WO2021256434A1 - レーザアニール装置の制御装置及びレーザアニール方法 - Google Patents
レーザアニール装置の制御装置及びレーザアニール方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021256434A1 WO2021256434A1 PCT/JP2021/022562 JP2021022562W WO2021256434A1 WO 2021256434 A1 WO2021256434 A1 WO 2021256434A1 JP 2021022562 W JP2021022562 W JP 2021022562W WO 2021256434 A1 WO2021256434 A1 WO 2021256434A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/351—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for trimming or tuning of electrical components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1 ns or less
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/354—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by melting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0085—Modulating the output, i.e. the laser beam is modulated outside the laser cavity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P30/00—Ion implantation into wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P30/20—Ion implantation into wafers, substrates or parts of devices into semiconductor materials, e.g. for doping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P34/00—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P34/40—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices with high-energy radiation
- H10P34/42—Irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation of wafers, substrates or parts of devices with high-energy radiation with electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser annealing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P72/00—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof
- H10P72/04—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H10P72/0431—Apparatus for thermal treatment
- H10P72/0436—Apparatus for thermal treatment mainly by radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/56—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials being semiconducting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
- H10P95/90—Thermal treatments, e.g. annealing or sintering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for a laser annealing device and a laser annealing method.
- anneal it is necessary to heat (anneal) the semiconductor wafer in order to activate the dopant doped in the semiconductor wafer such as a silicon wafer.
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- a resin protective tape is attached to the circuit forming surface. In order to prevent the protective tape from melting, it is desired to suppress the temperature rise of the circuit forming surface.
- Laser annealing is used to irradiate the surface opposite to the circuit forming surface with laser light in order to sufficiently heat the surface opposite to the circuit forming surface and suppress the temperature rise of the circuit forming surface (for example,).
- Patent Document 1 etc. As the laser oscillator for annealing, a continuous oscillation (CW) laser or a pulse laser such as a Q-switched laser or an excimer laser is used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laser annealing technique using a laser diode-excited all-solid-state pulse laser oscillator.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a laser annealing device and a laser annealing method capable of sufficiently raising the temperature of the laser irradiation surface of a semiconductor wafer and suppressing the temperature rise of the non-irradiation surface.
- a control device that controls an annealing device that performs laser annealing by injecting a laser beam onto the surface of a semiconductor wafer and moving the beam spot of the laser beam onto the surface of the semiconductor wafer.
- a control device is provided in which the sweep speed of the beam spot of the laser beam is increased by twice the value obtained by dividing the thermal diffusivity of the semiconductor wafer by the thickness of the semiconductor wafer.
- the laser power of the pulsed laser beam incident on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer and the beam size on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer are determined.
- the pulse repetition frequency and the sweep speed are provided under the condition that the beam spots of two consecutive shots partially overlap or are in contact with each other.
- the sweep speed is further determined under the condition that the maximum temperature reached on the back surface of the semiconductor wafer opposite to the laser irradiation surface does not exceed the second target value.
- a laser annealing method for performing laser annealing of the semiconductor wafer at a determined laser power, beam size, pulse repetition frequency, and beam spot sweep rate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a laser annealing device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the laser annealing device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a calculated value of a time change in surface temperature when a one-shot pulsed laser beam is incident on a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor wafer to which a pulsed laser beam is incident.
- 5A and 5B are graphs showing an example of the calculation result of the temperature distribution in the cross section of the semiconductor wafer.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the laser annealing method according to this embodiment.
- 7A and 7B are schematic views showing the movement history of the beam spot.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a laser annealing device according to an embodiment.
- the laser light source 10 outputs a pulsed laser beam.
- the pulsed laser beam output from the laser light source 10 passes through the beam expander 11, the beam shaping optical element 12, the folded mirrors 13, 14, the beam scanner 15, and the f ⁇ lens 16 to irradiate the semiconductor wafer 20 to be annealed with the laser. It is incident on the surface.
- the semiconductor wafer 20 is held by a wafer chuck 18 supported by a moving mechanism 17.
- the moving mechanism 17 moves the wafer chuck 18 in two directions in the horizontal plane.
- an XY stage is used as the moving mechanism 17, for example.
- the beam expander 11 adjusts the beam size (diameter of the beam cross section) at the incident position of the laser beam on the beam shaping optical element 12.
- the beam shaping optical element 12 shapes the shape and intensity distribution of the beam spot on the beam irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- a diffractive optical element is used as the beam shaping optical element 12, for example.
- the beam scanner 15 includes a galvano mirror 15A and a motor 15B.
- the motor 15B rotates the galvano mirror 15A within a range in the tilting direction to scan the pulsed laser beam in one-dimensional direction.
- the f ⁇ lens 16 concentrates the pulsed laser beam scanned by the beam scanner 15 on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the laser annealing device according to this embodiment. The description of the contents overlapping with the description of FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- a fiber laser oscillator is used as the laser light source 10.
- the input side optical fiber 32 is connected to one end of the gain fiber 31 doped with the laser active medium, and the output side optical fiber 34 is connected to the other end.
- a high-reflectance type fiber Bragg grating 33 is formed on the input side optical fiber 32, and a low-reflectance type fiber Bragg grating 35 is formed on the output side optical fiber 34.
- An optical resonator is composed of a high-reflectance type fiber Bragg grating 33 and a low-reflectance type fiber Bragg grating 35.
- the excitation light output from the laser diode 30 is introduced into the gain fiber 31 through the input side optical fiber 32.
- the laser active medium doped in the gain fiber 31 is excited by the excitation light. Stimulated emission occurs when the laser active medium transitions to a low energy state, and laser light is generated.
- the laser beam generated by the gain fiber 31 passes through the output side optical fiber 34 and is incident on the wavelength conversion element 36.
- the laser beam wavelength-converted by the wavelength conversion element 36 is incident on the semiconductor wafer 20 via the beam expander 11, the beam shaping optical element 12, the folded mirrors 13 and 14, the beam scanner 15, and the f ⁇ lens 16.
- the gain fiber 31 outputs, for example, a laser beam in an infrared region, and the wavelength conversion element 36 converts the laser beam in an infrared region into a laser beam in a green wavelength region.
- the driver 37 drives the laser diode 30 based on a command from the control device 40.
- the command received from the control device 40 includes information for designating the repetition frequency of the laser pulse output from the laser diode 30.
- the driver 37 outputs an excitation laser beam from the laser diode 30 at the repetition frequency of the laser pulse commanded by the control device 40.
- the laser light source 10 outputs a pulsed laser beam at the commanded repetition frequency.
- the moving mechanism 17 and the wafer chuck 18 are arranged in the chamber 50.
- a laser transmission window 51 is attached to the wall surface of the chamber 50 above the semiconductor wafer 20 held by the wafer chuck 18.
- the pulsed laser beam transmitted through the f ⁇ lens 16 passes through the laser transmission window 51 and is incident on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the laser annealing apparatus performs activation annealing of a dopant doped in, for example, the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the semiconductor wafer 20 is, for example, a silicon wafer.
- the control device 40 includes a console operated by the user.
- the user operates the console to input information that specifies the repetition frequency of the pulse of the pulsed laser beam.
- the control device 40 gives the driver 37 information that specifies the repetition frequency of the input pulse.
- the control device 40 further controls the beam scanner 15 and the moving mechanism 17 to move the beam spot on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- An xyz orthogonal coordinate system is defined in which the direction in which the beam spot moves by scanning the pulsed laser beam with the beam scanner 15 is the x direction, and the direction orthogonal to the x direction in the laser irradiation surface is the y direction.
- the movement of the beam spot in the x direction by scanning the pulsed laser beam with the beam scanner 15 is referred to as “sweep”.
- the control device 40 controls the moving mechanism 17 to move the semiconductor wafer 20 in the y direction, and controls the beam scanner 15 to sweep the beam spot in the x direction to anneal the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the maximum length at which the beam spot can be swept in the x direction depends on the swing angle of the pulsed laser beam by the beam scanner 15 and the performance of the f ⁇ lens 16.
- the maximum length of sweeping is shorter than the size of the semiconductor wafer 20
- a plurality of processes of sweeping the beam spot in the x direction while moving the semiconductor wafer 20 in the y direction are performed by moving the semiconductor wafer 20 in the x direction. By repeating this process, almost the entire area of the semiconductor wafer 20 can be annealed.
- the surface temperature T of the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20 can be expressed by the following equation.
- t is the elapsed time from the start of heating
- C is the specific heat of the semiconductor wafer 20
- ⁇ is the density of the semiconductor wafer 20
- ⁇ is the thermal conductivity of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the unit of the surface temperature T is "K”
- the unit of the power density P is "W / cm 2 "
- the unit of the elapsed time t is "second”
- the unit of the specific heat C is "J / g”.
- the unit of density ⁇ is “g / cm 3 ”
- the unit of thermal conductivity ⁇ is “W / cm ⁇ K”.
- the target value of the maximum temperature T a of the laser irradiated surface determines the power density P and the pulse width t 0 required to raise the temperature to the target value.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the calculated value of the time change of the surface temperature T when a one-shot pulsed laser beam is incident on a silicon wafer.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time t from the rising point of the laser pulse in the unit "ns”
- the left vertical axis represents the surface temperature T of the semiconductor wafer 20 in the unit “° C”
- the right vertical axis represents the power density of the pulsed laser beam.
- P is expressed in the unit “MW / cm 2 ".
- the broken line in the graph shows the time change of the power density P of the pulsed laser beam
- the solid line shows the time change of the surface temperature T of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the pulse width of the pulsed laser beam is t 0 and the peak power density is 5 MW / cm 2 .
- the surface temperature T rises according to the equation (1).
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor wafer 20 to which the pulsed laser beam is incident.
- the incident position of the laser beam is the heat source Pf.
- the temperature rise amount ⁇ T of the position Pr on the non-irradiated surface directly under the heat source Pf is expressed by the following equation.
- Q is the heat input from the heat source Pf to the semiconductor wafer 20
- h is the thickness of the semiconductor wafer 20
- v is the sweep rate of the heat source Pr
- k is the heat diffusion rate of the semiconductor wafer 20. ..
- the unit of heat input Q is "W”
- the unit of thickness h of the semiconductor wafer 20 is "cm”
- the unit of sweep speed v is "cm / s”
- the unit of thermal diffusivity k Is "cm 2 / s”.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs showing an example of the calculation result of the temperature distribution in the cross section of the semiconductor wafer 20.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the temperature distribution in the cross section of the wafer with a finite thickness and the non-irradiated surface under adiabatic conditions.
- the horizontal axis represents the position of the heat source Pf in the sweep direction.
- the current position of the heat source Pf is set as the origin on the horizontal axis, and the moving direction of the heat source is set as positive.
- the vertical axis represents the depth from the beam irradiation surface in the unit " ⁇ m”.
- 5A and 5B show the temperature distribution when the sweep speed v of the heat source Pf is different.
- FIG. 5B shows the temperature distribution when the sweep speed v of the heat source Pf is faster than that of FIG. 5A.
- the curves in the graph represent isotherms, and the numerical values attached to each curve represent the temperature in the unit "° C".
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the laser annealing method according to this embodiment.
- the laser power and the beam size on the beam irradiation surface are determined from the first target value of the maximum temperature reached on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20 (step S1).
- the power density P can be determined from the laser power and the beam size.
- the first target value of the maximum temperature reached can be determined based on the melting point of the semiconductor wafer 20. For example, when it is desired to melt the surface layer portion of the semiconductor wafer 20, the maximum temperature reached may be set to be equal to or higher than the melting point. If it is desired to perform annealing without melting, the maximum temperature reached may be lower than the melting point.
- the pulse repetition frequency and sweep rate v are determined under the condition that the beam spots of two consecutive shots partially overlap or are in contact with each other and the maximum reached temperature of the non-irradiated surface is equal to or less than the second target value.
- the second target value of the maximum temperature reached on the non-irradiated surface may be, for example, a temperature such that the protective tape attached to the non-irradiated surface is not damaged.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are schematic views showing the history of movement of the beam spot 25.
- FIG. 7A shows an example in which beam spots 25 of two consecutive shots partially overlap each other
- FIG. 7B shows an example in which beam spots 25 of two consecutive shots are in contact with each other.
- the dimension in the sweep direction of the beam spot is expressed as L
- the dimension in the sweep direction of the region where the beam spots of two consecutive shots overlap is expressed as Lov.
- the dimension Lov of the overlapping region is expressed by the following equation. In order that the beam spots of two consecutive shots are not separated, Lov ⁇ 0 may be set. That is, The sweep speed v may be determined so as to satisfy the above conditions.
- Laser annealing is performed with the laser power and beam size determined in step S1 shown in FIG. 6, the pulse repetition frequency determined in step S2, and the sweep speed of the beam spot (step S3).
- the temperature rise amount ⁇ T of the non-irradiated surface is 1/1 of the temperature rise amount ⁇ T when the sweep speed v is set to 0 and laser irradiation is performed. It can be seen that it is reduced to e (about 0.37 times).
- the beam spot 25 is swept by scanning the pulsed laser beam with the beam scanner 15. Therefore, by operating the moving mechanism 17 to move the semiconductor wafer 20, the sweeping speed v can be made faster than in the case of sweeping the beam spot on the laser irradiation surface.
- the upper limit of the sweep speed v is limited by the product of the pulse repetition frequency f of the pulsed laser beam and the beam size L. In order to increase the upper limit of the sweep speed v, it is desired to increase the pulse repetition frequency f and increase the beam size L.
- the beam size L is increased under the condition that the laser power is constant, the power density P on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20 decreases.
- the pulse width t 0 In order to maintain the maximum temperature Ta of the laser irradiation surface under the condition that the power density P is lowered, the pulse width t 0 must be lengthened. When the pulse width t 0 becomes long, the amount of heat transfer conducted in the thickness direction during the period in which the laser pulse is incident increases. As a result, the temperature of the irradiated surface becomes high. Therefore, the beam size L cannot be increased unconditionally.
- the pulse repetition frequency f should be increased in order to increase the upper limit of the sweep speed v without increasing the beam size L.
- the pulse repetition frequency f is preferably 15 kHz or higher, and more preferably 100 kHz or higher.
- the pulse repetition frequency f When the pulse repetition frequency f is low, the influence of the temperature rise on the laser irradiation surface due to the immediately preceding shot disappears, and after the temperature drops to the original temperature, the next shot is incident on the semiconductor wafer 20.
- the pulse repetition frequency f When the pulse repetition frequency f is increased, the next shot is performed with the thermal influence of the previous shot remaining.
- the pulse repetition frequency f is set to 15 kHz or more, the next shot is incident with a temperature increase of 1% or more remaining in the temperature increase amount ⁇ T of the laser irradiation surface due to the immediately preceding shot.
- the pulse repetition frequency f is set to 100 kHz or more
- the next shot is incident with a temperature increase of 5% or more remaining in the temperature increase amount ⁇ T of the laser irradiation surface due to the immediately preceding shot. Therefore, the beam irradiation surface can be heated more efficiently.
- a fiber laser is used as the laser light source 10 (FIGS. 1 and 2), but a mode lock laser or the like may also be used.
- a mode lock laser or the like may also be used.
- the pulse laser is used for laser annealing in the above embodiment, a continuous wave (CW) laser may be used.
- the CW laser corresponds to the case where the pulse repetition frequency f of the pulse laser is set to infinity.
- a galvano scanner is used to sweep the beam spot at the sweep speed v, but if the semiconductor wafer 20 can be moved at a sufficient speed by using an XY stage or the like, a laser is used.
- the beam spot may be swept on the laser irradiation surface of the semiconductor wafer 20 by fixing the path of the beam and moving the semiconductor wafer 20.
- Laser light source 11 Beam expander 12 Beam shaping optical element 13, 14 Folded mirror 15 Beam scanner 15A Galvano mirror 15B Motor 16 f ⁇ lens 17 Moving mechanism 18 Wafer chuck 20 Semiconductor wafer 25 Beam spot 30 Laser diode 31 Gain fiber 32 Input side Optical fiber 33 Fiber Bragg grating 34 Output side optical fiber 35 Fiber Bragg grating 36 Wavelength conversion element 37 Driver 40 Control device 50 Chamber 51 Laser transmission window
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Abstract
Description
半導体ウエハの表面にレーザビームを入射させ、前記レーザビームのビームスポットを前記半導体ウエハの表面上で移動させてレーザアニールを行うアニール装置を制御する制御装置であって、
前記半導体ウエハの熱拡散率を前記半導体ウエハの厚さで除した値の2倍より、前記レーザビームのビームスポットの掃引速度を速くする制御装置が提供される。
半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面の最高到達温度の第1目標値から、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面に入射させるパルスレーザビームのレーザパワー、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面におけるビームサイズ決定し、
前記パルスレーザビームのビームスポットを前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面で掃引する際に、連続する2つのショットのビームスポットが部分的に重なるか、または相互に接する条件で、パルスの繰り返し周波数及び掃引速度を決定し、
掃引速度を決定する際に、さらに、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面とは反対側の裏面の最高到達温度が第2目標値を越えない条件の下で掃引速度を決定し、
決定されたレーザパワー、ビームサイズ、パルスの繰り返し周波数、及びビームスポットの掃引速度で前記半導体ウエハのレーザアニールを行うレーザアニール方法が提供される。
図1は、実施例によるレーザアニール装置の概略斜視図である。レーザ光源10がパルスレーザビームを出力する。レーザ光源10から出力されたパルスレーザビームがビームエキスパンダ11、ビーム整形光学素子12、折り返しミラー13、14、ビーム走査器15、fθレンズ16を経由してアニール対象である半導体ウエハ20のレーザ照射面に入射する。
図4は、パルスレーザビームが入射する半導体ウエハ20の断面図である。レーザビームの入射位置が熱源Pfとなる。簡単のため、無限に厚い板の熱源直下の温度分布を考えると、熱源Pfの直下の非照射面上の位置Prの温度上昇量ΔTは、以下の式で表される。
図6は、本実施例によるレーザアニール方法の手順を示すフローチャートである。まず、半導体ウエハ20のレーザ照射面の最高到達温度の第1目標値から、レーザパワー、及びビーム照射面におけるビームサイズを決定する(ステップS1)。レーザパワーとビームサイズとから、パワー密度Pを決定することができる。最高到達温度の第1目標値は、半導体ウエハ20の融点に基づいて決定することができる。例えば、半導体ウエハ20の表層部を溶融させたい場合には、最高到達温度を融点以上にすればよい。非溶融でアニールを行いたい場合には、最高到達温度を融点より低くすればよい。
式(3)から、ビームスポットの掃引速度vを2k/hより速くすると、非照射面の温度上昇量ΔTが、掃引速度vを0にしてレーザ照射を行う場合の温度上昇量ΔTの1/e(約0.37倍)まで低減することがわかる。半導体ウエハ20の非照射面の温度上昇量ΔTを低減させる有意な効果を得るために、掃引速度vを2k/hより速くすることが好ましい。言い換えると、半導体ウエハ20の熱拡散率を半導体ウエハ20の厚さで除した値の2倍より、レーザビームのビームスポットの掃引速度を速くすることが好ましい。
非照射面の温度上昇量ΔTを低減させるためには、式(3)から分かるように、掃引速度vをなるべく速くすることが好ましい。ところが、式(5)から、掃引速度vの上限値がパルスレーザビームのパルスの繰り返し周波数fとビームサイズLとの積によって制限される。掃引速度vの上限値を高めるために、パルスの繰り返し周波数fを高くし、ビームサイズLを大きくすることが望まれる。
11 ビームエキスパンダ
12 ビーム整形光学素子
13、14 折り返しミラー
15 ビーム走査器
15A ガルバノミラー
15B モータ
16 fθレンズ
17 移動機構
18 ウエハチャック
20 半導体ウエハ
25 ビームスポット
30 レーザダイオード
31 利得ファイバ
32 入力側光ファイバ
33 ファイバブラッググレーティング
34 出力側光ファイバ
35 ファイバブラッググレーティング
36 波長変換素子
37 ドライバ
40 制御装置
50 チャンバ
51 レーザ透過窓
Claims (5)
- 半導体ウエハの表面にレーザビームを入射させ、前記レーザビームのビームスポットを前記半導体ウエハの表面上で移動させてレーザアニールを行うアニール装置を制御する制御装置であって、
前記半導体ウエハの熱拡散率を前記半導体ウエハの厚さで除した値の2倍より、前記レーザビームのビームスポットの掃引速度を速くする制御装置。 - 前記アニール装置は、
前記半導体ウエハを保持して第1方向に移動させる移動機構と、
前記レーザビームを走査することにより、前記半導体ウエハの表面上でビームスポットを前記第1方向と交差する第2方向に移動させるビーム走査器と
を有し、
前記半導体ウエハに対するビームスポットの前記第2方向の掃引速度を、2k/hより速くする請求項1に記載の制御装置。 - 前記レーザビームはパルスレーザビームであり、パルスの繰り返し周波数が15kHz以上であり、連続する2つのショットのビームスポットが部分的に重なるか、または相互に接する条件で、ビームスポットを前記第2方向に移動させる請求項2に記載の制御装置。
- 前記レーザビームのパルスの繰り返し周波数が100kHz以上である請求項3に記載の制御装置。
- 半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面の最高到達温度の第1目標値から、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面に入射させるパルスレーザビームのレーザパワー、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面におけるビームサイズ決定し、
前記パルスレーザビームのビームスポットを前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面で掃引する際に、連続する2つのショットのビームスポットが部分的に重なるか、または相互に接する条件で、パルスの繰り返し周波数及び掃引速度を決定し、
掃引速度を決定する際に、さらに、前記半導体ウエハのレーザ照射面とは反対側の裏面の最高到達温度が第2目標値を越えない条件の下で掃引速度を決定し、
決定されたレーザパワー、ビームサイズ、パルスの繰り返し周波数、及びビームスポットの掃引速度で前記半導体ウエハのレーザアニールを行うレーザアニール方法。
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| TWI850026B (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-07-21 | 日商住友重機械工業股份有限公司 | 光束調整裝置、雷射退火裝置 |
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