WO2022004696A1 - 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、それを含む電極活物質、該電極活物質を含む二次電池用電極、該電極の製造方法及び該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、それを含む電極活物質、該電極活物質を含む二次電池用電極、該電極の製造方法及び該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/42—Nitriles
- C08F20/44—Acrylonitrile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/42—Nitriles
- C08F120/44—Acrylonitrile
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1399—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on electro-active polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, an electrode active material containing the same, an electrode for a secondary battery containing the electrode active material, a method for manufacturing the electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the electrode.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium-ion secondary batteries are small and lightweight, have high energy density, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Widely used as a power source.
- electric vehicles using non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and hybrid vehicles using electric power as a part of power are being put into practical use. Therefore, in recent years, further improvement in the performance of the secondary battery is required.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries depend on their constituent electrodes, separators, electrolytes, etc., and research and development of each constituent is being actively carried out.
- electrode active materials are important together with binders, current collectors, etc., and research and development of electrode active materials are being actively carried out.
- Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile obtained by heat-treating a mixture of polyacrylonitrile and sulfur in a non-oxidizing atmosphere has a large charge / discharge capacity, and the charge / discharge capacity decreases with repeated charge / discharge (hereinafter, cycle characteristics). It is known as an electrode active material having a small amount (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 to 3). Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile has been studied mainly as an electrode active material for a positive electrode, but has also been studied as an electrode active material for a negative electrode (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are required to have further improved battery characteristics, and electrode active materials are also required to have higher performance.
- electrode active materials are also required to have higher performance.
- Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is known as an electrode active material that can obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with little spontaneous discharge at room temperature and excellent power storage characteristics, but its power storage characteristics at high temperatures are insufficient.
- the present invention is a sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in which the total content of sulfur is 30% by mass to 55% by mass and the content of free sulfur by the solvent extraction method is 0.05% by mass to 4% by mass.
- sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is a compound obtained by heat-treating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the polyacrylonitrile may be a homopolymer of acrylonitrile. It may also be a copolymer of acrylonitrile and another monomer.
- the content of acrylonitrile in the copolymer is preferably at least 90% by mass or more.
- examples of other monomers include acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, N-vinylformamide, and N-N'methylenebis (acrylamide).
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention is characterized in that the total content of sulfur is 30% by mass to 55% by mass, and the content of free sulfur by the solvent extraction method is 0.05% by mass to 4% by mass. If the total sulfur content is less than 30% by mass, a large charge / discharge capacity cannot be obtained, and if it is more than 55% by mass, excellent cycle characteristics may not be obtained.
- the total sulfur content of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention is preferably 30% by mass to 45% by mass, more preferably 35% by mass to 40% by mass.
- the sulfur content of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile can be calculated from the analysis results using a CHN analyzer capable of analyzing sulfur and oxygen.
- Free sulfur is elemental sulfur contained in sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile.
- the content of free sulfur by the solvent extraction method is preferably 0.05 mass ppm to 500 mass ppm, more preferably 0.07 mass ppm to 300 mass ppm, and most preferably 0.1 mass ppm to 200 mass ppm.
- the solvent extraction method is a method of extracting free sulfur in sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile with a solvent and quantifying it.
- the extraction means may be an immersion extraction method in which sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile is repeatedly immersed in a solvent and separated from the extract by filtration or the like, or a continuous extraction method using a Soxhlet extractor or the like (for example, JIS K6234 (rubber-free)). Quantification of sulfur), ISO7269 (Rubber-Determination of freesulfur)) may be used.
- the solvent used for extraction is not particularly limited as long as it can extract free sulfur from sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, does not react with elemental sulfur, and does not elute impurities.
- the extraction solvent examples include hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide and the like, and methanol and ethanol are preferable because the elution of impurities is small.
- the elemental sulfur after extraction can be quantified by the absorptiometry, and the measurement wavelength may be 264 nm, which is the maximum absorption of sulfur.
- the extraction method and the quantification method may be other methods as long as the accuracy comparable to the above method can be guaranteed.
- the particle size of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m in average particle size.
- the particle diameter is a volume-based diameter, and the laser diffracted light scattering method measures the diameter of secondary particles.
- the average particle size refers to a 50% particle size (D50) measured by a laser diffracted light scattering method. It takes a lot of labor to make the average particle size of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, but further improvement in battery performance cannot be expected. If it is larger than 50 ⁇ m, the electrode mixture layer may be peeled off. It may be more likely to occur.
- the average particle size of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, further preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention preferably has a mass reduction rate of 0.2% by mass to 15% by mass at 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. by thermogravimetric analysis.
- the heating start temperature is set to 100 ° C. or lower, and the heating rate is set to a constant rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile has a partial structure represented by the following formulas (1) and (2), and the polysulfide structure of the formula (1) desorbs sulfur by heating and the disulfide of the formula (2). It is considered that the mass loss of 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. by the thermal gravimetric analysis method is derived from this desorbed sulfur.
- n an integer of 1 or more.
- Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile has a larger charge / discharge capacity when it has a larger partial structure represented by the formula (1), but the heating mass reduction rate at 150 ° C to 350 ° C by thermogravimetric analysis is larger than 15% by mass. In that case, the power storage characteristics may deteriorate. If it is less than 0.2% by mass, the charge / discharge capacity may decrease.
- the mass reduction rate of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile at 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. by thermogravimetric analysis is more preferably 0.25% by mass to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.3% by mass to 1.7% by mass. It is more preferable, and 0.5% by mass to 1.5% by mass is most preferable.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention is obtained by a production method having a heat treatment step of heat-treating polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur.
- the mixing ratio of polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur is preferably 100 parts by mass to 1500 parts by mass, and more preferably 150 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of polyacrylonitrile.
- Polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur are preferably powders because the sulfur modification becomes uniform. If the particle size of polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur is too small, it takes a lot of effort to reduce the particle size, and if it is too large, sulfur modification is insufficient. Therefore, the particle size of polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur is average.
- the particle size is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur may be heat-treated as they are, but since the sulfur denaturation becomes uniform, the polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur may be mixed in advance and then heat-treated before the heat treatment step. ..
- the temperature of the heat treatment between polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur is preferably 250 ° C to 550 ° C, more preferably 350 ° C to 450 ° C. Further, it is preferable to heat while mixing polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur or an intermediate of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile and sulfur so that sulfur modification becomes uniform.
- the heat treatment is performed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an atmosphere in which the oxygen concentration in the gas phase is 5% by volume or less, preferably 2% by volume or less, and more preferably substantially no oxygen, for example, an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, or argon. , Sulfur gas atmosphere can be created.
- hydrogen sulfide generated by heat treatment is discharged to the outside of the heating container.
- an inert gas may be introduced into the heating container and hydrogen sulfide may be discharged together with the inert gas.
- sulfur vapor flows out together with hydrogen sulfide the reaction ratio between polyacrylonitrile and elemental sulfur changes. ..
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile obtained by heat treatment contains free sulfur and is heated to remove free sulfur.
- the heating temperature is low, it takes a long time to remove free sulfur, and when it is too high, the removal cost is high. Therefore, 260 to 600 ° C. is preferable, 300 to 550 ° C. is more preferable, and 350 to 500 ° C. is more preferable. Is more preferable.
- the heating for removing free sulfur is preferably carried out under an inert gas stream or under reduced pressure conditions, and more preferably under reduced pressure conditions.
- the pressure when the pressure is reduced is preferably 100 hPa or less, more preferably 50 hPa or less, and most preferably 25 hPa or less.
- the pressure is 20 hPa for 10 hours or more at 260 ° C.; the pressure at 300 ° C. Is 20 hPa for 1 hour or longer; at 350 ° C., the pressure is preferably 20 hPa and the pressure is reduced for 0.5 to 15 hours.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention has a large charge / discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics as an electrode active material, and can be suitably used as an electrode active material for an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a slurry prepared by adding the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention, a binder and a conductive auxiliary agent to a solvent is applied onto a current collector and dried to form an electrode mixture layer to form an electrode.
- the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention may be used alone as an electrode active material or may be used in combination with other sulfur-based active materials.
- a known binder can be used as the binder for the electrodes.
- a water-based binder is preferable because it has a low environmental load and is excellent in binding properties, and styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid are particularly preferable. Only one type of binder can be used, and two or more types can be used in combination.
- the content of the binder in the slurry is preferably 1 part by mass to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention.
- a known conductive auxiliary agent for the electrode can be used, and specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, Ketjen black, acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, etc.
- Carbon materials such as thermal black, carbon nanotubes, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), graphene, fullerene, needle coke; metal powders such as aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium powder; zinc oxide, titanium oxide, etc.
- the average particle size of the conductive auxiliary agent is preferably 0.0001 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary agent in the slurry is usually 0.1 part by mass to 50 parts by mass, preferably 1 part by mass to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention. It is 20 parts by mass by mass.
- Examples of the solvent for preparing the slurry include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and the like.
- Examples thereof include propylamine, polyethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, water, alcohol and the like.
- the amount of the solvent used can be adjusted according to the method of applying the slurry.
- the solvent is used with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, the binder and the conductive auxiliary agent. Is preferably 20 parts by mass to 300 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass.
- the slurry may contain other components in addition to this.
- other components include viscosity modifiers, reinforcing materials, antioxidants and the like.
- the method for preparing the slurry is not particularly limited, but for example, a normal ball mill, sand mill, bead mill, pigment disperser, grinder, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, rotation / revolution mixer, planetary mixer, fill mix, etc.
- a method of using a jet pacer or the like can be mentioned.
- conductive materials such as titanium, titanium alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, stainless steel, and nickel-plated steel are used.
- the surface of these conductive materials may be coated with carbon.
- the shape of the current collector include a foil shape, a plate shape, a mesh shape, and the like.
- aluminum is preferable from the viewpoint of conductivity and price, and the shape is preferably foil-like.
- the thickness of the foil in the form of a foil is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the method of applying the slurry to the current collector is not particularly limited, and is the die coater method, the comma coater method, the curtain coater method, the spray coater method, the gravure coater method, the flexo coater method, the knife coater method, the doctor blade method, and the reverse roll.
- Each method such as a method, a brush coating method, and a dip method can be used.
- the die coater method, the doctor blade method, and the knife coater method are preferable because it is possible to obtain a good surface condition of the coating layer according to the physical properties such as the viscosity of the slurry and the drying property.
- the slurry may be applied to one side or both sides of the current collector, and when it is applied to both sides of the current collector, it can be applied sequentially on one side at a time, and can be applied on both sides at the same time. Further, it can be continuously applied to the surface of the current collector, or can be applied intermittently, and can be applied in a striped shape.
- the thickness, length and width of the coating layer can be appropriately determined according to the size of the battery.
- the method for drying the slurry applied on the current collector is not particularly limited, and is dried by warm air, hot air, low humidity air, vacuum drying, standing in a heating furnace, far infrared rays, infrared rays, electron beams, etc. Each method such as irradiation of can be used. By this drying, volatile components such as a solvent are volatilized from the coating film of the slurry, and an electrode mixture layer is formed on the current collector. After that, the electrodes may be pressed if necessary. Examples of the press processing method include a die pressing method and a roll pressing method.
- the electrode of the present invention has the same configuration as a known electrode. Specifically, it includes a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector.
- the electrode mixture layer contains the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention.
- the electrode of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be used for a non-aqueous secondary battery provided with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be any of a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, a solid electrolyte and the like.
- the electrode of the present invention can be preferably used with a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the electrode of the present invention can be used as a positive electrode and can also be used as a negative electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is generally composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a separator.
- an electrode having a known negative electrode active material may be used as the negative electrode
- an electrode having a known positive electrode active material may be used as the positive electrode. ..
- the negative electrode when the electrode of the present invention is used as a positive electrode is referred to as a counter electrode
- the positive electrode when the electrode is used as a negative electrode is referred to as a counter electrode.
- Known negative electrode active materials include, for example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, easily graphitized carbon, lithium, lithium alloy, silicon, silicon alloy, silicon oxide, tin, tin alloy, tin oxide, phosphorus, germanium. , Indium, copper oxide, antimony sulfide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, lead oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, LiVO 2 , Li 2 VO 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 composite oxides such as O 12 and the like. Only one kind of these negative electrode active materials can be used, and two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- Examples of known positive electrode active materials include lithium transition metal composite oxides, lithium-containing transition metal phosphoric acid compounds, lithium-containing silicate compounds, and the like.
- the transition metal of the lithium transition metal composite oxide vanadium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and the like are preferable.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide include lithium cobalt composite oxides such as LiCoO 2 , lithium nickel composite oxides such as LiNiO 2 , and lithium manganese composite oxides such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and Li 2 MnO 3.
- Some of the transition metal atoms that are the main constituents of these lithium transition metal composite oxides are aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, lithium, nickel, copper, zinc, magnesium, gallium, zirconium, etc. Examples thereof include those substituted with other metals.
- lithium transition metal composite oxide obtained by substituting a part of the main transition metal atom with another metal include Li 1.1 Mn 1.8 Mg 0.1 O 4 , Li 1.1 Mn 1.85 Al 0.05 O 4 , and LiNi.
- Li 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , LiNi 0.80 Co 0.17 Al 0.03 O 2 , LiNi 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , Li (Ni 1/3 Co 1) / 3 Mn 1/3 ) O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2, LiMn 1.8 Al 0.2 O 4 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 -LiMO 2 (M Co, Ni, Mn), etc. Can be mentioned.
- the transition metal of the lithium-containing transition metal phosphoric acid compound is preferably vanadium, titanium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or the like, and specific examples thereof include LiFePO 4 , LiMn x Fe 1-x PO 4 (0 ⁇ . Iron phosphate compounds such as x ⁇ 1), iron sulfate compounds such as LiFeSO 4 F, cobalt phosphate compounds such as LiCoPO 4 , and some of the transition metal atoms that are the main constituents of these lithium transition metal phosphate compounds.
- lithium-containing silicate compound examples include Li 2 FeSiO 4 and the like. Only one kind of these positive electrode active materials can be used, and two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- the counter electrode can be produced by replacing the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention described above with the known negative electrode active material or the known positive electrode active material.
- non-aqueous electrolyte examples include a liquid electrolyte obtained by dissolving the supporting electrolyte in an organic solvent, a polymer gel electrolyte obtained by dissolving the supporting electrolyte in an organic solvent and gelling with a polymer, and a supporting electrolyte that does not contain an organic solvent.
- examples thereof include a genuine polymer electrolyte dispersed in a polymer and an inorganic solid electrolyte.
- lithium salts for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiN (CF 3).
- Supporting electrolytes used for the genuine polymer electrolyte include, for example, LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Examples thereof include LiB (CF 3 SO 3 ) 4 and LiB (C 2 O 4 ) 2 .
- Lithium and nitrogen-containing compounds La 0.55 Li 0.35 TiO 3, etc.
- Crystal with a perovskite structure having lithium ion conductivity Crystal with a garnet-type structure such as Li 7- La 3 Zr 2 O 13 ; Glass such as 50Li 4 SiO 4 ⁇ 50Li 3 BO 3 ; Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 lithium phosphorus sulfide-based crystals such as, 30Li 2 S ⁇ 26B 2 S 3 ⁇ 44LiI, 63Li 2 S ⁇ 36SiS 2 ⁇ 1Li 3 PO 4, 57Li 2 S ⁇ 38SiS 2 ⁇ Examples thereof include lithium-phosphorus sulfide-based glass such as 5Li 4 SiO 4 , 70Li 2 S / 50GeS 2 , 50Li 2 S / 50GeS 2 , and glass ceramics such as Li 7 P 3 S 11 and Li 3.25 P 0.95 S 4.
- organic solvent used for the preparation of the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte used in the present invention one or a combination of two or more of those usually used for the liquid non-aqueous electrolyte can be used.
- Specific examples thereof include saturated cyclic carbonate compounds, saturated cyclic ester compounds, sulfoxide compounds, sulfone compounds, amide compounds, saturated chain carbonate compounds, chain ether compounds, cyclic ether compounds, saturated chain ester compounds and the like. ..
- the saturated cyclic carbonate compound, the saturated cyclic ester compound, the sulfoxide compound, the sulfone compound and the amide compound play a role of increasing the dielectric constant of the non-aqueous electrolyte because of their high relative dielectric constant, and particularly the saturated cyclic carbonate compound. Is preferable.
- saturated cyclic carbonate compound examples include ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, 1,3-propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 1,3-butylene carbonate, 1,1-dimethylethylene carbonate and the like. Be done.
- Examples of the saturated cyclic ester compound include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, and ⁇ -octanolactone.
- Examples of the sulfoxide compound include dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfoxide, dipropyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfoxide, thiophene and the like.
- sulfone compound examples include dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, dipropyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane (also referred to as tetramethylene sulfone), 3-methyl sulfolane, 3,4-dimethyl sulfolane, and 3,4-diphenylmethyl sulfolane.
- Sulfone, 3-methylsulfolen, 3-ethylsulfolen, 3-bromomethylsulfolen and the like, and sulfolane and tetramethylsulfolane are preferable.
- the amide compound examples include N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and the like.
- the saturated chain carbonate compound, the chain ether compound, the cyclic ether compound and the saturated chain ester compound can lower the viscosity of the liquid electrolyte and increase the mobility of the electrolyte ions. Etc., the battery characteristics such as output density can be made excellent. Further, since the viscosity is low, the performance of the liquid electrolyte at a low temperature can be improved, and a saturated chain carbonate compound is particularly preferable.
- saturated chain carbonate compound examples include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, methyl-t-butyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl propyl carbonate and the like.
- chain ether compound or cyclic ether compound examples include dimethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxy ethane, diethoxy ethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolan, dioxane, 1,2-bis (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane, and 1,2-bis (.
- the saturated chain ester compound is preferably a monoester compound or a diester compound having a total number of carbon atoms in the molecule of 2 to 8, and specific compounds include, for example, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, and acetate.
- organic solvent used for preparing the liquid electrolyte for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile, nitromethane, derivatives thereof, and various ionic liquids can also be used.
- Examples of the polymer used for the polymer gel electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyhexafluoropropylene.
- Examples of the polymer used for the pure polymer electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- the blending ratio in the gel electrolyte and the compounding method are not particularly limited, and a blending ratio known in the present art and a known compounding method may be adopted.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain other known additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge inhibitor in order to improve battery life and safety.
- additives such as an electrode film forming agent, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, and an overcharge inhibitor in order to improve battery life and safety.
- it is usually 0.01 part by mass to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 part by mass to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the entire non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a polymer microporous film usually used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be used without particular limitation.
- the film include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene oxide, and polyethers such as polypropylene oxide.
- Various celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, polymer compounds and derivatives mainly composed of poly (meth) acrylic acid and various esters thereof, films composed of copolymers and mixtures thereof, etc.
- These films may be coated with a ceramic material such as alumina or silica, magnesium oxide, an aramid resin, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- These films may be used alone or may be laminated and used as a multi-layer film. Further, various additives may be used in these films, and the type and content thereof are not particularly limited.
- a film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polysulfone is preferably used for the secondary battery manufactured by the method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is a genuine polymer electrolyte or an inorganic solid electrolyte
- the separator may not be included.
- the shape of the secondary battery is not particularly limited, and can be various shapes such as a coin type, a cylindrical type, a square type, and a laminated type.
- a laminated film or a metal container can be used as the exterior member of the secondary battery.
- the thickness of the exterior member is usually 0.5 mm or less, preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- Examples of the shape of the exterior member include a flat type (thin type), a square type, a cylindrical type, a coin type, and a button type.
- a multilayer film having a metal layer between resin films can also be used.
- the metal layer is preferably an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil in order to reduce the weight.
- the resin film for example, a polymer material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon or polyethylene terephthalate can be used.
- the laminated film can be sealed by heat fusion to form the shape of the exterior member.
- the metal container can be formed from, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like.
- the aluminum alloy an alloy containing elements such as magnesium, zinc, and silicon is preferable.
- Raw material PAN mixture 10 parts by mass of polyacrylonitrile powder (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, average particle size 200 ⁇ m) and 30 parts by mass of sulfur powder (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich, average particle size 200 ⁇ m) are mixed using a mortar, and Production Examples 1 to 4 It was used as a raw material for the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile in.
- the obtained intermediate product was placed in a glass tube oven at 260 ° C., depressurized and heated at 20 hPa for 3 hours to remove sulfur.
- the obtained sulfur-modified product was pulverized using a ball mill and then classified by sieving to obtain a sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN1 having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m.
- Production Example 2 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out except that the time for removing sulfur from the intermediate product was changed from 3 hours to 24 hours to obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN2.
- Production Example 3 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out except that the temperature for removing sulfur from the intermediate product was changed from 260 ° C. to 300 ° C. to obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN3.
- Production Example 4 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 except that the conditions for removing sulfur from the intermediate product were changed from 3 hours at 260 ° C. and a reduced pressure of 20 hPa to 24 hours at 300 ° C. and a normal pressure under a nitrogen stream. To obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN4.
- the gaps at both ends of the tubular electric furnace are filled with glass wool to insulate it, and during heating, nitrogen gas is sent from the lower end of the core tube at a flow rate of 100 ml / min, and hydrogen sulfide gas generated from the upper end of the core tube is sent. Made it possible to discharge.
- the heating point of the core tube was the entire expanded portion, but the sulfur sublimated and adhered to the thin tube portion was appropriately heated to dissolve and reflux to the expanded portion.
- the obtained intermediate product was placed in a glass tube oven at 300 ° C., depressurized and heated at 20 hPa for 3 hours to remove sulfur.
- the obtained sulfur-modified product was pulverized using a ball mill and then classified by sieving to obtain a sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN5 having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m.
- Production Example 7 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 except that the conditions for removing sulfur from the intermediate product were changed from 3 hours at 260 ° C. and a reduced pressure of 20 hPa to 24 hours at 260 ° C. and a normal pressure under a nitrogen stream. To obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN7.
- Production Example 8 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out except that the conditions for removing sulfur from the intermediate product were changed from 260 ° C. to 180 ° C. to obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN8.
- Production Example 5 In Production Example 5, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out except that the conditions for removing sulfur from the intermediate product were changed from 260 ° C. to 180 ° C. to obtain sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile SPAN10.
- the total sulfur content, free sulfur content, and heating mass reduction rate of SPAN 1 to 10 were calculated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1. Since SPAN1 to 5, 8 and 10 are the sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile of the present invention, Examples 1 to 7 were used, and SPAN6, 7 and 9 were referred to as Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- Total sulfur content It was calculated from the analysis results using a CHN analyzer (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH model: variableoMICROcube) capable of analyzing sulfur and oxygen.
- the combustion tube temperature was 1150 ° C.
- the reduction tube temperature was 850 ° C.
- a tin boat was used as the sample container.
- Heating mass reduction rate Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a thermogravimetric / differential thermal simultaneous analyzer, and the mass reduction rate at 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. with respect to the weight before heating was defined as the heating mass reduction rate. The rate of temperature rise was 10 ° C./min.
- Electrodes of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared by the following methods. 92.0 parts by mass of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile as an electrode active material, 3.5 parts by mass of acetylene black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo) as a conductive auxiliary agent, and 1.5 parts by mass of carbon nanotubes (manufactured by Showa Denko, trade name VGCF).
- styrene-butadiene rubber water dispersion, manufactured by Nippon Zeon
- carboxymethyl cellulose manufactured by Daicel FineChem
- 120 parts by mass of water 120 parts by mass of water as a solvent.
- a slurry was prepared by mixing using a mixer. This slurry composition was applied to a current collector of stainless steel foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) by the doctor blade method, and dried at 90 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, this electrode was cut into a predetermined size and vacuum dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare a disk-shaped electrode.
- This slurry composition was applied to a current collector of aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) by the doctor blade method, and dried at 90 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, this electrode was cut into a predetermined size and vacuum dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours to prepare a disk-shaped positive electrode 1.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1.0 mol / L in a mixed solvent consisting of 50% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 50% by volume of diethyl carbonate.
- Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used as a positive electrode and the negative electrode 1 was used as a negative electrode, and a glass filter was sandwiched between them as a separator and held in the case. Then, the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared above is injected into the case, the case is sealed and sealed, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries ( ⁇ 20 mm, thickness 3.) of Examples 8 to 14 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 are sealed. 2mm coin type) was manufactured.
- Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used as a negative electrode and the positive electrode 1 was used as a positive electrode, and a polypropylene microporous film was sandwiched and held in the case as a separator. Then, the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared above is injected into the case, the case is sealed and sealed, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries ( ⁇ 20 mm, thickness 3.) of Examples 15 to 21 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9 are sealed. 2mm coin type) was manufactured.
- Table 2 shows the pre-save charge capacity (11th cycle charge capacity), the post-save discharge capacity (11th cycle discharge capacity), the irreversible capacity (difference between the 11th cycle charge capacity and the 12th cycle charge capacity), and The self-discharge capacity (difference between the charge capacity before storage and the total discharge capacity and irreversible capacity after storage) is shown.
- Each volume was defined as the volume per mass of sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, which is a positive electrode active material.
- evaluation 2 Evaluation as a positive electrode active material (stored at 60 ° C)]
- evaluation 1 the same operation as in evaluation 1 was performed except that the storage temperature for 2 weeks was changed from 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- Table 3 shows the charge capacity before storage, the discharge capacity after storage, and the irreversible capacity.
- evaluation 4 Evaluation as a negative electrode active material (stored at 60 ° C)]
- evaluation 3 the same operation as in evaluation 1 was performed except that the storage temperature for 2 weeks was changed from 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
- Table 5 shows the charge capacity before storage, the discharge capacity after storage, and the irreversible capacity.
- the charged non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a decrease in discharge capacity due to natural discharge and an increase in irreversible capacity, and in particular, it increases at high temperature rather than low temperature. This is the reason why the discharge capacity after storage is smaller than the charge capacity before storage in Tables 2 to 5.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本発明の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルは、電極活物質として単独で用いてもよいし、他の硫黄系活物質と組み合わせて用いてもよい。他の硫黄系活物質としては、有機ポリスルフィド(R-S-Sm-R:Rは炭化水素基、m=1~50)、炭素-硫黄ポリマー((C2Sx)y:x=2.5~50、y≧2)等が挙げられる。
液体電解質及び高分子ゲル電解質における、支持電解質の含有量は、好ましくは0.5~7mol/L、より好ましくは0.8~1.8mol/Lである。
前記アマイド化合物としては、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられる。
特開2013-054957号公報の製造例に準じた方法で硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを製造した。即ち、原料PAN混合物20gを外径45mm、長さ120mmの有底円筒状ガラス管に収容したのち、ガラス管の開口部にガス導入管及びガス排出管を有するシリコーン栓を取り付けた。ガラス管内部の空気を窒素で置換した後、ガラス管の下部をルツボ型電気炉に入れ、ガス導入管から窒素を導入して発生する硫化水素を除去しながら400℃で1時間加熱した。なお、硫黄蒸気はガラス管の上部又は蓋部で凝結して還流する。得られた中間生成物を260℃のガラスチューブオーブンに入れ、減圧し20hPaで3時間加熱して硫黄を除去した。得られた硫黄変性生成物を、ボールミルを用いて粉砕後、ふるいで分級し平均粒子径が10μmの硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN1を得た。
製造例1において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の時間を3時間から24時間に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN2を得た。
製造例1において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の温度を260℃から300℃に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN3を得た。
製造例1において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の条件を、260℃、減圧20hPaで3時間から、窒素気流下、300℃、常圧で24時間に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN4を得た。
外径10mm、内径6mmの耐熱ガラス製のガラス管の中央部分を加熱しながら膨張させ、中央部に外径30mm、長さ50mmの膨張部分を有し、両端に外径10mm、長さ150mmの細管を有するホールピペット型のガラス製炉心管を作製した。
原料PAN混合物5gを前記炉心管の膨張部分に入れ、炉心管が5°の傾斜になるように加熱部分が70mmの管状電気炉に設置し、炉心管内を窒素ガスで置換した後、毎分1回転させながら400℃で1時間加熱し、中間生成物を得た。なお、管状電気炉の両端の隙間はグラスウールを詰めて断熱し、加熱中は、炉心管の下部端から100ml/分の流速で窒素ガスを送り、炉心管の上部端から生成する硫化水素ガスを排出できるようにした。また、炉心管の加熱箇所は、膨張部分全体としたが、昇華して細管部分に付着した硫黄は、適宜加熱して溶解し膨張部分に還流させた。
得られた中間生成物を300℃のガラスチューブオーブンに入れ、減圧し20hPaで3時間加熱して硫黄を除去した。得られた硫黄変性生成物を、ボールミルを用いて粉砕後、ふるいで分級し平均粒子径が10μmの硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN5を得た。
製造例5において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の温度を300℃から350℃に、時間を3時間から24時間に変更した以外は製造例5と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN6を得た。
製造例1において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の条件を、260℃、減圧20hPaで3時間から、窒素気流下、260℃、常圧で24時間に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN7を得た。
製造例1において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の条件を、260℃から180℃に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN8を得た。
製造例5において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の条件を、300℃、減圧20hPaで3時間から、窒素気流下、260℃、常圧で24時間に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN9を得た。
製造例5において、中間生成物からの硫黄除去の条件を、260℃から180℃に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルSPAN10を得た。
硫黄及び酸素が分析可能なCHN分析装置(Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH製 型式:varioMICROcube)を用いた分析結果から算出した。なお、燃焼管温度は1150℃、還元管温度は850℃とし、サンプル容器は錫ボートを使用した。
JIS K6234に準じて抽出した遊離硫黄を、エタノールを溶媒として吸光光度法で定量した。なお、測定波長は264nmとした。
熱重量・示差熱同時分析装置を用いて熱重量分析を行い、加熱前の重量に対する150℃~350℃における質量減少率を加熱質量減少率とした。なお、昇温速度は10℃/分とした。
実施例1~7、比較例1~3の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを用いて、下記の方法で実施例1~7、比較例1~3の電極を作製した。
電極活物質として、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル92.0質量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製)3.5質量部、及びカーボンナノチューブ(昭和電工製、商品名VGCF)1.5質量部、結着剤としてスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(水分散液、日本ゼオン製)1.5質量部、及びカルボキシメチルセルロース(ダイセルファインケム製)1.5質量部、並びに溶剤として水120質量部を、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて混合しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、ドクターブレード法によりステンレス箔(厚さ20μm)の集電体に塗布し、90℃で3時間乾燥した。その後、この電極を所定の大きさにカットし、120℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、円盤状電極を作製した。
正極活物質として90.0質量部のLi(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2(日本化学産業製、商品名:NCM111、以下、NCM)、導電助剤として5.0質量部のアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製)、結着剤として5.0質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(クレハ製)を、100質量部のN-メチルピロリドンに混合し、自転・公転ミキサーを用いて分散しスラリーを調製した。このスラリー組成物を、ドクターブレード法によりアルミニウム箔(厚さ20μm)の集電体に塗布し、90℃で3時間乾燥した。その後、この電極を所定の大きさにカットし、120℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い、円盤状の正極1を作製した。
厚さ500μmのリチウム金属を所定の大きさにカットし、円盤状の負極1を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート50体積%、ジエチルカーボネート50体積%からなる混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.0mol/Lの濃度で溶解し電解質溶液を調製した。
実施例1~7及び比較例1~3の電極を正極、負極1を負極とし、セパレータとしてガラスフィルターを挟んでケース内に保持した。その後、先に調製した非水電解質をケース内に注入し、ケースを密閉、封止して、実施例8~14及び比較例4~6の非水電解質二次電池(φ20mm、厚さ3.2mmのコイン型)を製作した。
また、実施例1~7及び比較例1~3の電極を負極、正極1を正極とし、セパレータとしてポリプロピレン微多孔膜を挟んでケース内に保持した。その後、先に調製した非水電解質をケース内に注入し、ケースを密閉、封止して、実施例15~21及び比較例7~9の非水電解質二次電池(φ20mm、厚さ3.2mmのコイン型)を製作した。
実施例8~14及び比較例4~6の非水電解質二次電池を25℃の恒温槽に入れ、充電終止電圧を3.0V、放電終止電圧を1.0Vとし、充電レート0.2C、放電レート0.2Cの充放電を12サイクル行い、充放電容量を測定した。但し、11サイクル目の充電完了後、50℃で2週間保存してから、放電を行った。表2に、保存前充電容量(11サイクル目の充電容量)、保存後放電容量(11サイクル目の放電容量)、不可逆容量(11サイクル目の充電容量と12サイクル目の充電容量の差)及び自己放電容量(保存前充電容量と、保存後放電容量及び不可逆容量の合計の差)を示す。なお、各容量は正極活物質である硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの質量あたりの容量とした。
評価1において、2週間の保存温度を50℃から60℃に変更した以外は評価1と同様の操作を行った。表3に保存前充電容量、保存後放電容量及び不可逆容量を示す。
実施例15~21及び比較例7~9の非水電解質二次電池について、充電終止電圧を3.2V、放電終止電圧を0.8Vに変更した以外は、評価1と同様の操作を行った。表4に保存前充電容量、保存後放電容量及び不可逆容量を示す。なお、各容量は正極活物質であるNCMの質量あたりの容量とした。
評価3において、2週間の保存温度を50℃から60℃に変更した以外は評価1と同様の操作を行った。表5に保存前充電容量、保存後放電容量及び不可逆容量を示す。
Claims (9)
- 硫黄の全含量が30質量%~55質量%であり、溶媒抽出法による遊離硫黄の含量が0.05質量ppm~4質量%である、硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル。
- 熱重量分析法による150℃~350℃における加熱質量減少率が0.2質量%~15質量%である、請求項1に記載の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを含有する電極活物質。
- 請求項3に記載の電極活物質を含む、二次電池用電極。
- 請求項4に記載の二次電池用電極を正極とする非水電解質二次電池。
- 請求項4に記載の二次電池用電極を負極とする非水電解質二次電池。
- 硫黄の全含量が30質量%~55質量%であり、遊離硫黄の含量が0.05質量ppm~4質量%である硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを非水電解質二次電池用電極の電極活物質として選別する選別工程1を含む、
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを含有する電極活物質を含む非水電解質二次電池用電極の製造方法。 - 硫黄の全含量が30質量%~55質量%であり、遊離硫黄の含量が0.05質量ppm~4質量%である硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを選別する選別工程1、及び
前記選別工程1で選別された硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの中から、熱重量分析法による150℃~350℃における加熱質量減少率が0.2質量%~15質量%である硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを非水電解質二次電池用電極の電極活物質として選別する選別工程2を含む、
硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルを含有する電極活物質を含む非水電解質二次電池用電極の製造方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリルの電極活物質としての使用。
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| EP21832917.5A EP4174095A4 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | SULFUR-MODIFIED POLYACRYLNITRILE, ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL CONTAINING THE SAME, SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTRODE THEREOF AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| CN202180046515.3A CN115836093B (zh) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | 硫改性聚丙烯腈、包含该硫改性聚丙烯腈的电极活性物质、包含该电极活性物质的二次电池用电极、该电极的制造方法以及使用了该电极的非水电解质二次电池 |
| JP2022534022A JP7821555B2 (ja) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | 硫黄変性ポリアクリロニトリル、それを含む電極活物質、該電極活物質を含む二次電池用電極、該電極の製造方法及び該電極を用いた非水電解質二次電池 |
| KR1020227046269A KR20230029695A (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | 황 변성 폴리아크릴로니트릴, 그것을 포함하는 전극 활물질, 그 전극 활물질을 포함하는 이차 전지용 전극, 그 전극의 제조 방법 및 그 전극을 사용한 비수 전해질 이차 전지 |
| US18/013,369 US20230235103A1 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2021-06-29 | Sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile, electrode active material containing same, electrode for secondary battery containing said electrode active material, method of manufacturing said electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using said electrode |
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| JP2023124354A (ja) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-09-06 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 遊離硫黄の定量方法 |
| WO2024057992A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫黄含有材料、硫黄含有電池材料、電極及び電池 |
| WO2024057991A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-21 | 株式会社Adeka | 硫黄含有材料の製造方法 |
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| JPWO2022004696A1 (ja) | 2022-01-06 |
| US20230235103A1 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
| KR20230029695A (ko) | 2023-03-03 |
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