WO2022022608A1 - 一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法 - Google Patents
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0492—Applications, solvents used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/26—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/40—Mixtures
- C22B3/408—Mixtures using a mixture of phosphorus-based acid derivatives of different types
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of hydrometallurgy, in particular to a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater.
- Lithium is an important rare element, known as an "energy metal” and "an important element that drives the world forward". Lithium metal and its compounds have been widely used in the fields of electronics, metallurgy, chemical industry, medicine, nuclear energy, aerospace and energy. Lithium resources exist in the form of solid mines and salt lake brine. Due to the abundant lithium resources in salt lakes and low production costs, the current research on lithium extraction with relatively mature and large-scale production is the extraction of lithium from salt lakes.
- the extraction system includes an extraction agent, a co-extraction agent and a diluent, and the extraction agent is a phosphate ionic liquid containing a lithium-extracting functional group.
- the extraction systems that have undergone industrial experiments or have been applied to industrial production include amide extractants (N503, N523), neutral phosphine extractants TBP, and ketone extractants DIBK, all of which require the addition of ferric chloride as a Co-extracting agent, the extraction with ferric chloride as co-extracting agent needs to be carried out under acidic conditions to ensure the formation of FeCl 4 - and prevent the hydrolysis of Fe 3+ ; and the back-extraction of Li + requires a strong acid solution above 6 mol/L to cause equipment corrosion Serious, and emulsification phenomenon occurs during the use of FeCl ; the back extraction is difficult after the iron is combined with the organic, on the one hand, it will cause the organic density and viscosity to increase, and the phase separation is difficult (the centrifugal extractor is generally used to extract lithium from the salt lake, and the investment cost is high. ), on the other hand reduces the organic load.
- amide extractants N503, N523
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater, the lithium-containing solution comes from the sulfate raffinate wastewater generated in the ternary battery recovery process, and the method for extracting lithium does not need to add ferric chloride as a Co-extracting agent, the extraction system has good lithium-sodium selectivity, high loading capacity, short process flow, good system phase separation, no need for centrifugal extractor, low equipment investment, and has breakthrough significance in the battery recycling industry.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- the above-mentioned feed liquid is a sulfate system.
- sulfate system it is found that bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphonic acid and tributyl phosphate are used to synergistically extract lithium-containing wastewater, and the extraction rate is the highest.
- the lithium-containing wastewater in step (1) comes from sulfate raffinate wastewater after extraction of nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials.
- step (1) the pH of the lithium-containing wastewater is adjusted to 2-7.
- the Li + concentration of the lithium-containing wastewater in step (1) is 0.5-4.0 g/L.
- the Na + concentration of the lithium-containing wastewater in step (1) is 15-40 g/L.
- the organic phase in step (2) is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 10%-40% of extractant, 10%-40% of co-extracting agent and 20%-70% of diluent.
- the extractant is at least one of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid or phosphoric acid ester.
- the co-extracting agent is tributyl phosphate.
- the diluent is sulfonated kerosene.
- the saponification agent used in the saponification of the organic phase described in step (2) is sodium hydroxide.
- the organic phase after saponification described in the step (2) and the lithium-containing wastewater are extracted in a volume ratio of 1:(0.5-4).
- the consumption of the sodium hydroxide described in step (2) is 1-1.4 times of the Li + concentration in the waste water.
- the extraction temperature in step (2) is 10°C-50°C, and the extraction time is 1-10 min.
- the rotational speed of the shaking of the extraction in step (2) is 150-300 rpm, and the shaking time is 1-10 min.
- the extraction in step (2) adopts single-stage extraction or multi-stage countercurrent extraction.
- (1) combined extraction agent system of the present invention does not need to add ferric chloride as co-extracting agent, avoids the emulsification phenomenon that Fe 3+ hydrolysis causes to occur;
- the combined extraction agent system of the present invention has good lithium-sodium selectivity and high loading capacity, and through 4-stage countercurrent extraction, the Li in the wastewater can be reduced from 3.7g/L to 0.126g/L, and the extraction rate can reach 96.6%;
- the combined extractant system of the present invention has a short technological process, good phase separation, no need for a centrifugal extractor, and less equipment investment, which has breakthrough significance in the battery recycling industry.
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- Table 1 illustrates that in an acidic environment, the higher the pH, the higher the extraction rate of lithium.
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- the detection results of the content of lithium in the raffinate and the content of lithium in the organic phase are shown in Table 2.
- the total extraction rate of lithium is 96.6%.
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- the detection results of the content of lithium in the raffinate and the content of lithium in the organic phase are shown in Table 2.
- the total extraction rate of lithium is 79%.
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- the detection results of the content of lithium in the raffinate and the content of lithium in the organic phase are shown in Table 2.
- the total extraction rate of lithium is 86%.
- Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that the organic phase is prepared by mass percentage of 40% C272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphonic acid) and 60% sulfonated kerosene.
- Example 3 The difference from Example 3 is that the organic phase is made up of TBP (tributyl phosphate) and sulfonated kerosene at 20% and 80% by mass.
- TBP tributyl phosphate
- the detection results of the content of lithium in the raffinate are shown in Table 3.
- the extraction rate of the combination extractant to calcium is 58.6%
- the extraction rate of C272 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphonic acid) to Li is 58.6%.
- the extraction rate was 33%
- the extraction rate of Li by TBP (tributyl phosphate) was 2%.
- a method for recovering lithium from lithium-containing wastewater comprising the steps of:
- the extraction organic system is also suitable for the recovery of lithium in the hydrochloric acid system, and the extraction capacity of organic to the lithium of the two systems is not much different, but the hydrochloric acid system also needs to add ferric chloride as a co-extracting agent , the emulsification phenomenon caused by the hydrolysis of Fe 3+ will occur.
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- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于湿法冶金领域,公开了一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:(1)调节含锂废水的pH至酸性或中性;(2)先配制有机相,再皂化,加入含锂废水进行萃取,再分离出水相,即得含锂离子的负载有机相;所述调节含锂废水的pH的溶液为硫酸;所述有机相包括以下组分:萃取剂、协萃剂和稀释剂。本发明的组合萃取剂体系不需要加入三氯化铁作为共萃剂,避免Fe3+水解造成的乳化现象发生;本发明的组合萃取剂体系锂钠选择性好,负载量高,经4级逆流萃取,废水中的Li可以由3.7g/L降到0.126g/L,萃取率可以达到96.6%。
Description
本发明涉及湿法冶金领域,特别是涉及一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法。
锂是重要的稀有元素,被誉为“能源金属”和“推动世界前进的重要元素”。金属锂及其化合物在电子、冶金、化工、医药、核能、宇航和能源等领域已得到广泛的应用。锂资源的存在形式有固体矿和盐湖卤水,由于盐湖锂资源丰富,生产成本较低,所以目前研究比较成熟和规模化生产的提锂领域是盐湖中锂的提取。
科研工作者对锂的提取做了很多研究工作,开发了多种技术,包括沉淀煅烧法、膜分离技术、吸附技术、离子交换技术以及溶剂萃取技术。其中溶剂萃取技术处理量大,操作简单,污染小,从而得到广泛的研究与开发。1970年美国专利US3537813公开了一种溶剂萃取在高镁溶液中提取锂的方法,方法优选采用20%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和80%DIBK(二已丁基酮)为萃取剂,以Fe(Ⅲ)为共萃离子萃取锂,负载有机相洗涤后用水反萃铁和锂。反萃液中补加NaCl,用TBP和二乙基己基磷酸萃取铁,实现铁锂分离。流程采用了两个萃取反萃循环流程,操作过程铁难以控制,而且DIBK水溶性大,损失严重;1979年中国科学院青海盐湖研究所使用磷酸三丁酯-三氯化铁-煤油体系进行大柴旦盐湖卤水萃锂的扩大试验,得到纯度98.5%的无水氯化锂产品;2012年中国科学院上海有机化学所和中国科学院青海盐湖研究所研究了20%N235(N,N-二(2-乙基己基)乙酰胺)-30%TBP-50%磺化煤油体系从青海高镁锂比盐湖卤水中萃取锂的工艺,三级逆流萃取串级实验结果显示锂的萃取率达96%;专利CN108866352A提供了一种从盐湖卤水中萃取锂生产碳酸锂的工艺,萃取体系包括萃取剂、共萃剂和稀释剂,所述萃取剂为含萃锂功能性基团的磷酸酯类离子液体,萃取除油后的溶液先使用碳酸钠和氢氧化钠进行除镁,再用碳酸钠沉锂;该工艺用稀盐酸进行反萃,有机相仅用纯水洗涤即可再生,减少了皂化及除铁工序,简化了工艺路线,大大降低了生产成本。
目前国内进行过工业化实验或者已应用于工业化生产的萃取体系有酰胺类萃取剂(N503、N523)、中性膦类萃取剂TBP、酮类萃取剂DIBK,萃取体系均需要加入三氯化铁作为共萃剂,用三氯化铁作为共萃剂萃取需在酸性条件下进行,以保证FeCl
4
- 生成和防止Fe
3+水解;并且Li
+的反萃取要求6mol/L以上强酸溶液导致设备腐蚀严重,而且FeCl
3使用过程中有乳化现象发生;铁与有机结合后反萃困难,一方面会造成有机密度和粘度加大,分相困难(盐湖提锂一般会采用离心萃取机,投资成本高),另一方面会降低有机负载量。
因此,亟需提供一种萃取体系锂钠选择性好、负载量高、工艺流程短的回收锂的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,该含锂溶液来自三元电池回收过程中产生的硫酸盐萃余废水,该萃取锂的方法不需添加三氯化铁作为共萃剂,萃取体系锂钠选择性好,负载量高,工艺流程短,体系分相好不需要离心萃取机,设备投资少,在电池回收行业有突破性意义。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)调节含锂废水的pH至酸性或中性;
(2)先配制有机相,再皂化,加入含锂废水进行萃取,再分离出水相,即得含锂离子的负载有机相;所述调节含锂废水的pH的溶液为硫酸;所述有机相包括以下组分:萃取剂、协萃剂和稀释剂。
上述料液为硫酸盐体系,在硫酸盐体系中,发现采用双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸和磷酸三丁酯体协同萃取含锂废水,得到的萃取率最高。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述含锂废水来自镍钴锰三元材料萃取后的硫酸盐萃余废水。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述调节含锂废水的pH至2-7。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述含锂废水的Li
+浓度在0.5-4.0g/L。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述含锂废水的Na
+浓度在15-40g/L。
优选地,步骤(2)所述有机相由以下质量百分比的组分组成:萃取剂10%-40%、协萃剂10%-40%和稀释剂20%-70%。
优选地,所述萃取剂为双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸、膦酸或磷酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地,所述协萃剂为磷酸三丁酯。
优选地,所述稀释剂为磺化煤油。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述皂化有机相所用的皂化剂为氢氧化钠。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述皂化后的有机相与含锂废水是按体积比为1:(0.5-4)进行萃取。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述氢氧化钠的用量为废水中Li
+浓度的1-1.4倍。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述萃取的温度为10℃-50℃,萃取的时间1-10min。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述萃取的震荡的转速为150-300rpm,震荡的时间为1-10min。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述萃取采用的是单级萃取或多级逆流萃取。
本发明的优点:
(1)本发明的组合萃取剂体系不需要加入三氯化铁作为共萃剂,避免Fe
3+水解造成的乳化现象发生;
(2)本发明的组合萃取剂体系锂钠选择性好,负载量高,经4级逆流萃取,废水中的Li可以由3.7g/L降到0.126g/L,萃取率可以达到96.6%;
(3)本发明的组合萃取剂体系工艺流程短、分相好不需要离心萃取机,设备投资少,在电池回收行业有突破性意义。
为了对本发明进行深入的理解,下面结合实例对本发明优选实验方案进行描述,以进一步的说明本发明的特点和优点,任何不偏离本发明主旨的变化或者改变能够为本领域的技术人员理解,本发明的保护范围由所属权利要求范围确定。
实施例1
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为2.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按质量百分比为40%C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、20%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和40%磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.4倍用5mol/L的氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水100mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为40℃下萃取4min,静置分相即得含锂离子的有机相和萃余液。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表1所示,锂的单级萃取率为53.6%。
实施例2
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为4.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按质量百分比为40%C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、20%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和40%磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.4倍用5mol/L的氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,取100mL皂化后的有机相与含锂废水100mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为40℃下进行萃取4min,静置分相即得含锂离子的有机相和萃余液。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表1所示,锂的萃取率为56.7%。
实施例3
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)采用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为6.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按体积百分比为40%C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、20%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和40%磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.4倍用5mol/L氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水100mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为40℃下萃取4min,静置分相即得含锂离子的有机相和萃余液。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表1所示,锂的萃取率为58.6%。
表1 C272和TBP组合萃取剂在不同pH下对含锂废水的萃取
| 废水Li(g/L) | 废水pH | 萃余液Li(g/L) | 萃取率/% | |
| 实施例1 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 1.717 | 53.6 |
| 实施例2 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 1.600 | 56.7 |
| 实施例3 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 1.531 | 58.6 |
表1说明在酸性环境下,pH越高,锂的萃取率越高。
实施例4
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为2.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按质量百分比为20%的C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、10%的TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和70%的磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.4倍用5mol/L氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水50mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为30℃下萃取4min,静置分层10min,再进行分离出水相,如此进行4级逆流萃取模拟实验。
萃余液中锂的含量和有机相中锂含量检测结果如表2所示锂的总萃取率为96.6%。
实施例5
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为2.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按质量百分比为20%的C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、10%的TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和70%的磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.1倍用5mol/L氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水50mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为30℃下萃取4min,静置分层10min,再进行分离出水相,如此进行4级逆流萃取模拟实验。
萃余液中锂的含量和有机相中锂含量检测结果如表2所示锂的总萃取率为79%。
实施例6
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)用硫酸调节含锂废水的pH为2.0,检测其中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L;
(2)将按质量百分比为20%的C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、10%的TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和70%的磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.22倍用5mol/L氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水50mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为30℃下萃取4min,静置分层10min,再进行分离出水相,如此进行4级逆流萃取模拟实验。
萃余液中锂的含量和有机相中锂含量检测结果如表2所示锂的总萃取率为86%。
表2 C272和TBP组合萃取剂在不同皂化倍数下对含锂废水的多级萃取
由表2可得,皂化倍数越高,总萃取率越高。
对比例1
与实施例3不同的是有机相是由按质量百分比为40%C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)和60%磺化煤油配制而成。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表3所示。
对比例2
与实施例3不同的是有机相是由TBP(磷酸三丁酯)和磺化煤油按质量百分比为20%和80%配制而成。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表3所示。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表3所示,该组合萃取剂对钙的萃取率为58.6%,C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)对Li的萃取率为33%,TBP(磷酸三丁酯)对Li的萃取率为2%。
表3 C272和TBP组合萃取剂与单独C272或TBP萃取率对比
| 废水Li(g/L) | 萃余液Li(g/L) | 萃取率/% | |
| 实施例3 | 3.7 | 1.531 | 58.6 |
| 对比例1 | 3.7 | 2.439 | 33 |
| 对比例2 | 3.7 | 3.611 | 2 |
对比例3
一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制盐酸体系溶液,控制溶液中Li
+=3.7g/L,Na
+=21g/L,调节含锂废水的pH为6.0;
(2)将按体积百分比为40%C272(双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸)、20%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)、三氯化铁和40%磺化煤油配成有机相,取100mL有机相按含锂废水中锂浓度的1.4倍用5mol/L氢氧化钠皂化,皂化后不需分相,将皂化后有机相100mL与含锂废水100mL置于分液漏斗中,在转速为240rpm下进行震荡,在温度为40℃下萃取4min,静置分相即得含锂离子的有机相和萃余液。
萃余液中锂的含量检测结果如表4所示,锂的萃取率为59%。
表4 C272和TBP组合萃取剂在不同料液体系下对含锂废水的萃取
| 废水Li(g/L) | 萃余液Li(g/L) | 萃取率/% | |
| 实施例3 | 3.7 | 1.531 | 58.6 |
| 对比例3 | 3.7 | 1.517 | 59 |
从表4数据可以看出,该萃取有机体系同样适用于盐酸体系中锂的回收,有机对两个体系锂的萃取能力相差不大,但是采用盐酸体系还需要添加三氯化铁作为共萃剂,会出现Fe
3+水解造成的乳化现象发生。
以上对本发明提供的一种从高盐低锂废水中回收锂的方法进行了详细的介绍,本文中应用了具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只 是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,包括最佳方式,并且也使得本领域的任何技术人员都能够实践本发明,包括制造和使用任何装置或系统,和实施任何结合的方法。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。本发明专利保护的范围通过权利要求来限定,并可包括本领域技术人员能够想到的其他实施例。如果这些其他实施例具有不是不同于权利要求文字表述的结构要素,或者如果它们包括与权利要求的文字表述无实质差异的等同结构要素,那么这些其他实施例也应包含在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)调节含锂废水的pH为酸性或中性;(2)先配制有机相,再皂化,加入含锂废水进行萃取,再分离出水相,即得含锂离子的负载有机相;所述调节含锂废水的pH的溶液为硫酸;所述有机相包括以下组分:萃取剂、协萃剂和稀释剂。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述含锂废水来自镍钴锰三元材料萃取后的硫酸盐萃余废水。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述含锂废水主要含有Li +、Na +和SO 4 2-;所述含锂废水的Li +浓度在0.5-4.0g/L;所述含锂废水的Na +浓度在15-40g/L。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述有机相由以下质量百分比的组分组成:萃取剂10%-40%、协萃剂10%-40%和稀释剂20%-70%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述萃取剂为双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸、膦酸或磷酸酯中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述协萃剂为磷酸三丁酯。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稀释剂为磺化煤油。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述皂化采用的溶液为氢氧化钠;步骤(2)所述皂化后的有机相与含锂废水是按体积比为1:(0.5-4)进行萃取。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述萃取的温度为10℃-50℃,萃取的时间2-8min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述萃取采用的是单级萃取或多级逆流萃取。
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| CN115818732A (zh) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-03-21 | 中南大学 | 一种红土镍矿高压浸出液中镍钴锰共同萃取直接制备三元前驱体的方法 |
| CN116639712A (zh) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-08-25 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | 一种废旧动力电池黑粉中锂元素的快速选择性提取方法 |
| CN117448571A (zh) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种选择性提锂的复合萃取剂及方法 |
| WO2026019960A1 (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2026-01-22 | Austin Elements, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing high purity lithium carbonate |
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| CN111945017B (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南邦普循环科技有限公司 | 一种从含锂废水中回收锂的方法 |
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| WO2026019960A1 (en) * | 2024-07-16 | 2026-01-22 | Austin Elements, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing high purity lithium carbonate |
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| ES3035286T3 (en) | 2025-09-01 |
| CN111945017B (zh) | 2023-03-07 |
| EP4190926B1 (en) | 2025-06-04 |
| EP4190926A4 (en) | 2023-11-08 |
| MA60783B1 (fr) | 2025-06-30 |
| CN111945017A (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
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| EP4190926A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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