WO2021215330A1 - 電子源及びその製造方法、並びにエミッター及びこれを備える装置 - Google Patents
電子源及びその製造方法、並びにエミッター及びこれを備える装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021215330A1 WO2021215330A1 PCT/JP2021/015465 JP2021015465W WO2021215330A1 WO 2021215330 A1 WO2021215330 A1 WO 2021215330A1 JP 2021015465 W JP2021015465 W JP 2021015465W WO 2021215330 A1 WO2021215330 A1 WO 2021215330A1
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- members
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- columnar portion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
- H01J1/148—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material with compounds having metallic conductive properties, e.g. lanthanum boride, as an emissive material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/15—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
- H01J1/16—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current characterised by the shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/063—Geometrical arrangement of electrodes for beam-forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
- H01J2201/19—Thermionic cathodes
- H01J2201/196—Emission assisted by other physical processes, e.g. field- or photo emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06308—Thermionic sources
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an electron source and a method for manufacturing the same, and an emitter and an apparatus including the same.
- Emitters equipped with an electron source are used in, for example, electron microscopes and semiconductor inspection devices.
- the emitter disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a first member having electron radiation characteristics and a second member covering the first member, and has a predetermined size between the first member and the second member. Groove is provided.
- the electron gun disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes an electron gun cathode and a holder for holding the electron gun cathode, and the electron gun cathode has a quadrangular flat surface at its tip, and the tip portion is exposed from the holder. It is prominent (see FIG. 6 of Patent Document 2).
- the electron source is extremely fine.
- Paragraph [0055] of Patent Document 2 describes that the size of the electron gun cathode is 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m. Skilled technology is required to manufacture an electron source (electron gun) composed of such fine parts.
- the present disclosure provides a method for producing an electron source, which is useful for efficiently producing a fine electron source.
- the present disclosure also provides an electron source capable of sufficiently suppressing an electron emitting member from falling out of a member holding the electron source, and an emitter including the electron source. Further, the present disclosure provides an apparatus including the above emitter.
- the method for manufacturing an electron source includes (A) a step of preparing a plurality of first members each having a columnar portion made of a first material having electron emission characteristics, and (B) a first.
- the columnar portions of the plurality of first members each have a substantially quadrangular cross-sectional shape
- the holes of the plurality of second members each have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape (C).
- a set of the first member and the second member satisfying the following conditions is selected from the plurality of first members and the plurality of second members, and in the step (D), the holes of the second member are By pushing in the columnar portion, a part of the side surface of the columnar portion comes into contact with the inner surface of the hole of the second member, and the columnar portion is fixed to the second member.
- L 1 indicates the length of the longer diagonal of the two diagonals of the substantially quadrangle
- R 1 indicates the diameter of the hole.
- the first member and the second member having the same size are selected from the plurality of members, and the step (D) is carried out using these members.
- a part of the side surface of the columnar portion is in contact with the inner surface of the hole of the second member, and the columnar portion can be fixed to the second member. Therefore, in manufacturing the electron source, the loss of the member can be sufficiently reduced. That is, it is possible to sufficiently reduce manufacturing defects caused by the size of the columnar portion and the hole not matching.
- Such problems include, for example, that the columnar portion of the first member does not enter the hole of the second member, and that the columnar portion does not come into contact with the inner surface of the hole and therefore falls off from the hole.
- the cross-sectional shape of the columnar portion of the first member is not limited to a substantially quadrangle, and may be a substantially triangular shape.
- a set of the first member and the second member satisfying the following conditions may be selected from the plurality of first members and the plurality of second members.
- the electron source according to one aspect of the present disclosure is arranged so as to surround a columnar portion composed of a first material having electron emission characteristics and a columnar portion, and has a second work function larger than that of the first material. It is provided with a tubular portion made of a material, the tubular portion extending from one end face toward the other end face, and a hole having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape is formed, and the columnar portion is formed of a columnar portion. It has a substantially triangular or substantially quadrangular cross-sectional shape, and is fixed to the tubular portion in a state of being in contact with the inner surface of the hole.
- the electron source it is possible to sufficiently prevent a member (columnar portion) that emits electrons from falling out of a member (cylindrical portion) that holds the member (cylindrical portion).
- a flat surface is formed by the electron emission surface of the columnar portion and the end surface of the tubular portion. By forming such a flat surface, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the emission of electrons to the side.
- the emitter according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above electron source.
- the apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above emitter.
- Devices including an emitter include, for example, an electron microscope, a semiconductor manufacturing device, and an inspection device.
- a method for producing an electron source useful for efficiently producing a fine electron source is provided. Further, according to the present disclosure, there is provided an electron source capable of sufficiently suppressing an electron emitting member from falling out of a member holding the electron source, and an emitter including the electron source. Further, according to the present disclosure, an apparatus including the above emitter is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of an electron source according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the tip of the electron source shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first member having a columnar portion
- FIG. 3B is a plan view showing a tip portion of the first member shown in FIG. 3A.
- 3 (c) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a second member in which a hole is formed.
- 4 (a) to 4 (c) are cross-sectional views schematically showing a process of manufacturing the electron source shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the size relationship between the columnar portion (cross-sectional shape: substantially square) of the first member and the holes of the second member.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the emitter according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the size relationship between the columnar portion (cross-sectional shape: substantially triangular shape) of the first member and the holes of the second member.
- 8 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another embodiment of the electron source according to the present disclosure, and FIG. 8 (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG. 8 (a).
- FIG. 8 (c) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line cc of FIG. 8 (a).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an electron source according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of the tip of the electron source 10 shown in FIG.
- the electron source 10 includes a columnar portion 1 and an electron emission limiting member 2 arranged so as to surround the columnar portion 1.
- the columnar portion 1 is composed of a first material (electron emitting material) having electron emitting characteristics.
- the end surface 1a of the columnar portion 1 is an electron emitting surface, and its normal is the electron emitting direction.
- the electron emission limiting member 2 is composed of a second material (electron emission limiting material) having a work function larger than that of the first material.
- the electron emission limiting member 2 has a tubular portion 2a in which the hole 3 is formed and a base end portion 2b in which the hole 3 is not formed.
- the base end portion 2b forms the bottom 3a of the hole 3.
- the hole 3 extends from the end face 2c of the electron emission limiting member 2 in the direction of the other end face 2d.
- the opening area of the hole 3 is constant from the end face 2c to the end face 2d.
- the columnar portion 1 has a cross-sectional shape that is not similar to the cross-sectional shape of the hole 3 of the electron emission limiting member 2, and is fixed to the electron emission limiting member 2 in a state of being in contact with the inner surface of the hole 3.
- the shape of the columnar portion 1 in the cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the columnar portion 1, is substantially square, and the shape of the hole 3 is substantially circular.
- the present embodiment assumes a case where the strength of the columnar portion 1 is higher than the strength of the cylindrical portion 2a, and a part of the side surface of the columnar portion 1 is fixed in a state of being bitten into the tubular portion 2a. ..
- the electron source 10 it is possible to sufficiently prevent the columnar portion 1 from falling out of the electron emission limiting member 2.
- the strength of the columnar portion 1 is lower than the strength of the tubular portion 2a, the corner portion of the first member 11 is scraped and rounded, and the corner portion abuts on the inner surface of the hole 13 to form the columnar portion 1. It is fixed to the electron emission limiting member 2.
- a flat surface is formed by the end surface 1a (electron emission surface) of the columnar portion 1 and the end surface 2c of the electron emission limiting member 2. Further, the entire side surface of the columnar portion 1 is covered with the tubular portion 2a. As described above, since the columnar portion 1 does not protrude from the cylindrical portion 2a, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the emission of unnecessary electrons, that is, the emission of electrons to the side. For example, in order to obtain electrons with a larger current, the tip of the electron source 10 is heated to a high temperature of about 1550 ° C. and a high electric field of several kV is applied to the electron source 10.
- the columnar portion 1 may protrude from the cylindrical portion 2a, and the end face 1a may be recessed with respect to the end face 2c.
- This step may be less than 1.5 ⁇ m or less than 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the effect of suppressing the occurrence of a phenomenon called minute discharge is also achieved. That is, in thermionic emission, electrons are emitted by heating the electron source to a high temperature. When the electron emitting material evaporates accordingly, it adheres to the surrounding electrode parts and becomes fibrous crystals called whiskers. Accumulation of electric charge in this whisker causes a minute discharge. The minute discharge destabilizes the electron beam and causes a decrease in device performance.
- the sublimated electron emitting material is trapped in the tubular portion 2a, the amount of adhesion to the peripheral electrode parts can be reduced, and minute discharge can be made less likely to occur. ..
- the tubular portion 2a does not have a cut in a part in the circumferential direction, but covers the entire side surface of the columnar portion 1. Since the tubular portion 2a has no cut, the emission of electrons to the side can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the columnar portion 1 is composed of an electron emitting material (first material).
- the electron emitting material is a material that emits electrons by heating.
- the electron emission limiting material has a work function smaller than that of the electron emission limiting material and has a higher strength than the electron emission limiting material.
- Examples of electron emitting materials are rare earth borides such as lanthanum boride (LaB 6 ) and cerium boride (CeB 6 ); refractory metals such as tungsten, tantalum and hafnium and their oxides, carbides and nitrides; iridium cerium. Precious metal-rare earth alloys such as.
- the work functions of these materials are as follows.
- the electron emission material constituting the columnar portion 1 is preferably a rare earth boride.
- the columnar portion 1 is made of a rare earth boride, it is preferable that the columnar portion 1 is a single crystal processed so that the ⁇ 100> orientation, which has a low work function and easily emits electrons, coincides with the electron emission direction.
- the columnar portion 1 can be formed into a desired shape by electric discharge machining or the like.
- the side surface of the columnar portion 1 is preferably the crystal plane of the (100) plane because the evaporation rate is considered to be slow.
- the shape of the columnar portion 1 is a square columnar shape (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the length of the columnar portion 1 is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mm, and even more preferably about 0.3 mm. When the length is 0.1 mm or more, the handling tends to be good, and when the length is 1 mm or less, cracks and the like are less likely to occur.
- the cross-sectional shape of the columnar portion 1 is substantially square.
- the length of the side thereof is preferably 20 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m, and further preferably about 100 ⁇ m.
- the electron emission limiting member 2 is made of an electron emission limiting material.
- the electron emission limiting material has a higher work function than the electron emission limiting material.
- Work difference function W 1 of the work function W 2 and the columnar section 1 of the electron-emitting limiting member 2 is preferably not less than 0.5 eV, more preferably at least 1.0eV Yes, more preferably 1.6 eV or more.
- the electron emission limiting material preferably contains a refractory metal or a carbide thereof, and at least one of metal tantalum, metallic titanium, metallic zirconium, metallic tungsten, metallic molybdenum, metallic renium, tantalum carbide, titanium carbide and zirconium carbide. It is preferable to include it. Further, the electron emission limiting material may contain at least one or more of boron carbide and graphite (carbon material). Further, the electron emission limiting material may contain at least one or more of niobium, hafnium, and vanadium. As the electron emission limiting material, glassy carbon (for example, glassy carbon (trade name, manufactured by Reiho Seisakusho Co., Ltd.)) may be used. The work functions of these materials are as follows. -Metallic rhenium: 4.9 eV -Boron carbide: 5.2 eV -Graphite: 5.0 eV
- the strength of the electron emission limiting material is lower than the strength of the electron emission limiting material as described above.
- the strength of both materials can be evaluated, for example, by Vickers hardness.
- the material constituting the electron emission limiting member 2 preferably has a Vickers hardness of about 100 HV to 1900 HV.
- glassy carbon Vickers hardness: about 230 HV
- the tip portion 2e (a part of the tubular portion 2a) of the electron emission limiting member 2 is processed into a tapered shape, and the remaining portion (the remaining portion of the tubular portion 2a and the base end portion 2b) is processed into a square columnar shape. There is. By processing the tip portion 2e of the electron emission limiting member 2 into a tapered shape, it is possible to easily concentrate the electric field and improve the electron emission efficiency.
- a support member (not shown) may be provided around the electron emission limiting member 2.
- the electron emission limiting material and the electron emission limiting material may be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of the work function and strength of both, and may be used in combination.
- electron emitting materials include lanthanum boride (LaB 6 ), cerium boride (CeB 6 ), hafnium carbide and iridium cerium.
- electron emission limiting materials include metallic rhenium, boron carbide and graphite (including glassy carbon).
- Some of the materials that can be used as the electron emission limiting material can also be used as the electron emission limiting material.
- a material having a work function of about 3.2 to 4.5 eV can be used as both an electron emitting material and an electron emitting limiting material. Examples of such a material include metallic tungsten (work function: 4.5 eV), metallic tantalum (work function: 3.2 eV), and hafnium carbide (work function: 3.3 eV).
- the electron source 10 is manufactured through the following steps.
- B A step of preparing a plurality of second members 12 each having a work function larger than that of the first member 11 and having holes 13 extending from one end face 12a in the direction of the other end face 12b. ..
- C A step of selecting one first member 11 from a plurality of first members 11 and selecting one second member 12 from a plurality of second members 12.
- D A step of pushing the selected first member 11 into the hole 13 of the selected second member 12.
- a set of the first member 11 and the second member 12 satisfying the following conditions is selected from the plurality of first members 11 and the plurality of second members 12.
- step (D) by pushing the selected first member 11 into the hole 13 of the selected second member 12, a part of the side surface of the first member 11 becomes the inner surface of the hole 13 of the second member 12.
- the first member 11 is fixed to the second member 12 in a state of contact. ⁇ Conditions> L 1 / R 1 > 1 ... (1)
- the strength of the first member 11 is higher than the strength of the second member 12, a part of the side surface of the first member 11 is formed by pushing the first member 11 into the hole 13 of the second member 12.
- the first member 11 is fixed to the second member 12 in a state where the inner surface is scraped and bites into the second member 12 (see FIG. 5).
- the strength of the first member 11 is lower than the strength of the second member 12, the corner portion of the first member 11 is scraped by pushing the first member 11 into the hole 13 of the second member 12. It is rounded, and the corner portion abuts on the inner surface of the hole 13 to fix the first member 11 to the second member 12.
- the strength of the first member 11 and the second member 12 can be evaluated by, for example, the Vickers strength.
- the first member 11 shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) is made of an electron emitting material.
- the first member 11 can be obtained from a block of electron emitting material by electric discharge machining or the like.
- the first member 11 is a portion that becomes a columnar portion 1 of the electron source 10.
- the second member 12 shown in FIG. 3C is made of an electron emission limiting material.
- the second member 12 can be obtained from a block of electron emission limiting material by electric discharge machining or the like.
- the hole 13 of the second member 12 is a portion that becomes the hole 3 of the electron source 10.
- the opening area of the hole 13 is constant from the end face 12a to the end face 12b.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which the first member 11 is pushed into the hole 13 of the second member 12.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the size relationship between the first member 11 of the first member 11 and the holes 13 of the second member 12. A part of the side surface (four corners 11c) of the first member 11 bites into the second member 12.
- FIG. 4A shows a state in which the first member 11 reaches the depth of the hole 13, the first member 11 does not have to reach the depth of the hole 13.
- the first member 11 and the second member 12 having the holes 13 satisfying the following conditions are selected.
- L 1 indicates the diagonal length of the cross section (substantially square) of the first member 11, and R 1 indicates the diameter of the hole 13.
- L 1 / R 1 more preferably satisfies the inequality (1a), further preferably satisfies the inequality (1b), and particularly preferably satisfies the inequality (1c).
- the structure 15A shown in FIG. 4 (b) was obtained by cutting out the portion surrounded by the broken line square in FIG. 4 (a).
- the first member 11 projects from the end surface 12a.
- the protruding portion 11a of the first member 11 is formed by, for example, polishing paper to form an end face 1a (electron emission surface), and the outside of the second member 12 is processed into a square columnar shape.
- the quadrangular prism 15B shown in FIG. 4C is obtained.
- the electron source 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained.
- the order of processing is not limited to this. For example, from the state shown in FIG.
- the protrusion 11a is first shaved to form a flat surface, and then the broken line in FIG. 4A shows a broken line.
- the part surrounded by a square may be cut out.
- the shape of the second member 12 after processing is not limited to a square columnar shape, and for example, in a substantially cylindrical electron source, only the portion sandwiched by the heater may be processed flat (FIG. 6). reference).
- the first member 11 and the second member 12 having the same size are selected from the plurality of members, and the step (D) is carried out using these.
- the loss of these members can be sufficiently reduced. That is, it is possible to sufficiently reduce manufacturing defects caused by the sizes of the first member 11 and the hole 13 not matching. Examples of such a defect include the fact that the first member 11 does not enter the hole 13 and that the first member 11 falls off from the hole 13 because it does not come into contact with the inner surface of the hole 13.
- the end surface 1a (electron emission surface) of the columnar portion 1 and the end surface 2c of the cylindrical portion 2a are formed at the tip end portion of the electron source 10.
- a flat surface is formed by. Since the columnar portion 1 does not protrude from the tubular portion 2a, as described above, the emission of unnecessary electrons, that is, the emission of electrons to the side can be sufficiently suppressed, and the whiskers are generated. Micro discharge can also be suppressed.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an emitter.
- the emitter 20 shown in FIG. 6 includes an electron source 10, a carbon heater 16 arranged around the electron source 10, electrode pins 17a and 17b, an insulator 18, and a suppressor 19.
- the carbon heater 16 is for heating the electron source 10.
- the electrode pins 17a and 17b are for energizing the carbon heater 16.
- the suppressor 19 is for suppressing excess current.
- the electron source 10 may be heated by another means of the carbon heater 16.
- Examples of the device provided with the emitter 20 include an electron microscope, a semiconductor manufacturing device, an inspection device, and a processing device.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the columnar portion 1 having a substantially square cross-sectional shape is illustrated (see FIGS. 1 and 2), but the cross-sectional shape of the columnar portion 1 may be a substantially quadrangle other than the substantially square, for example. It may be a substantially rectangular shape, a substantially diamond shape, or a substantially parallelogram.
- L 1 / R 1 indicates the following values.
- L 1 Length of the longer diagonal of the two diagonals of the substantially quadrangle
- R 1 Diameter of the hole 13
- the first member 11 and the hole 13 (second member 12) satisfying the following conditions are selected.
- the diameter R 2 of the circumscribed circle of the substantially triangular placed the substantially triangular in a circle of the same diameter as the diameter R 1 of the larger and the hole 13 than the diameter R 1 of the hole, at least two corners the circle substantially triangular In contact with.
- the solid circle R is a circle with a diameter R 1
- the alternate long and short dash line circle RT is a circumscribed circle of a substantially triangular T.
- the electron source 10A shown in FIG. 8A has the same configuration as the electron source 10 except for the shape of the holes.
- the hole 4 in the electron source 10A is composed of a hole 4a on the end face 2c side, a hole 4b on the end face 2d side, and a tapered portion 4c (diameter-reduced portion) between them.
- the inner diameter of the hole 4b is smaller than the inner diameter of the hole 4a.
- FIG. 8 (c) if the columnar portion 1 is sufficiently fixed in a state where the inner surface of the hole 4b is scraped and bites into the electron emission limiting member 2, it is shown in FIG. 8 (c). As shown, the columnar portion 1 may not bite into the electron emission limiting member 2 in the hole 4a.
- the tapered portion 4c in which the inner diameter is continuously reduced is illustrated here as the diameter-reduced portion, the diameter-reduced portion may be one in which the inner diameter is gradually reduced.
- the hole of the second member 12 may also have a reduced diameter portion in the same manner.
- a method for producing an electron source useful for efficiently producing a fine electron source is provided. Further, according to the present disclosure, there is provided an electron source capable of sufficiently suppressing an electron emitting member from falling out of a member holding the electron source, and an emitter including the electron source. Further, according to the present disclosure, an apparatus including the above emitter is provided.
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Abstract
Description
<条件>
L1/R1>1…(1)
不等式(1)において、L1は略四角形の二本の対角線のうち長い方の対角線の長さを示し、R1は孔の直径を示す。
<条件>
略三角形の外接円の直径R2が孔の直径R1よりも大きく且つ孔の直径R1と同じ直径の円の中に略三角形を配置したとき、略三角形の少なくとも二つの角が当該円に接する。
図1は本実施形態に係る電子源を模式的に示す断面図である。図2は図1に示す電子源10の先端の構成を示す平面図である。電子源10は、柱状部1と、柱状部1を囲うように配置された電子放出制限部材2とを備える。柱状部1は、電子放出特性を有する第一材料(電子放出材料)で構成されている。柱状部1の端面1aが電子放出面であり、その法線が電子の放出方向である。他方、電子放出制限部材2は、第一材料よりも仕事関数が大きい第二材料(電子放出制限材料)で構成されている。電子放出制限部材2は、孔3が形成されている筒状部2aと、孔3が形成されていない基端部2bとを有する。基端部2bは孔3の底3aをなしている。孔3は、電子放出制限部材2の端面2cから他方の端面2dの方向に延びている。本実施形態において、孔3の開口面積は端面2cから端面2dに向けて一定である。
柱状部1は電子放出材料(第一材料)で構成されている。電子放出材料は、加熱によって電子を放出する材料である。電子放出材料は、仕事関数が電子放出制限材料よりも小さく且つ強度が電子放出制限材料よりも高い。電子放出材料の例として、ホウ化ランタン(LaB6)、ホウ化セリウム(CeB6)などの希土類ホウ化物;タングステン、タンタル、ハフニウムなどの高融点金属ならびにその酸化物、炭化物及び窒化物;イリジウムセリウムなどの貴金属-希土類系合金が挙げられる。これらの材料の仕事関数は以下のとおりである。
・ホウ化ランタン(LaB6):2.8eV
・ホウ化セリウム(CeB6):2.8eV
・炭化タンタル:3.2eV
・炭化ハフニウム:3.3eV
電子放出制限部材2は電子放出制限材料で構成されている。電子放出制限材料は、仕事関数が電子放出材料よりも大きい。電子放出制限部材2で柱状部1の側面を覆うことによって柱状部1の側面からの電子の放出が抑制される。
・金属レニウム:4.9eV
・炭化ホウ素:5.2eV
・黒鉛:5.0eV
次に、電子源10の製造方法について説明する。電子源10は以下の工程を経て製造される。
(A)柱状の第一部材11を複数準備する工程。
(B)第一部材11よりも大きい仕事関数をそれぞれ有するとともに、一方の端面12aから他方の端面12bの方向に延びている孔13がそれぞれ形成されている複数の第二部材12を準備する工程。
(C)複数の第一部材11から一つの第一部材11を選択するとともに、複数の第二部材12から一つの第二部材12を選択する工程。
(D)選択された第二部材12の孔13に対し、選択された第一部材11を押し込む工程。
上記(C)工程において、複数の第一部材11及び複数の第二部材12から、以下の条件を満たす一組の第一部材11及び第二部材12を選択する。上記(D)工程において、選択した第二部材12の孔13に対し、選択した第一部材11を押し込むことによって、第一部材11の側面の一部が第二部材12の孔13の内面に当接した状態となって第一部材11が第二部材12に対して固定される。
<条件>
L1/R1>1…(1)
第一部材11の強度が第二部材12の強度よりも高い場合、第二部材12の孔13に対して第一部材11を押し込むことによって、第一部材11の側面の一部が孔13の内面を削り且つ第二部材12に食い込んだ状態となって第一部材11が第二部材12に対して固定される(図5参照)。他方、第一部材11の強度が第二部材12の強度よりも低い場合、第二部材12の孔13に対して第一部材11を押し込むことによって、第一部材11の角部が削られて丸みを帯び、この角部が孔13の内面に当接して第一部材11が第二部材12に対して固定される。なお、第一部材11及び第二部材12の強度は、例えば、ビッカース強度で評価することができる。
<条件>
L1/R1>1…(1)
不等式(1)において、L1は第一部材11の断面(略正方形)の対角線の長さを示し、R1は孔13の直径を示す。
1<L1/R1<1.2…(1a)
1<L1/R1<1.1…(1b)
1<L1/R1<1.05…(1c)
図6はエミッターの一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図6に示すエミッター20は、電子源10と、電子源10の周囲に配置されたカーボンヒーター16と、電極ピン17a,17bと、碍子18と、サプレッサー19とを備える。カーボンヒーター16は電子源10を加熱するためのものである。電極ピン17a,17bはカーボンヒーター16に通電するためのものである。サプレッサー19は余剰電流を抑制するためのものである。なお、カーボンヒーター16の他の手段によって電子源10が加熱される構成であってもよい。
L1:略四角形の二本の対角線のうち長い方の対角線の長さ
R1:孔13の直径
<条件>
略三角形の外接円の直径R2が孔の直径R1よりも大きく且つ孔13の直径R1と同じ直径の円の中に略三角形を配置したとき、略三角形の少なくとも二つの角が当該円に接する。図7において、実線の円Rは直径R1の円であり、一点鎖線の円RTは略三角形Tの外接円である。
Claims (6)
- (A)電子放出特性を有する第一材料で構成されている柱状部をそれぞれ備える複数の第一部材を準備する工程と、
(B)前記第一材料よりも大きい仕事関数をそれぞれ有するとともに、一方の端面から他方の端面の方向に延びている孔がそれぞれ形成されている複数の第二部材を準備する工程と、
(C)複数の前記第一部材から一つの前記第一部材を選択するとともに、複数の前記第二部材から一つの前記第二部材を選択する工程と、
(D)選択された前記第二部材の前記孔に対し、選択された前記第一部材の前記柱状部を押し込む工程と、
を含み、
前記複数の第一部材の前記柱状部は略四角形の断面形状をそれぞれ有し、
前記複数の第二部材の前記孔は、略円形の断面形状をそれぞれ有し、
(C)工程において、複数の前記第一部材及び複数の前記第二部材から、以下の条件を満たす一組の第一部材及び第二部材を選択し、
(D)工程において、当該第二部材の前記孔に対して当該柱状部を押し込むことによって、当該柱状部の側面の一部が当該第二部材の前記孔の内面に当接した状態となって当該柱状部が当該第二部材に対して固定される、電子源の製造方法。
<条件>
L1/R1>1…(1)
不等式(1)において、L1は前記略四角形の二本の対角線のうち長い方の対角線の長さを示し、R1は前記孔の直径を示す。 - (A)電子放出特性を有する第一材料で構成されている柱状部をそれぞれ備える複数の第一部材を準備する工程と、
(B)前記第一材料よりも大きい仕事関数をそれぞれ有するとともに、一方の端面から他方の端面の方向に延びている孔がそれぞれ形成されている複数の第二部材を準備する工程と、
(C)複数の前記第一部材から一つの前記第一部材を選択するとともに、複数の前記第二部材から一つの前記第二部材を選択する工程と、
(D)選択された前記第二部材の前記孔に対し、選択された前記第一部材の前記柱状部を押し込む工程と、
を含み、
前記複数の第一部材の前記柱状部は略三角形の断面形状をそれぞれ有し、
前記複数の第二部材の前記孔は、略円形の断面形状をそれぞれ有し、
(C)工程において、複数の前記第一部材及び複数の前記第二部材から、以下の条件を満たす一組の第一部材及び第二部材を選択し、
(D)工程において、当該第二部材の前記孔に対して当該柱状部を押し込むことによって、当該柱状部の側面の一部が当該第二部材の前記孔の内面に当接した状態となって当該柱状部が当該第二部材に対して固定される、電子源の製造方法。
<条件>
前記略三角形の外接円の直径R2が前記孔の直径R1よりも大きく且つ前記孔の直径R1と同じ直径の円の中に前記略三角形を配置したとき、前記略三角形の少なくとも二つの角が当該円に接する。 - 電子放出特性を有する第一材料で構成されている柱状部と、
前記柱状部を囲うように配置されており、前記第一材料よりも仕事関数が大きい第二材料で構成されている筒状部と、
を備える電子源であって、
前記筒状部は、一方の端面から他方の端面の方向に延びており且つ略円形の断面形状を有する孔が形成されており、
前記柱状部は、略三角形又は略四角形の断面形状を有し、前記孔の内面に当接した状態で前記筒状部に固定されている、電子源。 - 請求項3に記載の電子源を備えるエミッター。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の電子源の製造方法により製造された電子源を備えるエミッター。
- 請求項4又は5に記載のエミッターを備える装置。
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| WO2018016286A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | デンカ株式会社 | 電子源およびその製造方法 |
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| JPS6332846A (ja) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-02-12 | Tadao Suganuma | 電子銃 |
| JP2012069364A (ja) | 2010-09-23 | 2012-04-05 | Nuflare Technology Inc | 電子銃および電子銃を用いた電子ビーム描画装置 |
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