WO2021254154A1 - 铝合金及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents

铝合金及其制备方法、应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021254154A1
WO2021254154A1 PCT/CN2021/097984 CN2021097984W WO2021254154A1 WO 2021254154 A1 WO2021254154 A1 WO 2021254154A1 CN 2021097984 W CN2021097984 W CN 2021097984W WO 2021254154 A1 WO2021254154 A1 WO 2021254154A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
content
alloy according
mpa
thermal conductivity
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PCT/CN2021/097984
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宫清
郭强
王梦得
王�华
翟玉山
刘晓蕊
胡邦红
安维
付景松
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BYD Co Ltd
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP21826605.4A priority Critical patent/EP4170051A4/en
Publication of WO2021254154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254154A1/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and specifically relates to aluminum alloys and preparation methods and applications thereof.
  • Die casting is a precision casting method that uses high pressure to force the molten metal into a metal mold with a complicated shape. Die-casting parts cast by die-casting have very small dimensional tolerances and high surface accuracy. In most cases, die-casting parts can be assembled and applied without turning.
  • the die-casting of aluminum alloy has higher requirements on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy materials, such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and fluidity of the melt.
  • the present application provides an aluminum alloy, in terms of mass percentage, comprising: 9-11% Si, 0.001-0.2% Mg, 0.3-0.7% Fe, 0.003-0.04% Sr, 0.003-0.03 % B, 0.001-0.2% Zn, 0.001%-0.1% Cu, 0.001%-0.09% Mn, less than 0.05% Cr, 0.002-0.05% Ga, 0.001-0.01% Mo, and the balance The total amount of aluminum and other elements is less than 0.1%.
  • the content of Cr is 0.002% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.05%.
  • the mass ratio of Sr and B is (1 ⁇ 1.6):1.
  • the mass ratio of Sr, B and Ga is (1-2):1:(1.5-2).
  • the mass ratio of Si, Fe, Mn and Mg is (19-16):1:(0.1-0.13):(0.1-0.14).
  • the mass ratio of Fe and Mo is 1: (0.002 ⁇ 0.008).
  • the other elements include one or more of Pb, Bi, and Sb.
  • the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 140-170 MPa, a tensile strength of 220-300 MPa, an elongation of 7-15%, and a thermal conductivity of 170-177 W/(k ⁇ m).
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing the aluminum alloy as described above, including the following steps: weighing the required ratio of raw materials according to the ratio of each element in the aluminum alloy; adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain Molten liquid: The molten liquid is cast after slag removal and refining and degassing treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot; the aluminum alloy ingot is die-casted into shape.
  • the method further includes: artificially aging the aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the treatment temperature of the artificial aging treatment is 320-330°C, and the treatment time is 3 to 4 hours.
  • the yield strength of the aluminum alloy after the artificial aging treatment is 100-120 MPa
  • the tensile strength is 220-241 MPa
  • the elongation is 8-15%
  • the thermal conductivity is 191-199 W/(k ⁇ m).
  • this application also provides the application of the aluminum alloy as described above on the radiator.
  • the present application also provides a heat sink, at least a part of the heat sink is made of the aluminum alloy as described above.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the aluminum alloy provided by this application, by adjusting the ratio control of each element in the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy has a higher yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and it is guaranteed to have higher yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation without sacrificing various mechanical properties. High thermal conductivity, excellent fluidity at the same time, the material has low process requirements, and has good process adaptability.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an aluminum alloy, in terms of mass percentage, comprising: 9-11% Si, 0.001-0.2% Mg, 0.3-0.7% Fe, 0.003-0.04% Sr, 0.003-0.03 % B, 0.001-0.2% Zn, 0.001%-0.1% Cu, 0.001%-0.09% Mn, less than 0.05% Cr, 0.002-0.05% Ga, 0.001-0.01% Mo, and the balance The total amount of aluminum and other elements is less than 0.1%.
  • the aluminum alloy includes the following components by mass percentage: the content of Si is 9-11%, the content of Mg is 0.001-0.2%, the content of Fe is 0.3-0.7%, and the content of Sr is 0.003-0.04%, The content of B is 0.003 ⁇ 0.03%, the content of Zn is 0.001 ⁇ 0.2%, the content of Cu is 0.001 ⁇ 0.1%, the content of Mn is 0.001 ⁇ 0.09%, the content of Cr is less than 0.05%, and the content of Ga is 0.002 ⁇ 0.05. %, the content of Mo is 0.001-0.01%, the balance is aluminum and other elements, and the total amount of the other elements is less than 0.1%.
  • the content of Si is 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.7% or 9.8%, and the content of Mg is 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.09%, 0.11%, 0.15% or 0.19%
  • the content of Fe is 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.43% or 0.52%
  • the content of Sr is 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.011%, 0.015%, 0.021% or 0.025%
  • the content of B is 0.005% , 0.01%, 0.011%, 0.015%, 0.016% or 0.019%
  • the content of Zn is 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.09%, 0.12% or 0.17%
  • the content of Cu is 0.005 %, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05% or 0.09%
  • the content of Mn is 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05% or 0.09%
  • the content of Cr is 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% or 0.05%
  • the content of Ga is 0.005%, 0.0
  • the content of Cu is 0.001-0.1%, and the content of Mn is 0.001-0.09%. Adding a small amount of Cu and Mn to the aluminum alloy can slightly improve the yield strength and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy material.
  • the content of Cr is 0.002% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 0.05%, such as 0.002%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, etc.
  • the mass ratio of Sr and B is (1 ⁇ 1.6):1, specifically such as 1:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.4:1, 1.5:1, 1.6 :1 and so on.
  • the addition of Sr and B can greatly improve the internal structure of the aluminum alloy, and also has a better effect on the quality of castings.
  • the refinement mechanism is mainly caused by the generation of refined grains in the aluminum alloy by Sr and B, which makes the coarse cohesive
  • the crystalline silicon becomes smaller and fibrillated, and Al and B react to form AlB 2 which can reduce the solid solubility of impurity elements.
  • the B element promotes the refinement of the structure grains and optimizes the structure.
  • the mass ratio of Sr, B and Ga is (1 ⁇ 2):1:(1.5 ⁇ 2), specifically such as 1:1:1.5, 1.5:1:1.5, 2:1:1.5 , 1:1:2, 1.5:1:2, 2:1:2, etc.
  • the addition of Ga element can increase the nucleation rate and reduce the growth rate of crystal nuclei, which can refine the crystal grains, improve the mechanical properties, optimize the intergranular structure, improve the heat conduction efficiency, and increase the strength.
  • the role of. When Ga>0.05%, the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy drop sharply.
  • the addition of Ga element can significantly improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy after heat treatment.
  • Ga is 0.002 ⁇ 0.05%, the yield strength of aluminum alloy after heat treatment at 320°C can be maintained. Between 100-120Mpa, and only relying on modifiers Sr and B, the yield strength of aluminum alloy after heat treatment under the same conditions is only 95Mpa.
  • the element content is 0.003 ⁇ 0.04% of Sr
  • the content of B is 0.003 ⁇ 0.03%
  • the thermal conductivity of the product has risen sharply and reached the highest value, while the mechanical properties will not drop too much, and can be maintained between 100 and 120Mpa.
  • the mass ratio of Si, Fe, Mn and Mg is (19-16):1:(0.1 ⁇ 0.13): (0.1 ⁇ 0.14), for example, 19:1:0.1:0.1, 18 :1:0.1:0.1, 17:1:0.1:0.1, 16:1:0.1:0.1, 16:1:0.12:0.1, 16:1:0.13:0.1, 16:1:0.1:0.12, 16::1 :0.1:0.14 etc.
  • the Si within the above ratio not only guarantees the good fluidity and fillability of the aluminum alloy, but also guarantees better mechanical properties without sacrificing the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. After artificial aging, the thermal conductivity can reach 198W/ (M ⁇ k). When the Si content is too low, the fluidity of the aluminum alloy is poor, it is difficult to form more complex thin-walled parts, and the mechanical properties are low. When the Si content is too high, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is lower. When the Fe content exceeds the above range, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is lower. In the case of ensuring the good fluidity and stickiness of the aluminum alloy and excellent mechanical properties, the mass ratio of Si and Fe is (19-16):1, and the Fe content is strictly controlled at 0.3-0.7%. In the range.
  • a small amount of Mg and Fe are added to the aluminum alloy, and react with Si to form Mg 2 Si and Al 12 Fe 3 Si. It increases the strength of the aluminum alloy and also has a positive reaction to the heat treatment, which can increase the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy and make the After artificial aging, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved, and the mechanical properties are not reduced too much.
  • Fe and Mn elements can reduce the reaction of aluminum alloy and mold during die-casting molding, reduce aluminum alloy sticky mold, and can be used to form more complex and precise structures.
  • the Fe content is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7%
  • the Mn element content meets 0.001% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.09%
  • the mass ratio of Fe to Mn meets the ratio of 1: (0.1 to 0.13), when the Mn element
  • the content is too high, the combined effect with Fe will have a greater impact on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and will not improve the moldability of the aluminum alloy.
  • the dispersed granular Al 15 (FeMn) 3 Si 2 in the aluminum alloy can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation substrate for the aging strengthening phase Mg 2 Si to promote Mg 2
  • the precipitation of Si phase also increases the solid solubility of Fe, so that the aluminum alloy has a better combined effect of strong plasticity.
  • the mass ratio of Fe and Mo is 1: (0.002 ⁇ 0.008), such as 1:0.002, 1:0.003, 1:0.004, 1:0.005, 1:0.006, 1:0.007, 1. :0.008 etc.
  • the hardness and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are significantly improved.
  • the combination of Fe and Mo can effectively increase the strength and hardness of the Al-Fe matrix. Excessive Mo content will reduce the toughness of the aluminum alloy.
  • the Mo element effectively increases the number of solute atoms in the solid solution and improves the ⁇ structure of the aluminum alloy.
  • the stability of the aluminum alloy increases the resistance of the dislocation movement due to the interaction between the solute atoms and the dislocations, so that the microhardness of the aluminum alloy increases with the increase of the Mo element.
  • the other elements include one or more of Pb, Bi, and Sb.
  • the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 140-170 MPa (specifically, such as 140 MPa, 145 MPa, 150 MPa, 155 MPa, 160 MPa, 165 MPa, 170 MPa, etc.), and a tensile strength of 220-280 MPa (specifically, such as 220 MPa, 230 MPa, 240MPa, 250MPa, 260MPa, 270MPa, 280MPa, etc.), the elongation is 7-15% (specifically, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.) ,
  • the thermal conductivity is 170 ⁇ 177W/(k ⁇ m) (specifically 170W/(k ⁇ m), 171W/(k ⁇ m), 172W/(k ⁇ m), 173W/(k ⁇ m), 174W/ (k ⁇ m), 175W/(k ⁇ m), 176W/(k ⁇ m), 177W/(k ⁇ m), etc.).
  • a method for preparing the aluminum alloy as described above includes the following operation steps:
  • the method may include the following steps: weigh the raw materials in the required proportions according to the proportions of the elements in the aluminum alloy, add the raw materials to the smelting furnace for smelting, and cast after slag removal and refining and degassing to obtain the aluminum alloy Cast the ingot, and then die-cast the aluminum alloy ingot into shape.
  • the raw materials include aluminum-containing materials, Si-containing materials, Mg-containing materials, Fe-containing materials, Sr-containing materials, B-containing materials, Zn-containing materials, Cu-containing materials, Mn-containing materials, Cr-containing materials, Ga-containing materials, and Mo-containing materials material.
  • the Mo-containing material can be a material that can provide various elements required for preparing the die-cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and can be an alloy containing the above-mentioned elements or a pure element, as long as the aluminum alloy material is smelted and the composition of the aluminum alloy is within The above range is sufficient.
  • the method further includes: artificially aging the aluminum alloy ingot.
  • the treatment temperature of artificial aging treatment is 320 ⁇ 330°C (specifically, 320°C, 321°C, 322°C, 323°C, 324°C, 325°C, 326°C, 327°C, 328°C, 329°C, 330°C, etc. )
  • the treatment time is 3 to 4h (specifically, 3h, 3.5h, 4h, etc.).
  • the yield strength of the artificially aged aluminum alloy is 100-120 MPa (specifically, 100 MPa, 105 MPa, 110 MPa, 115 MPa, 120 MPa, etc.), and the tensile strength is 220-241 MPa (220 MPa, 225 MPa, 230 MPa, 235 MPa).
  • the elongation rate is 8-15% (specifically, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.)
  • the thermal conductivity is 191 ⁇ 199W/(k ⁇ M) (specifically, 191W/(k ⁇ m), 192W/(k ⁇ m), 193W/(k ⁇ m), 194W/(k ⁇ m), 195W/(k ⁇ m), 196W/(k ⁇ M), 197W/(k ⁇ m), 198W/(k ⁇ m), 199W/(k ⁇ m), etc.).
  • the yield strength and tensile strength of the artificially aged aluminum alloy will decrease to a certain extent, its thermal conductivity will increase with the increase of the processing temperature.
  • the application of the aluminum alloy as described above on a radiator is provided.
  • the present application provides a heat sink including the aluminum alloy as described above, or at least a part of the heat sink is composed of the aluminum alloy as described above.
  • the heat dissipation effect of the radiator can be effectively improved, and at the same time, it is ensured that the radiator has good mechanical properties and can meet various requirements of the die-casting process.
  • This embodiment is used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in this application, including the following operation steps:
  • the aluminum alloy components are calculated by mass content: Si content is 10%, Mg content is 0.05%, Fe content is 0.6%, Sr content is 0.015%, and B content is 0.01%.
  • the content of Zn is 0.02%, the content of Cu is 0.05%, the content of Mn is 0.07%, the content of Cr is 0.002%, the content of Ga is 0.02%, the content of Mo is 0.003%, the balance is Al and the inevitable Impurities, the inevitable impurity content is less than 0.1%.
  • the mass content of the above aluminum alloy components calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals, and then add various master alloys or simple metals to the melting furnace for smelting.
  • a slag remover is added to the molten metal to perform a slag removal operation, and then a refining agent is added to the molten metal to perform a refining and degassing operation, and an aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting.
  • Examples 2 to 36 are used to illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present application, including most of the operation steps in Example 1. The difference lies in:
  • Examples 2 to 36 in Table 1 calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals according to the mass content of the above aluminum alloy components, and then add various master alloys or simple metals into the melting furnace Smelting, adding a slag remover to the molten metal for slag removal, and then adding a refining agent to the molten metal for refining and degassing, and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.
  • This comparative example is used to compare and illustrate the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof disclosed in the present application, and includes the following operation steps:
  • the aluminum alloy components are calculated by mass content: Si content is 10%, Mg content is 0.07%, Fe content is 0.6%, Sr content is 0.015%, and B content is 0.01%.
  • the content of Zn is 0.02%, the content of Cu is 0.05%, the content of Mn is 0.07%, the content of Cr is 0.002%, the content of Ga is 0.018%, the content of Mo is 0.003%, the balance is Al and the inevitable Impurities, the inevitable impurity content is less than 0.1%.
  • the mass content of the above aluminum alloy components calculate the required quality of various master alloys or simple metals, and then add various master alloys or simple metals to the melting furnace for smelting.
  • a slag remover is added to the molten metal to perform a slag removal operation, and then a refining agent is added to the molten metal to perform a refining and degassing operation, and an aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting.
  • Comparative Examples 2-19 are used to compare and illustrate the aluminum alloy disclosed in the present application and the preparation method thereof, including most of the operation steps in Example 1. The difference lies in:
  • the aluminum alloy is made into a ⁇ 12.7 ⁇ 3mm ingot thermal conductive wafer, and the graphite coating is sprayed uniformly on both sides of the sample to be tested; the processed sample is placed in a laser thermal conductivity instrument for testing. According to "ASTM E1461 Standard Method for Measuring Thermal Diffusion Coefficient by Flash Method", the laser thermal conductivity test was performed.
  • the aluminum alloys prepared in the foregoing Examples 1-36 and Comparative Examples 1-19 were subjected to artificial aging treatment at 320° C. for 3 hours, and the artificial aging treatment was performed on the above performance test of the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloys provided in this application have better mechanical strength and can meet the requirements of the die-casting process, while taking into account better thermal conductivity, Elongation and die-casting formability, in particular, the aluminum alloy provided by the present application has excellent thermal conductivity, and is particularly suitable for applications in heat dissipation materials.

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Abstract

提供了铝合金及其制备方法、应用，按照质量百分比计，该铝合金包括：9～11％的Si，0.001～0.2％的Mg，0.3～0.7％的Fe，0.003～0.04％的Sr，0.003～0.03％的B，0.001～0.2％的Zn，0.001％～0.1％的Cu，0.001％～0.09％的Mn，小于0.05％的Cr，0.002～0.05％的Ga，0.001～0.01％的Mo，以及余量的铝及其他元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。

Description

铝合金及其制备方法、应用 技术领域
本申请属于铝合金技术领域，具体涉及铝合金及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
压铸是利用高压强制将金属熔液压入形状复杂的金属模内的精密铸造法。经由压铸而铸成的压铸件之尺寸公差甚小，表面精度较高，在大多数的情况下，压铸件不需再车削加工即可装配应用。铝合金的压铸对铝合金的材料力学性能，如屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、熔体的流动性等具有较高的要求。
现有的压铸铝合金材料在进行压铸时，在综合考虑材料的各方面性能的条件下，例如要考虑屈服强度、抗拉伸强度、延伸率等各项力学性能，往往需要牺牲材料的导热性能，使得现有的压铸铝合金在作为散热材料使用时散热性能下降。
申请内容
针对现有的铝合金无法兼顾力学性能和散热性要求的问题，本申请提供了铝合金及其制备方法、应用。
本申请解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一方面，本申请提供了一种铝合金，按照质量百分比计，包括：9～11％的Si，0.001～0.2％的Mg，0.3～0.7％的Fe，0.003～0.04％的Sr，0.003～0.03％的B，0.001～0.2％的Zn，0.001％～0.1％的Cu，0.001％～0.09％的Mn，小于0.05％的Cr，0.002～0.05％的Ga，0.001～0.01％的Mo，以及余量的铝及其他元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
可选的，Cr的含量为0.002％≤Cr＜0.05％。
可选的，Sr和B的质量比为(1～1.6):1。
可选的，Sr、B和Ga的质量比为(1～2):1:(1.5～2)。
可选的，Si、Fe、Mn和Mg的质量比为(19～16):1:(0.1～0.13)：(0.1～0.14)。
可选的，Fe和Mo的质量比为1：(0.002～0.008)。
可选的，所述其他元素包括Pb、Bi、Sb中的一种或多种。
可选的，所述铝合金的屈服强度为140～170MPa，抗拉强度为220～300MPa，延伸率为7～15％，导热率为170～177W/(k·m)。
另一方面，本申请还提供了如上所述的铝合金的制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：按照 铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料；将原料加入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，得到熔液；将熔液经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸，得到铝合金铸锭；将铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
可选的，该方法还包括：对所述铝合金铸锭进行人工时效处理。
可选的，人工时效处理的处理温度为320～330℃，处理时间为3～4h。
可选的，人工时效处理后的铝合金的屈服强度为100～120MPa，抗拉强度为220～241MPa，延伸率为8～15％，导热率为191～199W/(k·m)。
另一方面，本申请还提供了如上所述的铝合金在散热器上的应用。
又一方面，本申请还提供了一种散热器，该散热器的至少一部分是由如上所述的铝合金构成的。
根据本申请提供的铝合金，通过调整铝合金中各元素的配比控制，使得铝合金拥有较高的屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率，且在不牺牲各项力学性能的前提下保证有很高的导热率，同时流动性极佳，材料对工艺要求较低，具有良好的工艺适应性。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请的实施例提供了一种铝合金，按照质量百分比计，包括：9～11％的Si，0.001～0.2％的Mg，0.3～0.7％的Fe，0.003～0.04％的Sr，0.003～0.03％的B，0.001～0.2％的Zn，0.001％～0.1％的Cu，0.001％～0.09％的Mn，小于0.05％的Cr，0.002～0.05％的Ga，0.001～0.01％的Mo，以及余量的铝及其他元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。或者说，该铝合金包括如下质量百分比的组分：Si的含量为9～11％，Mg的含量为0.001～0.2％，Fe的含量为0.3～0.7％，Sr的含量为0.003～0.04％，B的含量为0.003～0.03％，Zn的含量为0.001～0.2％，Cu的含量为0.001～0.1％，Mn的含量为0.001～0.09％，Cr的含量＜0.05％，Ga的含量为0.002～0.05％，Mo的含量为0.001～0.01％，余量为铝及其他元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
在一些具体的实施例中，所述Si的含量为9.4％、9.5％、9.7％或9.8％，所述Mg的含量为0.05％、0.07％、0.09％、0.11％、0.15％或0.19％，所述Fe的含量为0.3％、0.32％、0.43％或0.52％，所述Sr的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.011％、0.015％、0.021％或0.025％，所述B的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.011％、0.015％、0.016％或0.019％，所述Zn的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.02％、0.05％、0.09％、0.12％或0.17％，所述Cu的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.02％、0.05％或0.09％，所述Mn的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.02％、0.05％或0.09％，所述Cr的 含量为0.01％、0.02％、0.03％或0.05％，所述Ga的含量为0.005％、0.01％、0.02％或0.03％，所述Mo的含量为0.003％、0.005％、0.006％或0.009％。
在一些实施例中，所述铝合金中，Cu的含量为0.001～0.1％，Mn的含量为0.001～0.09％。在铝合金中添加少量的Cu，Mn，使得铝合金材料屈服强度及导热性能均有稍微提升。
在一些实施例中，Cr的含量为0.002％≤Cr＜0.05％，具体如0.002％、0.01％、0.02％、0.03％、0.04％、0.05％等。
在一些具体的实施例中，Sr和B的质量比为(1～1.6):1，具体如1:1、1.1:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.4:1、1.5:1、1.6:1等。
Sr和B的添加对铝合金内部结构有较大的改善，对铸件质量的提高也有较好的作用，其细化机制主要由Sr和B对铝合金内部产生细化晶粒，使得粗大的共晶硅变得更加细小且纤维化，且Al与B反应生成AlB 2可以起到减少杂质元素的固溶度的作用，B元素促进了组织晶粒的细化，优化了组织结构，当Sr＞0.04％并且B＞0.03％时，铝合金力学性能上升明显，但热导率下降严重；当Sr＜0.003％且B＜0.003％时，粗大的共晶硅致使晶间导热效率下降严重，铝合金导热性能下降，且力学性能也较低。而铝合金中Sr＞0.04％但B＜0.003％时，铝合金力学性能上升明显而热导率又有明显下降。经过调整测试，当铝合金中符合加入的Sr和B的含量在0.003％＜Sr＜0.04％及0.003％＜B＜0.03％范围内，且Sr：B＝1:1～1.6:1时具有最好的性能表现。
在一些具体的实施例中，Sr、B和Ga的质量比为(1～2):1:(1.5～2)，具体如1:1:1.5、1.5:1:1.5、2:1:1.5、1:1:2、1.5:1:2、2:1:2等。
在加入Sr和B的条件下，Ga元素的加入可以使形核率增加并且晶核长大速率减小，具有细化晶粒，提升力学性能，优化晶间结构，提高导热效率，并且提高强度的作用。当Ga＞0.05％时，铝合金力学性能急剧下降，Ga元素的加入可显著改善铝合金热处理后的力学性能，当Ga为0.002～0.05％时，铝合金在经过320℃热处理后屈服强度可保持在100～120Mpa之间，而仅依靠变质剂Sr和B，铝合金在经过同条件热处理后屈服强度仅为95Mpa。
经过调整，当铝合金的性能表现达到最好时，元素含量在Sr的含量为0.003～0.04％，B的含量为0.003～0.03％，Ga的含量为0.002～0.05％的范围内存在Sr：B：Ga＝(1～2):1:(1.5～2)的关系，在保证F态的力学性能的同时，可以保证较高热导率，且在经过320℃，3h保温的人工时效后铝合金的热导率大幅上升，并达到最高值，同时力学性能不至于下降过多，可以保持在100～120Mpa之间。
在一些具体的实施例中，Si、Fe、Mn和Mg的质量比为(19～16):1:(0.1～0.13)： (0.1～0.14)，具体如19:1:0.1:0.1、18:1:0.1:0.1、17:1:0.1:0.1、16:1:0.1:0.1、16:1:0.12:0.1、16:1:0.13:0.1、16:1:0.1:0.12、16:1:0.1:0.14等。
上述比例范围内的Si不仅保证了铝合金良好的流动性，充型性，同时在不牺牲铝合金热导率情况下保证了较好的力学性能，经过人工时效后热导率可以达到198W/(M·k)。当Si含量过低时，铝合金流动性较差，不易成型较复杂薄壁件，且力学性能较低。而Si含量过高时，铝合金热导率较低。Fe含量超出上述范围时铝合金热导率较低。在保证铝合金较好的流动性和粘模性且力学性能优异的情况下，Si和Fe存在质量比为(19～16):1的关系，且此时Fe含量严格控制在0.3～0.7％的范围内。
铝合金中添加少量的Mg和Fe，并与Si反应生成Mg 2Si及Al 12Fe 3Si，在增加铝合金的强度同时对热处理也有正向反应，可以提高铝合金的热导率，使经人工时效后的铝合金热导率大幅提高，同时不至于力学性能下降过多。
Fe与Mn的含量关系也影响铝合金的导热性能和粘模性，Fe和Mn元素可以减少铝合金在压铸成型时和模具的反应，减少铝合金粘模，可用于成型更多结构复杂、精密的器件，当Fe含量在0.3～0.7％的范围内时，Mn元素含量满足0.001％＜Mn＜0.09％，且Fe和Mn的质量比满足1：(0.1～0.13)的比例关系，当Mn元素含量过高时，与Fe综合作用对铝合金导热性能影响较大，并且对铝合金粘模性没有提高。
另一方面，虽然加入适量的Fe、Mn可减少铝合金压铸时的粘模现象，但针状铁素体在晶体表面会阻挡材料滑移等运动，不仅影响铝合金流动性，同时降低晶间导热效率，Mn与Al生成Al 6Mn相同样会降低铝合金机加工性能。所以当复合加入上述比例的Mg、Fe、Si和Mn时，铝合金内产生弥散分布的粒状Al 15(FeMn) 3Si 2可作为时效强化相Mg 2Si的异质形核衬底，促进Mg 2Si相析出，同时也提高了Fe的固溶度，使铝合金获得了较好的强塑性综合作用。
在一些具体的实施例中，Fe和Mo的质量比为1：(0.002～0.008)，具体如1:0.002、1:0.003、1:0.004、1:0.005、1:0.006、1:0.007、1:0.008等。
Mo含量在0.001～0.01％时，铝合金的硬度及力学性能有明显提升。Fe和Mo结合会有效提高Al-Fe基体的强度和硬度，其中，Mo含量过高会导致铝合金韧性降低，同时Mo元素有效的提高了固溶体的溶质原子数量，提高了铝合金组织中β组织的稳定性，由于溶质原子和位错之间的交互作用从而增加了位错运动的阻力，使铝合金的显微硬度随Mo元素的增加而增加。
在一些实施例中，所述其他元素包括Pb、Bi、Sb中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，所述铝合金的屈服强度为140～170MPa(具体如140MPa、145MPa、 150MPa、155MPa、160MPa、165MPa、170MPa等)，抗拉强度为220～280MPa(具体如220MPa、230MPa、240MPa、250MPa、260MPa、270MPa、280MPa等)，延伸率为7～15％(具体如7％、8％、9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％等)，导热率为170～177W/(k·m)(具体如170W/(k·m)、171W/(k·m)、172W/(k·m)、173W/(k·m)、174W/(k·m)、175W/(k·m)、176W/(k·m)、177W/(k·m)等)。
需要说明的是，所述铝合金的上述性能是在铝合金未经人工时效状态下的测试参数。
本申请的另一方面，提供了如上所述的铝合金的制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：
按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料；将原料加入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，得到熔液；将熔液经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸，得到铝合金铸锭；将铝合金铸锭压铸成型。换句话说，该方法可以包括以下步骤：按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料，在熔炼炉中加入原料进行熔炼，经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸得到铝合金铸锭，再将铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
所述原料包括含铝料、含Si料、含Mg料、含Fe料、含Sr料、含B料、含Zn料、含Cu料、含Mn料、含Cr料、含Ga料和含Mo料。本申请中，所述含铝料、含Si料、含Mg料、含Fe料、含Sr料、含B料、含Zn料、含Cu料、含Mn料、含Cr料、含Ga料和含Mo料可以是能够提供制备本发明的压铸铝合金所需各种元素的物料，可以是含上述元素的合金或纯单质，只要加入的铝合金原料熔炼后得到的铝合金中的组成成分在上述范围内即可。
在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：对所述铝合金铸锭进行人工时效处理。具体的，人工时效处理的处理温度为320～330℃(具体如320℃、321℃、322℃、323℃、324℃、325℃、326℃、327℃、328℃、329℃、330℃等)，处理时间为3～4h(具体如3h、3.5h、4h等)。
在一些实施例中，人工时效处理后的铝合金的屈服强度为100～120MPa(具体如100MPa、105MPa、110MPa、115MPa、120MPa等)，抗拉强度为220～241MPa(220MPa、225MPa、230MPa、235MPa、240MPa等)，延伸率为8～15％(具体如8％、9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％等)，导热率为191～199W/(k·m)(具体如191W/(k·m)、192W/(k·m)、193W/(k·m)、194W/(k·m)、195W/(k·m)、196W/(k·m)、197W/(k·m)、198W/(k·m)、199W/(k·m)等)。
经过人工时效后的铝合金虽然在屈服强度和抗拉强度上会有一定程度的下降，但其导热率则随着处理温度的升高而升高。
本申请的另一方面，提供了如上所述的铝合金在散热器上的应用。换句话说，本申请提供了一种散热器，该散热器包括如上所述的铝合金，或者说该散热器的至少一部分是由 如上所述的铝合金构成的。
通过将所述铝合金应用于散热器上，能够有效提高散热器的散热效果，同时也保证了散热器具有较好的力学性能，能够满足压铸工艺的各项要求。
以下通过实施例对本申请进行进一步的说明。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000005
实施例1
本实施例用于说明本申请公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：
按表1所示，铝合金成分以质量含量计为：Si的含量为10％，Mg的含量为0.05％，Fe的含量为0.6％，Sr的含量为0.015％，B的含量为0.01％，Zn的含量为0.02％，Cu的含量为0.05％，Mn的含量为0.07％，Cr的含量为0.002％，Ga的含量为0.02％，Mo的含量为0.003％，余量为Al和不可避免的杂质，不可避免的杂质含量低于0.1％，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。
实施例2～36
实施例2～36用于说明本申请公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤，其不同之处在于：
采用表1中实施例2～36所示的铝合金成分，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。
对比例1
本对比例用于对比说明本申请公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括以下操作步骤：
按表1所示，铝合金成分以质量含量计为：Si的含量为10％，Mg的含量为0.07％，Fe的含量为0.6％，Sr的含量为0.015％，B的含量为0.01％，Zn的含量为0.02％，Cu的含量为0.05％，Mn的含量为0.07％，Cr的含量为0.002％，Ga的含量为0.018％，Mo的含量为0.003％，余量为Al和不可避免的杂质，不可避免的杂质含量低于0.1％，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。
对比例2～19
对比例2～19用于对比说明本申请公开的铝合金及其制备方法，包括实施例1中大部分的操作步骤，其不同之处在于：
采用表1中对比例2～19所示的铝合金成分，根据上述铝合金成分的质量含量计算所需的各种中间合金或金属单质的质量，然后将各种中间合金或金属单质加入熔炼炉进行熔炼，往熔融的金属中加入除渣剂进行除渣操作，然后往熔融的金属中加入精炼剂进行精炼除气操作，浇铸得到铝合金铸锭。
性能测试
对上述实施例1-36和对比例1-19制备得到的铝合金进行如下性能测试：
拉伸强度测试：
采用《GB/T 228.1-2010金属材料拉伸试验第一部分：室温试验方法》测试材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率。
热导率测试：
将铝合金制成φ12.7×3mm的铸锭导热圆片，在待测试样的两面均匀喷涂石墨涂层；将处理好的试样放入激光导热仪中进行测试。按照《ASTM E1461闪光法测定热扩散系数的标准方法》，进行激光导热测试。
将上述实施例1-36和对比例1-19制备得到的铝合金进行320℃，3h的人工时效处理，将人工时效处理后的铝合金进行如上的性能测试。
得到的测试结果填入表2。
表2
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021097984-appb-000011
从表1的测试结果可以看出，相对于本申请提供元素范围外的铝合金，本申请提供的铝合金具有较好的力学强度，能够满足压铸工艺的要求，同时兼顾较好的热传导性能、延伸率和压铸成型性，尤其是，本申请提供的铝合金导热性优异，尤其适合在散热材料上的应用。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种铝合金，其特征在于，按照质量百分比计，包括：
    9～11％的Si，0.001～0.2％的Mg，0.3～0.7％的Fe，0.003～0.04％的Sr，0.003～0.03％的B，0.001～0.2％的Zn，0.001％～0.1％的Cu，0.001％～0.09％的Mn，小于0.05％的Cr，0.002～0.05％的Ga，0.001～0.01％的Mo，以及余量的铝及其他元素，所述其他元素的总量低于0.1％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铝合金，其特征在于，Cr的含量为0.002％≤Cr＜0.05％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的铝合金，其特征在于，Sr和B的质量比为(1～1.6):1。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任意一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，Sr、B和Ga的质量比为(1～2):1:(1.5～2)。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任意一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，Si、Fe、Mn和Mg的质量比为(19～16):1:(0.1～0.13)：(0.1～0.14)。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任意一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，Fe和Mo的质量比为1：(0.002～0.008)。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任意一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述其他元素包括Pb、Bi、Sb中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任意一项所述的铝合金，其特征在于，所述铝合金的屈服强度为140～170MPa，抗拉强度为220～300MPa，延伸率为7～15％，导热率为170～177W/(k·m)。
  9. 如权利要求1～8中任意一项所述的铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
    按照铝合金中各元素配比称取所需比例的原料；
    将所述原料加入熔炼炉中进行熔炼，得到熔液；
    将所述熔液经过除渣和精炼除气处理后进行浇铸，得到铝合金铸锭；
    将所述铝合金铸锭压铸成型。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括：对所述铝合金铸锭进行人工时效处理。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，所述人工时效处理的处理温度为320～330℃，处理时间为3～4h。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的铝合金的制备方法，其特征在于，经过所述人工时效处理后的铝合金的屈服强度为100～120MPa，抗拉强度为220～241MPa，延伸率为8～15％，导热率为191～199W/(k·m)。
  13. 如权利要求1～8中任意一项所述的铝合金在散热器上的应用。
  14. 一种散热器，其特征在于，所述散热器的至少一部分是由如权利要求1～8中任意一项所述的铝合金构成的。
PCT/CN2021/097984 2020-06-18 2021-06-02 铝合金及其制备方法、应用 Ceased WO2021254154A1 (zh)

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