WO2022004149A1 - 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
合成単結晶ダイヤモンド及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
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- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
- B01J3/062—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies characterised by the composition of the materials to be processed
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- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
- B01J3/065—Presses for the formation of diamonds or boronitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/04—Diamond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B33/04—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure using electric or magnetic fields or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B9/00—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
- C30B9/04—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution
- C30B9/08—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution using other solvents
- C30B9/10—Metal solvents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2203/00—Processes utilising sub- or super atmospheric pressure
- B01J2203/06—High pressure synthesis
- B01J2203/065—Composition of the material produced
- B01J2203/0655—Diamond
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
Definitions
- single crystal diamond Since single crystal diamond has high hardness, it is widely used in tools such as cutting tools, grinding tools, and abrasion resistant tools.
- Single crystal diamonds used in tools include natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds.
- Natural diamonds contain aggregated nitrogen atoms as impurities (Type Ia). Aggregate nitrogen atoms in diamond crystals can prevent plastic deformation and crack growth that occur when diamond is used in tools. Therefore, natural diamond has high mechanical strength. However, the quality of natural diamond varies widely and the supply is not stable, so its use for industrial applications is limited.
- Ordinary synthetic diamond contains isolated substitution nitrogen atoms as impurities (Ib type).
- Ib type isolated substitution nitrogen atoms as impurities
- type IIa synthetic diamond does not contain impurities or crystal defects that prevent the growth of cracks, it tends to cause chipping of the cutting edge when used in a tool.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2019/077888 discloses a synthetic single crystal diamond having high hardness and excellent fracture resistance.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure is a synthetic single crystal diamond containing a nitrogen atom of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond comprises an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and any of two to four nitrogen atoms present adjacent to the vacancies.
- the ratio b / a of the length b of the shorter diagonal line to the length a of the diagonal line of the diagonal line of the Nupe indentation in the ⁇ 110> direction on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond is 0.08 or less.
- the Knoop indentation has a Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 100> direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond at a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. and a test load of 4.9 N in accordance with JIS Z 2251: 2009. It is a synthetic single crystal diamond formed by measuring under conditions.
- the method for producing synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure is the above-mentioned method for producing synthetic single crystal diamond.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a noup indentation.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a sample chamber configuration used for producing synthetic single crystal diamond according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a synthetic single crystal diamond having a high hardness, a large elastic recovery rate, and excellent fracture resistance.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure is a synthetic single crystal diamond containing a nitrogen atom of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond comprises an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and any of two to four nitrogen atoms present adjacent to the vacancies.
- the ratio b / a of the length b of the shorter diagonal line to the length a of the diagonal line of the diagonal line of the Nupe indentation in the ⁇ 110> direction on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond is 0.08 or less.
- the Knoop indentation has a Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 100> direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond at a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. and a test load of 4.9 N in accordance with JIS Z 2251: 2009. It is a synthetic single crystal diamond formed by measuring under conditions.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and excellent fracture resistance.
- the absorption peak exists within the range of wave number 1175 ⁇ 2 cm -1.
- synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and can have excellent fracture resistance.
- emission peaks are present in one or both of the fluorescence wavelength range of 503 ⁇ 2 nm and the fluorescence wavelength range of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less.
- synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the emission peak is present in one or both of the fluorescence wavelength range of 415 ⁇ 2 nm and the fluorescence wavelength range of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less.
- synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the absorption peak exists within the range of wave number 1282 ⁇ 2 cm -1.
- synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the absorption peak exists in the range of wave number 1370 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less.
- synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 100> direction on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond is preferably 100 GPa or more.
- synthetic single crystal diamond can have excellent wear resistance.
- the crack generation load is preferably 17 N or more.
- synthetic single crystal diamond can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the method for producing synthetic single crystal diamond disclosed in the present disclosure is as follows.
- the above method for producing synthetic single crystal diamond The first step of synthesizing a diamond single crystal containing a nitrogen atom at a concentration of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less based on the number of atoms by a temperature difference method using a solvent metal.
- Nitrogen atoms in diamond crystals can be classified into isolated substitution type nitrogen atoms, aggregated nitrogen atoms, etc., depending on their existence form.
- the isolated substitution type nitrogen atom exists at the position of the carbon atom in the diamond crystal by substituting the nitrogen atom in units of one atom.
- the present inventors have found that when a diamond crystal contains an isolated substitution type nitrogen atom, a local tensile stress is generated in the crystal lattice around the diamond crystal, which becomes a starting point of plastic deformation or fracture, and the hardness is lowered to withstand. It is newly assumed that wear resistance and fracture resistance will decrease.
- Synthetic single crystal diamond containing isolated substitutional nitrogen atoms shows the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, near the wave number 1130 cm -1 (i.e., wave number 1130 ⁇ 2 cm -1) absorption peaks.
- ESR Electron Spin Response, electron spin resonance
- Aggregate nitrogen atoms are those in which two or more nitrogen atoms are aggregated and exist in a diamond crystal.
- the present inventors have newly assumed that the aggregated nitrogen atom in the diamond crystal can suppress the plastic deformation and the growth of cracks that occur when a load is applied to the diamond crystal.
- the present inventors have newly assumed that when a diamond crystal contains agglomerated nitrogen atoms, the hardness of the diamond crystal becomes high, the elastic deformability becomes high, and the fracture resistance is improved.
- Aggregated nitrogen atoms include A center (nitrogen 2 atom pair), H3 center (nitrogen 2 atom aggregation), N3 center (nitrogen 3 atom aggregation), B center (nitrogen 4 atom condensation), B'center (platelet), etc. Exists in.
- the A center (two nitrogen atom pair) is an agglomerate consisting of two nitrogen atoms, and the two nitrogen atoms form a covalent bond and each nitrogen atom is replaced with a carbon atom constituting a diamond crystal.
- Diamonds containing A-centers (2 nitrogen atom pairs) are called IAA type.
- the H3 center (2 nitrogen atom agglomeration) is an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and two nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies, and each nitrogen atom is a carbon atom constituting a diamond crystal. It is replacing.
- the "nitrogen atom existing adjacent to a vacancy” is a nitrogen atom having the shortest interatomic distance from the carbon atom (that is, assuming that a carbon atom exists at the position of the vacancy). It means the nearest atom. It is also synonymous with N3 center and B center, which will be described later.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond containing the H3 center (nitrogen 2 atom aggregation) has a fluorescence spectrum of about 503 nm (for example, a fluorescence wavelength of 503 ⁇ 2 nm) in a fluorescence spectrum obtained by irradiating an excitation light shorter than about 500 nm, for example, an excitation light having a wavelength of 325 nm. ), And one or both of the emission peaks are present in the range of the fluorescence wavelength of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less.
- the N3 center (nitrogen 3-atom agglomeration) is an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and three nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies, and each nitrogen atom is a carbon atom constituting a diamond crystal. It is replacing.
- Synthetic single crystal diamonds containing N3 center have a fluorescence spectrum of around 415 nm (for example, a fluorescence wavelength of 415 ⁇ 2 nm) in a fluorescence spectrum obtained by irradiating an excitation light shorter than about 410 nm, for example, an excitation light having a wavelength of 325 nm. ), And one or both of the emission peaks are present in the range of the fluorescence wavelength of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less.
- the B center (condensation of 4 nitrogen atoms) is an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and four nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies, and each nitrogen atom is a carbon atom constituting a diamond crystal. It is replacing.
- Diamonds containing B-center (4 nitrogen atom aggregation) are called IaB type.
- Nitrogen 4 synthetic single crystal diamond containing atoms aggregation shows the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, near wavenumber 1175cm -1 (e.g., the wave number 1175 ⁇ 2 cm -1) absorption peaks.
- the B'center (also called a platelet) is a plate-like aggregate composed of five or more nitrogen atoms and interstitial carbon, and is incorporated as inclusions in the crystal.
- a diamond containing a B'center (platelet) is called an IaB'type.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond containing the B'center (platelet) shows an absorption peak at a wave number of 1358 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less in the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- the present inventors have diligently studied aggregated nitrogen atoms that can improve the characteristics of synthetic single crystal diamond, and newly found that the B center, H3 center and N3 center have less crystal strain and stable structure. I found it. Then, by forming at least one of B center, H3 center and N3 center in the synthetic single crystal diamond, it is possible to further improve the mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic deformation resistance and fracture resistance of the synthetic single crystal diamond. We have newly discovered what we can do and completed this disclosure.
- the notation in the form of "A to B” means the upper and lower limits of the range (that is, A or more and B or less), and when there is no description of the unit in A and the unit is described only in B, A.
- the unit of and the unit of B are the same.
- the generic plane orientation including the crystal geometrically equivalent plane orientation is indicated by ⁇
- the generic direction including the crystal geometrically equivalent direction is indicated by ⁇ >.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment is a synthetic single crystal diamond containing a nitrogen atom of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less, and the synthetic single crystal diamond exists in one hole and adjacent to the hole 2.
- the shorter of the diagonal length a of the ⁇ 110> direction Knoop indentation on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond, which contains an aggregate consisting of one to four nitrogen atoms.
- the ratio b / a of the diagonal length b of is 0.08 or less, and the Knoop indentation brings the Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond to JIS Z 2251: 2009.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment has high hardness, high elastic recovery rate, and excellent fracture resistance. The reason for this is not clear, but it is presumed to be as follows (i) to (iii).
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment contains nitrogen atoms at a concentration of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less based on the number of atoms. According to this, nitrogen atoms in the synthetic single crystal diamond tend to aggregate with each other. Therefore, the synthetic single crystal diamond tends to contain aggregated nitrogen atoms, has high elastic deformability, and has improved fracture resistance.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment contains an aggregate consisting of one pore and any of two to four nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the pore. Therefore, the synthetic single crystal diamond has high hardness, high elastic deformability, and improved fracture resistance.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation is 0.08 or less. Therefore, the synthetic single crystal diamond has high elastic deformability. The relationship between the indentation of Noup and the elastic deformability will be described later.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment contains nitrogen atoms at a concentration of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less (hereinafter, also referred to as “nitrogen atom concentration”) based on the number of atoms.
- nitrogen atom concentration 100 ppm or more
- the nitrogen atoms in the synthetic single crystal diamond tend to form aggregated nitrogen atoms.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond can have high hardness and excellent fracture resistance.
- the lower limit of the nitrogen atom concentration in synthetic single crystal diamond can be 100 ppm or more, 200 ppm or more, and 300 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be 1500 ppm or less, 1400 ppm or less, and 1300 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in synthetic single crystal diamond is 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less, 100 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less, 100 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less, 200 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less, 200 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less, 200 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less, 300 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less, 300 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less. , 300 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry).
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment contains an agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and any of two to four nitrogen atoms present adjacent to the vacancies.
- An agglomerate consisting of one vacancy and two nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancy includes an H3 center (nitrogen 2-atom aggregation).
- An agglomerate consisting of one vacancies and three nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies includes an N3 center (nitrogen triatomic agglomeration).
- An agglomerate composed of one vacancies and four nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies includes B center (nitrogen 4-atom aggregation).
- the B center, H3 center and N3 center have little crystal strain and the structure is stable. Since the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment contains at least one of B center, H3 center and N3 center, it has high hardness, high elastic deformability, and excellent fracture resistance.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment preferably contains an agglomerate (B center (nitrogen 4-atom aggregation)) consisting of one pore and four nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the pore.
- B center nitrogen 4-atom aggregation
- the inclusion of the B center in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be confirmed by the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, in the infrared absorption spectrum, around wavenumber 1175cm -1 (e.g., the wave number 1175 ⁇ 2 cm -1) if the absorption peak is present, the synthetic single-crystal diamond is determined to contain B centers.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment preferably contains an agglomerate (H3 center (nitrogen diatomic agglomeration)) consisting of one vacancies and two nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies.
- H3 center nitrogen diatomic agglomeration
- the inclusion of the H3 center in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be confirmed by the fluorescence spectrum obtained by irradiating with excitation light having a wavelength of 325 nm.
- the fluorescence wavelength is within the range of 503 ⁇ 2 nm, and one or both of the fluorescence wavelengths are within the range of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less. If an emission peak is present, the synthetic single crystal diamond is determined to contain an H3 center.
- the peak within the fluorescence wavelength range of 503 ⁇ 2 nm corresponds to the emission peak corresponding to the zero phonon line at the H3 center, and the emission peak within the fluorescence wavelength range of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less corresponds to the subband (phonon side band) at the H3 center. It is a emission peak. Emission peaks having a fluorescence wavelength in the range of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less are observed as one or more chevron peaks in the range. At least one of the chevron peaks shows maximum intensity within the range.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment preferably contains an aggregate (N3 center (nitrogen triatomic aggregation)) consisting of one pore and three nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the pore.
- the inclusion of the N3 center in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be confirmed by the fluorescence spectrum obtained by irradiating the synthetic single crystal diamond with excitation light having a wavelength of 325 nm.
- the fluorescence wavelength is within the range of 415 ⁇ 2 nm, and one or both of the fluorescence wavelengths are within the range of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less. If an emission peak is present, the synthetic single crystal diamond is determined to contain an N3 center.
- the peak in the range of the fluorescence wavelength of 415 ⁇ 2 nm corresponds to the emission peak corresponding to the zero phonon line at the N3 center, and the emission peak in the range of the fluorescence wavelength of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less corresponds to the subband (phonon side band) of the N3 center. It is a emission peak. Emission peaks having a fluorescence wavelength in the range of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less are observed as one or more chevron peaks in the range. At least one of the chevron peaks shows maximum intensity within the range.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of this embodiment preferably contains an A center (2 nitrogen atom pair).
- the A center in the synthetic single crystal diamond can suppress the propagation of cracks. Therefore, synthetic single crystal diamond can have excellent fracture resistance.
- the inclusion of the A center in the synthetic single crystal diamond can be confirmed by the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, in the infrared absorption spectrum, around wavenumber 1282cm -1 (e.g., 1282 ⁇ 2 cm -1) if there is absorption peak, said synthetic single-crystal diamond is determined to contain A center.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment preferably has an absorption peak in the range of a wave number of 1370 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less in its infrared absorption spectrum.
- the absorption peak is derived from the B'center (platelet) in the synthetic single crystal diamond.
- synthetic single crystal diamond In the infrared absorption spectrum of synthetic single crystal diamond , when the absorption peak exists in the range of wave number 1370 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less, the size of the aggregate of nitrogen atoms contained in the B'center (platelet) is appropriate. Therefore, it is possible to prevent plastic deformation and the growth of cracks, and it is unlikely to be the starting point of fracture. Therefore, synthetic single crystal diamond can have high hardness and excellent strength.
- synthetic single crystal diamond containing a B'center shows an absorption peak at a wave number of 1358 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less in an infrared absorption spectrum.
- the absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1370 cm -1 is smaller than the range (less than a wavenumber 1358cm -1 or higher wavenumber 1370 cm -1) is present, B 'Center (platelets) in the crystal aggregates is too large, it becomes a starting point of fracture Not preferred. Therefore, in the infrared absorption spectrum of synthetic single crystal diamond, it is preferable that no absorption peak exists in the range of wave number 1358 cm -1 or more and wave number less than 1370 cm -1.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment may contain aggregated nitrogen atoms other than the H3 center, N3 center, B center and B'center.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment preferably does not contain an isolated substituted nitrogen atom (C center). According to this, the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment can have high hardness and excellent fracture resistance.
- the absence of isolated substituted nitrogen atoms in synthetic single crystal diamond can be determined by the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- Single crystal diamond containing isolated substitutional nitrogen atoms in the infrared absorption spectrum measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a peak in the vicinity of a wave number of 1130 cm -1 (i.e., wave number 1130 ⁇ 2cm -1). Therefore, in the infrared absorption spectrum of the synthetic single crystal diamond, the isolated substituted nitrogen atom is contained by confirming that the absorption peak derived from the isolated substituted nitrogen atom does not exist in the wave number range of 1130 ⁇ 2 cm -1. It can be judged that there is no such thing.
- the ratio b / a of the length b of the shorter diagonal to the length a of the diagonal of the Knoop indentation in the ⁇ 110> direction on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment is 0.08.
- the Knoop indentation shows the Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 100> direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond at a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. and a test load in accordance with JIS Z 2251: 2009. It is formed by measuring under the condition of 4.9N.
- Knoop hardness is known as one of the measures for expressing the hardness of industrial materials as specified in JIS Z2251: 2009, and a Knoop indenter is used at a predetermined temperature and a predetermined load (test load). The hardness of the material to be measured is obtained by pressing it against the material to be measured.
- the noup indenter is a diamond indenter whose bottom surface is in the shape of a diamond-shaped quadrangular prism.
- the rhombus on the bottom surface is defined as having a ratio b'/ a'of the length b'of the shorter diagonal line to the length a'of the longer diagonal line of the diagonal line of 0.141.
- the noup indentation refers to a trace remaining at a position where the noup indenter is released immediately after the noup indenter is pressed against the material to be measured (synthetic single crystal diamond in the present embodiment) at the above temperature and test load.
- indentations are made in the ⁇ 100> direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond under the conditions of a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. and a test load of 4.9 N in accordance with JIS Z 2251: 2009. Make (Noop indentation).
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment is characterized in that the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation is 0.08 or less, which is smaller than the original noup indenter ratio b'/ a'(0.141). It is one of. This is because the material to be measured (that is, synthetic single crystal diamond in this embodiment) behaves elastically, and the indentation is elastically restored (elastic recovery).
- FIG. 1 conceptually shows the indentation of Noup.
- the cross section of the noup indenter and the noup indentation have the same shape (the part displayed as the "original noup indentation" in FIG. 1).
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment is liable to be elastically deformed in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the noup indentation is a rhombus shown by the solid line in the figure. That is, the larger the return in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the smaller the value of the ratio b / a. The smaller the value of the ratio b / a, the greater the elastic deformability.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment has a large elastic deformability because the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation is 0.08 or less. The greater the elastic deformation, the higher the toughness, resulting in a tough synthetic single crystal diamond.
- the upper limit of the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation is 0.08 or less, and can be 0.075 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.065 or less, 0.06 or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation can be 0 or more and 0.08 or less, 0 or more and 0.075 or less, 0 or more and 0.7 or less, 0 or more and 0.065 or less, and 0 or more and 0.06 or less.
- the Knoop hardness in the ⁇ 100> direction (hereinafter, also referred to as “ ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness”) on the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond according to the present embodiment is preferably 100 GPa or more.
- ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Synthetic single crystal diamond having a Knoop hardness of 100 GPa or more has a higher hardness than natural diamond containing nitrogen and is excellent in wear resistance.
- the lower limit of ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of synthetic single crystal diamond can be 105 GP or more, 110 GPa or more, and 115 GPa or more.
- the upper limit of the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 150 GPa or less from the viewpoint of manufacturing.
- the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond can be 100 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less, 105 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less, 110 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less, and 115 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.
- the unit is GPa) of synthetic single crystal diamond will be described.
- indentations are made in the ⁇ 100> direction in the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of the synthetic single crystal diamond under the conditions of a temperature of 23 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. and a test load of 4.9 N in accordance with JIS Z 2251: 2009.
- the longer diagonal line a ( ⁇ m) of the obtained indentation is measured, and the Knoop hardness (HK) is calculated from the following formula A.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment has a crack generation load of 15 N or more in a fracture strength test in which a spherical diamond indenter having a tip radius (R) of 50 ⁇ m is pressed against the surface of the synthetic single crystal diamond at a load speed of 100 N / min. Is preferable.
- the crack generation load is 15 N or more, the synthetic single crystal diamond has excellent fracture strength and fracture resistance, and when used as a tool material, chipping of the cutting edge is unlikely to occur.
- the lower limit of the crack generation load of synthetic single crystal diamond can be 17N or more, 20N or more, 25N or more, and 30N or more.
- the upper limit of the crack generation load is not particularly limited, but from a manufacturing point of view, it is, for example, 50 N or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond can be 15N or more and 50N or less, 17N or more and 50N or less, 20N or more and 50N or less, 25N or more and 50N or less, and 30N or more and 50N or less.
- the specific method of the fracture strength test is as follows. A spherical diamond indenter with a tip radius (R) of 50 ⁇ m is pressed against the sample, a load is applied to the sample at a load rate of 100 N / min, and the load at the moment when a crack occurs in the sample (crack generation load) is measured. .. The moment when a crack occurs is measured by an AE sensor. The larger the crack generation load, the higher the strength of the sample and the better the fracture resistance.
- an indenter with a tip radius (R) smaller than 50 ⁇ m is used as the measuring indenter, the sample will be plastically deformed before cracks occur, and accurate strength against cracks cannot be measured.
- the load required to generate a crack increases, the contact area between the indenter and the sample increases, and the measurement accuracy is based on the surface accuracy of the sample.
- the influence on the sample and the influence of the crystal orientation of the single crystal become remarkable. Therefore, it is preferable to use an indenter having a tip radius (R) of 50 ⁇ m in the fracture strength test of synthetic single crystal diamond.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present embodiment includes cutting tools such as cutting tools for precision cutting and cutters for woodworking, dressers for grinding wheels, wire quoting dies, scribing tools, orifices for water jets, and abrasion resistant tools such as wire guides. It can be used for a wide range of tools.
- the method for producing a synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure is the method for producing a synthetic single crystal diamond according to the first embodiment, wherein the nitrogen atom has a concentration of 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less based on the number of atoms by a temperature difference method using a solvent metal.
- a third step of applying a pressure of 5 GPa or more and a temperature of 2300 ° C. or higher and 2600 ° C. or lower for 1 minute or more and 3600 minutes or less to the diamond single crystal to obtain a synthetic single crystal diamond is provided.
- the diamond single crystal can be produced, for example, by a temperature difference method using a sample chamber having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the insulator 2, the carbon source 3, the solvent metal 4, and the seed crystal 5 are arranged in the space surrounded by the graphite heater 7.
- a pressure medium 6 is arranged outside the graphite heater 7.
- a vertical temperature gradient is provided inside the sample chamber 10 , a carbon source 3 is arranged in a high temperature portion (T high), and a diamond seed crystal 5 is arranged in a low temperature portion (T low), and a carbon source 3 is provided.
- a diamond single crystal is placed on the seed crystal 5 by arranging the solvent metal 4 between the seed crystal 5 and the seed crystal 5 and keeping the conditions above the pressure at which the diamond becomes thermally stable at the temperature at which the solvent metal 4 melts or higher. It is a synthetic method for growing 1.
- diamond powder As the carbon source 3. Further, graphite (graphite) or pyrolytic carbon can also be used.
- the solvent metal 4 one or more metals selected from iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and the like, or alloys containing these metals can be used.
- nitrogen supply sources for example, iron nitride (Fe 2 N, Fe 3 N), aluminum nitride (AlN), phosphorus nitride (P 3 N 4 ), silicon nitride (Si 3 N) Nitride such as 4 ) and organic nitrogen compounds such as melamine and sodium azide can be added alone or as a mixture.
- nitrogen supply source diamond or graphite containing a large amount of nitrogen may be added. As a result, nitrogen atoms are contained in the synthesized diamond single crystal. At this time, the nitrogen atom in the diamond single crystal mainly exists as an isolated substitution type nitrogen atom.
- the content of the nitrogen supply source in the carbon source 3 or the solvent metal 4 is adjusted so that the concentration of nitrogen atoms in the synthesized diamond single crystal is 100 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less.
- the content of nitrogen atoms derived from the nitrogen supply source can be 200 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less.
- the solvent metal is an iron - cobalt - an alloy of nickel, nitrogen supply source in the case of Fe 3 N, the content of nitrogen source, 0.01% by mass 0.2 It can be mass% or less.
- the solvent metal 4 further includes titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), and ruthenium (Ru). ), Rodium (Rh), Hafnium (Hf), Tantal (Ta), Tungsten (W), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir) and Platinum (Pt). You may.
- the obtained diamond single crystal is irradiated with one or both of an electron beam and a particle beam that give energy of 100 MGy or more and 1000 MGy or less. As a result, lattice defects are introduced in the diamond single crystal and pores are formed.
- the amount of energy to be irradiated is less than 100 MGy, the introduction of lattice defects may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount of energy exceeds 1000 MGy, excessive pores may be generated and the crystallinity may be significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the amount of energy is preferably 100 MGy or more and 1000 MGy or less.
- a neutron beam or a proton beam can be used as the particle beam.
- the irradiation conditions are not particularly limited as long as the diamond single crystal can be given energy of 100 MGy or more and 1000 MGy or less.
- the irradiation energy can be 4.6 MeV or more and 4.8 MeV or less
- the current can be 2 mA or more and 5 mA or less
- the irradiation time can be 30 hours or more and 45 hours or less.
- the temperature of the third step is 2300 ° C. or higher, the movement of nitrogen atoms in the diamond single crystal is promoted, and one pore and any of two to four substitutions existing around the pore are replaced. The formation of aggregates consisting of type nitrogen atoms is promoted. If the temperature of the third step is less than 2300 ° C., it is difficult to form these aggregates.
- the upper limit of the temperature in the third step is preferably 2600 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of cost and productivity.
- the diamond single crystal when the diamond single crystal is heated to 2300 ° C. or higher under normal pressure, the diamond single crystal becomes graphitized.
- the present inventors have applied a temperature of 2300 ° C. or higher and 2600 ° C. or lower for 1 minute or more and 3600 minutes or less under a high pressure of 5 GPa or higher to prevent the diamond single crystal from graphitizing.
- the time for applying a temperature of 2300 ° C. or higher and 2600 ° C. or lower to a diamond single crystal under a high pressure of 5 GPa or higher is 1 minute or longer and 3600 minutes or lower.
- the time for applying the temperature of 2300 ° C. or higher and 2600 ° C. or lower to the diamond single crystal under a high pressure of 5 GPa or higher can be 60 minutes or longer and 360 minutes or shorter.
- the pressure at this time can be 5 GPa or more and 20 GPa or less.
- the second step and the third step can be repeated for two or more cycles, with the case where each is performed once as one cycle. This can promote the aggregation of isolated substituted nitrogen atoms in the diamond single crystal.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can include an agglomerate (B center (nitrogen 4-atom aggregation)) consisting of one pore and four nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the pore.
- B center nitrogen 4-atom aggregation
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can include an agglomerate (H3 center (nitrogen diatomic aggregation)) consisting of one pore and two nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the pore.
- H3 center nitrogen diatomic aggregation
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can include an agglomerate (N3 center (nitrogen triatomic agglomeration)) consisting of one vacancies and three nitrogen atoms existing adjacent to the vacancies.
- N3 center nitrogen triatomic agglomeration
- the synthetic single crystal diamonds of the present disclosure can include B-centers and H3 centers.
- the synthetic single crystal diamonds of the present disclosure can include B-centers and N3 centers.
- the synthetic single crystal diamonds of the present disclosure can include B-centers, H3 centers and N3 centers.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure preferably does not contain an isolated substituted nitrogen atom (C center). According to this, the hardness and fracture resistance of the synthetic single crystal diamond are further improved.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 100 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 100 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 200 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 200 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 200 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 300 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 300 ppm or more and 1400 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen atom concentration in the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 300 ppm or more and 1300 ppm or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 0 or more and 0.08 or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 0 or more and 0.075 or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 0 or more and 0.7 or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 0 or more and 0.065 or less.
- the diagonal ratio b / a of the noup indentation of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 0 or more and 0.06 or less.
- the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 100 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.
- the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 105 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.
- the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 110 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.
- the ⁇ 001 ⁇ ⁇ 100> Knoop hardness of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 115 GPa or more and 150 GPa or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 15 N or more and 50 N or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 17N or more and 50N or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 20 N or more and 50 N or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 25 N or more and 50 N or less.
- the crack generation load of the synthetic single crystal diamond of the present disclosure can be 30 N or more and 50 N or less.
- concentration of iron nitride in the solvent metal is shown in the "Iron nitride concentration in solvent metal (% by mass)" column of "Production conditions" in Table 1. For example, in sample 2, the concentration of iron nitride in the solvent metal is 0.02% by mass.
- the obtained diamond single crystal is irradiated with an electron beam.
- the irradiation conditions are an irradiation line energy of 4.6 MeV, a current of 2 mA, and an irradiation time of 30 hours. This is an irradiation condition that gives an energy of 100 MGy to a diamond single crystal.
- sample 1 For sample 1, a diamond single crystal is synthesized by the same first step as sample 2. In sample 1, the second step and the third step are not performed.
- Sample 3 synthesizes a diamond single crystal by the same first step as Sample 4. In sample 1, the second step and the third step are not performed.
- Fluorescence spectrum After the surface of the synthetic single crystal diamond / diamond single crystal of each sample is mirror-polished, the fluorescence spectrum is measured by irradiating with excitation light having a wavelength of 325 nm.
- the emission peak is present in one or both of (a) the fluorescence wavelength in the range of 415 ⁇ 2 nm and (b) the fluorescence wavelength in the range of 420 nm or more and 470 nm or less is defined as “Yes” by the N3 center.
- the N3 center considers it as “absent”. The results are shown in the "N3 center” column of the "fluorescence spectrum” of "synthetic single crystal diamond / diamond single crystal” in Table 2.
- the emission peak is present in one or both of (c) the fluorescence wavelength within the range of 503 ⁇ 2 nm and (d) the fluorescence wavelength within the range of 510 nm or more and 530 nm or less is defined as “Yes” by the H3 center.
- the H3 center considers it as “absent”. The results are shown in the "H3 center” column of the "fluorescence spectrum” of "synthetic single crystal diamond / diamond single crystal” in Table 2.
- the synthetic single crystal diamond containing the B'center (platelet) shows an absorption peak at a wave number of 1358 cm -1 or more and 1385 cm -1 or less in the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1370 cm -1 is smaller than the range (less than a wavenumber 1358cm -1 or higher wavenumber 1370 cm -1) is present, B 'Center (platelets) in the crystal aggregates is too large, it becomes a starting point of fracture Not preferred.
- Sample 1-8 there is no absorption peak below wavenumber 1358cm -1 or higher wavenumber 1370 cm -1.
- the absorbance values of wavenumber 1282cm -1 (A Center), the absorbance values of wavenumber 1175cm -1 (B Center), absorbance values of wave number 1130 cm -1 (C Center), calculates a wave number 1370 cm-1 or more 1385cm-1 below the peak of the absorbance values, wavenumber 1358cm-1 or more wave number 1370 cm-1 less than the value of the absorbance peak.
- I (1175) / I (2160) the value of I (1175) / I (2160) is larger in the sample 3 with the B center “without” than in the sample 2 with the B center “with”. This is because the sample 3 has a large amount of nitrogen in the C center, so that the absorption at the wave number of 1175 cm -1 derived from the shoulder of the absorption spectrum of the C center is strong, and it does not indicate that the sample 3 contains the B center. No.
- I (1130) / I (2160) the values of I (1130) / I (2160) are larger in the samples 4 to 8 with the C center “without” than in the sample 1 with the C center “with”. .. This is because Samples 4 to 8 have a large amount of nitrogen in the A center and the B center, so that the absorption at the wave number of 1130 cm-1 derived from the shoulder of the absorption spectrum of the A center and the B center is strong, and the samples 4 to 8 are absorbed. It does not indicate that sample 8 contains a C center.
- Sample 2 and Samples 4 to 8 correspond to Examples.
- Sample 1 and Sample 3 correspond to Comparative Examples.
- Sample 2 and Sample 4 to Sample 8 (Example) have higher hardness, higher elastic deformability, and excellent fracture resistance than Sample 1 and Sample 3 (Comparative Example). It is confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、前記空孔に隣接して存在する2つから4つのいずれかの窒素原子と、からなる凝集体を含み、
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<110>方向のヌープ圧痕の対角線の長い方の対角線の長さaに対する短い方の対角線の長さbの比b/aは0.08以下であり、
前記ヌープ圧痕は、前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面内の<100>方向のヌープ硬度をJIS Z 2251:2009に準拠して、温度23℃±5℃、及び、試験荷重4.9Nの条件で測定して形成される、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドである。
溶媒金属を用いた温度差法により、窒素原子を原子数基準で100ppm以上1500ppm以下の濃度で含むダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する第1工程と、
前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に、100MGy以上1000MGy以下のエネルギーを与える電子線及び粒子線の一方又は両方を照射する第2工程と、
前記第2工程後の前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、5GPa以上の圧力、及び、2300℃以上2600℃以下の温度を1分以上3600分以下加え、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドを得る第3工程と、を備える、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法である。
近年の工具の長寿命化の要求から、更に耐摩耗性及び耐欠損性に優れた合成単結晶ダイヤモンドが求められている。
[本開示の効果]
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。
(1)本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、100ppm以上1500ppm以下の窒素原子を含む合成単結晶ダイヤモンドであって、
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、前記空孔に隣接して存在する2つから4つのいずれかの窒素原子と、からなる凝集体を含み、
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<110>方向のヌープ圧痕の対角線の長い方の対角線の長さaに対する短い方の対角線の長さbの比b/aは0.08以下であり、
前記ヌープ圧痕は、前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面内の<100>方向のヌープ硬度をJIS Z 2251:2009に準拠して、温度23℃±5℃、及び、試験荷重4.9Nの条件で測定して形成される、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドである。
上記の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法であって、
溶媒金属を用いた温度差法により、窒素原子を原子数基準で100ppm以上1500ppm以下の濃度で含むダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する第1工程と、
前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に、100MGy以上1000MGy以下のエネルギーを与える電子線及び粒子線の一方又は両方を照射する第2工程と、
前記第2工程後の前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、5GPa以上の圧力、及び、2300℃以上2600℃以下の温度を1分以上3600分以下加え、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドを得る第3工程と、を備える、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法である。
<ダイヤモンド結晶中の窒素原子の存在形態>
まず、本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの理解を深めるために、ダイヤモンドの性能を決める主な要因の一つである、結晶中の不純物として存在する窒素原子について説明する。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、100ppm以上1500ppm以下の窒素原子を含む合成単結晶ダイヤモンドであって、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する2つから4つのいずれかの窒素原子と、からなる凝集体を含み、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<110>方向のヌープ圧痕の対角線の長い方の対角線の長さaに対する短い方の対角線の長さbの比b/aは0.08以下であり、該ヌープ圧痕は、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面内の<100>方向のヌープ硬度をJIS Z 2251:2009に準拠して、温度23℃±5℃、及び、試験荷重4.9Nの条件で測定して形成される、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドである。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、窒素原子を原子数基準で100ppm以上1500ppm以下の濃度(以下、「窒素原子濃度」とも記す。)で含む。窒素原子濃度が100ppm以上であると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子が、凝集型窒素原子を形成しやすい。窒素原子濃度が1500ppm以下であると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは高い硬度及び優れた耐欠損性を有することができる。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する2つから4つのいずれかの窒素原子と、からなる凝集体を含む。1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する2つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体としては、H3センター(窒素2原子凝集)が挙げられる。1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する3つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体としては、N3センター(窒素3原子凝集)が挙げられる。1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する4つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体としては、Bセンター(窒素4原子凝集)が挙げられる。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する4つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(Bセンター(窒素4原子凝集))を含むことが好ましい。合成単結晶ダイヤモンドがBセンターを含むことは、フーリエ変換赤外分光法で測定した赤外吸収スペクトルにより確認することができる。具体的には、該赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1175cm-1付近(例えば、波数1175±2cm-1)に吸収ピークが存在する場合、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドはBセンターを含むと判断される。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する2つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(H3センター(窒素2原子凝集))を含むことが好ましい。合成単結晶ダイヤモンドがH3センターを含むことは、波長325nmの励起光を照射して得られる蛍光スペクトルにより確認することができる。具体的には、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドに波長325nmの励起光を照射して得られる蛍光スペクトルにおいて、蛍光波長503±2nmの範囲内、及び、蛍光波長510nm以上530nm以下の範囲内の一方又は両方に発光ピークが存在する場合、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドはH3センターを含むと判断される。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する3つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(N3センター(窒素3原子凝集))を含むことが好ましい。合成単結晶ダイヤモンドがN3センターを含むことは、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドに波長325nmの励起光を照射して得られる蛍光スペクトルにより確認することができる。具体的には、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドに波長325nmの励起光を照射して得られる蛍光スペクトルにおいて、蛍光波長415±2nmの範囲内、及び、蛍光波長420nm以上470nm以下の範囲内の一方又は両方に発光ピークが存在する場合、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドはN3センターを含むと判断される。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、Aセンター(窒素2原子ペア)を含むことが好ましい。合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中のAセンターは、クラックの伝播を抑制することができる。したがって、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、優れた耐欠損性を有することができる。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、その赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1370cm-1以上1385cm-1以下の範囲内に吸収ピークが存在することが好ましい。該吸収ピークは、合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中のB’センター(プレートレット)に由来する。
H3センター、N3センター、Bセンター及びB’センター以外の凝集型窒素原子は、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの機械特性に大きな影響を及ぼさない。従って、本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、H3センター、N3センター、Bセンター及びB’センター以外の凝集型窒素原子を含んでいても良い。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、孤立置換型窒素原子(Cセンター)を含まないことが好ましい。これによると、本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、高い硬度及び優れた耐欠損性を有することができる。
ダイヤモンド結晶中にCセンター、Aセンター、Bセンター、B’センター(プレートレット)が存在すると、該ダイヤモンド結晶のフーリエ変換赤外分光法で測定した赤外吸収スペクトルでは、各センターに由来する吸収ピークが観察される。各センターの波形は重なっているため、各波数での強度値のみからは、各センターの有無や量を特定することはできない。一方、各波数の強度の相対比較から、各センターのおよその波形を考慮することにより、各センターの有無の決定、および各センターの含有比率の定性的評価が可能である。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<110>方向のヌープ圧痕の対角線の長い方の対角線の長さaに対する短い方の対角線の長さbの比b/aは0.08以下であり、該ヌープ圧痕は、該合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面内の<100>方向のヌープ硬度をJIS Z 2251:2009に準拠して、温度23℃±5℃、及び、試験荷重4.9Nの条件で測定して形成される。
本実施形態に係る合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<100>方向のヌープ硬度(以下、「{001}<100>ヌープ硬度」とも記す。)は100GPa以上が好ましい。{001}<100>ヌープ硬度が100GPa以上である合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、窒素を含む天然ダイヤモンドよりも硬度が高く、耐摩耗性が優れている。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの表面に先端半径(R)が50μmの球状のダイヤモンド圧子を100N/minの負荷速度で押し当てる破壊強度試験において、亀裂発生荷重が15N以上であることが好ましい。亀裂発生荷重が15N以上であると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、優れた破壊強度及び耐欠損性を有し、工具材料として用いた場合に、刃先の欠損が生じにくい。
本実施形態の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、精密切削加工用バイトや木工用カッター等の切削工具、研削砥石用ドレッサー、線引用ダイス、スクライブツール、ウォタージェット用オリフィス、ワイヤーガイド等の耐摩工具の他、幅広い用途の工具に用いることができる。
実施形態1の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法の一例について、以下に説明する。なお、実施形態1の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、以下の製造方法により作製されたものに限定されず、他の製造方法によって作製されたものであってもよい。
ダイヤモンド単結晶は、例えば、図2に示される構成を有する試料室を用いて、温度差法で作製することができる。
次に、得られたダイヤモンド単結晶に、100MGy以上1000MGy以下のエネルギーを与える電子線及び粒子線のいずれか一方又は両方を照射する。これにより、ダイヤモンド単結晶内に格子欠陥が導入され、空孔が形成される。
次に、第2工程後のダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、5GPa以上の圧力、及び、2300℃以上2600℃以下の温度を1分以上3600分以下加え、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドを得る。これにより、ダイヤモンド単結晶内の孤立置換型窒素原子が、空孔を介して移動して凝集し、凝集型窒素原子となる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する4つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(Bセンター(窒素4原子凝集))を含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する2つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(H3センター(窒素2原子凝集))を含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、該空孔に隣接して存在する3つの窒素原子とからなる凝集体(N3センター(窒素3原子凝集))を含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、Bセンター及びH3センターを含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、Bセンター及びN3センターを含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、Bセンター、H3センター及びN3センターを含むことができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、孤立置換型窒素原子(Cセンター)を含まないことが好ましい。これによると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの硬度及び耐欠損性が更に向上する。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1130±2cm-1の範囲内に、Cセンターによる吸収ピークが存在しないことが好ましい。これによると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの硬度及び耐欠損性が更に向上する。なお、波数1130±2cm-1の範囲内にはAセンターやBセンターによる吸収も存在する。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1358cm-1以上波数1370cm-1未満の範囲内に吸収ピークが存在しないことが好ましい。これによると、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの硬度及び耐欠損性が更に向上する。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は100ppm以上1400ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は100ppm以上1300ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は200ppm以上1500ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は200ppm以上1400ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は200ppm以上1300ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は300ppm以上1500ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は300ppm以上1400ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド中の窒素原子濃度は300ppm以上1300ppm以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドのヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aは、0以上0.08以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドのヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aは、0以上0.075以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドのヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aは、0以上0.7以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドのヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aは、0以上0.065以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドのヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aは、0以上0.06以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}<100>ヌープ硬度は、100GPa以上150GPa以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}<100>ヌープ硬度は、105GPa以上150GPa以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}<100>ヌープ硬度は、110GPa以上150GPa以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}<100>ヌープ硬度は、115GPa以上150GPa以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの亀裂発生荷重は、15N以上50N以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの亀裂発生荷重は、17N以上50N以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの亀裂発生荷重は、20N以上50N以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの亀裂発生荷重は、25N以上50N以下とすることができる。
本開示の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの亀裂発生荷重は、30N以上50N以下とすることができる。
<試料2、試料4~試料8>
(第1工程)
図2に示される構成を有する試料室を用いて、溶媒金属を用いた温度差法により、ダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する。
次に、得られたダイヤモンド単結晶に電子線を照射する。照射条件は、照射線エネルギー4.6MeV、電流2mA、照射時間30時間とする。これは、ダイヤモンド単結晶に100MGyのエネルギーを与える照射条件である。
次に、電子線照射後のダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、6GPa以上の高圧下(表1において「高圧」と記載)で、表1の「製造条件」の「第3工程(60分)」欄に記載の温度を60分加え、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドを得る。例えば、試料2では、ダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、6GPa以上(高圧)の圧力、及び、2350℃の温度を60分加える。
試料1は試料2と同一の第1工程により、ダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する。試料1では、第2工程及び第3工程を行わない。
試料3は試料4と同一の第1工程により、ダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する。試料1では、第2工程及び第3工程を行わない。
試料2及び試料4~試料8の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド、及び、試料1及び試料3のダイヤモンド単結晶(以下「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」とも記す。)について、窒素濃度の測定、蛍光スペクトルの測定、赤外分光分析、{001}<100>ヌープ硬度の測定、ヌープ圧痕の対角線の比b/aの測定、及び、破壊強度試験を行う。
各試料の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶中の窒素原子濃度をSIMS分析により求める。結果を表2の「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」の「窒素原子濃度(ppm)」欄に示す。
各試料の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶の表面を鏡面研磨した後、波長325nmの励起光を照射して蛍光スペクトルを測定する。
(a)蛍光波長415±2nmの範囲内
(b)蛍光波長420nm以上470nm以下の範囲内
(c)蛍光波長503±2nmの範囲内
(d)蛍光波長510nm以上530nm以下の範囲内
結果を表2の「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」の「蛍光スペクトル」の「415±2nm範囲内の発光ピーク」、「420-470nmサブバンド」、「503±2nm範囲内の発光ピーク」、「510-530nmサブバンド」欄に示す。
各試料の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶を厚み1mm程度の板状に加工し、光を透過させる2面を鏡面に研磨した後、フーリエ変換赤外分光光法により、赤外領域での吸光度測定を行い、赤外吸収スペクトルを作成する。
各試料の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶の{001}面内の<100>方向に、荷重4.9Nで圧痕をつける。得られたヌープ圧痕の長い方の対角線の長さa(μm)を測定し、下記式Aによりヌープ硬度(HK)を算出する。具体的な測定方法は実施形態1に記載されているため、その説明は繰り返さない。結果を表2の「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」の「{001}<100>ヌープ硬度」欄に示す。
HK=14229×4.9/a2 式A
上記のヌープ硬度の測定により得られたヌープ圧痕について、長い方の対角線の長さaと、短い方の対角線の長さbとを測定し、比b/aを算出する。結果を表2の「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」の「b/a{001}<110>」欄に示す。比b/aの値が小さいほど、弾性変形性が大きいことを示す。
R50μmの球状のダイヤモンド圧子を準備し、室温(23℃)で、100N/minの負荷速度で各試料の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶に荷重をかけていき、試料に亀裂が発生した瞬間の荷重(亀裂発生荷重)を測定する。具体的な測定方法は実施形態1に記載されているため、その説明は繰り返さない。亀裂発生荷重が大きいほど、試料の強度が高く、耐欠損性が優れていることを示す。結果を表2の「合成単結晶ダイヤモンド/ダイヤモンド単結晶」の「亀裂発生荷重」欄に示す。
試料2及び試料4~試料8は実施例に該当する。試料1及び試料3は比較例に該当する。試料2及び試料4~試料8(実施例)は、試料1及び試料3(比較例)に比べて、高い硬度を有し、弾性変形性が大きく、かつ、耐欠損性に優れていることが確認される。
今回開示された実施の形態および実施例はすべての点で例示であって、制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した実施の形態および実施例ではなく請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味、および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
Claims (9)
- 100ppm以上1500ppm以下の窒素原子を含む合成単結晶ダイヤモンドであって、
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドは、1つの空孔と、前記空孔に隣接して存在する2つから4つのいずれかの窒素原子と、からなる凝集体を含み、
前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<110>方向のヌープ圧痕の対角線の長い方の対角線の長さaに対する短い方の対角線の長さbの比b/aは0.08以下であり、
前記ヌープ圧痕は、前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面内の<100>方向のヌープ硬度をJIS Z 2251:2009に準拠して、温度23℃±5℃、及び、試験荷重4.9Nの条件で測定して形成される、合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。 - 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1175±2cm-1の範囲内に吸収ピークが存在する、請求項1に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの蛍光スペクトルにおいて、蛍光波長503±2nmの範囲内、及び、蛍光波長510nm以上530nm以下の範囲内の一方又は両方に発光ピークが存在する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの蛍光スペクトルにおいて、蛍光波長415±2nmの範囲内、及び、蛍光波長420nm以上470nm以下の範囲内の一方又は両方に発光ピークが存在する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1282±2cm-1の範囲内に吸収ピークが存在する、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数1370cm-1以上1385cm-1以下の範囲内に吸収ピークが存在する、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの{001}面における<100>方向のヌープ硬度は100GPa以上である、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 前記合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの表面に先端半径が50μmの球状のダイヤモンド圧子を100N/minの負荷速度で押し当てる破壊強度試験において、亀裂発生荷重が17N以上である、請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンド。
- 請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法であって、
溶媒金属を用いた温度差法により、窒素原子を原子数基準で100ppm以上1500ppm以下の濃度で含むダイヤモンド単結晶を合成する第1工程と、
前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に、100MGy以上1000MGy以下のエネルギーを与える電子線及び粒子線の一方又は両方を照射する第2工程と、
前記第2工程後の前記ダイヤモンド単結晶に対して、5GPa以上の圧力、及び、2300℃以上2600℃以下の温度を1分以上3600分以下加え、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドを得る第3工程と、を備える、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法。
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2021/018371 Ceased WO2022004149A1 (ja) | 2020-06-30 | 2021-05-14 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
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| US (1) | US12606931B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4174223A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7722370B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN115698392B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202212652A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2022004149A1 (ja) |
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| WO2022264706A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-22 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド及びその製造方法 |
| TWI840846B (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-05-01 | 宋健民 | 一種單晶鑽石晶圓及單晶鑽石的製造方法 |
| CN118147748B (zh) * | 2024-05-11 | 2024-07-19 | 山东天岳先进科技股份有限公司 | 一种大尺寸金刚石的拼接生长方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0218980A (ja) * | 1988-07-07 | 1990-01-23 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ダイヤモンドレーザ素子の作製方法 |
| JPH0288498A (ja) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-03-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ダイヤモンドレーザ結晶およびその作製方法 |
| WO2019077888A1 (ja) | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド、工具、及び、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法 |
| WO2019077844A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド |
| JP2020113054A (ja) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202015009584U1 (de) | 2014-05-08 | 2018-06-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Polykristalliner Diamantkörper, Schneidwerkzeug, verschleißfestes Werkzeug und Schleifwerkzeug |
| JP7517347B2 (ja) | 2019-11-26 | 2024-07-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド、それを備える工具、及び、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-05-14 JP JP2022533716A patent/JP7722370B2/ja active Active
- 2021-05-14 CN CN202180039794.0A patent/CN115698392B/zh active Active
- 2021-05-14 WO PCT/JP2021/018371 patent/WO2022004149A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-05-14 US US18/009,726 patent/US12606931B2/en active Active
- 2021-05-14 EP EP21833853.1A patent/EP4174223A4/en active Pending
- 2021-06-29 TW TW110123876A patent/TW202212652A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0288498A (ja) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-03-28 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ダイヤモンドレーザ結晶およびその作製方法 |
| JPH0218980A (ja) * | 1988-07-07 | 1990-01-23 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ダイヤモンドレーザ素子の作製方法 |
| WO2019077888A1 (ja) | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド、工具、及び、合成単結晶ダイヤモンドの製造方法 |
| WO2019077844A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 合成単結晶ダイヤモンド |
| JP2020113054A (ja) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-27 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4174223A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115698392B (zh) | 2026-01-23 |
| EP4174223A4 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
| EP4174223A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| US12606931B2 (en) | 2026-04-21 |
| JP7722370B2 (ja) | 2025-08-13 |
| US20230220584A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
| TW202212652A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
| CN115698392A (zh) | 2023-02-03 |
| JPWO2022004149A1 (ja) | 2022-01-06 |
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