WO2021241886A1 - 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021241886A1 WO2021241886A1 PCT/KR2021/004902 KR2021004902W WO2021241886A1 WO 2021241886 A1 WO2021241886 A1 WO 2021241886A1 KR 2021004902 W KR2021004902 W KR 2021004902W WO 2021241886 A1 WO2021241886 A1 WO 2021241886A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/30—Measuring the maximum or the minimum value of current or voltage reached in a time interval
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/84—Control of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/96—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/963—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for diagnosing deterioration of a battery.
- differential voltage analysis (which may be referred to as 'DVA') is used to determine the internal deterioration state of a battery based on voltage and current, which are parameters observable from the outside of the battery.
- peaks appearing in a differential voltage curve (which may be referred to as a 'Q-dV/dQ curve') are considered as a major factor.
- the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and constant current charging for a battery including a positive electrode material exhibiting a phase change behavior within a predetermined capacity range and a negative electrode material having flat characteristics over the predetermined capacity range
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery management system and a battery management method for determining deterioration information of a battery by using a differential voltage curve acquired through constant current discharge.
- a battery management system is for a battery including a positive electrode material exhibiting a phase change behavior within a predetermined capacity range, and a negative electrode material having flat characteristics over the predetermined capacity range.
- the battery management system may include: a sensing unit configured to output sensing information indicating voltage and current of the battery; and a control unit operatively coupled to the sensing unit.
- the control unit is configured to determine a voltage curve indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the voltage of the battery based on the sensing information collected while the battery is being charged with a constant current or discharged with a constant current.
- the control unit is configured to determine a differential voltage curve based on the voltage curve.
- the differential voltage curve indicates a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage, which is a ratio of a change amount of a voltage of the battery to a change amount of the battery capacity.
- the control unit is configured to detect a peak of interest in the differential voltage curve appearing within the predetermined capacitance range.
- the control unit is configured to determine a first capacity loss rate indicating a loss rate of the positive electrode capacity of the battery based on the differential voltage of the peak of interest.
- the sensing unit may include: a voltage sensor connected in parallel to the battery; and a current sensor connected in series to the battery.
- the controller may be configured to determine the first capacity loss rate of the battery based on a first difference when the differential voltage of the peak of interest is greater than a reference differential voltage.
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest and the reference differential voltage.
- the controller may be configured to determine a second capacity loss rate indicating a loss rate of the available lithium capacity of the battery based on the capacity of the peak of interest.
- the control unit is
- the second difference is a difference between the dose of the peak of interest and the reference dose.
- the controller may be configured to determine, based on the first difference and the second difference, a second capacity loss rate representing the first capacity loss rate of the battery and a loss rate of the available lithium capacity of the battery.
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest and the reference differential voltage.
- the second difference is a difference between the dose of the peak of interest and the reference dose.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery management system.
- An electric vehicle includes the battery pack.
- a battery management method is for a battery including a positive electrode material exhibiting a phase change behavior within a predetermined capacity range and a negative electrode material having flat characteristics over the predetermined capacity range.
- the battery management method determines a voltage curve indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the voltage of the battery based on sensing information indicating a voltage and a current of the battery collected while the battery is being charged with a constant current or discharged with a constant current to do; determining a differential voltage curve based on the voltage curve; detecting a peak of interest in the differential voltage curve appearing within the predetermined capacitance range; and determining a first capacity loss rate representing a loss rate of the positive electrode capacity of the battery based on the differential voltage of the peak of interest.
- the differential voltage curve indicates a correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage, which is a ratio of the change amount of the voltage of the battery to the change amount of the battery capacity.
- the determining of the first capacity loss rate of the battery may include determining the first capacity loss rate of the battery based on the first difference when the differential voltage of the peak of interest is greater than a reference differential voltage. have.
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest and the reference differential voltage.
- determining a second capacity loss rate indicating a loss rate of the available lithium capacity of the battery further may include
- constant current charging or constant current discharging for a battery including a positive electrode material exhibiting a phase change behavior within a predetermined capacity range and a negative electrode material having flat characteristics over the predetermined capacity range Battery degradation information may be determined using the differential voltage curve obtained through the
- FIG. 1 is a view exemplarily showing the configuration of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph exemplarily showing a voltage curve according to a deterioration state of a battery.
- FIG. 3 is a graph exemplarily showing a differential voltage curve corresponding to the voltage curve of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit> means a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- FIG. 1 is a view exemplarily showing the configuration of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
- a battery pack 10 is provided to be mounted on a power device such as an electric vehicle 1 , and includes a battery B, a switch SW, a charging/discharging device 20 and a battery management system. (100).
- the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery B are electrically connected to the battery management system 100 .
- the battery B is a lithium ion battery and contains a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
- the separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to insulate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode material may include a positive electrode active material exhibiting a phase transition behavior within a predetermined capacity range during charging and discharging of the battery (B).
- the cathode material may have a layered crystal structure.
- a lithium metal composite oxide such as LiNi 8/10 Co 1/10 Mn 1/10 O 2 may be used as the positive electrode active material.
- the phase transition at the positive electrode may be a phenomenon that occurs due to movement of working ions (eg, lithium ions) through passages existing in the layered crystal structure of the positive electrode material during charging and discharging of the battery (B).
- the anode material may include an anode active material having flat characteristics over a predetermined capacity range.
- the flat characteristic is a characteristic in which the rate of change of dislocation is maintained below a predetermined value without occurrence of a phase transition.
- a carbon-based material eg, graphite
- the switch SW is installed in a current path connected in series to the battery B for charging and discharging the battery B. While the switch SW is turned on, charging and discharging of the battery B is possible.
- the switch SW may be a mechanical relay turned on and off by a magnetic force of a coil or a semiconductor switch such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). While the switch SW is turned off, charging and discharging of the battery B is stopped.
- the switch SW may be turned on in response to a first switching signal (eg, a high level voltage).
- the switch SW may be turned off in response to a second switching signal (eg, a low level voltage).
- the charging/discharging device 20 is electrically connected to a current path for charging and discharging the battery B.
- the charging/discharging device 20 may include a constant current circuit that adjusts the current rate of the current flowing through the battery B.
- the charging/discharging device 20 is configured to adjust a current rate (which may be referred to as a 'C-rate') of a current for charging or discharging the battery B according to a command from the battery management system 100 .
- the charging/discharging device 20 may be capable of only one of a constant current charging function and a constant current discharging function.
- the battery management system 100 is provided to determine the degradation state of the battery B.
- the battery management system 100 includes a sensing unit 110 , a control unit 120 , and a memory unit 130 .
- the battery management system 100 may further include an interface unit 140 .
- the battery management system 100 may further include a switch driver 150 .
- the sensing unit 110 includes a voltage sensor 111 and a current sensor 112 .
- the voltage sensor 111 is connected in parallel to the battery B and is configured to detect a voltage across the battery B and generate a voltage signal representative of the detected voltage.
- the current sensor 112 is connected in series to the battery B through a current path.
- the current sensor 112 is configured to detect a current flowing through the battery B and generate a current signal indicative of the detected current.
- the control unit 130 may collect sensing information including a voltage signal and a current signal of synchronization from the sensing unit 110 .
- the control unit 120 in hardware, ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), microprocessors (microprocessors) and may be implemented using at least one of electrical units for performing other functions.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- microprocessors microprocessors
- the control unit 120 is operatively coupled to the charging/discharging device 20 and the sensing unit 110 .
- the control unit 120 is configured to execute an operation to be described later for determining the deterioration state of the battery B.
- the controller 120 may command the charging device 20 to charge the constant current.
- Charging device 20 may maintain constant current charging at a predetermined current rate (eg, 0.05C) until the capacity of battery B rises to a second threshold capacity.
- a predetermined current rate eg, 0.05C
- the charging device 20 may maintain a constant current discharge at a predetermined current rate (eg, 0.05C) until the capacity of the battery B drops to a first threshold capacity.
- the first threshold capacity may correspond to, for example, SOC 0%
- the second threshold capacity may correspond to, for example, SOC 100%.
- the control unit 120 during constant current charging or constant current discharging of the battery B, at each predetermined time, based on the voltage signal and the current signal included in the sensing information, the voltage, current, and capacity of the battery B at each predetermined time and determine a State-Of-Charge (SOC).
- SOC State-Of-Charge
- the capacity of the battery B indicates the amount of charge stored in the battery B, and may also be referred to as 'remaining capacity', and may be determined by accumulating the current of the battery B at every predetermined time.
- the SOC of the battery B represents the ratio of the capacity of the battery B to the maximum capacity of the battery B (which may also be referred to as 'full charge capacity'), and is usually 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%. is expressed The maximum capacity of the battery B gradually decreases as the battery B deteriorates. At least one of voltage, current, capacity, and SOC for each predetermined time may be recorded in the memory unit 130 by the controller 120 .
- the memory unit 130 is operatively coupled to the control unit 120 .
- the memory unit 130 may also be operatively coupled to the sensing unit 110 .
- Memory unit 130 for example, a flash memory type (flash memory type), a hard disk type (hard disk type), SSD type (Solid State Disk type), SDD type (Silicon Disk Drive type), multimedia card micro type (multimedia) card micro type), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM) ) may include at least one type of storage medium.
- the memory unit 130 may store data and programs required for an operation by the control unit 120 .
- the memory unit 130 may store data representing a result of the operation operation performed by the control unit 120 .
- the interface unit 140 is configured to support wired communication or wireless communication between the control unit 120 and the upper controller 2 (eg, ECU: Electronic Control Unit) of the electric vehicle 1 .
- Wired communication may be, for example, CAN (controller area network) communication
- wireless communication may be, for example, Zigbee or Bluetooth communication.
- the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited.
- the interface unit 140 may include an output device (eg, a display, a speaker) that provides information received from the control unit 120 and/or the upper controller 2 in a user-recognizable form.
- the switch driver 150 is electrically coupled to the control unit 120 and the switch SW.
- the switch driver 150 is configured to selectively output a first switching signal or a second switching signal to the switch SW in response to a command from the controller 120 .
- the controller 120 may instruct the switch driver 150 to turn on the switch SW during constant current charging or constant current discharging of the battery B.
- FIG. 2 is a graph exemplarily showing a voltage curve according to a deterioration state of a battery
- FIG. 3 is a graph exemplarily showing a differential voltage curve corresponding to the voltage curve of FIG. 2 .
- the first capacity loss rate is a parameter corresponding to the deterioration degree of the positive electrode of the battery B, and the current positive electrode of the battery B relative to the reference positive electrode capacity that is the positive electrode capacity of the new battery B Shows the rate of decrease in capacity.
- the positive electrode capacity refers to the total amount of lithium ions that can be maximally occluded in the positive electrode.
- the second capacity loss rate refers to a reduction rate of the available lithium capacity of the current battery (B) relative to the standard available lithium capacity that is the available lithium capacity of the battery (B) in a new state.
- the usable lithium capacity refers to the total amount of lithium ions that can participate in the redox reaction during charging and discharging.
- control unit 120 during constant current charging or constant current discharging of the battery B, based on the voltage and capacity of the battery B for each predetermined time recorded in the memory unit 130 .
- a voltage curve can be created.
- the voltage curve 201 represents the relationship between the capacity Q and the voltage V of the battery B in a new state.
- the voltage curve 202 represents the relationship between the capacity Q and the voltage V of the battery B having a first capacity loss rate of 0% and a second capacity loss rate of 10%.
- the voltage curve 203 represents the relationship between the capacity Q and the voltage V of the battery B having a first capacity loss rate of 5% and a second capacity loss rate of 10%.
- the voltage curve 204 represents the relationship between the capacity Q and the voltage V of the battery B having a first capacity loss rate of 10% and a second capacity loss rate of 10%.
- the capacity retention rate is a ratio of the current maximum capacity to the maximum capacity in a new state.
- the controller 120 may determine the differential voltage curves 301 to 304 by differentiating the voltage V of each of the voltage curves 201 to 204 by the capacitance Q. Differential voltage curves 301 to 304 are based on voltage curves 201 to 204, respectively.
- the control unit 120 determines, based on the voltage curves 201 to 204, a differential voltage dV/dQ, which is a ratio of the change amount dV of the voltage V to the change amount dQ of the capacity Q for each predetermined time, and determines the differential voltage dV/dQ between the capacitance Q and the differential voltage
- the differential voltage curves 301 to 304 as a data set representing the correspondence between dV/dQ may be recorded in the memory unit 130 .
- the differential voltage curve may be referred to as a 'Q-dV/dQ curve'.
- the controller 120 may detect a peak of interest P 1 to P4 from each of the differential voltage curves 301 to 304 .
- the peak of interest (P i ) of the differential voltage curve 30i may be a peak (eg, maximal point) that is located solely within a predetermined capacity range (eg, 35 to 45 Ah) have.
- the peaks of interest (P 1 to P 4 ) are due to a phase transition occurring at the positive electrode of the battery (B).
- a comparison of the interest peak (P 1) and interest peak (P 2), attention differential voltage of the peak (P 2) is the capacity of the same hand, attention peak (P 2) and the differential voltage of interest peak (P 1) of interest It is smaller than the capacity of the peak P 1 . That is, when the first capacity loss rate is the same, it can be seen that the capacity of the peak of interest tends to decrease as the second capacity loss rate increases.
- the controller 120 may determine the first difference based on the differential capacitance curve.
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest and the reference differential voltage.
- the reference differential voltage may be a differential voltage of the peak of interest P 1 .
- the first difference corresponding to the differential voltage curve 202 is 0 [V/Ah]
- the first difference corresponding to the differential voltage curve 203 is ⁇ DVA [V/Ah]
- the differential voltage The first difference corresponding to curve 204 is ⁇ DVB [V/Ah].
- the controller 120 may determine the second difference based on the differential capacitance curve.
- the second difference is the difference between the dose of the peak of interest and the reference dose.
- the reference dose may be the dose of the peak of interest (P 1 ).
- the second difference corresponding to the differential voltage curve 202 is ⁇ QA [Ah]
- the second difference corresponding to the differential voltage curve 203 is ⁇ QB [Ah]
- the differential voltage curve 204 is ⁇ QB [Ah].
- the second difference corresponding to ⁇ QC [Ah] is ⁇ QC [Ah].
- the controller 120 may determine the first capacity loss rate of the battery B based on the first difference. For example, when the differential capacity curve 303 is determined through constant current charging or constant current discharging of the battery B, the controller 120 may control the battery B based on the first difference ⁇ DVA corresponding to the differential capacity curve 303, It can be determined that the first capacity loss rate of (B) is equal to 5%.
- the controller 120 may determine a second capacity loss rate of the battery B based on the second difference. For example, when the differential capacity curve 302 is determined through constant current charging or constant current discharging of the battery B, the controller 120 may control the battery B based on the second difference ⁇ QA corresponding to the differential capacity curve 302, It can be determined that the second capacity loss rate of (B) is equal to 10%.
- the control unit 120 is configured to control a first capacity loss rate and a second capacity loss rate of the battery B based on the first difference and the second difference.
- the control unit 120 controls the first difference ⁇ DVB and the second difference ( ⁇ DVB) corresponding to the differential capacity curve 304 .
- ⁇ QC it may be determined that the first capacity loss rate of the battery B is equal to 10% and the second capacity loss rate of the battery B is equal to 10%.
- At least one of a first lookup table, a second lookup table, and a third lookup table may be previously recorded in the memory unit 130 .
- the first lookup table is a data set indicating a correspondence relationship between the first difference and the first capacity loss rate.
- a correspondence relationship between the first difference and the first capacity loss rate may be predetermined through experimentation or computer simulation.
- the controller 120 may determine the first capacity loss rate recorded in the first lookup table as corresponding to the determined first difference.
- the second lookup table is a data set indicating a correspondence relationship between the second difference and the second capacity loss rate.
- the correspondence relationship between the second difference and the first capacity loss rate may be predetermined through experimentation or computer simulation.
- the controller 120 may determine the second difference and then determine the second capacity loss rate recorded in the second lookup table as corresponding to the determined second difference. .
- the third lookup table is a data set indicating a correspondence relationship between the first difference, the second difference, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate.
- a correspondence relationship between the first difference, the second difference, the first capacity loss rate, and the second capacity loss rate may be predetermined through experimentation or computer simulation.
- the control unit 120 may determine the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate recorded in the third lookup table as corresponding to the determined first difference and the determined second difference. have.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- step S410 the controller 120 collects the battery B from the sensing unit 110 every predetermined time while the battery B is charged with a constant current or discharged with a constant current by the charge/discharge device 20 .
- a voltage curve indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity Q of the battery B and the voltage V is determined based on the sensed information indicating the voltage and current of the battery.
- step S420 the controller 120 determines a differential voltage curve based on the voltage curve determined in step S410 . For example, when the voltage curve 202 of FIG. 2 is determined in step S410 , the controller 120 may determine the differential voltage curve 302 of FIG. 3 from the voltage curve 202 . As another example, when the voltage curve 203 of FIG. 2 is determined in step S410 , the controller 120 may determine the differential voltage curve 303 of FIG. 3 from the voltage curve 203 .
- step S430 the controller 120 detects a peak of interest within a predetermined capacitance range appearing in the differential voltage curve determined in step S420 .
- the controller 120 may detect the peak P 2 of interest from the differential voltage curve 302 .
- the controller 120 may detect the peak P 3 of interest from the differential voltage curve 303 .
- step S440 the controller 120 determines whether the differential voltage of the peak of interest detected in step S430 is greater than a reference differential voltage. For example, when the differential voltage curve 303 of FIG. 3 is determined in step S420, the value of step S440 is “Yes”. If the value of step S440 is "YES”, the flow proceeds to step S450. A value of “No” in step S440 indicates that the differential voltage of the peak of interest is the same as the reference differential voltage. For example, when the differential voltage curve 302 of FIG. 3 is determined in step S420, the value of step S440 is “NO”. When the value of step S440 is “No”, the process may proceed to step S460.
- step S450 the controller 120 determines a first capacity loss rate of the battery B based on the first difference.
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest detected in step S430 and the reference differential voltage. For example, if the first difference is ⁇ DVA [V/Ah], 5% associated with ⁇ DVA [V/Ah] in the first lookup table may be determined as the first capacity loss rate.
- the controller 120 may write the first capacity loss rate determined in step S450 to the memory unit 130 .
- step S452 the controller 120 outputs a first diagnostic signal indicating the first capacity loss rate determined in step S450.
- the first diagnostic signal may be received by the interface unit 140 .
- the interface unit 140 may transmit the first diagnostic signal to the upper controller 2 .
- step S460 the controller 120 determines a second capacity loss rate of the battery B based on the second difference.
- the second difference is a difference between the dose of the peak of interest detected in step S430 and the reference dose. For example, if the second difference is ⁇ QA [Ah], 10% associated with ⁇ QA [Ah] in the second lookup table may be determined as the second capacity loss rate.
- step S462 the controller 120 outputs a second diagnostic signal indicating the second capacity loss rate determined in step S460.
- the second diagnostic signal may be received by the interface unit 140 .
- the interface unit 140 may transmit the second diagnostic signal to the upper controller 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- step S510 the controller 120 controls the sensing unit 110 every predetermined time while the battery B is charged or discharged with a constant current by the charge/discharge device 20 . ), a voltage curve representing a correspondence relationship between the capacity Q of the battery B and the voltage V is determined based on the sensed information representing the voltage and current of the battery.
- step S520 the controller 120 determines a differential voltage curve based on the voltage curve determined in step S510 . For example, when the voltage curve 204 of FIG. 2 is determined in step S510 , the controller 120 may determine the differential voltage curve 304 of FIG. 3 from the voltage curve 202 .
- step S530 the controller 120 detects a peak of interest within a predetermined capacitance range appearing in the differential voltage curve determined in step S520 .
- the controller 120 may detect the peak P 4 of interest from the differential voltage curve 304 .
- step S540 the controller 120 determines a first difference and a second difference based on the differential voltage and capacitance of the peak of interest detected in step S530 .
- the first difference is a difference between the differential voltage of the peak of interest detected in step S530 and the reference differential voltage.
- the second difference is a difference between the dose of the peak of interest detected in step S530 and the reference dose. For example, when the peak of interest P 4 of FIG. 3 is detected in step S530, ⁇ DVB and ⁇ QC are determined as the first difference and the second difference, respectively.
- step S560 the controller 120 outputs a diagnostic signal indicating the first capacity loss rate and the second capacity loss rate determined in step S550 .
- the diagnostic signal may be received by the interface unit 140 .
- the interface unit 140 may transmit a diagnostic signal to the upper controller 2 .
- the embodiment of the present invention described above is not implemented only through the apparatus and method, and may be implemented through a program for realizing a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium in which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description of the above-described embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 소정의 용량 범위 내에서 상전이 거동이 나타나는 양극재 및 상기 소정의 용량 범위에 걸쳐 평탄 특성을 가지는 음극재를 포함하는 배터리를 위한 배터리 관리 시스템에 있어서,상기 배터리의 전압 및 전류를 나타내는 센싱 정보를 출력하도록 구성되는 센싱부; 및상기 센싱부에 동작 가능하게 결합되는 제어부를 포함하되,상기 제어부는,상기 배터리가 정전류 충전 또는 정전류 방전되는 동안 수집된 상기 센싱 정보를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 용량과 상기 배터리의 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 전압 커브를 결정하고,상기 전압 커브를 기초로, 미분 전압 커브를 결정하되, 상기 미분 전압 커브는 상기 배터리의 용량과 상기 배터리의 용량의 변화량에 대한 상기 배터리의 전압의 변화량의 비율인 미분 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내고,상기 소정의 용량 범위 내에서 나타나는 상기 미분 전압 커브의 관심 피크를 검출하고,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압을 기초로, 상기 배터리의 양극 용량의 손실율을 나타내는 제1 용량 손실율을 결정하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 센싱부는,상기 배터리에 병렬 연결되는 전압 센서; 및상기 배터리에 직렬 연결되는 전류 센서를 포함하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압이 기준 미분 전압보다 큰 경우, 제1 차이를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 상기 제1 용량 손실율을 결정하도록 구성되되,상기 제1 차이는 상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압과 상기 기준 미분 전압 간의 차이인 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압이 기준 미분 전압과 동일한 경우, 상기 관심 피크의 용량을 기초로, 상기 배터리의 가용 리튬 용량의 손실율을 나타내는 제2 용량 손실율을 결정하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압이 기준 미분 전압과 동일한 경우, 제2 차이를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 상기 제2 용량 손실율을 결정하도록 구성되되,상기 제2 차이는, 상기 관심 피크의 용량과 기준 용량 간의 차이인 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,제1 차이 및 제2 차이를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 상기 제1 용량 손실율 및 상기 배터리의 가용 리튬 용량의 손실율을 나타내는 제2 용량 손실율을 결정하도록 구성되되,상기 제1 차이는, 상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압과 상기 기준 미분 전압 간의 차이이고,상기 제2 차이는, 상기 관심 피크의 용량과 상기 기준 용량 간의 차이인 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 상기 배터리 관리 시스템을 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제7항에 따른 상기 배터리 팩을 포함하는 전기 차량.
- 소정의 용량 범위 내에서 상전이 거동이 나타나는 양극재 및 상기 소정의 용량 범위에 걸쳐 평탄 특성을 가지는 음극재를 포함하는 배터리를 위한 배터리 관리 방법에 있어서,상기 배터리가 정전류 충전 또는 정전류 방전되는 동안 수집된 상기 배터리의 전압 및 전류를 나타내는 센싱 정보를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 용량과 상기 배터리의 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 전압 커브를 결정하는 단계;상기 전압 커브를 기초로, 미분 전압 커브를 결정하는 단계;상기 소정의 용량 범위 내에서 나타나는 상기 미분 전압 커브의 관심 피크를 검출하는 단계; 및상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압을 기초로, 상기 배터리의 양극 용량의 손실율을 나타내는 제1 용량 손실율을 결정하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 미분 전압 커브는 상기 배터리의 용량과 상기 배터리의 용량의 변화량에 대한 상기 배터리의 전압의 변화량의 비율인 미분 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 관리 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 배터리의 제1 용량 손실율을 결정하는 단계는,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압이 기준 미분 전압보다 큰 경우, 제1 차이를 기초로, 상기 배터리의 상기 제1 용량 손실율을 결정하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 제1 차이는 상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압과 상기 기준 미분 전압 간의 차이인 배터리 관리 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 관심 피크의 미분 전압이 상기 기준 미분 전압과 동일한 경우, 상기 관심 피크의 용량을 기초로, 상기 배터리의 가용 리튬 용량의 손실율을 나타내는 제2 용량 손실율을 결정하는 단계를 더 포함하는 배터리 관리 방법.
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| EP21814470.7A EP4053573B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | Battery management system, battery pack, electric vehicle and battery management method |
| PL21814470.7T PL4053573T3 (pl) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | System zarządzania akumulatorem, pakiet akumulatorowy, pojazd elektryczny oraz sposób zarządzania akumulatorem |
| CN202180004585.2A CN114174845B (zh) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | 电池管理系统、电池组、电动车辆和电池管理方法 |
| JP2022513376A JP7338101B2 (ja) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | バッテリー管理システム、バッテリーパック、電気車両及びバッテリー管理方法 |
| US17/783,691 US20230023014A1 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | Battery Management System, Battery Pack, Electric Vehicle and Battery Management Method |
| ES21814470T ES3058707T3 (en) | 2020-05-27 | 2021-04-19 | Battery management system, battery pack, electric vehicle and battery management method |
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| EP4682565A1 (en) * | 2023-10-06 | 2026-01-21 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Battery diagnosis apparatus and battery diagnosis method |
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| KR102890693B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-02 | 2025-11-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치, 배터리 팩, 배터리 시스템 및 배터리 진단 방법 |
| KR20250106953A (ko) | 2024-01-04 | 2025-07-11 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102927734B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-15 | 2026-02-12 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
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| CN110045293A (zh) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-23 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | 一种无损分析电池活性物质材料失效的方法 |
| CN110988086B (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2022-08-19 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | 一种检测电池循环过程中电极材料结构稳定性的方法 |
| CN111060830A (zh) | 2019-11-25 | 2020-04-24 | 浙江遨优动力系统有限公司 | 软包锂电池正极容量的检测方法 |
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| JP2025507487A (ja) * | 2022-03-29 | 2025-03-21 | ビーワイディー カンパニー リミテッド | 電池容量決定方法及び装置、並びに記憶媒体 |
| JP7844638B2 (ja) | 2022-03-29 | 2026-04-13 | ビーワイディー カンパニー リミテッド | 電池容量決定方法及び装置、並びに記憶媒体 |
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| JP2022545940A (ja) | 2022-11-01 |
| PL4053573T3 (pl) | 2026-04-20 |
| US20230023014A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 |
| EP4053573A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
| EP4053573A4 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
| CN114174845A (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
| CN114174845B (zh) | 2024-04-09 |
| ES3058707T3 (en) | 2026-03-12 |
| KR20210146699A (ko) | 2021-12-06 |
| KR102816638B1 (ko) | 2025-06-02 |
| EP4053573B1 (en) | 2025-12-10 |
| JP7338101B2 (ja) | 2023-09-05 |
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