WO2021232834A1 - 滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法 - Google Patents

滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021232834A1
WO2021232834A1 PCT/CN2021/072545 CN2021072545W WO2021232834A1 WO 2021232834 A1 WO2021232834 A1 WO 2021232834A1 CN 2021072545 W CN2021072545 W CN 2021072545W WO 2021232834 A1 WO2021232834 A1 WO 2021232834A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
optical
component
optical signal
filtering
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PCT/CN2021/072545
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭强
欧阳奎
刘铭晖
操时宜
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP21809674.1A priority Critical patent/EP4145731B1/en
Publication of WO2021232834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021232834A1/zh
Priority to US17/990,331 priority patent/US12034486B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/564—Power control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • G02F1/395—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves in optical waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/2912—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing
    • H04B10/2916—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing using Raman or Brillouin amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/293—Signal power control
    • H04B10/294—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation
    • H04B10/2941—Signal power control in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation using an equalising unit, e.g. a filter

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of optical transmission technology, and in particular to a filter, an optical amplifier, a communication system, a filtering method, and an optical amplification method.
  • the communication signal may be interfered by various factors, resulting in a decrease in the communication quality of optical fiber transmission.
  • the stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect of the communication signals in the multiple frequency bands in the optical fiber and the doping used to amplify the signal Under the influence of optical fiber, the power of the communication signals in the multiple frequency bands will be different, resulting in the decrease of the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the short wave in the communication signal, and the non-linear effect of the long wave in the communication signal becomes stronger.
  • OSNR optical signal to noise ratio
  • This application provides a filter, an optical amplifier, a communication system, a filtering method, and an optical amplification method, which can solve the current problems.
  • the present application provides a filter including: a first filter component and a second filter component that are coupled.
  • the first filter component is used to receive the optical signal, and filter the optical signal based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in the multiple frequency bands in the optical signal, the first power difference including the difference caused by the first doped optical fiber.
  • the second filter component is loaded with the first driving electrical signal, the first driving electrical signal is used to control the frequency response of the second filter component, and the second filter component is used to adopt the frequency response.
  • the power difference filters the optical signal filtered by the first filter component, and the second power difference includes the difference caused by the stimulated Raman scattering effect.
  • the optical signal is filtered based on the first power difference of signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal through the first filter component, and the optical signal is controlled by the first driving electrical signal through the second filter component.
  • Frequency response filtering the optical signal filtered by the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands, which can at least reduce or even eliminate the first doped fiber and the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the optical signal In order to ensure the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the second filter component is also used to adjust the range of wavelengths allowed by the second filter component under the control of the second driving electrical signal.
  • the second driving electrical signal controls the phase of the frequency response of the second filter component, and adjusts the range of wavelengths that the second filter component allows to pass, so that the second filter component can filter the optical signals of multiple bands, which improves the Compatibility of the second filter component.
  • the filter may further include: a control component coupled with the first filter component and the second filter component, respectively.
  • the control component is used to obtain the second power difference based on the optical signal filtered by the first filter component, and provide the first driving electrical signal to the second filter component based on the second power difference.
  • the control component can detect the second power difference in real time, so as to adjust the second driving electric signal in real time according to the detected second power difference.
  • the first driving electrical signal can be adjusted in real time, so that the frequency response of the second filter component under the control of the first driving electrical signal can be more matched with the second power difference, which can effectively ensure the second filter component
  • the filtering effect For example, if the wave is increased or dropped in the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter is located, or when the configuration of the communication system where the filter is located is switched between different bands, the stimulated Raman in the communication fiber There will also be differences in the scattering effect.
  • the second power difference of the optical signal can be determined more accurately by the control component, and the first driving electrical signal is provided to the second filter component according to the second power difference to ensure the filter performance Filtering effect.
  • control component may include: a sampling structure, a detection structure, and a processing structure coupled in sequence.
  • the sampling structure is used to sample the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands in the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component.
  • the detection structure is used to obtain the power of the signal transmitted in each frequency band sampled by the sampling structure.
  • the processing structure is used to obtain a second power difference based on the power of the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands obtained by sampling, determine the first driving electrical signal based on the second power difference, and provide the first driving electrical signal to the second filter component Signal.
  • control component may include: a processing structure, a plurality of sampling structures, and a plurality of detection structures corresponding to the plurality of sampling structures, the sampling structure is coupled with the corresponding detection structure, and the plurality of detection structures are all coupled with the processing structure.
  • Each sampling structure is used to sample a signal transmitted in a frequency band in the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component.
  • Each detection structure is used to obtain the power of the signal transmitted in the frequency band sampled by the corresponding sampling structure.
  • the power of the signal acquired by each detection structure will not be affected by other signals, which can improve the accuracy of the acquired second power difference and further improve the filtering effect of the second filtering component.
  • the filter further includes: a control component coupled with the second filtering component.
  • the control component is used to obtain the second power difference based on the total input power of the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter is located and the bandwidth of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber transmission branch.
  • the two filter components provide the first driving electrical signal.
  • the frequency response of the first filter component is determined based on the power difference caused by the doped fiber for signals transmitted in a target number of frequency bands, and the target number is less than the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber. For example, the target number is half of the total.
  • the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber may vary, and when the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber is equal to the specified frequency response used to determine the first filter component
  • the smaller the difference in quantity the better the frequency response of the first filter component matches the power difference of the actual transmitted optical signal caused by the doped fiber, and the better the effect of filtering the optical signal by the first filter component. Therefore, when the frequency response of the first filter component is determined based on half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber, the frequency response of the first filter component is determined based on the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber.
  • the difference between the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber and half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber is less than the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber and the allowable fiber.
  • the difference in the total number of frequency bands passed makes the frequency response of the first filter component determined based on half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber to be more likely to match the power difference caused by the first doped fiber. Therefore, the probability that the frequency response of the first filter component matches the first power difference can be improved, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of filtering using the first filter component.
  • the first filter component includes: a gain flattening filter; and/or, the second filter component includes: a variable gain tilt filter.
  • the material of the second filter component may be one or a combination of the following: ceramic, lithium niobate electro-optical material, and button acid file electro-optical material.
  • the present application provides an optical amplifier, which includes: a coupled first doped optical fiber and the filter provided in the first aspect.
  • the first doped optical fiber is used to amplify the optical signal by using doped ions in the first doped optical fiber.
  • the optical signal is amplified by the first doped optical fiber, and the amplified optical signal is based on the first power difference of the signal transmitted by multiple frequency bands in the amplified optical signal by the first filter component.
  • the optical signal is amplified, and at least the interference of the doped fiber and the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the optical signal can be reduced or even eliminated, so as to ensure the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the optical amplifier may further include: a second doped optical fiber coupled with the filter, and the second doped optical fiber is used to saturate and amplify the optical signal filtered by the filter. Output.
  • the present application provides a communication system, and the communication system includes: the optical amplifier provided in the second aspect.
  • the filter provided in this application can be used to filter the power difference to counter the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the communication fiber.
  • the communication system further includes: multiple sections of communication optical fibers, the communication optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals, and the output end of each section of the communication optical fiber is coupled with one or more optical amplifiers.
  • the filter provided in this application can be used to pre-filter the optical signal, and the power difference of the pre-filtered optical signal can be used to counter the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the communication fiber, thereby To achieve the purpose of filtering the optical signal according to the power difference.
  • the communication system may further include: multiple sections of communication optical fibers, the communication optical fibers are used to transmit optical signals, and the input ends of each section of the communication optical fibers are coupled with one or more optical amplifiers.
  • the present application provides a filtering method applied to the filter provided in the first aspect, the filter comprising: a first filtering component and a second filtering component that are coupled, and the filtering method includes: receiving an optical signal The optical signal is filtered by the first filter component based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in the multiple frequency bands in the optical signal, the first power difference includes the difference caused by the first doped fiber; the second filter component is The frequency response controlled by a driving electrical signal is used to filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands.
  • the second power difference includes the effect caused by stimulated Raman scattering. difference.
  • the filtering method further includes: adjusting the second driving electrical signal provided to the second filtering component to adjust the range of wavelengths allowed by the second filtering component.
  • the filter further includes: a control component respectively coupled with the first filter component and the second filter component.
  • the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal through the second filter component is based on the transmission of multiple frequency bands.
  • the filtering method further includes: obtaining the second power difference by the control component based on the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component; The two power differences provide the first driving electrical signal to the second filter component.
  • obtaining the second power difference based on the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component includes: sampling signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands in the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component; obtaining samples Obtain the power of the signal transmitted in each frequency band; and obtain the second power difference based on the power of the signal transmitted in two or more frequency bands obtained by sampling.
  • providing the first drive electrical signal to the second filter component based on the second power difference includes: determining the first drive electrical signal based on the second power difference; and providing the first drive electrical signal to the second filter component.
  • filtering The method further includes: obtaining a second power difference based on the total input power of the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter is located and the bandwidth of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber transmission branch; determining the first driving electrical signal based on the second power difference; The two filter components provide the first driving electrical signal.
  • the present application provides an optical amplification method, which is applied to the optical amplifier provided in the second aspect, and the optical amplifier includes: a coupled first doped optical fiber and the filter provided in the first aspect.
  • the amplifying method includes: using the first doped fiber to amplify the optical signal; using a filter to filter the optical signal after the first doped fiber is amplified, using the filtering method provided in the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides a storage medium, which implements the filtering method provided in the fourth aspect when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor.
  • a first computer program product containing instructions is provided.
  • the computer executes the filtering method provided in the fourth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum of an optical signal provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency response of a first filter component provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum of an optical signal filtered by a first filtering component according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the frequency response of a second filter component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum of an optical signal filtered by a second filtering component according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another filter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another filter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of still another filter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another filter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical amplifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical amplifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another optical amplifier provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application being switched from C-band to C+L-band;
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a filtering method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a second power difference by a control component based on an optical signal filtered by a first filtering component according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of an optical amplification method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the C-band, L-band and super C-band are different transmission frequency bands.
  • the C-band is a frequency band with wavelengths ranging from 1530 nm to 1565 nm
  • the L-band is a frequency band with wavelengths ranging from 1565-1625 nm.
  • Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect After the high-intensity laser and material molecules interact strongly, the scattering process has the nature of stimulated emission. The scattered light of this stimulated emission is Raman scattering. Light, so this kind of nonlinear optical effect is called stimulated Raman scattering effect. The stimulated Raman scattering effect will affect the power of the transmitted optical signal. Moreover, the stimulated Raman scattering effect has different effects on the power of optical signals transmitted in different frequency bands.
  • the initial powers of the optical signals of the multiple frequency bands are the same, that is, the slope of the initial power spectrum of the optical signals of multiple frequency bands is 0, and the Under the influence of the Mann scattering effect, the power of the optical signal in multiple frequency bands will be affected to different degrees, so that the slope of the power spectrum of the optical signal in multiple frequency bands changes from 0 to a positive number, that is, the power spectrum is inclined.
  • Optical signal to noise ratio The ratio between the power of an optical signal and the noise power in 0.1 nanometer (nm).
  • the optical signal-to-noise ratio is used to measure the quality of the optical signal. The higher the optical signal-to-noise ratio, the better the quality of the optical signal.
  • Electro-optic materials Optical functional materials with electro-optic effects.
  • the electro-optic effect of electro-optic materials can be used to modulate the optical signal.
  • the electro-optic effect refers to the phenomenon that the refractive index of a material changes under the action of an external electric field.
  • optical fiber transmission links In the process of optical fiber transmission, it is of great significance to ensure the signal quality of optical signals.
  • the optical signal will experience signal attenuation during the transmission process.
  • communication operators will also set up optical amplifiers in the communication transmission link to amplify the optical signals so that the optical signals transmitted to the destination can meet the usage requirements.
  • the deployment of communication fibers and optical amplifiers in optical fiber transmission links is as follows: after the optical signal is sent from the transmitter, the optical signal is first transmitted by a certain length of communication optical fiber, and then the optical amplifier is used to transmit the optical signal through the communication optical fiber. Amplify the optical signal, and then transmit the optical signal through a certain length of communication fiber, and then use the optical amplifier to amplify the optical signal transmitted through the communication fiber, and so on, until the optical signal is transmitted to the destination (such as receiving machine).
  • the optical signal may be interfered by many factors, which may also cause the signal quality of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber to decrease.
  • the power of the short-wave in the optical signal changes to the long-wave Transfer, so that the power of the optical signals of the M frequency bands becomes P1', P2',..., PM' in turn, and P1' ⁇ P2' ⁇ ... ⁇ PM', and that is
  • the power of the optical signals in the M frequency bands is different, which causes the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the short wave in the optical signal to decrease, and at the same time, the nonlinear effect of the long wave in the optical signal becomes stronger.
  • signals in multiple frequency bands that are simultaneously transmitted using the same optical fiber are used to carry different information.
  • the filter 112 includes: a first filter component 112a and a second filter component 112b that are coupled.
  • the first filtering component 112a is configured to receive an optical signal, and filter the optical signal based on the first power difference of signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal.
  • the first power difference includes the difference caused by the first doped optical fiber 111.
  • the power difference refers to the difference between the power of signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands.
  • the second filter component 112b is loaded with a first drive electrical signal, the first drive electrical signal is used to control the frequency response of the second filter component 112b, and the second filter component 112b is used to adopt the frequency response controlled by the first drive electrical signal,
  • the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component 112a is filtered based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in the multiple frequency bands.
  • the second power difference includes the difference caused by the stimulated Raman scattering effect.
  • the optical signal is filtered by the first filter component 112a based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal, and the second filter component 112b is used to filter the optical signal.
  • the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal is based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands to filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component 112a, which can at least reduce or even eliminate the doped fiber and the stimulated optical signal.
  • Raman scattering effect on optical signal interference for example, the power difference of signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal output by filter 112 can be less than ⁇ 3 decibels (db), which can ensure the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal .
  • the first filter component 112a may have a fixed frequency response, and the frequency response may be determined according to the first power difference generated by the optical signal. Therefore, when the optical signal passes through the first filter component 112a, the effect of filtering the optical signal can be achieved under the action of the frequency response of the first filter component 112a.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power spectrum of an optical signal. According to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the gain unevenness of the optical signal is d1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the frequency response of the first filter component 112a. A schematic diagram of the power spectrum of the optical signal filtered by the filtering component 112a. According to FIG.
  • the gain unevenness of the optical signal filtered by the first filter component 112a is d2, and d2 ⁇ d1, that is, the first filter component 112a compensates for the power difference of the optical signal. Therefore, it can be determined that the first filter component 112a has The frequency response of a filter component 112a acts on the optical signal to achieve the effect of filtering the optical signal.
  • the first power difference of the optical signal may be estimated in advance, and then the frequency response of the first filter component 112a is determined according to the first power difference, so as to ensure that the first filter component 112a is used to perform the first power difference of the optical signal.
  • the filtering effect of filtering For example, when the first power difference is the difference caused by the doped fiber, when a doped fiber with a certain doping concentration is used to amplify the optical signal transmitted in a certain frequency band, the doping concentration of the doped fiber is determined , And the frequency band of the amplified optical signal is determined. Therefore, the first power difference generated by the optical signal under the action of the doped fiber can be estimated according to the doping concentration and frequency. It should be noted that when the first power difference also includes a difference caused by other factors, the first power difference can also be estimated according to the other factors, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the frequency response of the first filter component 112a can be determined based on the power difference caused by the doped fiber in the signal transmitted by the target number of frequency bands in the optical signal, and the target number is less than the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber.
  • the target number can be half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber. For example, when using optical fiber to transmit C-band optical signals, the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber is 80, and the power difference of the signals transmitted by the 40 frequency bands caused by the doped fiber can be used to determine the power of the first filter component 112a. Frequency response.
  • the frequency response of the first filter element 112a needs to be preset before the first filter element 112a is put into use, and the frequency response of the first filter element 112a is based on the transmission of a specified number of frequency bands in the optical signal allowed by the doped fiber.
  • the signal is determined by the power difference caused by the doped fiber.
  • the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber may change, and when the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber is equal to the designation used to determine the frequency response of the first filter component 112a
  • the smaller the difference in quantity the better the frequency response of the first filter component 112a matches the power difference of the actual transmitted optical signal caused by the doped fiber, and the better the effect of filtering the optical signal by the first filter component 112a.
  • the frequency response of the first filter element 112a is determined according to half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber, compared to the frequency response of the first filter element 112a determined according to the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber, the frequency response of the first filter element 112a The difference between the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber and half of the total number of frequency bands allowed by the doped fiber is less than the total number of frequency bands of the optical signals actually transmitted in the doped fiber and the doped fiber.
  • the difference in the total number of frequency bands allowed to pass by the optical fiber makes the frequency response of the first filter component 112a determined according to half of the total number of frequency bands allowed to pass through the doped optical fiber more likely to match the power difference caused by the first doped optical fiber. Accordingly, the probability that the frequency response of the first filtering component 112a matches the first power difference can be improved, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of filtering using the first filtering component 112a.
  • the matching of the frequency response of the first filter component 112a with the first power difference means that after the optical signal is filtered by the first filter 112, the first power difference can be completely eliminated.
  • the frequency response of the second filter component 112b can be controlled by the first driving electrical signal.
  • the effect of filtering the optical signal can be achieved under the action of the frequency response of the first filter component 112a.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power spectrum of the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component 112a. According to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the power spectrum of the optical signal still has a certain degree of tilt, and the gain unevenness of the optical signal is d2. The uneven gain may be caused by the stimulated Raman scattering effect. Therefore, the second filter component 112b may be used to filter the optical signal.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the frequency response of the second filtering component 112b.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the power spectrum of the optical signal filtered by the second filtering component 112b. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the gain unevenness of the optical signal filtered by the second filter component 112b is d3, and d3 ⁇ d2, that is, the second filter component 112b compensates for the power difference of the optical signal. Therefore, it can be determined to pass the first The frequency response of the second filter component 112b acts on the optical signal to achieve the effect of filtering the optical signal.
  • the second power difference of the optical signal may be obtained in advance, and then the first driving signal is determined based on the second power difference, and then the first driving electrical signal is provided to the second filter component 112b, so that the second filter component 112b
  • the frequency response under the control of the first driving electrical signal is used to filter the second power difference of the optical signal to ensure the filtering effect of filtering the second power difference of the optical signal by using the second filter component 112b.
  • the second power difference when the second power difference is a difference caused by the stimulated Raman scattering effect, the second power difference can be obtained according to factors that affect the strength of the stimulated Raman scattering effect.
  • the second power difference can be estimated in real time during the use of the filter 112, so as to dynamically adjust the first driving electrical signal according to the second power difference. At this time, it can be estimated based on the actual total input power of the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter 112 is located, the bandwidth of the optical signal actually transmitted by the optical fiber transmission branch, and the total length of the communication fiber 12 that causes the stimulated Raman scattering effect. 2. Power difference.
  • the second power difference is obtained according to the real-time condition of the optical fiber transmitted by the optical signal to dynamically adjust the first driving electrical signal, so that the frequency response of the second filter component 112b under the control of the first driving electrical signal is different from the second power It can be more matched and can effectively ensure the filtering effect of the second filtering component 112b.
  • the second power difference may be detected in real time, so as to adjust the second driving electrical signal in real time according to the detected second power difference.
  • the first driving electrical signal can be adjusted in real time, so that the frequency response of the second filter component 112b under the control of the first driving electrical signal can be more matched with the second power difference, which can effectively ensure the second filtering The filtering effect of the component 112b.
  • the filter 112 may further include: a control component 112c.
  • the foregoing operation of obtaining the second power difference, determining the first driving electrical signal based on the second power difference, and providing the first driving electrical signal to the second filter component 112b may be performed by the control component 112c.
  • control component 112c is also different.
  • control component 112c may be coupled with the second filtering component 112b, and the control component 112c may obtain the second power difference .
  • the first driving electrical signal may be determined based on the second power difference, and the first driving electrical signal may be provided to the second filter component 112b.
  • the optical signal filtered by a filter component 112a is detected in real time to obtain the second power difference, and then the first driving electrical signal is determined based on the second power difference, and the first driving electrical signal is provided to the second filter component 112b.
  • control component 112c includes: a sampling structure 112c1, a detection structure 112c2, and a processing structure 112c3 coupled in sequence, and the functions of each structure are as follows:
  • the sampling structure 112c1 is used to sample the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands in the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component 112a.
  • the sampling structure 112c1 may be a filter.
  • the detection structure 112c2 is used to obtain the power of the signal transmitted in each frequency band sampled by the sampling structure 112c1.
  • the detection structure 112c2 may be a photodetector 114 (photodetector).
  • the processing structure 112c3 is used to obtain the second power difference based on the power of the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands obtained by sampling, determine the first driving electrical signal based on the second power difference, and provide the first filter component 112b with the first Drive electrical signals.
  • the processing structure 112c3 may store the corresponding relationship between the power difference and the drive signal. After the processing structure 112c3 obtains the second power difference, the corresponding relationship may be queried according to the second power difference to obtain the The first driving electrical signal corresponding to the second power difference.
  • the control component 112c may include: a processing structure 112c3, a plurality of sampling structures 112c1, and a plurality of detection structures 112c2 corresponding to the plurality of sampling structures 112c1, the sampling structure 112c1 is coupled with the corresponding detection structure 112c2 , The multiple detection structures 112c2 are all coupled with the processing structure 112c3.
  • each sampling structure 112c1 is used to sample a signal transmitted in a frequency band from the optical signal filtered by the first filtering component 112a.
  • each detection structure 112c2 is used to obtain the power of the signal transmitted in the frequency band sampled by the corresponding sampling structure 112c1. In this way, the power of the signal acquired by each detection structure 112c2 will not be affected by other signals, which can improve the accuracy of the acquired second power difference and further improve the filtering effect of the second filtering component 112b.
  • the filtering principle of the filter 112 will be described below by taking the filter 112 shown in FIG. 10 as an example.
  • the first filtering component 112a may filter the optical signal based on the first power difference.
  • a part of the signal filtered by the first filter component 112a enters the second filter component 112b, and the other part enters the multiple sampling structures 112c1.
  • Each sampling structure 112c1 samples a signal transmitted in a frequency band in the filtered optical signal, and couples the sampled signal to its corresponding detection structure 112c2.
  • the detection structure 112c2 obtains the power of the signal coupled to the detection structure 112c2, and feeds the power of the signal back to the processing structure 112c3.
  • the processing structure 112c3 determines the second power difference according to the power of the signals transmitted in the multiple frequency bands fed back by the multiple detection structures 112c2, and queries the corresponding relationship between the power difference and the driving electrical signal according to the second power difference, so as to obtain the second power difference for control
  • the first driving electrical signal of the second filtering component 112b is provided, and the first driving electrical signal is provided to the second filtering component 112b.
  • the second filter component 112b uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving signal to filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component 112a.
  • the second filter component 112b may be made of an electro-optical material having an electro-optical coefficient.
  • the first driving electrical signal to control the frequency response of the second filter component 112b may be implemented as follows: the first driving signal adjusts the frequency response of the second filter component 112b through the electro-optical coefficient of the second filter component 112b.
  • the second filter component 112b may be made of an electro-optical material with a higher electro-optical coefficient.
  • the rated electro-optical coefficient of the electro-optical material of the second filter component 112b may be greater than 1*10 -16 per square volt square meter (m 2 /V 2 ).
  • the material of the second filter component 112b may be one or a combination of the following: ceramic, lithium niobate electro-optical material, and button acid file electro-optical material.
  • the filter 112 can be used to filter optical signals in different bands or different frequency bands. For example, it can be used to filter C-band optical signals, L-band optical signals, super C-band optical signals, and C-band+L-band optical signals. The filtering of signals, C-band optical signals + L-band optical signals + super C-band optical signals, and higher frequency optical signals ensures the use range of the filter 112.
  • the first filtering component 112a may include: a gain flattening filter (GFF).
  • the second filtering component 112b may include: a variable gain tilt filter (VGTF).
  • GFF gain flattening filter
  • VGTF variable gain tilt filter
  • the second filter component 112b filters the optical signal based on the second power difference by controlling the amplitude of the frequency response of the second filter component 112b by the first driving electrical signal.
  • the frequency response of the variable gain tilt filter is a sine wave
  • the frequency response of the variable gain tilt filter can be controlled by the first driving electrical signal. Amplitude, the filtering effect of the variable gain tilt filter on the optical signal can be adjusted, the phase of the frequency response of the variable gain tilt filter can be controlled by the second drive signal, and the wavelength range allowed by the second filter component 112b can be adjusted , So that the second filtering component 112b can be used to filter optical signals of different wavelength bands.
  • the optical signal is filtered based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal through the first filter component, and the second filter component is used to filter the optical signal.
  • the frequency response controlled by a driving electrical signal is used to filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands, which can at least reduce or even eliminate the doped fiber and stimulated Raman scattering The effect of the interference on the optical signal, so as to ensure the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the optical amplifier 11 may include: an optical isolator 113, an optical detector 114, a pump laser 115, a controller 116, a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) 117, a first doping
  • the optical fiber 111 and the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application are coupled.
  • the optical isolator 113 is coupled to the wavelength division multiplexer 117
  • the optical detector 114 is coupled to the controller 116
  • the pump laser 115 is coupled to the controller 116 and the wavelength division multiplexer 117 respectively.
  • the user 117 and the filter 112 are coupled.
  • the principle of amplifying the optical signal by the optical amplifier 11 is that a part of the optical signal after being split by the optical splitter enters the optical isolator 113, and the other part enters the optical detector 114.
  • the optical isolator 113 is used to isolate the optical signal to prevent the optical signal entering the optical amplifier 11 from being backscattered from the optical amplifier 11 to the communication fiber 12, thereby ensuring the transmission quality of the optical signal.
  • the optical detector 114 is used to detect the input power of the optical signal input to the optical amplifier 11 and feed back the input power to the controller 116.
  • the controller 116 is used to control the output power of the pump laser 115 according to the input power of the optical amplifier 11, so that the amplification gains of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal amplified by the first doped fiber 111 are basically the same, that is, The amplification of the optical signal by the first doped fiber 111 is in a gain-locked mode.
  • the pump light emitted by the pump laser 115 and the optical signal entering the optical isolator 113 are coupled by the wavelength division multiplexer 117 and then enter the first doped fiber 111.
  • the doped ions in the first doped fiber 111 are in the pump light. Under the action of, it transitions from a low energy level to a high energy level and transforms into an excited state.
  • the high energy level doped ions can return to the ground state from the excited state under the action of the optical signal incident on the first doped optical fiber 111, and In the process of returning to the excited state, the doped ions emit photons with the same frequency as the optical signal, so that the optical signal can be amplified.
  • the first filter component 112a can filter the optical signal based on the first power difference of the optical signal, and the filtered optical signal enters the second filter component 112b
  • the second filtering component 112b may filter the optical signal based on the second power difference of the optical signal, so that the power of the signal transmitted in the multiple frequency bands in the amplified optical signal is substantially the same.
  • the structure composed of the pump laser 115, the wavelength division multiplexer 117, and the doped fiber may be referred to as the first-level amplifying structure of the optical amplifier 11.
  • the optical amplifier 11 may have more stages in addition to the first-stage amplification structure (as shown by the dashed box M1 in FIG. 11).
  • Amplifying structure each level of amplifying structure includes doped fiber for amplifying optical signals.
  • the output end of the amplifying structure can also be coupled with the filter 112, so that the filter 112 can be used to perform the amplification of the signal amplified by the amplifying structure.
  • the optical signal filtered and filtered by the filter 112 is coupled to the next-stage amplifying structure.
  • the optical amplifier 11 may further include a second-stage amplifying structure coupled with the filter 112 (as shown by the dashed box M2 in FIG. 12).
  • the second-stage amplifying structure includes a second doped optical fiber 113, and the second doped optical fiber 113 is used to saturate and amplify the optical signal filtered by the filter 112 and output it.
  • the second-stage amplifying structure performs saturation amplification on the optical signal, the optical signal after being amplified by the second-stage amplifying structure does not have a power difference. Therefore, there is no need to provide the filter 112 after the second-stage amplifying structure.
  • the optical amplifier 11 may further include: a second-stage amplifying structure coupled with the filter 112 (such as 13), another filter 112 coupled with the second-stage amplifying structure, and a third-stage amplifying structure coupled with another filter 112 (shown by the dashed box M3 in FIG. 13).
  • the second-stage amplifying structure includes a second doped fiber 113, which is used to amplify and output the optical signal filtered by the filter 112.
  • the other filter 112 is used to filter and output the optical signal amplified by the second-stage amplifying structure.
  • the third-stage amplifying structure includes a third doped optical fiber 114, and the third doped optical fiber 114 is used to saturate and amplify the optical signal filtered by another filter 112 and output it.
  • the above-mentioned doped optical fiber may be an erbium-doped optical fiber doped with a small amount of erbium ions.
  • the optical amplifier 11 may be an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).
  • the doped fiber may also be a doped fiber doped with other rare earth element ions, and when the doped ions in the doped fiber are different, the band of the signal covered by the gain spectrum of the amplifier including the doped fiber is different .
  • the optical signal is amplified by the first doped fiber, and the first filter component is based on the first signal transmitted by the multiple frequency bands in the amplified optical signal.
  • the power difference, the amplified optical signal is filtered, the frequency response of the second filter component is controlled by the first driving electrical signal, and the first filter component is filtered based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands
  • the optical signal can be filtered to amplify the optical signal, and at least can reduce or even eliminate the interference of the doped fiber and the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the optical signal, thereby ensuring the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, which may include: a communication optical fiber and the optical amplifier provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication fiber is used to transmit optical signals.
  • the optical amplifier is used to amplify and filter the optical signal.
  • the communication system can be deployed in multiple ways.
  • the embodiment of the present application uses the following two deployment modes as examples to illustrate them.
  • the communication system may include multiple sections of communication optical fibers, and the output end of each section of the communication optical fibers is coupled with one or more optical amplifiers.
  • the filter provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to filter the power difference to counter the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the communication fiber.
  • the C-band optical signal is first amplified by an optical amplifier 14a in the related art for amplifying the C-band optical signal, and It can be seen from the slope of the line connecting the multiple arrows at a1 in Fig. 14 that the power spectrum of the amplified C-band optical signal is also flat.
  • the optical amplifier 14b used to amplify the L-band optical signal in the related art is used to amplify the L-band optical signal.
  • the slope of the connection of the multiple arrows is 0. It can be seen that the power spectrum of the amplified L-band optical signal is also flat.
  • the length of each arrow in FIG. 14 is used to indicate the power of the signal transmitted in one frequency band in the optical signal.
  • the amplified C-band optical signal and the L-band optical signal are coupled to the communication optical fiber 12 through the optical division multiplexer 15.
  • the power of the signal transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the C-band optical signal has a difference.
  • the difference can be more from a3 in Figure 14.
  • the slope of the connection of the two arrows is positive.
  • the slope of the connection of the multiple arrows at a4 in Figure 14 is positive. It can be seen that the power of the signal transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the L-band optical signal is also different. .
  • the C-band optical signal and the L-band optical signal are separated by the optical division multiplexer 15, and the C-band optical signal is coupled to the optical amplifier 11 provided in the embodiment of the present application for amplifying the C-band optical signal (as shown in FIG. 14
  • the medium optical amplifier 11a couples the L-band optical signal to the optical amplifier 11 provided in the embodiment of the present application for amplifying the L-band optical signal (the optical amplifier 11b in FIG. 14).
  • the C-band optical signal is amplified by the first doped optical fiber 111 in the optical amplifier 11a for amplifying the C-band optical signal provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first power difference of, and the second power difference of signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the C-band optical signal caused by the communication optical fiber 12 is reduced or even eliminated by the second filter component 112b.
  • the slope of the connection line of the multiple arrows at a5 in FIG. 14 is 0 that the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application compensates for the second power difference in the C-band optical signal.
  • the optical amplifier 11b provided in the embodiment of the present application for amplifying the L-band optical signal
  • the L-band optical signal caused by the communication fiber 12 is reduced or even eliminated.
  • the filtered C-band optical signal and the filtered L-band optical signal are coupled to the communication optical fiber 12 through the optical division multiplexer 15.
  • the output end of each piece of communication optical fiber 12 is coupled with an optical amplifier 11 until it reaches the receiving end of the optical signal.
  • the C-band optical signal filtered by the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application is coupled to the C-band receiver 16a
  • the L-band optical signal filtered by the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application is The signal is coupled to the L-band receiver 16b.
  • the communication system 1 may include multiple sections of communication optical fibers 12, and the input end of each section of the communication optical fibers 12 is coupled with one or more optical amplifiers 11.
  • the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application is first used to pre-filter the optical signal, and the power difference of the pre-filtered optical signal is used to combat the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the communication fiber 12. , So as to achieve the purpose of filtering the optical signal according to the power difference.
  • each communication optical fiber 12 coupled with an optical amplifier 11, and using the optical fiber to transmit C-band optical signals and L-band optical signals at the same time as an example, the first deployment method of the communication system 1 is carried out. illustrate.
  • the C-band optical signal is first coupled to the optical amplifier 11 for amplifying the C-band optical signal provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the C-band optical signal is amplified by the first doped fiber 111 in the optical amplifier 11a.
  • the amplified C-band optical signal is pre-filtered by the filter 112 in the optical amplifier 11a, so that the signal transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the filtered C-band optical signal has a power difference.
  • the filter 112 provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes the pre-filtering of the C-band optical signal.
  • the length of each arrow in FIG. 15 is used to indicate the power of the signal transmitted in one frequency band in the optical signal.
  • the L-band optical signal is first coupled to the optical amplifier 11b provided in the embodiment of the present application for amplifying the L-band optical signal, and passes through the L-band optical signal.
  • the L-band optical signal after the optical amplifier 11b has to be amplified and filtered, there is a power difference in signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands.
  • the pre-filtered C-band optical signal and the pre-filtered L-band optical signal are coupled to the communication optical fiber 12 through the optical division multiplexer 15.
  • the influence of the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the power of the C-band optical signal, and pre-filtering make the C-band optical signal appear
  • the power difference between the two offsets each other, so that the power spectrum of the C-band optical signal transmitted through the communication fiber 12 is restored flat. This effect can be seen from the slope of the connection of the multiple arrows at b3 in FIG. 15 is 0.
  • the influence of the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the power of the L-band optical signal is offset by the power difference of the L-band optical signal caused by the pre-filtering. , So that the power spectrum of the L-band optical signal transmitted through the communication fiber 12 is restored to be flat. This effect can be seen from the slope of the connection of the multiple arrows at b4 in FIG. 15 being 0.
  • the C-band optical signal and the L-band optical signal are separated from the communication fiber 12 by the optical division multiplexer 15, and the C-band optical signal is coupled to the C-band optical signal provided in the embodiment of the application for amplifying the C-band optical signal.
  • the optical amplifier 11 couples the L-band optical signal to the optical amplifier 11 provided in the embodiment of the present application for amplifying the L-band optical signal.
  • each communication fiber 12 is coupled with an optical amplifier 11 until it reaches the receiving end of the optical signal, and then the C-band optical signal and the L-band optical signal are separated from the communication fiber 12 by the optical division multiplexer 15
  • the C-band optical signal is coupled to the related art optical amplifier 14a for amplifying the C-band optical signal
  • the L-band optical signal is coupled to the related art optical amplifier 14b for amplifying the L-band optical signal
  • the filter 112 in the communication system 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes the control component 112c shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, since the control component 112c can obtain the second power of the optical signal in real time
  • the difference is that if there is a wave increase or drop in the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter 112 is located, or when the configuration of the communication system 1 is switched between different wavebands, the stimulated Raman scattering in the communication optical fiber 12 The effect will also be different.
  • the second power difference of the optical signal can be more accurately determined by the control component 112c, and the first driving electrical signal is provided to the second filter component 112b according to the second power difference to ensure the filter 112's filtering effect.
  • the total power of the optical signal after passing through the optical add/drop multiplexer drops, so that the dropped signal is in communication.
  • the stimulated Raman scattering effect in the optical fiber is less than the stimulated Raman scattering effect of the signal without wave drop in the communication fiber.
  • the signal after the wave drop The power difference after passing through the communication optical fiber is smaller than the power difference after passing through the communication optical fiber without dropping the wave.
  • the influence of the wave on the stimulated Raman scattering effect can be tracked in real time, and the first driving electrical signal provided to the second filter component 112b can be adjusted to ensure the filter 112's filtering effect.
  • the wave drop at the optical add/drop multiplexer means that the light waves in the optical signal are shunted to other optical fiber transmission branches at the optical add/drop multiplexer.
  • the total power of the optical signal after passing through the optical add/drop multiplexer increases, so that the increased signal is stimulated in the communication fiber.
  • the Raman scattering effect is greater than the stimulated Raman scattering effect of the unenhanced signal in the communication fiber.
  • the power difference of the enhanced signal after passing through the communication fiber Greater than the power difference of the unamplified signal after passing through the communication fiber.
  • the influence of the booster on the stimulated Raman scattering effect can be tracked in real time, and the first driving electrical signal provided to the second filter component 112b can be adjusted to ensure the filter 112's filtering effect.
  • the wave increase at the optical add/drop multiplexer refers to the convergence of multiple optical signals at the optical add/drop multiplexer to the same optical fiber transmission branch.
  • the slope of the second power difference of the C-band optical signal is K1
  • the slope of the second power difference of the C-band + L-band optical signal is K2
  • K1 ⁇ K2 the slope of the second power difference of the C-band + L-band optical signal
  • the optical signal is amplified by the doped optical fiber, and the first filter component is used based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the amplified optical signal.
  • Filtering the amplified optical signal using the frequency response of the second filtering component controlled by the first driving electrical signal, and filtering the light filtered by the first filtering component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands
  • the signal filtering can amplify the optical signal, and at least reduce or even eliminate the interference of the doped fiber and the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the optical signal, thereby ensuring the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a filtering method, which is applied to the filter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the filtering method includes:
  • Step 1701 Receive an optical signal.
  • Step 1702 Filter the optical signal based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in the multiple frequency bands in the optical signal by the first filtering component.
  • the first power difference includes the difference caused by the first doped optical fiber.
  • Step 1703 Adjust the second driving electrical signal provided to the second filter component to adjust the range of wavelengths allowed by the second filter component.
  • this step 1703 is an optional step, and it can be determined whether to execute this step according to application requirements. For example, if the second drive signal provided to the second filter component is not adjusted, the wavelength range allowed by the second filter component has covered the wavelength return of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber transmission branch where the second filter component is located. Yes, and there is no need to perform this step 1703.
  • Step 1704 Obtain a second power difference by the control component based on the optical signal filtered by the first filter component.
  • the deployment mode of the control component when the deployment mode of the control component is different, the implementation mode of this step 1704 is different.
  • control component when the control component is coupled with the second filter component, the control component can be based on parameters such as the total input power of the optical fiber transmission branch where the filter is located and the bandwidth of the optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber transmission branch, etc. Obtain the second power difference.
  • the control component when the control component is respectively coupled with the first filter component and the second filter component, the control component can detect the second power difference of the optical signal filtered by the first filter component in real time.
  • the control component when the control component includes a sampling structure, a detection structure, and a processing structure that are sequentially coupled, as shown in FIG. 18, the implementation process of this step 1704 may include:
  • Step 1704a The sampling structure samples the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands in the optical signal filtered by the first filter component.
  • Step 1704b1 The detection structure obtains the sampled power of the signal transmitted in each frequency band.
  • Step 1704c1 The processing structure obtains a second power difference based on the power of the signals transmitted in two or more frequency bands obtained by sampling.
  • Step 1705 Provide the first driving electrical signal to the second filter component through the control component based on the second power difference.
  • this step 1705 may be executed by the processing structure.
  • step 1704 and step 1705 are optional steps, and it can be determined whether to execute this step according to application requirements. For example, when the filter does not include a control component, for example, when a fixed-size first driving electrical signal is loaded to the second filter module, there is no need to perform step 1704 and step 1705.
  • Step 1706 Filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted by the multiple frequency bands based on the frequency response of the second filter component controlled by the first driving electrical signal, and the second power difference Including the difference caused by the stimulated Raman scattering effect.
  • the optical signal is filtered based on the first power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the optical signal by the first filtering component, and the second filtering component is used for filtering the optical signal.
  • the frequency response controlled by a driving electrical signal is used to filter the optical signal filtered by the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands, which can at least reduce or even eliminate the doped fiber and stimulated Raman scattering The effect of the interference on the optical signal, so as to ensure the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an optical amplifying method, which is applied to the optical amplifier provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical amplification method includes:
  • Step 1901 Amplify the optical signal by using the first doped fiber.
  • Step 1902 Use a filter to filter the optical signal amplified by the first doped fiber by using the filtering method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the optical signal is amplified by the first doped optical fiber, and the first filter component is used based on the first filter component of the signal transmitted in multiple frequency bands in the amplified optical signal.
  • a power difference, filtering the amplified optical signal, and filtering the first filter component based on the second power difference of the signals transmitted in multiple frequency bands through the frequency response of the second filter component controlled by the first driving electrical signal After filtering the optical signal, the optical signal can be amplified, and at least the interference of the doped fiber and the stimulated Raman scattering effect on the optical signal can be reduced or even eliminated, thereby ensuring the signal quality of the transmitted optical signal.
  • the second filter component uses the frequency response controlled by the first driving electrical signal to filter the optical signal, the cost of the second filter component is reduced, and the optical signal can be controlled while ensuring the filtering effect of the optical signal. The cost of the filter.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium, which is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor, the filtering method as provided in the embodiment of the present application is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions.
  • the computer program product When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer executes the filtering method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
  • the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the term “at least one” refers to one or more, and the term “plurality” refers to two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise.

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Abstract

一种滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法、光放大方法及存储介质。该滤波器包括耦合的第一滤波组件（112a）和第二滤波组件（112b），其中，第一滤波组件（112a）用于接收光信号，基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异。第二滤波组件（112b）上加载有第一驱动电信号，第一驱动电信号用于控制第二滤波组件（112b）的频率响应，第二滤波组件（112b）用于采用频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件（112a）滤波后的光信号进行滤波，第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。该滤波器保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。

Description

滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法
本申请要求于2020年5月19日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202010423345.3、发明名称为“滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光传输技术领域，特别涉及一种滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法。
背景技术
目前，各大通信运营商均使用光纤传输通信信号。而保证通信信号在光纤传输过程中的信号质量是各大通信运营商保证服务质量的重要手段。
然而，在光纤传输通信信号的过程中，通信信号可能受到多种因素的干扰，导致光纤传输的通信质量下降。例如，对于同时使用同一根光纤传输的多个频带的通信信号，该多个频带的通信信号在光纤的受激拉曼散射(Stimulated Raman Scattering,SRS)效应和用于对信号进行放大的掺杂光纤的影响下，该多个频带的通信信号的功率会出现差异，导致通信信号中短波的光信噪比(optical signal to noise ratio，OSNR)下降，同时通信信号中长波的非线性效应变强。
因此，提出一种对通信信号进行滤波的滤波器，对保证光纤传输过程中的信号质量具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法，可以解决目前的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种滤波器，该滤波器包括：耦合的第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件。其中，第一滤波组件用于接收光信号，基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异。第二滤波组件上加载有第一驱动电信号，第一驱动电信号用于控制第二滤波组件的频率响应，第二滤波组件用于采用频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
在本申请提供的滤波器中，通过第一滤波组件基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，至少能够降低甚至消除第一掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
可选的，第二滤波组件还用于在第二驱动电信号的控制下，调整第二滤波组件允许通过 的波长的范围。
通过第二驱动电信号控制第二滤波组件的频率响应的相位，对第二滤波组件允许通过的波长的范围进行调整，使得第二滤波组件能够对多个波段的光信号进行滤波，提高了该第二滤波组件的兼容性。
并且，在一种可实现方式中，滤波器还可以包括：分别与第一滤波组件、第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件。该控制组件用于基于第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取第二功率差异，基于第二功率差异向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
该控制组件能够实时检测第二功率差异，以根据检测到的第二功率差异实时调整第二驱动电信号。通过实时检测第二功率差异，以实时调整第一驱动电信号，使得在第一驱动电信号控制下的第二滤波组件的频率响应与第二功率差异能够更匹配，能够有效保证第二滤波组件的滤波效果。例如，若滤波器所在的光纤传输支路中出现增波或掉波的情况，或者，当滤波器所在的通信系统的配置在不同的波段之间进行切换时，通信光纤中的受激拉曼散射效应也会出现差异，此时，通过控制组件能够较准确地确定光信号的第二功率差异，并根据该第二功率差异向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号，以保证滤波器的滤波效果。
其中，控制组件可以包括：依次耦合的采样结构、探测结构和处理结构。采样结构用于在第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号。探测结构用于获取采样结构采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率。处理结构用于基于采样得到的两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取第二功率差异，基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
进一步的，控制组件可以包括：一个处理结构、多个采样结构和与多个采样结构对应的多个探测结构，采样结构与对应的探测结构耦合，多个探测结构均与处理结构耦合。每个采样结构用于在第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样一个频带所传输的信号。每个探测结构用于获取对应的采样结构采样得到的频带所传输的信号的功率。
这样一来，各个探测结构获取的信号的功率不会受到其他信号的影响，能够提高获取的第二功率差异的准确性，进一步提高第二滤波组件的滤波效果。
在另一种可实现方式中，滤波器还包括：与第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件。控制组件用于基于滤波器所在光纤传输支路的总输入功率和光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的频带宽度，获取第二功率差异，基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
可选的，第一滤波组件的频率响应基于目标数量个频带所传输的信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异确定，该目标数量小于掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数。示例的，目标数量为总数的一半。
通常的，由于掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数可能会发生变化，且当掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数与用于确定第一滤波组件的频率响应的指定数量的差值越小时，第一滤波组件的频率响应与实际传输的光信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异更匹配，则采用第一滤波组件对光信号进行滤波的效果越好。因此，当根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半确定第一滤波组件的频率响应时，相较于根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数确定第一滤波组件的频率响应，掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数与掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半的差值，在较大概率上小于掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的 总数与掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的差值，使得根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半确定的第一滤波组件频率响应在较大概率上与第一掺杂光纤引起的功率差异更匹配，相应的，能够提高第一滤波组件的频率响应与第一功率差异匹配的概率，从而保证使用第一滤波组件滤波的有效性。
在一种可实现方式中，第一滤波组件包括：增益平坦滤波器；和/或，第二滤波组件包括：可变增益倾斜滤波器。
可选的，第二滤波组件的材料可以为以下一种或多种的组合：陶瓷、铌酸锂电光材料和钮酸锉电光材料。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种光放大器，该光放大器包括：耦合的第一掺杂光纤和第一方面提供的滤波器。其中，第一掺杂光纤用于使用第一掺杂光纤中的掺杂离子对光信号进行放大。
在本申请提供的光放大器中，通过第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大，通过第一滤波组件基于经过放大后光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异，对经过放大后的光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，能够对光信号进行放大，且至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
可选的，为保证光放大器的放大效果，光放大器还可以包括：与滤波器耦合的第二掺杂光纤，该第二掺杂光纤用于对经过滤波器滤波后的光信号进行饱和放大并输出。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种通信系统，通信系统包括：第二方面提供的光放大器。
在通信系统的第一种部署方式中，可以在光信号出现功率差异后，使用本申请提供的滤波器对功率差异进行滤波，以对抗通信光纤中受激拉曼散射效应。此时，通信系统还包括：多段通信光纤，通信光纤用于传输光信号，每段通信光纤的输出端均与一个或多个光放大器耦合。
在通信系统的第二种部署方式中，可以先使用本申请提供的滤波器对光信号进行预滤波，并使用该预滤波的光信号的功率差异对抗通信光纤中受激拉曼散射效应，从而实现根据功率差异对光信号进行滤波的目的。此时，通信系统还可以包括：多段通信光纤，通信光纤用于传输光信号，每段通信光纤的输入端均与一个或多个光放大器耦合。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种滤波方法，滤波方法应用于第一方面提供的滤波器，该滤波器包括：耦合的第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件，该滤波方法包括：接收光信号；通过第一滤波组件基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异；通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
可选的，滤波方法还包括：调整向第二滤波组件提供的第二驱动电信号，以调整第二滤波组件允许通过的波长的范围。
可选的，滤波器还包括：分别与第一滤波组件、第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件，在通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波之前，滤波方法还包括：通过控制组件基于第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取第二功率差异；通过控制组件基于第二功率差异向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
可选的，基于第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取第二功率差异，包括：在第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号；获取采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率；基于采样得到的两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取第二功率差异。
可选的，基于第二功率差异向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号，包括：基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号；向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
可选的，在通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波之前，滤波方法还包括：基于滤波器所在光纤传输支路的总输入功率和光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的频带宽度，获取第二功率差异；基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号；向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种光放大方法，光放大方法应用于第二方面提供的光放大器，该光放大器包括：耦合的第一掺杂光纤和第一方面提供的滤波器，该光放大方法包括：采用第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大；采用滤波器对经过第一掺杂光纤放大后的光信号，采用第四方面提供的滤波方法进行滤波。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种存储介质，当存储介质中的指令被处理器执行时，实现第四方面提供的滤波方法。
第七方面，提供了一种包含指令的第一计算机程序产品，当第一计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第四方面提供的滤波方法。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种滤波器的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种光信号的功率谱的示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种第一滤波组件的频率响应的示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种经过第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号的功率谱的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种第二滤波组件的频率响应的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种经过第二滤波组件滤波后的光信号的功率谱的示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种滤波器的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的又一种滤波器的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的再一种滤波器的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种滤波器的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种光放大器的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种光放大器的结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的又一种光放大器的结构示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信系统的结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的配置由C波段切换到C+L波段的示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种滤波方法的流程图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种通过控制组件基于第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取第二功率差异的方法流程图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的一种光放大方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
为便于理解，下面先对本申请实施例中涉及的名词进行解释。
C波段、L波段和超级C波段分别为不同的传输频带。例如，C波段为波长从1530nm-1565nm的一段频带，L波段为波长在1565-1625nm的一段频带。
受激拉曼散射(Stimulated Raman Scattering，SRS)效应：高强度的激光和物质分子发生强烈的相互作用后，使得散射过程具有受激发射的性质，这种受激发射的散射光是拉曼散射光，所以这一种非线性光学效应称受激拉曼散射效应。受激拉曼散射效应会影响传输的光信号的功率。并且，受激拉曼散射效应对不同频带传输的光信号的功率影响程度不同。例如，对于在同一根通信光纤中传输的多个频带的光信号，该多个频带的光信号的初始功率相同，即多个频带的光信号的初始功率谱的斜率为0，在受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，多个频带的光信号的功率会受到不同程度的影响，使得多个频带的光信号的功率谱的斜率由0变成正数，即功率谱出现了倾斜的情况。
光信噪比(optical signal to noise ratio，OSNR)：光信号的功率与0.1纳米(nm)内噪声功率间的比值。光信噪比用于衡量光信号的质量，光信噪比越高，光信号的质量越好。
电光材料(electro optic materials)：具有电光效应的光学功能材料。利用电光材料的电光效应可以实现对光信号的调制。其中，电光效应是指在外加电场作用下，材料的折射率发生变化的现象。
在光纤传输过程中，保证光信号的信号质量具有重要的意义。一般的，在使用通信光纤传输光信号时，光信号会在传输过程中出现信号衰减的情况。针对此，通信运营商还会在通信传输链路中设置光放大器，以对光信号进行放大，使得传输至目的地的光信号能够满足使用需求。并且，通信光纤和光放大器在光纤传输链路中的部署方式为：光信号从发射机发出后，先由一段具有一定长度的通信光纤传输该光信号，然后采用光放大器对经过通信光纤传 输后的光信号进行放大，再由一段具有一定长度的通信光纤传输该光信号，然后再采用光放大器对经过通信光纤传输后的光信号进行放大，如此循环，直至将光信号传输至目的地(例如接收机)。
但是，在光纤传输光信号的过程中，光信号可能受到多种因素的干扰，也会导致光纤传输的光信号的信号质量下降。例如，对于同时使用同一根光纤传输的M个频带的光信号，该M个频带的光信号的初始功率分别为P1、P2、......、PM，且P1＝P2＝......＝PM，该多个频带的光信号在光纤的受激拉曼散射效应，及光放大器中用于对信号进行放大的掺杂光纤的影响下，光信号中的短波的功率向长波转移，使得该M个频带的光信号的功率依次变为P1’、P2’、......、PM’，且P1’＜P2’＜......＜PM’，及即该M个频带的光信号的功率出现了差异，导致光信号中短波的光信噪比下降，同时光信号中长波的非线性效应变强。其中，同时使用同一根光纤传输的多个频带的信号用于承载不同的信息。
针对此，本申请实施例提供了一种滤波器。如图1所示，该滤波器112包括：耦合的第一滤波组件112a和第二滤波组件112b。
第一滤波组件112a用于接收光信号，基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波。其中，第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤111引起的差异。且功率差是指多个频带所传输的信号的功率之间的差异。
第二滤波组件112b上加载有第一驱动电信号，第一驱动电信号用于控制第二滤波组件112b的频率响应，第二滤波组件112b用于采用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异，对经过第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号进行滤波。其中，第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
由上可知，在本申请实施例提供的滤波器112中，通过第一滤波组件112a基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件112b由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号进行滤波，至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，例如，滤波器112输出的光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的功率差异可以小于±3分贝(db)，能够保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。
其中，第一滤波组件112a可以具有固定的频率响应，该频率响应可以根据光信号产生的第一功率差异确定。因此，当光信号通过该第一滤波组件112a时，在该第一滤波组件112a的频率响应的作用下，可以达到对光信号进行滤波的效果。示例的，图2是光信号的功率谱的示意图，根据该图2可知该光信号的增益不平坦度为d1，图3是第一滤波组件112a的频率响应的示意图，图4是经过第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号的功率谱的示意图。根据图4可知经过第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号的增益不平坦度为d2，且d2＜d1，即第一滤波组件112a对光信号的功率差异进行了补偿，因此，可以确定通过第一滤波组件112a的频率响应对光信号进行作用，达到了对光信号进行滤波的效果。
可选的，可以预先估算光信号的第一功率差异，然后根据该第一功率差异确定第一滤波组件112a的频率响应，以保证使用该第一滤波组件112a对光信号的第一功率差异进行滤波的滤波效果。示例的，当第一功率差异为由掺杂光纤引起的差异时，在使用具有一定掺杂浓度的掺杂光纤对使用一定频带传输的光信号进行放大时，由于掺杂光纤的掺杂浓度确定，且 被放大的光信号的频带确定，因此，可以根据该掺杂浓度和频率估算光信号在掺杂光纤的作用下产生的第一功率差异。需要说明的是，当第一功率差异还包括由其他因素引起的差异时，还可以根据该其他因素估算该第一功率差异，本申请实施例对其不做具体限定。
并且，第一滤波组件112a的频率响应可以基于光信号中目标数量个频带所传输的信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异确定，且该目标数量小于掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数。在一种可实现方式中，该目标数量可以为掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半。例如，当采用光纤传输C波段的光信号时，掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数为80，则可以根据40个频带所传输的信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异确定第一滤波组件112a的频率响应。
通常的，在第一滤波组件112a投入使用前需要预先设置第一滤波组件112a的频率响应，且第一滤波组件112a的频率响应是基于掺杂光纤允许通过的光信号中指定数量个频带所传输的信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异确定的。并且，由于掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数可能会发生变化，且当掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数与用于确定第一滤波组件112a的频率响应的指定数量的差值越小时，第一滤波组件112a的频率响应与实际传输的光信号因掺杂光纤引起的功率差异更匹配，则采用第一滤波组件112a对光信号进行滤波的效果越好。因此，当根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半确定第一滤波组件112a的频率响应时，相较于根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数确定第一滤波组件112a的频率响应，掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数与掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半的差值，在较大概率上小于掺杂光纤中实际传输的光信号的频带的总数与掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的差值，使得根据掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数的一半确定的第一滤波组件112a频率响应在较大概率上与第一掺杂光纤引起的功率差异更匹配，相应的，能够提高第一滤波组件112a的频率响应与第一功率差异匹配的概率，从而保证使用第一滤波组件112a滤波的有效性。其中，第一滤波组件112a的频率响应与第一功率差异匹配是指通过第一滤波器112对光信号进行滤波后，能够将第一功率差异完全消除。
第二滤波组件112b的频率响应可以由第一驱动电信号控制。当光信号通过该第一滤波组件112a时，在该第一滤波组件112a的频率响应的作用下，可以达到对光信号进行滤波的效果。示例的，图4是经过第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号的功率谱的示意图，根据该图4可知该光信号的功率谱还存在一定程度的倾斜，且光信号的增益不平坦度为d2，该增益不平坦可能是因受激拉曼散射效应导致，因此，可以使用第二滤波组件112b对该光信号进行滤波。图5是第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的示意图。图6是经过第二滤波组件112b滤波后的光信号的功率谱的示意图。根据图6可知经过第二滤波组件112b滤波后的光信号的增益不平坦度为d3，且d3＜d2，即第二滤波组件112b对光信号的功率差异进行了补偿，因此，可以确定通过第二滤波组件112b的频率响应对光信号进行作用，达到了对光信号进行滤波的效果。
可选的，也可以预先获取光信号的第二功率差异，然后基于该第二功率差异确定第一驱动信号，再向第二滤波组件112b提供该第一驱动电信号，使得第二滤波组件112b使用在该第一驱动电信号控制下的频率响应，对光信号的第二功率差异进行滤波，以保证使用该第二滤波组件112b对光信号的第二功率差异进行滤波的滤波效果。
示例的，当第二功率差异为由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异时，则可以根据影响受激拉曼散射效应强弱程度的因素获取该第二功率差异。
在获取第二功率差异的第一种可实现方式中，可以在滤波器112的使用过程中实时估算 该第二功率差异，以根据该第二功率差异动态地调整第一驱动电信号。此时，可以根据滤波器112所在光纤传输支路的实际总输入功率、光纤传输支路实际传输的光信号的频带宽度和引起受激拉曼散射效应的通信光纤12的总长度，估算该第二功率差异。并且，通过根据光纤传输光信号的实时情况获取第二功率差异，以动态地调整第一驱动电信号，使得在第一驱动电信号控制下的第二滤波组件112b的频率响应与第二功率差异能够更匹配，能够有效保证第二滤波组件112b的滤波效果。
在获取第二功率差异的第二种可实现方式中，可以实时检测第二功率差异，以根据检测到的第二功率差异实时调整第二驱动电信号。通过实时检测第二功率差异，以实时调整第一驱动电信号，使得在第一驱动电信号控制下的第二滤波组件112b的频率响应与第二功率差异能够更匹配，能够有效保证第二滤波组件112b的滤波效果。
可选的，如图7和图8所示，滤波器112还可以包括：控制组件112c。上述获取第二功率差异，基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，并向第二滤波组件112b提供第一驱动电信号的操作可以由该控制组件112c执行。
并且，对应于获取第二功率差异的不同实现方式，该控制组件112c的实现方式也不同。
例如，对应于获取第二功率差异的第一种和第二种可实现方式，如图7所示，控制组件112c可以与第二滤波组件112b耦合，且控制组件112c在获取第二功率差异后，可以基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，并向第二滤波组件112b提供第一驱动电信号。
又例如，对应于获取第二功率差异的第三种可实现方式，如图8所示，控制组件112c分别与第一滤波组件112a、第二滤波组件112b耦合，且控制组件112c可以通过对第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号进行实时检测，获取第二功率差异，然后基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，并向第二滤波组件112b提供第一驱动电信号。
在一种可实现方式中，如图9所示，控制组件112c包括：依次耦合的采样结构112c1、探测结构112c2和处理结构112c3，各个结构的作用分别如下：
采样结构112c1用于在第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号。可选的，该采样结构112c1可以为滤波器。
探测结构112c2用于获取采样结构112c1采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率。可选的，该探测结构112c2可以为光探测器114(photo detector)。
处理结构112c3用于基于采样得到的两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取第二功率差异，基于第二功率差异确定第一驱动电信号，向第二滤波组件112b提供第一驱动电信号。在一种实现方式中，处理结构112c3中可以存储有功率差异与驱动信号的对应关系，在处理结构112c3获取第二功率差异后，可以根据该第二功率差异查询该对应关系，以得到与该第二功率差异对应的第一驱动电信号。
进一步的，如图10所示，控制组件112c可以包括：一个处理结构112c3、多个采样结构112c1和与多个采样结构112c1对应的多个探测结构112c2，采样结构112c1与对应的探测结构112c2耦合，多个探测结构112c2均与处理结构112c3耦合。并且，每个采样结构112c1用于在第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号中，采样一个频带所传输的信号。相应的，每个探测结构112c2用于获取对应的采样结构112c1采样得到的频带所传输的信号的功率。这样一来，各个探测结构112c2获取的信号的功率不会受到其他信号的影响，能够提高获取的第二功率差异的准确性，进一步提高第二滤波组件112b的滤波效果。
下面以图10所示的滤波器112为例，对滤波器112的滤波原理进行说明。光信号进入第一滤波组件112a后，第一滤波组件112a可以基于第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波。经过第一滤波组件112a滤波后的信号，一部分进入第二滤波组件112b，另一部分进入多个采样结构112c1。每个采样结构112c1在滤波后的光信号中采样一个频带所传输的信号，并将采样后的信号耦合至与其对应的探测结构112c2。探测结构112c2获取耦合至该探测结构112c2的信号的功率，并将该信号的功率反馈至处理结构112c3。处理结构112c3根据多个探测结构112c2反馈的多个频带所传输的信号的功率确定第二功率差异，并根据该第二功率差异查询功率差异与驱动电信号的对应关系，以得到用于控制第二滤波组件112b的第一驱动电信号，并向第二滤波组件112b提供该第一驱动电信号。经第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号进入第二滤波组件112b后，第二滤波组件112b使用由第一驱动信号控制的频率响应，对经第一滤波组件112a滤波后的光信号进行滤波。
其中，第二滤波组件112b可以由具有电光系数的电光材料制成。相应的，第一驱动电信号控制第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的实现方式可以为：第一驱动信号通过第二滤波组件112b的电光系数调整第二滤波组件112b的频率响应。
并且，为了保证第一驱动信号对第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的调节速度，该第二滤波组件112b可以由具有较高电光系数的电光材料制成。例如，第二滤波组件112b的电光材料额定电光系数可以大于1*10 -16每平方伏特平方米(m 2/V 2)。示例的，第二滤波组件112b的材料可以为以下一种或多种的组合：陶瓷、铌酸锂电光材料和钮酸锉电光材料。
当第二滤波组件112b使用具有较高电光系数的电光材料制成时，能够通过第一驱动电信号实现对第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的快速调节，使得第二滤波组件112b能够快速针对受激拉曼散射效应的变化产生反应，快速地对光信号的第二功率差异进行滤波，能够保证对光信号进行滤波的即时性。相应的，能够将该滤波器112用于不同波段或者不同频段的光信号的滤波，例如，可以用于对C波段光信号、L波段光信号、超级C波段光信号、C波段+L波段光信号、C波段光信号+L波段光信号+超级C波段光信号、以及更高频率的光信号的滤波，保证了滤波器112的使用范围。
可选的，第一滤波组件112a可以包括：增益平坦滤波器(gain flattening filter，GFF)。和/或，第二滤波组件112b可以包括：可变增益倾斜滤波器(variable gain tilt filter，VGTF)。
并且，根据前述内容可知，第二滤波组件112b基于第二功率差异对光信号进行滤波，是通过第一驱动电信号控制该第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的振幅实现的。然而，还可以向第二滤波组件112b加载第二驱动电信号，该第二驱动电信号可以通过控制该第二滤波组件112b的频率响应的相位，对第二滤波组件112b允许通过的波长的范围进行调整，使得第二滤波组件112b能够对多个波段的光信号进行滤波，提高了该第二滤波组件112b的兼容性。
示例的，当第二滤波组件112b为可变增益倾斜滤波器，该可变增益倾斜滤波器的频率响应为正弦波，通过第一驱动电信号可以控制该可变增益倾斜滤波器的频率响应的振幅，可以调整可变增益倾斜滤波器对光信号的滤波效果，通过第二驱动信号可以控制该可变增益倾斜滤波器的频率响应的相位，可以调整第二滤波组件112b允许通过的波长的范围，使得第二滤波组件112b可以用对不同波段的光信号进行滤波。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的滤波器中，通过第一滤波组件基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控 制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
本申请实施例还提供了一种光放大器。如图11所示，该光放大器11可以包括：光隔离器113、光探测器114、泵浦激光器115、控制器116、波分复用器(wavelength division multiplexing，WDM)117、第一掺杂光纤111和本申请实施例提供的滤波器112。其中，光隔离器113与波分复用器117耦合，光探测器114与控制器116耦合，泵浦激光器115分别与控制器116和波分复用器117耦合，掺杂光纤分别于波分复用器117和滤波器112耦合。
该光放大器11对光信号的放大原理为：经过分光器分光后的光信号一部分进入光隔离器113，另一部分进入光探测器114。光隔离器113用于对光信号进行隔离，以防止进入光放大器11的光信号从光放大器11反向散射至通信光纤12，进而保证光信号传输质量。光探测器114用于探测输入至光放大器11的光信号的输入功率，并向控制器116反馈该输入功率。控制器116用于根据光放大器11的输入功率控制泵浦激光器115的输出功率，使得经第一掺杂光纤111放大后的光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的放大增益基本相同，即使得第一掺杂光纤111对光信号的放大处于增益锁定模式。泵浦激光器115发出的泵浦光和进入光隔离器113的光信号经波分复用器117耦合后进入第一掺杂光纤111，第一掺杂光纤111中的掺杂离子在泵浦光的作用下从低能级跃迁到高能级上，转变为激发态，该高能级的掺杂离子在入射至该第一掺杂光纤111的光信号的作用下可以从激发态回到基态，且在回到激发态的过程中掺杂离子发射与光信号频率相同的光子，使光信号得以放大。经第一掺杂光纤111放大后的信号光进入滤波器112后，第一滤波组件112a可以基于光信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，经滤波后的光信号进入第二滤波组件112b后，该第二滤波组件112b可以基于光信号的第二功率差异对光信号进行滤波，使得经过放大后的光信号中多个频带上传输的信号的功率基本相同。
其中，由泵浦激光器115、波分复用器117和掺杂光纤构成的结构可以称为光放大器11的一级放大结构。可选的，由于掺杂光纤对光信号的放大倍数有限，因此，光放大器11除了包括第一级放大结构(如图11中虚线框M1所示)外，光放大器11还可以具有更多级放大结构，每级放大结构均包括用于对光信号进行放大的掺杂光纤。且对于该更多级的放大结构中不是对光信号进行饱和放大的放大结构，该放大结构的输出端还可以与滤波器112耦合，以便于使用滤波器112对经过放大结构放大后的信号进行滤波，并通过滤波器112滤波后的光信号耦合至下一级放大结构。
例如，如图12所示，光放大器11还可以包括：与滤波器112耦合的第二级放大结构(如图12中虚线框M2所示)。该第二级放大结构包括第二掺杂光纤113，该第二掺杂光纤113用于对经过滤波器112滤波后的光信号进行饱和放大并输出。并且，由于该第二级放大结构是对光信号进行饱和放大，经第二级放大结构放大后的光信号不会出现功率差异，因此，该第二级放大结构后可以无需设置滤波器112。
或者，如图13所示，当第一级放大结构和第二级放大结构的放大倍数仍不满足放大需求 时，光放大器11还可以包括：与滤波器112耦合的第二级放大结构(如图13中虚线框M2所示)、与第二级放大结构耦合的另一滤波器112、及与另一滤波器112耦合的第三级放大结构(如图13中虚线框M3所示)。该第二级放大结构包括第二掺杂光纤113，该第二掺杂光纤113用于对经过滤波器112滤波后的光信号进行放大并输出。该另一滤波器112用于对经过第二级放大结构放大后的光信号进行滤波并输出。该第三级放大结构包括第三掺杂光纤114，该第三掺杂光纤114用于对经过另一滤波器112滤波后的光信号进行饱和放大并输出。
在一种可实现方式中，以上掺杂光纤可以为掺杂有微量的铒离子的掺饵光纤。相应的，该光放大器11可以为掺铒光纤放大器(erbium doped fiber amplifier，EDFA)。或者，掺杂光纤还可以为掺杂有其他稀土元素离子的掺杂光纤，且当掺杂光纤中掺杂的离子不同时，包括有该掺杂光纤的放大器的增益谱覆盖的信号的波段不同。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的光放大器中，通过第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大，通过第一滤波组件基于经过放大后光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异，对经过放大后的光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，能够对光信号进行放大，且至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，本申请实施例提供的光放大器中滤波器的具体工作过程，可以参考前述滤波器实施例中的对应过程的描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统可以包括：通信光纤和本申请实施例提供的光放大器。其中，通信光纤用于传输光信号。光放大器用于对光信号进行放大并滤波。
该通信系统可以有多种部署方式。本申请实施例以以下两种部署方式为例对其进行说明。
在通信系统的第一种部署方式中。通信系统可以包括：多段通信光纤，且每段通信光纤的输出端均与一个或多个光放大器耦合。在该部署方式中，可以看出是在光信号出现功率差异后，通过使用本申请实施例提供的滤波器对功率差异进行滤波，以对抗通信光纤中受激拉曼散射效应。
下面以每段通信光纤的输出端均与一个光放大器耦合，且采用光纤同时传输C波段光信号和L波段光信号的通信系统为例，对通信系统的第一种部署方式进行说明。
如图14所示，由C波段发射机13a发出功率谱平坦的C波段光信号后，先使用相关技术中用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器14a将C波段光信号进行放大，且从图14中a1处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出，放大后的C波段光信号的功率谱也是平坦的。由L波段发射机13b发出功率谱平坦的L波段光信号后，先使用相关技术中用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器14b将L波段光信号进行放大，且从图14中a2处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出，放大后的L波段光信号的功率谱也是平坦的。其中，图14中每个箭头的长度用于表示光信号中一个频带传输的信号的功率的大小。
再通过光分复合器15将放大后的C波段光信号和L波段光信号耦合至通信光纤12中。 经过通信光纤12的传输后，在通信光纤12中受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，C波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号的功率出现了差异，该差异可以从图14中a3处多个箭头的连线的斜率为正，类似的，从图14中a4处多个箭头的连线的斜率为正可以看出，L波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号的功率也出现了差异。
再通过光分复合器15分离出C波段光信号和L波段光信号，并将C波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11(如图14中光放大器11a)，将L波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11(如图14中光放大器11b)。
然后，通过本申请实施例提供的用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11a中的第一掺杂光纤111对C波段光信号进行放大。再通过该光放大器11a中的滤波器112对放大后的C波段光信号，以通过第一滤波组件112a降低甚至消除因第一掺杂光纤111引起的C波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号的第一功率差异，以及，通过第二滤波组件112b降低甚至消除因通信光纤12引起的C波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号的第二功率差异。从图14中a5处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出，本申请实施例提供的滤波器112补偿了C波段光信号中的第二功率差异。
类似的，通过本申请实施例提供的用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11b对L波段光信号进行放大和滤波后，可以看出，降低甚至消除因通信光纤12引起的L波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号的第二功率差异。从图14中a6处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出，本申请实施例提供的滤波器112补偿了L波段光信号中的第二功率差异。
然后，再通过光分复合器15将滤波后的C波段光信号和滤波后的L波段光信号耦合至通信光纤12中。如此循环，每段通信光纤12的输出端均与一个光放大器11耦合，直至到达光信号的接收端。且在光信号的接收端处，经过本申请实施例提供的滤波器112滤波后的C波段光信号耦合至C波段接收机16a，经过本申请实施例提供的滤波器112滤波后的L波段光信号耦合至L波段接收机16b。
在通信系统1的第二种部署方式中，通信系统1可以包括：多段通信光纤12，且每段通信光纤12的输入端均与一个或多个光放大器11耦合。在该部署方式中，可以看出是先使用本申请实施例提供的滤波器112对光信号进行预滤波，并使用该预滤波的光信号的功率差异对抗通信光纤12中受激拉曼散射效应，从而实现根据功率差异对光信号进行滤波的目的。
下面以每段通信光纤12的输出端均与一个光放大器11耦合，且采用光纤同时传输C波段光信号和L波段光信号的通信系统1为例，对通信系统1的第一种部署方式进行说明。
如图15所示，由C波段发射机13a发出功率谱平坦的C波段光信号后，先将C波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11(如图15中光放大器11a)，通过该光放大器11a中的第一掺杂光纤111对C波段光信号进行放大。再通过该光放大器11a中的滤波器112对放大后的C波段光信号进行预滤波，使得滤波后的C波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号出现功率差异。其中，从图15中b1处多个箭头的连线的斜率为负可以看出，本申请实施例提供的滤波器112实现了对C波段光信号的预滤波。其中，图15中每个箭头的长度用于表示光信号中一个频带传输的信号的功率的大小。
类似的，由L波段发射机13b发出功率谱平坦的L波段光信号后，先将L波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11b，经过该光放大器11b 得放大和滤波后的L波段光信号中多个频带传输的信号出现功率差异。其中，从图15中b2处多个箭头的连线的斜率为负可以看出，本申请实施例提供的滤波器112实现了对L波段光信号的预滤波。
然后，通过光分复合器15将预滤波后的C波段光信号和预滤波后的L波段光信号耦合至通信光纤12中。经过通信光纤12的传输后，在通信光纤12中受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，该受激拉曼散射效应对C波段光信号的功率产生的影响，与预滤波使得C波段光信号出现的功率差异互相抵消，使得经过通信光纤12传输的C波段光信号的功率谱恢复平坦，该效果可以从图15中b3处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出。类似的，在通信光纤12中受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，该受激拉曼散射效应对L波段光信号的功率产生的影响，与预滤波使得L波段光信号出现的功率差异互相抵消，使得经过通信光纤12传输的L波段光信号的功率谱恢复平坦，该效果可以从图15中b4处多个箭头的连线的斜率为0可以看出。
然后，再通过光分复合器15从通信光纤12处分离出C波段光信号和L波段光信号，并将C波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11，将L波段光信号耦合至本申请实施例提供的用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器11。如此循环，每段通信光纤12的输入端均与一个光放大器11耦合，直至到达光信号的接收端处，再通过光分复合器15从通信光纤12处分离出C波段光信号和L波段光信号，并将C波段光信号耦合至相关技术中用于对C波段光信号进行放大的光放大器14a，将L波段光信号耦合至相关技术中用于对L波段光信号进行放大的光放大器14b，并将放大后的C波段光信号耦合至C波段接收机16a，将放大后的L波段光信号耦合至C波段接收机16b。
并且，当本申请实施例提供的通信系统1中的滤波器112还包括图8、图9或图10所示的控制组件112c时，由于该控制组件112c能够实时地获取光信号的第二功率差异，若滤波器112所在的光纤传输支路中出现增波或掉波的情况，或者，当通信系统1的配置在不同的波段之间进行切换时，通信光纤12中的受激拉曼散射效应也会出现差异，此时，通过控制组件112c能够较准确地确定光信号的第二功率差异，并根据该第二功率差异向第二滤波组件112b提供第一驱动电信号，以保证滤波器112的滤波效果。
例如，当光分插复用器(reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexe，ROADM)站点发生掉波的情况时，经过光分插复用器后的光信号的总功率下降，使得掉波后的信号在通信光纤中的受到的受激拉曼散射效应小于未掉波的信号在通信光纤中的受到的受激拉曼散射效应，相应的，在受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，掉波后的信号经过通信光纤后的功率差异小于未掉波的信号经过通信光纤后的功率差异。此时，通过控制组件112c实时检测第二功率差异，能够实时追踪掉波对受激拉曼散射效应产生的影响，进而调整向第二滤波组件112b提供的第一驱动电信号，从而保证滤波器112的滤波效果。其中，在光分插复用器处掉波是指光信号中的光波在光分插复用器处分流至其他光纤传输支路上。
类似的，当光分插复用器站点发生增波的情况时，经过光分插复用器后的光信号的总功率增大，使得增波后的信号在通信光纤中的受到的受激拉曼散射效应大于未增波的信号在通信光纤中的受到的受激拉曼散射效应，相应的，在受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，增波后的信号经过通信光纤后的功率差异大于未增波的信号经过通信光纤后的功率差异。此时，通过控制组件112c实时检测第二功率差异，能够实时追踪增波对受激拉曼散射效应产生的影响，进而调整向第二滤波组件112b提供的第一驱动电信号，从而保证滤波器112的滤波效果。其中， 在光分插复用器处增波是指多路光信号在光分插复用器处汇流至同一光纤传输支路上。
又例如，在通信光纤12中的受激拉曼散射效应的影响下，C波段光信号的第二功率差异的斜率为K1，C波段+L波段光信号的第二功率差异的斜率为K2，且K1<K2。如图16所示，当通信系统1的配置由C波段切换到C+L波段时，通过控制组件112c实时检测第二功率差异，能够实时追踪掉波对受激拉曼散射效应产生的影响，将预滤波使得光信号出现的功率差异的斜率由-K1调整为-K2，以保证滤波器112的滤波效果。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的通信系统中，通过掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大，通过第一滤波组件基于经过放大后光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异，对经过放大后的光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，能够对光信号进行放大，且至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，本申请实施例提供的通信系统中光放大器和滤波器的具体工作过程，可以参考前述放大器实施例和滤波器实施例中的对应过程的描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种滤波方法，该滤波方法应用于本申请实施例提供的滤波器。如图17所示，该滤波方法包括：
步骤1701、接收光信号。
步骤1702、通过第一滤波组件基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波。
其中，第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异。
步骤1703、调整向第二滤波组件提供的第二驱动电信号，以调整第二滤波组件允许通过的波长的范围。
需要说明的是，该步骤1703为可选步骤，可以根据应用需求确定是否执行该步骤。示例的，若在未调整向第二滤波组件提供的第二驱动信号之前，第二滤波组件允许通过的波长的范围已覆盖该第二滤波组件所在光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的波长返为，且无需执行该步骤1703。
步骤1704、通过控制组件基于第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取第二功率差异。
其中，当控制组件的部署方式不同时，该步骤1704的实现方式不同。
在一种可实现方式中，当控制组件与第二滤波组件耦合时，控制组件可以基于滤波器所在光纤传输支路的总输入功率和光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的频带宽度等参数，获取第二功率差异。
在另一种可实现方式中，当控制组件分别与第一滤波组件、第二滤波组件耦合时，控制组件可以实时检测经过第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号的第二功率差异。例如，当控制组件包括依次耦合的采样结构、探测结构和处理结构时，如图18所示，该步骤1704的实现过程可以包括：
步骤1704a1、采样结构在第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号。
步骤1704b1、探测结构获取采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率。
步骤1704c1、处理结构基于采样得到的两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取第二功率差异。
步骤1705、通过控制组件基于第二功率差异向第二滤波组件提供第一驱动电信号。
可选的，当控制组件包括依次耦合的采样结构、探测结构和处理结构时，该步骤1705可以由处理结构执行。
需要说明的是，该步骤1704和步骤1705为可选步骤，可以根据应用需求确定是否执行该步骤。示例的，当滤波器不包括控制组件时，例如，当向第二滤波模块加载固定大小的第一驱动电信号时，则无需执行该步骤1704和步骤1705。
步骤1706、通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的滤波方法中，通过第一滤波组件基于光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，本申请实施例提供的滤波方法中滤波器的具体工作过程，可以参考前述滤波器实施例中的对应过程的描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种光放大方法，该光放大方法应用于本申请实施例提供的光放大器。如图19所示，该光放大方法包括：
步骤1901、采用第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大。
步骤1902、采用滤波器对经过第一掺杂光纤放大后的光信号，采用本申请实施例提供的滤波方法进行滤波。
综上所述，在本申请实施例提供的光放大方法中，通过第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大，通过第一滤波组件基于经过放大后光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异，对经过放大后的光信号进行滤波，通过第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，能够对光信号进行放大，且至少能够降低甚至消除掺杂光纤和受激拉曼散射效应对光信号产生的干扰，从而保证被传输的光信号的信号质量。并且，由于第二滤波组件是使用由第一驱动电信号控制的频率响应对光信号进行滤波的，使得该第二滤波组件的成本降低，能够在保证对光信号的滤波效果的基础上，控制滤波器的成本。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，本申请实施例提供的光 放大中光放大器和滤波器的具体工作过程，可以参考前述放大器实施例和滤波器实施例中的对应过程的描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种存储介质，该存储介质为非易失性计算机可读存储介质，当存储介质中的指令被处理器执行时，实现如本申请实施例提供的滤波方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行本申请实施例提供的滤波方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
在本申请实施例中，术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。术语“至少一个”是指一个或多个，术语“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的构思和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种滤波器，其特征在于，所述滤波器包括：耦合的第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件；
    所述第一滤波组件用于接收光信号，基于所述光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对所述光信号进行滤波，所述第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异；
    所述第二滤波组件上加载有第一驱动电信号，所述第一驱动电信号用于控制所述第二滤波组件的频率响应，所述第二滤波组件用于采用所述频率响应，基于所述多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，所述第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的滤波器，其特征在于，
    所述第二滤波组件还用于在第二驱动电信号的控制下，调整所述第二滤波组件允许通过的波长的范围。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述滤波器还包括：分别与所述第一滤波组件、所述第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件；
    所述控制组件用于基于所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取所述第二功率差异，基于所述第二功率差异向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述控制组件包括：依次耦合的采样结构、探测结构和处理结构；
    所述采样结构用于在所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号；
    所述探测结构用于获取所述采样结构采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率；
    所述处理结构用于基于采样得到的所述两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取所述第二功率差异，基于所述第二功率差异确定所述第一驱动电信号，向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述控制组件包括：一个处理结构、多个采样结构和与所述多个采样结构对应的多个探测结构，所述采样结构与对应的探测结构耦合，所述多个探测结构均与所述处理结构耦合；
    每个采样结构用于在所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样一个频带所传输的信号；
    每个探测结构用于获取对应的采样结构采样得到的频带所传输的信号的功率。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述滤波器还包括：与所述第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件；
    所述控制组件用于基于所述滤波器所在光纤传输支路的总输入功率和所述光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的频带宽度，获取所述第二功率差异，基于所述第二功率差异确定所述第一驱动电信号，向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述第一滤波组件的频率响应基于目标数量个频带所传输的信号因所述第一掺杂光纤引起的功率差异确定，所述目标数量小于所述第一掺杂光纤允许通过的频带的总数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述目标数量为所述总数的一半。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述第一滤波组件包括：增益平坦滤波器；和/或，所述第二滤波组件包括：可变增益倾斜滤波器。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一所述的滤波器，其特征在于，所述第二滤波组件的材料为以下一种或多种的组合：陶瓷、铌酸锂电光材料和钮酸锉电光材料。
  11. 一种光放大器，其特征在于，所述光放大器包括：耦合的第一掺杂光纤和权利要求1至10任一所述的滤波器；
    所述第一掺杂光纤用于使用所述第一掺杂光纤中的掺杂离子对光信号进行放大。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光放大器，其特征在于，所述光放大器还包括：与所述滤波器耦合的第二掺杂光纤；
    所述第二掺杂光纤用于对经过所述滤波器滤波后的光信号进行饱和放大并输出。
  13. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括：权利要求11或12所述的光放大器。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统还包括：多段通信光纤，所述通信光纤用于传输光信号，每段通信光纤的输出端均与一个或多个光放大器耦合。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统还包括：多段通信光纤，所述通信光纤用于传输光信号，每段通信光纤的输入端均与一个或多个光放大器耦合。
  16. 一种滤波方法，其特征在于，所述滤波方法应用于权利要求1至10任一所述的滤波器，所述滤波器包括：耦合的第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件，所述滤波方法包括：
    接收光信号；
    通过所述第一滤波组件基于所述光信号中多个频带所传输的信号的第一功率差异对所述光信号进行滤波，所述第一功率差异包括由第一掺杂光纤引起的差异；
    通过所述第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于所述多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波，所述第二功率差异包括由受激拉曼散射效应引起的差异。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的滤波方法，其特征在于，所述滤波方法还包括：
    调整向所述第二滤波组件提供的第二驱动电信号，以调整所述第二滤波组件允许通过的 波长的范围。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的滤波方法，其特征在于，所述滤波器还包括：分别与所述第一滤波组件、所述第二滤波组件耦合的控制组件，在所述通过所述第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于所述多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波之前，所述滤波方法还包括：
    通过所述控制组件基于所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取所述第二功率差异；
    通过所述控制组件基于所述第二功率差异向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的滤波方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号，获取所述第二功率差异，包括：
    在所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号中，采样两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号；
    获取采样得到的每个频带所传输的信号的功率；
    基于采样得到的所述两个或两个以上频带所传输的信号的功率，获取所述第二功率差异。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的滤波方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第二功率差异向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号，包括：
    基于所述第二功率差异确定所述第一驱动电信号；
    向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  21. 根据权利要求16或17所述的滤波方法，其特征在于，在所述通过所述第二滤波组件由第一驱动电信号所控制的频率响应，基于所述多个频带所传输的信号的第二功率差异对所述第一滤波组件滤波后的光信号进行滤波之前，所述滤波方法还包括：
    基于所述滤波器所在光纤传输支路的总输入功率和所述光纤传输支路所传输的光信号的频带宽度，获取所述第二功率差异；
    基于所述第二功率差异确定所述第一驱动电信号；
    向所述第二滤波组件提供所述第一驱动电信号。
  22. 一种光放大方法，其特征在于，所述光放大方法应用于权利要求11或12所述的光放大器，所述光放大器包括：耦合的第一掺杂光纤和权利要求1至10任一所述的滤波器，所述光放大方法包括：
    采用所述第一掺杂光纤对光信号进行放大；
    采用所述滤波器对经过所述第一掺杂光纤放大后的光信号，采用权利要求16至21任一所述的滤波方法进行滤波。
  23. 一种存储介质，其特征在于，当所述存储介质中的指令被处理器执行时，实现权利要求16至21任一所述的滤波方法。
PCT/CN2021/072545 2020-05-19 2021-01-18 滤波器、光放大器、通信系统、滤波方法及光放大方法 Ceased WO2021232834A1 (zh)

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