WO2021220601A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021220601A1 WO2021220601A1 PCT/JP2021/007134 JP2021007134W WO2021220601A1 WO 2021220601 A1 WO2021220601 A1 WO 2021220601A1 JP 2021007134 W JP2021007134 W JP 2021007134W WO 2021220601 A1 WO2021220601 A1 WO 2021220601A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. Attempts have been made to improve the components of the battery in order to ensure the excellent properties of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a metal such as copper or iron is present in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that utilizes an electrochemical redox reaction, a metal dissolution / precipitation reaction occurs, and as a result, the battery voltage drops.
- the composition applied to a metal substrate proposed in Patent Document 1 includes a metal cation, a metal complexing agent, and an aqueous carrier, and the method for processing the substrate includes a step of applying the composition to the substrate and drying the composition. It includes the steps of forming a chemical coating and applying the coating on top of the chemical coating.
- Patent Document 2 is a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing an electrode body formed by winding or laminating a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate via a separator and containing a lithium compound as an electrolyte.
- An organic and / or an inorganic Cu corrosion inhibitor, or an organic and / or an inorganic Cu trapping agent is added to at least one of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- Patent Document 3 describes at least a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing at least two electrodes, a non-aqueous electrolytic solution in which a solute is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, and a non-aqueous electrochemical device including a separator interposed between the two electrodes.
- an electrolytic solution for non-aqueous electrochemical equipment which is characterized by containing 6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol and a derivative thereof.
- 6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol is a film known as organic plating, and has conventionally provided mold releasability and metal and polymer. It is used as a direct bonding and anticorrosion technology for metals.
- the complexing agent used in the field of metal surface treatment is difficult to use because it reacts with a non-aqueous electrolyte or causes a redox reaction on the electrode surface.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a non-aqueous solvent and a general formula in which at least a part of the non-aqueous solvent is dissolved:
- Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing 6-alkylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol represented by (where R is an alkyl group).
- Another aspect of the present disclosure comprises a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode via the separator, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution has a non-aqueous solvent and at least a part dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view in which a part of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is cut out.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has a general formula: a non-aqueous solvent and at least a part thereof dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- R is an alkyl group
- RS 6-alkylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol
- the present disclosure also relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode via the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may be combined with a gelling agent or a matrix material to form a non-fluid gel electrolyte or a solid electrolyte as well as a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is a concept that includes a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, a gel electrolyte, and a solid electrolyte, and is a concept that excludes an aqueous electrolyte.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS can form a film on the metal surface or form a complex with a metal ion.
- the two thiol groups (SH groups) that are directly attached to the carbon atom of the triazine ring contribute to the reaction with the metal surface or metal ions.
- the alkylthio group at the 6-position contributes to the functionalization of the coating film.
- the alkylthio group at the 6-position suppresses excessive formation of a precipitate due to aggregation of the complex when the triazinedithiol derivative RS forms a complex with a metal ion.
- the alkylthio group at the 6-position is considered to have an action of suppressing the decomposition of the triazinedithiol derivative RS in the battery.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS has high solubility in a non-aqueous solvent (particularly carbonic acid esters) used in a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, and is non-aqueous. Excellent affinity with water electrolyte.
- metal ions may be eluted from the impurity metal exposed to the positive electrode potential into the non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Further, the transition metal can be eluted from the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode into the non-aqueous electrolytic solution. Metal ions in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution are precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode. When metal elution and precipitation reactions occur, the battery voltage drops.
- the triazine dithiol derivative RS contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution has a property of forming a film on the metal surface, elution of metal ions into the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is suppressed. Further, since the triazine dithiol derivative RS has a property of forming a complex with metal ions, the metal ions eluted in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution are confused and the degree of freedom of movement is limited. By suppressing the elution of metal ions and complexing the metal ions, the precipitation of metals is remarkably suppressed. Therefore, the decrease in the battery voltage is suppressed even when the impurity metal is mixed in the battery or when the transition metal ion is easily eluted from the positive electrode active material.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group (R group) of the alkylthio group (RS group) at the 6-position of the triazine dithiol derivative RS may be, for example, 1 to 8.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 4 because the triazinedithiol derivative RS is easily available.
- Specific examples of the alkylthio group include a methylthio group and a butylthio group.
- the content of the triazinedithiol derivative RS in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may be, for example, 0.001% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, or 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. , 0.01% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, and may be 0.1% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS is used in an amount in the above range, the effect of suppressing metal precipitation and a decrease in battery voltage is enhanced.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS is used to adhere to the surface of a metal such as an electrode current collector or the surface of a positive electrode active material to form a film. Therefore, when analyzing the non-aqueous electrolytic solution collected from the inside of the battery, the content of the triazinedithiol derivative RS may be less than 0.01% by mass. On the other hand, the triazinedithiol derivative RS is rarely completely consumed. From the viewpoint of obtaining the effects according to the present disclosure, the non-aqueous electrolytic solution collected from the battery may contain the triazine dithiol derivative RS having a detection limit or more (for example, 0.0001% by mass or more).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a triazinedithiol derivative RS together with a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt that dissolves in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS is used as an additive rather than the main component of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the additive refers to a component other than the electrolyte salt whose content in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is, for example, 20% by mass or less (or 10% by mass or less (particularly 5% by mass or less)).
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may further contain vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and the like as additives.
- VEC vinyl ethylene carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- VC forms a thin film on the surface of the negative electrode, suppresses decomposition of non-aqueous solvent, and suppresses metal precipitation.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may further contain an oxalate complex salt as an additive.
- an oxalate complex salt a salt of an oxalate complex anion and a lithium ion is desirable from the viewpoint of excellent compatibility with a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the oxalate complex anion bisoxalate borate anion (BOB anion), difluorooxalate borate anion (FOB anion) and the like are preferable, and among them, lithium bisoxalate borate (LiBOB) is thin on the negative electrode surface and stable even at a relatively high temperature. A thin film is formed to suppress the decomposition of non-aqueous solvents and the precipitation of metals.
- the content of each component of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be determined by using, for example, high performance liquid chromatography.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure will be specifically described below for each component.
- the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode usually includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture held in the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode usually includes a layered positive electrode mixture (hereinafter referred to as a positive electrode mixture layer) held by the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can be formed by applying a positive electrode slurry in which the constituent components of the positive electrode mixture are dispersed in a dispersion medium to the surface of the positive electrode current collector and drying the positive electrode mixture layer. The dried coating film may be rolled if necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector, or may be formed on both surfaces.
- the positive electrode mixture contains a positive electrode active material as an essential component, and can contain a binder, a thickener, a conductive agent, and the like as optional components.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a layered rock salt type structure is used as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing at least one of Ni, Co, Al and Mn (hereinafter, also referred to as composite oxide NC) is promising because it exhibits a high capacity and a high voltage.
- the Ni content of the composite oxide NC can be increased, it is advantageous in terms of cost and a higher capacity can be secured.
- the crystal structure of the composite oxide NC becomes unstable, and transition metals such as Ni tend to be easily eluted.
- the triazinedithiol derivative RS can be expected to have an effect of adsorbing on the surface of the composite oxide NC to form a film and suppressing the elution of transition metals (particularly Ni).
- composition of the composite oxide NC for example, Li ⁇ Ni (1-x1 -x2-x3-y) Co x1 Mn x2 Al x3 M y O 2 + ⁇ (0.95 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.05,0.5 ⁇ 1 -X1-x2-x3-y ⁇ 0.95, 0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ x3 ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ x2 + x3 ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0 It can be expressed by (1), ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.05), but is not particularly limited.
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Fe, Zn, B, Si, Mg, Ca, Sr and Y.
- (1-x1-x2-x3-z) indicating the ratio (atomic ratio) of Ni satisfies 0.8 ⁇ 1-x1-x2-x3-z ⁇ 0.95 from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity. Is desirable, and it is more desirable to satisfy 0.9 ⁇ 1-x1-x2-x3-z ⁇ 0.95.
- X1 indicating the ratio (atomic ratio) of Co is larger than 0 and may be 0.04 or less, preferably 0.02 or less, and more preferably 0.015 or less.
- X2 indicating the Mn ratio may be 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.1, preferably 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.1.
- the composite oxide NC containing Mn is relatively inexpensive and has a high capacity.
- X3 indicating the ratio (atomic ratio) of Al may be 0 ⁇ x3 ⁇ 0.1, preferably 0.03 ⁇ x3 ⁇ 0.1, and even if 0.05 ⁇ x3 ⁇ 0.1. good.
- the composite oxide NC contains Al, the crystal structure is stabilized and it becomes easy to secure high cycle characteristics.
- the element M contained in the composite oxide NC is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, Sr and Ca, and it is considered that the surface structure of the composite oxide NC is stabilized and metal elution is easily suppressed.
- Nb, Sr and Ca are more effective when they are unevenly distributed near the surface of the particles.
- Y indicating the ratio of the element M is 0 or more and 0.1 or less, and may be 0 or more and 0.05 or less.
- the content of the elements constituting the composite oxide NC is determined by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy analyzer (Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy: ICP-AES), an electron beam microanalyzer (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer), or an energy dispersive X-Analyzer. It can be measured by an X-ray analyzer (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: EDX) or the like.
- the composite oxide NC is, for example, a secondary particle in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated.
- the particle size of the primary particles is generally 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the composite oxide is, for example, 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size means a particle size (volume average particle size) at which the volume integrated value is 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method. Such an average particle size may be referred to as D50.
- the measuring device for example, "LA-750" manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. (HORIBA) can be used.
- the positive electrode active material can contain a lithium transition metal composite oxide other than the composite oxide NC, but it is preferable that the ratio of the composite oxide NC is large.
- the ratio of the composite oxide NC to the positive electrode active material is, for example, 90% by mass or more, and may be 95% by mass or more.
- the ratio of the composite oxide NC to the positive electrode active material is 100% by mass or less.
- the positive electrode active material may be composed only of the composite oxide NC.
- the binder for example, a resin material is used.
- the binder include fluororesins (eg, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride), polyolefin resins (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene), polyamide resins (eg, aramid resins), and polyimide resins (eg, polyimides, polyamides). Imid), acrylic resins (eg, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, or salts thereof), vinyl resins (eg, polyvinylacetate), rubber.
- Plastic materials eg, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR)
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber
- Examples of the thickener include cellulose derivatives such as cellulose ether.
- Examples of the cellulose derivative include CMC and its modified product, methyl cellulose and the like.
- Modified CMCs also include salts of CMC.
- Examples of the salt include an alkali metal salt (for example, a sodium salt) and an ammonium salt.
- One type of thickener may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Examples of the conductive agent include conductive fibers and conductive particles.
- Examples of conductive fibers include carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and metal fibers.
- Examples of the conductive particles include conductive carbon (carbon black, graphite, etc.), metal powder, and the like.
- As the conductive agent one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the dispersion medium used for the positive electrode slurry is not particularly limited, but is, for example, water, alcohol (for example, ethanol), ether (for example, tetrahydrofuran), amide (for example, dimethylformamide), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). , Or a mixed solvent thereof.
- the positive electrode current collector is selected according to the type of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Examples of the positive electrode current collector include a sheet-shaped one.
- a metal foil or the like may be used.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and titanium.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m and 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode usually includes a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode current collector holding the negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode usually includes a layered negative electrode mixture (hereinafter, referred to as a negative electrode mixture layer).
- the negative electrode mixture may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of binders, thickeners, and conductive agents.
- the negative electrode active material metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or the like may be used, but a material capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing lithium ions is preferably used.
- a material capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing lithium ions examples include a carbonaceous material, a Si-containing material, and a Sn-containing material.
- the negative electrode may contain one kind of negative electrode active material, or may contain two or more kinds in combination. Of the negative electrode active materials, carbonaceous materials and Si-containing materials are preferable. A carbonaceous material and a Si-containing material may be combined.
- carbonaceous materials include graphite, graphitized carbon (soft carbon), and graphitized carbon (hard carbon). As the carbonaceous material, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Graphite is preferable as the carbonaceous material because it has excellent charge / discharge stability and has a small irreversible capacity.
- Examples of graphite include natural graphite, artificial graphite, and graphitized mesophase carbon particles.
- the graphite particles may partially contain amorphous carbon, easily graphitized carbon, and non-graphitized carbon.
- Graphite is a carbonaceous material with a developed graphite-type crystal structure.
- the interplanar spacing d002 of the (002) plane of graphite measured by the X-ray diffraction method may be, for example, 0.340 nm or less, 0.3354 nm or more, and 0.340 nm or less.
- the graphite crystallite size Lc (002) may be, for example, 5 nm or more, 5 nm or more, or 200 nm or less.
- the crystallite size Lc (002) is measured, for example, by the Scherrer method.
- Examples of the Si-containing material include Si alone, a silicon alloy, and a silicon compound (silicon oxide, silicate, etc.).
- Examples of the silicon oxide include SiO x particles.
- x is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, and may be 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6.
- As the Si-containing material one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the Si-containing material is, for example, a particulate material.
- the average particle size (D50) of the Si-containing material is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less, and may be 4 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the resin material exemplified for the positive electrode can be used as the binder.
- the conductive agent can be selected from, for example, those exemplified for the positive electrode.
- the shape and thickness of the negative electrode current collector can be selected from the shapes and ranges described for the positive electrode current collector. Examples of the material of the negative electrode current collector include stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloy, copper, and copper alloy.
- the dispersion medium used for the negative electrode slurry can be selected from, for example, those exemplified for the positive electrode.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte examples of the non-aqueous solvent constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution include cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, cyclic carboxylic acid esters, and chain carboxylic acid esters.
- examples of the cyclic carbonate include propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC).
- Examples of the chain carbonic acid ester include diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and the like.
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL).
- Examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and the like.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain one kind of non-aqueous solvent, or may contain two or more kinds in combination.
- Examples of the electrolyte salt or additive constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte solution include LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiB 10 Cl. 10.
- Lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, borate, imide salt and the like can be mentioned.
- Borates include bis (1,2-benzenediorate (2-) -O, O') lithium borate and bis (2,3-naphthalenedioleate (2-) -O, O') borate.
- the imide salt include bisfluorosulfonylimide lithium (LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 ), bistrifluoromethanesulfonate imidelithium (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ), and trifluoromethanesulfonate nonafluorobutane sulfonate imidelithium (LiN).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain one type of lithium salt or a combination of two or more types.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is, for example, 0.5 mol / L or more and 2 mol / L or less.
- Separator usually, it is desirable to interpose a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has high ion permeability and has appropriate mechanical strength and insulation.
- the separator for example, a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric, or at least two laminates selected from these can be used.
- polyolefin for example, polypropylene, polyethylene
- polyethylene is preferable.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery there is a structure in which an electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator and a structure in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is housed in an exterior body.
- an electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator a structure in which a non-aqueous electrolyte is housed in an exterior body.
- another form of electrode group such as a laminated type electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator may be applied.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be in any form such as a cylindrical type, a square type, a coin type, a button type, and a laminated type.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view in which a part of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is cut out.
- the battery includes a bottomed square battery case 4, an electrode group 1 housed in the battery case 4, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode group 1 has a long strip-shaped negative electrode, a long strip-shaped positive electrode, and a separator that is interposed between them and prevents direct contact.
- the electrode group 1 is formed by winding a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator around a flat plate-shaped winding core and pulling out the winding core.
- One end of the negative electrode lead 3 is attached to the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode by welding or the like.
- the other end of the negative electrode lead 3 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 6 provided on the sealing plate 5 via a resin insulating plate.
- the negative electrode terminal 6 is insulated from the sealing plate 5 by a resin gasket 7.
- One end of the positive electrode lead 2 is attached to the positive electrode current collector of the positive electrode by welding or the like.
- the other end of the positive electrode lead 2 is connected to the back surface of the sealing plate 5 via an insulating plate. That is, the positive electrode lead 2 is electrically connected to the battery case 4 that also serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the insulating plate separates the electrode group 1 and the sealing plate 5, and also separates the negative electrode lead 3 and the battery case 4.
- the peripheral edge of the sealing plate 5 is fitted to the open end portion of the battery case 4, and the fitting portion is laser welded. In this way, the opening of the battery case 4 is sealed with the sealing plate 5.
- the electrolytic solution injection hole provided in the sealing plate 5 is closed by the sealing plug 8.
- composition of the positive electrode active material shown in Table 1 is shown below.
- LNCM LiNi 0.35 Co 0.35 Mn 0.30 O 2
- LNCA LiNi 0.88 Co 0.09 Al 0.03 O 2
- Preparation of Negative Electrode A negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing 98 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material (graphite), 1 part by mass of sodium salt (CMC-Na) of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 part by mass of SBR, and an appropriate amount of water. .. Next, a negative electrode slurry was applied to one side of a copper foil which is a negative electrode current collector, the coating film was dried, and then rolled to form a negative electrode mixture layer on both sides of the copper foil.
- a positive electrode was cut out into a predetermined shape to obtain a positive electrode for evaluation.
- the positive electrode was provided with a region for functioning as a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm positive electrode and a connection region for a 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm tab lead.
- the positive electrode mixture layer formed on the connection region was further scraped off to expose the positive electrode current collector.
- the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector was connected to the positive electrode tab lead, and a predetermined region on the outer periphery of the positive electrode tab lead was covered with an insulating tab film.
- metal powders of the elements shown in Table 1 having a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m were intentionally embedded in the vicinity of the center of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the negative electrode was cut out into the same shape as the positive electrode to obtain a negative electrode for evaluation.
- the negative electrode mixture layer formed on the connection region formed in the same manner as the positive electrode was peeled off to expose the negative electrode current collector. Then, the exposed portion of the negative electrode current collector was connected to the negative electrode tab lead in the same manner as the positive electrode, and a predetermined region on the outer periphery of the negative electrode tab lead was covered with an insulating tab film.
- a cell was prepared using a positive electrode and a negative electrode for evaluation.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were opposed to each other via a polypropylene separator (thickness: 30 ⁇ m) so that the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer overlapped with each other to obtain an electrode group.
- an Al laminated film (thickness 100 ⁇ m) cut into a rectangle of 60 ⁇ 90 mm was folded in half, and the end on the long side of 60 mm was heat-sealed at 230 ° C. to form a cylinder of 60 ⁇ 45 mm.
- the produced electrode plate group was put into a cylinder, and the end face of the Al laminated film and the heat-welded resin of each tab lead were aligned and heat-sealed at 230 ° C.
- 0.3 cm 3 of the non-aqueous electrolytic solution was injected from the short side of the Al laminate film that was not heat-sealed, and after the injection, the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes under a reduced pressure of 0.06 MPa, and each mixture was prepared.
- the layer was impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the end face of the Al-laminated film on the injected liquid side is heat-sealed at 230 ° C., and the evaluation cells A1 to A12 of Examples 1 to 12, the evaluation cells R1 to R2 of Reference Examples 1 and 2, and the comparative example. Evaluation cells B1 to B4 of 1 to 4 were obtained.
- the evaluation cell was prepared in a dry environment with a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower.
- charging and discharging were repeated for 5 cycles at a constant current of 0.05 C (1 C is the current value for discharging the design capacity in 1 hour) in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C.
- Charging was terminated with a battery voltage of 4.2 V and discharging with a battery voltage of 2.5 V, and the battery was allowed to stand in an open circuit for 20 minutes between charging and discharging.
- cells B1 to B4 of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 normally, when an impurity metal is mixed in the battery, a voltage drop occurs by the mechanism already described.
- cells A1 to A12 of Examples 1 to 12 in which the triazine dithiol derivative RS was contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution almost no voltage drop occurred, and it can be understood that the influence of the impurity metal was greatly mitigated. .. Further, it can be understood that the content of the triazine dithiol derivative RS in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is sufficient even at 0.01% by mass and does not change significantly up to at least 5% by mass.
- the voltage drop of cells A1 to A12 of Examples 1 to 12 is at the same level as that of cells R1 to R2 of Reference Examples 1 and 2 containing no metal powder.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present disclosure is suitable as a main power source for mobile communication devices, portable electronic devices, etc., an in-vehicle power source, etc., but the application is not limited thereto.
- Electrode group 2 Positive electrode lead 3 Negative electrode lead 4 Battery case 5 Seal plate 6 Negative terminal 7 Gasket 8 Seal
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Abstract
Description
前記非水電解液は、非水溶媒と、前記非水溶媒に少なくとも一部が溶解している一般式:
正極は、正極活物質を含む。正極は、通常、正極集電体と、正極集電体に保持された正極合剤とを備える。正極は、通常、正極集電体に保持された層状の正極合剤(以下、正極合剤層と称する)を備えている。正極合剤層は、正極合剤の構成成分を分散媒に分散させた正極スラリを、正極集電体の表面に塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成できる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要により圧延してもよい。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。
負極は、負極活物質を含む。負極は、通常、負極活物質を含む負極合剤と負極合剤を保持する負極集電体とを備えている。負極は、通常、層状の負極合剤(以下、負極合剤層と称する)を備えている。負極合剤は、さらに、結着剤、増粘剤、および導電剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含んでもよい。
非水電解液を構成する非水溶媒としては、例えば、環状炭酸エステル、鎖状炭酸エステル、環状カルボン酸エステル、鎖状カルボン酸エステルが挙げられる。環状炭酸エステルとしては、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)等が挙げられる。鎖状炭酸エステルとしては、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)等が挙げられる。環状カルボン酸エステルとしては、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)、γ-バレロラクトン(GVL)等が挙げられる。鎖状カルボン酸エステルとしては、ギ酸メチル、ギ酸エチル、ギ酸プロピル、酢酸メチル(MA)、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸プロピル等が挙げられる。非水電解質は、非水溶媒を1種含んでもよく、2種以上組み合わせて含んでもよい。
通常、正極と負極との間には、セパレータを介在させることが望ましい。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、例えば、微多孔薄膜、織布、または不織布、もしくはこれらから選択される少なくとも2つの積層体を用いることができる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリオレフィン(例えば、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン)が好ましい。
非水電解質二次電池の構造の一例としては、正極および負極がセパレータを介して巻回された電極群と、非水電解質とが外装体に収容された構造が挙げられる。或いは、巻回型の電極群の代わりに、正極および負極がセパレータを介して積層された積層型の電極群等、他の形態の電極群が適用されてもよい。非水電解質二次電池は、例えば円筒型、角型、コイン型、ボタン型、ラミネート型等、いずれの形態であってもよい。
以下、本開示を実施例および比較例に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
下記の手順で、非水電解質二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。
表1に示す正極活物質粒子100質量部と、アセチレンブラック1質量部と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン1質量部と、適量のNMPとを混合し、正極スラリを得た。次に、アルミニウム箔の片面に正極スラリを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、アルミニウム箔の両面に正極合剤層(厚み95μm、密度3.6g/cm3)を形成し、正極を得た。
LNCA:LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2
(2)負極の作製
負極活物質(黒鉛)98質量部と、カルボキシメチルセルロースのナトリウム塩(CMC-Na)1質量部と、SBR1質量部と、適量の水とを混合し、負極スラリを調製した。次に、負極集電体である銅箔の片面に負極スラリを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して、銅箔の両面に負極合剤層を形成した。
ECおよびEMCとの混合溶媒(EC:EMC=3:7(体積比))に、LiPF6およびトリアジンジチオール誘導体RS(表1にRSと表示)として6-メチルチオ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジチオールを溶解させることにより、非水電解液を調製した。非水電解液におけるLiPF6の濃度は1.0mol/Lとした。調製した非水電解液中の6-メチルチオ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジチオールの濃度(初期濃度)は、表1中に示す値(質量%)とした。
正極を所定の形状に切り出し、評価用の正極を得た。正極には20mm×20mmの正極として機能させる領域と、5mm×5mmのタブリードとの接続領域とを設けた。その後さらに、上記接続領域上に形成された正極合剤層を削り取り、正極集電体を露出させた。その後、正極集電体の露出部分を正極タブリードと接続し、正極タブリードの外周の所定の領域を絶縁タブフィルムで覆った。実施例1~12および比較例1~4においては、意図的に正極合剤層の中央付近に、直径約100μmの表1に示す元素の金属粉を埋め込んだ。
評価用セルを、一対の80×80cmのステンレス鋼(厚み2mm)のクランプで挟んで0.2MPaで加圧固定した。
実施例、参考例および比較例で得られた非水電解質二次電池について、下記の評価を行った。25℃の温度環境において、電池を0.3Itの電流で電圧が4.1Vになるまで定電流充電し、その後、4.1Vの定電圧で電流が0.05Itになるまで定電圧充電した。次いで、電池を25℃の温度環境に保存し、100時間後の電圧低下量を求めた。電圧低下量が20mV以上の場合は、金属の溶解反応および析出反応が生じているものと判断できる。結果を表1に示す。
2 正極リード
3 負極リード
4 電池ケース
5 封口板
6 負極端子
7 ガスケット
8 封栓
Claims (9)
- 前記6位のアルキルチオ基のアルキル基の炭素数が1~8である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用の非水電解液。
- 前記非水電解液中の前記6-アルキルチオ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジチオールの含有量が、0.01質量%以上、5質量%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用の非水電解液。
- 前記非水電解液は、ビニレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用の非水電解液。
- 前記非水電解質は、オキサレート錯体塩を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用の非水電解液。
- 前記6位のアルキルチオ基のアルキル基の炭素数が1~8である、請求項6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液中の前記6-アルキルチオ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジチオールの含有量が、5質量%以下である、請求項6または7に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質は、層状岩塩型構造を有し、かつNiと、Coと、AlおよびMnの少なくとも一方と、を含むリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| US17/921,181 US12555825B2 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-02-25 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN202180031032.6A CN115461904A (zh) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-02-25 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
| EP21796716.5A EP4145567A4 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-02-25 | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY |
| JP2022518625A JP7675382B2 (ja) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-02-25 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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| WO2023145894A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質電池用の非水電解質および非水電解質電池 |
| WO2023145896A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質電池用の非水電解質および非水電解質電池 |
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| CN117013077B (zh) * | 2023-08-23 | 2024-03-19 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种含双功能添加剂的电池电解液及其在锂硫电池中的应用 |
| CN119905660B (zh) * | 2024-12-24 | 2025-12-16 | 远景动力技术(江苏)有限公司 | 电解液及锂电池 |
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| EP4475255A4 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2025-12-10 | Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte for non-aqueous electrolyte cells, and non-aqueous electrolyte cells |
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| EP4145567A1 (en) | 2023-03-08 |
| CN115461904A (zh) | 2022-12-09 |
| JPWO2021220601A1 (ja) | 2021-11-04 |
| US20230170528A1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
| EP4145567A4 (en) | 2024-10-09 |
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