WO2022015062A1 - 배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 팩, 에너지 저장 시스템 및 배터리 관리 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 팩, 에너지 저장 시스템 및 배터리 관리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022015062A1 WO2022015062A1 PCT/KR2021/009065 KR2021009065W WO2022015062A1 WO 2022015062 A1 WO2022015062 A1 WO 2022015062A1 KR 2021009065 W KR2021009065 W KR 2021009065W WO 2022015062 A1 WO2022015062 A1 WO 2022015062A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/364—Battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/84—Control of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for detecting abnormalities in battery cells.
- cell information eg, voltage, current, temperature
- the use state of the battery cell eg, charging, discharging, rest
- a method of detecting whether a battery cell is abnormal is used.
- abnormality of a battery cell is detected based on whether the cell information of the battery cell changes rapidly in a short period of time.
- the cell information of the abnormal battery cell does not necessarily change rapidly in a short period of time and may show a tendency to gradually change over a long period of time, the abnormality of the battery cell may not be detected at an appropriate time.
- the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and a battery management system, a battery management method, a battery pack, and An object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage system.
- the present invention generates an observation matrix, which is a data set including a plurality of observed voltage vectors representing changes in cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells, and then includes at least one of a plurality of principal components of the observation matrix.
- a battery management system, a battery management method, a battery pack, and an energy storage system that accurately detect abnormalities in each battery cell from the difference between the data set before and after restoration after restoring the observation matrix using the principal components. aim to
- a battery management system is for detecting an abnormality in each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
- the battery management system includes: a voltage measurement circuit configured to generate a voltage signal indicative of a cell voltage of each battery cell; and a control unit.
- the control unit determines, based on the voltage signal, an observation matrix including a plurality of observed voltage vectors representing voltage histories of each of the plurality of battery cells measured a plurality of times in time series within a moving window having a predetermined size. is configured to The control unit is configured to determine a restoration matrix including a plurality of restored voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observed voltage vectors on a one-to-one basis.
- the controller may be configured to extract a first sub-matrix, a second sub-matrix, and a third sub-matrix from the observation matrix by using a matrix decomposition algorithm.
- the first sub-matrix is an orthogonal matrix including a plurality of principal component vectors indicating variance information of the observation matrix.
- the second sub-matrix is a diagonal matrix including a plurality of singular values indicating explanatory power information of the plurality of principal component vectors with respect to the variance information.
- the third sub-matrix is an orthogonal matrix including a plurality of coefficient vectors indicating dependence information of the plurality of observed voltage vectors on the plurality of principal component vectors.
- the control unit may be configured to select at least one singular value from among the plurality of singular values by using a predetermined restoration condition.
- the control unit is configured to transform the first sub-matrix, the second sub-matrix, and the third sub-matrix into a first approximation matrix, a second approximation matrix, and a third approximation matrix, respectively, based on the selected at least one singular value. can be configured.
- the controller may be configured to determine the plurality of restored voltage vectors by multiplying the first approximation matrix, the second approximation matrix, and the third approximation matrix.
- the controller may be configured to select a threshold number of each singular value in an order of magnitude from among the plurality of singular values.
- the ratio of the k-th singular value to the sum of the plurality of singular values is greater than or equal to a first threshold ratio, and the ratio of the u-th singular value to the sum of the plurality of singular values is less than the first threshold ratio , may be configured to select first to kth singular values from among the plurality of singular values.
- k is a natural number less than n
- u is k+1
- n is the total number of the plurality of battery cells
- the kth singular value is the kth largest singular value among the plurality of singular values.
- the first to qth singular values may be selected from among the plurality of singular values.
- q is a natural number of 2 or more and less than n
- p is q-1
- n is the total number of the plurality of battery cells
- the qth singular value is the qth largest singular value among the plurality of singular values.
- the controller may be configured to detect that each battery cell corresponding to each absolute error vector including at least one component out of a predetermined absolute error range among the plurality of absolute error vectors is abnormal.
- the controller may be configured to determine a relative error range based on the plurality of absolute error vectors.
- the controller may be configured to detect that each battery cell corresponding to each absolute error vector including at least one component out of the relative error range among the plurality of absolute error vectors is abnormal.
- the controller may be configured to output a fault message indicating that recovery is impossible when a ratio of a maximum value to a minimum value among the plurality of singular values is less than a set ratio.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery management system.
- An energy storage system includes the battery pack.
- a battery management method is to detect an abnormality in each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
- the battery management method may include: determining an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors representing voltages of the plurality of battery cells measured a plurality of times in time series within a moving window having a predetermined size; determining a restoration matrix including a plurality of restored voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observed voltage vectors one-to-one; determining a plurality of absolute error vectors representing differences between the plurality of observed voltage vectors and the plurality of restored voltage vectors; and detecting abnormalities of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of absolute error vectors.
- the cell voltage excluding the current or temperature is used, so that the amount of calculation, time, and power required for detecting the abnormality can be reduced.
- an observation matrix which is a data set including a plurality of observed voltage vectors representing changes in cell voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells with time.
- the observation matrix is reconstructed using at least one principal component among the plurality of principal components of the observation matrix, and then the abnormality of each of a plurality of battery cells is accurately detected by using the difference between the data set before and after the restoration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram exemplarily showing the configuration of an energy storage system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph exemplarily showing a change in cell voltage of a battery cell with time.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram referenced in explaining an exemplary observation matrix as a data set representing the voltage history of the battery cell shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram referenced for explaining an exemplary reconstruction matrix as a result of reconstructing the observation matrix of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram referenced for explaining a voltage change indicated by an observation matrix and a voltage change indicated by a restoration matrix.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram referenced for explaining an error between the observation matrix and the reconstruction matrix shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit> means a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an energy storage system 1 according to the present invention.
- an energy storage system 1 includes a battery pack 10 , a switch 20 , and a power conversion system 30 .
- the battery pack 10 includes a positive terminal P+, a negative terminal P-, a cell group 11 and a battery management system 100 .
- the cell group 11 includes a plurality of battery cells BC 1 to BC n electrically connected in series between the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P-.
- Reference numeral n denotes a natural number equal to or greater than 2 indicating the total number of a plurality of battery cells.
- reference numeral 'BC' will be used to refer to a battery cell.
- each battery cell BC is electrically coupled to another battery cell BC through a conductor such as a bus bar.
- the battery cell BC may be a lithium ion battery cell.
- the type of the battery cell BC is not particularly limited.
- the switch 20 is installed in the power line PL for the battery pack 10 . While the switch 20 is on, power transfer from one of the battery pack 10 and the power conversion system 30 to another is possible.
- the switch 20 may be implemented by combining any one or two or more of known switching devices such as a relay, a Field Effect Transistor (FET), and the like.
- the controller 140 may turn on/off the switch 20 according to the state of the cell group 11 .
- the power conversion system 30 is operatively coupled to the battery management system 100 via the upper controller 2 .
- the power conversion system 30 may generate DC power for charging the cell group 11 from AC power supplied by the electrical system 40 .
- the power conversion system 30 may generate AC power from DC power from the battery pack 10 .
- the battery management system 100 includes a voltage measuring circuit 110 and a controller 140 .
- the battery management system 100 may further include at least one of a current sensor 120 , a temperature measurement unit 130 , and an interface unit 150 .
- the voltage measuring circuit 110 is provided to be electrically connectable to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of each battery cell BC.
- the voltage measuring circuit 110 is configured to measure the voltage across both ends of each battery cell BC and output a signal representing the measured voltage to the controller 140 .
- the current sensor 120 is electrically connected in series to the cell group 11 through a power line PL.
- a shunt resistor or a Hall effect element may be used as the current sensor 120 .
- the current sensor 120 is configured to measure a current flowing through the cell group 11 and output a signal representing the measured current to the controller 140 .
- the temperature sensor 130 is disposed in an area within a predetermined distance from the cell group 11 .
- a thermocouple or the like may be used as the temperature sensor 130 .
- the temperature sensor 130 is configured to measure the temperature of the cell group 11 and output a signal indicating the measured temperature to the controller 140 .
- the control unit 140 is operatively coupled to the switch 20 , the voltage measurement circuit 110 , the current sensor 120 , the temperature sensor 130 , and/or the interface unit 150 .
- the controller 140 in hardware, ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), microprocessors (microprocessors) and may be implemented using at least one of electrical units for performing other functions.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- microprocessors microprocessors
- the controller 140 may have a built-in memory.
- a program and various data necessary for executing battery management methods according to embodiments to be described later may be stored in the memory in advance.
- the memory is, for example, a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a solid state disk type, an SDD type (Silicon Disk Drive type), and a multimedia card micro type.
- RAM random access memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- PROM programmable read-only memory It may include a type of storage medium.
- the interface unit 150 may be communicatively coupled to the upper controller 2 of the energy storage system 1 .
- the interface unit 150 may transmit a message from the upper controller 2 to the controller 140 , and may transmit a message from the controller 140 to the upper controller 2 .
- the message from the controller 140 may include information for notifying an abnormality of each battery cell BC.
- Communication between the interface unit 150 and the upper controller 2 includes, for example, a local area network (LAN), a controller area network (CAN), a wired network such as a daisy chain, and/or a short distance such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wi-Fi.
- LAN local area network
- CAN controller area network
- wired network such as a daisy chain
- a short distance such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wi-Fi.
- a wireless network may be utilized.
- the interface unit 150 may include an output device (eg, a display, a speaker) that provides information received from the control unit 140 and/or the upper controller 2 in a user-recognizable form.
- the upper controller 2 based on the cell information (eg, cell voltage, current, temperature, SOC, abnormality of each battery cell) collected through communication with the battery management system 100, the power conversion system 30 can be controlled.
- FIG. 2 is a graph exemplarily showing changes in cell voltage of a battery cell with time
- FIG. 3 is referenced in explaining an exemplary observation matrix as a data set representing the voltage history of the battery cell shown in FIG. It is a drawing.
- the control unit 140 determines the voltage value of the cell voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (BC 1 ⁇ BC n ), the determined voltage value write to memory
- the set time may be the same as a time length of a period (timing) for abnormal detection, which will be described later.
- the controller 140 uses the moving window 200 having a predetermined size to indicate a change in cell voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells BC 1 to BC n measured for each set time in the moving window 200 .
- An observation matrix (X) including a plurality of observation voltage vectors (X 1 to X n ) is determined.
- the size of the moving window 200 may be predetermined or adjustable by the controller 140 .
- the curve 210 exemplarily shows a change in the cell voltage of the j- th battery cell BC j among the plurality of battery cells BC 1 to BC n over time.
- t 1 and t m of FIG. 2 are a start time and an end time of the moving window 200, respectively.
- the curve 210 may be based on a cell voltage measured when the j-th battery cell BC j is in an abnormal state.
- the abnormal state may be, for example, a state that causes an abnormal behavior of the cell voltage, such as an internal short circuit.
- the observation matrix X is an m ⁇ n matrix including m rows and n columns.
- n is a natural number of 1 or more and m or less
- j is a natural number of 1 or more and n or less.
- the n column vectors of the observation matrix X may correspond one-to-one to the plurality of observation voltage vectors X 1 to X n . That is, each of the plurality of observation voltage vectors X 1 to X n is a column vector of the observation matrix X having m elements (measured values of cell voltages).
- the j-th observed voltage vector (X j ) is a chronological arrangement of the cell voltages of the j- th battery cell (BC j ) measured m times within the moving window 200 , that is, the j-th battery cell (BC j ). is a time series of measurements of the cell voltage of
- the j-th observation voltage vector (X j ) may be a j-th column vector of the observation matrix (X).
- the controller 140 may extract the first sub-matrix (A), the second sub-matrix (B), and the third sub-matrix (C T ) from the observation matrix (X) using matrix decomposition.
- matrix decomposition for example, singular value decomposition (SVD), principal component analysis (PCA), or the like can be used.
- the symbol 'T' written as a superscript to the right of the matrix means a transposed matrix.
- the product of the first sub-matrix (A), the second sub-matrix (B) and the third sub-matrix (C T ) is equal to the observation matrix (X).
- the first sub-matrix A is an m ⁇ m matrix.
- the second sub-matrix B is an m ⁇ n matrix.
- the third sub-matrix C T is an n ⁇ n matrix.
- the first sub-matrix A is an orthogonal matrix and includes a plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A m .
- Each principal component vector of the plurality of principal component vectors (A 1 to A m ) may be referred to as a 'left singular vector', and may be a column vector of the first sub-matrix (A) having m elements. have. That is, the first sub-matrix A may be expressed as follows.
- the principal component vectors A 1 to A n represent variance information of the observation matrix X .
- the remaining principal component vectors A n+1 to A m of the plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A m may be redundant in the description of the variance information of the observation vector X .
- the j-th principal component vector (A j ) corresponds to the direction of the axis in which the variance of the elements of the observation matrix X appears to be the j-th largest.
- the j-th greater the dispersion of the size of the principal component vector (A j), the j-th principal component vectors (A j) means that the greater the explanatory power for the distribution state of the elements of the observation matrix (X).
- the explanatory power is weakened, that is, more information about the noise characteristic (eg, an ideal state) is retained.
- the second sub-matrix B is a diagonal matrix, and includes a plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn as main diagonal elements. That is, the second sub-matrix B may be expressed as follows.
- b ij is 0.
- b jj is the j-th singular value.
- the singular value b jj of the second sub-matrix B represents the explanatory power of the j- th principal component vector A j .
- the plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn may satisfy the following relationship. b 11 ⁇ b 22 ⁇ ... ⁇ b nn ⁇ 0. That is, the plurality of singular values (b 11 ⁇ b nn ) may be referred to as 1st to nth singular values in the order of magnitude, and b jj is plural. It may be the j-th largest singular value among the singular values (b 11 ⁇ b nn ) of .
- the plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn represents explanatory power information of the plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A n .
- the third sub-matrix C T is an orthogonal matrix and includes a plurality of coefficient vectors C 1 T to C n T .
- Each coefficient vector of the plurality of coefficient vectors (C 1 T ⁇ C n T ) may be referred to as a 'right singular vector', and has n components, a row of the third sub-matrix (C T ) It can be a vector.
- the third sub-matrix C T may be expressed as follows.
- the plurality of coefficient vectors C 1 T to C n T indicates dependence information of the plurality of observed voltage vectors X 1 to X n on the plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A n . That is, how strongly the cell voltage of the j-th battery cell BC j is affected by the j- th principal component vector A j among the plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A n is determined by the j-th coefficient vector C j T ).
- the observation matrix (X) is equal to the product of the first sub-matrix (A), the second sub-matrix (B), and the third sub-matrix (C T ), and may satisfy the relationship by Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 A j is treated as a (m ⁇ 1) matrix, and C j T is treated as a (1 ⁇ n) matrix.
- Controller 140 a plurality of observed voltage vector (X 1 ⁇ X n) on the basis of a plurality of observed voltage vector (X 1 ⁇ X n), one days plurality of restoring voltage vector (X 1 ' ⁇ X n corresponding to the ' ) is determined.
- the controller 140 selects one or more and fewer than n singular values satisfying a predetermined restoration condition(s) from among the plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn .
- the restoration condition is to acquire at least one singular value to be used for approximating (reconstructing) the observation matrix X from among the n singular values b 11 to b nn .
- Restoration conditions may be as follows.
- the threshold number may be selected a specific value (b 11 ⁇ b rr) of the plurality of singular values (b 11 ⁇ b nn) when it is a natural number less than n r.
- a singular value (b 11 ⁇ b kk ) may be selected.
- the controller 140 uses a set of selected singular values to observe a plurality of observations. By approximating the voltage vectors (X 1 to X n ), a plurality of restored voltage vectors (X 1 ' to X n ' ) may be determined.
- the controller 140 determines the ratio of the maximum value (b 11 ) to the minimum value (b nn ) of the plurality of singular values (b 11 to b nn ). can be calculated. When the ratio of the maximum value b 11 to the minimum value b nn is less than a predetermined set ratio (eg, 200%), the controller 140 may output a fault message indicating that recovery is impossible.
- a predetermined set ratio eg, 200%
- the controller 140 may increase the size of the moving window 200 by a predetermined time in the next period.
- the reason for increasing the size of the moving window 200 is to sufficiently reflect the common voltage behavior characteristics of the plurality of battery cells BC 1 to BC n in the observation vector X.
- the singular value b 11 ⁇ b ww is selected from among the plurality of singular values b 11 ⁇ b nn according to the restoration condition(s).
- the remaining singular values excluding the singular value of interest are singular values lacking in correlation with common voltage behavior characteristics of the plurality of battery cells BC 1 to BC n .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram referenced for explaining an exemplary reconstruction matrix as a result of reconstructing the observation matrix of FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is a diagram referenced for explaining a voltage change indicated by the observation matrix and a voltage change indicated by the reconstruction matrix.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram referenced to explain an error between the observation matrix and the reconstruction matrix shown in FIG. 5 .
- the controller 140 controls a first sub-matrix (A), a second sub-matrix (B), and a third sub-matrix (C T ) based on the singular value of interest ( b 11 ⁇ b ww ). may be transformed into a first approximation matrix (A'), a second approximation matrix (B'), and a third approximation matrix (C T '), respectively.
- the first approximation matrix A′ is an m ⁇ w matrix including each of the first to the wth principal component vectors A 1 to A w of the first sub-matrix A as a column vector. That is, the first approximation matrix A' is the same as the result of removing the principal component vectors A w+1 to A n from the first sub-matrix A.
- the second approximation matrix B' is a w ⁇ w matrix including the singular values of interest b 11 to b ww as main diagonal components. That is, the second approximation matrix B' is the same as the result of changing the remaining main diagonal components of the second sub-matrix B to 0 except for the singular values of interest b 11 to b ww .
- the third approximation matrix C T ′ is a w ⁇ n matrix including each of the first to wth coefficient vectors C 1 T to C w T of the third sub-matrix C T as row vectors. That is, the third approximation matrix C T ′ is the same as the result of removing the row vectors C w+1 T to C n T from the third sub-matrix C T .
- the control unit 140 based on the first approximation matrix (A'), the second approximation matrix (B'), and the third approximation matrix (C T '), a plurality of restored voltage vectors (X 1 ' to X n ') ) can be determined. Specifically, the controller 140 may determine the reconstruction matrix X' by multiplying the first approximation matrix A', the second approximation matrix B', and the third approximation matrix C T '.
- the reconstruction matrix (X') is the first to wth principal component vectors (A 1 to A w ) corresponding to the singular values of interest (b 11 to b ww ) among the first to mth principal component vectors (A 1 to A m ) This is the result of reconstructing the observation matrix (X) using only .
- the restoration matrix X' is an m ⁇ n matrix, and includes a plurality of restoration voltage vectors X 1 ' to X n ' as column vectors.
- the restoration matrix X' may satisfy the relation expressed by Equation 2 below.
- Equation 2 A j is treated as a (m ⁇ 1) matrix, and C j T is treated as a (1 ⁇ n) matrix.
- the controller 140 detects an abnormality in the j- th battery cell BC j based on the observed voltage vector X j and the restored voltage vector X j ' corresponding to each other.
- the controller 140 may determine first to nth absolute error vectors corresponding to the first to nth battery cells BC 1 to BC n on a one-to-one basis.
- the j-th absolute error vector corresponds to the difference between the j-th observed voltage vector (X j ) and the j-th restored voltage vector (X j ' ).
- a curve 610 of FIG. 6 represents a jth absolute error vector. That is, the curve 610 shows the change with time of the difference between the curve 510 and the curve 520 .
- the j-th absolute error vector 610 includes each of the first to m-th voltage differences ⁇ V 1j to ⁇ V mj as a component.
- the i-th voltage difference ( ⁇ V ij) is the difference between the observed voltage vector (X j) the i-th element (x ij), and restore the voltage vector (X j '), the i-th element (x ij') of the other words, (x ij - x ij ' ).
- the i-th element (x ij ) represents a cell voltage of the j- th battery cell BC j measured in the i-th within the moving window 200 .
- the ith element (x ij ' ) represents the restoration result of the ith element (x ij ).
- the center of the relative error range R 2 may be an average of elements of the first to n-th absolute error vectors indexed at the corresponding measurement timing.
- the upper limit of the relative error range R 2 may be a value obtained by adding a product of a standard deviation of the elements of the first to nth absolute error vectors and a predetermined weight (eg, 3) to the center.
- the lower limit of the relative error range R 2 may be a value obtained by subtracting a product of the standard deviation of the components of the first to nth absolute error vectors from the center and a predetermined weight (eg, 3).
- the controller 140 compares each element of the j-th absolute error vector with at least one of a predetermined absolute error range R 1 and a relative error range R 2 to determine whether the j- th battery cell BC j is abnormal. It can be determined whether
- the controller 140 may control the j-th battery cell BC j ) can be detected as abnormal.
- the absolute error range (R 1 ) may be predetermined, such as -1.0 to 1.0 mV, in consideration of the voltage resolution of the voltage measuring circuit 110 .
- control unit 140 at least one of the first to m-th elements ( ⁇ V 1j to ⁇ V mj ) of the j-th absolute error vector is the absolute error range (R 1 ) and the relative error range (R 2 ) at the same time If it is out, it may be detected that the j-th battery cell BC j is abnormal.
- the controller 140 may perform a predetermined protection operation when an abnormality in at least one battery cell BC is detected. For example, when it is determined that the j-th battery cell BC j is abnormal, the controller 140 may turn off the switch 20 .
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The method of FIG. 7 may be repeated every set time.
- step S710 the controller 140 determines an observation matrix X including a plurality of observation voltage vectors X 1 to X n .
- the plurality of observed voltage vectors (X 1 to X n ) indicate voltage histories of each of the plurality of battery cells (BC 1 to BC n ) in the moving window 200 having a predetermined size.
- step S720 the control unit 140, using a matrix decomposition algorithm, a first sub-matrix (A) including a plurality of principal component vectors (A 1 to A m ) from the observation matrix (X), a plurality of principal component vectors ( A 1 ⁇ A n ) A second sub-matrix (B) including a plurality of singular values (b 11 ⁇ b nn ) representing each explanatory power and a second sub-matrix (B) including a plurality of coefficient vectors (C 1 T ⁇ C n T ) 3 Extract the sub-matrix (C T ).
- A including a plurality of principal component vectors (A 1 to A m ) from the observation matrix (X), a plurality of principal component vectors ( A 1 ⁇ A n )
- the controller 140 applies a matrix decomposition algorithm to the observation matrix X, and converts the observation matrix X into the first sub-matrix A, the second sub-matrix B, and the third sub-matrix C T ) in the form of a product of
- step S730 the controller 140 selects at least one of the plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn of the second sub-matrix B. At least one of the above-described restoration conditions may be used to select the singular value.
- step S740 the controller 140, based on the at least one selected singular value b 11 to b ww , the first sub-matrix A, the second sub-matrix B, and the third sub-matrix C T ) into a first approximation matrix (A'), a second approximation matrix (B'), and a third approximation matrix (C T '), respectively.
- step S760 the controller 140 determines a plurality of absolute error vectors representing differences between the plurality of observed voltage vectors (X 1 to X n ) and the plurality of restored voltage vectors (X 1 ' to X n ').
- the plurality of absolute error vectors correspond one-to-one to the plurality of restored voltage vectors X 1 to X n .
- step S762 the controller 140 determines the relative error range R 2 based on the plurality of absolute error vectors. Since each absolute error vector has m elements, the controller 140 determines a vector of m relative error ranges (R 2 ), that is, relative error ranges (R 2 ) corresponding to the m elements of each absolute error vector. can Step S762 may optionally be eliminated from the method of FIG. 7 .
- step S770 the controller 140 determines whether at least one element of each absolute error vector is outside a predetermined absolute error range R 1 and/or a relative error range R 2 .
- a value of “Yes” in step S770 indicates that at least one battery cell BC is detected as abnormal.
- the controller 140 may determine that the j-th battery cell BC j is abnormal.
- step S780 the control unit 140 activates a predetermined protection operation.
- the controller 140 turns off the switch 20 .
- the controller 140 outputs a diagnostic message indicating information (eg, identification number) of each battery cell BC detected as abnormal.
- the interface unit 150 may transmit a diagnostic message to the upper controller 2 or output visual and/or audio information corresponding to the diagnostic message.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart exemplarily illustrating a battery management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- steps S810 to S880 are the same as steps S710 to S780 of FIG. 7 , and thus repeated description will be omitted.
- the method of FIG. 8 is different from the method of FIG. 7 in that it further includes steps S822 and S824.
- step S822 the control unit 140 determines whether the maximum ratio of the plurality of singular values b 11 to b nn is equal to or greater than a set ratio.
- the maximum ratio is a ratio of the maximum value (11 b) to the minimum value (b nn) of the plurality of singular values (b 11 ⁇ b nn).
- the value of step S822 is “No”, there is a principal component vector having sufficiently large explanatory power to be used for voltage restoration from the observation matrix X to the reconstruction matrix X' among the plurality of principal component vectors A 1 to A n . means not If the value of step S822 is "NO”, the method proceeds to step S824. If the value of step S822 is YES, the method proceeds to step S830.
- step S824 the control unit 140 outputs a fault message.
- the fault message indicates an unrecoverable situation for a plurality of observed voltage vectors.
- the interface unit 150 may transmit the fault message to the upper controller 2 or may output visual and/or audio information corresponding to the fault message.
- the embodiment of the present invention described above is not implemented only through the apparatus and method, and may be implemented through a program for realizing a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium in which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description of the above-described embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 직렬 연결된 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 이상을 검출하기 위한 배터리 관리 시스템이 있어서,각 배터리 셀의 셀 전압을 나타내는 전압 신호를 생성하도록 구성되는 전압 측정 회로; 및상기 전압 신호를 기초로, 소정의 사이즈를 가지는 무빙 윈도우 내에서 시계열적으로 복수회 측정된 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 전압 이력을 나타내는 복수의 관측 전압 벡터를 포함하는 관측 행렬을 결정하도록 구성되는 제어부를 포함하되,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 관측 전압 벡터에 일대일 대응하는 복수의 복원 전압 벡터를 포함하는 복원 행렬을 결정하고,상기 복수의 관측 전압 벡터 및 상기 복수의 복원 전압 벡터 간의 차이를 나타내는 복수의 절대 오차 벡터를 결정하고,상기 복수의 절대 오차 벡터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 이상을 검출하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,행렬 분해 알고리즘을 이용하여, 상기 관측 행렬로부터 제1 서브 행렬, 제2 서브 행렬 및 제3 서브 행렬을 추출하도록 구성되되,상기 제1 서브 행렬은, 상기 관측 행렬의 분산 정보를 나타내는 복수의 주성분 벡터를 포함하는 직교 행렬이고,상기 제2 서브 행렬은, 상기 분산 정보에 대한 상기 복수의 주성분 벡터의 설명력 정보를 나타내는 복수의 특이값을 포함하는 대각 행렬이고,상기 제3 서브 행렬은, 상기 복수의 주성분 벡터에 대한 상기 복수의 관측 전압 벡터의 의존도 정보를 나타내는 복수의 계수 벡터를 포함하는 직교 행렬이고,상기 제어부는,소정의 복원 조건을 이용하여, 상기 복수의 특이값 중 적어도 하나의 특이값을 선택하고,선택된 적어도 하나의 특이값을 기초로, 상기 제1 서브 행렬, 상기 제2 서브 행렬 및 상기 제3 서브 행렬을 각각 제1 근사 행렬, 제2 근사 행렬 및 제3 근사 행렬로 변환하고,상기 제1 근사 행렬, 상기 제2 근사 행렬 및 상기 제3 근사 행렬을 곱하여, 상기 복수의 복원 전압 벡터를 결정하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 특이값 중 크기가 큰 순서로 임계 개수의 특이값을 선택하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 특이값의 총합에 대한 제k 특이값의 비율이 제1 임계 비율 이상이고, 상기 복수의 특이값의 총합에 대한 제u 특이값의 비율이 상기 제1 임계 비율 미만인 경우, 상기 복수의 특이값 중 제1 내지 제k 특이값을 선택하도록 구성되되,k는 n 미만의 자연수이고, u는 k+1이며, n은 상기 복수의 배터리 셀의 총 개수이고, 상기 제k 특이값은 상기 복수의 특이값 중 k번째로 큰 특이값인 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 특이값의 총합에 대한 제1 내지 제q 특이값의 합의 비율이 제2 임계 비율 이상이고, 상기 복수의 특이값의 총합에 대한 제1 내지 제p 특이값의 합의 비율이 상기 제2 임계 비율 미만인 경우, 상기 복수의 특이값 중 상기 제1 내지 제q 특이값을 선택하도록 구성되되,q는 2 이상 n 미만의 자연수이고, p는 q-1이고, n은 상기 복수의 배터리 셀의 총 개수이고, 상기 제q 특이값은 상기 복수의 특이값 중 q번째로 큰 특이값인 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 절대 오차 벡터 중, 소정의 절대 오차 범위를 벗어나는 적어도 하나의 성분을 포함하는 각 절대 오차 벡터에 대응하는 각 배터리 셀이 이상인 것으로 검출하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 절대 오차 벡터를 기초로, 상대 오차 범위를 결정하고,상기 복수의 절대 오차 벡터 중, 상기 상대 오차 범위를 벗어나는 적어도 하나의 성분을 포함하는 각 절대 오차 벡터에 대응하는 각 배터리 셀이 이상인 것으로 검출하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 특이값 중 최소값에 대한 최대값의 비율이 설정 비율 미만인 경우, 복원 불능 상황임을 나타내는 폴트 메시지를 출력하도록 구성되는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 상기 배터리 관리 시스템을 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제9항에 따른 상기 배터리 팩을 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템.
- 직렬 연결된 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 이상을 검출하기 위한 배터리 관리 방법이 있어서,소정의 사이즈를 가지는 무빙 윈도우 내에서 시계열적으로 복수회 측정된 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 전압을 나타내는 복수의 관측 전압 벡터를 포함하는 관측 행렬을 결정하는 단계;상기 복수의 관측 전압 벡터에 일대일 대응하는 복수의 복원 전압 벡터를 포함하는 복원 행렬을 결정하는 단계;상기 복수의 관측 전압 벡터 및 상기 복수의 복원 전압 벡터 간의 차이를 나타내는 복수의 절대 오차 벡터를 결정하는 단계; 및상기 복수의 절대 오차 벡터를 기초로, 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 이상을 검출하는 단계를 포함하는 배터리 관리 방법.
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| JP2022541269A JP7416960B2 (ja) | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-14 | バッテリー管理装置、バッテリーパック、エネルギー貯蔵システム及びバッテリー管理方法 |
| CN202180008136.5A CN114945834B (zh) | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-14 | 电池管理系统、电池组、储能系统和电池管理方法 |
| ES21842313T ES2991598T3 (es) | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-14 | Dispositivo de gestión de baterías, paquete de baterías, sistema de almacenamiento de energía y método de gestión de baterías |
| EP21842313.5A EP4092434B1 (en) | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-14 | Battery management device, battery pack, energy storage system and battery management method |
| US17/790,391 US12320862B2 (en) | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-14 | Battery management system, battery pack, energy storage system and battery management method |
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| KR1020200087749A KR102701517B1 (ko) | 2020-07-15 | 2020-07-15 | 배터리 관리 장치, 배터리 팩, 에너지 저장 시스템 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
| KR10-2020-0087749 | 2020-07-15 |
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| EP (1) | EP4092434B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP7416960B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102701517B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN114945834B (ko) |
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| JP2025527639A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2025-08-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 電池の異常を検知する電子装置およびその動作方法 |
| JP2025527922A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2025-08-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリーの異常を感知する電子装置及びその動作方法 |
| CN120640168A (zh) * | 2025-08-04 | 2025-09-12 | 浙江晶科储能有限公司 | 储能系统的时钟同步方法、储能变换器和储能系统 |
| JP2025531242A (ja) * | 2022-09-16 | 2025-09-19 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー診断装置、バッテリー診断方法、バッテリーパック、及び自動車 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2025527639A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2025-08-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 電池の異常を検知する電子装置およびその動作方法 |
| JP2025527922A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2025-08-22 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリーの異常を感知する電子装置及びその動作方法 |
| JP7852807B2 (ja) | 2022-09-06 | 2026-04-28 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリーの異常を感知する電子装置及びその動作方法 |
| JP2025531242A (ja) * | 2022-09-16 | 2025-09-19 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー診断装置、バッテリー診断方法、バッテリーパック、及び自動車 |
| CN120640168A (zh) * | 2025-08-04 | 2025-09-12 | 浙江晶科储能有限公司 | 储能系统的时钟同步方法、储能变换器和储能系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12320862B2 (en) | 2025-06-03 |
| JP7416960B2 (ja) | 2024-01-17 |
| CN114945834B (zh) | 2025-06-13 |
| JP2023511028A (ja) | 2023-03-16 |
| US20230044388A1 (en) | 2023-02-09 |
| EP4092434B1 (en) | 2024-08-28 |
| EP4092434A1 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
| KR102701517B1 (ko) | 2024-08-30 |
| EP4092434A4 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
| HUE068721T2 (hu) | 2025-01-28 |
| KR20220009258A (ko) | 2022-01-24 |
| ES2991598T3 (es) | 2024-12-04 |
| CN114945834A (zh) | 2022-08-26 |
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