetry. If an asymmetric device is introduced in the surrounding environment of the antenna unit, the antenna unit needs to be set to an asymmetric structure to offset the asymmetry introduced by the device, thereby achieving electrical symmetry of the antenna unit.
  • the structure of the antenna unit is symmetric and the surrounding environment of the antenna unit is also structured as an example for illustration.
  • the present application does not limit the feed mode of the feed excited loop antenna. Therefore, in this application, the scenario in which the feed source uses the direct feeding method to excite the loop antenna can be set as the first embodiment, and the feed source uses a feed form similar to coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed to excite the loop antenna.
  • CPW coplanar waveguide
  • the electronic device takes a mobile phone as an example, combined with the embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings, using Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 to respectively describe the specific implementation process of implementing two antennas in the present application through the same loop antenna.
  • the antenna unit of the present application may include: a first loop stub 10, a first feed source F1, and a second feed source F2.
  • the present application does not limit the manufacturing process of the first annular stub 10.
  • the first ring-shaped stub 10 may be manufactured by using a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), it may also be manufactured by using a laser, or it may be manufactured by a spraying process.
  • the present application does not limit the location of the first ring-shaped stub 10.
  • the first ring-shaped stub 10 can be arranged on a metal frame of an electronic device such as a mobile phone, can also be arranged on a printed circuit board of the electronic device, or can be mounted on a printed circuit board of the electronic device by using a bracket.
  • the first ring-shaped branch section 10 may include: a first radiating section 11, a second radiating section 12, and a third radiating section 13.
  • the first radiating section 11 has a ring shape.
  • the first radiating section 11 may be a circle as shown in FIG. 3a, a square as shown in FIG. 3b, or an irregular shape as shown in FIGS. 3c to 3e, or a triangle.
  • This application does not limit the specific shape of the first radiating section 11, as long as the first radiating section 11 is symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1.
  • the first direction X1 refers to the direction in which the axis of symmetry of the first ring-shaped stub 10 is located, and can point to any direction along with the placement direction of the first ring-shaped stub 10.
  • the first direction X1 in the present application is illustrated by taking the positive direction of the X axis as an example.
  • the first ring-shaped stub 10 may be configured to be completely symmetrical in structure, that is, the first direction X1 is the direction of the symmetry axis of the first ring-shaped stub 10, and it may also be allowed to be configured to have an error range.
  • Inner asymmetry, here asymmetry is to eliminate the electrical asymmetry introduced by other components other than the first annular stub 10, that is, the first direction X1 is where the symmetrical axis of the first annular stub 10 is corrected. direction.
  • the first radiating section 11 is not closed and has two ends. One end of the first radiating section 11 is connected to the second radiating section 12, and the other end of the first radiating section 11 is connected to the third radiating section 13. And the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1, and there is an opening between the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13.
  • the present application does not limit the parameters such as the shape, width, or length of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 either. And the size of the opening between the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 is not limited. In addition, the present application does not limit the relative positional relationship between the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 and the first radiating section 11, respectively.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 can be arranged inside the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, which can make full use of the internal space of the first radiating section 11 to realize the second radiating section 12 and
  • the arrangement of the third radiating section 13 facilitates the layout of the antenna unit in a smaller space, and improves the space utilization rate of the antenna unit.
  • the shapes of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 based on the foregoing description may include a variety of shapes, taking FIGS. 4a, 6b, and 6c as examples for illustration.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 shown in FIG. 4a are elongated, and the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 shown in FIGS. 4b and 4c adopt different irregular shapes. .
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 may be arranged outside the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, which provides a possibility for the realization of the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements. need.
  • the shapes of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 based on the foregoing description may include various shapes, and FIG. 4d is taken as an example for illustration.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 shown in FIG. 4d are elongated.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 may extend from the inside of the first radiating section 11 to the outside of the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, which provides another possibility for realizing the antenna unit , So that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements.
  • the shapes of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 based on the foregoing description may include various shapes, and FIG. 4e is taken as an example for illustration. Wherein, the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 shown in FIG. 4e are elongated.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 may extend from the inside of the first radiating section 11 to the outside of the first radiating section 11 along the opposite direction of the first direction X1, so as to provide another antenna unit.
  • the shapes of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 based on the foregoing description may include various shapes, and FIG. 4f is taken as an example for illustration.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 shown in FIG. 4f are elongated.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 are both grounded. Among them, the application does not limit the grounding modes of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13.
  • the grounding method of the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5a-5c.
  • the second radiating section 12 is connected to N first grounding points of the electronic device
  • the third radiating section 13 is connected to N second grounding points of the electronic device
  • N is a positive integer.
  • this application does not limit the specific size of N.
  • the first grounding point and the second grounding point are represented by grounding symbols.
  • Fig. 5a shows that the second radiating section 12 is connected to a first ground point, and the third radiating section 13 is connected to a second Location connection.
  • Fig. 5b shows that the second radiating section 12 is connected to two first ground points, and the third radiating section 13 is connected to two second Ground point connection. It should be noted that on the basis of the first annular stub 10 shown in FIG. 4c, the second radiating section 12 may also be connected to a first grounding point, and the third radiating section 13 is connected to a second grounding point.
  • this application does not limit the specific implementation of the first ground point and the second ground point of the electronic device.
  • the various components of the electronic device need to share a common ground. Therefore, the first ground point and the second ground point need to be connected to the ground of the printed circuit board in the electronic device.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 are set on the bracket, and the first ground point and the second ground point can be set in various ways. In the following, two feasible implementation modes are used for example.
  • the first ground point and the second ground point may be arranged on a printed circuit board.
  • the first grounding point and the second grounding point may be the ground of the printed circuit board, and do not need to be set separately.
  • the first grounding point and the second grounding point can also be set separately, and are connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through traces on the printed circuit board. Therefore, the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 are respectively transferred to the first ground point and the second ground point of the printed circuit board through different traces on the bracket, and usually the different traces on the bracket follow the first ground point.
  • the direction X1 is set symmetrically. In this way, the spring foot is saved, and the scheme is simple and easy to implement.
  • first ground point and the second ground point may be arranged on the support, so that the second radiating section 12 is connected to the first ground point and the third radiating section 13 is connected to the second ground point.
  • first ground point and the second ground point need to be respectively connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring legs on the bracket, and there is no need to lay out wires on the bracket.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 may both be connected to the ground area of the electronic device, and the ground area is symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1.
  • FIG. 5c shows that the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 are respectively connected to the ground area (the ground area in FIG. 5c is shown by GG). .
  • the ground area can be set on the printed circuit board of the electronic device, it can also be set as a conductive cloth connected to the ground of the electronic device, and also set as a conductive plate connected to the ground of the electronic device under the screen of the electronic device. This is not limited.
  • the first feed source F1 is symmetrically connected to the first radiation section 11 along the first direction X1, so that there are one or more first contact points between the first feed source F1 and the first radiation section 11.
  • This application does not limit the number and positions of the first contact points, as long as all the first contact points are symmetrical along the first direction X1.
  • first contact point between the first feed source F1 and the first radiating section 11, and the first contact point is a symmetrical point of the first radiating section 11 and is located on the first radiating section 11 , That is, point A in Figure 6a is the first contact point.
  • the even P first contact points are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1, and there are even P first contact points.
  • the first contact point is located on the radiating section where the symmetry point of the first radiating section 11 is located.
  • the present application does not limit the specific size of the even number P, and the present application does not limit the distance between any two first contact points.
  • the odd Q first contact points include one first contact point and even P first contact points.
  • a first contact point is a symmetrical point of the first radiating section 11 and is located on the first radiating section 11.
  • the even-numbered P first contact points are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1, and the even-numbered P first contact points are located on the radiating section where the symmetry point of the first radiating section 11 in the first radiating section 11 is located.
  • the odd-numbered Q first contact points are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1.
  • the present application does not limit the specific size of the odd number Q, and the present application does not limit the distance between any two first contact points.
  • the odd number Q 3, as shown in FIG. 6c, point A1, point A2, and point A3 are three first contact points, and point A1, point A2, and point A3 are symmetrical along the first direction X1.
  • a first matching component may also be provided between the first feed F1 and the first contact point to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit, so that the first feed F1 can obtain a better directional pattern and cross-polarization performance. Thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the first matching component may be a capacitor, an inductor, a capacitor and an inductor, a capacitor and a switch, an inductor and a switch, or a capacitor, an inductor and a switch, and so on.
  • the application does not limit the capacitance value and quantity of capacitors, the inductance value and quantity of inductors, the type and quantity of switches, or the connection relationship of any two of the capacitors, inductors, and switches.
  • the second feed source F2 is connected to both the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 respectively, and the contact point between the second feed source F2 and the second radiating section 12 is called the second contact point in this application.
  • the contact point between the second feed source F2 and the second radiating section 12 is called a third contact point, and the second contact point and the third contact point are symmetrical along the first direction X1.
  • the second contact point is set at any position on the side of the second radiating section 12 opposite to the third radiating section 13, and the third contact point is set on the side of the third radiating section 13 opposite to the second radiating section 12 And the distance between the second contact point and the third contact point is within the first preset range, thereby ensuring the performance of the antenna unit.
  • this application does not limit the specific size of the first preset range, as long as the distance between the second contact point and the third contact point can ensure good performance of the antenna unit.
  • the second feed source F2 can be set at any position between the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13.
  • the second feed source F2 is respectively set at the position corresponding to the solid line and the position corresponding to the dotted line as an example for illustration.
  • the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 The minimum distance between is the distance aa1, the maximum distance is the distance aa2, and the first preset range is set to be less than or equal to the distance aa3, and the distance aa3 is less than the distance aa2 and greater than the distance aa1. Therefore, the second feed source F2 can be set at any position corresponding to the distance aa1 or more and the distance aa3 or less.
  • the second feed source F2 in FIG. 7b is set at a position corresponding to the distance aa1 and at a position corresponding to the distance aa3 as an example for illustration.
  • a second matching component may also be provided between the second feed source F2 and the second contact point, and/or between the second feed source F2 and the third contact point, so as to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit so that the second feed Source F2 can get better directional pattern and cross-polarization performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the second matching component may be a capacitor, an inductor, a capacitor and an inductor, a capacitor and a switch, an inductor and a switch, or a capacitor, an inductor and a switch, and so on.
  • the application does not limit the capacitance value and quantity of capacitors, the inductance value and quantity of inductors, the type and quantity of switches, or the connection relationship of any two of the capacitors, inductors, and switches.
  • the antenna unit may further include: a first non-conductive support member 14, a first conductive member 15 and a second conductive member 16.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 are suspended by the first non-conductive support member 14, and the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 are symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1.
  • the length is 1/2 wavelength
  • the length of the second conductive member 16 is 1/2 wavelength, which is the wavelength corresponding to any frequency point in the working frequency band of the antenna unit.
  • the material of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 is conductive material, which can be suspended by the first non-conductive support member 14 by means of patching or etching, so that the conductive first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 15
  • the two conductive members 16 can broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit and improve the performance of the antenna unit. Generally, the wider the width of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16, the better the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the first conductive member 15 or the second conductive member 16 may include various shapes.
  • the first conductive member 15 or the second conductive member 16 may be a regular patch as shown in FIGS. 8a-8c, or an irregular patch, or it may be FIGS. 9a-9c.
  • the regular closed loop shown may also be an irregular closed loop.
  • the specific shape of the first conductive member 15 or the second conductive member 16 is not limited in this application, and only needs to meet the requirements of the first conductive member 15 and the first conductive member 15
  • the two conductive members 16 may be symmetrically arranged along the first direction X1.
  • the present application does not limit the parameters such as the width, number, and position of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16.
  • the positions of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 will be illustrated with reference to FIGS. 10a-10f.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 are illustrated with rectangular cross-sectional shapes as an example.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 are illustrated as Take the rectangular closed loop as an example.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 may be arranged outside the first radiating section 11.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 may be symmetrically arranged on the outside of the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, as shown in FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b, the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 15 in FIG. 10a
  • the placement direction of the two conductive members 16 is perpendicular to the first direction X1.
  • the placement direction of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 is not perpendicular to the first direction X1.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 may also be symmetrically arranged on the outside of the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, as shown in FIG. 10c.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 may be arranged inside the first radiating section 11.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 can be symmetrically arranged inside the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, as shown in FIG. 10d and FIG. 10e.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 15 in FIG. 10d The placement direction of the two conductive members 16 is perpendicular to the first direction X1.
  • the placement direction of the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 is not perpendicular to the first direction X1.
  • the first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 may also be symmetrically arranged inside the first radiating section 11 along the first direction X1, as shown in FIG. 10f.
  • first conductive member 15 and the second conductive member 16 are not limited to the foregoing implementation manner.
  • the material of the first non-conductive support 14 is a non-conductive material. Among them, this application does not limit the number, material, position and other parameters of the first non-conductive support 14.
  • the first non-conductive support member 14 may be a glass battery cover, a plastic battery cover, or an explosion-proof film, which is not limited in this application.
  • Figure 11a shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electronic device.
  • the electronic device may include a printed circuit board, a middle frame, and an antenna unit as shown in FIG. 5c.
  • the second radiating section 12 may be connected to the ground area GG of the electronic device, and the ground area GG of the electronic device is connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring foot 1 on the middle frame of the electronic device.
  • the third radiating section 13 may be connected to the ground area GG of the electronic device, and the ground area GG of the electronic device is connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring foot 2 on the middle frame of the electronic device.
  • the middle frame can not only serve as the structural support of the printed circuit board, but also can be used to transfer the spring feet so that the ground area GG, the first ground point, and the second ground point of the electronic device can be connected to the ground of the printed circuit board.
  • This application does not limit the number and positions of the spring legs on the middle frame.
  • the electronic device is illustrated by using a mobile phone as an example, and the middle frame, the elastic foot 1 and the elastic foot 2 are not shown.
  • Figures 11b and 11c show schematic topological diagrams of the antenna units in Figures 11a and 5c, respectively.
  • the first feed source F1 is connected to a first contact point along the first direction X1.
  • the first contact point is a symmetrical point of the first radiating section 11 and is located on the first radiating section 11, thereby realizing an antenna The symmetrical feeding of the unit in order to excite the signal of the C-mode port of the first ring-shaped stub 10.
  • the second feed source F2 is respectively connected to the second radiating section 12 and the third radiating section 13 to realize the anti-symmetric feeding of the antenna unit, so as to excite the signal of the D mode port of the first ring stub 10 .
  • Fig. 11d shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the S parameters of the first feed F1 and the second feed F2 in different working frequency bands in Figs. 11b and 11c.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11, the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21, and the output reflection coefficient S22 in the S parameter, the unit is dB.
  • curve 1 represents the input reflection coefficient S11 of the first feed F1
  • curve 2 represents the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 of the first feed F1 and the second feed F2
  • curve 3 represents The output reflection coefficient S22 of the second feed source F2.
  • Fig. 11e shows a schematic diagram of waveforms of the respective system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the first feed source F1 and the second feed source F2 in Figs. 11b and 11c.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the system efficiency in dB.
  • curve 1 represents the system efficiency of the first feed F1
  • curve 2 represents the radiation efficiency of the first feed F1
  • curve 3 represents the system efficiency of the second feed F2
  • curve 4 represents the second feed F2 ⁇ radiation efficiency.
  • the antenna unit is based on the symmetrical layout of the same loop antenna (that is, the first loop stub), and the two feed sources respectively excite the signal of the C-mode port and the signal of the D-mode port of the loop antenna, so that the C-mode port
  • the signal at the D-mode port cancels itself out, so that the signal at the D-mode port cancels itself at the C-mode port, which realizes the signal isolation between the two ports, and also makes the signal of the C-mode port and the signal of the D-mode port radiate differently
  • the directions are complementary to each other, so that two antennas with high isolation and low ECC are realized, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also enables electronic devices to make full use of antenna elements to achieve various scenarios in a limited space. As a result, the electronic device contains a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization rate of the antenna space.
  • the antenna units each include a loop antenna and two feed sources, and the specific implementation manners of the loop antenna are the same.
  • the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the antenna unit of the second embodiment has a new branch compared with the antenna unit of the first embodiment.
  • connection mode the first embodiment and the second embodiment are the same in that: the connection mode of one of the two feed sources is the same, and the feed source is both connected to the loop antenna.
  • the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the connection mode of the other of the two feeds is different, and in the first embodiment, the feed is connected to the ring-shaped stub, and in the second embodiment, the feed is connected to the newly added one. Branch connection.
  • the antenna unit of the present application may include: a second loop stub 20, a feed stub 27, a third feed F3, and a fourth feed F4.
  • the second annular branch 20 may include a fourth radiating section 21, a fifth radiating section 22, and a sixth radiating section 23.
  • the fourth radiating section 21 has a ring shape.
  • the shape of the fourth radiating section 21 please refer to the description of the shape of the first radiating section in the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the shape of the fourth radiating section 21 can refer to the shape of the first radiating section shown in FIGS. 3a to 3e.
  • the fourth radiating section 21 is not closed and has two ends. One end of the fourth radiating section 21 is connected to the fifth radiating section 22, and the other end of the fourth radiating section 21 is connected to the sixth radiating section 23.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 are symmetrically arranged along the second direction X2, and there is an opening between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23.
  • the present application also does not limit the shape, width, or length of the fourth radiating section 21 and the fifth radiating section 22. And the size of the opening between the fourth radiating section 21 and the fifth radiating section 22 is not limited. In addition, the present application does not limit the relative positional relationship between the fourth radiating section 21 and the fifth radiating section 22, respectively, and the third radiating section.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 can refer to the description of setting the second radiating section and the third radiating section shown in FIGS. 4a to 4f in the first embodiment.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 are both grounded.
  • the grounding methods of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 please refer to the description of the grounding methods of the second radiating section and the third radiating section in the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the grounding manners of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 can refer to the descriptions of the grounding manners of the second radiating section and the third radiating section shown in FIGS. 5a to 5c in the first embodiment.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 is connected to M third grounding points of the electronic device
  • the sixth radiating section 23 is connected to M fourth grounding points of the electronic device
  • M is a positive integer.
  • this application does not limit the specific size of M.
  • the third ground point can refer to the description of the first ground point shown in Figures 5a and 5b in the first embodiment
  • the fourth ground point can refer to the second ground point shown in Figures 5a and 5b in the first embodiment. Descriptive content.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 are set on the bracket, and the third ground point and the fourth ground point can be set in a variety of ways. In the following, two feasible implementation modes are used for example.
  • the third ground point and the fourth ground point may be arranged on the printed circuit board.
  • the third grounding point and the fourth grounding point may be the ground of the printed circuit board, and do not need to be set separately.
  • the third grounding point and the fourth grounding point can also be set separately, and are connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through traces on the printed circuit board. Therefore, the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 are respectively transferred to the third ground point and the fourth ground point of the printed circuit board through different traces on the bracket, and usually the different traces on the bracket follow the second ground point.
  • the direction X2 is set symmetrically. In this way, the spring foot is saved, and the scheme is simple and easy to implement.
  • the third ground point and the fourth ground point may be arranged on the support, so that the fifth radiating section 22 is connected to the third ground point and the sixth radiating section 23 is connected to the fourth ground point.
  • the third ground point and the fourth ground point need to be respectively connected to the ground of the printed circuit board through the spring legs on the bracket, and there is no need to lay out wires on the bracket.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 may both be connected to the ground area of the electronic device, and the ground area is symmetrically arranged along the second direction X2.
  • the ground area is symmetrically arranged along the second direction X2.
  • the second direction X2 refers to the direction in which the axis of symmetry of the second ring-shaped stub 20 is located, and can point to any direction along with the placement direction of the second ring-shaped stub 20.
  • the second ring-shaped stub 20 can be configured to be completely symmetrical in structure, that is, the second direction is the direction of the symmetry axis of the second ring-shaped stub 20, and it can also be configured to be within the error range.
  • the asymmetry here is to eliminate the electrical asymmetry introduced by components other than the second annular stub 20, that is, the second direction is the direction where the symmetry axis of the second annular stub 20 is corrected.
  • the specific content of the second direction X2 can refer to the description content of the first direction X1 in the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second direction X2 in the present application is illustrated by taking the positive direction of the X axis as an example.
  • the feeding branch 27 is symmetrically arranged along the second direction X2, and the area of the feeding branch 27 facing the fifth radiating section 22 is equal to the area of the feeding branch 27 facing the sixth radiating section 23, which can ensure the feeding The branches 27 have symmetry.
  • the present application does not limit the manufacturing process of the feeding branch 27.
  • the feeding branch 27 may be made by using a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), or it may be made by a laser, or it may be made by a spraying process.
  • FPC flexible printed circuit board
  • the present application does not limit the shape, width, or length of the feeding stub 27 and the position thereof.
  • the arrangement of the feeding stub 27 will be described as an example.
  • the fourth radiating section 21 is illustrated with a square as an example.
  • the feeding stub 27 may be arranged inside the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, which can make full use of the internal space of the fourth radiating section 21 to realize the feeding stub 27, the fifth radiating section 22, and the sixth radiating section 21.
  • the arrangement of the radiating section 23 facilitates the layout of the antenna unit in a smaller space, and improves the space utilization rate of the antenna unit.
  • FIGS. 12a to 12f the feeding stub 27 in the above-described manner is illustrated.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and inside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 12a), or The feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 12a).
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12a can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12a can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and inside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 12b), or , The feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 12b).
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12b can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12b can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and inside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 12c), or , The feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 12c).
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12c can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12c can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the inside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12d can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12d can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and inside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 12e), or The feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 12e).
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12e can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4e in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12e can refer to the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in the first embodiment.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and inside the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 12f can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4f in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 12f can refer to the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in the first embodiment.
  • the feeding stub 27 may be arranged outside the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, which provides a possibility for realizing the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit can meet the actual space requirements.
  • FIGS. 13a to 13f the above-described feeding stub 27 is illustrated.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 13a can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13a can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 13b can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13b can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 13c can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13c can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and outside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 13d), or The feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 13d).
  • the arrangement of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 13d can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13d can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 and outside the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by solid lines in Fig. 13e), or The feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21 (shown by a dotted line in FIG. 13e).
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in FIG. 13e can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4e in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13e can refer to the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in the first embodiment.
  • the feeding branch 27 has a long strip shape and is located on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23 close to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in FIG. 13f can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4f in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 13f can refer to the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in the first embodiment.
  • the feeding stub 27 may extend from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 to the outside of the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, which provides another possibility for realizing the antenna unit, so that the antenna unit can meet the actual requirements.
  • the space requirements of the situation may be considered.
  • FIGS. 14a to 14f the above-described feeding stub 27 is illustrated.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding stub 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The fourth radiating section 21 is arranged outside.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14a can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14a can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4a in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding stub 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The fourth radiating section 21 is arranged outside.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14b can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14b can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment
  • the third radiation section can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4b in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding branch 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14c can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14c can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4c in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding branch 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14d can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14d can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4d in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding branch 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14e can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4e in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14e can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4e in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the feeding branch 27 is elongated and is located between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, and the feeding branch 27 extends from the inside of the fourth radiating section 21 in the second direction X2 to The outside of the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the setting of the fifth radiating section 22 in Fig. 14f can refer to the second radiating section shown in Fig. 4f in the first embodiment
  • the setting of the sixth radiating section 23 in Fig. 14f can refer to the setting shown in Fig. 4f in the first embodiment The third radiation section.
  • the area of the feeding stub 27 facing the fifth radiating section 22 in the second direction X2 is equal to the area of the feeding stub 27 facing the sixth radiating section 23 in the second direction X2.
  • the area of the vertical direction of the two directions X2 facing the fifth radiating section 22 is equal to the area of the feeding stub 27 facing the sixth radiating section 23 in the vertical direction of the second direction X2, so as to ensure that the feeding stub 27 has symmetry.
  • the third feed source F3 is symmetrically connected to the feeding stub 27 along the second direction X2, which is different from the way in which the first feed source is symmetrically connected to the first radiating section along the first direction X1 in the first embodiment.
  • the fourth contact point is a symmetrical point of the feeding stub 27 along the second direction X2. This application does not limit the number and positions of the fourth contact points, as long as the fourth contact points are symmetrical along the second direction X2.
  • the third feed source F3 is symmetrically connected with the feeding branch 27 along the second direction X2.
  • the third feed source F3 feeds in from the fourth contact point along the second direction X2, and the fourth contact point is located on the fourth radiating section 21 One side of the inner feeding stub 27.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 is connected to a third ground point
  • the sixth radiating section 23 is connected to a fourth ground point.
  • the third grounding point and the fourth grounding point are illustrated with grounding symbols as an example.
  • the third feed source F3 feeds in from the fourth contact point along the second direction X2, and the fourth contact point is located on the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the fifth radiating section 22 is connected to two third grounding points
  • the sixth radiating section 23 is connected to two fourth grounding points.
  • the third ground point and the fourth ground point are illustrated by taking ground symbols as an example.
  • a third matching component can also be provided between the third feed source F3 and the fourth contact point to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit, so that the third feed source F3 can obtain a better directivity pattern and cross-polarization performance. Thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the third matching component may be a capacitor, an inductor, a capacitor and an inductor, a capacitor and a switch, an inductor and a switch, or a capacitor, an inductor and a switch, and so on.
  • this application does not limit the capacitance value and quantity of capacitors, the inductance value and quantity of inductors, the type and quantity of switches, or the connection relationship of any two of capacitors, inductors, and switches.
  • the fourth feed source F4 is respectively connected to the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23, which is the same as the manner in which the second feed source is respectively connected to the second radiating section and the third radiating section in the first embodiment.
  • the contact point between the fourth feed source F4 and the fifth radiating section 22 is called the fifth contact point
  • the contact point between the fourth feed source F4 and the sixth radiating section 23 is called the sixth contact point
  • the fifth The contact point and the sixth contact point are symmetrical along the second direction X2.
  • the fifth contact point is set at any position on the side of the fifth radiating section 22 opposite to the sixth radiating section 23, and the sixth contact point is set on the side of the sixth radiating section 23 opposite to the fifth radiating section 22 And the distance between the fifth contact point and the sixth contact point is within the second preset range, thereby ensuring the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the present application does not limit the specific size of the second preset range, as long as the distance between the fifth contact point and the sixth contact point can ensure good performance of the antenna unit.
  • the fourth feed source F4 can be set at any position between the fifth radiating section 22 and the sixth radiating section 23.
  • the fourth feed source F4 is set at the position corresponding to the solid line and the position corresponding to the dotted line as an example for illustration.
  • the fourth feed source F4 may be set at any position corresponding to the distance aa1 or more and the distance aa3 or less.
  • the fourth feed source F4 in FIG. 16b is set at a position corresponding to the distance aa1 and at a position corresponding to the distance aa3 as an example for illustration.
  • the fourth feed source F4 and the fifth contact point, and/or, a fourth matching component may also be provided between the fourth feed source F4 and the sixth contact point, so as to adjust the frequency band of the antenna unit so that the fourth feed Source F4 can get better directional pattern and cross-polarization performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna unit.
  • this application does not limit the specific implementation form of the fourth matching component.
  • the fourth matching component may be a capacitor, an inductor, a capacitor and an inductor, a capacitor and a switch, an inductor and a switch, or a capacitor, an inductor and a switch, and so on.
  • the application does not limit the capacitance value and quantity of capacitors, the inductance value and quantity of inductors, the type and quantity of switches, or the connection relationship of any two of the capacitors, inductors, and switches.
  • the antenna unit may further include: a second non-conductive support member 24, a third conductive member 25, and a fourth conductive member 26.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are suspended by the second non-conductive support member 24, and the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are symmetrically disposed along the second direction X2.
  • the length is 1/2 wavelength
  • the length of the fourth conductive member 26 is 1/2 wavelength, which is the wavelength corresponding to any frequency point in the working frequency band of the antenna unit.
  • the material of the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 is conductive material, which can be suspended by the second non-conductive support member 24 by means of patching or etching, so that the conductive third conductive member 25 and the second conductive member 25 are suspended.
  • the four conductive members 26 can broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit and improve the performance of the antenna unit. Generally, the wider the width of the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26, the better the performance of the antenna unit.
  • the third conductive member 25 or the fourth conductive member 26 may include various shapes.
  • the shape of the third conductive member 25 or the fourth conductive member 26 please refer to the description of the shape of the first conductive member or the second conductive member in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the shape of the third conductive member 25 or the fourth conductive member 26 may refer to the patch shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c or the closed loop shown in FIGS. 9a to 9c in the first embodiment.
  • the present application does not limit the specific shape of the third conductive member 25 or the fourth conductive member 26, as long as the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are symmetrically arranged along the second direction X2.
  • the present application does not limit the parameters such as the width, number, and position of the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26.
  • the positions of the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 will be exemplified in conjunction with FIGS. 17a-17f.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are illustrated with rectangular cross-sectional shapes as an example.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are illustrated as Take the rectangular closed loop as an example.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may be arranged outside the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may be symmetrically arranged on the outside of the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, as shown in FIG. 17a and FIG. 17b.
  • the placement direction of the four conductive members 26 is perpendicular to the second direction X2.
  • the placement directions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are not perpendicular to the second direction X2.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may also be symmetrically arranged on the outside of the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, as shown in FIG. 17c.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may be disposed inside the fourth radiating section 21.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may be symmetrically arranged inside the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, as shown in FIG. 17d and FIG. 17e.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the second The placement direction of the four conductive members 26 is perpendicular to the second direction X2.
  • the placement directions of the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 are not perpendicular to the second direction X2.
  • the third conductive member 25 and the fourth conductive member 26 may also be symmetrically arranged inside the fourth radiating section 21 along the second direction X2, as shown in FIG. 17f.
  • the material of the second non-conductive support 24 is a non-conductive material. Among them, this application does not limit the number, material, position and other parameters of the second non-conductive support 24.
  • the second non-conductive support 24 may be a glass battery cover, a plastic battery cover, or an explosion-proof film, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 16a In a specific embodiment, based on the antenna unit shown in FIG. 16a, the structure, performance, and current distribution of the antenna unit of the present application will be described in detail in conjunction with FIGS. 18a to 18i.
  • Fig. 18a shows a schematic diagram of the topology of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 16a.
  • the antenna unit may include: a second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD), a feed stub 27 (EF), a third feed F3 and a fourth feed F4, the third feed F3 passes through the fourth contact point E Coupled feed, the fourth feed source F4 feeds through two points, the fifth contact point B and the sixth contact point C.
  • Points A and D are grounding points, and they are also used for the ground of the microstrip line of the fourth feed source F4.
  • the third matching component of the third feed source F3 is a 0.6pF capacitor connected in series, and the fourth matching component of the fourth feed source F4 is a 1.5nH inductor connected in series.
  • the third feed F3 excites the signal of the C-mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD), and the electromagnetic wave absorption rate (SAR) value is not higher than 0.75.
  • the fourth feed source F4 excites the signal of the D mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD), the SAR value is the highest 4.23, and the second resonance SAR is lower than 1.2.
  • the signal from the C-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 1
  • the signal from the D-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 2 so that the antenna unit can form two Antennas.
  • Table 1 shows the SAR simulation values of the antenna 1, where the backside designates the posture where the SAR probe is located on the back of the electronic device and is 5 mm away from the antenna.
  • Table 2 shows the simulated SAR values of antenna 2.
  • the ECC of antenna 1 and antenna 2 are different. Please refer to Table 3 for details.
  • the isolation between antenna 1 and antenna 2 is greater than 19.5 dB, and the ECC is less than 0.007.
  • the third feed source F3 can cover the N77+N79 frequency band, and the in-band efficiency is -3dB.
  • the fourth feed source F4 can cover the N77 frequency band, and the in-band efficiency is -5dB.
  • Fig. 18b shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the S parameters of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in different working frequency bands in Fig. 18a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11, the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 and the output reflection coefficient S22 in the S parameter, the unit is dB.
  • curve 1 represents the input reflection coefficient S11 of the third feed F3, the resonance point in curve 1 (corresponding to the signal of the D mode port of the first feed), and curve 2 represents the third feed F3 and the first The reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 of the four feed source F4, and the curve 3 represents the output reflection coefficient S22 of the fourth feed source F4.
  • Fig. 18c shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in Fig. 18a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the system efficiency in dB.
  • curve 1 represents the system efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the radiation efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 3 represents the system efficiency of the fourth feed F4
  • curve 4 represents the fourth feed F4 ⁇ radiation efficiency.
  • Fig. 18d shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the half-frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 1.4 GHz.
  • FIG. 18e shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 3 GHz.
  • FIG. 18f shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 3.6 GHz.
  • Figure 18g shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the 4GHz second loop stub 20 and the quarter frequency mode of the feed stub 27EF .
  • Fig. 18h shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the one-fold frequency mode of the second ring-shaped stub 20 at 3.2 GHz.
  • Fig. 18i shows the fourth matching component of the second ring stub 20 at 4.2GHz excited by the fourth feed source F4 (and connected in series with the fourth matching component of the 1.5nH inductor, where the radiating section AB and the radiating section CD act as a parallel inductor Function), the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit.
  • the structure, performance, and current distribution of the antenna unit of the present application will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 19a to 19j.
  • the difference from the previous embodiment is that the third matching component connected to the third feed source F3 is different from the fourth matching component connected to the fourth feed source F4.
  • Fig. 19a shows a schematic diagram of the topology of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 16a.
  • the antenna unit includes: a second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD), a feed stub 27 (EF), a third feed F3 and a fourth feed F4, the third feed F3 is coupled through a fourth contact point E Feeding, the fourth feed source F4 feeds through two points, the fifth contact point B and the sixth contact point C.
  • Points A and D are grounding points, and they are also used for the ground of the microstrip line of the fourth feed source F4.
  • the third matching component of the third feed source F3 is a 1pF capacitor connected in series
  • the fourth matching component of the fourth feed source F4 is a 0.3pF capacitor and a 4nH inductor connected in series.
  • the third feed source F3 excites the signal of the C-mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD).
  • the fourth feed source F4 excites the signal of the D mode port of the second loop antenna ABGHIJKLCD.
  • the third feed F3 can cover WIFI2.4G+N77+N79+WIFI5G frequency band, WIFI2.4G in-band efficiency -3.2dB, N77 in-band efficiency -5.7dB, N79 in-band -4.2dB, WIFI5G in-band efficiency -3.4dB .
  • the fourth feed F4 can cover WIFI2.4G+WIFI5G frequency band, WIFI2.4G in-band efficiency -3.2dB, WIFI5G in-band efficiency -3.7dB.
  • the maximum directivity of the two antennas at WIFI2.4GHz is 3.7dBi.
  • the signal from the C-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 1
  • the signal from the D-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 2, so that the antenna unit can form two Antennas.
  • Table 4 shows the SAR simulation value of the antenna 1
  • Table 5 shows the SAR simulation value of the antenna 2.
  • the ECC of antenna 1 and antenna 2 are different, see Table 6 for details.
  • the isolation between antenna 1 and antenna 2 is greater than 12.1 dB, and ECC is less than 0.04.
  • the SAR value of the signal of the C-mode port of Wifi2.4G is 0.6
  • the SAR value of the signal of the D-mode port is 2.86
  • the SAR value of the signal of the C-mode port of WIFI5G is 1.7
  • the SAR value of the signal of the D-mode port is 0.5
  • the SAR value of the signal at the C-mode port of the N77N79 is 0.7.
  • Fig. 19b shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the S parameters of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in different working frequency bands in Fig. 19a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11, the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 and the output reflection coefficient S22 in the S parameter, the unit is dB.
  • curve 1 represents the input reflection coefficient S11 of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 of the third feed F3 and the fourth feed F4
  • curve 3 represents The output reflection coefficient S22 of the fourth feed source F4.
  • Fig. 19c shows a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in Fig. 19a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the system efficiency in dB.
  • curve 1 represents the system efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the radiation efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 3 represents the system efficiency of the fourth feed F4
  • curve 4 represents the fourth feed F4 ⁇ radiation efficiency.
  • Fig. 19d shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the 2.4 GHz second loop stub 20.
  • Figure 19e shows the current of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the 3.6GHz second loop stub 20 (where the radiating section AB and the radiating section CD play the role of parallel inductance) Distribution.
  • FIG. 19f shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the five-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 4.7 GHz.
  • FIG. 19g shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 5.8 GHz.
  • FIG. 19h shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the one-fold frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 2.4 GHz.
  • Fig. 19i shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the double frequency mode of the 4GHz second loop stub 20.
  • Fig. 19j shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the triple frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 5.6 GHz.
  • the structure, performance, and current distribution of the antenna unit of the present application will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 20a to 20i.
  • the difference from the first specific embodiment is that the second non-conductive support member 24, the third conductive member 25MN, and the fourth conductive member 26OP are added.
  • Fig. 20a shows a schematic topology diagram of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 17a.
  • the antenna unit includes: a second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD), a feed stub 27 (EF), a third feed F3, a fourth feed F4, and a second non-conductive support 24 (not shown in Figure 20a) For illustration), the third conductive member 25MN and the fourth conductive member 26OP.
  • the third feed source F3 is coupled to feed through the fourth contact point E, and the fourth feed source F4 feeds through the fifth contact point B and the sixth contact point C.
  • Points A and D are grounding points, and they are also used for the ground of the microstrip line of the fourth feed source F4.
  • the third conductive member 25 (MN) and the fourth conductive member 26 (OP) are used to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit.
  • the third matching component of the third feed F3 is a 0.6pF capacitor connected in series, and the fourth matching component of the fourth feed F4 is a 1.5nH inductor connected in series.
  • the third feed source F3 excites the signal of the C-mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD).
  • the fourth feed source F4 excites the signal of the D mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD).
  • the signal from the C-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 1
  • the signal from the D-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna unit form antenna 2, so that the antenna unit can form two Antennas.
  • Table 7 shows the SAR simulation values of the antenna 1, the third conductive member 25 (MN) and the fourth conductive member 26 (OP)
  • Table 8 shows the antenna 2, the third conductive member 25MN and the fourth conductive member SAR simulation value of 26OP.
  • the ECC of antenna 1 and antenna 2 are different, see Table 9 for details.
  • the isolation between antenna 1 and antenna 2 is greater than 12dB, and the ECC is less than 0.09.
  • both the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 can cover the N77+N79 frequency band.
  • the in-band efficiency of the third feed F3 is -3dB
  • the in-band efficiency of the fourth feed F4 is -4dB.
  • the SAR value of the antenna 2 is the highest by the third conductive member 25MN and the fourth conductive member 26OP
  • the SAR value of the antenna 1 is the highest 1.18.
  • Fig. 20b shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the S parameters of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in different working frequency bands in Fig. 20a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11, the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 and the output reflection coefficient S22 in the S parameter, the unit is dB.
  • curve 1 represents the input reflection coefficient S11 of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 of the third feed F3 and the fourth feed F4
  • curve 3 represents The output reflection coefficient S22 of the fourth feed source F4.
  • Fig. 20c shows a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in Fig. 20a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the system efficiency in dB.
  • curve 1 represents the system efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the radiation efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 3 represents the system efficiency of the fourth feed F4
  • curve 4 represents the fourth feed F4 ⁇ radiation efficiency.
  • FIG. 20d shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 3 GHz.
  • FIG. 20e shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 3.7 GHz.
  • FIG. 20f shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the five-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 4.5 GHz.
  • FIG. 20g shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the third feed source F3 excites the three-half frequency mode of the second loop stub 20 at 2.9 GHz.
  • FIG. 20h shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the one-fold frequency mode of the 4GHz second loop stub 20.
  • Fig. 20i shows the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit when the fourth feed source F4 excites the double frequency mode of the 2.5 GHz second loop stub 20.
  • the structure, performance, and current distribution of the antenna unit of the present application will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 21a-21c.
  • the difference from the first specific embodiment is that the specific implementation form of the antenna unit is different.
  • Fig. 21a shows a schematic topology diagram of the antenna unit shown in Fig. 16b.
  • the antenna unit includes: a second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR), a feed stub 27 (EF), a third feed F3, and a fourth feed F4.
  • the third feed source F3 is coupled to feed through the fourth contact point E, and the fourth feed source F4 feeds through the fifth contact point O and the sixth contact point P.
  • Point M, point N, point Q, and point R are grounding points.
  • the third matching component of the third feed source F3 is a 0.7pF capacitor connected in series
  • the fourth matching component of the fourth feed source F4 is a 0.3pF capacitor connected in series.
  • the third feed F3 excites the signal of the C-mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR).
  • the fourth feed source F4 excites the signal of the D mode port of the second loop antenna (ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR).
  • the signal from the C-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna element form antenna 1
  • the signal from the D-mode port of the second loop antenna makes the antenna element form antenna 2.
  • the antenna unit can form two antennas.
  • the ECC of antenna 1 and antenna 2 are different for different frequencies. Refer to Table 10 for details.
  • the isolation between antenna 1 and antenna 2 is greater than 24.5dB, and the ECC is less than 0.0077.
  • the third feed F3 can cover the N77+N79 frequency band with an in-band efficiency of -3dB
  • the fourth feed F4 can cover the N77 frequency band with an in-band efficiency of -3.5dB.
  • Fig. 21b shows a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the S parameters of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in different working frequency bands in Fig. 21a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the input reflection coefficient S11, the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 and the output reflection coefficient S22 in the S parameter, the unit is dB.
  • curve 1 represents the input reflection coefficient S11 of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the reverse transmission coefficient S12/forward transmission coefficient S21 of the third feed F3 and the fourth feed F4
  • curve 3 represents The output reflection coefficient S22 of the fourth feed source F4.
  • Fig. 21c shows a schematic diagram of waveforms of the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4 in Fig. 21a.
  • the abscissa is the frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate is the system efficiency in dB.
  • curve 1 represents the system efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 2 represents the radiation efficiency of the third feed F3
  • curve 3 represents the system efficiency of the fourth feed F4
  • curve 4 represents the fourth feed F4 ⁇ radiation efficiency.
  • the antenna unit of the present application is based on the same second loop stub 20, and under the excitation of the third feed source F3 and the fourth feed source F4, the two antenna units with isolation can be realized.
  • the antenna unit is based on the symmetrical layout of the same loop antenna (that is, the second loop stub and the feeding stub), and the two feed sources excite the signal of the C-mode port and the signal of the D-mode port of the loop antenna.
  • the signal of the C-mode port is self-cancelled at the D-mode port, and the signal of the D-mode port is self-cancelled at the C-mode port, which realizes the signal isolation between the two ports, and also makes the signal of the C-mode port and the D-mode port
  • the signals complement each other in different radiation directions, thereby realizing two antennas with high isolation and low ECC, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also enables electronic devices to make full use of antenna elements to achieve various scenarios in a limited space. , It can also enable the electronic device to include a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization of antenna space.
  • this application also provides an electronic device.
  • the electronic device of the present application may include: a printed circuit board and at least one antenna unit.
  • the electronic device includes but is not limited to devices such as mobile phones, earphones, tablet computers, portable computers, wearable devices, or data cards.
  • any antenna unit shares the ground with the printed circuit board.
  • the antenna unit may adopt the specific implementation manner in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments in FIG. 1 to FIG. 21c.
  • the electronic device may include an antenna unit implemented based on the description of the first embodiment, an antenna unit implemented based on the description of the second embodiment, or an antenna implemented based on the description of the first embodiment.
  • the unit and the antenna unit implemented based on the description of the second embodiment are not limited in this application.
  • any antenna unit can be arranged on the frame of the electronic device, can also be arranged on a printed circuit board, or can be arranged through a bracket, which is not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device of the present application includes at least one antenna unit, which excites the C-mode port signal and the D-mode port signal of the same loop antenna in any antenna unit through two feed sources, and is based on the electrical symmetry of the antenna unit Setting so that the signal of the C-mode port is self-cancelled at the D-mode port, and the signal of the D-mode port is self-cancelled at the C-mode port, which realizes the signal isolation between the two ports, and also makes the signal of the C-mode port and the D-mode port.
  • the signals of the ports can complement each other in different radiation directions, so that two antennas with high isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient ECC can be realized based on the same loop antenna, which not only ensures good antenna performance, but also makes electronic equipment in a limited space.
  • the electronic device can also include a larger number of antennas in a limited space, which improves the utilization of antenna space.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种天线单元和电子设备。通过两个馈源分别激励起任意一个天线单元中的同一环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，且基于该天线单元的电对称设置，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离干扰能够自相消，还使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同的辐射方向上能够相互互补，从而基于同一环形天线实现两个具有隔离度高且包络相关系数ECC低的天线，不仅保障了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，提升了天线空间的利用率。

Description

天线单元和电子设备
本申请要求于2020年04月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010323918.5、申请名称为“天线单元和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线单元和电子设备。
背景技术
随着电子设备全面屏的发展，天线的空间日益恶化。同时，随着各种用户需求的满足，天线的数量日益增多。因此，如何在有限空间内放置更多的天线且保证各个天线具备良好的隔离度且包络相关系数ECC是现亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种天线单元和电子设备，以基于同一环形天线实现两个具有隔离度高且包络相关系数ECC低的天线，不仅确保了良好的天线性能，还提升了天线空间的利用率。
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线单元，包括：第一环形枝节、第一馈源和第二馈源；第一环形枝节包括：第一辐射段、第二辐射段和第三辐射段；第一辐射段呈环形，且第一辐射段不闭合，第一辐射段的一端与第二辐射段连接，第一辐射段的另一端与第三辐射段连接；第二辐射段与第三辐射段沿第一方向对称设置，第二辐射段和第三辐射段之间具有开口，且第二辐射段和第三辐射段均接地；第一馈源沿第一方向与第一辐射段对称连接；第二接触点与第三接触点沿第一方向对称，且第二接触点与第三接触点之间的距离在第一预设范围内，第二接触点为第二馈源与第二辐射段的接触点，第三接触点为第二馈源与第三辐射段的接触点。
通过第一方面提供的天线单元，天线单元基于同一环形天线(即第一环形枝节)的对称布局，通过两个馈源分别激励起该环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离，也使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同辐射方向上相互互补，从而实现了两个具有高隔离度且低ECC的天线，不仅能够确保了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，还可能够使得电子设备在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提升了天线空间的利用率。
在一种可能的设计中，第二辐射段和第三辐射段沿第一方向设置在第一辐射段的内部，方便在较小的空间中布局天线单元，提高了天线单元的空间利用率；或者，第二辐射段和第三辐射段沿第一方向设置在第一辐射段的外部，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求；或者，第二辐射段和第三辐射段沿第一方向从第一辐射段的内部延伸至第一辐射段的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天 线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求；或者，第二辐射段和第三辐射段沿第一方向的相反方向从第一辐射段的内部延伸至第一辐射段的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。
在一种可能的设计中，第二辐射段与电子设备的N个第一接地点连接，第三辐射段与电子设备的N个第二接地点连接，N为正整数。
在一种可能的设计中，在第二辐射段和第三辐射段设置在支架上的情况下，第一接地点和第二接地点设置在支架上，使得第一接地点和第二接地点需要通过支架上的弹脚分别与印刷电路板的地连接，而不需要在支架上布局走线；或者，第一接地点和第二接地点设置在电子设备的印刷电路板上，节省了弹脚，方案简单且易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第二辐射段和第三辐射段与电子设备的接地区域均连接，接地区域沿第一方向对称设置。
在一种可能的设计中，第一馈源与第一辐射段之间具有一个第一接触点，第一接触点为第一辐射段的对称点且位于第一辐射段上。
在一种可能的设计中，第一馈源与第一辐射段之间有偶数P个第一接触点，偶数P个第一接触点沿第一方向对称设置，且偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段中第一辐射段的对称点所在的辐射段上。
在一种可能的设计中，第一馈源与第一辐射段之间有奇数Q个第一接触点，且奇数Q大于或等于3，奇数Q个第一接触点包括：一个第一接触点和偶数P个第一接触点，一个第一接触点为第一辐射段的对称点且位于第一辐射段上，偶数P个第一接触点沿第一方向对称设置，且偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段中第一辐射段的对称点所在的辐射段上。
在一种可能的设计中，第一馈源与第一接触点之间设置有第一匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第一馈源可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。
在一种可能的设计中，第二馈源与第二接触点之间设置有第二匹配组件，和/或，第二馈源与第三接触点之间设置有第二匹配组件。这样做，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第二馈源可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。
在一种可能的设计中，天线单元还包括：第一不导电支撑件、第一导电件和第二导电件；第一导电件和第二导电件通过第一不导电支撑件悬浮设置，且第一导电件和第二导电件沿第一方向对称设置，第一导电件的长度为1/2波长，第二导电件的长度为1/2波长，波长为天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。从而，导电的第一导电件和第二导电件可以展宽天线单元的带宽，改善天线单元的性能。通常，第一导电件和第二导电件的宽度越宽，天线单元的性能越好。
在一种可能的设计中，第一导电件和第二导电件设置在第一辐射段的外部或内部。
在一种可能的设计中，第一不导电支撑件包括电子设备中的玻璃电池盖、塑料电池盖或者防爆膜中的至少一个。
第二方面，本申请提供一种天线单元，包括：第二环形枝节、馈电枝节、第三馈源和第四馈源；第二环形枝节包括：第四辐射段、第五辐射段和第六辐射段；第四辐射段呈环形，且第四辐射段不闭合，第四辐射段的一端与第五辐射段连接，第四辐射段的另一端与第六辐射段连接；第五辐射段与第六辐射段沿第二方向对称设置，第五辐射段与第六辐射 段之间具有开口，且第五辐射段与第六辐射段均接地；馈电枝节沿第二方向对称设置，且馈电枝节正对第五辐射段的面积与馈电枝节正对第六辐射段的面积相等；第三馈源沿第二方向与馈电枝节对称连接；第五接触点与第六接触点沿第二方向对称，且第五接触点与第六接触点之间的距离在第二预设范围内，第五接触点为第四馈源与第五辐射段的接触点，第六接触点为第四馈源与第六辐射段的接触点。
通过第二方面提供的天线单元，天线单元基于同一环形天线(即第二环形枝节与馈电枝节)的对称布局，通过两个馈源分别激励起该环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离，也使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同辐射方向上相互互补，从而实现了两个具有高隔离度且低ECC的天线，不仅能够确保了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，还可能够使得电子设备在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提升了天线空间的利用率。
在一种可能的设计中，第五辐射段和第六辐射段沿第二方向设置在第四辐射段的内部，方便在较小的空间中布局天线单元，提高了天线单元的空间利用率；或者，第五辐射段和第六辐射段沿第二方向设置在第四辐射段的外部，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求；或者，第五辐射段和第六辐射段沿第二方向从第四辐射段的内部延伸至第四辐射段的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求；或者，第五辐射段和第六辐射段沿第二方向的相反方向从第四辐射段的内部延伸至第四辐射段的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。
在一种可能的设计中，第五辐射段与电子设备的M个第三接地点连接，第六辐射段与电子设备的M个第四接地点连接，M为正整数。
在一种可能的设计中，在第五辐射段和第六辐射段设置在支架上的情况下，第三接地点和第四接地点设置在支架上，使得第三接地点和第四接地点需要通过支架上的弹脚分别与印刷电路板的地连接，而不需要在支架上布局走线；或者，第三接地点和第四接地点设置在电子设备的印刷电路板上，节省了弹脚，方案简单且易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第五辐射段和第六辐射段与电子设备的接地区域均连接，且接地区域沿第二方向对称设置。
在一种可能的设计中，馈电枝节沿第二方向设置在第四辐射段的内部，能够充分利用第四辐射段的内部空间，实现馈电枝节、第五辐射段和第六辐射段的设置，方便在较小的空间中布局天线单元，提高了天线单元的空间利用率；或者，馈电枝节沿第二方向设置在第四辐射段的外部，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求；或者，馈电枝节沿第二方向从第四辐射段的内部延伸至第四辐射段的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。
在一种可能的设计中，馈电枝节沿第二方向正对第五辐射段的面积与馈电枝节沿第二方向正对第六辐射段的面积相等；或者，馈电枝节沿第二方向的垂直方向正对第五辐射段的面积与馈电枝节沿第二方向的垂直方向正对第六辐射段的面积相等。从而，确保馈电枝节具有对称性。
在一种可能的设计中，第三馈源与馈电枝节之间具有至少一个第四接触点。
在一种可能的设计中，第三馈源与第四接触点之间设置有第三匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第三馈源可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。
在一种可能的设计中，第四馈源与第五接触点之间设置有第四匹配组件，和/或，第四馈源与第六接触点之间设置有第四匹配组件。这样做，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第四馈源可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。
在一种可能的设计中，天线单元还包括：第二不导电支撑件、第三导电件和第四导电件；第三导电件和第四导电件通过第二不导电支撑件悬浮设置，且第三导电件和第四导电件沿第二方向对称设置，第三导电件的长度为1/2波长，第四导电件的长度为1/2波长，波长为天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。从而，导电的第三导电件和第四导电件可以展宽天线单元的带宽，改善天线单元的性能。通常，第三导电件和第四导电件的宽度越宽，天线单元的性能越好。
在一种可能的设计中，第三导电件和第四导电件设置在第四辐射段的外部或内部。
在一种可能的设计中，第二不导电支撑件包括电子设备中的玻璃电池盖、塑料电池盖或者防爆膜中的至少一个。
第三方面，本申请提供一种电子设备，包括：印刷电路板和第一方面及第一方面任一种可能的设计中的的天线单元，和/或，印刷电路板和第二方面及第二方面任一种可能的设计中的天线单元。其中，天线单元中的馈点、调谐电路和匹配电路设置在印刷电路板上，天线单元中的接地点与印刷电路板共地。
上述第三方面以及上述第三方面的各可能的设计中所提供的电子设备，其有益效果可以参见上述第一方面和第一方面的各可能的实施方式，和/或，其有益效果可以参见上述第二方面和第二方面的各可能的实施方式所带来的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为一种周长为一个波长λ的环形天线的电流分布图；
图2为图1中环形天线在不同工作频段上的输入反射系数S11的波形示意图；
图3a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一辐射段/第四辐射段的形状示意图；
图3b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一辐射段/第四辐射段的形状示意图；
图3c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一辐射段/第四辐射段的形状示意图；
图3d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一辐射段/第四辐射段的形状示意图；
图3e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一辐射段/第四辐射段的形状示意图；
图4a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图4b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图4c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图4d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图4e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图4f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段与第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的示意图；
图5a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段和第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的接地方式的示意图；
图5b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段和第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的接地方式的示意图；
图5c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二辐射段和第三辐射段或者第五辐射段和第六辐射段的接地方式的示意图；
图6a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一馈源沿第一方向与第一辐射段连接的示意图；
图6b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一馈源沿第一方向与第一辐射段连接的示意图；
图6c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一馈源沿第一方向与第一辐射段连接的示意图；
图7a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二馈源分别与第二辐射段和第三辐射段连接的示意图；
图7b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第二馈源分别与第二辐射段和第三辐射段连接的示意图；
图8a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图8b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图8c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图9a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图9b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图9c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件或者第二导电件或者第三导电件或者第四导电件的形状示意图；
图10a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图10b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图10c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图10d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图10e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图10f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第一导电件和第二导电件的位置示意图；
图11a为一种电子设备的整体结构示意图；
图11b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图11c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图11d为图11b和图11c中第一馈源和第二馈源在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图；
图11e为图11b和图11c中第一馈源和第二馈源各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图；
图12a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图12b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图12c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图12d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图12e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图12f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图13f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图14f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中馈电枝节的示意图；
图15a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三馈源沿第二方向与馈电枝节对称连接的示意图；
图15b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三馈源沿第二方向与馈电枝节对称连接的示意图；
图16a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第四馈源分别与第五辐射段和第六辐射段连接的示意图；
图16b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第四馈源分别与第五辐射段和第六辐射段连接的示意图；
图17a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图17b为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图17c为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图17d为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图17e为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图17f为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元中第三导电件和第四导电件的位置示意图；
图18a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图18b为图18a中第三馈源和第四馈源在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图；
图18c为图18a中第三馈源和第四馈源各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图；
图18d为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图18e为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图18f为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图18g为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图18h为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图18i为图18a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图19b为图19a中第三馈源和第四馈源在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图；
图19c为图19a中第三馈源和第四馈源各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图；
图19d为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19e为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19f为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19g为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19h为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19i为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图19j为图19a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图20b为图20a中第三馈源和第四馈源在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图；
图20c为图20a中第三馈源和第四馈源各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图；
图20d为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20e为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20f为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20g为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20h为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图20i为图20a中天线单元的电流分布图；
图21a为本申请一实施例提供的天线单元的拓扑示意图；
图21b为图21a中第三馈源和第四馈源在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图；
图21c为图21a中第三馈源和第四馈源各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。
附图标记说明：
10—第一环形枝节；11—第一辐射段；12—第二辐射段；13—第三辐射段；14—第一不导电支撑件；15—第一导电件；16—第二导电件；F1—第一馈源；F2—第二馈源；X1—第一方向；
20—第二环形枝节；21—第四辐射段；22—第五辐射段；23—第六辐射段；24—第二不导电支撑件；25—第三导电件；26—第四导电件；27—馈电枝节；F3—第三馈源；F4—第四馈源；X2—第二方向。
具体实施方式
首先，下面对本申请中的部分用语进行解释说明，以便于本领域技术人员理解。
1、环形天线(loop antenna)：是将一根金属导线绕成一定形状，如圆形、方形、三角形、菱形等，以导体两端作为输出端的结构。
图1示出了一种周长为一个波长λ的环形天线的电流分布图。为了便于说明，图1中环形天线以方形进行举例示意。如图1所示，黑色粗线代表环形天线，环形天线的一端连接馈源(feed)，环形天线的另一端连接接地点，各个箭头代表环形天线在一个波长λ对应频率的电流分布，环形天线在三角形的位置处的电流最小，环形天线在实心圆的位置处的电流最大。
图2示出了图1中环形天线在不同工作频段上的输入反射系数S11的波形示意图。如图2所示，曲线1和曲线2分别代表图1中的环形天线在不同工作频段上的S11，曲线1和曲线2中环形天线的高次模丰富，使得环形天线具有易于调试和可覆盖很宽的中高频带宽等优点。
图2中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为输入反射系数S11，单位为dB，输入反射系数S11是S参数(即散射参数)中的一个，表示回波损耗特性，一般通过网络分析仪来看其损耗的dB值和阻抗特性。此参数表示天线跟前端电路的匹配程度好不好，反射系数S11的值越大，表示天线本身反射回来的能量越大，这样天线的匹配就越差。例如，天线A在某一频点的S11值为-1，天线B在相同频点的S11值为-3，天线B比天线A的匹配程度要好。
2、天线隔离度：是指一个天线发射的信号与另一个天线所接收的信号功率的比值。通常采用反向传输系数S12表示天线隔离度。其中，反向传输系数S12是S参数中的一个。
3、包络相关系数ECC：用于表示不同天线之间的耦合，此处的耦合可以包括：电流耦合、自由空间耦合和表面波耦合三种。本领域技术人员可以理解，隔离度是衡量天线之间耦合的一个重要指标。通常，通过减小上述三种耦合效应，便可提高天线之间的隔离度，保证足够低的ECC，维持较佳的天线性能。
本领域技术人员可以理解，一个天线可以单独馈电，产生等幅且同相的电流，即共模(common mode，C模)端口的信号。一个天线可以单独馈电，产生等幅且反相的电流，即差模(differential mode，D模)端口的信号。然而，当两个天线之间的距离较近时，由于两个天线之间存在耦合电容，导致两个天线之间的耦合效应随着距离的不断减小而不断增大。因此，当两个天线之间的距离较小时，两个天线之间的耦合效应较大，使得两个天线之间的隔离度降低，也使得两个天线之间的ECC较高。
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供一种天线单元和电子设备，通过两个馈源分别激励起任意一个天线单元中的同一环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，且基于该天线单元的电对称设置，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离开来，还使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同的辐射方向上能够相互互补，从而基于同一环形天线实现两个具有隔离度高且包络相关系数ECC低的天线，不仅保障了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，如应用在分集天线或者多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-out-put，MIMO)天线等多天线场景、方向图合成场景以及如横竖切换等方向图切换场景等中，还使得电子设备能够在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提 升了天线空间的利用率。
其中，本申请提及的电子设备可以包括但不限于：手机、耳机、平板电脑、手提式电脑、可穿戴式设备或者数据卡等设备。
其中，天线单元电对称设置。天线单元的电对称设置可以理解为天线单元具有一个电对称中心，通常与物理对称中心相对应。天线单元相对于这个电对称中心的两侧是电尺寸近似镜像相等的。若天线单元周边环境是理想对称，则天线单元的电对称即物理对称。若天线单元周边环境有引入不对称的器件，则需要将天线单元设置为不对称的结构，来抵消该器件引入的不对称，从而实现天线单元的电对称。为了便于说明，本申请中，以天线单元结构对称且天线单元周围环境也结构对称设置为例进行示意。
其中，本申请对馈源激励环形天线的馈电方式不做限定。故，本申请中可以将馈源采用直接馈电方式激励环形天线的场景设置为实施例一，将馈源采用类似共面波导馈(coplanar waveguide，CPW)的馈电形式激励环形天线的场景设置为实施例二。
为了便于说明，电子设备以手机为例，结合本申请实施例及其附图，采用实施例一和实施例二，分别对本申请通过同一个环形天线实现两个天线的具体实现过程进行描述。
实施例一
实施例一中，本申请的天线单元可以包括：第一环形枝节10、第一馈源F1和第二馈源F2。
其中，本申请对第一环形枝节10的制作工艺不做限定。例如，第一环形枝节10可以采用柔性电路板(flexible printed circuit board，FPC)制作而成，也可以采用激光镭射制作而成，也可以采用喷涂工艺制作而成。且本申请对第一环形枝节10的设置位置也不做限定。例如，第一环形枝节10可以设置在如手机等电子设备的金属边框，也可以设置在电子设备的印刷电路板上，也可以采用支架搭设在电子设备的印刷电路板上。
本申请中，该第一环形枝节10可以包括：第一辐射段11、第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13。
其中，第一辐射段11呈环形。可选地，该第一辐射段11可以为图3a所示的圆形，也可以为图3b所示的方形，也可以为图3c-图3e所示的不规则形状，也可以为三角形，本申请对第一辐射段11的具体形状不做限定，只需满足第一辐射段11沿第一方向X1对称设置即可。该第一方向X1指的是该第一环形枝节10的对称轴所在的方向，可以随着第一环形枝节10的放置方向而指向任意一个方向。为了便于说明，本申请中第一方向X1以X轴的正方向为例进行示意。需要说明的是，该第一环形枝节10可以在结构上设置为完全对称，即第一方向X1为该第一环形枝节10的对称轴所在的方向，也可以允许在结构上设置为出现误差范围内的不对称，此处的不对称是为了消除该第一环形枝节10之外的其他部件所引入的电不对称，即第一方向X1为该第一环形枝节10矫正后的对称轴所在的方向。
并且，第一辐射段11不闭合，且具有两端。第一辐射段11的一端与第二辐射段12连接，第一辐射段11的另一端与第三辐射段13连接。且第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13沿第一方向X1对称设置，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13之间具有开口。
其中，本申请对第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的形状、宽度或者长度等参数也不做限定。且第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13之间的开口的大小不做限定。另外，本申请对第 二辐射段12与第三辐射段13分别与第一辐射段11的相对位置关系不做限定。
下面，在图3b所示方形的第一辐射段11的基础上，结合图4a-图4f，对第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13的设置进行说明。
可选地，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13可以沿第一方向X1设置在第一辐射段11的内部，能够充分利用第一辐射段11的内部空间，实现第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的设置，方便在较小的空间中布局天线单元，提高了天线单元的空间利用率。其中，基于前述描述的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的形状可以包括多种，以图4a、6b和6c为例进行举例说明。为了便于说明，图4a所示的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13呈长条状，图4b和图4c所示的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13采用不同的不规则形状。
可选地，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13可以沿第一方向X1设置在第一辐射段11的外部，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。其中，基于前述描述的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的形状可以包括多种，以图4d为例进行举例说明。为了便于说明，图4d所示的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13呈长条状。
可选地，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13可以沿第一方向X1从第一辐射段11的内部延伸至第一辐射段11的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供另一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。其中，基于前述描述的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的形状可以包括多种，以图4e为例进行举例说明。其中，图4e所示的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13呈长条状。
可选地，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13可以沿第一方向X1的相反方向从第一辐射段11的内部延伸至第一辐射段11的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供另一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。其中，基于前述描述的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的形状可以包括多种，以图4f为例进行举例说明。其中，图4f所示的第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13呈长条状。
并且，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13均接地。其中，本申请对第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的接地方式不做限定。下面，结合图5a-图5c，对第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13的接地方式进行说明。
可选地，第二辐射段12与电子设备的N个第一接地点连接，第三辐射段13与电子设备的N个第二接地点连接，N为正整数。其中，本申请对N的具体大小不做限定。为了便于说明，图5a-图5c中，第一接地点和第二接地点以接地符号进行示意。
以N＝1为例，在图4b所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，图5a示出了对第二辐射段12与一个第一接地点连接，第三辐射段13与一个第二接地点连接。
以N＝2为例，在图4c所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，图5b示出了第二辐射段12与两个第一接地点连接，第三辐射段13与两个第二接地点连接。需要说明的是，在图4c所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，第二辐射段12也可以与一个第一接地点连接，且第三辐射段13与一个第二接地点连接。
其中，本申请对电子设备的第一接地点和第二接地点的具体实现方式不做限定。本领域技术人员可以理解，电子设备的各个部件需要共地。因此，第一接地点和第二接地点需要与电子设备中印刷电路板的地连接。
当本申请天线单元采用支架进行工艺制作时，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13设置在 支架上，而第一接地点和第二接地点可以采用多种方式进行设置。下面，采用两种可行的实现方式进行举例示意。
一种可行的实现方式中，第一接地点和第二接地点可以设置在印刷电路板上。其中，第一接地点和第二接地点可以为印刷电路板的地，无需单独设置。第一接地点和第二接地点也可单独设置，并通过印刷电路板上的走线与印刷电路板的地连接。从而，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13通过支架上的不同走线分别转接到印刷电路板的第一接地点和第二接地点上，且通常支架上的不同走线沿第一方向X1对称设置。这样做，节省了弹脚，方案简单且易于实现。
另一种可行的实现方式中，第一接地点和第二接地点可以设置在支架上，使得第二辐射段12与第一接地点连接以及第三辐射段13与第二接地点连接。并且，第一接地点和第二接地点需要通过支架上的弹脚分别与印刷电路板的地连接，而不需要在支架上布局走线。
可选地，第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13可以与电子设备的接地区域均连接，且该接地区域沿第一方向X1对称设置。为了便于说明，在图4f所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，图5c示出了第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13分别与接地区域(图5c中接地区域采用GG进行示意)连接。
其中，本申请对接地区域的具体大小和位置均不做限定。该接地区域可以设置在电子设备的印刷电路板上，也可以设置为与电子设备的地连接的导电布，也设置为电子设备的屏幕下方与电子设备的地连接的导电板上，本申请对此不做限定。
本申请中，第一馈源F1沿第一方向X1与第一辐射段11对称连接，使得第一馈源F1与第一辐射段11之间具有一个或者多个第一接触点。本申请对第一接触点的数量和位置不做限定，只需满足全部的第一接触点沿第一方向X1对称即可。
下面，在图5b所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，结合图6a-图6c，采用三种可行的实现方式，对第一馈源F1沿第一方向X1与第一辐射段11连接进行举例示意。图6a-图6c中，由于第一辐射段11沿第一方向X1对称，故第一辐射段11的对称轴与第一方向X1重叠。
一种可行的实现方式中，第一馈源F1与第一辐射段11之间有一个第一接触点，该第一接触点为第一辐射段11的对称点且位于第一辐射段11上，即图6a中的点A即第一接触点。
另一种可行的实现方式中，第一馈源F1与第一辐射段11之间有偶数P个第一接触点，偶数P个第一接触点沿第一方向X1对称设置，且偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段11中第一辐射段11的对称点所在的辐射段上。
其中，本申请对偶数P的具体大小不做限定，且本申请对任意两个第一接触点之间的距离不做限定。为了便于说明，当偶数P＝2时，如图6b所示，点A1和点A2即为两个第一接触点，且点A1和点A2沿第一方向X1对称。
另一种可行的实现方式中，结合前述两种实现方式，第一馈源F1与第一辐射段11之间有奇数Q个第一接触点，且奇数Q大于或等于3。且在奇数Q个第一接触点包括一个第一接触点和偶数P个第一接触点。其中，一个第一接触点为第一辐射段11的对称点且位于第一辐射段11上。偶数P个第一接触点沿第一方向X1对称设置，且偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段11中第一辐射段11的对称点所在的辐射段上。从而，使得奇数Q个第 一接触点沿第一方向X1对称设置。
其中，本申请对奇数Q的具体大小不做限定，且本申请对任意两个第一接触点之间的距离不做限定。为了便于说明，当奇数Q＝3时，如图6c所示，点A1、点A2和点A3即为三个第一接触点，且点A1、点A2和点A3沿第一方向X1对称。
另外，第一馈源F1与第一接触点之间也可以设置有第一匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第一馈源F1可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。其中，本申请对第一匹配组件的具体实现形式不做限定。例如，第一匹配组件可以为电容、电感、电容和电感、电容和开关、电感和开关或者电容、电感和开关等。其中，本申请对电容的容值和数量、电感的感值和数量、开关的类型和数量或者电容、电感和开关中任意两种的连接关系均不做限定。
本申请中，第二馈源F2分别与第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13均连接，且本申请将第二馈源F2与第二辐射段12的接触点称为第二接触点，将第二馈源F2与第二辐射段12的接触点称为第三接触点，第二接触点和第三接触点沿第一方向X1对称。
并且，第二接触点设置在第二辐射段12上与第三辐射段13相对的一面的任意一个位置处，第三接触点设置在第三辐射段13上与第二辐射段12相对的一面的任意一个位置处，且第二接触点和第三接触点之间的距离在第一预设范围内，从而确保了天线单元的性能。
其中，本申请对第一预设范围的具体大小不做限定，只需第二接触点与第三接触点之间的距离能够保证天线单元的性能良好即可。
下面，结合图7a和图7b，对第二馈源F2分别与第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13连接的具体实现方式进行示意。
在图6a所示第一环形枝节10的基础上，如图7a所示，第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13之间的距离相同且为距离aa，该距离aa在第一预设范围内，因此，第二馈源F2可以设置第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13之间的任意一个位置处。为了便于说明，图7a中，第二馈源F2分别以设置在实线对应的位置处和设置在虚线对应的位置处为例进行示意。
在图5b所示第一环形枝节10且第一馈源F1与第一辐射体之间具有一个第一接触点的基础上，如图7b所示，第二辐射段12与第三辐射段13之间的最小距离为距离aa1，最大距离为距离aa2，且第一预设范围设置为小于等于距离aa3，且距离aa3小于距离aa2且大于距离aa1。因此，第二馈源F2可以设置在大于等于距离aa1且小于等于距离aa3所对应的任意一个位置处。为了便于说明，图7b中第二馈源F2以设置在距离aa1对应的位置处和设置在距离aa3对应的位置处为例进行示意。
另外，第二馈源F2与第二接触点，和/或，第二馈源F2与第三接触点之间也可以设置有第二匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第二馈源F2可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。其中，本申请对第二匹配组件的具体实现形式不做限定。例如，第二匹配组件可以为电容、电感、电容和电感、电容和开关、电感和开关或者电容、电感和开关等。其中，本申请对电容的容值和数量、电感的感值和数量、开关的类型和数量或者电容、电感和开关中任意两种的连接关系均不做限定。
在上述实施例的基础上，天线单元还可以包括：第一不导电支撑件14、第一导电件15和第二导电件16。其中，第一导电件15和第二导电件16通过第一不导电支撑件14悬浮设置，且第一导电件15和第二导电件16沿第一方向X1对称设置，第一导电件15的长 度为1/2波长，第二导电件16的长度为1/2波长，该波长为天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。
本申请中，第一导电件15和第二导电件16的材质为导电材质，可以采用贴片或者蚀刻等方式通过第一不导电支撑件14悬浮设置，从而导电的第一导电件15和第二导电件16可以展宽天线单元的带宽，改善天线单元的性能。通常，第一导电件15和第二导电件16的宽度越宽，天线单元的性能越好。
其中，第一导电件15或者第二导电件16可以包括多种形状。可选地，第一导电件15或者第二导电件16可以为图8a-图8c所示的规则的块状(patch)，也可以为不规则的块状，也可以为图9a-图9c所示的规则的闭合环状，也可以为不规则的闭合环状，本申请对第一导电件15或者第二导电件16的具体形状不做限定，只需满足第一导电件15和第二导电件16沿第一方向X1对称设置即可。
并且，本申请对第一导电件15和第二导电件16的宽度、数量和位置等参数也不做限定。下面，在图7a所示的天线单元的基础上，结合图10a-图10f，对第一导电件15和第二导电件16的位置进行举例说明。为了便于说明，图10a-图10c中，第一导电件15和第二导电件16以矩形截面形状为例进行示意，图10d-图10f中，第一导电件15和第二导电件16以矩形闭合环为例进行示意。
可选地，第一导电件15和第二导电件16可以设置在第一辐射段11的外部。例如，第一导电件15和第二导电件16可以沿第一方向X1上下对称设置在第一辐射段11的外部，如图10a和图10b所示，图10a中第一导电件15和第二导电件16的放置方向与第一方向X1垂直，图10b中第一导电件15和第二导电件16的放置方向与第一方向X1不垂直。又如，第一导电件15和第二导电件16也可以沿第一方向X1左右对称设置在第一辐射段11的外部，如图10c所示。
可选地，第一导电件15和第二导电件16可以设置在第一辐射段11的内部。例如，第一导电件15和第二导电件16可以沿第一方向X1上下对称设置在第一辐射段11的内部，如图10d和图10e所示，图10d中第一导电件15和第二导电件16的放置方向与第一方向X1垂直，图10e中第一导电件15和第二导电件16的放置方向与第一方向X1不垂直。又如，第一导电件15和第二导电件16也可以沿第一方向X1左右对称设置在第一辐射段11的内部，如图10f所示。
需要说明的是，第一导电件15和第二导电件16的位置不限于上述的实现方式。
另外，第一不导电支撑件14的材质为不导电的材质。其中，本申请对第一不导电支撑件14的数量、材质和位置等参数均不做限定。可选地，第一不导电支撑件14可以为玻璃电池盖，也可以为塑料电池盖，也可以为防爆膜，本申请对此不做限定。
在一个具体的实施例中，基于图5c所示的天线单元，结合图11a-图11d，对本申请的天线单元的结构和性能进行详细说明。
图11a示出了电子设备的整体结构示意图。如图11a所示，电子设备可以包括印刷电路板、中框和如图5c所示的天线单元。如图11a和图5c所示，第二辐射段12可以与电子设备的接地区域GG连接，电子设备的接地区域GG通过电子设备的中框上的弹脚foot1与印刷电路板的地连接。第三辐射段13可以与电子设备的接地区域GG连接，电子设备的接地区域GG通过电子设备的中框上的弹脚foot2与印刷电路板的地连接。
其中，中框不仅可以作为印刷电路板的结构支撑，还可以用于转接弹脚，以便电子设备的接地区域GG、第一接地点、第二接地点可以与印刷电路板的地连接。本申请对中框上弹脚的数量和位置均不做限定。为了便于说明，图11a中，电子设备以手机为例进行示意，中框、弹脚foot1和弹脚foot2均未进行示意。
图11b和图11c分别示出了图11a和图5c中天线单元的拓扑示意图。如图11b所示，第一馈源F1沿第一方向X1与一个第一接触点连接，该第一接触点为第一辐射段11的对称点且位于第一辐射段11上，从而实现天线单元的对称馈电，以便激起第一环形枝节10的C模端口的信号。如图11c所示，第二馈源F2分别与第二辐射段12和第三辐射段13均连接，实现天线单元的反对称馈电，以便激起第一环形枝节10的D模端口的信号。
图11d示出了图11b和图11c中第一馈源F1和第二馈源F2在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图。图11d中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为S参数中的输入反射系数S11、反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21和输出反射系数S22，单位为dB。如图11d所示，曲线1代表第一馈源F1的输入反射系数S11，曲线2代表第一馈源F1和第二馈源F2的反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21，曲线3代表第二馈源F2的输出反射系数S22。
图11e示出了图11b和图11c中第一馈源F1和第二馈源F2各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。图11e中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为系统效率，单位为dB。如图11e所示，曲线1代表第一馈源F1的系统效率，曲线2代表第一馈源F1的辐射效率，曲线3代表第二馈源F2的系统效率，曲线4代表第二馈源F2的辐射效率。
实施例一中，天线单元基于同一环形天线(即第一环形枝节)的对称布局，通过两个馈源分别激励起该环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离，也使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同辐射方向上相互互补，从而实现了两个具有高隔离度且低ECC的天线，不仅能够确保了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，还可能够使得电子设备在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提升了天线空间的利用率。
实施例二
结构上，实施例一和实施例二中相同的是：天线单元均包括环形天线以及两个馈源，且环形天线的具体实现方式均相同。实施例一和实施例二不同的是：实施例二的天线单元比实施例一的天线单元新增了一枝节。
连接方式上，实施例一和实施例二相同的是：两个馈源中的一个馈源的连接方式相同，且该馈源均与环形天线连接。实施例一和实施例二不同的是：两个馈源中的另一个馈源的连接方式不同，且实施例一中该馈源与环形枝节连接，实施例二中该馈源与新增的枝节连接。
实施例二中，本申请的天线单元可以包括：第二环形枝节20、馈电枝节27、第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4。
其中，第二环形枝节20的具体实现方式可参见实施例一中第一环形枝节的描述内容，此处不做赘述。
本申请中，该第二环形枝节20可以包括第四辐射段21、第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23。
其中，第四辐射段21呈环形。第四辐射段21的具体形状可参见实施例一中对第一辐射段的形状的描述内容，此处不做赘述。例如，第四辐射段21的形状可以参见图3a-图3e所示的第一辐射段的形状。
并且，第四辐射段21不闭合，且具有两端。第四辐射段21的一端与第五辐射段22连接，第四辐射段21的另一端与第六辐射段23连接。第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23沿第二方向X2对称设置，第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23之间具有开口。
其中，本申请对第四辐射段21和第五辐射段22的形状、宽度或者长度等参数也不做限定。且第四辐射段21与第五辐射段22之间的开口的大小不做限定。另外，本申请对第四辐射段21与第五辐射段22分别与第三辐射段的相对位置关系不做限定。
第五辐射段22的具体实现方式可参见实施例一中第二辐射段的描述内容，第六辐射段23的具体实现方式可参见实施例一中第三辐射段的描述内容，此处不做赘述。例如，第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23的设置可以参见实施例一中图4a-图4f所示的设置第二辐射段与第三辐射段的描述内容。
并且，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23均接地。其中，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23的接地方式可参见实施例一中第二辐射段和第三辐射段的接地方式的描述内容，此处也不做赘述。例如，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23的接地方式可以参见实施例一中图5a-图5c所示的第二辐射段和第三辐射段的接地方式的描述内容。
可选地，第五辐射段22与电子设备的M个第三接地点连接，第六辐射段23与电子设备的M个第四接地点连接，M为正整数。其中，本申请对M的具体大小不做限定。其中，第三接地点可以参见实施例一中图5a和图5b所示的第一接地点的描述内容，第四接地点可以参见实施例一中图5a和图5b所示的第二接地点的描述内容。
当本申请天线单元采用支架进行工艺制作时，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23设置在支架上，而第三接地点和第四接地点可以采用多种方式进行设置。下面，采用两种可行的实现方式进行举例示意。
一种可行的实现方式中，第三接地点和第四接地点可以设置在印刷电路板上。其中，第三接地点和第四接地点可以为印刷电路板的地，无需单独设置。第三接地点和第四接地点也可单独设置，并通过印刷电路板上的走线与印刷电路板的地连接。从而，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23通过支架上的不同走线分别转接到印刷电路板的第三接地点和第四接地点上，且通常支架上的不同走线沿第二方向X2对称设置。这样做，节省了弹脚，方案简单且易于实现。
另一种可行的实现方式中，第三接地点和第四接地点可以设置在支架上，使得第五辐射段22与第三接地点连接以及第六辐射段23与第四接地点连接。并且，第三接地点和第四接地点需要通过支架上的弹脚分别与印刷电路板的地连接，而不需要在支架上布局走线。
可选地，第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23可以与电子设备的接地区域均连接，且该接地区域沿第二方向X2对称设置。其中，上述实现方式可以参见实施例一中图5c所示实施例的描述内容。
其中，该第二方向X2指的是该第二环形枝节20的对称轴所在的方向，可以随着第二环形枝节20的放置方向而指向任意一个方向。需要说明的是，该第二环形枝节20可以在结构上设置为完全对称，即第二方向为该第二环形枝节20的对称轴所在的方向，也可以 允许在结构上设置为出现误差范围内的不对称，此处的不对称是为了消除该第二环形枝节20之外的其他部件所引入的电不对称，即第二方向为该第二环形枝节20矫正后的对称轴所在的方向。且第二方向X2的具体内容可参见实施例一中第一方向X1的描述内容，此处不做赘述。为了便于说明，本申请中第二方向X2以X轴的正方向为例进行示意。
本申请中，馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2对称设置，且馈电枝节27正对第五辐射段22的面积与馈电枝节27正对第六辐射段23的面积相等，可以确保馈电枝节27具有对称性。
其中，本申请对馈电枝节27的制作工艺不做限定。例如，馈电枝节27可以采用柔性电路板(flexible printed circuit board，FPC)制作而成，也可以采用激光镭射制作而成，也可以采用喷涂工艺制作而成。且本申请对馈电枝节27的形状、宽度或者长度等参数以及位置也不做限定。
下面，结合图12a-图12f、图13a-图13f以及图14a-图14f，对馈电枝节27的设置进行举例说明。为例便于说明，图12a-图12f、图13a-图13f以及图14a-图14f中，第四辐射段21以方形为例进行示意。
可选地，馈电枝节27可以沿第二方向X2设置在第四辐射段21的内部，能够充分利用第四辐射段21的内部空间，实现馈电枝节27、第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23的设置，方便在较小的空间中布局天线单元，提高了天线单元的空间利用率。
以图12a-图12f为例，对上述描述方式的馈电枝节27进行示意。
如图12a所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的内部(图12a中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的内部的一侧(图12a中采用虚线进行示意)。且图12a中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第二辐射段，图12a中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第三辐射段。
如图12b所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的内部(图12b中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的内部的一侧(图12b中采用虚线进行示意)。且图12b中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第二辐射段，图12b中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第三辐射段。
如图12c所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的内部(图12c中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的内部的一侧(图12c中采用虚线进行示意)。且图12c中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第二辐射段，图12c中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第三辐射段。
如图12d所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的内部的一侧。且图12d中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第二辐射段，图12d中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第三辐射段。
如图12e所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的内部(图12e中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的内部的一侧(图12e中采用虚线进 行示意)。且图12e中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第二辐射段，图12e中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第三辐射段。
如图12f所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的内部。且图12f中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第二辐射段，图12f中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第三辐射段。
可选地，馈电枝节27可以沿第二方向X2设置在第四辐射段21的外部，为实现天线单元提供一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。
以图13a-图13f为例，对上述描述的馈电枝节27进行示意。
如图13a所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧。且图13a中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第二辐射段，图13a中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第三辐射段。
如图13b所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧。且图13b中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第二辐射段，图13b中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第三辐射段。
如图13c所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧。且图13c中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第二辐射段，图13c中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第三辐射段。
如图13d所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的外部(图13d中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧(图13d中采用虚线进行示意)。且图13d中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第二辐射段，图13d中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第三辐射段。
如图13e所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间且位于第四辐射段21的外部(图13e中采用实线进行示意)，或者，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧(图13e中采用虚线进行示意)。且图13e中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第二辐射段，图13e中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第三辐射段。
如图13f所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23靠近第四辐射段21的外部的一侧。且图13f中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第二辐射段，图13f中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第三辐射段。
可选地，馈电枝节27可以沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部设置，为实现天线单元提供另一种可能性，以便天线单元能够满足实际情况的空间需求。
以图14a-图14f为例，对上述描述的馈电枝节27进行示意。
如图14a所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部设置。且图14a中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第二辐射段，图14a中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4a所示的第三辐射段。
如图14b所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部设置。且图14b中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第二辐射段，图14b中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4b所示的第三辐射段。
如图14c所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部。且图14c中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第二辐射段，图14c中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4c所示的第三辐射段。
如图14d所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部。且图14d中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第二辐射段，图14d中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4d所示的第三辐射段。
如图14e所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部。且图14e中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第二辐射段，图14e中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4e所示的第三辐射段。
如图14f所示，馈电枝节27呈长条状并位于第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23之间，且馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2从第四辐射段21的内部延伸至第四辐射段21的外部。且图14f中的第五辐射段22的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第二辐射段，图14f中的第六辐射段23的设置可参见实施例一中图4f所示的第三辐射段。
综上，馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2正对第五辐射段22的面积与馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2正对第六辐射段23的面积相等，或者，馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2的垂直方向正对第五辐射段22的面积与馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2的垂直方向正对第六辐射段23的面积相等，从而确保馈电枝节27具有对称性。
本申请中，第三馈源F3沿第二方向X2与馈电枝节27对称连接，与实施例一中第一馈源沿第一方向X1与第一辐射段对称连接的方式不同，且本申请中第三馈源F3与馈电枝节27之间具有一个或者多个第四接触点。其中，第四接触点为馈电枝节27沿第二方向X2的对称点。本申请对第四接触点的数量和位置均不做限定，只需满足第四接触点沿第二方向X2对称即可。
以第四接触点的数量为一个为例，结合图15a和图15b，对第三馈源F3沿第二方向X2与馈电枝节27对称连接进行示意。
在图12b所示第二环形枝节20的基础上，如图15a所示，第三馈源F3沿第二方向X2从第四接触点馈入，该第四接触点位于第四辐射段21的内部的馈电枝节27的一侧。且第五辐射段22与一个第三接地点连接，第六辐射段23与一个第四接地点连接。图15a中，第三接地点和第四接地点以接地符号为例进行示意。
在图12c所示第二环形枝节20的基础上，如图15b所示，第三馈源F3沿第二方向X2从第四接触点馈入，该第四接触点位于第四辐射段21的内部的馈电枝节27的一侧。且第五辐射段22与两个第三接地点连接，第六辐射段23与两个第四接地点连接。图15b中，第三接地点和第四接地点以接地符号为例进行示意。
另外，第三馈源F3与第四接触点之间也可以设置有第三匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第三馈源F3可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。其中，本申请对第三匹配组件的具体实现形式不做限定。例如，第三匹配组件可以为电容、电感、电容和电感、电容和开关、电感和开关或者电容、电感和开关等。其中，本申请对电容的容值和数量、电感的感值和数量、开关的类型和数量或者电容、电感和开关中任意两种的连接关系均不做限定。
本申请中，第四馈源F4分别与第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23均连接，与实施例一中第二馈源分别与第二辐射段和第三辐射段均连接的方式相同，且本申请将第四馈源F4与第五辐射段22的接触点称为第五接触点，将第四馈源F4与第六辐射段23的接触点称为第六接触点，第五接触点和第六接触点沿第二方向X2对称。
并且，第五接触点设置在第五辐射段22上与第六辐射段23相对的一面的任意一个位置处，第六接触点设置在第六辐射段23上与第五辐射段22相对的一面的任意一个位置处，且第五接触点和第六接触点之间的距离在第二预设范围内，从而确保了天线单元的性能。
其中，本申请对第二预设范围的具体大小不做限定，只需第五接触点与第六接触点之间的距离能够保证天线单元的性能良好即可。
下面，结合图16a和图16b，对第四馈源F4分别与第五辐射段22和第六辐射段23连接的具体实现方式进行示意。
在图15a所示第二环形枝节20的基础上，如图16a所示，第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23之间的距离相同且为距离aa，该距离aa在第二预设范围内，因此，第四馈源F4可以设置第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23之间的任意一个位置处。为了便于说明，图16a中，第四馈源F4分别以设置在实线对应的位置处和设置在虚线对应的位置处为例进行示意。
在图15b所示第二环形枝节20的基础上，如图16b所示，第五辐射段22与第六辐射段23之间的最小距离为距离aa1，最大距离为距离aa2，且第二预设范围设置为小于等于距离aa3，且距离aa3小于距离aa2且大于距离aa1。因此，第四馈源F4可以设置在大于等于距离aa1且小于等于距离aa3所对应的任意一个位置处。为了便于说明，图16b中第四馈源F4以设置在距离aa1对应的位置处和设置在距离aa3对应的位置处为例进行示意。
另外，第四馈源F4与第五接触点，和/或，第四馈源F4与第六接触点之间也可以设置有第四匹配组件，以便调节天线单元的频段，以使第四馈源F4可以得到更好的方向图和交叉极化性能，从而改善天线单元的性能。其中，本申请对第四匹配组件的具体实现形式不做限定。例如，第四匹配组件可以为电容、电感、电容和电感、电容和开关、电感和开关或者电容、电感和开关等。其中，本申请对电容的容值和数量、电感的感值和数量、开关的类型和数量或者电容、电感和开关中任意两种的连接关系均不做限定。
在上述实施例的基础上，天线单元还可以包括：第二不导电支撑件24、第三导电件25和第四导电件26。其中，第三导电件25和第四导电件26通过第二不导电支撑件24悬浮设置，且第三导电件25和第四导电件26沿第二方向X2对称设置，第三导电件25的长 度为1/2波长，第四导电件26的长度为1/2波长，该波长为天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。
本申请中，第三导电件25和第四导电件26的材质为导电材质，可以采用贴片或者蚀刻等方式通过第二不导电支撑件24悬浮设置，从而导电的第三导电件25和第四导电件26可以展宽天线单元的带宽，改善天线单元的性能。通常，第三导电件25和第四导电件26的宽度越宽，天线单元的性能越好。
其中，第三导电件25或者第四导电件26可以包括多种形状。其中，第三导电件25或者第四导电件26的形状可参见实施例一中第一导电件或者第二导电件的形状的描述内容，此处也不做赘述。例如，第三导电件25或者第四导电件26的形状可以参见实施例一中图8a-图8c所示的块状(patch)或者图9a-图9c所示的闭合环状。本申请对第三导电件25或者第四导电件26的具体形状不做限定，只需满足第三导电件25和第四导电件26沿第二方向X2对称设置即可。
并且，本申请对第三导电件25和第四导电件26的宽度、数量和位置等参数也不做限定。下面，在图16a所示天线单元的基础上，结合图17a-图17f，对第三导电件25和第四导电件26的位置进行举例说明。为了便于说明，图17a-图17c中，第三导电件25和第四导电件26以矩形截面形状为例进行示意，图17d-图17f中，第三导电件25和第四导电件26以矩形闭合环为例进行示意。
可选地，第三导电件25和第四导电件26可以设置在第四辐射段21的外部。例如，第三导电件25和第四导电件26可以沿第二方向X2上下对称设置在第四辐射段21的外部，如图17a和图17b所示，图17a中第三导电件25和第四导电件26的放置方向与第二方向X2垂直，图17b中第一导电件和第二导电件的放置方向与第二方向X2不垂直。又如，第三导电件25和第四导电件26也可以沿第二方向X2左右对称设置在第四辐射段21的外部，如图17c所示。
可选地，第三导电件25和第四导电件26可以设置在第四辐射段21的内部。例如，第三导电件25和第四导电件26可以沿第二方向X2上下对称设置在第四辐射段21的内部，如图17d和图17e所示，图17d中第三导电件25和第四导电件26的放置方向与第二方向X2垂直，图17e中第三导电件25和第四导电件26的放置方向与第二方向X2不垂直。又如，第三导电件25和第四导电件26也可以沿第二方向X2左右对称设置在第四辐射段21的内部，如图17f所示。
需要说明的是，第三导电件25和第四导电件26的位置不限于上述的实现方式。
另外，第二不导电支撑件24的材质为不导电的材质。其中，本申请对第二不导电支撑件24的数量、材质和位置等参数均不做限定。可选地，第二不导电支撑件24可以为玻璃电池盖，也可以为塑料电池盖，也可以为防爆膜，本申请对此不做限定。
在一个具体的实施例中，基于图16a所示的天线单元，结合图18a-图18i，对本申请的天线单元的结构、性能和电流分布进行详细说明。
图18a示出了图16a所示天线单元的拓扑示意图。如图18a所示，天线单元可以包括：第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)、馈电枝节27(EF)、第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4，第三馈源F3通过第四接触点E耦合馈入，第四馈源F4通过第五接触点B和第六接触点C这两点馈入。点A和点D为接地点，同时用于第四馈源F4的微带线的地。第三馈源F3的 第三匹配组件为串连接入的0.6pF电容，第四馈源F4的第四匹配组件为串连接入的1.5nH电感。第三馈源F3激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号，电磁波吸收率(specific absorption rate，SAR)值不高于0.75。第四馈源F4激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的D模端口的信号，SAR值最高4.23，且第二个谐振SAR较低为1.2。
综上，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线1，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的D模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线2，从而，天线单元能够形成两个天线。
其中，表1示出了天线1的SAR仿真值，其中背面姿态(backside)指定的是SAR探头位于电子设备的背面且距离天线5mm区域的姿态。表2示出了天线2的SAR仿真值。且不同的频率，天线1和天线2的ECC不同，具体可参见表3。且天线1和天线2的隔离度大于19.5dB，ECC小于0.007。且第三馈源F3可覆盖N77+N79频段，带内效率-3dB。第四馈源F4可覆盖N77频段，带内效率-5dB。
表1 天线1的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000001
表2 天线2的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000002
表3 天线1和天线2的ECC
频率 3.3 3.6 4.2
ECC 0.002 0.0001 0.007
图18b示出了图18a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形 示意图。图18b中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为S参数中的输入反射系数S11、反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21和输出反射系数S22，单位为dB。如图18b所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的输入反射系数S11，曲线1中谐振点(对应的第一馈源的D模端口的信号)，曲线2代表第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4的反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的输出反射系数S22。
图18c示出了图18a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。图18c中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为系统效率，单位为dB。如图18c所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的系统效率，曲线2代表第三馈源F3的辐射效率，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的系统效率，曲线4代表第四馈源F4的辐射效率。
下面，基于上述描述，结合图18d-图18i，对天线单元的电路方向分布进行举例说明。
图18d示出了在第三馈源F3激励起1.4GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之一倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图18e示出了在第三馈源F3激励起3GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图18f示出了在第三馈源F3激励起3.6GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图18g示出了在第三馈源F3激励起4GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模以及馈电枝节27EF的四分之一倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
图18h示出了在第四馈源F4激励起3.2GHz第二环形枝节20的一倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图18i示出了在第四馈源F4激励起4.2GHz第二环形枝节20的两倍频模(且串联接入1.5nH电感的第四匹配组件，其中辐射段AB和辐射段CD起并联电感作用)的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
在另一个具体的实施例中，基于图16a所示的天线单元，结合图19a-图19j，对本申请的天线单元的结构、性能和电流分布进行详细说明。其中，与上一个实施例不同的是第三馈源F3接入的第三匹配组件和第四馈源F4接入的第四匹配组件不同。
图19a示出了图16a所示天线单元的拓扑示意图。如图19a所示，天线单元包括：第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)、馈电枝节27(EF)、第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4，第三馈源F3通过第四接触点E耦合馈入，第四馈源F4通过第五接触点B和第六接触点C这两点馈入。点A和点D为接地点，同时用于第四馈源F4的微带线的地。第三馈源F3的第三匹配组件为串连接入的1pF电容，第四馈源F4的第四匹配组件为串连接入的0.3pF电容和4nH电感。第三馈源F3激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号。第四馈源F4激励的是第二环形天线ABGHIJKLCD的D模端口的信号。第三馈源F3可覆盖WIFI2.4G+N77+N79+WIFI5G频段，WIFI2.4G带内效率-3.2dB，N77带内效率-5.7dB，N79带内-4.2dB，WIFI5G带内效率-3.4dB。第四馈源F4可覆盖WIFI2.4G+WIFI5G频段，WIFI2.4G带内效率-3.2dB,WIFI5G带内效率-3.7dB。两天线在WIFI2.4GHz的方向性最大3.7dBi。
综上，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线1，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的D模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线2，从而，天线单元能够形成两个天线。其中，表4示出了天线1的SAR仿真值，表5示出了天线2的SAR仿真值。且不同的频率，天线1和天线2的ECC不同，具体可参见表6。且天线1和天线2的隔离度大于12.1dB，ECC小于0.04。其中，Wifi2.4G的C模端口的信号的SAR 值0.6，D模端口的信号的SAR值2.86.WIFI5G的C模端口的信号SAR值1.7，D模端口的信号的SAR值0.5。N77N79的C模端口的信号的SAR值0.7。
表4 天线1的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000003
表5 天线2的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000004
表6 天线1和天线2的ECC
频率 2.4 3.6 4.7 5.5
ECC 0.0007 0.004 0.04 0.007
图19b示出了图19a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图。图19b中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为S参数中的输入反射系数S11、反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21和输出反射系数S22，单位为dB。如图19b所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的输入反射系数S11，曲线2代表第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4的反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的输出反射系数S22。
图19c示出了图19a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。图19c中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为系统效率，单位为dB。如图19c所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的系统效率，曲线2代表第三馈源F3的辐射效率，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的系统效率，曲线4代表第四馈源F4的辐射效率。
下面，基于上述描述，结合图19d-图19j，对天线单元的电路方向分布进行举例说明。
图19d示出了在第三馈源F3激励起2.4GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图19e示出了在第三馈源F3激励起3.6GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模(其中辐射段AB和辐射段CD起并联电感作用)的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图19f示出了在第三馈源F3激励起4.7GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之五倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图19g示出了在第三馈源F3激励起5.8GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
图19h示出了在第四馈源F4激励起2.4GHz第二环形枝节20的一倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图19i示出了在第四馈源F4激励起4GHz第二环形枝节20的两倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图19j示出了在第四馈源F4激励起5.6GHz第 二环形枝节20的三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
在另一个具体的实施例中，基于图17a所示的天线单元，结合图20a-图20i，对本申请的天线单元的结构、性能和电流分布进行详细说明。其中，与第一个具体实施例不同的是添加了第二不导电支撑件24、第三导电件25MN和第四导电件26OP。
图20a示出了图17a所示天线单元的拓扑示意图。如图20a所示，天线单元包括：第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)、馈电枝节27(EF)、第三馈源F3、第四馈源F4、第二不导电支撑件24(图20a中未进行示意)、第三导电件25MN和第四导电件26OP。第三馈源F3通过第四接触点E耦合馈入，第四馈源F4通过第五接触点B和第六接触点C这两点馈入。点A和点D为接地点，同时用于第四馈源F4的微带线的地。第三导电件25(MN)和第四导电件26(OP)用于展宽天线单元的带宽。第三馈源F3的第三匹配组件为串连接入的0.6pF电容，第四馈源F4的第四匹配组件为串连接入的1.5nH电感。第三馈源F3激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号。第四馈源F4激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的D模端口的信号。
综上，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的C模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线1，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD)的D模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线2，从而，天线单元能够形成两个天线。其中，表7示出了天线1、第三导电件25(MN)和第四导电件26(OP)的SAR仿真值，表8示出了天线2、第三导电件25MN和第四导电件26OP的SAR仿真值。且不同的频率，天线1和天线2的ECC不同，具体可参见表9。且天线1和天线2的隔离度大于12dB，ECC小于0.09。借助于第三导电件25(MN)和第四导电件26(OP)，第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4均可覆盖N77+N79频段。第三馈源F3带内效率-3dB，第四馈源F4带内效率-4dB。且通过第三导电件25MN和第四导电件26OP使得天线2的SAR值最高为1.89，天线1的SAR值最高为1.18。
表7 天线1、第三导电件25(MN)和第四导电件26(OP)的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000005
表8 天线2、第三导电件25(MN)和第四导电件26(OP)的SAR仿真值
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021082974-appb-000007
表9 天线1和天线2的ECC
频率 3.3 3.6 4.2 5
ECC 0.005 0.004 0.01 0.09
图20b示出了图20a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图。图20b中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为S参数中的输入反射系数S11、反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21和输出反射系数S22，单位为dB。如图20b所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的输入反射系数S11，曲线2代表第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4的反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的输出反射系数S22。
图20c示出了图20a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。图20c中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为系统效率，单位为dB。如图20c所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的系统效率，曲线2代表第三馈源F3的辐射效率，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的系统效率，曲线4代表第四馈源F4的辐射效率。
下面，基于上述描述，结合图20d-图20i，对天线单元的电路方向分布进行举例说明。
图20d示出了在第三馈源F3激励起3GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图20e示出了在第三馈源F3激励起3.7GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图20f示出了在第三馈源F3激励起4.5GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之五倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图20g示出了在第三馈源F3激励起2.9GHz第二环形枝节20的二分之三倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
图20h示出了在第四馈源F4激励起4GHz第二环形枝节20的一倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。图20i示出了在第四馈源F4激励起2.5GHz第二环形枝节20的两倍频模的情况下，天线单元的电流分布图。
在另一个具体的实施例中，基于图16b所示的天线单元，结合图21a-图21c，对本申请的天线单元的结构、性能和电流分布进行详细说明。其中，与第一个具体实施例不同的是天线单元的具体实现形式不同。
图21a示出了图16b所示天线单元的拓扑示意图。如图21a所示，天线单元包括：第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR)、馈电枝节27(EF)、第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4。第三馈源F3通过第四接触点E耦合馈入，第四馈源F4通过第五接触点O和第六接触点P这两点馈入。点M、点N、点Q和点R为接地点。第三馈源F3的第三匹配组件为串连接入的0.7pF电容，第四馈源F4的第四匹配组件为串连接入的0.3pF电容。第三馈源 F3激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR)的C模端口的信号。第四馈源F4激励的是第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR)的D模端口的信号。
综上，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR)的C模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线1，第二环形天线(ABGHIJKLCD+MNO+PQR)的D模端口的信号使得天线单元形成天线2，从而，天线单元能够形成两个天线。其中，不同的频率，天线1和天线2的ECC不同，具体可参见表10。且天线1和天线2的隔离度大于24.5dB，ECC小于0.0077。第三馈源F3可覆盖N77+N79频段，带内效率-3dB，第四馈源F4可覆盖N77频段，带内效率-3.5dB。
表10 天线1和天线2的ECC
频率 4.4 4.7 5
ECC 0.0002 0.0035 0.0077
图21b示出了图21a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4在不同工作频段上的S参数的波形示意图。图21b中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为S参数中的输入反射系数S11、反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21和输出反射系数S22，单位为dB。如图21b所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的输入反射系数S11，曲线2代表第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4的反向传输系数S12/正向传输系数S21，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的输出反射系数S22。
图21c示出了图21a中第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4各自的系统效率和辐射效率的波形示意图。图21c中，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标为系统效率，单位为dB。如图21c所示，曲线1代表第三馈源F3的系统效率，曲线2代表第三馈源F3的辐射效率，曲线3代表第四馈源F4的系统效率，曲线4代表第四馈源F4的辐射效率。
综上，从上述四个实施例可以看出，本申请的天线单元基于同一个第二环形枝节20，在第三馈源F3和第四馈源F4的激励下，能够实现两个具有隔离度高且包络相关系数ECC低的天线。
实施例二中，天线单元基于同一环形天线(即第二环形枝节与馈电枝节)的对称布局，通过两个馈源分别激励起该环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离，也使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同辐射方向上相互互补，从而实现了两个具有高隔离度且低ECC的天线，不仅能够确保了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，还可能够使得电子设备在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提升了天线空间的利用率。
示例性的，本申请还提供一种电子设备。本申请的电子设备可以包括：印刷电路板和至少一个天线单元。其中，该电子设备包括但不限于手机、耳机、平板电脑、手提式电脑、可穿戴式设备或者数据卡等设备。
本申请中，任意一个天线单元与印刷电路板共地。其中，天线单元可以采用上述图1-图21c任一实施例中的具体实现方式。例如，该电子设备可以包括基于实施例一的描述内容所实现的天线单元，也可以包括基于实施例二的描述内容所实现的天线单元，也可以包括基于实施例一的描述内容所实现的天线单元以及基于实施例二的描述内容所实现的天线单元，本申请对此不做限定。且任意一个天线单元可以设置在该电子设备的边框，也可 以设置在印刷电路板上，也可以通过支架进行设置，本申请对此不做限定。
本申请的电子设备包含有至少一个天线单元，通过两个馈源分别激励起任意一个天线单元中的同一环形天线的C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号，且基于该天线单元的电对称设置，使得C模端口的信号在D模端口处自我抵消，使得D模端口的信号在C模端口处自我抵消，实现了两个端口间的信号隔离，还使得C模端口的信号和D模端口的信号在不同的辐射方向上能够相互互补，从而基于同一环形天线实现两个具有隔离度高且包络相关系数ECC低的天线，不仅确保了良好的天线性能，使得电子设备在有限的空间内能够充分利用天线单元实现各种场景，如应用在分集天线或者多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-out-put，MIMO)天线等多天线场景、方向图合成场景以及如横竖切换等方向图切换场景等中，还使得电子设备能够在有限空间内包含更多数量的天线，提升了天线空间的利用率。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种天线单元，其特征在于，包括：第一环形枝节、第一馈源和第二馈源；
    所述第一环形枝节包括：第一辐射段、第二辐射段和第三辐射段；
    所述第一辐射段呈环形，且所述第一辐射段不闭合，所述第一辐射段的一端与所述第二辐射段连接，所述第一辐射段的另一端与所述第三辐射段连接；
    所述第二辐射段与所述第三辐射段沿第一方向对称设置，所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段之间具有开口，且所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段均接地；
    所述第一馈源沿所述第一方向与所述第一辐射段对称连接；
    第二接触点与第三接触点沿所述第一方向对称，且所述第二接触点与所述第三接触点之间的距离在第一预设范围内，所述第二接触点为所述第二馈源与所述第二辐射段的接触点，所述第三接触点为所述第二馈源与所述第三辐射段的接触点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于，
    所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段沿所述第一方向设置在所述第一辐射段的内部；或者，
    所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段沿所述第一方向设置在所述第一辐射段的外部；或者，
    所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段沿所述第一方向从所述第一辐射段的内部延伸至所述第一辐射段的外部设置；或者，
    所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段沿所述第一方向的相反方向从所述第一辐射段的内部延伸至所述第一辐射段的外部设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第二辐射段与电子设备的N个第一接地点连接，所述第三辐射段与所述电子设备的N个第二接地点连接，N为正整数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线单元，其特征在于，在所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段设置在支架上的情况下，所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点设置在所述支架上或者所述电子设备的印刷电路板上。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第二辐射段和所述第三辐射段与电子设备的接地区域均连接，所述接地区域沿所述第一方向对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈源与所述第一辐射段之间具有一个第一接触点，所述第一接触点为所述第一辐射段的对称点且位于所述第一辐射段上。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈源与所述第一辐射段之间有偶数P个第一接触点，所述偶数P个第一接触点沿所述第一方向对称设置，且所述偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段中所述第一辐射段的对称点所在的辐射段上。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈源与所述第一辐射段之间有奇数Q个第一接触点，且奇数Q大于或等于3，所述奇数Q个第一接触点包括：一个第一接触点和偶数P个第一接触点，所述一个第一接触点为所述第一辐射段的对称点且位于所述第一辐射段上，所述偶数P个第一接触点沿所述第一方 向对称设置，且所述偶数P个第一接触点位于第一辐射段中所述第一辐射段的对称点所在的辐射段上。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一馈源与所述第一接触点之间设置有第一匹配组件。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第二馈源与所述第二接触点之间设置有第二匹配组件，和/或，所述第二馈源与所述第三接触点之间设置有第二匹配组件。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元还包括：第一不导电支撑件、第一导电件和第二导电件；
    所述第一导电件和所述第二导电件通过所述第一不导电支撑件悬浮设置，且所述第一导电件和所述第二导电件沿所述第一方向对称设置，所述第一导电件的长度为1/2波长，所述第二导电件的长度为1/2波长，所述波长为所述天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一导电件和所述第二导电件设置在所述第一辐射段的外部或内部。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一不导电支撑件包括电子设备中的玻璃电池盖、塑料电池盖或者防爆膜中的至少一个。
  14. 一种天线单元，其特征在于，包括：第二环形枝节、馈电枝节、第三馈源和第四馈源；
    所述第二环形枝节包括：第四辐射段、第五辐射段和第六辐射段；
    所述第四辐射段呈环形，且所述第四辐射段不闭合，所述第四辐射段的一端与所述第五辐射段连接，所述第四辐射段的另一端与所述第六辐射段连接；
    所述第五辐射段与所述第六辐射段沿第二方向对称设置，所述第五辐射段与所述第六辐射段之间具有开口，且所述第五辐射段与所述第六辐射段均接地；
    所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向对称设置，且所述馈电枝节正对所述第五辐射段的面积与所述馈电枝节正对所述第六辐射段的面积相等；
    所述第三馈源沿所述第二方向与所述馈电枝节对称连接；
    第五接触点与第六接触点沿所述第二方向对称，且所述第五接触点与所述第六接触点之间的距离在第二预设范围内，所述第五接触点为所述第四馈源与所述第五辐射段的接触点，所述第六接触点为所述第四馈源与所述第六辐射段的接触点。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的天线单元，其特征在于，
    所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段沿所述第二方向设置在所述第四辐射段的内部；或者，
    所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段沿所述第二方向设置在所述第四辐射段的外部；或者，
    所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段沿所述第二方向从所述第四辐射段的内部延伸至所述第四辐射段的外部设置；或者，
    所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段沿所述第二方向的相反方向从所述第四辐射段的内部延伸至所述第四辐射段的外部设置。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第五辐射段与电子设备的M个第三接地点连接，所述第六辐射段与所述电子设备的M个第四接地点连接，M为正整数。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线单元，其特征在于，在所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段设置在支架上的情况下，所述第三接地点和所述第四接地点设置在所述支架上或者所述电子设备的印刷电路板上。
  18. 根据权利要求14或15所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第五辐射段和所述第六辐射段与电子设备的接地区域均连接，且所述接地区域沿所述第二方向对称设置。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，
    所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向设置在所述第四辐射段的内部；或者，
    所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向设置在所述第四辐射段的外部；或者，
    所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向从所述第四辐射段的内部延伸至所述第四辐射段的外部设置。
  20. 根据权利要求14-19任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，
    所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向正对所述第五辐射段的面积与所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向正对所述第六辐射段的面积相等；或者，
    所述馈电枝节沿第二方向的垂直方向正对所述第五辐射段的面积与所述馈电枝节沿所述第二方向的垂直方向正对所述第六辐射段的面积相等。
  21. 根据权利要求14-20任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第三馈源与所述馈电枝节之间具有至少一个第四接触点。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第三馈源与所述第四接触点之间设置有第三匹配组件。
  23. 根据权利要求14-22任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第四馈源与所述第五接触点之间设置有第四匹配组件，和/或，所述第四馈源与所述第六接触点之间设置有第四匹配组件。
  24. 根据权利要求14-23任一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元还包括：第二不导电支撑件、第三导电件和第四导电件；
    所述第三导电件和所述第四导电件通过所述第二不导电支撑件悬浮设置，且所述第三导电件和所述第四导电件沿所述第二方向对称设置，所述第三导电件的长度为1/2波长，所述第四导电件的长度为1/2波长，所述波长为所述天线单元的工作频段中任意一个频点对应的波长。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第三导电件和所述第四导电件设置在所述第四辐射段的外部或内部。
  26. 根据权利要求24或25所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第二不导电支撑件包括电子设备中的玻璃电池盖、塑料电池盖或者防爆膜中的至少一个。
  27. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：印刷电路板和至少一个如权利要求1-13任一项所述天线单元，和/或，印刷电路板和至少一个如权利要求14-26任一项所述天线单元。
PCT/CN2021/082974 2020-04-22 2021-03-25 天线单元和电子设备 Ceased WO2021213125A1 (zh)

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