WO2022001248A1 - 风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置 - Google Patents

风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001248A1
WO2022001248A1 PCT/CN2021/083977 CN2021083977W WO2022001248A1 WO 2022001248 A1 WO2022001248 A1 WO 2022001248A1 CN 2021083977 W CN2021083977 W CN 2021083977W WO 2022001248 A1 WO2022001248 A1 WO 2022001248A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
avoidance
interval
rotational speed
preset
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/083977
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张新丽
胡烨
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
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Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Goldwind Science and Creation Windpower Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to EP21833226.0A priority Critical patent/EP4130460B1/en
Priority to CA3181328A priority patent/CA3181328A1/en
Priority to BR112022024885-7A priority patent/BR112022024885B1/pt
Priority to AU2021303190A priority patent/AU2021303190B2/en
Priority to ES21833226T priority patent/ES3004132T3/es
Priority to US17/997,379 priority patent/US12092080B2/en
Publication of WO2022001248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001248A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/12231A priority patent/ZA202212231B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0298—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and more particularly, to a wind turbine generator set and a method and device for avoiding rotational speed control thereof.
  • avoidance speed control As the capacity of wind turbines increases, wind turbines equipped with high-flexible towers have gradually become a trend due to their high power generation performance and low cost. However, due to the low natural frequency of the high-flexible tower itself, the frequency doubled component in the operating speed of the wind turbine will overlap with the natural frequency of the high-flexible tower. In the conventional design, in order to avoid resonance between the unit and the first-order frequency of the tower at the minimum speed, the value of the minimum speed of the generator rotor is limited. This type of speed control method is called avoidance speed control.
  • the tower resonance can be avoided by increasing the avoidance speed range while selecting a smaller minimum speed value.
  • the rotation speed avoidance interval represents the rotation speed interval of the generator rotor that may adopt the rotation speed avoidance control method.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a wind turbine generator set and a rotational speed avoidance control method and device thereof, which can recognize that the wind turbine generator set repeatedly passes through the rotation speed avoidance interval, and avoid the wind turbine generator set by adjusting the parameters of the rotational speed avoidance control function of the wind turbine generator set. Repeatedly pass through the abnormal situation in the avoidance speed range.
  • a rotational speed avoidance control method for a wind turbine comprising: identifying whether the wind turbine repeatedly passes the rotational speed avoidance interval according to statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator is in the avoidance interval; When it is determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes through the avoidance speed interval, the speed avoidance control parameters of the wind turbine are adjusted according to the statistical information that the speed is in the avoidance speed interval.
  • a rotational speed avoidance control device for a wind turbine, the device comprising: an abnormality identification unit for identifying whether the wind turbine is Repeatedly passing through the avoidance speed interval; the adjustment unit, when it is determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes the avoidance speed interval, adjusts the avoidance speed control parameters of the wind turbine according to the statistical information that the speed is in the avoidance speed interval.
  • a wind power generator set including: a generator including a stator and a rotor mechanically connected with the impeller; a converter electrically coupled to the stator windings; a data acquisition module , is configured to collect the rotational speed of the generator rotor; the controller is configured to set the electromagnetic torque parameter of the converter to control the rotational speed of the generator, and the controller executes the above-mentioned rotational speed avoidance control method.
  • a wind power generator set including: a generator including a stator and a rotor mechanically connected with the impeller; a converter electrically coupled to the stator windings; a data acquisition module , is configured to collect the rotational speed of the generator rotor; the controller is configured to set the electromagnetic torque parameter of the converter to control the rotational speed of the generator, and the controller includes the above-mentioned rotational speed control device.
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program
  • the above-mentioned method for controlling the rotational speed of a wind turbine generator is implemented.
  • the generator rotation speed repeatedly passes through the rotation speed avoidance interval, and to avoid frequent entry of the generator rotation speed by adjusting the parameters of the rotation speed avoidance control function of the wind turbine. Or often in the avoidance speed range, resulting in abnormal resonance of the unit, overloading of the load, etc., to ensure the safety and reliability of the unit operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for avoiding rotational speed of a wind turbine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of avoidance speed control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for determining the ratio of rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to each time interval in a historical operating period according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 shows an example in which the unit speed repeatedly enters the avoidance speed range according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a distribution diagram of the proportion of rotation speed avoidance duration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a rotational speed avoidance control device for a wind turbine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for avoiding rotational speed of a wind turbine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method can be implemented by a computer program.
  • the method may be performed offline or online.
  • the method may be performed by a controller of a wind farm or a controller of a wind turbine (eg, a master controller).
  • step S10 according to statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator is in the rotational speed avoidance interval, it is identified whether the wind turbine repeatedly passes through the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the rotational speed of the generator may be the rotational speed of the generator rotor.
  • the statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator rotor is in the rotational speed avoidance interval may be statistical information that can be used to determine whether the rotational speed of the wind generator is often in or frequently enters the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator is in the rotational speed avoidance interval may include: the statistical duration of the rotational speed of the generator being in the rotational speed avoidance interval and/or the statistical number of times of entering the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the rotational speed avoidance condition of the wind turbine may refer to the condition that the rotational speed of the generator enters or is in the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator rotor is in the rotational speed avoidance interval shows that the rotational speed is often in or frequently enters the rotational speed avoidance interval beyond a certain level, it may be determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • Speed avoidance/speed ride-through control is a generator speed control function/strategy, which specifically refers to the control of the electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine converter and the generator speed, so that the wind turbine can quickly pass a certain speed during the power generation process.
  • Speed range ie, avoid speed range
  • the rotation speed avoidance interval mentioned in the present disclosure may be set for consideration of resonance, load reduction or other conditions, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the wind turbine captures wind energy by the impeller, and the generator and the converter form an energy conversion unit, which converts the wind energy into electrical energy and transmits it to the grid.
  • the generator includes a stator and a rotor mechanically connected to the impeller.
  • the converter is electrically coupled and connected to the stator winding.
  • the generator is a permanent magnet generator with magnets in the rotor.
  • the wind turbine is a direct-drive type, the converter is a full-power converter, and the electric energy converted from wind energy is all fed into the grid.
  • the controller of the wind turbine collects the wind speed and the current rotational speed of the generator and sends an electromagnetic torque control signal to the converter to control the current in the stator winding of the generator to control the rotational speed of the generator rotor.
  • the unit can control the pitch angle of each blade through the pitch system, so as to limit the energy absorbed by the impeller of the wind flow, and then adjust the aerodynamic torque.
  • the generator power at the same time complete conversion can be controlled electromagnetic torque T e of the generator.
  • the differential speed of the generator is related to the difference between the aerodynamic torque T a and the electromagnetic torque T e , where J1 is the moment of inertia, and w is the angular velocity.
  • the whole unit can adjust the aerodynamic torque T a and the electromagnetic torque T e through the pitch mechanism to realize the speed control of the unit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a rotational speed-electromagnetic torque operation curve of the generator, wherein the ordinate indicates the electromagnetic torque and the abscissa indicates the rotational speed.
  • the speed is between Wsync and Wrated, and (Wlow, Whigh) is the avoidance speed range, Wlow is the lower boundary value of the avoidance speed range, and Whigh is the upper boundary value of the avoidance speed range, that is, the unit cannot stay in the speed range for a long time. within this speed range.
  • Tlow-max and Thigh-min correspond to the electromagnetic torque control requirements at the two rotational speeds of Wlow and Whigh.
  • the rotational speed cannot continue to rise according to the rotational speed avoidance control requirement.
  • the speed will be controlled at Wlow. If the wind speed increases at this time, in order to maintain the speed at Wlow, the electromagnetic torque will continue to increase until it reaches Tlow-max (that is, reaching point B). The speed of V1 rad/s increases until the speed reaches Whigh, that is, the operating state reaches the point E. If the wind speed further increases at this time, the speed will continue to increase upward; when the wind speed decreases at the point E, according to the avoidance speed control requirements , the speed cannot continue to decrease, and the speed will be controlled at Whigh at this time.
  • Wlow and Whigh can be determined according to the design frequency of the unit (for example, the natural frequency of structural components including the tower), but parameters such as Tlow-max, Thigh-min, T1, T2, V1 and V2 are usually simulated by And/or human experience to set, so it is very easy to cause the unit to repeatedly pass through the avoidance speed range (Wlow, Whigh) due to external wind conditions and other reasons, which will affect the safety and life of the unit.
  • the statistical information of the generator speed in the avoidance speed interval can be It includes: the statistical duration of the first preset interval in which the rotational speed of the generator is in the avoidance speed interval and/or the counted number of times of entering the first preset interval.
  • the first preset interval may be: (Wlow+We1, Whigh-We2).
  • the rotational speed of the generator may or may not be equal to the rotational speed of the impeller.
  • the step of identifying whether the wind power generating set repeatedly passes through the rotating speed avoiding range according to the statistical time period during which the rotational speed of the generator is in the rotating speed avoiding range may include: determining, according to the operation data of the historical operating period of the wind power generating set, the The ratio of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to each time interval, wherein the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio corresponding to each time interval is: the total duration of the first preset interval in which the rotation speed is in the rotation speed avoidance interval within the time interval accounts for the preset and when the total number of time intervals in which the corresponding rotation speed avoidance duration ratio exceeds the preset standard ratio in the historical operation period exceeds the first preset number, it is determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes through the rotation speed avoidance interval, wherein , and the length of each time interval is the preset duration.
  • the preset duration may be used as an interval
  • the operation data of the historical operation period is divided into M groups of operation data, wherein each group of operation data includes: N data of the generators collected at N consecutive sampling time points. (that is, a total of N rotational speed values are collected once the rotational speed value is collected at each sampling time point); the ratio between the number of rotational speed values in the first preset interval among the N rotational speed values of each group and N , as the proportion of rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to each time interval, wherein M is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than 1. It should be understood that each group corresponds to a time interval, and different groups correspond to different time intervals.
  • the preset standard ratio may indicate that in the case of a normal rotation speed avoidance jump, within the preset duration, the total duration of the rotation speed in the rotation speed avoidance interval accounts for the ratio of the preset duration. Therefore, when any one of When the proportion of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval exceeds this normal ratio, it can indicate that the rotation speed avoidance situation in the time interval is abnormal.
  • the preset standard ratio may be determined based on at least one of the following items: the jump-up time required for the wind turbine to pass through the avoidance speed interval from a low speed to a high speed (ie, (Whigh-Wlow)/ V1), the down-jump time required to cross the avoidance speed interval from high speed to low speed (ie, (Whigh-Wlow)/V2), the preset number of times that the speed can be normally passed through the avoidance speed interval within the preset time period, and the length of the preset duration.
  • the preset standard ratio may be Ks: T max *I*J/L, where T max indicates the maximum value among the jump-up duration and the jump-down duration, I indicates a margin coefficient, J indicates the preset number of times that the rotation speed avoidance interval can be normally traversed within the preset duration, and L indicates the length of the preset duration.
  • the number of times of normally passing through the avoidance speed interval within the preset time period may be determined according to at least one of actual operating conditions, simulation, and human experience. For example, when the length of the preset time period is 20 minutes, the number of times that the rotation speed avoidance interval can be normally passed within the preset time period may be 10.
  • a margin coefficient I is added. For example, I can take a value between 1.1 and 1.5.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for determining the ratio of rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to each time interval in a historical operating period according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • step S101 the operation data of the historical operation period of the wind turbine is acquired, wherein the operation data includes the rotational speed value.
  • step S102 with the preset duration as an interval, the operation data of the historical operation period is divided into M groups of operation data. Specifically, the historical operation period is divided every preset period of time, and the obtained The operational data for each time interval forms a set of operational data.
  • Each set of operating data includes: N rotational speed values of the generator collected at consecutive N sampling time points (that is, N operating points), and the N rotational speed values are collected in the order of the corresponding sampling time points. arrangement. It should be understood that N depends on the length of the preset time period and the running data sampling period.
  • the historical operation period may be the latest month, and the preset period may be a value between 10min-30min.
  • step S103 it is determined whether i is less than or equal to M, where the initial value of i is 1.
  • step S104 is executed to determine whether j is less than or equal to N, where the initial value of j is 1.
  • step S106 is executed to determine whether the j-th rotational speed value w ij in the extracted i-th group of operating data is greater than (Wlow+We1) and less than (Whigh-We2).
  • step S106 When it is determined in step S106 that w ij ⁇ (Wlow+We1), or w ij ⁇ (Whigh-We2), the process returns to step S104.
  • step S109 is performed to record all Ki, that is, record K1, K2, K3, . . . , KM.
  • all Ki are the ratio of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to each time interval in the historical operation period.
  • step S20 is executed to adjust the speed avoidance control parameters of the wind turbine according to the statistical information that the speed is in the avoidance speed interval.
  • the wind power generator set can be prevented from repeatedly passing through the avoidance speed range as much as possible.
  • the present disclosure takes into account the problem that the unit repeatedly passes through the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the rotational speed avoidance interval is (7.410, 8.700).
  • Figure 5 shows the situation that the unit rotational speed repeatedly enters the rotational speed avoidance interval. Lead to abnormal resonance of the unit, overloading and other problems.
  • the unit Affected by the change of wind, when the wind speed increases, the unit accumulates enough energy to rapidly increase the generator speed to pass the avoidance speed range, but when the wind speed drops rapidly, the electromagnetic torque reaches the upper boundary value of the avoidance speed range (ie, Whigh) corresponding to the electromagnetic torque point, the speed of the generator is rapidly reduced to avoid the speed range, and if the wind speed changes drastically, as shown in Figure 5, it fluctuates repeatedly between 2m/s-6m/s, which will cause the speed of the generator. Frequently going back and forth within the upper and lower boundary values of the avoidance speed range, the present disclosure finds that this situation is generally caused by severe changes in external wind conditions, large turbulence, and unreasonable settings of the unit speed avoidance control parameters.
  • the adjusted rotational speed avoidance control parameters may include at least one of the following items: a jump-up waiting time, a jump-down waiting time, a first electromagnetic torque, and a second electromagnetic torque, wherein the jump-up waiting time is: Before crossing the avoidance speed interval from low speed to high speed, the time that the speed needs to stay at the lower boundary value of the avoidance speed interval (ie, Wlow) and the electromagnetic torque needs to stay at the first electromagnetic torque (ie, Tlow-max) (ie, , T1); the waiting time for jumping down is: before crossing the avoidance speed interval from high speed to low speed, the speed needs to be at the upper boundary value (ie, Whigh) of the avoidance speed interval and the electromagnetic torque needs to be at the second electromagnetic torque ( That is, the time spent at Thigh-min (ie, T2).
  • the avoidance speed interval is an open interval.
  • the waiting time for jumping up and the waiting time for jumping down may be increased, and/or the first electromagnetic torque may be increased and the second electromagnetic torque may be decreased, so as to accumulate more stable energy To achieve the purpose of the speed jumping quickly and avoiding the speed range, so as to shorten the time that the unit stays in the speed avoidance range.
  • the rotational speed avoidance control parameters of the wind turbine may be adjusted according to the distribution of the rotational speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval in which the corresponding rotational speed avoidance duration ratio exceeds the preset standard ratio in the historical operation period.
  • the reason for the abnormal speed avoidance situation can be determined according to the distribution of the abnormal rotation speed avoidance duration ratio (that is, the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio exceeding the preset standard ratio), if the abnormal rotation speed avoidance duration ratio is based on the distribution
  • the distribution of the wind turbines is determined to be caused by the drastic changes in the external wind conditions, the large turbulence, and the unreasonable setting of the avoidance speed control parameters of the unit, so the avoidance speed control parameters of the wind turbine can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the avoidance of the wind turbine may be adjusted.
  • the rotational speed control parameter wherein the preset wind speed segment is a wind speed segment near the wind speed segment corresponding to the avoidance rotational speed interval.
  • the wind speed segment corresponding to the rotation speed avoidance interval is in which wind speed segment, and the rotation speed will enter the rotation speed avoidance interval.
  • the wind speed segment near the wind speed segment corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance interval may be: a wind speed segment including the wind speed segment corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance interval, and the lower boundary value of the wind speed segment is higher than the wind speed segment corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the lower boundary value is smaller than the first preset value
  • the upper boundary value is larger than the upper boundary value of the wind speed segment corresponding to the avoidance speed interval by the second preset value.
  • the time interval corresponding to the preset wind speed segment means that the ambient wind speed value of the wind turbine is in the preset wind speed segment during the time interval.
  • the rotational speed avoidance control parameters may be determined according to the distribution of the rotational speed avoidance duration ratios corresponding to the time intervals corresponding to the preset wind speed segments in the historical operation period exceeding the preset standard ratio and corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance durations. and adjust the corresponding avoidance speed control parameters based on the determined adjustment amount. It should be understood that the sum or difference between the current parameter value of the avoidance speed control parameter and the determined adjustment amount is the adjusted parameter value. It should be understood that the adjustment amount determined for different avoidance speed control parameters may be different or the same.
  • the proportion of the corresponding rotation speed avoidance duration in the historical operation period exceeds the preset standard ratio and the ratio of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval corresponding to the preset wind speed segment, and the distance away from the preset standard ratio is greater.
  • the greater the number of large and/or far away from the preset standard ratio the greater the adjustment amount of the avoidance speed control parameter can be.
  • the adjustment amount is positively correlated with the degree of distance away from the preset standard ratio and/or the number of which is far away from the preset standard ratio, and the preset condition is that the ratio exceeds the preset standard ratio and the corresponding The time intervals correspond to preset wind speed segments.
  • the adjustment amount of the avoidance speed control parameter may also be related to the ambient wind condition.
  • the operation data used by the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be the operation data of multiple wind turbines of the same model in the wind farm.
  • the speed control parameters of multiple wind turbines are adjusted uniformly. Accordingly, the method may be performed by a controller of the wind farm.
  • the operation data used by the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may be the operation data of a single wind turbine, and by executing the method, the avoidance speed of the wind turbine can be controlled parameters can be adjusted individually.
  • the method can be performed by the controller of the wind farm and also by the controller of the wind turbine.
  • Fig. 6 shows the distribution of the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio Ki corresponding to different time intervals of all wind turbines of the same model of the wind farm
  • the abscissa in the figure indicates the wind speed
  • the ordinate indicates the value of Ki
  • the preset standard ratio Ks is 0.2
  • each point indicates the proportion of the rotation speed avoidance time corresponding to a wind turbine in a time interval. Therefore, the point where the rotation speed avoidance time proportion exceeds 0.2 is an abnormal point, otherwise it is a normal point.
  • the point set in Figure 6 is an obvious triangular structure. The highest point is near the wind speed of 6m/s. At this time, it corresponds to the wind speed point corresponding to the avoidance speed range.
  • the energy provided by the wind keeps the speed at the avoidance speed.
  • the rotation speed will stay at the lower boundary value for a long time; if the wind speed is too large, the rotation speed will stay at the upper boundary value for a long time. (such as 6m/s) and encountering large turbulence, there will be a problem of repeatedly entering the avoidance speed range.
  • the distribution of the proportion of rotation speed avoidance time that is, there are a large number of abnormal points where the corresponding wind speed is in the vicinity of the wind speed section corresponding to the rotation speed avoidance interval (ie, 5-7m/s), and these abnormal points are Triangular structure distribution
  • the abnormal speed avoidance of the wind turbine is caused by the improper setting of the avoidance speed control parameters. Therefore, this situation can be improved by adjusting the avoidance speed control parameters of the wind turbine, and further according to The distribution of abnormal points determines the adjustment amount of the rotational speed control parameters. For example, the greater the degree of distance from the abnormal point corresponding to the 5-7m/s wind speed from Ks and the greater the number of distances from Ks, the adjustment amount of the rotational speed control parameters. bigger.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a rotational speed avoidance control device for a wind turbine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the avoidance speed control device includes: an abnormality identification unit 10 and an adjustment unit 20 .
  • the abnormality identification unit 10 is configured to identify whether the wind turbine repeatedly passes through the rotational speed avoidance interval according to the statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator is in the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the adjustment unit 20 is configured to adjust the rotational speed avoidance control parameters of the wind turbine according to statistical information that the rotational speed is in the rotational speed avoidance interval when it is determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the statistical information that the rotational speed of the generator is in the rotational speed avoidance interval may include: the statistical duration of the rotational speed of the generator being in the rotational speed avoidance interval and/or the statistical number of times of entering the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the abnormality identification unit 10 may determine, according to the operation data of the historical operation period of the wind turbine, the ratio of the rotation speed avoidance time period corresponding to each time interval in the historical operation period; When the total number of time intervals in which the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio exceeds the preset standard ratio exceeds the first preset number, it is determined that the wind turbine repeatedly passes through the rotation speed avoidance interval, wherein the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio corresponding to each time interval is: The ratio of the total duration of the first preset interval in which the rotation speed is in the rotation speed avoidance interval within the time interval to the preset duration, wherein the length of each time interval is the preset duration.
  • the abnormality identification unit 10 may divide the operation data of the historical operation period into M groups of operation data by using the preset duration as an interval, wherein each group of operation data includes: The N rotational speed values of the generator; and the ratio between the number of rotational speed values in the first preset interval and N among the N rotational speed values of each group, as the corresponding time interval corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance duration accounted for ratio, where M is an integer greater than 1, and N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the preset standard ratio may be determined based on at least one of the following items: the time required for the wind turbine generator to pass through the avoidance speed interval from low speed to high speed, The down-jump duration required for the rotation speed interval, the preset number of times that the rotation speed avoidance interval can be normally crossed within the preset duration, and the length of the preset duration.
  • the preset standard ratio may be: T max *I*J/L, where T max indicates the maximum value among the jump-up duration and the jump-down duration, I indicates the margin coefficient, J Indicates the preset number of times that the rotation speed avoidance interval can be normally traversed within the preset time period, and L indicates the length of the preset time period.
  • the adjusted rotational speed avoidance control parameters may include at least one of the following items: a jump-up waiting time, a jump-down waiting time, a first electromagnetic torque, and a second electromagnetic torque, wherein the jump-up waiting time is: The time that the rotation speed needs to be at the lower boundary value of the avoidance speed range and the electromagnetic torque needs to stay at the first electromagnetic torque before crossing the avoidance speed interval from low speed to high speed, the jump waiting time is: The time that the rotational speed needs to be at the upper boundary value of the rotational speed avoidance interval and the electromagnetic torque needs to stay at the second electromagnetic torque before the rotational speed crosses the avoidance speed interval, wherein the avoidance speed interval is the open interval.
  • the adjustment unit 20 may increase the up-jump waiting time and the down-jump waiting time, and/or increase the first electromagnetic torque and decrease the second electromagnetic torque, according to the statistical information that the rotation speed is in the rotation speed avoidance range.
  • the adjustment unit 20 may adjust the rotational speed avoidance control parameter of the wind turbine according to the distribution of the rotational speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval in which the corresponding rotational speed avoidance duration ratio exceeds the preset standard ratio in the historical operation period. .
  • the adjustment unit 20 may adjust the wind power generation when the proportion of the corresponding rotational speed avoidance durations in the historical operation period exceeds a preset standard proportion and the number of time intervals corresponding to the preset wind speed segment exceeds a second preset number
  • the adjustment unit 20 may determine the avoidance speed according to the distribution of the ratio of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval corresponding to the preset wind speed segment in the historical operation period that exceeds the preset standard ratio and the rotation speed avoidance duration ratio.
  • the adjustment amount of the rotational speed control parameter, and the corresponding rotational speed avoidance control parameter is adjusted based on the determined adjustment amount, wherein the preset wind speed segment is a wind speed segment near the wind speed segment corresponding to the rotational speed avoidance interval.
  • the proportion of the corresponding rotation speed avoidance duration in the historical operation period exceeds the preset standard ratio and the ratio of the rotation speed avoidance duration corresponding to the time interval corresponding to the preset wind speed segment, and the distance away from the preset standard ratio is greater.
  • each unit in the rotational speed avoidance control device for a wind turbine may be implemented as hardware components and/or software components.
  • Those skilled in the art can implement each device using, for example, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) according to the processes performed by the respective devices as defined.
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a wind power generator set, as shown in FIG. 2
  • the wind power generator set includes a generator, a converter, a data acquisition module (not shown in the figure) and a controller
  • the generator includes a stator and a rotor mechanically connected to the impeller; the converter is electrically coupled to the stator winding; the data acquisition module is configured to collect the rotational speed of the generator rotor; the controller is configured to set the converter The electromagnetic torque parameter to control the current in the stator windings, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the generator rotor.
  • the controller is configured to execute the avoidance speed control method of the wind turbine as described in the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments.
  • the data acquisition module may include a rotational speed sensor.
  • the data collection module can also be configured to collect information such as electromagnetic torque, ambient wind speed, and the like of the wind turbine.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a wind power generator set, as shown in FIG. 2
  • the wind power generator set includes a generator, a converter, a data acquisition module (not shown in the figure) and a controller
  • the generator includes a stator and a rotor mechanically connected to the impeller; the converter is electrically coupled to the stator winding; the data acquisition module is configured to collect the rotational speed of the generator rotor; the controller is configured to set the converter The electromagnetic torque parameter to control the current in the stator windings, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the generator rotor.
  • the controller includes the rotational speed avoidance control device of the wind turbine according to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when the computer program is executed by a processor, implements the rotational speed avoidance control method for a wind turbine according to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiment .
  • the computer-readable storage medium is any data storage device that can store data read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable storage media include read-only memory, random-access memory, optical disks, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission over the Internet via wired or wireless transmission paths).

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Abstract

一种风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法，该方法包括：根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间；当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。相应地还具有一种风力发电机组的避转速控制装置。

Description

风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置 技术领域
本公开总体说来涉及风力发电技术领域，更具体地讲，涉及一种风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置。
背景技术
随着风力发电机组容量增大，配有高柔塔架的风力发电机组由于具有发电性能高、成本低等特点，逐渐成为一种趋势。但由于高柔塔架本身固有频率低，会导致风力发电机组运行转速中的倍频分量与高柔塔架固有频率发生重叠。在常规设计中，为了避免机组在最小转速时与塔架一阶频率产生共振，会对发电机转子最小转速的取值做出限制，这种类型的转速控制方式称为避转速控制。但由于目前一些大叶轮机组的额定转速非常低，如果满足上述对最小转速的限制则会导致最小转速与额定转速之间的范围过窄，从而带来机组发电性能不佳的问题。为了解决此问题，可以在选择较小的最小转速值的同时，通过增加避转速区间的方式来避免塔架共振。其中，避转速区间表示可能采取避转速控制方式的发电机转子的转速区间。
然而，风力发电机的转速经常处于或频繁进入避转速区间，会导致机组共振、载荷增加或其他安全问题。
发明内容
本公开的示例性实施例在于提供一种风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置，其能够识别风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间，通过调整风力发电机组的避转速控制功能的参数来避免机组反复通过避转速区间的异常情况。
根据本公开的示例性实施例，提供一种风力发电机组的避转速控制方法，所述方法包括：根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间；当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例，提供一种风力发电机组的避转速控制装置，所述装置包括：异常识别单元，根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间；调整单元，当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例，提供一种风力发电机组，包括：发电机，其包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；变流器，其与定子绕组电性耦合连接；数据采集模块，被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；控制器，被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数以控制发电机的转速，所述控制器执行如上所述的避转速控制方法。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例，提供一种风力发电机组，包括：发电机，其包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；变流器，其与定子绕组电性耦合连接；数据采集模块，被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；控制器，被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数以控制发电机的转速，所述控制器包括如上所述的避转速控制装置。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例，提供一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的风力发电机组的避转速控制方法。
根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组及其避转速控制方法、装置，能够识别发电机转速反复通过避转速区间，通过调整风力发电机组的避转速控制功能的参数来避免发电机转速频繁进入或经常处于避转速区间而导致机组共振异常、载荷超限等的问题，保证了机组运行的安全性和可靠性。
将在接下来的描述中部分阐述本公开总体构思另外的方面和/或优点，还有一部分通过描述将是清楚的，或者可以经过本公开总体构思的实施而得知。
附图说明
通过下面结合示例性地示出实施例的附图进行的描述，本公开示例性实施例的上述和其他目的和特点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1示出根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制方法的流程图；
图2示出根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的结构示意图；
图3示出根据本公开示例性实施例的避转速控制的原理图；
图4示出根据本公开示例性实施例的确定历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比的方法的流程图；
图5示出根据本公开示例性实施例的机组转速反复进入避转速区间的示例；
图6示出根据本公开示例性实施例的避转速时长占比的分布图；
图7示出根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制装置的框图。
具体实施方式
现将详细参照本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中，相同的标号始终指的是相同的部件。以下将通过参照附图来说明所述实施例，以便解释本公开。
图1示出根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制方法的流程图。所述方法可通过计算机程序来实现。作为示例，所述方法可被离线执行或在线执行。作为示例，所述方法可由风电场的控制器或风力发电机组的控制器(例如，主控制器)来执行。
参照图1，在步骤S10，根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间。
作为示例，发电机的转速可为发电机转子的转速。
作为示例，发电机转子的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息可以是能够用于判断风力发电机的转速是否经常处于或频繁进入避转速区间的统计信息。作为示例，发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息可包括：发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计时长和/或进入避转速区间的统计次数。
作为示例，风力发电机组的避转速情况可指发电机的转速进入或处于避转速区间的情况。作为示例，可当发电机转子的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息体现出转速经常处于或频繁进入避转速区间超过一定程度时，确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间。
避转速/转速穿越控制为一种发电机的转速控制功能/策略，具体指通过对风力发电机组变流器的电磁扭矩和发电机转速进行控制，使风力发电机组在发电过程中快速通过某一转速范围(即，避转速区间)，防止其长时间停留在 这个转速范围内，造成机组共振、载荷增加或其他问题。即，本公开所提及的避转速区间可以是出于对共振、降载或其他情况的考虑而设置的，本公开对此不作限制。
参照图2，风力发电机组由叶轮捕获风能，发电机和变流器构成能量转换单元，将风能转换为电能输送至电网。在图2的示例中，发电机包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子。变流器与定子绕组电性耦合连接。在本示例中，发电机为永磁发电机，转子中设置磁钢。风力发电机组为直驱型，变流器为全功率变流器，风能转化为的电能全部馈入电网。风力发电机组的控制器采集风速以及发电机当前的转速对变流器下发电磁扭矩控制信号，控制发电机定子绕组中的电流，以控制发电机转子的转速。由气动扭矩公式T a＝0.5ρC qπR 3V 2可知，气动扭矩T a与风速V的平方成正比，其中，ρ表示机组所在外界环境的空气密度，C q表示机组的扭矩系数，R表示叶轮半径。机组可以通过变桨系统实现对各个叶片的桨距角的控制，以此限制叶轮吸收风流的能量，进而调整气动扭矩。而发电机在完成电能转化的同时，可以控制发电机的电磁扭矩T e。由△T＝T a-T e，dw＝△T/J1可知，发电机转速微分与气动扭矩T a和电磁扭矩T e的差值有关，其中，J1为转动惯量，w为角速度。综上可知，整个机组可通过变桨机制调节气动扭矩T a和电磁扭矩T e来实现机组的转速控制。
图3示出了发电机的转速-电磁扭矩运行曲线，其中，纵坐标指示电磁扭矩，横坐标指示转速。机组正常运行时转速处于Wsync与Wrated之间，而(Wlow，Whigh)为避转速区间，Wlow为避转速区间的下边界值，Whigh为避转速区间的上边界值，即机组不能长时间停留在此转速区间内。Tlow-max和Thigh-min对应于Wlow和Whigh这两个转速下的电磁扭矩控制需求，具体地，当转速随着风速达到A点时，按照避转速控制要求，转速不能再继续上升，此时转速将被控制在Wlow，如果此时风速增加，为了使转速维持在Wlow，电磁扭矩将不断增加直至达到Tlow-max(即达到B点)，当在B点持续停留T1秒后，使转速以V1 rad/s的速度增大，直至转速达到Whigh，即，运行状态到达E点，如果此时风速进一步增加，则转速会继续向上增大；当在E点处风速降低，按照避转速控制要求，转速不能再继续下降，此时转速将被控制在Whigh，如果此时风速降低，则为了使转速维持在Whigh，电磁扭矩将不断降低直至达到Thigh-min(即达到D点)，当在D点持续停留T2 秒后，使转速以V2 rad/s的速度减小以向A点跳跃。其中，Wlow和Whigh可根据机组的设计频率(例如，包括塔架在内的结构部件的固有频率)来确定，但是Tlow-max、Thigh-min、T1、T2、V1以及V2等参数通常通过仿真和/或人为经验进行设置，因而极容易因为外界风况等原因导致机组在避转速区间(Wlow，Whigh)内反复通过，对机组的安全和寿命造成影响。
考虑到控制的精准度，可在避转速区间内的两端预留一部分区间，认为转速在预留的区间内也属于正常运行情况，作为示例，发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息可包括：发电机的转速处于避转速区间之中的第一预设区间的统计时长和/或进入第一预设区间的统计次数。这里，第一预设区间可为：(Wlow+We1，Whigh-We2)。
作为示例，发电机的转速可等于或不等于叶轮的转速。
作为示例，根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计时长识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间的步骤可包括：根据风力发电机组的历史运行时段的运行数据，确定所述历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比，其中，每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比为：该时间间隔内转速处于避转速区间之中的第一预设区间的总时长占预设时长的比例；并当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔的总数量超过第一预设数量时，确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间，其中，每个时间间隔的长度为所述预设时长。
作为示例，可以所述预设时长为间隔，将所述历史运行时段的运行数据，划分为M组运行数据，其中，每组运行数据包括：在连续N个采样时间点采集的发电机的N个转速值(即，每个采样时间点采集一次转速值共采集N个转速值)；将每组的N个转速值之中处于第一预设区间的转速值的数量与N之间的比值，作为相应的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比，其中，M为大于1的整数，N为大于1的整数。应该理解，每组对应于一个时间间隔，不同组对应的时间间隔不同。
作为示例，所述预设标准比例可指示在正常避转速跳转情况下，在所述预设时长内，转速处于避转速区间的总时长占所述预设时长的比例，因而，当任一时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比超过这个正常比例时，可说明该时间间隔内的避转速情况存在异常。
作为示例，所述预设标准比例可基于以下项之中的至少一项而确定：风 力发电机组从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间所需的上跳时长(即，(Whigh-Wlow)/V1)、从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间所需的下跳时长(即，(Whigh-Wlow)/V2)、预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、以及所述预设时长的长度。
作为示例，所述预设标准比例可为Ks：T max*I*J/L，其中，T max指示所述上跳时长和所述下跳时长之中的最大值、I指示余量系数、J指示预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、L指示所述预设时长的长度。
这里，所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数可根据实际运行情况、仿真模拟、人为经验之中的至少一项来确定。例如，当所述预设时长的长度为20min时，所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数可为10。为了在使用预设标准比例进行判断时留有一定的余量，能够接受一定程度的偏差，增加了一个余量系数I，例如，I可取1.1-1.5之间的数值。作为示例，T max可为10-30s之间的数值，例如，Wlow＝7rpm，Whigh＝11rpm，设定的V1＝V2＝0.2rpm/s(即，避转速控制的要求是以每秒0.2rpm的速度快速通过避转速区间)，则正常穿越/跳跃一次避转速区间的时间就是T1＝T2＝(Whigh-Wlow)/V1＝20s，假设上跳速度V1和下跳速度V2相等，则上跳时间(Whigh-Wlow)/V1和下跳时间(Whigh-Wlow)/V2)相同，则T max＝20s。例如，当L＝20min，J＝10，I＝1.2，T max＝20s时，所述预设标准比例为0.2。
图4示出根据本公开示例性实施例的确定历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比的方法的流程图。
如图4所示，在步骤S101，获取风力发电机组的历史运行时段的运行数据，其中，所述运行数据包括转速值。
在步骤S102，以所述预设时长为间隔，将所述历史运行时段的运行数据，划分为M组运行数据，具体地，每隔预设时长对所述历史运行时段进行划分，划分得到的每个时间间隔的运行数据形成一组运行数据。每组运行数据包括：在连续N个采样时间点(也即，N个运行点)采集的发电机的N个转速值，并且，所述N个转速值按照对应的采样时间点的先后顺序被排列。应该理解，N取决于所述预设时长的长度和运行数据采样周期。
作为示例，所述历史运行时段可为最近一个月，所述预设时长可为10min-30min之间的数值。
在步骤S103，判断i是否小于或等于M，其中，i的初始值为1。
当在步骤S103确定i小于或等于M时，执行步骤S104，判断j是否小于或等于N，其中，j的初始值为1。
当在步骤S104确定j小于或等于N时，执行步骤S105，提取第i组运行数据中的第j个转速值w ij，并使得j＝j+1。
在步骤S105之后，执行步骤S106，判断提取的第i组运行数据中的第j个转速值w ij是否大于(Wlow+We1)且小于(Whigh-We2)。
当在步骤S106确定w ij大于(Wlow+We1)且小于(Whigh-We2)时，执行步骤S107，令Ni＝Ni+1，并返回执行步骤S104，其中，Ni的初始值为0。
当在步骤S106确定w ij≤(Wlow+We1)、或者w ij≥(Whigh-We2)时，返回执行步骤S104。
当在步骤S104确定j大于N时，执行步骤S108，令Ki＝Ni/N，使得i＝i+1，并返回执行步骤S103。
当在步骤S103确定i大于M时，执行步骤S109，记录所有Ki，即，记录K1，K2，K3，……，KM。这里，所有Ki即为所述历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比。
返回图1，当在步骤S10确定机组反复通过避转速区间时，执行步骤S20，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。以使风力发电机组能够基于调整后的避转速控制参数来执行避转速控制，从而尽量避免风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间。
本公开考虑到机组在避转速区间内反复通过的问题，如图5所示，避转速区间为(7.410，8.700)，图5中示出了机组转速反复进入避转速区间的情况，而这会导致机组共振异常、载荷超限等问题。受到风的变化影响，当风速增大时，机组积聚足够能量使发电机转速快速增大以通过避转速区间，但当风速快速下降时，电磁扭矩达到了避转速区间的上边界值(即，Whigh)对应的电磁扭矩点，发电机转速快速降低以通过避转速区间，而如果风速变化剧烈，如图5所示反复在2m/s-6m/s之间波动，就会导致发电机的转速频繁往返于避转速区间的上下边界值内，本公开分析后得知这种情况一般是由于外界风况变化剧烈、湍流较大，同时伴有机组避转速控制参数设置不合理所导致的。
在现有技术中，关于反复通过避转速区间的异常评估还属于空白，主要原因是：上述原因的不确定性，很难在样机测试时发现，尤其是外界风况具 有很大的不确定性。而反复通过避转速区间的异常往往会带来以下两种问题：一是长时间处于避转速区间运行，振动增大到相应的保护阈值时，导致停机故障；二是长时间或短时处于避转速区间运行，但振动未达到相应的保护阈值，短期内可能看不到影响(例如，停机故障)，但长期累积下去会带来发电量损失和部件疲劳寿命折损，造成以发电量损失和部件损坏为代价，但即使是这样也很难发现造成上述问题的原因是避转速情况异常。
作为示例，调整的避转速控制参数可包括以下项之中的至少一项：上跳等待时间、下跳等待时间、第一电磁扭矩以及第二电磁扭矩，其中，所述上跳等待时间为：在从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间之前，转速需在避转速区间的下边界值(即，Wlow)且电磁扭矩需在第一电磁扭矩(即，Tlow-max)处停留的时间(即，T1)；所述下跳等待时间为：在从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间之前，转速需在避转速区间的上边界值(即，Whigh)且电磁扭矩需在第二电磁扭矩(即，Thigh-min)处停留的时间(即，T2)。应该理解，避转速区间为开区间。
作为示例，可根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，增大上跳等待时间和下跳等待时间，和/或，增大第一电磁扭矩并减小第二电磁扭矩，以积累更稳定的能量来达到转速快速跳跃避转速区间的目的，从而缩短机组停留在避转速区间的时间。
作为示例，可根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。具体说来，可根据异常的避转速时长占比(即，超过预设标准比例的避转速时长占比)的分布情况，确定导致避转速情况异常的原因，如果根据异常的避转速时长占比的分布情况确定是由于外界风况变化剧烈、湍流较大，同时伴有机组避转速控制参数设置不合理所导致的，则可相应地调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
作为示例，可当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔的数量超过第二预设数量时，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数，其中，所述预设风速段为在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段。作为示例，避转速区间所对应的风速段为在哪一风速段，转速会进入避转速区间。作为示例，在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段可为：包括避转速区间所对应的风速段的风速段，且该风速 段的下边界值比避转速区间所对应的风速段的下边界值小第一预设值，上边界值比避转速区间所对应的风速段的上边界值大第二预设值。对应于预设风速段的时间间隔指：风力发电机组在该时间间隔时环境风速值处于所述预设风速段。
作为示例，可根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，确定避转速控制参数的调整量，并基于确定的调整量调整对应的避转速控制参数。应该理解，避转速控制参数当前的参数值与确定的调整量之和或之差，即为调整后的参数值，应该理解，针对不同避转速控制参数确定的调整量可不同或相同。
作为示例，所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比，远离预设标准比例的远离程度越大和/或远离预设标准比例的数量越多，避转速控制参数的调整量可越大。换言之，调整量与满足预设条件的避转速时长占比远离预设标准比例的远离程度和/或其中远离预设标准比例的数量呈正相关，预设条件即为超过预设标准比例且对应的时间间隔对应于预设风速段。此外，避转速控制参数的调整量还可与环境风况有关。
在一个实施例中，根据本公开示例性实施例的方法所使用的运行数据可为风电场内同一型号的多台风力发电机组的运行数据，通过执行所述方法，可对该型号的所述多台风力发电机组的避转速控制参数进行统一调整。相应地，所述方法可由风电场的控制器执行。
在另一个实施例中，根据本公开示例性实施例的方法所使用的运行数据可为单独一台风力发电机组的运行数据，通过执行所述方法，可对该台风力发电机组的避转速控制参数进行单独调整。相应地，所述方法可由风电场的控制器执行，也可由该风力发电机组的控制器执行。
图6示出风电场的同一型号的所有风力发电机组的不同时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比Ki的分布情况，图中的横坐标指示风速，纵坐标指示Ki值，所述预设标准比例Ks为0.2，每个点指示一台风力发电机组在一个时间间隔下对应的避转速时长占比，因此，避转速时长占比超过0.2的点为异常点，否则为正常点。可以看出，图6中的点集为明显的三角形结构，以风速6m/s附近为最高点，此时对应的正好是避转速区间对应的风速点，风所提供的能 量使转速处于避转速区间的上边界值和下边界值之间，也就是说如果风速偏小，转速会长时间停留在下边界值，如果风速偏大，转速会长时间停留在上边界值，如果介入两者之间(如6m/s)且遇到较大的湍流，就会出现反复进入避转速区间的问题。因此，根据避转速时长占比的这种分布情况(即，出现大量的对应的风速处于避转速区间所对应的风速段附近(即，5-7m/s)的异常点，且这些异常点呈三角形结构分布)，可确定风力发电机组的避转速情况异常是由避转速控制参数设置不当所引起的，因此，可通过调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数来改善这种情况，并可进一步根据异常点的分布，确定避转速控制参数的调整量大小，例如，对应于5-7m/s风速的异常点远离Ks的程度越大且远离Ks的数量越多，则避转速控制参数的调整量越大。
根据本公开的示例性实施例，能够快速、准确地评估风力发电机组的避转速情况是否存在异常，并进一步结合根因分析和诊断，针对造成避转速情况异常的原因对避转速控制参数进行相应调整，以实现跳出异常，回归机组正常运行状态，避免进一步的振动超限和载荷增大。
图7示出根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制装置的框图。
如图7所示，所述避转速控制装置包括：异常识别单元10和调整单元20。
具体说来，异常识别单元10用于根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间。
调整单元20用于当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
作为示例，发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息可包括：发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计时长和/或进入避转速区间的统计次数。
作为示例，异常识别单元10可根据风力发电机组的历史运行时段的运行数据，确定所述历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比；当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔的总数量超过第一预设数量时，确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间，其中，每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比为：该时间间隔内转速处于避转速区间之中的第一预设区间的总时长占预设时长的比例，其中，每个时间间隔的长度为所述预设时长。
作为示例，异常识别单元10可以所述预设时长为间隔，将所述历史运行时段的运行数据，划分为M组运行数据，其中，每组运行数据包括：在连续N个采样时间点采集的发电机的N个转速值；并将每组的N个转速值之中处于第一预设区间的转速值的数量与N之间的比值，作为相应的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比，其中，M为大于1的整数，N为大于1的整数。
作为示例，所述预设标准比例可基于以下项之中的至少一项而确定：风力发电机组从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间所需的上跳时长、从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间所需的下跳时长、预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、以及所述预设时长的长度。
作为示例，所述预设标准比例可为：T max*I*J/L，其中，T max指示所述上跳时长和所述下跳时长之中的最大值、I指示余量系数、J指示预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、L指示所述预设时长的长度。
作为示例，调整的避转速控制参数可包括以下项之中的至少一项：上跳等待时间、下跳等待时间、第一电磁扭矩以及第二电磁扭矩，其中，所述上跳等待时间为：在从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间之前转速需在避转速区间的下边界值且电磁扭矩需在第一电磁扭矩处停留的时间，所述下跳等待时间为：在从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间之前转速需在避转速区间的上边界值且电磁扭矩需在第二电磁扭矩处停留的时间，其中，避转速区间为开区间。
作为示例，调整单元20可根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，增大上跳等待时间和下跳等待时间，和/或，增大第一电磁扭矩并减小第二电磁扭矩。
作为示例，调整单元20可根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
作为示例，调整单元20可当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔的数量超过第二预设数量时，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数，其中，所述预设风速段为在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段。
作为示例，调整单元20可根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，确定避转速控制参数的调整量，并基于确定的调整量调整对应 的避转速控制参数，其中，所述预设风速段为在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段。
作为示例，所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比，远离预设标准比例的远离程度越大和/或远离预设标准比例的数量越多，避转速控制参数的调整量可越大。
应该理解，根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制装置所执行的具体处理已经参照图1-6进行了详细描述，这里将不再赘述相关细节。
应该理解，根据本公开示例性实施例的风力发电机组的避转速控制装置中的各个单元可被实现硬件组件和/或软件组件。本领域技术人员根据限定的各个装置所执行的处理，可以例如使用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或专用集成电路(ASIC)来实现各个装置。
此外，本公开的示例性实施例还提供一种风力发电机组，如图2所示，该风力发电机组包括发电机、变流器、数据采集模块(图中未示出)和控制器，其中，所述发电机包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；所述变流器与定子绕组电性耦合连接；数据采集模块被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；控制器被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数，以控制所述定子绕组中的电流，从而控制发电机转子的转速。所述控制器被配置为执行如上述示例性实施例所述的风力发电机组的避转速控制方法。作为示例，数据采集模块可包括转速传感器。此外，数据采集模块还可被配置为采集风力发电机组的电磁扭矩、环境风速等信息。
此外，本公开的示例性实施例还提供一种风力发电机组，如图2所示，该风力发电机组包括发电机、变流器、数据采集模块(图中未示出)和控制器，其中，所述发电机包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；所述变流器与定子绕组电性耦合连接；数据采集模块被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；控制器被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数，以控制所述定子绕组中的电流，从而控制发电机转子的转速。所述控制器包括如上述示例性实施例所述的风力发电机组的避转速控制装置。
本公开的示例性实施例还提供一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述示例性实施例所述的风 力发电机组的避转速控制方法。该计算机可读存储介质是可存储由计算机系统读出的数据的任意数据存储装置。计算机可读存储介质的示例包括：只读存储器、随机存取存储器、只读光盘、磁带、软盘、光数据存储装置和载波(诸如经有线或无线传输路径通过互联网的数据传输)。
虽然已表示和描述了本公开的一些示例性实施例，但本领域技术人员应该理解，在不脱离由权利要求及其等同物限定其范围的本公开的原理和精神的情况下，可以对这些实施例进行修改。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种风力发电机组的避转速控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间；
    当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息包括：发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计时长和/或进入避转速区间的统计次数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计时长识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间的步骤包括：
    根据风力发电机组的历史运行时段的运行数据，确定所述历史运行时段中的每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比，其中，每个时间间隔对应的避转速时长占比为：该时间间隔内转速处于避转速区间之中的第一预设区间的总时长占预设时长的比例；
    当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔的总数量超过第一预设数量时，确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间，
    其中，每个时间间隔的长度为所述预设时长。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设标准比例基于以下项之中的至少一项而确定：风力发电机组从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间所需的上跳时长、从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间所需的下跳时长、预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、以及所述预设时长的长度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设标准比例为：T max*I*J/L，
    其中，T max指示所述上跳时长和所述下跳时长之中的最大值、I指示余量系数、J指示预设的在所述预设时长内正常可穿越避转速区间的次数、L指示所述预设时长的长度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，调整的避转速控制参数包 括以下项之中的至少一项：上跳等待时间、下跳等待时间、第一电磁扭矩以及第二电磁扭矩，
    其中，所述上跳等待时间为：在从低转速向高转速穿越避转速区间之前转速需在避转速区间的下边界值且电磁扭矩需在第一电磁扭矩处停留的时间，
    所述下跳等待时间为：在从高转速向低转速穿越避转速区间之前转速需在避转速区间的上边界值且电磁扭矩需在第二电磁扭矩处停留的时间，
    其中，避转速区间为开区间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数的步骤包括：
    根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，增大上跳等待时间和下跳等待时间，和/或，增大第一电磁扭矩并减小第二电磁扭矩。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数的步骤包括：
    根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数的步骤包括：
    当所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔的数量超过第二预设数量时，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数，
    其中，所述预设风速段为在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数的步骤包括：
    根据所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比的分布，确定避转速控制参数的调整量，并基于确定的调整量调整对应的避转速控制参数，
    其中，所述预设风速段为在避转速区间所对应的风速段附近的风速段。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述历史运行时段之中对应的避转速时长占比超过预设标准比例且对应于预设风速段的时间间隔所对应的避转速时长占比，远离预设标准比例的远离程度越大和/或远离预设标准比例的数量越多，避转速控制参数的调整量越大。
  12. 一种风力发电机组的避转速控制装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    异常识别单元，根据发电机的转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，识别风力发电机组是否反复通过避转速区间；
    调整单元，当确定风力发电机组反复通过避转速区间时，根据转速处于避转速区间的统计信息，调整风力发电机组的避转速控制参数。
  13. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括：
    发电机，其包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；
    变流器，其与定子绕组电性耦合连接；
    数据采集模块，被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；
    控制器，被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数以控制发电机的转速，所述控制器执行如权利要求1至11中的任意一项所述的避转速控制方法。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的风力发电机组，其特征在于，所述发电机为永磁发电机，所述风力发电机组为直驱型。
  15. 一种风力发电机组，其特征在于，包括：
    发电机，其包括定子和与叶轮机械连接的转子；
    变流器，其与定子绕组电性耦合连接；
    数据采集模块，被配置为采集发电机转子的转速；
    控制器，被配置为设置变流器的电磁扭矩参数以控制发电机的转速，所述控制器包括如权利要求12所述的避转速控制装置。
  16. 一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，当所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至11中的任意一项所述的风力发电机组的避转速控制方法。
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