WO2021227073A1 - 封装膜、电化学装置及电子装置 - Google Patents

封装膜、电化学装置及电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227073A1
WO2021227073A1 PCT/CN2020/090668 CN2020090668W WO2021227073A1 WO 2021227073 A1 WO2021227073 A1 WO 2021227073A1 CN 2020090668 W CN2020090668 W CN 2020090668W WO 2021227073 A1 WO2021227073 A1 WO 2021227073A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
carbon
packaging film
electrode sheet
film
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/090668
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈聪荣
陈志焕
崔航
谢远森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/090668 priority Critical patent/WO2021227073A1/zh
Priority to CN202080100345.8A priority patent/CN115461912B/zh
Priority to EP20935516.3A priority patent/EP4152487A4/en
Publication of WO2021227073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227073A1/zh
Priority to US17/986,046 priority patent/US20230080891A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a packaging film, an electrochemical device and an electronic device.
  • the theoretical gram capacity of silicon for lithium insertion is as high as 4200mAh/g, and the reserves on the earth are very abundant, it has a larger application prospect in lithium-ion batteries.
  • the silicon particles will undergo a large volume expansion during the cycle, which will cause the silicon particles to pulverize and reduce the adhesive force between the active material layer in the negative electrode sheet and the current collector, causing the active material layer to fall off. Reduce the cycle performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the encapsulation film cannot inhibit the expansion of silicon particles.
  • the volume of the silicon particles expands, it not only affects the cycle performance of the battery, but also the sealing edge of the packaging film is easily washed away, resulting in a risk of liquid leakage.
  • the application provides an encapsulation film, which includes a protective layer, a first adhesive layer, a metal layer, a second adhesive layer, and a sealing layer that are sequentially stacked.
  • the carbon material can function as a skeleton in the packaging film, which can enhance the mechanical properties of the packaging film and is beneficial to reducing the overall thickness of the packaging film.
  • the energy density of the electrochemical device can be increased, and since the mechanical properties of the packaging film are enhanced, the volume expansion of the electrode assembly in the electrochemical device can be suppressed and the deformation of the electrode assembly can be improved.
  • the polymer resin layer and the carbon material satisfy at least one of the following relationships: the carbon material is located in the polymer resin layer or on at least one surface of the polymer resin layer.
  • the mass ratio of the carbon material in the protective layer is 5% to 50%.
  • the protective layer cannot effectively prevent air penetration; when the mass ratio of the carbon material in the protective layer is too low, it cannot enhance the mechanical properties of the packaging film and inhibit the electrode assembly The effect of volume expansion.
  • the carbon material includes at least one of carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers.
  • Carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers have high tensile strength, elastic modulus, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and a small thermal expansion coefficient, which is beneficial to further enhance the mechanical properties of the packaging film.
  • the carbon material includes carbon fibers, the carbon fibers are interconnected and woven to form a carbon layer, and the carbon layer is located between the polymer resin layer and the first bonding layer.
  • the carbon layer structure obtained by woven carbon fibers is denser. Compared with the structure in which the carbon fibers are filled in the polymer resin layer, the carbon layer can more effectively prevent the penetration of sharp substances, thereby further improving the needle punch strength of the packaging film.
  • the thickness of the carbon layer is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the carbon nanotubes include at least one of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and single-wall carbon nanotubes.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 7 ⁇ m to 16 ⁇ m.
  • the polymer resin includes at least one of nylon or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the packaging film further includes a matte layer
  • the protective layer is located between the matte layer and the first adhesive layer
  • the thickness of the matte layer is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the metal layer is 24 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the sealing layer is 24 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m.
  • the sealing layer includes polypropylene.
  • the application also provides an electrochemical device including an electrode assembly.
  • the electrochemical device also includes the encapsulation film as above, and the encapsulation film is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly.
  • the encapsulation film can increase the energy density of the electrochemical device on the one hand, and because the mechanical properties of the encapsulation film are enhanced, it can suppress the volume expansion of the electrode assembly in the electrochemical device and improve the deformation of the electrode assembly; on the other hand, due to the carbon material
  • the thermal conductivity is high, so it can conduct heat inside the electrochemical device and improve safety.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a separator film, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the separator film is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the separator film and the negative electrode sheet are laminated or wound to form an electrode assembly.
  • the wafer includes a silicon-based material.
  • the silicon-based material includes at least one of silicon, silicon oxide, silicon carbon composite material, or silicon oxide and carbon composite material.
  • This application also provides an electronic device, including the above electrochemical device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an encapsulation film provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an encapsulation film provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a carbon layer of the packaging film shown in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochemical device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Electrode assembly 201
  • connection used in the specification and claims of the patent application of this application is not limited to physical or mechanical connections, whether direct or indirect. of. "Up”, “Down”, “Above”, “Below”, “Left”, “Right”, etc. are only used to indicate the relative position relationship. When the absolute position of the described object is changed, the relative position relationship is also correspondingly Change.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an encapsulation film 100, including a protective layer 20, a first adhesive layer 30, a metal layer 40, a second adhesive layer 50, and a sealing layer 60 stacked in sequence.
  • the protective layer 20 includes a polymer resin layer 21 and a carbon material 22.
  • the polymer resin layer 21 is used to protect the metal layer 40 in the encapsulation film 100 to avoid damage to the metal layer 40 due to external forces, and at the same time can prevent the air from the external environment from penetrating, and maintain the inside of the electrochemical device in a water- and oxygen-free environment.
  • the metal layer 40 is used to prevent the penetration of moisture in the external environment and prevent external forces from damaging the electrochemical device.
  • the metal layer 40 may specifically be an aluminum foil layer.
  • the sealing layer 60 is used to encapsulate the encapsulation film 100 to prevent the encapsulation film 100 from being dissolved or swelled by the organic solvent inside the electrochemical device.
  • the sealing layer 60 is also used to prevent the electrolyte inside the electrochemical device from contacting the metal layer 40 to cause the metal layer 40 Corroded.
  • the first adhesive layer 30 is used to bond the protective layer 20 and the metal layer 40
  • the second adhesive layer 50 is used to bond the metal layer 40 and the sealing layer 60 to prevent the adjacent two layers from falling off.
  • the polymer resin layer 21 and the carbon material 22 satisfy at least one of the following relationships: the carbon material 22 is located in the polymer resin layer 21 (see FIG. 1) or on at least one surface of the polymer resin layer 21 (see FIG. 2). Wherein, the carbon material 22 is located on at least one surface of the polymer resin layer 21.
  • the carbon material 22 may be located between the polymer resin layer 21 and the first adhesive layer 30, or located on the polymer resin layer 21 away from the first adhesive layer. 30 surface, or a combination of the two. Further, the carbon material 22 may be located on the entire surface of the polymer resin layer 21 or only on a part of the surface of the polymer resin layer 21.
  • the carbon material 22 is located between the polymer resin layer 21 and the first adhesive layer 30. Furthermore, the carbon materials 22 are woven with each other to form a carbon layer 220 having a network structure.
  • the carbon material 22 is added to the packaging film 100.
  • the carbon material 22 can function as a skeleton in the packaging film 100, which can enhance the mechanical properties (such as tensile strength and puncture strength) of the packaging film 100, and is beneficial to reduce The overall thickness of the small package film 100.
  • the energy density of the electrochemical device can be increased, and because the mechanical properties of the encapsulation film 100 are enhanced, the volume expansion of the electrode assembly in the electrochemical device can be suppressed and the performance of the electrode assembly can be improved. Deformation; on the other hand, because the carbon material has a high thermal conductivity, it can conduct heat inside the electrochemical device and improve safety.
  • the carbon material 22 includes at least one of carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers.
  • carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers have high tensile strength, elastic modulus, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and a small thermal expansion coefficient, which is beneficial to further enhance the mechanical properties of the packaging film 100.
  • the mass ratio of the carbon material 22 in the protective layer 20 is 5% to 50%.
  • the mass ratio of the carbon material 22 in the protective layer 20 is too high, the resin content of the polymer resin layer 21 is relatively low, so that the protective layer 20 cannot effectively prevent air penetration; the mass ratio of the carbon material 22 in the protective layer 20 When it is too low, the effect of enhancing the mechanical properties of the packaging film 100 and suppressing the volume expansion of the electrode assembly will not be achieved.
  • the carbon material 22 is carbon nanotubes, and the carbon nanotubes are filled in the polymer resin layer 21.
  • the mechanical properties of the protective layer 20 can be improved, so that the packaging film 100 can suppress the volume expansion of the electrode assembly and improve the deformation of the electrode assembly.
  • the carbon material 22 located in the polymer resin layer 21 may also be carbon fiber.
  • the thickness of the protective layer 20 is 7 ⁇ m to 16 ⁇ m. Among them, when the protective layer 20 is too thin, it cannot effectively prevent the air from penetrating, and when the protective layer 20 is too thick, it will reduce the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the carbon material 22 is carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes are connected to each other along the tube diameter to form carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers are woven with each other to form a carbon layer 220.
  • the carbon layer 220 made by woven carbon fibers made of carbon nanotubes 22 has a denser structure. Compared with the structure in which carbon nanotubes 22 are filled in the polymer resin layer 21, the carbon layer 220 can more effectively prevent sharp substances from piercing. , Thereby further improving the needling strength of the packaging film 100.
  • the carbon nanotubes include at least one of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and single-wall carbon nanotubes.
  • the thickness of the carbon layer 220 is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the polymer resin layer 21 is 7 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m. That is, the total thickness of the protective layer 20 is 9 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m.
  • the carbon material 22 may also be carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers are interconnected and woven to form the carbon layer 220.
  • the carbon layer 220 obtained by woven carbon fibers has a denser structure. Compared with the structure in which carbon nanotubes 22 are filled in the polymer resin layer 21, the carbon layer 220 can more effectively prevent sharp substances from piercing, thereby further improving the packaging film. Acupuncture strength of 100.
  • the material of the polymer resin layer 21 includes at least one of nylon or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the sealing layer 60 includes polypropylene. Further, the sealing layer 60 may be a polypropylene cast film, that is, a polypropylene film produced by a casting process.
  • the bonding material used for the first bonding layer 30 and the second bonding layer 50 includes at least one of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or polyurethane.
  • the packaging film 100 further includes a matte layer 10, the protective layer 20 is located between the matte layer 10 and the first adhesive layer 30, and the thickness of the matte layer 10 is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the metal layer 40 is 24 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m. Among them, the strength of the metal layer 40 is too thin, and the strength is insufficient; and the thickness of the metal layer 40 increases the overall weight of the electrochemical device.
  • the thickness of the sealing layer 60 is 24 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m.
  • the sealing layer 60 is too thin to effectively protect the metal layer 40; while the sealing layer 60 is too thick to affect the heat dissipation effect, the packaging film 100 and the punching effect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 200.
  • the electrochemical device 200 includes an electrode assembly 201 and an encapsulation film 100.
  • the packaging film 100 is used to package the electrode assembly 201.
  • the electrochemical device 200 of the present application includes all devices capable of electrochemical reactions.
  • the electrochemical device 200 includes all kinds of primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and capacitors (such as supercapacitors).
  • the electrochemical device 200 may be a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • the electrode assembly 201 includes a positive electrode sheet 2013, a separator film 2011, and a negative electrode sheet 2012.
  • the separator film 2011 is located between the positive electrode sheet 2013 and the negative electrode sheet 2012.
  • the positive electrode sheet 2013, the separator film 2011 and the negative electrode sheet 2012 are laminated. Or it is wound to form the electrode assembly 201.
  • the negative electrode sheet 2012 includes a silicon-based material.
  • the silicon-based material may include at least one of silicon, silicon oxide, a silicon-carbon composite material, or a composite material of silicon oxide and carbon.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 300.
  • the electronic device 300 includes an electrochemical device 200.
  • the electronic device 300 may be a consumer electronic product (such as a mobile communication device, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, etc.), an electric tool, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an energy storage device, a power device, and the like. 5, in one embodiment, the electronic device 300 is an electric vehicle.
  • negative electrode sheet Dissolve negative electrode active materials including silicon-based materials and graphite, conductive carbon black, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in deionized water at a mass ratio of 95:1.2:1.0:3.8. Under vacuum conditions Stir until the system is uniform to obtain a negative electrode slurry. Copper foil is used as the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode slurry is coated on the two surfaces of the negative electrode current collector. After drying at 80-90°C, it is cold pressed, trimmed, cut, and slit, and then heated at 110°C. Dry under vacuum for 4 hours to obtain a negative electrode sheet. Among them, the mass ratio of silicon-based materials in the negative pole piece is 15%.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet Dissolve lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), conductive carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent at a mass ratio of 96.7:1.7:1.6 In, stirring under vacuum conditions until the system is uniform to obtain positive electrode slurry.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, after drying at 85°C, cold pressing, trimming, cutting, and slitting, and then vacuum drying at 85°C for 4h to obtain the positive electrode piece.
  • Packaging film preparation adding carbon nanotubes to the polymer resin to obtain a protective layer. Then, the matte layer, the protective layer, the first adhesive layer, the aluminum foil layer, the second adhesive layer and the sealing layer are sequentially stacked to obtain an encapsulation film. Among them, carbon nanotubes account for 10% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 12 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the packaging film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • Lithium-ion soft-pack battery preparation a polyethylene film is used as a separator, placed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the electrode assembly is obtained after winding.
  • the electrode assembly is put into the above-mentioned packaging film and vacuum-baked at 75° C. for 10 hours, electrolyte is injected, and then vacuum packaging is performed.
  • the encapsulated electrode assembly was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then subjected to activation treatment.
  • the activation treatment consisted of first charging at a constant current of 0.1C to 4.2V, then charging at a constant voltage of 0.05C at 4.2V, and then charging at a constant voltage of 0.1C.
  • the current was discharged to 3.0V, and the charge-discharge cycle was repeated 2 times. Finally, it was charged with a constant current of 0.1C, and the charging voltage was reached to 3.8V.
  • the activation process was completed to obtain a soft pack battery.
  • Example 1 The difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 1 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 20% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • Example 1 The difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 1 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 30% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • Example 1 The difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 1 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 40% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • Example 1 The difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 1 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 50% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the preparation of the encapsulation film the carbon nanotubes are connected to each other along the tube diameter direction to form carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers are woven with each other to form a carbon layer. Then, the matte layer, the polymer resin layer, the carbon layer, the first adhesive layer, the aluminum foil layer, the second adhesive layer and the sealing layer are sequentially stacked to obtain an encapsulation film.
  • the carbon nanotubes account for 30% of the total mass of the protective layer (the protective layer includes the polymer resin layer and the carbon mesh layer).
  • the thickness of the carbon layer is 3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the polymer resin layer is 9 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the packaging film and Example 6 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 50% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the carbon layer is 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the polymer resin layer is 7 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 1 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 30% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the packaging film is 65 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the negative electrode sheet and Example 8 lies in that the mass ratio of the silicon-based material in the negative electrode sheet is 20%.
  • the difference between the preparation of the encapsulation film and Example 8 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 10% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the encapsulation film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the negative electrode sheet and Example 8 lies in that the mass ratio of the silicon-based material in the negative electrode sheet is 25%.
  • the difference between the preparation of the packaging film and Example 8 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 16% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the encapsulation film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the negative electrode sheet and Example 8 lies in that the mass ratio of the silicon-based material in the negative electrode sheet is 25%.
  • the preparation of the encapsulation film the carbon nanotubes are connected to each other along the tube diameter direction to form carbon fibers, and the carbon fibers are woven with each other to form a carbon layer. Then, the matte layer, the polymer resin layer, the carbon layer, the first adhesive layer, the aluminum foil layer, the second adhesive layer and the sealing layer are sequentially stacked to obtain an encapsulation film.
  • carbon nanotubes account for 16% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the carbon layer is 5 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the polymer resin layer is 7 ⁇ m
  • the total thickness of the encapsulation film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the negative electrode sheet and Example 8 lies in that the mass ratio of the silicon-based material in the negative electrode sheet is 25%.
  • the difference between the preparation of the packaging film and Example 8 is that the carbon nanotubes account for 27% of the mass of the protective layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the encapsulation film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the packaging film and Example 1 lies in that no carbon nanotubes are added to the packaging film, the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the packaging film is 67 ⁇ m.
  • the difference between the preparation of the packaging film and Example 1 lies in: no carbon nanotubes are added to the packaging film, the thickness of the protective layer is 10 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the packaging film is 65 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1-12 and Comparative Example 1-2 were subjected to tensile strength test and needle strength test, and the soft-pack batteries prepared in Example 1-12 and Comparative Example 1-2 were subjected to full charge expansion rate Test, the test results are recorded in Table 1.
  • the tensile strength test is carried out by a multifunctional tensile testing machine.
  • the testing process includes: cutting the packaging film to obtain a sample with a length of 150mm and a width of 15mm, and then installing the sample to the two clamps of the tensile testing machine. Set the initial tensile length to 50mm, and perform the tensile test at a tensile speed of 5mm/min until the sample is broken and then the tensile test is stopped. Record the maximum tensile force that the sample bears when it breaks. The ratio of the maximum tensile force to the cross-sectional area of the sample (which can be calculated by the product of the width and thickness of the sample) is the tensile strength.
  • the puncture strength test is carried out with a multifunctional tensile testing machine.
  • the test steps include: using a needle with a spherical radius of 0.5mm to pierce the packaging film at a speed of 50mm/min, and reading the value of the tensile testing machine when the needle pierces the packaging film. This data is the puncture strength.
  • the test steps of fully charged battery expansion rate include: at 25°C, use a spiral micrometer to test the thickness of fresh battery at half charge (50% SOC), when the cycle reaches 400 cycles, the battery cell is in a fully charged state (100% SOC) , And then use the spiral micrometer to test the thickness of the battery at this time, and compare it with the thickness of the fresh battery at the initial half-charge, you can get the fully charged (50% SOC) battery expansion rate at this time.
  • Example 1-5 adds carbon nanotubes to the polymer resin layer, the expansion of the soft pack battery is suppressed, and the full charge expansion rate is smaller.
  • Example 6-7 a carbon layer woven from carbon nanotubes was added on the surface of the polymer resin layer, so the expansion rate of the soft pack battery is relatively small. Therefore, whether it is adding carbon nanotubes to the polymer resin layer (hereinafter referred to as: adding method one) or adding a carbon layer woven from carbon nanotubes on the surface of the polymer resin layer (hereinafter referred to as adding method two) , Can well restrain the expansion of the soft pack battery.
  • Examples 1-5 with the increase in the content of carbon nanotubes, the tensile strength and the needling strength of the packaging film gradually increased, and the expansion rate of the soft-pack battery showed a decreasing trend as a whole. However, when the content of carbon nanotubes is increased to a certain level (that is, from 40% to 50%), the improvement range of the expansion rate of the soft pack battery becomes smaller.
  • the carbon nanotubes of Example 3 and Example 6 adopt the addition method 1 and the addition method 2 respectively. Under the premise that the content of the carbon nanotubes is the same, the tensile strength and the full-charge expansion rate of the two are approximately the same. Similarly, the carbon nanotubes of Example 5 and Example 7 adopt the addition method 1 and the addition method 2 respectively. Under the premise that the content of the carbon nanotubes is the same, the tensile strength and the full-charge expansion rate of the two are approximately the same. Therefore, it shows that different addition methods have little effect on the tensile strength and full-fill expansion rate of the packaging film. However, compared to Example 3, the needling strength of the packaging film of Example 6 is improved.
  • the needling strength of the packaging film of Example 7 is also improved. This is because the needling strength is improved.
  • the reason is that the carbon layer is woven with carbon fibers controlled by carbon nanometers. The structure of the carbon layer is denser and can prevent sharp substances from piercing.
  • Example 8 Compared with Comparative Example 1, in Example 8, because carbon nanotubes are added to the polymer resin layer, not only can the expansion of the battery be suppressed, but also the overall thickness of the packaging film can be reduced, which is beneficial to increase the energy density of the battery.
  • Example 10 Compared with Example 9, the content of silicon-based material in the negative electrode sheet of Examples 10-12 is increased. Therefore, if it is necessary to maintain a full-charge expansion rate of ⁇ 10%, regardless of the method of addition (i.e., Examples 10 and 12) or The second addition method (ie, Example 11) requires a corresponding increase in the content of carbon nanotubes.
  • the comparison of Example 10 and Example 12 shows that when the content of silicon-based materials in the negative electrode sheet increases by the same gradient, it is necessary to maintain a full charge expansion rate of ⁇ 10%, and the content of carbon nanotubes in the packaging film needs to be higher. The gradient increases.

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Abstract

一种封装膜（100），包括依次叠设的保护层（20）、第一粘结层（30）、金属层（40）、第二粘结层（50）和密封层（60），所述保护层（20）包括高分子树脂层（21）和碳材料（22）。还提供一种电化学装置（200）及电子装置（300）。

Description

封装膜、电化学装置及电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种封装膜、电化学装置和电子装置。
背景技术
由于硅的嵌锂理论克容量高达4200mAh/g，并且在地球上的储量十分丰富，因此在锂离子电池中具有较大的应用前景。然而，硅颗粒在循环过程中会发生较大的体积膨胀，这会导致硅颗粒粉化，而且降低负极片中的活性物质层与集流体之间的粘接力，使得活性物质层脱落，从而降低锂离子电池的循环性能。
尤其针对软包电池而言，封装膜无法抑制硅颗粒膨胀。当硅颗粒发生体积膨胀时，不仅影响电池的循环性能，而且封装膜的封边容易被冲开，从而出现漏液风险。
发明内容
为解决现有技术以上不足，有必要提供一种能够抑制硅颗粒膨胀的封装膜。
另，还有必要提供一种包括上述封装膜的电化学装置。
另，还有必要提供一种包括上述电化学装置的电子装置。
本申请提供一种封装膜，包括依次叠设的保护层、第一粘结层、金属层、第二粘结层和密封层。
本申请通过在封装膜中添加碳材料，碳材料在封装膜中能起到骨架的作用，能够增强封装膜的力学性能，而且有利于减小封装膜的整体厚度。当上述封装膜用于电化学装置时，能够提高电化学装置的能量密度，而且由于封装膜的力学性能增强，因此能够抑制电 化学装置中电极组件的体积膨胀并改善电极组件的变形。
在本申请一些实施方式中，高分子树脂层和碳材料满足如下至少一种关系：碳材料位于高分子树脂层中或位于高分子树脂层的至少一个表面上。
在本申请一些实施方式中，碳材料在保护层中的质量比为5％至50％。其中，碳材料在保护层中的质量比太高时，保护层不能有效阻止空气渗透；碳材料在保护层中的质量比太低时，则起不到增强封装膜的力学性能、抑制电极组件体积膨胀的效果。
在本申请一些实施方式中，碳材料包括碳纳米管和碳纤维中的至少一种。碳纳米管和碳纤维具有较高的拉伸强度、弹性模量、耐氧化性、耐磨性能且热膨胀系数小，有利于进一步增强封装膜的力学性能。
在本申请一些实施方式中，碳材料包含碳纤维，碳纤维相互连接编织形成碳层，且碳层位于高分子树脂层和第一粘结层之间。由碳纤维相互编织得到的碳层结构较密实，相较于碳纤维填充于高分子树脂层中的结构，碳层能够更有效地阻止尖锐物质刺穿，从而进一步提高封装膜的针刺强度。
在本申请一些实施方式中，碳层的厚度为2μm至5μm。
在本申请一些实施方式中，碳纳米管包括多壁碳纳米管和单壁碳纳米管中的至少一种。
在本申请一些实施方式中，保护层的厚度为7μm至16μm。
在本申请一些实施方式中，高分子树脂包括尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。
在本申请一些实施方式中，封装膜还包括哑光层，保护层位于哑光层和第一粘结层之间，哑光层的厚度为2μm至5μm。
在本申请一些实施方式中，金属层的厚度为24μm至35μm，密封层的厚度为24μm至35μm。
在本申请一些实施方式中，密封层包括聚丙烯。
本申请还提供一种电化学装置，包括电极组件。电化学装置还包括如上封装膜，封装膜用于封装电极组件。其中，封装膜一方面能够提高电化学装置的能量密度，而且由于封装膜的力学性能增强，因此能够抑制电化学装置中电极组件的体积膨胀并改善电极组件的变形；另一方面，由于碳材料导热系数高，因此能够传导电化学装置内部的热量，提高安全性。
在本申请一些实施方式中，电极组件包括正极片、隔离膜和负极片，隔离膜位于正极片和负极片之间，正极片、隔离膜和负极片经叠片或卷绕形成电极组件，负极片包括硅基材料。
在本申请一些实施方式中，硅基材料包括硅、氧化亚硅、硅碳复合材料或氧化亚硅和碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
本申请还提供一种电子装置，包括如上电化学装置。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的封装膜的截面示意图。
图2为本申请另一实施方式提供的封装膜的截面示意图。
图3为图2所示的封装膜的碳层的俯视图。
图4为本申请一实施方式提供的电化学装置的结构示意图。
图5为本申请一实施方式提供的电子装置的结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明
哑光层                        10
保护层                        20
高分子树脂层                  21
碳材料                        22
第一粘结层                    30
金属层                        40
第二粘结层                    50
密封层                        60
封装膜                        100
电化学装置                    200
电极组件                      201
碳层                          220
电子装置                      300
隔离膜                        2011
负极片                        2012
正极片                        2013
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的所有的和任意的组合。
在本申请的各实施例中，为了便于描述而非限制本申请，本申请专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的术语“连接”并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“上 方”、“下方”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也相应地改变。
请参阅图1和图2，本申请一实施方式提供一种封装膜100，包括依次叠设的保护层20、第一粘结层30、金属层40、第二粘结层50和密封层60，保护层20包括高分子树脂层21和碳材料22。
其中，高分子树脂层21用于保护封装膜100中的金属层40，避免金属层40因外力作用破损，同时能够阻止外部环境的空气渗透，维持电化学装置内部处于无水无氧的环境。金属层40用于阻止外部环境的水分渗透，并防止外力对电化学装置造成损伤。在一实施方式中，金属层40具体可以为铝箔层。密封层60用于对封装膜100进行封装，防止封装膜100被电化学装置内部的有机溶剂溶解或溶胀，密封层60还用于阻止电化学装置内部电解质与金属层40接触而导致金属层40被腐蚀。第一粘结层30用于粘结保护层20和金属层40，第二粘结层50用于粘结金属层40和密封层60，从而防止相邻两层脱落。
高分子树脂层21和碳材料22满足如下至少一种关系：碳材料22位于高分子树脂层21中(参图1)或位于高分子树脂层21的至少一个表面上(参图2)。其中，碳材料22位于高分子树脂层21的至少一个表面上可以是碳材料22位于高分子树脂层21与第一粘结层30之间，或者位于高分子树脂层21远离第一粘结层30的表面，或者两者的结合。进一步地，碳材料22可以位于高分子树脂层21的整个表面上，或者只位于高分子树脂层21的部分表面上。
如图2所示，碳材料22位于高分子树脂层21和第一粘结层30之间。而且，碳材料22相互编织形成具有网络结构的碳层220。
本申请通过在封装膜100中添加碳材料22，碳材料22在封装膜100中能起到骨架的作用，能够增强封装膜100的力学性能(如拉伸强度、穿刺强度)，而且有利于减小封装膜100的整体厚度。当上述封装膜100用于电化学装置时，一方面能够提高电化学装置的 能量密度，而且由于封装膜100的力学性能增强，因此能够抑制电化学装置中电极组件的体积膨胀并改善电极组件的变形；另一方面，由于碳材料导热系数高，因此能够传导电化学装置内部的热量，提高安全性。
在一些实施方式中，碳材料22包括碳纳米管和碳纤维中的至少一种。其中，碳纳米管和碳纤维具有较高的拉伸强度、弹性模量、耐氧化性、耐磨性能且热膨胀系数小，有利于进一步增强封装膜100的力学性能。
在一些实施方式中，碳材料22在保护层20中的质量比为5％至50％。其中，碳材料22在保护层20中的质量比太高时，高分子树脂层21的树脂含量相对较低，使得保护层20不能有效阻止空气渗透；碳材料22在保护层20中的质量比太低时，则起不到增强封装膜100的力学性能、抑制电极组件体积膨胀的效果。
如图1所示，在一实施方式中，碳材料22为碳纳米管，且碳纳米管填充于高分子树脂层21中。如此，可以提高保护层20的力学性能，使得封装膜100能够抑制电极组件的体积膨胀并改善电极组件的变形。当然，在其它所述方式中，位于高分子树脂层21中的碳材料22还可以为碳纤维。
进一步地，保护层20的厚度为7μm至16μm。其中，保护层20太薄时不能有效阻止空气渗透，而保护层20太厚时会降低电化学装置的能量密度。
如图2和图3所示，在另一实施方式中，碳材料22为碳纳米管。碳纳米管沿管径方向相互连接形成碳纤维，且碳纤维相互编织形成碳层220。由碳纳米管22制得的碳纤维相互编织得到的碳层220结构较密实，相较于碳纳米管22填充于高分子树脂层21中的结构，碳层220能够更有效地阻止尖锐物质刺穿，从而进一步提高封装膜100的针刺强度。在一些实施方式中，碳纳米管包括多壁碳纳米管和单壁碳纳米管中的至少一种。
进一步地，碳层220的厚度为2μm至5μm，高分子树脂层21的厚度为7μm至13μm。即，保护层20的总厚度为9μm至18μm。
在再一实施方式中，碳材料22还可以为碳纤维，且碳纤维相互连接编织形成碳层220。由碳纤维相互编织得到的碳层220结构较密实，相较于碳纳米管22填充于高分子树脂层21中的结构，碳层220也能够更有效地阻止尖锐物质刺穿，从而进一步提高封装膜100的针刺强度。
在一些实施方式中，高分子树脂层21的材质包括尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。密封层60包括聚丙烯，进一步地，密封层60可以为聚丙烯流延膜，即采用流延工艺生产的聚丙烯膜。第一粘结层30和第二粘结层50所采用的粘结材料包括丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂或聚氨酯中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，封装膜100还包括哑光层10，保护层20位于哑光层10和第一粘结层30之间，哑光层10的厚度为2μm至5μm。
而且，金属层40的厚度为24μm至35μm。其中，金属层40太薄时强度不足；而金属层40太厚会增加电化学装置的整体重量。
密封层60的厚度为24μm至35μm。密封层60太薄不能有效保护金属层40；而密封层60太厚会影响散热效果和封装膜100和冲坑效果。
请参阅图4，本申请一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置200。电化学装置200包括电极组件201和封装膜100。封装膜100用于封装电极组件201。其中，本申请的电化学装置200包括所有能够发生电化学反应的装置。具体的，电化学装置200包括所有种类的原电池、二次电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池和电容器(例如超级电容器)。可选地，电化学装置200可以为锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池和锂离子聚合物二次电池。
在一实施方式中，电极组件201包括正极片2013、隔离膜2011和负极片2012，隔离膜2011位于正极片2013和负极片2012之间，正极片2013、隔离膜2011和负极片2012经叠片或卷绕形成电极组件201。负极片2012包括硅基材料。
进一步地，硅基材料可以包括硅、氧化亚硅、硅碳复合材料或氧化亚硅和碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
请参阅图5，本申请一实施方式还提供一种电子装置300。电子装置300包括电化学装置200。其中，电子装置300可以是消费性电子产品(如移动通信装置、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等)、电动工具、无人机、储能装置、动力装置等。参照图5，在一实施方式中，电子装置300为电动汽车。
以下通过具体实施例和对比例来对本申请进行说明。
实施例1
负极片制备：将包括硅基材料和石墨在内的负极活性物质、导电炭黑以及丁苯橡胶(SBR)按质量比为95：1.2：1.0：3.8的比例溶于去离子水中，在真空条件下搅拌至体系呈均一状，获得负极浆料。采用铜箔作为负极集流体，将负极浆料涂覆于负极集流体的两个表面上，在80-90℃下烘干后经过冷压、切边、裁片、分条，然后在110℃下真空干燥4h，得到负极片。其中，硅基材料在负极极片中的质量占比为15％。
正极片制备：将正极活性物质钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)、导电炭黑以及聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按质量比为96.7：1.7：1.6的比例溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶剂中，在真空条件下搅拌至体系呈均一状，获得正极浆料。采用铝箔作为正极集流体，将正极浆料涂覆于正极集流体上，经过85℃下烘干后经过冷压、切边、裁片、分条，然后在85℃下真空干燥4h，得到正极片。
封装膜制备：在高分子树脂中加入碳纳米管，得到保护层。然后依次叠设哑光层、保护层、第一粘结层、铝箔层、第二粘结层和 密封层，得到封装膜。其中，碳纳米管占保护层质量的10％。保护层的厚度为12μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
锂离子软包电池制备：将聚乙烯膜作为隔离膜，置于正极片以及负极片之间，卷绕后得到电极组件。将电极组件装入上述封装膜中并在75℃下真空烘烤10h，注入电解液，然后进行真空封装。将封装后的电极组件静置24h后进行活化处理，其中，活化处理为先以0.1C的恒定电流充电至4.2V，接着以0.05C在4.2V下进行恒压充电，然后以0.1C的恒定电流放电至3.0V，重复2次充放电循环，最后以0.1C的恒定电流进行充电，充电电压至3.8V，完成活化过程，得到软包电池。
实施例2
实施例2的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的20％。
实施例3
实施例3的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的30％。
实施例4
实施例4的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的40％。
实施例5
实施例5的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的50％。
实施例6
实施例6的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备：将碳纳米管沿管径方向相互连接形成碳纤维，且碳纤维相互编织形成碳层。然后依次叠设哑光层、高分子树脂层、碳层、第一粘结层、铝箔层、第二粘结层和密封层，得到封装膜。其中，碳纳米管占保护层(该保护层包括高分子树脂层和碳网层)总质量的30％。碳层的厚度为3μm，高分子树脂层的厚度为9μm。
实施例7
实施例7的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例6相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例6区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的50％。碳层的厚度为5μm，高分子树脂层的厚度为7μm。
实施例8
实施例8的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的30％。保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为65μm。
实施例9
实施例9的正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例8相同，此不赘述。
负极片的制备与实施例8区别在于：硅基材料在负极片中的质量占比为20％。
封装膜的制备与实施例8区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的10％。保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
实施例10
实施例10的正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例8相同，此不赘述。
负极片的制备与实施例8区别在于：硅基材料在负极片中的质量占比为25％。
封装膜的制备与实施例8区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的16％。保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
实施例11
实施例11的正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例8相同，此不赘述。
负极片的制备与实施例8区别在于：硅基材料在负极片中的质量占比为25％。
封装膜的制备：将碳纳米管沿管径方向相互连接形成碳纤维，且碳纤维相互编织形成碳层。然后依次叠设哑光层、高分子树脂层、碳层、第一粘结层、铝箔层、第二粘结层和密封层，得到封装膜。其中，碳纳米管占保护层质量的16％。碳层的厚度为5μm，高分子树脂层的厚度为7μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
实施例12
实施例12的正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例8相同，此不赘述。
负极片的制备与实施例8区别在于：硅基材料在负极片中的质量占比为25％。
封装膜的制备与实施例8区别在于：碳纳米管占保护层质量的27％。保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
对比例1
对比例1的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：封装膜中未添加有碳纳米管，保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为67μm。
对比例2
对比例2的负极片、正极片和锂离子软包电池的制备步骤均与实施例1相同，此不赘述。
封装膜的制备与实施例1区别在于：封装膜中未添加有碳纳米管，保护层的厚度为10μm，封装膜总厚度为65μm。
将实施例1-12以及对比例1-2制备的封装膜进行拉伸强度测试和针刺强度测试，以及将实施例1-12以及对比例1-2制备的软包电池进行满充膨胀率测试，测试结果记录于表1中。
其中，拉伸强度测试采用多功能拉伸试验机进行，测试过程包括：裁切封装膜，得到长度为150mm、宽度为15mm的样品，然后将样品安装至拉伸试验机的两个夹具总，设定初始拉伸长度为50mm，以5mm/min的拉伸速度进行拉伸测试，直至样品断裂后停止拉伸。记录样品断裂时所承受的最大拉力，最大拉力和样品横截面积(可通过样品的宽度和厚度的乘积计算得到)的比值即为拉伸强度。
穿刺强度测试采用多功能拉伸试验机进行，测试步骤包括：采用球面半径0.5mm的针头，以50mm/min的速度刺穿封装膜，读取针头刺穿封装膜时拉伸试验机的数值，该数据即为穿刺强度。
满充电池膨胀率测试步骤包括：在25℃条件下，采用螺旋千分尺测试半充(50％SOC)时新鲜电池的厚度，循环至400圈时，电芯处于满充状态(100％SOC)下，再用螺旋千分尺测试此时电池的厚度，与初始半充时新鲜电池的厚度对比，即可得此时满充(50％SOC)电池膨胀率。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020090668-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020090668-appb-000002
从表1的测试结果可知，相较于对比例1-2，由于实施例1-5在高分子树脂层中添加碳纳米管，因此软包电池的膨胀得到抑制，满充膨胀率较小。相较于对比例1-2，由于实施例6-7在高分子树脂层表面添加由碳纳米管编织得到的碳层，因此软包电池的膨胀率也相对较小。因此，不论是在高分子树脂层中添加碳纳米管(以下称为：添加方式一)或是在高分子树脂层表面添加由碳纳米管编织得到的碳层(以下称为：添加方式二)，都可以较好地抑制软包电池的膨胀。
其中，实施例1-5随着碳纳米管含量的增加，封装膜的拉伸强度和针刺强度逐渐提高，软包电池的膨胀率整体呈降低趋势。然而，当碳纳米管含量增加到一定程度时(即，从40％提高到50％)，软包电池的膨胀率改善幅度变小。
实施例3和实施例6的碳纳米管分别采用添加方式一和添加方式二，在碳纳米管的含量相同的前提下，两者拉伸强度和满充膨胀 率大致相同。同样的，实施例5和实施例7的碳纳米管分别采用添加方式一和添加方式二，在碳纳米管的含量相同的前提下，两者拉伸强度和满充膨胀率大致相同。因此，表明不同的添加方式对封装膜的拉伸强度和满充膨胀率的影响不大。然而，相较于实施例3，实施例6的封装膜针刺强度提高，同样，相较于实施例5，实施例7的封装膜针刺强度也提高，这是因为针刺强度提高，这是因为碳层由碳纳米管制得的碳纤维相互编织得到，碳层结构较密实，能够阻止尖锐物质刺穿。
相较于对比例1，实施例8由于在高分子树脂层中添加了碳纳米管，因此不仅能够抑制电池的膨胀，而且能够减小封装膜的整体厚度，有利于提高电池的能量密度。
相较于实施例9，实施例10-12的负极片中硅基材料含量增加，因此若需要维持满充膨胀率<10％，不论是采用添加方式一(即实施例10、12)或是添加方式二(即实施例11)，均需要相应提高碳纳米管的含量。其中，实施例10和实施例12对比说明，当负极片中硅基材料含量增加相同的梯度时，要需要维持满充膨胀率<10％，封装膜中碳纳米管的含量需要以更高的梯度增加。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照以上较佳实施方式对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换都不应脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种封装膜，包括依次叠设的保护层、第一粘结层、金属层、第二粘结层和密封层，其特征在于，所述保护层包括高分子树脂层和碳材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述高分子树脂层和所述碳材料满足如下至少一种关系：所述碳材料位于所述高分子树脂层中或位于所述高分子树脂层的至少一个表面上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述碳材料在所述保护层中的质量比为5％至50％。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述碳材料包括碳纳米管和碳纤维中的至少一种。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述碳材料包含所述碳纤维，所述碳纤维相互连接编织形成碳层，且所述碳层位于所述高分子树脂层和所述第一粘结层之间。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述碳层的厚度为2μm至5μm。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管包括多壁碳纳米管和单壁碳纳米管中的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述保护层的厚度为7μm至16μm。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述高分子树脂层的材质包括尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述封装膜还包括哑光层，所述保护层位于所述哑光层和所述第一粘结层之间，所述哑光层的厚度为2μm至5μm。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述金属层的厚度为24μm至35μm，所述密封层的厚度为24μm至35μm。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的封装膜，其特征在于，所述密封层包 括聚丙烯。
  13. 一种电化学装置，包括电极组件，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的封装膜，所述封装膜用于封装所述电极组件。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电极组件包括正极片、隔离膜和负极片，所述隔离膜位于所述正极片和所述负极片之间，所述正极片、所述隔离膜和所述负极片经叠片或卷绕形成所述电极组件，所述负极片包括硅基材料。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述硅基材料包括硅、氧化亚硅、硅碳复合材料或氧化亚硅和碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
  16. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的电化学装置。
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