WO2021256471A1 - 熱可塑性樹脂複合材、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子及び成形物 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂複合材、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子及び成形物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021256471A1 WO2021256471A1 PCT/JP2021/022728 JP2021022728W WO2021256471A1 WO 2021256471 A1 WO2021256471 A1 WO 2021256471A1 JP 2021022728 W JP2021022728 W JP 2021022728W WO 2021256471 A1 WO2021256471 A1 WO 2021256471A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoplastic resin composite material, a thermoplastic resin composite material particle, and a molded product.
- Thermoplastic resin is used as a part of various products because it can be easily molded by heating.
- a molding method using a mold such as injection molding is generally adopted from the viewpoint of mass production and manufacturing cost.
- thermoplastic resins are also required to be formable into fine and complicated shapes. Further, when the thermoplastic resin is used for parts that have been made smaller and thinner, mechanical properties such as higher strength are required, and the thermoplastic resin is used in combination with fibers.
- the cellulose fiber aggregate is defibrated by putting the cellulose fiber aggregate in a mixer having a rotary vane as a stirring means and stirring at high speed.
- Step A step of melting the thermoplastic resin by the generated frictional heat by putting the thermoplastic resin in the mixer and then stirring the mixture to obtain a mixture in which the thermoplastic resin is attached to the defibrated cellulose fibers.
- a method for producing a cellulose fiber-containing thermoplastic resin composition which comprises a step of stirring the mixture at a low speed while cooling the mixture.
- the present invention can obtain a molded product containing cellulose fibers and excellent in mechanical properties such as strength, and is a thermoplastic resin composite material or thermoplastic which is excellent in moldability due to excellent fluidity at the time of melting.
- the purpose is to provide resin composite particles.
- thermoplastic resin composite having a specific fiber and density (distribution), and a thermoplastic resin composite in which a specific fiber is oriented in the axial direction and the mass flow rate is adjusted.
- the material particles can solve the above-mentioned problems, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the present invention (1) is A thermoplastic resin composite material containing cellulose fibers, a compatibilizer, and a thermoplastic resin.
- the cellulose fibers substantially contain only fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m and a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the composition ratio by mass of the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin is 10:90 to 80:20.
- the thermoplastic resin composite is characterized in that the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fibers per predetermined area of any 10 cross sections of the thermoplastic resin composite is 15% or less. It is a thermoplastic resin composite material.
- the present invention (2) is The cellulose fiber is characterized in that the bending angle of the fiber formed by the axial direction (A) of the fiber at one end and the axial direction (B) at the other end is 0 to 60 °.
- the present invention (3) is The thermoplastic resin composite material has a composition ratio of 60:40 to 20:80 according to the mass of the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin, and is characterized by the thermoplasticity of the invention (1) or (2). It is a resin composite material.
- the present invention (4) is The thermoplastic resin contains any one of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, vinyl chloride resin, methacrylic resin, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polysulfone resin, modified PPO resin, and polyester resin. It is a thermoplastic resin composite material according to any one of the above-mentioned inventions (1) to (3).
- the present invention (5) A thermoplastic resin composite particle containing a cellulose fiber and a thermoplastic resin.
- the average fiber length of the cellulose fibers is 10 to 400 ⁇ m, and the average fiber length is 10 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers is 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and the average fiber diameter is 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the content of the cellulose fiber is 20 to 80% by mass when the sum of the mass of the thermoplastic resin and the mass of the cellulose fiber is 100% by mass.
- the cellulose fiber is a thermoplastic resin composite particle characterized in that it is substantially oriented in the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite particle.
- the present invention (6) is The thermoplastic resin composite material particles according to the invention (5) have a melt mass flow rate of 5 to 30 (g / 10 min) measured at 230 ° C. with a load of 2.16 kgf. Resin composite particles.
- the present invention (7) is The cellulose fiber is characterized in that the bending angle of the fiber formed by the axial direction (A) of the fiber at one end and the axial direction (B) at the other end is 0 to 60 °.
- the present invention (8) The thermoplastic resin contains any one of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, vinyl chloride resin, methacrylic resin, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polysulfone resin, modified PPO resin, and polyester resin. It is a thermoplastic resin composite material particle according to any one of the said inventions (5) to (7).
- the present invention (9) It is a molded product obtained by molding the thermoplastic resin composite material particles according to any one of the inventions (5) to (8).
- thermoplastic resin composite material having excellent moldability due to excellent fluidity at the time of melting and heat.
- Plastic resin composite particles can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an unbent cellulose fiber.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cellulose fiber having a bending angle (bending).
- thermoplastic resin composite material is not limited to particulate matter such as pellets, but includes processed “thermoplastic resin composite material” such as molded products.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention will be described.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and thermoplastic resin composite material particles The structure of the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles will be described below.
- thermoplastic resin composite of the present invention contains a cellulose fiber and a compatibilizer.
- composition ratio by mass of the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin is 10:90 to 80:20, preferably 20:80 to 40:60.
- the thermoplastic resin composite is a standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fiber per unit area of any 10 cross sections of the thermoplastic resin composite material (hereinafter, simply, the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fiber). However, it is 15% or less, preferably 13% or less.
- the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fiber is within the range, the molding processability is excellent because the fluidity at the time of melting is excellent, and a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus can be obtained. It is possible to obtain a thermoplastic resin composite material capable of the above.
- the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fibers shall be measured by the following method.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material is cut to form a cross section, and the cross section is observed from vertically above the cross section using a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 250 times and an image is taken.
- the occupied area of the cellulose fiber observed from above vertically within a predetermined area on the cross-sectional surface of the thermoplastic resin composite material in the photographed image is measured using commercially available software. Wherein a predetermined area on the section surface of the thermoplastic resin composite, and 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ m 2.
- the occupied area of the cellulose fiber is divided by a predetermined area on the cross-sectional surface of the thermoplastic resin composite material, and the value multiplied by 100 is taken as the occupied area ratio of the cellulose fiber in the cross-sectional surface of the thermoplastic resin composite material (hereinafter, simply, Occupied area ratio of cellulose fiber may be described).
- the same measurement is performed on any 10 cross sections of the thermoplastic resin composite material, and the standard deviation of the occupied area ratio of the obtained 5 cellulose fibers is calculated and used as the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fibers.
- the standard deviation of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed and the screw pattern of the kneading means when kneading the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin described later.
- thermoplastic resin composite material of the present invention are not particularly limited, but for example, when used for injection molding or the like, pellet-shaped particles are preferable, and the size thereof is the diameter, major axis length or maximum side. It can have a spherical shape, an elliptical spherical shape, a columnar shape, a polygonal columnar shape, a conical shape, a polygonal pyramid shape, or the like having a length of about 0.5 to 10 mm. Further, in the present invention, the thermoplastic resin composite material also includes a molded product formed by molding using these thermoplastic resin composite materials, and the shape in that case can be a desired shape.
- the composition ratio by mass of the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin is 10:90 to 80:20, preferably 20:80 to 60:40. Within such a range, it is possible to obtain a thermoplastic resin composite material which is excellent in moldability because it is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting and can obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Can be done.
- the cellulose fibers contained in the thermoplastic resin complex of the present embodiment substantially contain only fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material is excellent in moldability because it is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, and it is possible to obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Can be obtained.
- the cellulose fibers substantially contain only fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m when the fiber diameters of the cellulose fibers in the thermoplastic resin composite are measured by the following method. It shows that no cellulose fiber other than the cellulose fiber having a value of 1 to 50 ⁇ m is detected. Further, according to another expression, it is preferable that the cellulose fiber contains only a fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m. The fact that the cellulose fibers contain only fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m means that the thermoplastic resin composite of the present invention is photographed using an X-ray CT analyzer and the fiber diameters of all the cellulose fibers are measured.
- the fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber (the fiber diameter of all the cellulose fibers) is only the fiber of 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin composite was photographed using an X-ray CT analyzer, and the fiber diameter of all the fibers (major axis length in the case of elliptical shape, longest side length in the case of polygonal shape). Sat) is measured and performed.
- the X-ray CT analyzer measures under the following observation conditions.
- the fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the kneading means and the load by the screw pattern when kneading the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin described later, or the blending ratio of the cellulose fiber.
- the cellulose fibers contained in the thermoplastic resin composite of the present invention preferably substantially contain only fibers having a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m, and more preferably contain only fibers having a fiber length of 10 to 350 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material is excellent in moldability because it is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, and it is possible to obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Can be obtained.
- the cellulose fiber substantially contains only the fiber having a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m (the fiber having a fiber length of 10 to 350 ⁇ m). It is shown that when the fiber length is measured, no cellulose fiber other than the cellulose fiber having a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m (10 to 350 ⁇ m) is detected. Further, according to another expression, it is preferable that the cellulose fiber contains only a fiber having a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m (10 to 350 ⁇ m). Cellulose fibers contain only fibers having a fiber length of 10 to 400 ⁇ m (10 to 350 ⁇ m). The thermoplastic resin composite of the present invention is photographed using an X-ray CT analyzer, and the fiber lengths of all the cellulose fibers are measured.
- the fiber length of the cellulose fiber is only the fiber of 10 to 400 ⁇ m (10 to 350 ⁇ m).
- the fiber length of the cellulose fiber is measured by photographing the thermoplastic resin composite with an X-ray CT analyzer and measuring the fiber length of all the fibers.
- the X-ray CT analyzer measures under the following observation conditions.
- Analyzer Rigaku High Resolution 3DX Line Microscope nano3DX Measurement conditions: X-ray source Cu (40 kV, 30 mA)
- Analysis software Dragonfly Object Research Systems (Canada) Image size: 347.7 x 763.2 ⁇ m Thickness 654 ⁇ m
- the fiber length of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the kneading means and the load by the screw pattern when kneading the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin, which will be described later, or the blending ratio of the cellulose fiber.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fiber formed by the axial direction of the fiber at one end and the axial direction at the other end can be 0 to 60 °, preferably 0 to 50 °, and 0. ⁇ 40 ° is more preferable.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fibers is within the above range, the entanglement between the cellulose fibers is reduced and the fluidity at the time of melting is excellent, so that the molding processability is excellent and the mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus are excellent. It is possible to obtain a thermoplastic resin composite material from which a product can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view (FIG. 1 (a)) showing cellulose fibers and a top view (FIG. 1 (b)) showing cellulose fibers when they are not bent (the bending angle is 0 °).
- Cellulose fiber 1 has one end 10 and the other end 12. One end 10 and the other end 12 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the axial direction 11 at one end 10 is defined as the axial direction (A).
- the axial direction 13 at the other end portion 12 is defined as the axial direction (B).
- the axial direction (A) is 0 ° with the direction from one end 10 toward the fiber side (the direction of the arrow in the figure) as a positive direction with respect to one end. Further, in the axial direction (B), the direction from the fiber side to the other end (direction of the arrow in the figure) is positive with respect to the other end, and is 0 °.
- the axial direction 11 (axial direction (A)) and the axial direction 13 (axial direction (B)) are in the same direction and overlap each other. That is, the bending angle is 0 °, and the fibers are linear.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view (FIG. 2 (a)) showing the cellulose fibers and a top view (FIG. 2 (b)) showing the cellulose fibers when the fibers are bent, that is, when the cellulose fibers have a bending angle.
- the cellulose fiber 2 has one end 20 and the other end 22.
- One end 20 and the other end 22 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the axial direction 21 at one end 20 is defined as the axial direction (A).
- the axial direction 23 at the other end 22 is defined as the axial direction (B).
- the top view of FIG. 2B is a top view observed from the normal direction of the plane including the axial direction 21 and the axial direction 23.
- the axial direction (A) is 0 ° with the direction from one end 20 toward the fiber side (the direction of the arrow in the figure) as a positive direction with respect to one end. Further, in the axial direction (B), the direction from the fiber side to the other end (direction of the arrow in the figure) is positive with respect to the other end, and is 0 °.
- the axial direction 21 (axial direction (A)) and the axial direction 23 (axial direction (B)) bend the angle ( ⁇ in the figure) formed by the respective positive axial directions. Defined as a corner.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by adjusting the balance between the fiber diameter and the fiber length of the cellulose fiber.
- thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention include cellulose fibers and a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin composite particle is a columnar particle.
- the columnar shape is not limited to a columnar column, an elliptical columnar shape, and a polygonal columnar shape, and includes a shape generally considered to be a columnar shape.
- the shape of the thermoplastic resin composite particle is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm in diameter, major axis length or maximum side length.
- the shape of the thermoplastic resin composite particle can be observed and measured using, for example, a scale or an optical microscope.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material particles are characterized in that the melt mass flow rate (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as MRF) measured at 230 ° C. with a load of 2.16 kgf is 5 to 30 g / 10 min. ..
- MRF melt mass flow rate
- the melt mass flow rate is particularly preferable because it affects the molding processability, and the molding processability is improved when the melt mass flow rate is larger.
- the upper limit values are the melt mass flow rate of a general thermoplastic resin alone and the cellulose fiber. It is 30 g / 10 min depending on the combination of the composition ratio of the thermoplastic resin and the thermoplastic resin.
- melt mass flow rate The method for measuring the melt mass flow rate is described in JIS K7210-1: 2014 "Plastic-How to obtain melt mass flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics-Part 1: Standard test method". Measure using the method of. The measurement conditions are 230 ° C. and the load is 2.16 kgf.
- the content of the cellulose fiber is 20 to 80% by mass, preferably 40 to 70% by mass, when the sum of the mass of the thermoplastic resin and the mass of the cellulose fiber is 100% by mass.
- the orientation of the cellulose fibers can be enhanced, and since the fluidity at the time of melting is excellent, the molding processability is excellent, and a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus can be obtained.
- Possible thermoplastic resin composite material particles can be obtained.
- the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles is 100% by mass
- the sum of the mass of the thermoplastic resin and the mass of the cellulose fibers is 90 to 99.9% by mass, which is 95 to 99.5.
- the mass% is preferable, and 97 to 99% by mass is more preferable.
- the average fiber length of the cellulose fibers is 10 to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 350 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin composite is excellent in moldability because it is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, and it is possible to obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Material particles can be obtained.
- the average fiber length of the cellulose fibers 50 cellulose fibers contained in the thermoplastic resin composite particles of the present invention were randomly selected and photographed using a scanning electron microscope to measure the fiber length of the cellulose fibers. Then, the number average of them is calculated and obtained.
- the average fiber length of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the kneading means and the load by the screw pattern when kneading the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin described later, or the blending ratio of the cellulose fiber. ..
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber is 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin composite is excellent in moldability because it is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, and it is possible to obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Material particles can be obtained.
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers 50 cellulose fibers contained in the thermoplastic resin composite particles of the present invention were randomly selected and photographed using a scanning electron microscope to obtain the diameter (elliptical ellipse) of the cellulose fibers.
- the diameter (elliptical ellipse) of the cellulose fibers In the case of a shape, it is the length of the long axis, and in the case of a polygon, it is the longest side length), and the number average of them is calculated.
- the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the kneading means and the load by the screw pattern when kneading the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin described later, or by changing the blending ratio of the cellulose fiber. ..
- the cellulose fibers are preferably substantially oriented with respect to the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite particles.
- the fact that the cellulose fibers are substantially oriented with respect to the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles means that the axial direction (x) of the longest straight portion of the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles are substantially oriented.
- the axial direction (y) and the angle formed by hereinafter, may be referred to as an orientation angle) are within ⁇ 30 ° (or ⁇ 150 °).
- the orientation angle is an angle of a small value between the axial direction (x) of the longest straight line portion of the cellulose fiber and the axial direction (y) of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles.
- the orientation of the thermoplastic resin composite particles of the cellulose fibers with respect to the axial direction shall be determined as follows.
- the fiber length thereof is 50 to 50.
- Fifty pieces having a size of 400 ⁇ m are randomly selected, and the orientation angle formed by the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles and the axial direction of the longest linear portion of the selected 50 cellulose fibers is measured.
- the ratio of the measured cellulose fibers having an orientation angle of ⁇ 30 ° or less is 80% or more (that is, 40 or more) with respect to the selected 50 cellulose fibers. do.
- the ratio of such cellulose fibers having an orientation angle of ⁇ 30 ° or less is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, based on the selected 50 cellulose fibers.
- the proportion of such cellulose fibers having an orientation angle of ⁇ 30 ° or less is large with respect to the selected 50 cellulose fibers, the entanglement of the cellulose fibers is suppressed, and therefore, at the time of melting.
- thermoplastic resin composite material particles which are excellent in molding processability and can obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elasticity.
- the measurement of the fiber length and the orientation angle of these cellulose fibers is observed using an X-ray CT analyzer.
- the orientation of the thermoplastic resin composite particles of the cellulose fiber with respect to the axial direction can be adjusted by changing the length of the cellulose fiber or the method of strand cutting at the time of granulation, which will be described later.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fiber formed by the axial direction of the fiber at one end and the axial direction at the other end can be 0 to 60 °, preferably 0 to 50 °, and 0. ⁇ 40 ° is more preferable.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fibers is within the above range, the entanglement between the cellulose fibers is reduced and the fluidity at the time of melting is excellent, so that the molding processability is excellent and the mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus are excellent. It is possible to obtain thermoplastic resin composite material particles from which a product can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view (FIG. 1 (a)) showing cellulose fibers and a top view (FIG. 1 (b)) showing cellulose fibers when they are not bent (the bending angle is 0 °).
- Cellulose fiber 1 has one end 10 and the other end 12. One end 10 and the other end 12 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the axial direction 11 at one end 10 is defined as the axial direction (A).
- the axial direction 13 at the other end portion 12 is defined as the axial direction (B).
- the axial direction (A) is 0 ° with the direction from one end 10 toward the fiber side (the direction of the arrow in the figure) as a positive direction with respect to one end. Further, in the axial direction (B), the direction from the fiber side to the other end (direction of the arrow in the figure) is positive with respect to the other end, and is 0 °.
- the axial direction 11 (axial direction (A)) and the axial direction 13 (axial direction (B)) are in the same direction and overlap each other. That is, the bending angle is 0 °, and the fibers are linear.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view (FIG. 2 (a)) showing the cellulose fibers and a top view (FIG. 2 (b)) showing the cellulose fibers when the fibers are bent, that is, when the cellulose fibers have a bending angle.
- the cellulose fiber 2 has one end 20 and the other end 22.
- One end 20 and the other end 22 can be arbitrarily determined.
- the axial direction 21 at one end 20 is defined as the axial direction (A).
- the axial direction 23 at the other end 22 is defined as the axial direction (B).
- the top view of FIG. 2B is a top view observed from the normal direction of the plane including the axial direction 21 and the axial direction 23.
- the axial direction (A) is 0 ° with the direction from one end 20 toward the fiber side (the direction of the arrow in the figure) as a positive direction with respect to one end. Further, in the axial direction (B), the direction from the fiber side to the other end (direction of the arrow in the figure) is positive with respect to the other end, and is 0 °.
- the axial direction 21 (axial direction (A)) and the axial direction 23 (axial direction (B)) bend the angle ( ⁇ in the figure) formed by the respective positive axial directions. Defined as a corner.
- the bending angle of the cellulose fiber can be adjusted by adjusting the balance between the fiber diameter and the fiber length of the cellulose fiber.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention will be described below. Will be described in detail below.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention use a thermoplastic resin as a binder layer.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the invention, and is, for example, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, vinyl chloride resin, methacrylic resin, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polysulphon. Examples thereof include resins, modified PPO resins, and polyester resins. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resin composite materials and thermoplastic resin composite material particles that are excellent in molding processability due to excellent fluidity at the time of melting and can obtain excellent molded products due to mechanical properties such as strength and elasticity.
- polyethylene resin and polypropylene resin are preferable, and thermoplastic resin composite materials and thermoplastic resin composite material particles capable of obtaining excellent molded products due to mechanical properties such as strength and elastic coefficient of polypropylene resin can be obtained. It is more preferable from the viewpoint of being able to do.
- the cellulose fiber according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired. That is, in the preferred method for producing the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention, which will be described later, which are obtained by defibrating the pulp, the pulp is crushed (defibrated) into cellulose fibers. Cellulose fibers derived from pulp are preferred. Pulp is defibrated into cellulose fibers, but the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention may include an aggregate of a plurality of cellulose fibers after defibration. good.
- the pulp according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and may be either wood pulp or non-wood pulp from the viewpoint of raw materials, and either mechanical pulp or chemical pulp from the viewpoint of manufacturing method. good.
- wood pulp examples include MP, CP, GP, RGP, CGP, SP, AP, KP, and CP made of coniferous trees such as fir and pine, and broad-leaved trees such as eucalyptus and poplar. But it may be.
- non-wood pulp examples include cotton; straw; bamboo; esparto; bagasse; linter; kenaf; hemp-based pulp such as Manila hemp, flax, hemp, and jute; Other examples include used paper and waste paper pulp made from kenaf.
- Pulp can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, softwood, hardwood, cotton, and hemp-based pulp are preferable, and softwood and hardwood-derived pulp are more preferable. Since these pulps are excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, they are excellent in molding processability, and a thermoplastic resin composite material and a thermoplastic resin composite material capable of obtaining a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Particles can be obtained. Further, the pulp derived from coniferous trees is preferable because it has a small amount of lignin, hemicellulose, etc., which are sources of odor and color, and the removal treatment thereof can be relatively easy and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- thermoplastic resin composite of the present invention contains a compatibilizer. Further, the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention can contain a compatibilizer.
- the compatibilizer is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the effect of the present invention, and can be selected depending on the combination of the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin.
- the compatibilizer is used to disperse the relatively hydrophilic cellulose fibers in the relatively highly hydrophobic thermosetting resin. Therefore, the compatibilizer is preferably a block copolymer having a non-polar segment and a polar segment.
- the non-polar segment is preferably an olefin-based segment.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention can obtain the effect of the present invention without containing the compatibilizer, but when the compatibilizer is contained, the dispersibility of the cellulose fibers is more excellent.
- thermoplastic resin composite particles which are excellent in moldability due to excellent fluidity at the time of melting and which can obtain excellent molded products due to mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Further, when the cellulose fiber and the thermoplastic resin are kneaded, the cellulose fiber is easily dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, which facilitates production.
- the olefin-based segment is a segment in which the olefin-based monomer is polymerized or the olefin-based monomer and the styrene-based monomer are copolymerized.
- the olefin-based monomer include ethylene, propylene, methylpentene, butadiene, and norbornene derivatives. Only one kind of olefin-based monomer may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the polar segment is preferably an ester-based segment or a styrene-based segment.
- the ester-based segment is a segment obtained by polycondensing an alcohol-based monomer and an acid-based monomer.
- Examples of the alcohol-based monomer include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -alkylene diols (C2-C12), polyalkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, etc.
- Polyhydric dihydric alcohols glycerin, 1,1,1-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, trimethylol ethane, trimethylolpropane, monosaccharides, disaccharides, ring-opening sugars, saccharides such as modified sugars, etc.
- Alcohols 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 2,2-bis (3-methyl-4) -Hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl ether, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethane, etc.
- Bisphenols those obtained by modifying the hydroxyl groups of these bisphenols with alkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and those obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic rings of these bisphenols are used.
- Examples of the acid-based monomer include saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and octylsuccinic acid, unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride, 1,2. -Aromas of cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-bicyclo [2,2,1] dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the like.
- saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and octylsuccinic acid
- unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fuma
- a polyvalent carboxylic acid or the like is used.
- the carboxylic acid may be an acid halide, an ester, or an acid anhydride.
- maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene which has succeeded in high denaturation while maintaining a high molecular weight, can bring out the strength of the polyolefin-based composite material by improving the adhesiveness with the filler and causing entanglement at the molecular level. It will be possible.
- the styrene-based segment is a segment in which a styrene-based monomer is polymerized or a styrene-based monomer and an acrylic-based monomer are copolymerized.
- styrene-based monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-ethylsterene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butylstyrene, and p-.
- acrylic monomer examples include n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Butyl acrylate-N- (ethoxymethyl) acrylamide, ethylene glycol methacrylate, 4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and the like can be mentioned.
- These acrylic monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, these monomers may be modified.
- the compatibilizer may be polymerized with other monomers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other monomers include vinyl-based monomers, for example, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate as vinyl ester-based monomers, and vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, and vinyl butyl ether as vinyl ether-based monomers.
- vinyl ketone monomer examples include vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, vinyl isopropenyl ketone
- examples of the diene monomer include diene monomers such as isoprene and 2-chlorobutadiene.
- the content of the compatibilizer is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the total mass of the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles is 100% by mass, 0. It can be 1 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 3% by mass.
- the content of the compatibilizer is within such a range, the heat is excellent in fluidity at the time of melting, so that it is excellent in molding processability, and it is possible to obtain a molded product having excellent mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus. Plastic resin composite material and thermoplastic resin composite material particles can be obtained.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention A preferred example of the method for producing the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention will be described below.
- the method for producing the thermoplastic resin composite material and the thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the pulp is kneaded and then defibrated into cellulose fibers. Therefore, the amount of cellulose fiber added is equal to the amount of added pulp.
- the pulp is crushed into pulp pieces in the coarse crushing step before being mixed with the thermoplastic resin.
- the size of the pulp pieces is not particularly limited, but the diameter or the longest side of the pulp pieces is preferably 10 to 50 mm in order to facilitate mixing and shorten the time of the kneading step. With such a size, excellent dispersibility is exhibited in the kneading process.
- Coarse crushing can be performed using a known method, and examples thereof include a crushing method using a crusher such as a hammer mill, a cutter mill, or a jet mill.
- a crusher such as a hammer mill, a cutter mill, or a jet mill.
- thermoplastic resin a thermoplastic resin
- pulp pieces and compatibilizer are mixed and then kneaded.
- the mixing method and the kneading method are not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the pulp pieces are pulverized (defibrated) into cellulose fibers, and the cellulose fibers are kneaded with the thermoplastic resin.
- a method using a stirrer such as a Henschel mixer, a super mixer, or a ribbon mixer can be mentioned.
- Examples of the kneading method include a method using a twin-screw extruder, a method using a Banbury mixer, and a method using a pressure roller.
- Kneading is generally performed by heating, but the kneading conditions are not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the heating temperature is equal to or higher than the softening point of the thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin composite material and heat can be used to obtain a molded product having excellent moldability and mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus because of its excellent fluidity at the time of melting.
- Plastic resin composite material particles can be obtained.
- the kneading of the resin and the cellulose fiber proceeds, and uniformly dispersed thermoplastic resin composite material and thermoplastic resin composite material particles without fiber lumps can be obtained.
- Granulation step The kneaded product obtained by the kneading step is made into particles (for example, pellets) thermoplastic resin composite material or thermoplastic resin composite material particles by the granulation step.
- the granulation method is performed by discharging the kneaded resin from a die with an extruder and cutting it into pellets with a rotary sword under air cooling. By adjusting the number of rotations of the rotary sword, the cutting length of the pellet can be changed.
- the particle shape is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a polygonal columnar shape or a cylindrical shape.
- thermoplastic resin composite material and thermoplastic resin composite material particles of the present invention are molded by a mold such as injection molding, a molding method by a 3D printer, etc. It can be used as a raw material for a molded product of. In particular, it is preferably used for molded parts such as vehicles, equipment and devices having a fine structure or a complicated structure, industrial materials such as containers, pallets, plastic cores and building materials, daily necessities, and miscellaneous goods.
- thermoplastic resin composite material (material) -Thermoplastic resin polypropylene (MG03BD manufactured by Novatec) Polyethylene (UJ480 manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation) ⁇ Pulp (raw material for cellulose fiber) Softwood pulp (NBKP manufactured by Canfor) Hardwood pulp (LBKP manufactured by Suzano) -Composite agent Competitive agent (Kayabrid 002PP-NW manufactured by Kayaku Akzo)
- thermoplastic resin composite materials of each example and comparative example The amount of pulp shown in Table 1 was weighed and coarsely pulverized using a crusher until the pulp became small pieces having a length of 40 mm or less and a width of 10 mm or less. The obtained pulp pieces were mixed with the pulp pieces and the resin so as to have the mass ratio shown in Table 1. Further, when the total mass of the obtained mixture of the pulp small pieces, the thermoplastic resin and the compatibilizer is 100% by mass, the compatibilizer is added so that the compatibilizer is 1% by mass and dried. It was blended into a mixture of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- each of the obtained mixtures was melt-kneaded by the production methods i to vi shown in Table 2 using a twin-screw kneader (PCM30 manufactured by Ikegai Corp.). Details of the manufacturing methods i to vi are shown in Table 2.
- the obtained kneaded products of Examples and Comparative Examples were hot-cut to obtain pellets of the thermoplastic composite materials of each Example and Comparative Examples.
- the dispersity in Table 2 was judged by the following evaluation criteria. (Evaluation criteria for dispersibility) ⁇ : The standard deviation of the area ratio is 13% or less ⁇ : The standard deviation of the area ratio is more than 13% and 15% or less ⁇ : The standard deviation of the area ratio is more than 15% ⁇ : The area ratio Standard deviation could not be measured
- the bending angle was measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 4 the dispersibility of the cellulose fibers was poor (existing as small pieces of pulp, that is, in a state of being agglomerated without being defibrated by the cellulose fibers), and the fiber diameter and fiber length of the cellulose fibers.
- the standard deviation and bending angle of the area ratio occupied by the cellulose fibers per predetermined area of any 10 cross sections could not be measured.
- thermoplastic resin composite particles > (material) -Thermoplastic resin polypropylene (MG03BD manufactured by Novatec) Polyethylene (UJ480 manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corporation) ⁇ Pulp (raw material for cellulose fiber) Softwood pulp (NBKP manufactured by Canfor) Hardwood pulp (LBKP manufactured by Suzano) Cotton pulp (manufactured by Toho Special Pulp Co., Ltd.) Hemp pulp (Philippines abaca pulp manufactured by Toho Special Pulp Co., Ltd.) -Composite agent Competitive agent (Kayabrid 002PP-NW manufactured by Kayaku Akzo)
- Thermoplastic Resin Composite Particles of Examples 9 to 29 and Comparative Examples 5 to 10 The pulp was weighed in the amounts shown in Tables 3 and 4, and coarsely pulverized using a crusher until the pulp became small pieces having a length of 40 mm or less and a width of 10 mm or less. The obtained pulp pieces were mixed with the pulp pieces and the resin so as to have the mass ratios shown in Tables 3 and 4. Further, when the total mass of the obtained mixture of the pulp small pieces, the thermoplastic resin and the compatibilizer is 100% by mass, the compatibilizer is added so that the compatibilizer is 1% by mass and dried. It was blended into a mixture of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Each of the obtained mixtures was kneaded using a twin-screw kneader (PCM30 manufactured by Ikegai Corp.) under the conditions of a feed amount of 5 kg / h, a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and a kneading temperature of 120 to 150 ° C.
- the obtained kneaded product was used as columnar particles having a length of 6 mm and a width of 3 mm, and was strand-cut (resin was thinned from the extruder) under the following conditions A to D (conditions for discharging the resin from the extruder at the time of granulation).
- thermoplastic resin composite particles of Examples 9 to 29 and Comparative Examples 5 to 10.
- 50 pieces having a fiber length of 50 to 400 ⁇ m were randomly selected, and the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles and the axial direction of the thermoplastic resin composite material particles were selected.
- the axial direction of the longest straight portion of the 50 selected cellulose fibers, the ratio of those having an orientation angle of within ⁇ 30 °, and the bending angle were measured by the above method. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- dumbbell shape test pieces were used with an Instron type material tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation: Autograph AG25 TA), the crosshead speed was set to 50 mm / min, and the tensile strength was measured from the load at the time of breaking. The measurement results are shown in Table 1, Table 3, and Table 4.
- the mold is shaped like a test piece (length 80 ⁇ 2.0 mm x width 10 ⁇ 0.2 mm x thickness) specified in JIS K711: 2007 "Plastic-How to determine the deflection temperature under load-Part 1: General rules".
- the test pieces of each Example and Comparative Example were prepared in the same manner as the method of preparing the test pieces of tensile strength except that the test pieces were changed to those for 4 ⁇ 0.2 mm).
- the deflection temperature under load was measured using an HDT test device (3M-2 manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.).
- the measurement conditions were such that the measurement start temperature was 60 ° C., the temperature rise rate was 2 ° C./min, the bending stress to be loaded was 0.45 MPa, and the temperature when the deflection amount reached 0.34 mm was measured as the deflection temperature under load.
- the results are shown in Table 1, Table 3, and Table 4.
- the NDW used the kneading disc W, the NDL kneading disc L was used, the NDR used the kneading disc R, and the NDW was a condition in which the kneading strength was relatively strong, and the NDL was used. Means that the strength of kneading is relatively moderate, and NDR is a condition that the strength of kneading is relatively weak.
- the dispersibility in Table 2 was evaluated by observing the cross sections of the pellets prepared under each production condition using a scanning electron microscope and using the following evaluation criteria.
- Comparative Example 8 could not be molded, and Comparative Example 9 had poor molding processability and could not be evaluated.
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Abstract
Description
セルロース繊維と、相溶化剤と、熱可塑性樹脂と、を含む熱可塑性樹脂複合材であって、
前記セルロース繊維は、繊維径が1~50μm、繊維長が10~400μmの繊維のみを実質的に含み、
前記セルロース繊維と熱可塑性樹脂の質量による組成比が、10:90~80:20であり、
前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材における任意の10箇所の断面の、所定の面積当たりに前記セルロース繊維が占有する面積率の標準偏差が、15%以下であることを特徴とする、熱可塑性樹脂複合材である。
本発明(2)は、
前記セルロース繊維は、一方の端部における繊維の軸方向(A)と、他方の端部における軸方向(B)とがなす繊維の屈曲角が0~60°であることを特徴とする、前記発明(1)の熱可塑性樹脂複合材である。
本発明(3)は、
前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、前記セルロース繊維と前記熱可塑性樹脂の質量による組成比が、60:40~20:80であることを特徴とする、前記発明(1)又は(2)の熱可塑性樹脂複合材である。
本発明(4)は、
前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリサルホン樹脂、変性PPO樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂のいずれかを含むことを特徴とする、前記発明(1)~(3)のいずれかの熱可塑性樹脂複合材である。
本発明(5)は、
セルロース繊維と、熱可塑性樹脂と、を含む熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子であって、
前記セルロース繊維の平均繊維長は、10~400μmであり、
前記セルロース繊維の平均繊維径は、1~50μmであり、
前記セルロース繊維の含有量は、前記熱可塑性樹脂の質量と前記セルロース繊維の質量の和を100質量%とした場合に、20~80質量%であり、
前記セルロース繊維は、実質的に前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向に配向していることを特徴とする、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子である。
本発明(6)は、
前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、230℃において、荷重を2.16kgfとして測定したメルトマスフローレイトが、5~30(g/10min)であることを特徴とする、前記発明(5)の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子である。
本発明(7)は、
前記セルロース繊維は、一方の端部における繊維の軸方向(A)と、他方の端部における軸方向(B)とがなす繊維の屈曲角が0~60°であることを特徴とする、前記発明(5)又は(6)の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子である。
本発明(8)は、
前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリサルホン樹脂、変性PPO樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂のいずれかを含むことを特徴とする、前記発明(5)~(7)のいずれかの熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子である。
本発明(9)は、
前記発明(5)~(8)のいずれかの熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を成形加工して得られることを特徴とする成形物である。
熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の構造について以下に説明する。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、セルロース繊維と、相溶化剤とを含む。
また、別の表現によれば、セルロース繊維は、繊維径が1~50μmの繊維のみを含むことが好ましい。セルロース繊維が繊維径1~50μmの繊維のみを含むとは、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合体を、X線CT分析装置を用いて撮影し、全てのセルロース繊維の繊維径を測定した場合において、セルロース繊維の繊維径(全てのセルロース繊維の繊維径)が、1~50μmの繊維のみであることを示す。
セルロース繊維の繊維径は、熱可塑性樹脂複合体を、X線CT分析装置を用いて撮影し、全ての繊維の繊維径(楕円形状の場合は長軸長さ、多角形の場合は最長辺長さとする)を測定して行う。X線CT分析装置は、以下の観察条件で測定する。
分析装置: Rigaku 高分解能3DX線顕微鏡nano3DX
測定条件: X線源Cu(40kV、30mA)
解析ソフト:Dragonfly Object Research Systems社製
画像サイズ:347.7×763.2μm 厚さ 654μm
また、別の表現によれば、セルロース繊維は、繊維長が10~400μm(10~350μm)の繊維のみを含むことが好ましい。セルロース繊維が繊維長10~400μm(10~350μm)の繊維のみを含むとは、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合体を、X線CT分析装置を用いて撮影し、全てのセルロース繊維の繊維長を測定した場合において、セルロース繊維の繊維長(全てのセルロース繊維の繊維長)が、10~400μm(10~350μm)の繊維のみであることを示す。
セルロース繊維の繊維長は、熱可塑性樹脂複合体を、X線CT分析装置を用いて撮影し、全ての繊維の繊維長を測定して行う。X線CT分析装置は、以下の観察条件で測定する。
分析装置: Rigaku 高分解能3DX線顕微鏡nano3DX
測定条件: X線源Cu(40kV、30mA)
解析ソフト:Dragonfly Object Research Systems社(カナダ)製
画像サイズ:347.7×763.2μm 厚さ 654μm
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、セルロース繊維と、熱可塑性樹脂と、を含む。
セルロース繊維の平均繊維長は、10~400μmであり、好ましくは10~350μmである。平均繊維長が前記範囲にある場合には、溶融時の流動性に優れるため成形加工性に優れ、強度や弾性率等の機械的特性に優れた成形物を得ることが可能な熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を得ることができる。
セルロース繊維の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向に対する配向性は、より具体的には、以下のように決定するものとする。熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向の断面内(熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向と、断面の法線方向が直交する任意の断面)に含まれるセルロース繊維のうち、その繊維長が50~400μmであるものを無作為に50個選択し、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向と、選択した50個のセルロース繊維の最も長い直線部分の軸方向と、がなす配向角を測定する。これら測定したセルロース繊維の配向角が、±30°以内であるものの割合が、選択した50個のセルロース繊維に対して80%以上(即ち、40個以上)であるものを配向しているものとする。このようなセルロース繊維の配向角が±30°以内であるものの割合が、選択した50個のセルロース繊維に対して、85%以上が好ましく、90%以上がより好ましい。このように、このようなセルロース繊維の配向角が±30°以内であるものの割合が、選択した50個のセルロース繊維に対して、多く存在すると、セルロース繊維の絡まりが抑制されるため、溶融時の流動性に優れるため成形加工性に優れ、強度や弾性率等の機械的特性に優れた成形物を得ることが可能な熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を得ることができる。これらのセルロース繊維の繊維長及び配向角の測定はX線CT分析装置を用いて観察する。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の原料について以下に説明する。について以下に詳述する。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、熱可塑性樹脂をバインダー層とする。熱可塑性樹脂としては、発明の効果を阻害しない限りにおいて特に限定されず、例えば、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリサルホン樹脂、変性PPO樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂を挙げることができる。これらは、単独で、又は、複数を組み合わせて用いることができる。溶融時の流動性に優れるため成形加工性により優れ、強度や弾性率等の機械的特性により優れた成形物を得ることが可能な熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を得ることができる観点で、ポリエチレン樹脂及びポリプロピレン樹脂が好ましく、ポリプロピレン樹脂が強度や弾性率等の機械的特性により優れた成形物を得ることが可能な熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を得ることができる観点で、より好ましい。
本発明にかかるセルロース繊維は、本発明の効果を阻害しない限りにおいて特に限定されない。即ち、パルプを解繊することによって得られる後述する本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の好適な製造方法では、パルプを粉砕(解繊)し、セルロース繊維とするため、パルプ由来のセルロース繊維が好ましい。パルプは、セルロース繊維に解繊されるが、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、解繊後の複数のセルロース繊維が、集合した集合体となったものを含んでもよい。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、相溶化剤を含む。また、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、相溶化剤を含むことができる。
ここでカルボン酸は、酸ハライド、エステル、酸無水物であってもよい。これらのうち、高分子量を維持しつつ高変性化に成功した無水マレイン酸変性ポリプロピレンはフィラーとの接着性向上、かつ分子レベルの絡み合いが起こることにより、ポリオレフィン系複合材料の強度を引き出させることが可能となる。
また、アクリル系モノマーとしては、例えば、n-ブチルメタクリレート、イソブチルメタクリレート、エチルアクリレート、n-ブチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジエチルアミノプロピルアクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート-N-(エトキシメチル)アクリルアミド、エチレングリコールメタクリレート、4-ヘキサフルオロブチルメタクリレートなどを挙げることができる。これらのアクリル系モノマーは、単独で、又は、複数を組み合わせて用いることができる。なお、これらモノマーは変性されたものであってもよい。
以下に、本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の製造方法の好適例を説明する。本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の製造方法はこれに限定されるものではない。パルプは、混練されたのち、セルロース繊維に解繊される。そのため、セルロース繊維の添加量としては、添加したパルプの添加量と等しくなる。
パルプは、熱可塑性樹脂と混合される前に、粗粉砕工程において、パルプ小片に粉砕される。パルプ小片の大きさとしては、特に限定されないが、混合の容易さや混練工程の時間短縮のため、パルプ小片の径又は最長辺が10~50mmとすることが好ましい。このような大きさとすることで、混練工程において、優れた分散性を示す。
上述の熱可塑性樹脂、パルプ小片及び相溶化剤は、混合されたのち、混練される。混合方法及び混練方法は特に限定されず、公知の方法で行うことができる。混練工程において、パルプ小片はセルロース繊維に粉砕(解繊)され、かつ、セルロース繊維は熱可塑性樹脂と混練される。
混錬工程により得られた混錬物は、造粒工程により粒子状(例えば、ペレット状)の熱可塑性樹脂複合材、又は、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子とされる。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂複合材及び熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、射出成型などの金型を用いて成形する方法や3Dプリンターによる成形方法等の成形物の原料として用いることができる。特に、微細な構造や複雑な構造を有する車両、機器、装置などの成形部品、コンテナ、パレット、プラスチックコア、建材などの工業用資材、日用品、雑貨に用いることが好適である。
<熱可塑性樹脂複合材の作製>
(原料)
・熱可塑性樹脂
ポリプロピレン(ノバテック社製 MG03BD)
ポリエチレン(日本ポリエチレン社製UJ480)
・パルプ(セルロース繊維の原料)
針葉樹パルプ(キャンフォー社製 NBKP)
広葉樹パルプ(スザノ社製 LBKP)
・相溶化剤
相溶化剤(化薬アクゾ社製 カヤブリッド 002PP-NW)
パルプを表1に示した量を秤量し、粉砕機を用いて、パルプが、長さ40mm以下、幅10mm以下の小片となるまで、粗粉砕した。
得られたパルプの小片に、表1に示した質量比となるようパルプ小片と樹脂を配合した。さらに、得られたパルプ小片と、熱可塑性樹脂と、相溶化剤の混合物の全質量を100質量%とした場合に、相溶化剤が1質量%となるように相溶化剤を添加し、ドライブレンドして各実施例及び比較例の混合物とした。得られた各混合物を、二軸混練機(池貝社製 PCM30)を用いて、表2に示した製造方法i~viでそれぞれ溶融混練した。製造方法i~viの詳細は表2に示した。得られた各実施例及び比較例の混練物をホットカットし、各実施例及び比較例の熱可塑性複合材のペレットとした。表2における分散性とは以下の評価基準で判断した。
(分散性の評価基準)
◎:面積率の標準偏差が13%以下であるもの
〇:面積率の標準偏差が13%超、15%以下であるもの
△:面積率の標準偏差が15%超であるもの
×:面積率の標準偏差が測定できなかったもの
<熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の作製>
(原料)
・熱可塑性樹脂
ポリプロピレン(ノバテック社製 MG03BD)
ポリエチレン(日本ポリエチレン社製UJ480)
・パルプ(セルロース繊維の原料)
針葉樹パルプ(キャンフォー社製 NBKP)
広葉樹パルプ(スザノ社製 LBKP)
木綿のパルプ(東邦特殊パルプ社製)
麻のパルプ(東邦特殊パルプ社製 フィリピンアバカパルプ)
・相溶化剤
相溶化剤(化薬アクゾ社製 カヤブリッド 002PP-NW)
パルプを表3及び表4に示した量を秤量し、粉砕機を用いて、パルプが、長さ40mm以下、幅10mm以下の小片となるまで、粗粉砕した。得られたパルプの小片に、表3及び表4に示した質量比となるようパルプ小片と樹脂を配合した。さらに、得られたパルプ小片と、熱可塑性樹脂と、相溶化剤の混合物の全質量を100質量%とした場合に、相溶化剤が1質量%となるように相溶化剤を添加し、ドライブレンドして各実施例及び比較例の混合物とした。得られた各混合物を、二軸混練機(池貝社製 PCM30)を用いて、フィード量5kg/h、回転数200rpm、混錬温度120~150℃の条件で混練した。得られた混練物を、長さ6mm、幅3mmの円柱状粒子として、下記A~Dの条件(造粒時における押出機からの樹脂の吐出条件)にてストランドカット(樹脂を押出機から細い棒状のまま吐出し、水に漬け冷やしてカットする方法)し、実施例9~29及び比較例5~10の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子とした。
A:樹脂を押出機から吐出し、大気中で1m程延伸した後、水に漬ける。
B:樹脂を押出機から吐出し、水に直ぐ漬け、延伸する。
C:樹脂を押出機から吐出し、水に直ぐ漬ける。(延伸せず)
D:樹脂を押出機から吐出する。(水に漬けず、延伸もしない。)
(メルトマスフローレイト)
各実施例及び比較例のペレットを、測定器(東洋精機社製:Melt Indexer F-F01)を用い、温度230℃、荷重2.16kgfを加えた時の流量を計測した。結果を表1、表3、表4に示した。
各実施例及び比較例のペレットを80℃、30分間乾燥器内で乾燥させ、射出成型機(日精樹脂工業社製:TD100-25ASE)を用い、シリンダー温度、ノズル温度ともに180℃の条件で樹脂を溶融させ、ダンベル形状試験片の形状の金型の内部に送り込み、冷却して成形体を得た。成形体の形状は、ダンベル形状試験片とし、JIS Z2201:1968で規定している板状試験片寸法とした。得られた各ダンベル形状試験片をインストロン型材料試験機(島津製作所社製:オートグラフAG25 TA)を用い、クロスヘッド速度を50mm/minとして、破断した際の荷重から引張強度を測定した。測定結果を表1、表3、表4に示した。
各実施例及び比較例のペレットを上述した引張強度と同じ試験片を準備した。得られた各ダンベル形状試験片をインストロン型材料試験機(株式会社 エー・アンド・デイ製 RTC-2410、ロードセル5kN)を用い、支点間距離60mmとして、試験片の平面の中央部に半径5mmの圧子を接触させて荷重を付加し、破断した際の荷重から曲げ強度測定した。なお、圧子による荷重の負荷は、試験片の厚み方向と平行になるように試験片を設置し、クロスヘッド速度を2mm/minとして曲げ強度を測定した。測定結果を表1、表3、表4に示した。
金型を、JIS K7191:2007「プラスチック-荷重たわみ温度の求め方-第1部:通則」に規定されている試験片形状(長さ80±2.0mm×幅10±0.2mm×厚さ4±0.2mm)用のものに変更した以外は、引張強度の試験片の作成方法と同様にして、各実施例及び比較例の試験片を作成した。荷重たわみ温度の測定は、HDT試験装置(東洋精機製作所社製 3M-2)を用いて行った。測定条件は、測定開始温度を60℃、昇温速度を2℃/min、負荷する曲げ応力を0.45MPaとし、たわみ量が0.34mmに達した際の温度を荷重たわみ温度として測定した。結果を表1、表3、表4に示した。
各実施例及び比較例のペレットを用い、温度180℃、射出出力800~1000MPa、金型温度60℃の成形条件下で射出成形し、全長174.25mm、幅20.5mm、厚さ4mmのダンベル試験片を作製した。
(評価基準)
◎:ダンベル試験片が正常に成形できる
〇:設定した条件では途中までしか成形できないが、圧力を1500MPaまで上げて成形できる
△:圧力変更後も途中までしか成形できないが、温度を200℃まで上昇させると成形できる
×:ゲートで詰まってしまい、成形できない
2 屈曲しているセルロース繊維
10 一方の端部(任意)
11 一方の端部の軸方向(軸方向(A))
12 他方の端部(任意)
13 他方の端部の軸方向(軸方向(B))
α 屈曲角
Claims (9)
- セルロース繊維と、相溶化剤と、熱可塑性樹脂と、を含む熱可塑性樹脂複合材であって、
前記セルロース繊維は、繊維径が1~50μm、繊維長が10~400μmの繊維のみを実質的に含み、
前記セルロース繊維と熱可塑性樹脂の質量による組成比が、10:90~80:20であり、
前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材における任意の10箇所の断面の、所定の面積当たりに前記セルロース繊維が占有する面積率の標準偏差が、15%以下であることを特徴とする、熱可塑性樹脂複合材。 - 前記セルロース繊維は、一方の端部における繊維の軸方向(A)と、他方の端部における軸方向(B)とがなす繊維の屈曲角が0~60°であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材は、前記セルロース繊維と前記熱可塑性樹脂の質量による組成比が、60:40~20:80であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリサルホン樹脂、変性PPO樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂のいずれかを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材。
- セルロース繊維と、熱可塑性樹脂と、を含む熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子であって、
前記セルロース繊維の平均繊維長は、10~400μmであり、
前記セルロース繊維の平均繊維径は、1~50μmであり、
前記セルロース繊維の含有量は、前記熱可塑性樹脂の質量と前記セルロース繊維の質量の和を100質量%とした場合に、20~80質量%であり、
前記セルロース繊維は、実質的に前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子の軸方向に配向していることを特徴とする、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子。 - 前記熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子は、230℃において、荷重を2.16kgfとして測定したメルトマスフローレイトが、5~30(g/10min)であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子。
- 前記セルロース繊維は、一方の端部における繊維の軸方向(A)と、他方の端部における軸方向(B)とがなす繊維の屈曲角が0~60°であることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリサルホン樹脂、変性PPO樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂のいずれかを含むことを特徴とする、請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子を成形加工して得られることを特徴とする成形物。
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| CN202410386465.9A CN118146568A (zh) | 2020-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | 热塑性树脂复合材料粒子和成型物 |
| JP2022531841A JP7617597B2 (ja) | 2020-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | 熱可塑性樹脂複合材、熱可塑性樹脂複合材粒子及び成形物 |
| CN202180042353.6A CN115885008B (zh) | 2020-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | 热塑性树脂复合材料、热塑性树脂复合材料粒子和成型物 |
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| JPWO2023162433A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | ||
| JP2023149104A (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-13 | 株式会社巴川製紙所 | セルロース繊維樹脂複合材料 |
| WO2025205061A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-26 | 2025-10-02 | 株式会社巴川コーポレーション | セルロース繊維複合材 |
| WO2026074906A1 (ja) * | 2024-10-02 | 2026-04-09 | 株式会社巴川コーポレーション | 熱可塑性樹脂複合材およびそれからなる成形物 |
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| CN121181958A (zh) * | 2025-10-27 | 2025-12-23 | 贵州博厚东盛智能环保科技有限公司 | 一种含改性pla的竹基纤维素可降解塑料薄膜的制备方法 |
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| US20230136359A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
| CN118146568A (zh) | 2024-06-07 |
| JP7617597B2 (ja) | 2025-01-20 |
| EP4166301A1 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
| EP4166301A4 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
| CN115885008B (zh) | 2024-04-16 |
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