WO2022009514A1 - ガス分離方法及び装置 - Google Patents
ガス分離方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022009514A1 WO2022009514A1 PCT/JP2021/017698 JP2021017698W WO2022009514A1 WO 2022009514 A1 WO2022009514 A1 WO 2022009514A1 JP 2021017698 W JP2021017698 W JP 2021017698W WO 2022009514 A1 WO2022009514 A1 WO 2022009514A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1216—Three or more layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/261—Polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/262—Polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/401—Polymers based on the polymerisation of acrylic acid, e.g. polyacrylate
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/42—Polymers of nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile
- B01D71/421—Polyacrylonitrile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/44—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/26-B01D71/42
- B01D71/441—Polyvinylpyrrolidone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/50—Polycarbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/62—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain
- B01D71/64—Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D2053/221—Devices
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/10—Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/36—Hydrophilic membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/50—Membrane in gel form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention particularly relates to a gas separation method and an apparatus for separating a gas to be separated from a mixed gas containing the gas to be separated by using a selective permeation membrane provided with a separation functional layer that selectively permeates the gas to be separated.
- the permeable membrane consists of a hydrophilic porous membrane, a separation functional layer composed of a gel layer of a hydrophilic polymer containing water formed on the hydrophilic porous membrane, and a hydrophobic porous membrane bonded on the separation functional layer in that order.
- the present invention relates to a gas separation method and an apparatus having a laminated structure.
- a separation functional layer composed of a gel layer of a hydrophilic polymer is formed on a support membrane
- a step of applying a cast solution consisting of an aqueous solution containing the hydrophilic polymer onto the support membrane and then gelling is involved.
- a support film there are two methods as a support film, a case where a hydrophobic porous membrane is used and a case where a hydrophilic porous membrane is used (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).
- the separation functional layer disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below is a compound that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide, which is a gas to be separated, in the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer containing water. It is a CO 2 promoting transport membrane containing a CO 2 carrier.
- the cast solution can be uniformly applied on the support film, but in the pores of the support film.
- the cast solution also flows into it.
- this cast solution is gelled, a gel layer is formed not only on the surface of the support film but also in the pores.
- gas is supplied to the gel layer to separate the gas and pressure is applied, the gel layer formed on the surface further penetrates into the pores due to the pressure.
- the gel layer that has penetrated into the pores is gas permeable. It becomes a big resistance of. Therefore, when a hydrophilic porous membrane is used as the support membrane, the permeability of the entire gel layer is lower than that when the gel layer is formed only on the surface of the support membrane, and the gas permeance is lowered. There is.
- the hydrophilic porous film is excellent as the support film for the separation functional layer in consideration of the film-forming property, but the hydrophobic porous film is excellent in consideration of the gas permeation performance.
- the gas separation method according to the present invention for achieving the above object is Using a selective permeable membrane having a separation functional layer that selectively permeates the gas to be separated, and a gas separation device including a first treatment chamber and a second treatment chamber separated by the selective permeable membrane, The mixed gas containing the separated gas is supplied to the first processing chamber or generated in the first processing chamber, and the separated gas is produced from the first processing chamber side of the selective permeation membrane to the second processing chamber.
- a gas separation method for separating the gas to be separated from the mixed gas by allowing the gas to permeate to the side.
- the selective permeation membrane is an order of a hydrophilic porous membrane, the separation functional layer supported by the hydrophilic porous membrane, and a first protective membrane of the hydrophobic porous membrane bonded on the separation functional layer.
- Has a laminated structure that is laminated to The separation functional layer is configured to include a gel layer of a hydrophilic polymer containing water.
- the first treatment chamber is provided on the hydrophilic porous membrane side of the selective permeable membrane, and the second treatment chamber is provided on the first protective membrane side of the selective permeable membrane. ..
- the gas separation device for achieving the above object is It is configured to include a selective permeation membrane having a separation functional layer that selectively permeates the gas to be separated, and a first treatment chamber and a second treatment chamber separated by the selective permeation membrane.
- the mixed gas containing the separated gas is supplied to the first processing chamber or generated in the first processing chamber, and the separated gas is produced from the first processing chamber side of the selective permeation membrane to the second processing chamber.
- a gas separation device that separates the gas to be separated from the mixed gas by allowing it to permeate to the side.
- the selective permeation membrane is an order of a hydrophilic porous membrane, the separation functional layer supported by the hydrophilic porous membrane, and a first protective membrane of the hydrophobic porous membrane bonded on the separation functional layer.
- Has a laminated structure that is laminated to The separation functional layer is configured to include a gel layer of a hydrophilic polymer containing water.
- the first treatment chamber is on the hydrophilic porous membrane side of the separation functional layer of the selective permeable membrane, and the second treatment chamber is on the first protective membrane side of the separation functional layer of the selective permeable membrane. It is characterized by being.
- the pressure on the first treatment chamber side is from the second treatment chamber side in order to obtain the partial pressure difference of the treatment gas, which is the driving force for the gas to be treated to permeate the separation functional layer from the first treatment chamber side to the second treatment chamber side.
- the pressure is high, according to the gas separation method and apparatus of the above-mentioned characteristics, since the hydrophilic porous membrane is arranged on the first treatment chamber side from the separation functional layer, the pressure between the first and second treatment chambers is described above.
- the difference is that the gel layer formed on the surface of the hydrophilic porous membrane does not penetrate into the pores of the hydrophilic porous membrane. That is, it is possible to prevent a decrease in gas permeability due to the gel layer invading the pores of the hydrophilic porous membrane.
- the first protective film is composed of a hydrophobic porous film and the gel layer contains water
- the gel layer formed on the surface of the hydrophilic porous film due to the pressure difference is the first protective film. Invasion into the pores of the membrane is also suppressed.
- the problem when using it can be solved at the same time.
- the "gel layer of a hydrophilic polymer containing water" in the gas separation method and device having the above characteristics is a state in which the gas separation device is used for gas separation and a non-use state in which the gas separation device is not used for gas separation. In any case (for example, in the storage state), it means that the gel layer of the separation functional layer contains an amount of water corresponding to the temperature and humidity in each state.
- the first treatment chamber side of the hydrophilic porous membrane is covered with a second protective membrane made of a hydrophobic porous membrane. This makes it possible to prevent water droplets from adhering to the gel layer through the hydrophilic porous membrane and deteriorating the membrane performance.
- the hydrophobic porous film is contained in polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride. It is preferable that the composition contains at least one of the above.
- the hydrophilic porous membrane is at least one of polycarbonate, a polycellulose ester, a polyether ether ketone, and a hydrophilized membrane of the hydrophobic porous membrane. It is preferable that it is configured to include.
- the hydrophilic polymer is a polymer containing polyacrylic acid as a main component.
- the object separation gas is carbon dioxide, the separation function layer, a CO 2 carrier that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide in the mixed gas into the gel layer It is preferably a CO 2 promoting transport membrane containing.
- the pressure difference between the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber it is preferable to adjust the pressure difference between the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber to 300 kPa or more.
- the gas separation device it is preferable to provide a pressure adjusting device for adjusting the pressure difference to 300 kPa or more.
- the pressure difference is adjusted by adjusting the pressure of at least one of the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber.
- the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber can be distinguished from the outside on the outside of the housing constituting the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber. Is preferably provided.
- the gas separation device having the above characteristics, there is a catalyst in the first processing chamber for advancing the reaction for producing the mixed gas containing the separated gas from the raw material gas supplied to the first processing chamber. Is preferable.
- the gas separation method and apparatus having the above characteristics, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the gas permeation performance while maintaining the excellent film-forming property of the hydrophilic porous film, and the hydrophilic porous film is used as the support film.
- the problem of the case and the problem of using the hydrophobic porous membrane can be solved at the same time.
- Sectional drawing which shows typically the structure in one Embodiment of the gas separation apparatus which concerns on this invention.
- the figure which shows the evaluation result of the CO 2 permeance of the sample S1 of an Example and the sample C1 of a comparative example 1. Shows the N 2 permeance evaluation results of the sample C1 of Comparative Example 1 and sample S1 of Example
- Sectional drawing which shows typically the structure in another embodiment of the gas separation apparatus which concerns on this invention.
- this separation device and the present separation method
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the basic configuration of the separation device 1 with emphasis on the main parts. Therefore, the dimensional ratio of each component shown in FIG. 1 and the actual dimensional ratio do not always match.
- the selective transmission film 10 of the flat film is housed in the housing 20, and the space surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 20 and the supply side surface 10a of the selective transmission film 10
- the first processing chamber 21 is formed
- the second processing chamber 22 is formed by the space surrounded by the inner wall of the housing 20 and the transmission side surface 10b of the selective transmission membrane 10. That is, the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22 are separated by the selective permeable membrane 10. Therefore, the housing 20 is a housing constituting the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22.
- the housing 20 is made of stainless steel, for example, and although not shown, a fluororubber gasket is interposed as a sealing material between the outer peripheral end of the selective transmission membrane 10 and the inner wall of the housing 20 as an example. Then, the selective permeable membrane 10 is fixed in the housing 20.
- the method for fixing and sealing the selective permeable membrane 10 is not limited to the above method. Further, since the specific structure for fixing the selective permeable membrane 10 in the housing 20 differs depending on the shape of the selective permeable membrane 10 and the accommodation form in the housing 20, it is not the main purpose of the present invention. , Detailed description is omitted.
- the first inlet 21a for feeding the mixed gas FG containing the separated gas G0 into the first processing chamber 21 from the outside and the mixed gas after the separated gas G0 is separated are used.
- a first discharge port 21b for discharging a certain post-treatment gas EG from the first treatment chamber 21 to the outside is provided.
- a pipe for supplying the mixed gas FG into the first processing chamber 21 is connected to the first inlet 21a, and the treated gas EG is first processed in the first discharge port 21b.
- a pipe for discharging from the chamber 21 is connected.
- the opening positions of the first inlet 21a and the first outlet 21b shown in FIG. 1 are examples and can be appropriately changed according to the shape of the first processing chamber 21.
- a second discharge port 22b is provided to discharge the exhaust gas MG mixed with SG from the second treatment chamber 22 to the outside.
- a pipe for supplying the sweep gas SG into the second treatment chamber 22 is connected to the second inlet 22a, and the exhaust gas MG is connected to the second discharge port 22b in the second treatment chamber 22.
- a pipe for discharging from 22 is connected.
- the opening positions of the second inlet 22a and the second outlet 22b shown in FIG. 1 are examples and can be appropriately changed according to the shape of the first processing chamber 21.
- each of the above pipes has a device for mixing multiple gas types, a device for adjusting or measuring the gas flow rate, a device for adjusting the gas supply pressure, and a gas back pressure.
- a device for adding water vapor to the gas, a device for removing water in the gas, and the like are provided as necessary.
- the sweep gas SG lowers the partial pressure of the permeated gas PG containing the separated gas G0 that has permeated the selective permeation membrane 10, maintains the permeation propulsive force of the selective permeation membrane 10, and discharges the permeate gas PG to the outside. Used for.
- the sweep gas SG may be used as needed, and when the sweep gas SG is not used, it is not always necessary to provide the second inlet 22a in the second processing chamber 22. In the configuration illustrated in FIG.
- the use of sweep gas SG is assumed. Further, the position of the second discharge port 22b may be moved to the position where the second inlet 22a is provided. Further, even when the sweep gas SG is used, the positions of the second inlet 22a and the second outlet 22b may be exchanged. In this case, the flowing direction of the mixed gas FG in the first processing chamber 21 and the flowing direction of the permeated gas PG or the exhaust gas MG in the second processing chamber 22 are opposite to each other.
- the gas species used in the sweep gas SG in the same manner as in the evaluation experiments of the membrane performance of selectively permeable membrane 10 to be described later, can be used and H 2 O (steam), further, an inert gas such as Ar, Alternatively, a mixed gas of steam and an inert gas can also be used, and the sweep gas SG is not limited to a specific gas type.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 has a laminated structure in which a hydrophilic porous membrane 11, a separation functional layer 12, and a first protective membrane 13 are laminated in order.
- the separation functional layer 12 is a layer for selectively permeating the separated gas G0, and in the present embodiment, as an example, the separated functional layer 12 is selectively selected with the separated gas G0 in the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer containing water. It contains a reactive compound (gas carrier) and functions as an accelerated transport membrane.
- the hydrophilic porous film 11 is a base material for applying a cast solution composed of an aqueous solution containing a hydrophilic polymer in the step of forming the gel layer of the separation functional layer 12, and the hydrophilic polymer in the cast solution is gelled. It functions as a support film that supports the obtained gel layer.
- the first protective film 13 is a protective film that protects the exposed surface of the separation functional layer 12, and in the present embodiment, it is configured by laminating a hydrophobic porous film on the exposed surface of the separation functional layer 12.
- polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid (PVA / PAA) salt copolymer polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, chitosan, polyvinylamine, polyallylamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
- a hydrophilic polymer containing polyacrylic acid as a main component is preferably used.
- the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer may be a hydrogel. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure formed by cross-linking a hydrophilic polymer, and often has a property of swelling by absorbing water.
- the hydrophilic polymer is a PVA / PAA salt copolymer or polyvinyl alcohol
- the degree of cross-linking of the hydrogel can be adjusted by adding a cross-linking agent such as a dialdehyde compound such as glutaraldehyde or an aldehyde compound such as formaldehyde. can.
- a cross-linking agent such as a dialdehyde compound such as glutaraldehyde or an aldehyde compound such as formaldehyde.
- the PVA / PAA salt copolymer may be referred to as a PVA / PAA copolymer.
- carbonates of alkali metals such as cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) and rubidium carbonate (Rb 2 CO 3 ) are used as gas carriers (CO 2 carriers) contained in the separation functional layer 12.
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- Rb 2 CO 3 rubidium carbonate
- CO 2 carriers gas carriers contained in the separation functional layer 12.
- Amino acids are preferably used.
- the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer in addition to alkali as CO 2 carrier and the deprotonating agent, may be added CO 2 hydration catalyst.
- CO as 2 hydration reaction catalyst is preferably used oxo acid compound.
- CO 2 hydration reaction catalyst more specifically, Group 6 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, and, using the oxo acid compound of at least one element selected from the Group 16 elements, particularly Preferably, a terrelic acid compound, a selenic acid compound, a arsenic acid compound, an orthosilicic acid compound, or a molybdic acid compound is used.
- the hydrophobic porous film constituting the first protective film 13 includes polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethersulfone (PES), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PS), and the like.
- Polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc. are preferably used.
- the porosity (porosity) of the hydrophobic porous membrane is preferably 55% or more, and the pore diameter of the hydrophobic porous membrane is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and 0.1 to 0. It is more preferably in the range of .5 ⁇ m.
- hydrophobic porous membrane means that the contact angle with water at 25 ° C is 90 ° or more.
- the contact angle of the hydrophobic porous membrane is preferably 95 ° or more, more preferably 100 ° or more, still more preferably 105 ° or more.
- the hydrophilic porous film 11 polycarbonate (PC), polycellulose ester, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a film obtained by hydrophilizing the hydrophobic porous film, and the like are preferably used. Further, the porosity (porosity) of the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is preferably 55% or more, and the pore diameter of the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1. It is more preferably in the range of ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
- hydrophilic means that the contact angle with water at 25 ° C is less than 90 °.
- the contact angle of the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is preferably 45 ° or less.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 has a hydrophilic porous membrane 11 facing the first treatment chamber 21 side with the separation functional layer 12 as a reference, and the first protective membrane 13 of the hydrophobic porous membrane. Is fixed in the housing 20 so as to face the second processing chamber 22 side.
- the hydrophilic porous membrane 11, the separation functional layer 12, and the hydrophobic porous membrane 11 are permeated. It permeates in the order of the first protective film 13 of the film.
- the pressure on the first treatment chamber 21 side is the second treatment.
- the pressure between the first and second treatment chambers is increased because the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is arranged on the first treatment chamber 21 side of the separation functional layer 12 due to the above characteristics.
- the difference is that the gel layer formed on the surface of the hydrophilic porous membrane does not penetrate into the pores of the hydrophilic porous membrane.
- the feature of this separation method is that the separation device 1 is used to supply the mixed gas FG containing the separated gas G0 to the first processing chamber 21, and the separated gas G0 is supplied to the first processing chamber 21 of the selective permeation membrane 10.
- the point is that the gas to be separated G0 is separated from the mixed gas FG by allowing the gas to permeate from the side to the second processing chamber 22 side.
- the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer of the separation functional layer 12 on the assumption that CO 2 carrier and CO 2 hydration catalyst is added, the separation functional layer 12 functions as a CO 2 -facilitated transport membrane do. Further, by using the crosslinked polyacrylic acid (manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.) Akupekku HV-501 "as the hydrophilic polymer, using cesium hydroxide as a CO 2 carrier, as CO 2 hydration reaction catalyst, a potassium tellurite use.
- hydrophilic porous membrane 11 a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, WPW-020-80, film thickness 80 ⁇ m, pore diameter 0.2 ⁇ m) is used, and a hydrophobic porous membrane (first protective film) is used.
- a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer, HP-010-50, film thickness 50 ⁇ m, pore diameter 0.1 ⁇ m
- step 1 to produce a casting solution comprising a hydrophilic polymer and CO 2 carrier and CO 2 hydration catalyst. More specifically, as an example, 2.2 g of crosslinked polyacrylic acid, 15.2 g of cesium hydroxide monohydrate, and 0.8 g of potassium sterlate are added to 87.3 g of pure water and dissolved. Stir to obtain cast solution.
- step 2 the cast solution obtained in step 1 is cast on the surface of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane with an applicator (step 2).
- the cast thickness in the samples of Examples and Comparative Examples described later is 500 ⁇ m.
- the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane after casting is naturally dried at room temperature, and then the cast solution is gelled to form a separation functional layer 12 (step 3).
- gelation means that the cast solution, which is a dispersion liquid of a polymer, is dried to form a solid state, and the gel layer is a solid state layer produced by the gelation, and is a liquid film. Clearly distinguished. In the samples of Examples and Comparative Examples 1 described later, Step 2 and Step 3 are repeated.
- the gel layer is not only formed on the surface (cast surface) of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane but also fine in step 3. Since the pores are also filled and formed, defects (micro defects such as pinholes) are less likely to occur, and the success rate of film formation of the gel layer is increased.
- the appearance that the gel layer of the separation functional layer 12 is filled in the pores of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane of the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is omitted.
- step 1 an example of using crosslinked polyacrylic acid as the hydrophilic polymer is shown, but in step 1, when PVA / PAA salt copolymer or polyvinyl alcohol is used as the uncrosslinked hydrophilic polymer, in step 3, the naturally dried hydrophilic PTFE porous film may be further thermally crosslinked at a temperature of about 120 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- a cross-linking agent such as a dialdehyde compound or an aldehyde compound, the cross-linking agent is added to the cast solution in the above step 1.
- step 4 the hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane (first protective membrane 13) is bonded onto the separation functional layer 12 generated in step 3 (step 4), and the manufacturing step of the selective permeable membrane 10 is completed.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 produced through the above steps 1 to 4 is interposed as an example with a fluororubber gasket as a sealing material, and the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 faces the first treatment chamber 21 side.
- the first protective film 13 of the hydrophobic porous film is fixed in the housing 20 so as to face the second treatment chamber 22 side (step 5), and the present separation device 1 is manufactured.
- the housing 20 used in step 5 is provided with a first inlet 21a and a first discharge port 21b in advance in the first processing chamber 21, and a second inlet 22a is provided in the second processing chamber 22.
- the second discharge port 22b is provided in advance.
- the second inlet 22a may be provided in the second processing chamber 22 only when the sweep gas SG is used.
- the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing are performed in the separating apparatus 1 manufactured through the step 5.
- the chamber 22 can be distinguished from the outside of the housing 20 by some kind of identification display (display by characters or marks, difference in shape and size between the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22, the first inlet 21a and the first. 2 It is preferable to provide the inlet 22a or the difference in shape and size between the first discharge port 21b and the second discharge port 22b) on the outside (outer wall or the like) of the housing 20. If the identification display is provided, it is possible to prevent an error in supplying the mixed gas FG to the second processing chamber 21. If the second processing chamber 22 is not provided with the second inlet 22a, the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22 can be distinguished from the outside of the housing 20 even without the identification display. Is.
- the separation functional layer 12 is a CO 2 promoting transport membrane, and they are similarly produced through steps 1 to 4 of the manufacturing method of the present separation apparatus. There is.
- the difference between the sample S1 and the sample C1 is the method of fixing the produced selective permeable membrane 10 in the housing 20.
- a stainless steel distribution type gas permeation cell was used as the housing 20.
- the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 faces the first treatment chamber 21 side, and the first protective membrane 13 of the hydrophobic porous membrane faces the second treatment chamber 22 side according to step 5 of the above manufacturing method.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 is fixed to the flow-type gas permeation cell.
- a fluororubber gasket is interposed as a sealing material, the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 faces the second treatment chamber 22 side, and the first protective film 13 of the hydrophobic porous membrane is the first treatment. It is fixed to a flow-type gas permeation cell so as to face the chamber 21 side.
- the gas to be separated G0 that permeates the selective permeation membrane 10 passes through the hydrophilic porous membrane 11, the separation functional layer 12, and the first protective membrane 13 in this order, but the sample C1 of the comparative example 1 passes. Then, the gas to be separated G0 passes through the first protective film 13, the separation functional layer 12, and the hydrophilic porous film 11 in this order in the opposite direction to the sample S1.
- the evaluation conditions are common to each sample, the flowable gas permeation cell is installed in a constant temperature bath, the temperature in the cell is fixed at 110 ° C., and the relative humidity in the cell is 70%.
- the mixed gas FG supplied to the first processing chamber 21 is a mixed gas composed of CO 2 , N 2 , and H 2 O (steam), and the gas to be separated G0 is CO 2 .
- the second treatment chamber 22, as the sweep gas SG, is flowing and H 2 O (steam).
- the pressure on the second processing chamber 22 side is atmospheric pressure.
- the pressures on the first and second treatment chambers 21 and 22 are on the downstream side of the cooling trap in the middle of the discharge passages of the treated gas EG and the exhaust gas MG discharged from the first and second treatment chambers 21 and 22, respectively. It is adjusted by providing a back pressure regulator.
- the gas that has permeated through the selective permeation membrane 10 of each sample S1 and C1 is collected in a container after passing through a cooling trap from the second treatment chamber 21 side, and is quantified by a gas chromatograph.
- the amount of gas that has permeated the selective permeation membrane 10 of each sample S1 and C1 is small, and in order to match the CO 2 concentration within the measurement range of the gas chromatograph, it is used as a diluting gas in the container at a predetermined flow rate.
- Supply Ar The permeance of CO 2 and N 2 [mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa)] is calculated from the result quantified by the gas chromatograph and the flow rate of Ar, and the CO 2 / N 2 selectivity is calculated from the ratio.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show the three types of film performance (CO 2 permeance, N 2 permeance, and CO 2 / N 2 selectivity) measured in the above manner under each of the conditions 1 to 4.
- the horizontal axis of each figure shows the total pressure, and the four total pressures correspond to the conditions 1 to 4 in order from the left.
- black circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the film performance of the sample S1 of the example
- black triangles ( ⁇ ) indicate the film performance of the sample C1 of the comparative example 1.
- the N 2 permeance permeated by the dissolution / diffusion mechanism shown in FIG. 3 the N 2 permeance decreased with the increase in the total pressure in both the sample S1 of the example and the sample C1 of the comparative example 1.
- the sample S1 shows a slightly higher value than the sample C1, there is no big difference between the example and the comparative example 1.
- the pressure on the second processing chamber 22 side is atmospheric pressure
- the difference in CO 2 permeance between the sample S1 of the example and the sample C1 of the comparative example 1 is obtained from the measurement result of the CO 2 permeance shown in FIG.
- the pressure difference between the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22 remarkably appears at 300 kPa or more, and further increases at 500 kPa or more. From this, the pressure difference between the first processing chamber 21 and the second processing chamber 22 is adjusted to 300 kPa or more, preferably 500 kPa or more, so that the separated gas G0 is hydrophilic when it permeates the selective permeation membrane 10.
- the effect peculiar to the present separation device 1 and the present separation method using the present separation device 1 of suppressing the decrease in gas permeance caused by the gel layer penetrating into the pores of the porous membrane can be remarkably exhibited. ..
- the sample S2 of the example is produced through steps 1 to 5 of the manufacturing method of the present separation device, similarly to the sample S1 of the performance evaluation (1). Therefore, since the sample S2 and the sample S1 are the same, the description overlapping with the sample S1 is omitted.
- the selective permeable membrane used in sample C2 of Comparative Example 2 is a selective permeable membrane used in sample S2 in that the separation functional layer is a CO 2 promoting transport membrane and the first protective membrane is a hydrophobic porous membrane.
- step 1 of the manufacturing method of the present separation device 0.05 g of a surfactant (Surflon S-242 manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is added to the cast solution used in step 1 of the manufacturing method of the present separation device.
- the cast liquid obtained in step 1'for sample C2 is not a hydrophilic PTFE porous film cast by an applicator, but a hydrophobic PTFE porous film. It differs from step 1 of sample S2 in that it is cast on the surface of the film (step 2').
- step 1' the surfactant is added to the cast solution in order to improve the film-forming property of the separation functional layer with respect to the hydrophobic PTFE porous film. It has been confirmed that without the addition of a surfactant, the cast solution is repelled on the surface of the hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane and cannot form a uniform gel layer on the support membrane.
- the steps 3 and 4 for the sample C2 are the same as the steps 3 and 4 of the sample S2.
- the selective permeable membrane produced through the steps 1', 2', 3 and 4 is hydrophobic with the support membrane of the hydrophobic porous membrane facing the second treatment chamber 22 side.
- the first protective membrane of the porous membrane is fixed to the flow-type gas permeation cell so as to face the first treatment chamber 21 side (step 5'). That is, in the sample C2 of Comparative Example 2, the gas to be separated G0 passes through the first protective membrane (hydrophobic porous membrane), the separation functional layer, and the support membrane (hydrophobic porous membrane) in this order.
- the gel layer of the separation functional layer 12 in sample S2 of the example is the first. 1 It is the same as the degree of penetration into the pores of the hydrophobic porous film of the protective film.
- the evaluation conditions are common to each sample, the flow-type gas permeation cell is installed in a constant temperature bath, the temperature in the cell is fixed at 110 ° C., and the relative humidity in the cell is 80%.
- the gas to be separated G0 is CO 2 .
- the supply flow rate of the mixed gas FG is 7.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / min, and the total pressure (absolute pressure) of the mixed gas FG is 900 kPa.
- the pressure on the second processing chamber 22 side is atmospheric pressure.
- the pressures on the first and second treatment chambers 21 and 22 are on the downstream side of the cooling trap in the middle of the discharge passages of the treated gas EG and the exhaust gas MG discharged from the first and second treatment chambers 21 and 22, respectively. It is adjusted by providing a back pressure regulator.
- the exhaust gas MG which is a mixed gas of the gas permeated through the selective permeation membrane of each sample S2 and C2 and the sweep gas SG, is collected in the container after passing through the cooling trap from the second treatment chamber 21 side, and is quantified by a gas chromatograph. do.
- the permeance of CO 2 [mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa)] is calculated from the result quantified by the gas chromatograph and the flow rate of Ar in the exhaust gas MG.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of CO 2 permeance measured at a plurality of elapsed times from the start of the experiment in the above manner under the above evaluation conditions.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 shows the elapsed time from the start of the experiment.
- Black circles ( ⁇ ) indicate the CO 2 permeance of sample S2 of Example, and black triangles ( ⁇ ) indicate the CO 2 permeance of sample C2 of Comparative Example 2.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 is composed of three layers in which a hydrophilic porous membrane 11, a separation functional layer 12, and a first protective membrane 13 of a hydrophobic porous membrane are sequentially laminated.
- the selective permeation membrane 10 is composed of a second protective membrane 14 of a hydrophobic porous membrane, a hydrophilic porous membrane 11, a separation functional layer 12, and a hydrophobic porous membrane.
- a four-layer laminated structure in which the first protective film 13 is laminated in order may be used.
- the four-layer structure selective permeable membrane 10 has a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane (first protective membrane 13) on the separation functional layer 12 generated in step 3 in step 4 of the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the separation apparatus. It is obtained by laminating a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane (second protective film 14) on an exposed surface opposite to the cast surface of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane 11 which is the hydrophilic porous membrane 11.
- the hydrophobic porous film of the second protective film 14 the same hydrophobic porous film as the first protective film 13 can be preferably used, but a different hydrophobic porous film may be used.
- step 5 the four-layer structure selective transmission membrane 10 produced in the step 4 is fixed in the housing 20 in the same manner as the three-layer structure selective transmission membrane 10, and the separation device 1 is manufactured. Will be done.
- the above-mentioned important feature of the separation device 1 that is, the selective permeable membrane 10 is based on the separation functional layer 12, and the hydrophilic porous membrane 11 is the first treatment chamber.
- a flat plate type in which the flat membrane-like selective transmission film 10 is used as it is is exemplified as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, but the selective transmission is performed.
- the shape may be other than a flat plate type such as a pleated type having a flat membrane-like one or a plurality of selective transmission films 10 having a three-layer or four-layer structure folded in a bellows shape.
- CO 2 is used as the gas to be separated G0
- CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 O CO 2, N 2, H 2 O
- the mixed gas FG to be supplied to the first processing chamber 21 CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 O (CO 2, N 2, H 2 O)
- a mixed gas composed of steam is assumed
- the gas to be separated G0 is not limited to CO 2.
- the separation function layer 12 is facilitated transport membrane, as the separation gas G0, H 2 S, acid gases such as SO 2, NO 2 is assumed.
- the gas species constituting the mixed gas FG including the gas to be separated G0 are not limited to the above-mentioned combination of gas species.
- separation function layer 12 is facilitated transport membrane, the gas species other than the separation gas G0 and H 2 O (steam), in addition to N 2, H 2, CH 4 for only transmitted by dissolution and diffusion mechanism, O 2. CO, etc. are assumed. Further, the separation functional layer 12 provided with the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer containing water is mainly assumed to be an accelerated transport membrane, but is provided with the gel layer of the hydrophilic polymer containing water. If it is a separating functional layer, it is not necessarily limited to the accelerated transport membrane.
- the casting solution comprising a hydrophilic polymer and CO 2 carrier and CO 2 hydration catalyst
- the cast solution prepared was cast on the surface of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane (step 2), and the cast hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane was naturally dried at room temperature and then cast.
- the solution was allowed to gel (step 3) in step 1, to prepare a cast solution without either or both of the CO 2 carrier and CO 2 hydration reaction catalyst, the gel layer obtained in step 3 in contrast, impregnated with an aqueous solution not containing either or both of the CO 2 carrier and CO 2 hydration catalyst may be formed a separation function layer 12.
- CO 2 hydration reaction catalyst may be added as required.
- the mixed gas FG is generated in the first treatment chamber 21
- a CO 2 permeation type membrane reactor provided with a CO metaphor in the first treatment chamber 21
- the gas to be separated G0 is CO 2
- the separation functional layer 12 is the CO 2 promoting transport membrane described above.
- the first treatment chamber 21 is filled with a CO transformation catalyst, and the first treatment chamber 21 is configured as a CO modifier. do.
- a raw material gas containing H 2 as a main component generated by a steam reformer is supplied into a first treatment chamber 21 filled with a CO transformation catalyst and contained in the raw material gas. It is a device for removing carbon monoxide (CO) by the CO transformation reaction shown in the following (Chemical Formula 4). From the raw material gas (mixed gas of CO, H 2 and H 2 O) supplied into the first processing chamber 21 by the CO transformation reaction, the mixed gas FG of CO 2 , H 2 and H 2 O is first. It is generated in the processing chamber 21.
- CO 2 which is the gas to be separated G0 in the generated mixed gas FG is selectively permeated from the first processing chamber 21 of the separation device 1 to the second processing chamber 22 side to remove the CO.
- the chemical equilibrium of the transformation reaction can be shifted to the hydrogen generation side, and CO and CO 2 can be removed beyond the limit due to the constraint of equilibrium at the same reaction temperature and at a high conversion rate.
- the processed gas EG mainly of H 2 after removal of CO and CO 2 are taken out from the first processing chamber 21.
- the CO transformation catalyst to be filled in the first treatment chamber 21 is not limited to a specific catalyst, and various catalysts can be used. Further, the sweep gas SG is supplied to the second processing chamber 22 may be employed only when necessary, also the gas species used in the sweep gas SG, as described above, H 2 O (steam) or an inert gas such as Can be preferably used.
- the gas separation device and the gas separation method according to the present invention selectively select a gas to be separated from a mixed gas containing the gas to be separated by using a selective permeation membrane provided with a separation functional layer that selectively permeates the gas to be separated. It can be used to separate.
- Gas separation device 10 Selective permeable membrane 11: Hydrophilic porous membrane 12: Separation functional layer 13: First protective membrane (hydrophobic porous membrane) 14: Second protective film (hydrophobic porous film) 20: Housing 21: 1st processing chamber 21a: 1st inlet 21b: 1st exhaust port 22: 2nd processing chamber 22a: 2nd inlet 22b: 2nd outlet FG: Mixed gas EG: Treated gas MG : Exhaust gas PG: Permeated gas SG: Sweep gas
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Abstract
Description
被分離ガスを選択的に透過する分離機能層を有する選択透過膜と、前記選択透過膜によって隔てられた第1処理室と第2処理室を備えて構成されるガス分離装置を使用し、
前記被分離ガスを含む混合ガスを前記第1処理室に供給、或いは、前記第1処理室内で生成し、前記被分離ガスを前記選択透過膜の前記第1処理室側から前記第2処理室側に透過させることにより、前記混合ガスから前記被分離ガスを分離するガス分離方法であって、
前記選択透過膜が、親水性多孔膜と、前記親水性多孔膜に支持された前記分離機能層と、前記分離機能層上に貼合された疎水性多孔膜の第1保護膜とを、順番に積層した積層構造を有し、
前記分離機能層が、水分を含む親水性ポリマーのゲル層を備えて構成され、
前記第1処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記親水性多孔膜側に設けられ、前記第2処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記第1保護膜側に設けられていることを特徴とする。
被分離ガスを選択的に透過する分離機能層を有する選択透過膜と、前記選択透過膜によって隔てられた第1処理室と第2処理室を備えて構成され、
前記被分離ガスを含む混合ガスを前記第1処理室に供給、或いは、前記第1処理室内で生成し、前記被分離ガスを前記選択透過膜の前記第1処理室側から前記第2処理室側に透過させることにより、前記混合ガスから前記被分離ガスを分離するガス分離装置であって、
前記選択透過膜が、親水性多孔膜と、前記親水性多孔膜に支持された前記分離機能層と、前記分離機能層上に貼合された疎水性多孔膜の第1保護膜とを、順番に積層した積層構造を有し、
前記分離機能層が、水分を含む親水性ポリマーのゲル層を備えて構成され、
前記第1処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記分離機能層より前記親水性多孔膜側にあり、前記第2処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記分離機能層より前記第1保護膜側にあることを特徴とする。
図1に、本分離装置1の基本的な構成を、要部を強調して模式的に示す。従って、図1に示す各構成要素の寸法比と実際の寸法比とは必ずしも一致するものではない。
CO2 + H2O + CO3 2- ⇔ 2HCO3 -
CO2 + CsOH → CsHCO3
CsHCO3 + CsOH → Cs2CO3 + H2O
CO2 + 2CsOH → Cs2CO3 + H2O
次に、本分離装置の製造方法の一実施形態について説明する。本分離装置の製造方法は、選択透過膜10を製造する工程と、製造された選択透過膜10を筐体20内に固定する工程に大別される。先ず、選択透過膜10の製造工程の一例を説明する。
次に、本分離装置1の実施例のサンプルS1、本分離装置1の比較例1のサンプルC1に対して、選択透過膜10の膜性能の評価を行った結果を説明する。
次に、本分離装置1の実施例のサンプルS2、本分離装置1の比較例2のサンプルC2に対して、選択透過膜10の膜性能の評価を行った結果を説明する。
以下に、別実施形態について説明する。
CO + H2O ⇔ CO2 + H2
10: 選択透過膜
11: 親水性多孔膜
12: 分離機能層
13: 第1保護膜(疎水性多孔膜)
14: 第2保護膜(疎水性多孔膜)
20: 筐体
21: 第1処理室
21a: 第1送入口
21b: 第1排出口
22: 第2処理室
22a: 第2送入口
22b: 第2排出口
FG: 混合ガス
EG: 処理後ガス
MG: 排出ガス
PG: 透過ガス
SG: スイープガス
Claims (16)
- 被分離ガスを選択的に透過する分離機能層を有する選択透過膜と、前記選択透過膜によって隔てられた第1処理室と第2処理室を備えて構成されるガス分離装置を使用し、
前記被分離ガスを含む混合ガスを前記第1処理室に供給、或いは、前記第1処理室内で生成し、前記被分離ガスを前記選択透過膜の前記第1処理室側から前記第2処理室側に透過させることにより、前記混合ガスから前記被分離ガスを分離するガス分離方法であって、
前記選択透過膜が、親水性多孔膜と、前記親水性多孔膜に支持された前記分離機能層と、前記分離機能層上に貼合された疎水性多孔膜の第1保護膜とを、順番に積層した積層構造を有し、
前記分離機能層が、水分を含む親水性ポリマーのゲル層を備えて構成され、
前記第1処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記親水性多孔膜側に設けられ、前記第2処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記第1保護膜側に設けられていることを特徴とするガス分離方法。 - 前記親水性多孔膜の前記第1処理室側が、疎水性多孔膜からなる第2保護膜で被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス分離方法。
- 前記疎水性多孔膜が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリイミド、及び、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの内の少なくとも何れか1つを含んで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のガス分離方法。
- 前記親水性多孔膜が、ポリカーボネート、ポリセルロースエステル、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、及び、前記疎水性多孔膜の親水化処理膜の内の少なくとも何れか1つを含んで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のガス分離方法。
- 前記親水性ポリマーが、ポリアクリル酸を主成分として含むポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のガス分離方法。
- 前記被分離ガスが二酸化炭素であり、
前記分離機能層が、前記ゲル層中に前記混合ガス中の二酸化炭素と選択的に反応するCO2キャリアを含むCO2促進輸送膜であることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のガス分離方法。 - 前記第1処理室と前記第2処理室の間の圧力差を300kPa以上に調整することを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載のガス分離方法。
- 被分離ガスを選択的に透過する分離機能層を有する選択透過膜と、前記選択透過膜によって隔てられた第1処理室と第2処理室を備えて構成され、
前記被分離ガスを含む混合ガスを前記第1処理室に供給、或いは、前記第1処理室内で生成し、前記被分離ガスを前記選択透過膜の前記第1処理室側から前記第2処理室側に透過させることにより、前記混合ガスから前記被分離ガスを分離するガス分離装置であって、
前記選択透過膜が、親水性多孔膜と、前記親水性多孔膜に支持された前記分離機能層と、前記分離機能層上に貼合された疎水性多孔膜の第1保護膜とを、順番に積層した積層構造を有し、
前記分離機能層が、水分を含む親水性ポリマーのゲル層を備えて構成され、
前記第1処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記分離機能層より前記親水性多孔膜側にあり、
前記第2処理室が、前記選択透過膜の前記分離機能層より前記第1保護膜側にあることを特徴とするガス分離装置。 - 前記親水性多孔膜の前記第1処理室側が、疎水性多孔膜からなる第2保護膜で被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記疎水性多孔膜が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリイミド、及び、ポリフッ化ビニリデンの内の少なくとも何れか1つを含んで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記親水性多孔膜が、ポリカーボネート、ポリセルロースエステル、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、及び、前記疎水性多孔膜の親水化処理膜の内の少なくとも何れか1つを含んで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項8~10の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記親水性ポリマーが、ポリアクリル酸を主成分として含むポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項8~11の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記被分離ガスが二酸化炭素であり、
前記分離機能層が、前記ゲル層中に前記混合ガス中の二酸化炭素と選択的に反応するCO2キャリアを含むCO2促進輸送膜であることを特徴とする請求項8~12の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。 - 前記第1処理室と前記第2処理室の間の圧力差を300kPa以上に調整する圧力調整装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項8~13の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記第1処理室と前記第2処理室を構成する筐体の外側に、前記第1処理室と前記第2処理室を前記外側から区別可能な識別表示が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項8~14の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記第1処理室内に、前記第1処理室に供給される原料ガスから前記被分離ガスを含む前記混合ガスを生成する反応を進行させる触媒が存在することを特徴とする請求項8~15の何れか1項に記載のガス分離装置。
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