WO2022035040A1 - 전기화학 소자용 분리막 - Google Patents
전기화학 소자용 분리막 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022035040A1 WO2022035040A1 PCT/KR2021/007720 KR2021007720W WO2022035040A1 WO 2022035040 A1 WO2022035040 A1 WO 2022035040A1 KR 2021007720 W KR2021007720 W KR 2021007720W WO 2022035040 A1 WO2022035040 A1 WO 2022035040A1
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- metal salt
- separator
- electrolyte
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- composite separator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, and specifically, an electrochemical device capable of exhibiting improved flame retardancy and/or improved ionic conductivity, and an electrochemical device having a high concentration electrolyte together with or independently thereof It relates to a separator for a device.
- the separator prevents a short circuit by preventing physical contact between the two electrodes in the electrochemical device and at the same time provides a path for ions to pass through. It provides a closure function to block the stoma.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a separator having excellent flame retardancy.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a separator having improved thermal stability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane having improved ionic conductivity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a separator having excellent liquid electrolyte wettability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a separator capable of implementing an electrochemical cell provided with a high-concentration liquid electrolyte.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical cell having improved at least one property of flame retardancy, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, electrolyte wettability, and productivity, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a coating solution for use in the manufacture of an electrochemical cell having improved one or more properties of flame retardancy, thermal stability, ionic conductivity, electrolyte wettability, and productivity.
- the composite separator according to the present invention is for an electrochemical device, and includes a porous substrate; and crystalline metal salts.
- the metal salt may include a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group.
- the porous substrate may include a porous film, and the metal salt may be located on the surface of the porous film.
- the porous substrate includes: a porous film; and a porous coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous film, and the metal salt may be positioned in one or more regions of the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer, the inside of the porous coating layer, and the surface of the porous coating layer.
- the porous coating layer may include inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles, or mixed particles thereof.
- the metal salt containing a sulfonyl group may be any one or more selected from compounds satisfying the following Chemical Formulas 1 to 4.
- a + is a monovalent cation
- R 1 is F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, or C n F 2n +1 (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1).
- a 2+ is a divalent cation
- R 1 is F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, or C n F 2n +1 (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1).
- a + is a monovalent cation
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, or C n F 2n +1 (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1).
- a 2+ is a divalent cation
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H, or C n F 2n+1 (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1).
- the composite separator may be a salt source for supplying a metal salt to an electrolyte provided in an electrochemical device.
- the metal salt may be fixed by any one or more binding components selected from linear polymers and crosslinked polymers.
- the fixing may be accomplished by curing a curing component having hardenability, which is converted into a binding component by curing, in a mixed state with a metal salt.
- the composite separator is located on one side of the porous substrate and may include a coating layer containing a metal salt.
- the porous substrate includes: a porous film; and a porous coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous film, wherein the composite separator is between the porous film and the porous coating layer, the surface region of the porous coating layer, or between the porous film and the porous coating layer and the surface region of the porous coating layer, respectively. and may include a coating layer containing a metal salt.
- the coating layer containing the metal salt may further contain one or more polymers selected from linear polymers and crosslinked polymers.
- the metal salt content which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the porous substrate, may be 0.1 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 .
- the metal ion participating in the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical device provided with the composite separator is the active ion
- the metal ion of the metal salt may include the active ion
- the composite separator according to an embodiment may satisfy Equation 1 below.
- Wdry is the mass of the composite separator before contact with the electrolyte
- Wwet is a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 with LiPF 6 dissolved at a concentration of 1M. It is the mass of the composite separator recovered and dried after immersion at 25° C. for 1 hour
- Wm is the mass of the metal salt contained in the composite separator before contact with the electrolyte.
- the present invention includes a flame retardant separator.
- the flame-retardant separator according to the present invention is recovered after being impregnated with the following reference electrolyte for 1 minute, and immediately after recovery, when the direction of gravity and the in-plane direction of the separator are positioned parallel to each other, droplets fall from the separator to the floor for 1 minute In the following flame-retardant test performed at a time when not in use, no flame is generated from the separator.
- Reference electrolyte mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1:1, lithium salt of LiPF 6 , LiPF 6 concentration of 1M, temperature of 25°C ⁇ 5°C
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including the above-described composite separator for an electrochemical device.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including the above-described flame-retardant separator.
- a metal ion participating in the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical device as an active ion the molar concentration of the salt of the active ion contained in the electrolyte may be 0.5 to 6.0M.
- An electrochemical device includes an anode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte; with metal ions participating in the electrochemical reaction as active ions, the electrolyte is a high-concentration electrolyte containing 1M or more salts of active ions, and in a state wetted to the electrolyte, the ionic conductivity of the separator is 0.3 mS/cm or more, and the ion mobility coefficient of the active ions of the separation membrane is 0.3 or more.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical module (secondary battery module) in which two or more of the above-described electrochemical devices are electrically connected.
- the present invention includes a device powered by an energy storage device including the electrochemical device described above.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention contains a crystalline metal salt, and has the advantage of being able to convert a low-concentration electrolyte into a high-concentration electrolyte within the electrochemical device.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention has crystallinity and contains a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group, and thus has the advantage of exhibiting flame retardancy and, furthermore, remarkably improved ionic conductivity.
- the composite separator according to the present invention does not substantially change the established components and manufacturing process in an electrolyte-based electrochemical device, and can adopt conventionally established processes and materials substantially as it is, and has wettability There is an advantage in that it is possible to implement an electrochemical device having a high concentration liquid electrolyte without causing deterioration or a decrease in productivity, an electrochemical device having improved safety due to flame retardancy, and/or an electrochemical device having excellent electrochemical properties by improved ionic conductivity. .
- Example 3 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 3.
- Example 2 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 4.
- Example 3 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 5.
- Example 4 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 6.
- Example 7 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 7.
- Example 6 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 8.
- Example 7 is a photograph evaluating the flame retardancy of Example 9.
- the electrode assembly of the anode/separator/cathode structure constituting the electrochemical device is usually surrounded by a separation film on the outside, and the separation film is present in multiple layers on the side of some full cells or bi-cells, resulting in poor wettability when impregnated with electrolyte and the device There is a problem that it takes a long time in the manufacturing process.
- a high concentration of electrolyte is required in a medium-to-large electrochemical device that requires safety, output/energy density, and long-life characteristics, and the high-concentration electrolyte has the following advantages.
- Safety improvement When the electrolyte salt is highly concentrated, the number of free solvent molecules that do not participate in solvation is extremely reduced, and thus volatility is suppressed to have flame retardant properties, and charging and discharging processes It has the effect of suppressing the side reaction of solvent molecules involved in ;
- Improvement of electrochemical properties In a high-concentration electrolyte in which almost no free solvent molecules exist, the movement mechanism of active ions moves through hopping between the metal salt-solvent complex in the existing Vehicle-Type, and accordingly, the ionic conductivity of the active metal salt will increase In addition, in the case of a low-concentration electrolyte containing a large number of free solvent molecules, compared to the SEI component in which the reduction reaction of the solvent is dominant, the SEI component of the high-concentration electrolyte has a
- the viscosity of the commonly used low-concentration electrolyte is about 3 mPa, but the viscosity of 5.5M LiFSI/DMC (Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imid/dimethyl carbonate), which is known as a representative high-concentration electrolyte, is about 240 mPa, showing a very high viscosity.
- LiFSI/DMC Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imid/dimethyl carbonate
- the present applicant has substantially advanced the established components and manufacturing process in a small electrochemical device, that is, a low-concentration electrolyte-based electrochemical device.
- a technology capable of realizing an electrochemical device equipped with a high-concentration liquid electrolyte has been developed, which can be adopted substantially as it is without changing the previously established processes and materials, and does not cause deterioration of wettability or reduced productivity.
- a composite separator according to the present invention is a composite separator for an electrochemical device, comprising: a porous substrate; and crystalline metal salts.
- the composite separator when the composite separator contains a crystalline metal salt, it may mean that at least one diffraction peak of the metal salt exists in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite separator, and diffraction of the crystal plane in the known crystal structure of the metal salt It may mean that a peak exists.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite separator may be one using Cu K ⁇ rays.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the metal salt which is a criterion for the presence of the crystalline metal salt, may be based on a previously established library (JCPDS, ICSD, CSD), and the X-ray on the crystalline metal salt powder in the established library It may be based on a diffraction pattern.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a metal salt together with the porous substrate, so that the metal salt can be supplied to the liquid electrolyte upon contact with the liquid electrolyte, and the concentration of the salt in the liquid electrolyte in contact with the composite separator can be increased. .
- a metal salt may be supplied to the liquid electrolyte. Accordingly, the liquid electrolyte can be converted into a high-concentration electrolyte in the electrochemical cell by the composite separator.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a porous substrate; and a crystalline metal salt that can be dissolved (in a soluble form) in the liquid medium upon contact with the liquid medium containing the solvent of the metal salt.
- the solvent of the metal salt at room temperature (10 to 30° C.) and atmospheric pressure, has a solubility for the metal salt of 0.1 g/liquid material 100 g or more, specifically 0.5 g/ liquid material 100 g or more, more specifically 1.0 g/ Liquid substance It can be interpreted as a liquid substance with more than 100g.
- Equation 1 Wdry is the mass of the composite separator before contact with the electrolyte, and Wwet is a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 with LiPF 6 dissolved at a concentration of 1M. It is the mass of the composite separator recovered and dried after immersion at 25° C. for 1 hour, and Wm is the mass of the metal salt contained in the composite separator before contact with the electrolyte. At this time, the recovered composite separator may be dried under conditions in which all of the solvent of the reference electrolyte solution is removed by volatilization.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the volume of the reference electrolyte in which the composite separator is completely submerged is ok as long as the mass of the composite separator is not affected by the volume of the reference electrolyte after contact with the electrolyte.
- the volume of the reference electrolyte is based on the apparent volume of the composite separator It may be 50 to 1000 times the level, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- Equation 1 means the dissolution rate (%) in which the metal salt contained in the composite separator is dissolved when the composite separator is immersed in the standard electrolyte for 1 hour.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment has a dissolution rate defined by (Wdry-Wwet)/Wm x 100 (%) of Equation 2 of 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or greater, or substantially up to 100%.
- a dissolution rate of 100% means that all metal salts contained in the composite separator are dissolved in the standard electrolyte before contact with the electrolyte.
- the composite separator contains the metal salt in a crystalline form, it may have a dissolution rate of the degree specified in Equation 1 regardless of the presence or absence of a binder (binding component) to be described later.
- a binder binding component
- the crystalline metal salt is bound (including adsorption) to the porous substrate alone without a binder (binding component)
- 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more can have a high dissolution rate that can reach 80% or more, 90% or more or substantially 100%.
- the composite separator having such a high dissolution rate is obtained by injecting an electrode assembly including an anode, a separator, and a cathode into the case of an electrochemical device and injecting a liquid electrolyte (a liquid electrolyte having a lower concentration than the desired salt concentration, which is easy to inject).
- a liquid electrolyte a liquid electrolyte having a lower concentration than the desired salt concentration, which is easy to inject.
- the composite separator which serves as a salt source for converting a low-concentration electrolyte into a high-concentration electrolyte inside the electrochemical device by injecting a low-concentration electrolyte, is a crystalline metal salt and preferably contains a metal salt of an active ion. That is, it is preferable that the metal ion participating in the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical device provided with the composite separator as the active ion, the metal ion of the crystalline metal salt contains the active ion, and substantially, the crystalline metal salt is the active ion of the active ion. Preferably it is a crystalline salt.
- the solute (electrolyte salt) contained in the low-concentration electrolyte and the crystalline metal salt contained in the composite separator may be the same or different materials.
- the concentration of the metal salt in the porous substrate is It can be maintained for a long time in a relatively high state compared to the anode and the cathode.
- the electrolyte components in the separator, the anode, and the cathode have different surface tensions, and there is no external force such as a separate convection force.
- the concentration of the metal salt derived from the separator in the inside can be maintained for a long time in a relatively high state compared to the positive electrode and the negative electrode. By this concentration gradient, thermal stability or flame retardancy of the separation membrane and/or ionic conductivity of active metal ions may be improved.
- the composite separator in an electrochemical device manufactured by charging an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a composite separator, and a negative electrode in a case and injecting and sealing a liquid electrolyte, even if the dissolution rate of the charged composite separator reaches 100%, the composite separator
- the concentration of the solute (electrolyte salt) in the electrolyte region in contact with the side and the electrolyte region in contact with the electrode may be different, and the concentration (CH) of the electrolyte region in contact with the composite separator in the entire electrolyte region is relatively high, and the electrolyte in contact with the electrode
- the concentration CL of the region may be relatively low. That is, CH and CL may satisfy the relationship of CH>CL, substantially CH>1.5CL.
- a liquid electrolyte having a non-uniform concentration may have a concentration gradient in a direction in which the concentration of a solute (electrolyte salt) decreases in the electrode direction in the composite separator.
- the concentration gradient may decrease substantially continuously in the direction of the electrode in the composite separator.
- the crystalline metal salt in consideration of a commercial composite separator manufacturing process, and in consideration of smooth contact and/or a large contact area between the liquid electrolyte and the metal salt contained in the composite separator, in the composite separator, the crystalline metal salt is It may be located in the surface region of the porous substrate.
- the crystalline metal salt positioned on the surface region of the porous substrate may include a metal salt in an adsorbed and/or immobilized state.
- the adsorption may include physical adsorption and/or chemisorption.
- the fixing may include fixing of the metal salt itself by bonding to the porous substrate and/or fixing by a material different from the metal salt, that is, fixing by an external factor including a different material.
- the heterogeneous material fixing the metal salt may be deformed (eg, swollen) or dissolved by the liquid medium or solvent, and the metal salt may be changed into a form soluble in the liquid medium or solvent.
- the surface area of the porous substrate may mean a region from one surface to 0.05 to 0.3 t pm in the thickness direction of the porous substrate from one surface, with the total thickness of the porous substrate (the shortest distance between the two widest surfaces facing each other) as t pm .
- the surface area of the porous substrate may be more substantially defined by considering the spherical structure of the porous substrate.
- the porous substrate may include a porous film, and the porous film may be an insulator and may have microporosity.
- the porous film serves to pass metal ions such as lithium ions through pores while preventing physical contact between electrodes, and any organic or inorganic porous membrane typically used as a separator in secondary batteries can be used without any particular limitation.
- the porous film is a porous polymer film, for example, a porous polymer film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of polyolefin-based resins, fluorine-based resins, polyester-based resins, polyacrylonitrile resins, and cellulose-based resins, woven fabrics , may be a nonwoven fabric or a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the porous film is generally within the range used in the field of secondary batteries, and may be, for example, 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, specifically 10 to 800 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the crystalline metal salt may be located on the surface of the porous film.
- the surface of the porous film may include not only the outermost surface of the porous film, but also a surface with open pores (a porous surface of open pores).
- the porous substrate may include a porous film; and a porous coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous film, or on each of both surfaces.
- the porous coating layer may contain inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles, or a mixture thereof, and may have porosity due to an empty space between particles.
- the particulate form (inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles, or mixtures thereof) contained in the porous coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is electrochemically stable because oxidation and/or reduction reactions do not occur in the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device.
- the particulate form is usually used as a layer coated on the insulating microporous membrane to improve the heat resistance of the separator in the secondary battery, improve strength, improve wettability of the electrolyte, improve ionic conductivity, and/or enhance the degree of dissociation of salt in the electrolyte.
- the inorganic particles may include a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a metal alloy, a metal phosphate, a metal nitride, a mixture thereof, or a composite thereof, and substantially, Al, Ti, Ba, Pb, Zr, Sr, Hf.
- the inorganic particle may be a dielectric having a dielectric constant of 5 or more, specifically, 10 or more, for example, BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1 - x La x Zr 1 - y Ti y O 3 (PLZT, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), HfO 2 , SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , AlOOH, Al(OH) 3 , SiC and TiO 2 or these mixtures or complexes thereof, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- PZT Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3
- PZT Pb
- the inorganic particles may be inorganic ion conductors, for example, lithium secondary batteries, which are representative examples of electrochemical devices, lithium phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate (Li p Ti q (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 2 , 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 3), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li a Al b Ti c (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 3), (LiAlTiP) x O y Glass series (x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 13), lithium lanthanum titanate (Li e La f TiO 3 , 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 3), lithium germanium thiophosphate (Li x Ge y P z S w , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 5), lithium
- the particle phase may have a unimodal, bimodal, or trimodal size distribution (diameter distribution), and a size in which the porosity due to the particulate void space is 20 to 80%, specifically 30 to 70%, for example, the average A diameter of the order of 10 ⁇ 1 micrometers to the order of 10 1 micrometers is sufficient, but is not limited thereto.
- a porous coating layer may be positioned on one surface of the porous film or on each of two surfaces facing each other, and two or more layers different from each other at least one of a particulate material, a particle size, and a content ratio of a particulate contained in the layer are stacked may be, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be 0.01 to 0.3 with the thickness of the porous film being 1, but is not limited thereto.
- the porous coating layer may further include a binder (organic binder), and the binder may serve to bind the above-mentioned particulate to the porous film.
- the binder may be any polymer binder commonly used in the field of electrochemical devices, and may be either an aqueous polymer binder or a non-aqueous polymer binder.
- polyvinylidene fluoride PVdF
- polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene polyvinylpyrrolidone
- polyacrylonitrile polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene
- polyvinylidene Fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene PVdF-CTFE
- polymethyl methacrylate polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate
- Cyanoethyl pullulan cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile styrene-butadiene copolymer
- polyimide polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose Woods
- the crystalline metal salt may be located in one or more regions selected from the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer, the inside of the porous coating layer, and the surface of the porous coating layer.
- the metal salt When the metal salt is positioned at the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer, the metal salt may be substantially uniformly positioned on the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer. It may be located selectively (partially) in a region (interface region exposed by open pores).
- a metal salt may be located inside the porous coating layer.
- the metal salt When the metal salt is located inside the porous coating layer, the metal salt may be located on the particulate surface of the porous coating layer and/or the porous surface of the porous coating layer.
- the particulate surface may include a surface with pores when the particles have porosity, and the metal salt may be partially or substantially uniformly located on the particulate surface.
- the inside of the porous coating layer may include a porous surface inside the porous coating layer.
- the pore surface is a surface that partitions the pores inside the porous coating layer, and may be a surface area of a particle excluding a binder surface area, an area between particles or a contact area between particles and a binder.
- the metal salt When the metal salt is located on the pore surface of the porous coating layer, the metal salt may be located on a part or all of the pore surface.
- a metal salt may be located on the surface of the porous coating layer.
- the surface of the porous coating layer may refer to a macroscopic outermost surface.
- the metal salt may be located partially or substantially uniformly on the outermost surface of the porous coating layer.
- the metal salt may be located at the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer, the porous surface inside the porous coating layer, and the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer.
- the metal salt may be located on the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer and a partial region of the inner pore surface of the porous coating layer.
- the partial region of the inner pore surface may mean an inner pore surface adjacent to the outermost surface, for example, 0.05 in the thickness direction of the porous coating layer from the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer by setting the thickness of the porous coating layer to 1 to 0.8, 0.1 to 0.7, 0.1 to 0.6, 0.1 to 0.5, 0.1 to 0.4, or 0.1 to 0.3 may mean a pore surface positioned in a region corresponding to, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the metal salt may be located on the particulate surface of the porous coating layer. That is, the particulate form of the porous coating layer may be in a state coated with a metal salt. Accordingly, the metal salt may be located in the region where the particle phase is located inside the porous coating layer, the region where the particle phase is located on the outermost surface of the porous coating layer, and the region where the particle phase is located at the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer.
- the porous coating layer is formed by adsorbing the metal salt on the particles of the porous coating layer (after coating), and then using a slurry containing the particle phase to which the metal salt is adsorbed. case may be applicable.
- Metal salts positioned on the surface of the porous film, the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer, inside the porous coating layer and/or on the surface of the porous coating layer may be adsorbed and positioned in the form of molecules or clusters, but are not necessarily limited thereto.
- the content of the metal salt contained in the composite separator may be determined in consideration of the concentration (injection concentration) of the liquid electrolyte injected into the electrochemical device provided with the composite separator and the desired concentration (design concentration) of the electrolyte. That is, the composite separator may contain, at least, a metal salt corresponding to the difference between the total amount of solute required for the design concentration (total number of moles) and the total amount of solute (total number of moles) contained in the liquid electrolyte to be injected. It may contain a metal salt.
- the design concentration may be at least 1.1M concentration, at least 1.3M concentration, at least 1.5M concentration, at least 1.7M concentration, at least 1.9M concentration, at least 2.0M concentration, at least 2.1M concentration, or at least 2.2M concentration, and is substantially 6.0 M concentration or less, 5.5M concentration or less, 5.0M concentration or less, 4.5M concentration or less, 4.0M concentration or less, 3.5M concentration or less, 3.0M concentration or less, or 2.5M concentration or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the design concentration is 1.1M to 6.0M concentration, 1.3 to 5.5M concentration, 1.5 to 5.5M concentration, 1.7 to 5.5M concentration, 1.9 to 5.5M concentration, 2.0 to 5.5M concentration, 2.1 to 5.5M concentration, 2.2 to 5.5M concentration, 1.5 to 3.0M concentration, and 1.5 to 2.5M concentration.
- the infusion concentration may be a concentration of 0.3 to 1.0M, a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0M, or a concentration of 0.8 to 1.0M.
- the salt concentration in the design concentration and the injection concentration means the total concentration of the salt (electrolyte salt) of the metal ion (the metal ion participating in the electrochemical reaction) dissolved in the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte salt dissolved in the injected electrolyte may be the same as or different from the metal salt provided through the composite separator.
- the composite separator may contain, at least, a metal salt in an amount or more capable of increasing the concentration of the liquid electrolyte from the injection concentration to the design concentration by contacting the injected liquid electrolyte.
- the solvent may be converted into a liquid electrolyte by the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention inside the electrochemical device. That is, in the electrochemical device manufacturing process, the solvent of the liquid electrolyte is added, the metal salt of the composite separator is dissolved in the injected solvent inside the electrochemical device, and the liquid electrolyte can be generated inside the electrochemical device.
- the metal salt content which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the porous substrate, is 0.1 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.2 to 4.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.2 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 It may be.
- the metal salt contained in the composite separator may be any solute (electrolyte salt) used in a liquid electrolyte in the field of electrochemical devices.
- the metal salt contained in the composite separator may have a molecular weight (g/mole) of 1000 or less, specifically 500 or less, more specifically 400 or less, and may have substantially a molecular weight of 10 or more, 20 or more, or 30 or more.
- the number of anions per molecule of the metal salt may be 1 to 4, specifically, 1 to 3, and more specifically, 1 to 2, respectively.
- a metal ion participating in an electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is used as an active ion, and a metal salt provides an active ion as a cation, Cl - , Br - , I - .
- the active ion may be a lithium ion.
- the present applicant has a specific metal salt, specifically, containing a sulfonyl group.
- a metal salt a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group
- safety to prevent explosion and ignition must be prioritized above all else.
- a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group (a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group).
- a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group (a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group).
- a high concentration of a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt formed relatively high in the separation membrane (porous substrate), and also by a different material, a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt is separated into a separation membrane It was confirmed that this safety (flame retardancy) was implemented even when fixed to (porous substrate).
- a composite separator includes a porous substrate; and a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group (a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group).
- the flame retardancy is ensured by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and at the same time, the electrochemical properties may not be deteriorated, or the electrochemical properties may be improved.
- the crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group fixed to the porous substrate by a different material, located on the porous substrate in the state of a salt (crystalline salt) without dissociation into ions, or self-immobilized is , a coordination structure is formed by the interaction between the active cation and solvent molecules of the liquid electrolyte injected into the electrochemical device and the sulfonyl groups of the anions, so that the solvent molecules with very high volatility and at the same time become a free solvent By suppressing the occurrence of flame retardancy, it is possible to impart flame retardancy to the porous substrate.
- the solvent of the liquid electrolyte contains a carbonate-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, or a carbonate-based and ether-based solvent
- two to three or more active metal cations (active ions) and a sulfonyl group and a group clustering of solvent molecules ( aggregate clusters) may be accelerated, making it easier to form coordination structures.
- ion conduction performance through the porous substrate can be greatly improved.
- a locally high concentration ion cluster is formed according to the crystalline metal salt provided by the composite separation membrane, so that the movement of ions near the inside of the cluster occurs smoothly following the Grotthuss mechanism. coefficient can be improved.
- the ionic conductivity of metal ions can be improved by accelerating the movement of metal ions through a synergistic effect with the vehicle mechanism by solvent molecules.
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt be substantially uniformly positioned on the surface region of the porous substrate so that the flame retardancy may be stably exhibited.
- the sulfonyl-containing metal salt is substantially uniformly located on the surface (outermost surface) of the porous substrate, or the total thickness of the porous substrate is t pm , and 0.05 in the thickness direction of the porous substrate from one surface It can be located substantially uniformly in the surface area, which is a region from up to 0.3 t pm .
- the crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group may be substantially uniformly positioned on the surface of the porous film.
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt is substantially uniformly positioned on the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer, or Alternatively, the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt is substantially uniformly located on the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer and the inner partial region of the porous coating layer, or the surface of the porous coating layer (outermost surface), the interior (internal pores) of the porous coating layer surface) and at the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer may be substantially uniformly positioned in a region in contact with the pores of the porous coating layer.
- a portion of the inner portion of the porous coating layer in which the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt is located is similar to or the same as described above.
- this example is only an advantageous example that can stably impart flame retardancy to a porous substrate, and the present invention provides a specific position of the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and furthermore, the flame retardancy is provided by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt.
- the present invention provides a specific position of the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and furthermore, the flame retardancy is provided by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt.
- the present invention provides a specific position of the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and furthermore, the flame retardancy is provided by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt.
- the present invention provides a specific position of the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and furthermore, the flame retardancy is provided by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt.
- it cannot be limited.
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt may have a molecular weight (g/mole) of 1000 or less, specifically 500 or less, more specifically 400 or less, and substantially 10 or more, 20 or more, or It may have a molecular weight of 30 or more.
- the number of anions per molecule of the metal salt may be 1 to 4, specifically, 1 to 3, and more specifically, 1 to 2, respectively.
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt may be any one or two or more selected from compounds satisfying the following Chemical Formulas 1 to 4.
- the composite separator contains a compound satisfying the following Chemical Formulas 1 to 4, flame retardancy is ensured, wettability to the liquid electrolyte can be improved, and a smoother ion flow can be caused.
- a + is a monovalent cation
- R 1 is F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H or C n F 2n +1 , where n is a natural number of 1 or more, specifically 1 to 5, more specifically 1 to It is a natural number of 3.
- a 2+ is a divalent cation
- R 1 is F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H or C n F 2n +1 , where n is a natural number of 1 or more, specifically 1 to 5, more specifically 1 to 3 is a natural number.
- a + is a monovalent cation
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H or C n F 2n +1 , where n is a natural number of 1 or more, specifically, a natural number of 1 to 5 , more specifically, a natural number from 1 to 3.
- a 2+ is a divalent cation
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently F, CFH 2 , CF 2 H or C n F 2n +1 , where n is a natural number of 1 or more, specifically 1 to 5 It is a natural number, more specifically, a natural number from 1 to 3.
- a + or A 2+ may be a monovalent metal ion or a divalent metal ion capable of serving as a counterpart of the sulfonyl group-containing anion component.
- the monovalent cation may be an ion of one or more metals selected from alkali metals, for example, lithium ion or sodium ion
- the divalent cation may be one or more selected from alkaline earth metals and transition metals. of ions, for example, zinc ions, etc., but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- R 1 and R 2 may each independently be selected from F, CF 3 and CF 2 CF 3 .
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(perfluoroethane) Sulfonyl) imide, zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate, zinc di [bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide] may be any one or two or more selected from the like.
- Monovalent cations or divalent cations in Formulas 1 to 4 participate in the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical device so that the conductivity of ions moving between the electrode zones through the composite separator can be improved more significantly with the improvement of wettability It may be an active ion, which is a metal ion.
- the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt may be at least one material selected from compounds satisfying Chemical Formulas 1 and 3, and in this case, the monovalent cation may be a lithium ion. there is.
- the crystalline metal salt may be in a state of being fixed to the porous substrate by a different material from the metal salt.
- the fixation of the metal salt cannot be interpreted as being limited to the case of the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt.
- the metal salt may be fixed to the porous substrate by an external element (a heterogeneous material) other than the porous substrate and the metal salt.
- fixation by an external element is eliminated in a state in which the composite separator is in contact with the liquid electrolyte, and the metal salt is an external element (a dissimilar material) capable of dissolving the metal salt into the liquid electrolyte. can be fixed. Accordingly, based on the non-contact state with the liquid electrolyte, the metal salt provided as a solute of the electrolyte in the composite separator may also be in a state fixed to the porous substrate.
- the fixation of the metal salt also includes fixation in which the fixation by a dissimilar material is maintained (maintaining a state in which the metal salt cannot be freely dissolved into the liquid electrolyte) even in contact with the liquid electrolyte.
- the metal salt (including the crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group) may be in a fixed state by at least one binding component selected from a linear polymer and a cross-linked polymer.
- the binding component is a linear polymer or a cross-linked polymer, the activity against Brownian motion is suppressed, and the designed concentration of the metal salt in the composite membrane can be firmly maintained, thereby stably securing the desired physical properties for a long period of time.
- linear polymers include polyvinylidene fluoride (Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (Poy(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene, PVdF-co-HFP), Polymethylmethacryalte (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinylacetate (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacetylene (Polyacetylene), polythiophene (polythiophene), polypyrrole (polypyrrole), poly (p-phenylene) (poly (p-phenylene)), polyphenylene vinylene (poly (phenylenevinylene)), poly (phenylene sulfide) (poly(phenylenesulfide)), polyaniline, and polyethylenedioxythiophene (poly(3,
- the binding component is a cross-linked polymer
- the metal salt can be fixed by curing a curing component having hardenability, which is converted into a binding component by curing, in a mixed state with the metal salt (in the presence of the metal salt).
- the curing component may be one or two or more selected from the group of monomers, oligomers and prepolymers having curing ability.
- curing of the curable ability may be thermal curing, chemical curing, and/or photocuring, but is not limited thereto.
- the curing component may be a monomer having a curable ability (a crosslinkable monomer), and the binding component may be a crosslinking polymer. More substantially, the fixation of the metal salt may be achieved by crosslinking the crosslinkable monomer by an initiator in a state in which the metal salt and the crosslinkable monomer are mixed.
- the cross-linkable monomer as a curing component may be a monomer having two or more functional groups or a mixed monomer in which a monomer having two or more functional groups and a monomer having one functional group are mixed, but the present invention is a cross-linkable monomer Of course, it cannot be limited by the number of functional groups.
- the crosslinkable monomer that forms a crosslinked polymer by crosslinking is any one or two or more selected from acrylate-based monomers, acrylic acid-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, phosphoric acid-based monomers, perfluorinated monomers, and acrylonitrile-based monomers. It may be a crosslinkable monomer, but is not limited thereto.
- polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate Any one or a mixture of two or more selected from trimethylolpropane ethoxylate trimethacrylate, bisphenol ethoxylate diacrylate, bisphenol ethoxylate dimethacrylate, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the monomer having one functional group methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, acrylo Any one or a mixture of two or more selected from nitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride may be mentioned, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the crosslinkable monomer is trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate alone or trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate; and other monomers having two or more functional groups and monomers having one functional group. It may include a mixture of any one or more; but is not limited thereto.
- the composite separator according to an embodiment may contain a crystalline metal salt in the form of a coating layer.
- the composite separator includes a porous substrate; and a coating layer positioned on at least one surface of the porous substrate and containing the above-described crystalline metal salt. More specifically, the composite separator may include a porous substrate; and a coating layer located on at least one surface of the porous substrate and comprising the above-described crystalline metal salt and at least one polymer component selected from the above-mentioned linear polymer and cross-linked polymer.
- the coating layer may correspond to a case in which the binding component for fixing the metal salt forms a continuously connected continuum, but it cannot necessarily be interpreted as being limited to this case.
- a solution (coating solution) containing a metal salt and a binder or curing component is uniformly applied to a desired surface area of the porous substrate, and then at least the solvent is volatilized and removed , when a curing process is performed, if necessary, so that when a metal salt and a binding component coexist in a desired portion of the porous substrate, it can be interpreted that the metal salt is provided in the form of a coating layer.
- the solvent used is at least one selected from C1-C3 lower alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, and carbonate solvents in which the above-described metal salts, linear polymers and crosslinked polymers are easily dissolved and complete volatilization is removed by simple drying.
- a solvent is preferred.
- the C1-C3 lower alcohol solvent include methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
- the ketone solvent include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.
- the carbonate solvent include ethylene carbonate. , propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and the like.
- the coating solution is a liquid raw material (based on room temperature) used in the preparation of the coating solution, and is selected from the group of monomers, oligomers, and prepolymers having curing ability, and is selected from the group consisting of curing components that are converted into binding components by curing. It may contain only a solvent, and after drying in which the solvent is removed by volatilization, a solid coating film can be prepared.
- the coating layer may be located on at least one surface of the porous substrate (electrode side, which is the positive electrode side or the negative electrode side), each of two surfaces facing each other of the porous substrate, or the entire surface of the porous substrate, but is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited thereto. It does not exclude the case where the coating layer is selectively located in a predetermined area on one surface of the porous substrate.
- the coating layer may be located on the surface (outermost surface) of the porous substrate, or located on the outermost surface of the porous substrate and the pore surface of the open pores of the porous substrate. More specifically, by taking the total thickness of the porous substrate as t pm , it can be located on the pore surface existing in the region (surface region) from one surface (outermost surface) to 0.05 to 0.3 t pm in the thickness direction of the porous substrate. . When the coating layer is also located on the pore surface, the size of the pores in the surface region may be partially reduced, but the pores may not be closed (damaged) and the pore structure inherent to the porous substrate may be substantially maintained as it is.
- the coating layer contains a crosslinking molecule. This is because, when the coating layer is formed using a liquid containing a crosslinkable monomer and a metal salt, the coating layer can be formed extremely thinly and uniformly on the outermost surface of the porous substrate or on the outermost surface and the pore surface of the porous substrate. This is because damage to the structure can be prevented.
- the coating layer may be located directly bound to the surface of the porous film.
- the direct binding is due to the phase transformation (solidification) of the binding component by volatilization and removal of the solvent after application of the liquid (coating solution) containing the metal salt and the binding component and/or the curing component and/or hardening of the curing component.
- the coating layer (metal salt-containing coating layer) is located directly bound to the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer, or or the surface (outermost surface) of the porous coating layer and the pore surface belonging to the inner partial region (surface region) of the porous coating layer are located directly bound to, or the surface of the porous coating layer (outermost surface), the interior of the porous coating layer (internal pores) surface) and at the interface between the porous film and the porous coating layer may be located directly bound to the region in contact with the pores of the porous coating layer.
- a coating layer (a coating layer containing a metal salt) may be positioned between the porous film and the porous coating layer.
- the inner partial region (surface region) of the porous coating layer in which the coating layer is located is similar to or the same as described above.
- the composite separator is 5 to 70, 5 to 50, 5 to 40, 5 to 30, 10 to 25 parts by weight of a heterogeneous material, specifically a binding component, more specifically, based on 100 parts by weight of the metal salt. It may include one or more polymers selected from linear polymers and crosslinked polymers. The content of such a heterogeneous material is an amount capable of stably fixing the metal salt contained in the composite separator.
- the metal salt content is 0.3 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 4.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.0 mg/cm 2 , It may be 0.4 to 1.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.5 to 1.4 mg/cm 2 , or 0.5 to 1.2 mg/cm 2 .
- the projected image metal salt content which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area based on the projected image of the porous substrate, is 0.3 to 6.0 to ensure flame retardancy and to prevent deterioration of the properties of the electrochemical cell due to the introduction of the metal salt in the form of a coating layer.
- mg/cm 2 specifically 0.3 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 4.0 mg/cm 2 , specifically 0.5 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.4 to 2.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.5 to 1.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.7 to 1.4 mg/cm 2 , 0.8 to 1.3 mg/cm 2 , or 0.8 to 1.2 mg/cm 2 may be.
- the unit area may be a unit area on a projection image in a direction looking down on the widest surface of the porous substrate, and the mass of the metal salt per unit area is the porosity corresponding to the unit area of the projected image. It may be the total mass of metal salts located in the substrate region.
- the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the first surface is A
- the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the second surface is B
- the metal salt content is A or B
- the projected metal salt content is A+B.
- the composite separator provided in the electrochemical device can stably exhibit flame retardancy even in a harsh environment, and the change in physical properties during the life expectancy of the electrochemical device It can stably exhibit flame retardancy without Even when one or more sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salts selected from compounds satisfying the above formulas 1 to 4 are introduced in the form of a coating layer, excellent wettability and / Alternatively, improved metal ion conductivity may be maintained. Accordingly, it goes without saying that whether or not to fix the metal salt may be selectively determined in consideration of the specific use of the electrochemical device and important properties required for the use.
- the composite separator according to one embodiment of the present invention may contain a metal salt (first metal salt) serving as a salt source for the electrolyte, and the composite separator according to another embodiment is a solid and long-term stable flame retardant It may contain a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt (second metal salt) in a fixed state to the porous substrate in order to secure it.
- first metal salt serving as a salt source
- second metal salt sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt
- the composite separator according to the present invention comprises: a porous substrate; and a metal salt (first metal salt) serving as a salt source and a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group fixed to a porous substrate (second metal salt), respectively.
- a coating layer containing a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group is provided on the surface (or surface region) of the porous substrate to ensure flame retardancy, and a form soluble in contact with a liquid medium on a porous substrate having a coating layer containing a metal salt
- a first metal salt is provided and may act as a salt source.
- a person skilled in the art in the field of electrochemical devices or separation membranes is based on the action of the salt source or the action of the salt source based on the above-mentioned information regarding flame retardancy by the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt fixed and positioned in the form of a coating layer.
- Various modifications can be easily derived as in an example so that the physical properties of fire and flame retardancy can be simultaneously implemented, which is a level of easy change based on the above-mentioned contents of the composite separator, and is included in the scope of the present invention.
- the flame retardancy secured by the metal salt is different from the flame retardancy secured by the conventionally developed thermal stability improvement by introduction of a flame retardant material (for example, introduction of an inorganic coating layer) or a spherical material of a porous substrate.
- a flame retardant material for example, introduction of an inorganic coating layer
- a spherical material of a porous substrate for example, introduction of an inorganic coating layer
- the flame retardancy implemented in the composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention is a change in the state of a solvent molecule of a liquid electrolyte by a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group (eg, formation of a coordination structure with a metal salt) ) and/or may be flame retardant secured through suppression of free solvent by high concentration of the liquid electrolyte in contact with the separator.
- the high concentration of the liquid electrolyte in contact with the separator may mean high concentration that occurs when a concentration gradient of the electrolyte salt between the separator and the electrode is formed by the metal salt supplied from the separator.
- the metal salt capable of exhibiting flame retardancy cannot be interpreted as being limited to a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt. That is, even for a metal salt that does not contain a sulfonyl group, the metal salt is supplied from the separator to the liquid electrolyte and a high concentration of electrolyte gradient is formed toward the separator, thereby suppressing the free solvent and exhibiting flame retardancy.
- the metal salt contained in the composite separator is provided in a form soluble in the liquid medium and acts as a salt source to the electrolyte inside the electrochemical device, the metal salt contained in the composite separator is a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt Advantageous, but not necessarily limited thereto.
- the present invention provides a flame retardant separator based on the specific technical idea of the present invention.
- the flame-retardant separator (flame-retardant separator I) according to the present invention is recovered after being impregnated in the following reference electrolyte for 1 minute, and immediately after recovery, when placed so that the direction of gravity and the in-plane direction of the separator are parallel to each other, from the separator for 1 minute
- the following flame retardancy test is performed at a point in time when the droplet does not fall to the floor, it has a flame retardancy that does not generate a flame from the separator.
- Reference electrolyte a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, lithium salt of LiPF 6 , LiPF 6 concentration of 1M, temperature of 25°C ⁇ 5°C.
- the flame movement may be a movement such that 30 to 90% of the diameter is in contact with the flame along the diameter (maximum diameter) passing through the center of the separator, and when the flame is moved, the flame is in contact with The region may be repeatedly contacted 1 to 2 times, but is not necessarily limited to such flame movement and contact.
- the flame does not occur from the separation membrane means that other flames other than the flame applied from the outside for the flame retardancy test do not occur, and the flame applied from the outside is removed and there is no flame in the separation membrane almost at the same time it means
- the flame retardancy test can be performed by placing the separator on the bottom of the flame retardant container at the time of the test, and the shortest separation distance between the separator and the flame applied from the outside is 0.5 cm or more, 1 cm or more, 5 cm or more, substantially 10 cm or more.
- the flame may be considered removed, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the flame retardancy shown in the flame retardancy test using the above-described reference electrolyte may be the flame retardancy of the composite separator, specifically, the composite separator containing a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group.
- the flame retardancy test using the above-described reference electrolyte may be in a state before the composite separator is used as a separator of an electrochemical device, in a state in use, or in a state after use.
- the flame retardancy test using the above-described reference electrolyte may be in a state before the composite separator is used as a separator of an electrochemical device, that is, in a state in which there is no history of contact between the composite separator and the liquid electrolyte.
- a separator previously provided (used) in the electrochemical device may be separated and recovered.
- the flame-retardant separator according to the present invention is a separator obtained according to the following steps when tested by the following flame retardancy test, It has flame retardancy that does not cause flames from the separation membrane.
- the flame movement may be a movement such that 30 to 90% of the diameter is in contact with the flame along the diameter (maximum diameter) passing through the center of the separator, and when the flame is moved, the flame is in contact with
- the region may be repeatedly contacted 1 to 2 times, but is not necessarily limited to such flame movement and contact.
- the above-described flame-retardant separator (I, or II) may contain the above-described sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and may exhibit flame retardancy by the above-described sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt. Accordingly, the above-described flame-retardant separation membrane includes all of the above-described contents related to the crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group in the composite separation membrane.
- the above-described flame-retardant separator (I, or II) is flame retardant by suppressing free solvent by concentration gradient of an electrolyte salt formed by a metal salt provided to the liquid electrolyte through the composite separator, specifically, high concentration of the liquid electrolyte adjacent to the separator can indicate Accordingly, the above-described flame-retardant separation membrane may include all of the above-mentioned contents related to the composition acting as a salt source in the composite separation membrane.
- the flame-retardant separation membrane (I, or II) described above is provided in a soluble form upon contact with a liquid medium containing a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt (second metal salt) fixed and positioned on the porous substrate and a solvent on the porous substrate. Flame retardancy can be exhibited by all of the metal salts (first metal salts) to be used.
- the above-described composite separator or flame-retardant separator may be a separator that does not contain a liquid component, that is, a dry separator.
- a dry separator For dry separation membranes, the mass of the composite membrane immediately after production is W0, and after the composite membrane is left for 1 hour immediately after production at 25° C., the mass of the composite membrane is W1h, and the mass reduction rate is (W0-W1h)/W0 x 100 (%) may mean 1% or less, specifically 0.5% or less, substantially 0%. In this case, substantially 0% means that there is no change in mass within the measurement error range of the equipment for measuring the mass, taking into account the measurement error.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including the composite separator described above.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including the flame-retardant separator (I, or II) described above.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte, and includes an electrochemical device having a different concentration of a metal salt-derived element component, which is an element component derived from a metal salt, during component analysis of an electrode, which is an anode or a cathode; and a separator.
- a metal salt-derived element component which is an element component derived from a metal salt
- the phenomenon in which the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt relatively higher than that of the electrode appears in the separator is a metal salt fixed to the separator (corresponding to the composite separator described above), specifically, in the composite separator provided in the electrochemical device.
- the metal salt according to an advantageous embodiment may be the above-mentioned sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, and the difference in concentration of element components derived from the metal salt may be due to the sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt fixed and positioned on the porous substrate.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte containing a metal salt; and includes an electrochemical device having a different concentration of an element component derived from a metal salt, which is an element component derived from a metal salt, during component analysis of an electrode, which is an anode or a cathode, and a separator.
- the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the separator may be higher than the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the electrode.
- the phenomenon in which the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt is relatively higher than that of the electrode in the separator may be realized when the metal salt dissolved in the electrolyte originates from the separator.
- the phenomenon in which the concentration of element components derived from metal salts is relatively higher than that of the electrode in the separator contains a metal salt that can be dissolved (in a soluble form) in the electrolyte when the separator is in contact with the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte is derived from the separator It can be implemented when it contains one metal salt.
- the concentration of the metal salt in the porous substrate is It can be maintained for a long time in a relatively high state compared to the cathode and the anode.
- the concentration gradient formed by the metal salt derived from the separator the electrolyte components in the separator, the anode, and the anode have different surface tensions, The concentration may be maintained for a long time in a relatively high state compared to the anode and the cathode. Due to this concentration gradient, a relatively higher concentration of elemental components derived from metal salts may appear in the separator than in the electrode.
- the metal salt is a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group
- the surface wetting property of the separator may be greatly improved by the interaction between the sulfonyl group, active metal ions, and the solvent in the electrolyte. Accordingly, when the metal salt is a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group, the concentration difference between the concentration of the metal salt-derived element component on the surface of the separator and the concentration of the metal salt-derived element component on the electrode surface may be greater.
- the separator contains a metal salt (including a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group) in a form soluble in the electrolyte so that an electrolyte of a desired concentration can be prepared inside the electrochemical device, it is significantly separated from the electrode There may be a difference in the concentration of the element component derived from the interlayer metal salt.
- a metal salt including a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group
- the electrolyte may contain one, two, three, or four or more metal salts as a solute
- the metal salt (electrolyte salt, solute) of the electrolyte is a metal salt derived from the separation membrane (hereinafter, the third metal salt) or a metal salt derived from the separator (hereinafter referred to as the tertiary metal salt) and a metal salt not derived from the separator (a metal salt pre-contained in the electrolyte injected from the outside when assembling an electrochemical device, hereinafter referred to as the fourth metal salt) may contain.
- the electrolyte may contain only the tertiary metal salt.
- a solvent that does not contain an electrolyte salt (which may contain a known additive component if necessary) may be added from the outside when assembling the electrochemical device.
- the electrolyte contains a third metal salt and a fourth metal salt
- the third metal salt and the fourth metal salt may be the same type of metal salt.
- the metal salt in the electrolyte in the electrochemical device after assembly of the electrochemical device compared to the concentration of metal salt A in the electrolyte input during the assembly of the electrochemical device A concentration may be higher.
- the electrolyte contains a third metal salt and a fourth metal salt
- the third metal salt and the fourth metal salt may be different types of metal salts.
- the electrolyte in the electrochemical device after assembly of the electrochemical device compared to the concentration of the metal salt (electrolyte salt) (the concentration of the fourth metal salt) in the electrolyte input during the assembly of the electrochemical device
- the total metal salt (electrolyte salt) concentration (the sum of the third and fourth metal salt concentrations) may be higher in may contain.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte containing a metal salt; including, an electrode that is an anode or a cathode; and a separator; the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt, which is an element component derived from the metal salt, is different, and the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the electrode is different An electrochemical device having a concentration higher than the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the separation membrane is included.
- the metal salt dissolved in the electrolyte originates from the electrode (anode or cathode) and the concentration difference of the elemental component derived from the metal salt between the electrode surfaces in the electrode occurs will be described in more detail.
- the phenomenon in which the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt is relatively higher than that of the separator in the electrode may be realized when the metal salt dissolved in the electrolyte originates from the electrode.
- the phenomenon in which the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt is relatively higher than that of the separator in the electrode is that the electrode contains a metal salt that can be dissolved (in a soluble form) in the electrolyte when in contact with the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte is derived from the electrode It can be implemented when it contains one metal salt.
- the porous substrate may correspond to the electrode active material layer (negative electrode active material layer or positive electrode active material layer) of the electrode, and the surface or surface area of the electrode active material layer may correspond to the surface or surface area of the porous substrate.
- the electrochemical device in which the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the electrode is higher than the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the separation membrane replaces the porous substrate with the electrode active material layer in the composite separator described above, and all of the above-described elements in the composite separator include content.
- the electrode may contain the metal salt in a form soluble in a liquid medium including a solvent or in a fixed form. That is, the metal salt may be adsorbed and/or fixed to the electrode active material layer. Substantially, it may contain a metal salt located in a portion or the entire region of the electrode active material layer (the negative electrode active material layer and/or the positive electrode active material layer).
- a partial region of the electrode active material layer may mean a surface area of the electrode active material layer, and the surface area of the electrode active material layer is 0.05 to 0.3 in the direction of the current collector from the side surface in contact with the electrolyte, with the thickness of the electrode active material layer being t am It may mean a region up to am , but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the metal salt When located in the entire area of the electrode active material layer, the metal salt is a pore area due to pores (substantially open pores) inside the electrode active material layer, a particulate active material surface (negative electrode active material surface or positive electrode active material surface) area of the electrode active material layer, It may be located in both the pore area and the active material surface area, but is not limited thereto.
- a metal salt may be supported or fixed in some or all regions of the electrode active material layer by applying a coating solution to be described later on the electrode active material layer.
- the electrode active material layer is prepared using the electrode active material coated with the metal salt, so that the metal salt can be supported on the entire area of the electrode active material layer.
- the metal salt is supported on the entire area of the electrode active material layer.
- the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the electrode and the separator may be measured by the following analysis method by following step (II) and/or step (III).
- the following steps (II) and/or step (III) are steps capable of excluding the influence of the charging or discharging state or the immediately preceding use state of the electrochemical device.
- F-NMR Fluorescence spectroscopy
- Cl-NMR Chlorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectromerty
- H-NMR Protone Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- XPS X- Analysis by one or more methods selected from ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, respectively.
- the analysis conditions are maintained the same, and, in addition to the listed analysis methods, the analysis may be performed by an analysis method that can be used for elemental analysis of the surface, and the present invention is the method of analysis It is not limited by the sphere type.
- repeated measurements may be performed 5 or more times, specifically, 10 or more times for each sample, and the average value may be taken.
- the difference between the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the separator and the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt in the electrode is greater than or equal to the known (pre-determined) error range in the corresponding analysis method and analysis device, it can be interpreted as a significant difference, and a significant difference When having, it may be determined that the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt between the separator and the electrode is different from each other.
- the concentration in the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode may be determined through the following method.
- Each concentration and ratio of the metal salt can be determined through F-NMR and Cl-NMR analysis of a liquid sample diluted by melting the electrolyte contained in the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode.
- the proportion of solvent molecules and the content of additives can be determined through H-NMR analysis.
- the analysis is performed again, and through this, the step of checking the analysis may be further included.
- the difference in the concentration of lithium salt in the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode may further include the step of directly confirming through the analysis of step (III).
- the metal salt-derived element component among the elements constituting the metal salt (electrolyte salt) dissolved in the electrolyte of the electrochemical device, may be an element(s) not present in the porous substrate of the electrode (specifically, the electrode active material layer) and the separator. .
- the element component derived from the metal salt may be an element that can exist only from the metal salt dissolved in the electrolyte in consideration of the specific materials of the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode of the electrochemical device.
- the metal salt is a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group
- the elemental component derived from the metal salt may be a sulfur component
- the present invention is not limited to the element component derived from the metal salt, and when the metal salt cannot be traced as the element component derived from the metal salt, for example, when all elements contained in the metal salt are also present in the electrode or the porous substrate, the element derived from the metal salt
- the element derived from the metal salt can be substituted with the concentration or content of the binding state of the metal salt-derived element and/or the metal salt-derived functional group (functional group present in the metal salt) instead of the component, which may correspond to an example of a simple change based on the present invention.
- the electrochemical device includes an anode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; electrolytes containing metal salts; and a case; including, wherein the metal salt (electrolyte salt) concentration of the electrolyte (injection electrolyte) injected into the case during manufacturing of the electrochemical device is the injection concentration, and the metal salt concentration of the electrolyte (used electrolyte) sealed inside the case is higher than the infusion concentration.
- the metal salt (electrolyte salt) concentration of the electrolyte (injection electrolyte) injected into the case during manufacturing of the electrochemical device is the injection concentration
- the metal salt concentration of the electrolyte (used electrolyte) sealed inside the case is higher than the infusion concentration.
- the configuration in which the injected electrolyte is converted to the used electrolyte may be indicated by the difference in the concentration of the element component derived from the metal salt on the surface of the electrode and the surface of the separator described above.
- a metal ion participating in the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical device is used as an active ion
- the metal ion of the metal salt contained in the separator may include an active ion, but is not necessarily limited thereto. it is not
- the molar concentration of the salt of the active ion contained in the electrolyte is 0.5 to 6.0M, 0.5 to 5.0M, 0.5 to 4.0M , 0.5 to 3.0M, 0.5 to 2.5M, 0.5 to 1.2M, 0.7 to 6.0M, 0.8 to 6.0M, 0.9 to 6.0M, 1.0 to 6.0M, 1.1 to 6.0M, 1.2 to 6.0M, 1.3 to 6.0M , 1.4 to 6.0M, 1.5 to 6.0M, 1.6 to 6.0M, 1.7 to 6.0M, 1.8 to 6.0M, 1.9 to 6.0M, 2.0 to 6.0M, 2.1 to 6.0M, 2.2 to 6.0M, 2.3 to 6.0M , 2.4-6.0M, 2.5-6.0M, 0.7-5.0M, 0.8-5.5M, 0.9-5.0M, 1.0-5.0M, 1.1
- a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the metal salt increases in the separator or the electrode for supplying the metal salt to the electrolyte may be formed.
- the concentration of the salt of the active ion in the electrolyte used is the maximum concentration in the concentration gradient, i.e., rather than being interpreted as the concentration of the salt of the average active ion in the electrolyte. , can be interpreted as the maximum concentration among the salt concentrations in the electrolyte contained (supported) in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator.
- the electrochemical device includes an anode; cathode; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte, wherein the ionic conductivity of the separator in a state wetted to the electrolyte by using metal ions participating in the electrochemical reaction as active ions is 0.30 mS/cm or more, 0.32 mS/cm or more, 0.34 mS /cm or more, 0.36 mS/cm or more, 0.38 mS/cm or more, 0.40 mS/cm or more, 0.42 mS/cm or more, 0.44 mS/cm or more, 0.46 mS/cm or more, 0.48 mS/cm or more, 0.50 mS/cm or more, 0.52 mS/cm or more, 0.54 mS/cm or more, 0.56 mS/cm or more, 0.
- the ion mobility coefficient of the active ions of the separator in a state wetted to the electrolyte is 0.30 or more, 0.32 or more, 0.34 or more, 0.36 or more, 0.38 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.42 or more, 0.44 or more. or more, 0.46 or more, 0.48 or more, 0.50 or more, 0.52 or more, 0.54 or more, 0.56 or more, 0.58 or more, 0.60 or more, 0.62 or more, 0.64 or more, 0.66 or more, or 0.68 or more.
- the ion migration coefficient may be 1.50 or less, but is not limited thereto.
- the metal salt is a sulfonyl group-containing crystalline metal salt, particularly, at least one metal salt selected from compounds satisfying Formulas 1 to 4, the ionic conductivity of the metal ions of the separation membrane can be greatly improved.
- the improved metal ion conductivity by the metal salt is realized even in a high-concentration electrolyte environment.
- the ionic conductivity of the separator in a state wetted with the electrolyte, and further, the ion mobility coefficient of the active ions may be the ion conductivity and the ion mobility coefficient in the electrolyte with a high concentration of the electrolyte.
- the high-concentration electrolyte may refer to a high-concentration liquid electrolyte in which the concentration of the salt of the active ion dissolved in the electrolyte (the total concentration of the salt of the active ion when the salts of the active ions are two or more different from each other) is 1M or more.
- the concentration of the active ion salt in the high-concentration electrolyte is 1.0M or more, 1.1M or more, 1.2M or more, 1.3M or more, 1.4M or more, 1.5M or more, 1.6M or more, 1.7M or more, 1.8M or more, 1.9 M or more, 2.0M or more, 2.1M or more, 2,2M or more, 2.3M or more, 2.4M or more, or 2.5M or more, and may be substantially less than or equal to 6M concentration.
- the salt of the active ion dissolved in the electrolyte is sufficient as long as it is a material commonly used as a salt of the electrolyte in the field of electrochemical devices.
- the salt of the active ion dissolved in the electrolyte may include the metal salt described above in the composite separator, but may be different from the metal salt described above in the composite separator.
- the concentration of the salt of the active ion in the high-concentration electrolyte may be based on the maximum concentration value in the concentration gradient, and substantially, the concentration of the salt of the active ion in the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator It may be based on the highest concentration value by measuring the concentration.
- the separator may be the same as or similar to the above-described composite separator. Accordingly, the electrochemical device includes all the contents described above in the composite separator.
- the composite separator supplies the metal salt to the electrolyte in contact with the electrolyte, and the above-described flame retardancy or the above-described ion conductive properties may be exhibited by the metal salt remaining on the porous substrate.
- the composite separator since the composite separator includes the metal salt fixed to the porous substrate, the above-described flame retardancy or the above-described ion conductive properties may be exhibited.
- the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the electrolyte, the case, etc. may be a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a case, etc. commonly used in the electrochemical device in consideration of the specific type of the electrochemical device.
- the separator acts as a salt source to the electrolyte
- the electrolyte may be a highly concentrated electrolyte than the injected electrolyte.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer positioned on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the negative electrode includes at least one of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector It may include a negative electrode active material layer positioned on the surface, the electrolyte may be a liquid electrolyte in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a solvent, and the case may be a pouch-type case or a cylindrical or prismatic case.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode active material layer can be used as long as it is a material capable of reversible desorption/insertion of lithium ions, and any electrode material used for the positive electrode of a typical lithium secondary battery may be used.
- the anode active material of the anode active material layer may be a material commonly used for the anode of a lithium secondary battery, and the anode active material may be a material capable of lithium intercalation.
- the negative electrode active material is lithium (metal lithium), graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphite, silicon, Sn alloy, Si alloy, Sn oxide, Si oxide, Ti oxide, Ni oxide, Fe oxide (FeO), Lithium-titanium oxide (LiTiO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), a mixture thereof, or a composite thereof may be one or more selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to.
- Each of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer may further contain an organic binder, and the binder can be used as long as it is a material commonly used for electrodes of lithium secondary batteries, does not chemically react with the electrolyte, and does not react with the active material and the active material.
- a polymer capable of binding the current collectors is sufficient.
- the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer binder are each independently of each other, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride Methyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyano Noethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene
- the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector suffices as long as the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector used in a typical lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector may have excellent conductivity and may be any material that is chemically stable during charging and discharging of the battery.
- the positive electrode current collector or the negative electrode current collector may be a conductive material such as graphite, graphene, titanium, copper, platinum, aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, aluminum or carbon nanotube, but the present invention is not limited thereto not.
- the positive electrode active material layer or the negative electrode active material layer may further contain a conductive material
- the conductive material may be any conductive material commonly used in lithium secondary batteries to improve electrical conductivity of the active material layer.
- the conductive material include conductive carbon bodies such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, farness black, lamp black, thermal black, or a mixture thereof; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Conductive nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes or graphene; and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrolyte may be a liquid electrolyte, and in a typical lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte that smoothly conducts ions involved in charging and discharging of the battery is sufficient.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may include a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may be a carbonate, ester, ether or ketone alone or a mixed solvent thereof.
- a carbonate-based solvent or an ether-based solvent is used alone or as a mixed solvent, it may be more advantageous to form a coordination structure by interaction with an active metal ion and a sulfonyl group.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate , vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, 2,2,2-tri Fluoroethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, dimethyl ether , diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methylpropyl ether, methyl
- the lithium salt may include, but is not limited to, a case where the metal ion of the metal salt described above in the composite separator is a lithium ion, and a lithium salt commonly used to smoothly conduct ions involved in charging and discharging of a battery. it is enough
- the electrolyte forms a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) film such as a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbonate-based compound, a nitrile-based compound, a phosphate-based compound, a borate-based compound, a sulfate-based compound, a sultone-based compound, or a lithium salt-based compound
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbonate-based compound such as a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbonate-based compound, a nitrile-based compound, a phosphate-based compound, a borate-based compound, a sulfate-based compound, a sultone-based compound, or a lithium salt-based compound
- additives such as additives for
- the electrochemical device may be a primary battery or a secondary battery capable of an electrochemical reaction. More specifically, lithium primary battery, lithium secondary battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-air battery, sodium battery, aluminum battery, magnesium battery, calcium battery, zinc battery, zinc-air battery, sodium-air battery, aluminum-air battery It may be a battery, a magnesium-air battery, a calcium-air battery, a super capacitor, a dye-sensitized solar cell, a fuel cell, a lead storage battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydrogen storage battery, or an alkaline battery, but is not limited thereto.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical module in which the above-described electrochemical device is a unit cell, two or more cells are arranged and electrically connected to each other.
- the electrochemical module may have an arrangement and structure of cells commonly used in the field of electrochemical devices, and may further include a conventional cooling member such as a cooling plate.
- the present invention includes a device powered by the aforementioned electrochemical device or the aforementioned electrochemical module.
- the device may be a device that requires medium or large power, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, but is not limited thereto.
- the present invention includes a coating solution coated on a constituent member of an electrochemical device in contact with an electrolyte.
- the coating solution of the present invention is a coating solution for coating a component of an electrochemical device in direct contact with the electrolyte, except for the electrolyte, and contains a metal salt.
- the metal salt contained in the coating solution is coated on the constituent members of the electrochemical device, so that the metal salt can be supplied to the electrolyte during assembly (manufacturing) into the electrochemical device, but the action of the metal salt in the coating solution is necessarily limited to the metal salt source to the electrolyte can't be
- the metal salt in the coating solution according to the present invention may be the same as or similar to the metal salt described above in the composite separator, and thus the coating solution includes all of the above-mentioned details related to the metal salt in the composite separator.
- the coating solution may include a sulfonyl group-containing metal salt.
- the coating solution may include any one or more or two or more metal salts selected from the compounds satisfying the above-described Chemical Formulas 1 to 4.
- a metal salt By containing such a metal salt, it is possible to improve the electrolyte wettability together with or independently of the flame retardant properties or the action of the salt source, or, together or independently, improve the ionic conductivity of the active ions.
- the solvent of the coating solution is a C1-C3 lower alcohol solvent, ketone-based solvent in which metal salts and binding components (for example, linear polymers and/or crosslinked polymers) used when necessary are easily dissolved and completely volatilized by simple drying. It is preferable that one or more solvents are selected from solvents and carbonate-based solvents.
- the C1-C3 lower alcohol solvent include methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol.
- the ketone solvent include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.
- the carbonate solvent include ethylene carbonate. , propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and the like.
- the coating solution when the coating solution does not contain a binding component, the coating solution may contain only the solvent described above as a liquid raw material (based on room temperature).
- the coating solution when the coating solution contains a binder component, the coating solution contains only the above-described solvent as a liquid raw material (based on room temperature), or one or two or more selected from the group of monomers, oligomers and prepolymers having curing ability with the solvent are selected for curing. It may contain only a liquid curing component that is converted into a binder component by
- the constituent member is a member in direct contact with an electrolyte, specifically, a liquid electrolyte in a state of being assembled into an electrochemical device.
- the constituent member may be at least one selected from a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a case.
- each of them may be coated with a coating solution.
- the constituent member includes a positive electrode surface including a surface with pores (a cathode active material layer surface including a surface with pores), a negative electrode surface including a surface with pores (a surface of a negative electrode active material layer including a surface with pores) ), the surface of the separation membrane including the surface with pores (or the surface area described above in the composite separation membrane above), the inner surface of the case, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the coating solution may further contain one or two or more curing components selected from the group of monomers, oligomers and prepolymers having curing ability, a linear polymer, or a mixture thereof together with the above-mentioned metal salt, and the curing component When included, it may further contain an additive including an initiator.
- the curing component, initiator, and linear polymer of the coating solution are the same or similar to the above-mentioned binding component, the curing component converted into a crosslinked polymer, initiator, etc. in the composite separator, and the coating solution is related to the binding component and the curing component in the composite separator and includes all of the above.
- the weight ratio of the metal salt: the binding component may correspond to the weight ratio of the metal salt: the curing component in the coating solution.
- the concentration of the metal salt in the coating solution may be 0.1 to 5 M level, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- a coating layer containing the crystalline metal salt in a fixed state to the component member can be formed.
- the coating solution may further include inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles, or mixed particles thereof.
- the coating solution may include a metal salt, inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles, or a particulate form of mixed particles thereof.
- the coating solution may further include the above-described curing component or an organic binder or a curing component and an organic binder.
- the particulate phase contained in the coating solution is the same or similar to the particulate phase described above in the porous coating layer of the composite separator, and the organic binder contained in the coating solution is the same or similar to the binder described in the porous coating layer of the composite separator. Accordingly, the coating solution includes all of the above-mentioned content related to the inorganic particles, organic particles, organic-inorganic composite particles or mixed particles thereof in the composite separator, and the binder.
- the coating solution may contain 10 to 1000 parts by weight, specifically 50 to 1000 parts by weight, and more specifically 100 to 500 parts by weight of the metal salt based on 100 parts by weight of the particulate phase.
- the content of the metal salt compared to the particulate is uniformly distributed on the particulate surface of the porous coating layer produced using the coating solution, furthermore, the particulate surface and the binding component and/or the binder, ensuring flame retardancy and/or ionic conductivity It is an advantageous content range for improvement.
- the coating solution may contain 1 to 30 parts by weight, specifically 5 to 10 parts by weight of a binder, a curing component, or a binder and a curing component based on 100 parts by weight of the particulate form, but is not limited thereto.
- the porosity is maintained due to the void space between the particles, and it is advantageous for the particles to be stably fixed to the porous film by the binder and/or the curing component.
- the coating solution may contain a particle phase at a level of 5 to 30% by weight, but is not limited thereto, and it is sufficient as long as it is a weight% that can indicate appropriate application suitability in consideration of the spherical application method of the coating solution.
- the porous coating layer containing the metal salt can be formed on the porous film.
- the coating solution may be a coating solution for preparing a separator.
- the porous film is the same as or similar to the porous film described above in the composite separator, and thus, the coating solution includes all of the above-described contents related to the porous film in the composite separator.
- the present invention includes a method for manufacturing an electrode (anode or cathode) using the above-described coating solution.
- the coating solution may be a solution for coating an electrode (anode or cathode) of an electrochemical device.
- the method of manufacturing an electrode according to the present invention includes the step of applying the above-described coating solution to the electrode active material layer of the electrode.
- the electrode active material layer may be a positive electrode active material layer or a negative electrode active material layer.
- the electrode active material layer may be manufactured by a conventionally known conventional manufacturing method, such as applying, drying, and rolling a slurry further comprising a particulate electrode active material, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive material to the current collector.
- the coating solution if the action as a metal salt source is prioritized, it is okay if the application is made so that the metal salt is positioned in the electrode active material layer with a content that can increase the concentration of the liquid electrolyte from the injection concentration to the design concentration.
- the coating may be performed so that the metal salt content, which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the electrode active material layer, is at a level of 0.1 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 .
- the metal salt dissolved into the electrolyte and remaining in the electrode active material layer or the metal salt remaining fixed in the electrode active material layer, per unit area of the electrode active material layer Based on the metal salt content, which is the mass of the metal salt, 0.3 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 4.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.0 mg/cm 2 , Application may be carried out to a level of 0.4 to 1.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.5 to 1.4 mg/cm 2 , or 0.5 to 1.2 mg/cm 2 .
- coating solution is spin coating, roll coating, spray coating, dip coating, flow coating, doctor blade, dispensing, inkjet printing, offset printing , stencil printing, screen printing, pad printing, gravure printing, reverse gravure printing, gravure offset printing, flexography printing, stencil printing, imprinting, xerography, slot die coating, It may be performed by one or more methods selected from bar coating and roll-to-roll coating, but is not limited thereto.
- the step of applying energy to the application of the coating solution may be further performed.
- the applied energy may be thermal energy, light energy, or heat and light energy, and the application of heat and light energy may include sequential application or simultaneous application.
- This application of energy is an application for more rapid volatilization removal (drying) of the solvent in the coating material, and/or application for converting the curing component contained in the coating material into a binder component when the coating solution contains a curing component.
- drying drying
- converting the curing component contained in the coating material into a binder component when the coating solution contains a curing component can
- the types of applied heat, light, or heat and light energy may be different from each other.
- the application of energy for conversion may be sequentially performed.
- heat rays such as heat and/or near-infrared light may be applied enough to promote volatilization of the solvent contained in the coating material within a range in which the constituent members are not damaged.
- heat, light, or heat and light may be applied so that the curing component is cured or curing is accelerated in consideration of the spherical curing ability of the curing component contained in the coating material.
- the curing component is thermally curable, thermal energy capable of promoting or causing curing may be applied.
- the curing component is light-curable, light including a wavelength band required for curing the applied curing component may be applied.
- the curing component has UV curing ability, light including UV may be applied.
- drying may be performed through room temperature volatilization drying, hot or cold air drying, heat drying (thermal energy or infrared energy, etc.), and the drying may be appropriately designed according to the electrode manufacturing process design.
- the electrode active material and the metal salt-containing solution are mixed and dried to prepare an electrode active material coated with a metal salt, and then the electrode active material coated with a metal salt, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive material, etc.
- the electrode active material coated with a metal salt By applying, drying and rolling the electrode slurry to the current collector, it is possible to manufacture a metal salt-containing electrode.
- an electrode slurry containing an electrode active material, a metal salt, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive material is coated on a current collector, dried and rolled to manufacture an electrode containing a metal salt.
- modified examples for introducing a metal salt into the electrode active material layer are also examples that those skilled in the art can easily derive based on the technical idea provided by the present invention, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including an electrode manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method.
- the present invention includes a method for manufacturing a composite separator using the above-described coating solution.
- the method for manufacturing a composite separator according to the present invention includes applying the above-described coating solution to a porous substrate.
- the porous substrate may include a porous film, or a porous film and a porous coating layer positioned on one or both surfaces of the porous film.
- the porous substrate may be the same as or similar to the above-described porous substrate in the composite separator, and thus, the method for manufacturing the composite separator may include all of the above-described contents related to the porous substrate in the composite separator.
- the step of applying energy to the application of the coating solution may be further performed, which is to accelerate or cause drying and/or curing of the curing component if the coating solution contains a curing component. it may be for
- the coating solution application method, sphere application amount, energy application, etc. are similar to or the same as those described above in the electrode manufacturing method, and thus, the manufacturing method of the composite separator may include all of the contents described above in the electrode manufacturing method.
- a coating layer of a metal salt soluble in an electrolyte may be formed on the porous substrate.
- a coating layer of the metal salt fixed to the porous substrate may be formed.
- a porous coating layer containing a metal salt may be formed on the porous substrate and having porosity due to void spaces between particles of the particle phase.
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device including a composite separator manufactured by the method for manufacturing the composite separator described above.
- the present invention includes a method for manufacturing a separator using the above-described coating solution.
- the method for manufacturing a separator according to the present invention comprises: a metal salt; particulate; and applying a coating solution containing a binder, a curing component, or a binder and a curing component.
- a separator having a metal salt-containing porous coating layer bound thereto may be prepared.
- the step of applying energy to the application of the coating solution may be further performed, which is to accelerate or cause drying and/or curing of the curing component if the coating solution contains a curing component. it may be for
- the porous film may be the same as or similar to the above-described porous film in the composite separator, and thus, the method of manufacturing the separator may include all of the above-described contents related to the porous film in the composite separator.
- the coating solution application method, sphere application amount, energy application, etc. are similar to or the same as those described above in the electrode manufacturing method, and thus, the separator manufacturing method may include all of the contents described above in the electrode manufacturing method.
- the present invention includes a method for manufacturing a case for an electrochemical device using the above-described coating solution.
- the manufacturing method of the case according to the present invention includes the step of applying the above-described coating solution to the inner surface of the case, and if necessary, may further include the step of applying energy to the coating material of the coating solution.
- the inner surface of the case to which the coating solution is applied may be a region in contact with the liquid electrolyte when assembling into an electrochemical device.
- a metal salt located on the inner surface of the case may be supplied as an electrolyte, and together or independently from this, the flame retardancy of the case is guaranteed by the metal salt remaining or fixed on the inner surface of the case, or activity in the electrolyte A smoother flow of ions can be induced.
- the case may be the same as or similar to the case described above in the electrochemical device, and thus, the method of manufacturing the case may include all of the above-described contents related to the case in the electrochemical device.
- the coating solution application method, sphere application amount, energy application, etc. are similar to or the same as those described above in the electrode manufacturing method, and thus, the case manufacturing method may include all of the contents described above in the electrode manufacturing method.
- the present invention includes a method for manufacturing an electrochemical device comprising; applying the above-described coating solution to a component of the electrochemical device in contact with the electrolyte, and, if necessary, a component to which the coating solution is applied (coating solution) It may further include the step of applying energy to the coating material). At this time, a component obtained by applying a coating solution and applying energy when necessary is collectively referred to as a component containing a metal salt.
- the method of manufacturing the electrochemical device may include the above-described method of manufacturing the electrode.
- the method for manufacturing the electrochemical device may include the above-described method for manufacturing the composite separator or the method for manufacturing the separator.
- the manufacturing method of the electrochemical device may include the above-described case 2 manufacturing method.
- the method for manufacturing an electrochemical device may include all of the above-described methods for manufacturing each of the two or more constituent members (components containing metal salts).
- the method of manufacturing an electrochemical device may further include; putting an electrode assembly in which a separator is positioned between an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte into a case having an internal accommodating space and sealing the case; , an anode, a cathode, a separator, and at least one component selected from the case may be a component containing a metal salt.
- the method for manufacturing an electrochemical device a) applies a coating solution to a separator (corresponding to a porous substrate) to form a metal salt-containing separator (corresponding to a composite separator) manufacturing; b) manufacturing an electrode assembly in which a metal salt-containing separator is positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and c) putting the electrode assembly and electrolyte into a case having an internal accommodation space and sealing the case, and further, d) inside the sealed case, the metal salt contained in the metal salt-containing separator is dissolved in the electrolyte
- the step of being; may further include.
- the concentration of the metal salt (corresponding to the salt of the active ion or the electrolyte salt) of the liquid electrolyte injected (injected) into the case in step c) may be lower than the metal salt concentration in the electrolyte when an electrochemical device is used.
- the metal salt contained in the metal salt-containing separation membrane may be a salt of an active ion.
- the coating may be made so that a metal salt having a content or more that can increase the concentration of the liquid electrolyte from the injection concentration to the design concentration is located.
- the metal salt content which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the separator (corresponding to the porous substrate), is 0.1 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 The application can be carried out to the level.
- the metal salt may be a metal salt containing a sulfonyl group, advantageously one or more metal salts selected from compounds satisfying Chemical Formulas 1 to 4.
- the metal salt dissolved into the electrolyte and remaining in the separator (corresponding to the porous substrate) or the state of being fixed to the separator (corresponding to the porous substrate)
- the retained metal salt is based on the metal salt content, which is the mass of the metal salt per unit area of the separation membrane (corresponding to the porous substrate), 0.3 to 5.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 4.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 3.0 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.3 to 2.0 mg/cm 2 , Application may be carried out to a level of 0.4 to 1.5 mg/cm 2 , 0.5 to 1.4 mg/c
- the present invention includes an electrochemical device manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method.
- the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane can be confirmed through the following method.
- the IC separator is the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane in the state in which the liquid electrolyte is wetted.
- the ionic conductivity is determined by removing the liquid electrolyte-wetted separator from the battery prepared in the Example or Comparative Example and then cutting it into a circle with a diameter of 18 mm and manufacturing the coin cell 2032, or cutting it into a circle with a diameter of 18 mm.
- the same liquid electrolyte as in each Example or Comparative Example is injected into the separated membrane and wetted, and then the coin cell 2032 is manufactured, and it can be measured using an AC impedance measurement method depending on the temperature.
- the ionic conductivity was measured in a frequency band of 1 MHz to 0.01 Hz using a VMP3 measuring device.
- the separation membrane in the wet state of the liquid electrolyte is an ion conductor, and represents an open shape that rises vertically on the Nyquist plot, and the impedance resistance value of the horizontal axis means resistance to ion conduction.
- the resistance value for ion conduction obtained above, it can be calculated using the following formula.
- L is the thickness of the specimen (thickness of the separator)
- A is the area of the specimen
- R ion R 2 -R 1
- R 1 is the resistance of the high-frequency region in the Nyquist plot
- R 2 is the Nike It is the resistance of the low frequency region in the strode plot.
- the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane can be confirmed through the method described above.
- the lithium ion migration coefficient take out the liquid electrolyte-wetted separator from the secondary battery prepared in Examples or Comparative Examples, cut it into a circle with a diameter of 18 mm, and sandwich the separator between two lithium foils with a diameter of 16 mm. to prepare a coin cell 2032, or put a separator cut into a circle with a diameter of 18 mm between two lithium foils with a diameter of 16 mm, and inject the same liquid electrolyte as in each Example or Comparative Example to wetting the coin cell (2032) is prepared.
- Measure the primary impedance resistance value of the prepared coin cell apply a voltage of 10 mV to observe the current change for 3600 sec, and measure the secondary impedance resistance value.
- the lithium ion migration coefficient (t Li + ) may be calculated by substituting the measured values according to the following Bruce and Vincent method.
- I s is a steady-state current
- ⁇ V is an applied voltage
- I 0 is an initial current
- R 0 is an initial resistance
- R s is a steady state It stands for steady-state resistance.
- the concentration of the metal salt in the electrode and the separator may be measured by the following analysis method, according to the following method (1) and/or method (2).
- Method (1) 1) Close the sealing of the electrochemical device (secondary battery manufactured in the embodiment) to open at least one end, and between the tab provided for electrical connection to the outside and the electrode complex of the positive electrode-separator-negative electrode separating and recovering the electrode complex by cutting the connection; recovering the electrode composite molded in the epoxy resin by curing the recovered electrode composite at 60°C for 24 hours or more using an epoxy resin for molding; The concentration gradient of the active metal ions in the cross-section of the electrode composite was directly confirmed by analyzing the molded electrode composite into a cross-section specimen with a thickness of less than 20 ⁇ m using an ion beam and analyzed by Neutron Depth Profiling.
- Method (2) 1) Close the sealing of the electrochemical device (secondary battery manufactured in the embodiment) to open at least one end, and between the tab provided for electrical connection with the outside and the electrode complex of positive electrode-separator-cathode separating and recovering the electrode complex by cutting the connection; 2) In the recovered electrode complex, a solution in which the separator, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode were each immersed in anhydrous deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide for 24 hours was analyzed by the following method.
- F-NMR Fluorescence spectroscopy
- Cl-NMR Chlorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectromerty
- H-NMR Protone Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- XPS X- Analysis by one or more methods selected from ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, respectively.
- Output capacity retention rate (%) [discharge capacity at a specific rate / initial 0.1C discharge capacity] ⁇ 100
- the lifespan characteristics of the lithium battery according to the number of charge/discharge were observed at room temperature (25°C) and high temperature (45°C) under a current of 1.0 C, respectively.
- Cycle capacity retention rate (%) [200th cycle discharge capacity/first cycle discharge capacity] ⁇ 100
- the porosity (vol%) of the specimen was measured using a mercury intrusion porosimetry (Mercury intrusion porosimetry, equipment name: AutoPore IV 9500, equipment manufacturer: Micromeritics Instrument Corp.). In order to exclude the effect of pores formed by the stacking of the samples, the porosity of the samples was calculated under the conditions of a pressure range of 30 psia to 60000 psia.
- the following flame retardancy is performed at the point in time when the droplet does not fall from the separator to the floor for 1 minute when the gravity direction and the in-plane direction of the separator are positioned in parallel immediately after recovery test.
- Reference electrolyte mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1:1, lithium salt of LiPF 6 , LiPF 6 concentration of 1M, temperature of 25°C ⁇ 5°C
- FIGS. 1 to 8 The evaluation results according to the flame retardancy evaluation method for the separation membranes prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 . As shown in Figures 1 to 7, all the separators manufactured and evaluated through Examples did not generate a flame during the flame retardancy test, but as shown in FIG. It was confirmed that this occurred.
- the composite separator prepared in Examples was cut to an appropriate size, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis (High Resolution X-ray Diffractometer (HRXRD), equipment name: SmartLab, equipment manufacturer: RIGAKU, Cu K ⁇ ray) was performed. Through X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal salt-coated composite separator, it was confirmed whether the metal salt coated on the separator had a crystalline phase and whether it was dissociated.
- HRXRD High Resolution X-ray Diffractometer
- FIG. 10 The results of evaluation of adhesion to the separators prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in FIG. 10 .
- the separation membrane prepared and evaluated in Example 7 was completely dried and no adhesive strength was measured, the separation membrane manufactured and evaluated in Comparative Example 3 was sticky due to the liquid component and dissociated metal salt present in the composite electrolyte coating layer. ) surface characteristics, and thus it has a high adhesive force, indicating that it is unsuitable for processes such as rolling.
- the weight change with time of the composite separator was measured immediately after preparation at a temperature of 25° C. and in the atmosphere. 11 shows the weight change evaluation results according to time of the separation membranes prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the separation membrane prepared and evaluated in Example 7 did not show a change in weight over time as there was no liquid component, but the separation membrane manufactured and evaluated in Comparative Example 3 was not affected by volatilization of the liquid component present in the composite electrolyte coating layer. It was confirmed that the weight change with time was observed as a result of the following effects.
- the composite separator and the anode and cathode facing the composite separator are separated from the electrode assembly in a state where the charging/discharging current is applied and the initial formation process is completed, and each X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, equipment name: K-Alpha, Equipment manufacturer: Thermo Fisher). From the energy of photoelectrons escaped by X-rays irradiated to the sample, it was confirmed that the presence or absence of the element contained in the element component derived from the metal salt in the sample and the state of chemical bonding can be distinguished and determined.
- the composite separator and the anode and cathode facing the composite separator are separated from the electrode assembly in the state where the charging/discharging current is applied and the initial formation process is completed, and each inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectromerty, equipment name: ELAN DRC-) II, equipment manufacturer: Perkin Elmer). It was confirmed that the presence or absence and content of elemental components derived from metal salts in the sample could be distinguished and determined by ionizing the elemental components derived from metal salts included in the sample and separating the ions using a mass spectrometer.
- the composite separator and the anode and cathode facing the composite separator are separated from the electrode assembly in the state where the charging/discharging current is applied and the initial formation process is completed, and each two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, equipment name: AVANCE III) HD, equipment manufacturer: Bruker).
- AVANCE III nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Bruker Using the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon of atomic nuclei, which occurs when a magnetic field is applied to elemental elements derived from metal salts included in the sample, information on the chemical environment around the nucleus and spin bonds with neighboring atoms can It was confirmed that the presence or absence and concentration can be distinguished and judged.
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Equipment name: TOF-SIMS 5, equipment manufacturer: ION TOF) was performed. Through mass analysis of secondary ions generated in the sample, it was confirmed that the presence or absence and concentration of elemental components derived from metal salts in the sample could be distinguished and determined.
- the composite separator was LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1M in a mixed solvent of 25 ° C. was completely immersed in the dissolved solution) and immersed for 1 hour, then the composite membrane was recovered, dried at 80° C. for 12 hours, and the mass (Wwet) of the dried composite membrane was measured, and the mass and manufacturing of each composite membrane measured
- the dissolution rate (metal salt dissolution rate) was calculated through the formula (Wwet-Wdry)/Wm x 100(%) using the total mass (Wm) of the metal salts contained in the composite separator in the immediate state. To reduce the measurement error, 20 separators were treated identically, and then Wdry and Wwet were measured for all 20 separators to calculate the dissolution rate.
- Lithium perchlorate was used as a metal salt, and dimethyl carbonate was used as a coating solvent. After 20 wt% of lithium perchlorate was added to dimethyl carbonate and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, a coating solution containing a metal salt was prepared.
- a coating separator having a ceramic coating layer introduced therein (total thickness of 17 ⁇ m, fabric thickness of 15 ⁇ m polyethylene, each side 1 ⁇ m ceramic coating layer) was used.
- a coating solution containing a metal salt was coated on one surface of the porous substrate using a doctor blade, dried at 60° C. for 1 hour, and the solvent for application was volatilized to prepare a composite separator containing a metal salt.
- Table 1 shows the content of the metal salt applied to one surface of the porous substrate.
- Positive electrode 96% by weight of lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 ) having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material based on 100% by weight of solids , averaged as a conductive material 2 wt% of Super-P having a particle size of 40 nm, 2 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and 50 wt% of solid content in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, an organic solvent, were added to the cathode active material composition (Anode mixture slurry) was prepared.
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material based on 100% by weight of solids , averaged as a conductive material 2 wt% of Super-P having a particle size of 40 nm
- the positive electrode active material composition was applied to an aluminum thin film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a doctor blade, dried at 120° C., and rolled by a roll press to prepare a positive electrode coated with an active material layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- the porosity was 15% by volume.
- Preparation of negative electrode based on 100% by weight of solid content, 96% by weight of natural graphite powder as an anode active material, 2% by weight of carbon black having an average particle diameter of 40nm as a conductive material, 1% by weight of styrene-butadiene rubber as a binder, and 1% by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose as a solid content was added to water to prepare a negative electrode active material composition (negative electrode mixture slurry).
- the negative active material composition was applied to a copper thin film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a doctor blade, dried at 120° C., and rolled by a roll press to prepare a negative electrode coated with an active material layer having a thickness of 65 ⁇ m.
- the porosity was 20% by volume.
- a battery assembly is prepared by stacking a composite separator including the prepared positive electrode, negative electrode, and metal salt, sealed in a battery case, and 1 mol of LiPF in a solvent mixed with ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in a 1:1 volume ratio
- a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared by injecting a liquid electrolyte in which 6 was dissolved.
- the composite separator and the positive and negative electrodes facing the composite separator were separated from the electrode assembly to measure the physical properties. Then, it is shown in Table 1.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the composite separator, the positive electrode and the negative electrode was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the measured concentration was verified by separately preparing an electrolyte corresponding to the measured concentration and confirming that the same analysis result was obtained.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composite separator was prepared using a porous film (polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m) not introduced with a ceramic coating layer as the porous substrate of the composite separator containing a metal salt in Example 1, a battery (coin) cells and pouch cells) were prepared.
- a porous film polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m
- a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a composite separator was prepared using lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate as a metal salt in Example 1.
- Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1 , even when a crystalline metal salt containing only a sulfonyl group was formed on the porous substrate, no flame was generated during the flame retardancy test.
- the battery (coin cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the composite separator was prepared using a porous film (polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m) to which a ceramic coating layer was not introduced as the porous substrate of the composite separator containing a metal salt. and pouch cells) were prepared.
- a porous film polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m
- the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and in FIG. 2 . As shown in FIG. 2 , even when a crystalline metal salt containing only a sulfonyl group was coated on a polyethylene porous substrate without a ceramic coating layer, no flame occurred during the flame retardancy test.
- Example 1 As the coating solution containing the metal salt in Example 1, 20 wt% of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 3.5 wt% of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, and 0.35 wt% of hydroxymethyl phenyl propanone as a photoinitiator A composite separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that each material was added to dimethyl carbonate to prepare a coating solution and applied, and then crosslinked by irradiating ultraviolet rays at 2000 mW/cm 2 for 20 seconds, and a battery (coin) cells and pouch cells) were prepared.
- the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and in FIG. 3 . As shown in FIG. 3 , even when a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group was bound to the porous substrate by a binding component, no flame occurred during the flame retardancy test.
- a porous film polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m
- Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 4 even when a crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group was bound by a binding component to a polyethylene porous substrate without a porous inorganic layer, no flame occurred during the flame retardancy test.
- silica (SiO 2 ) 6.65 wt%, polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) 0.35 wt%, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide 20 wt. % and a coating solution containing the remaining amount of acetone was prepared.
- Polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a polymer was first dissolved in acetone, and then the remaining components were added to the solution according to the ratio.
- a porous film (polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m) without a ceramic coating layer is used as the porous substrate of the composite separator containing a metal salt, and the metal salt is applied to both sides of the porous substrate using the prepared coating solution and dip coating method.
- a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a composite separator having a thickness of 13 ⁇ m was manufactured by forming a ceramic coating layer containing it.
- the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and in FIG. 5 .
- Table 1 The results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 5 Even when the ceramic coating layer was formed on the polyethylene porous film and the crystalline metal salt containing a sulfonyl group in the ceramic coating layer was allowed to bind by the binding component, no flame occurred during the flame retardancy test.
- the result of X-ray diffraction pattern for evaluating the crystal properties of the prepared separator is shown in FIG. 9, the result of evaluating the adhesive force property is shown in FIG. 10, and the result of evaluating the volatilization property is shown in FIG.
- Example 7 After preparing a battery assembly in the same manner as in Example 7 and sealing it in a battery case, 1 mol of 1,2-dimethoxy ethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) was mixed in a solvent in a 1:1 volume ratio.
- a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7, except that a liquid electrolyte in which LiPF 6 was dissolved was injected.
- the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared battery, and in FIG. 6 . As shown in FIG. 6 , it can be seen that the prepared composite separator does not generate a flame even if the solvent of the electrolyte in contact in the battery is different, so that the flame retardancy is secured regardless of the sphere type of the solvent.
- Example 1 Batteries (coin cells and pouch cells) in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a separator containing no metal salt (total thickness of 17 ⁇ m, fabric thickness of 15 ⁇ m, polyethylene, and ceramic coating layers on both sides of 1 ⁇ m) was used in Example 1 was prepared.
- a separator containing no metal salt total thickness of 17 ⁇ m, fabric thickness of 15 ⁇ m, polyethylene, and ceramic coating layers on both sides of 1 ⁇ m
- the results of evaluating the flame retardancy are shown in Table 1 by measuring the physical properties of the prepared batteries, and the results of evaluating the crystal properties are shown in FIG. 9 . As shown in FIG. 8 , it was confirmed that a flame occurred during the flame retardancy evaluation.
- Comparative Example 1 a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a liquid electrolyte in which 2.5M LiPF 6 was dissolved was injected instead of a liquid electrolyte in which 1 mole of LiPF 6 was dissolved. .
- the composite electrolyte composition was coated on both sides of the porous substrate to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m using a dip coating method on a porous film (polyethylene with a thickness of 9 ⁇ m), and dried at 60° C. for 1 hour to prepare a composite separator.
- a battery (coin cell and pouch cell) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that.
- the physical properties of the prepared battery were measured and shown in Table 1, the results of evaluating the crystal properties of the prepared separators in FIG. 9, the results of evaluating the adhesive properties in FIG. 10, and the results of evaluating the volatilization properties in FIG. 11 .
- the composite separator prepared in Example 7 contains a metal salt in a crystalline state.
- all of the composite separators prepared in Examples contained metal salts in a crystalline state as in Example 7.
- the separator containing the crystalline sulfonyl group-containing metal salt is provided in the battery, it can be confirmed that excellent flame retardancy is secured as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 .
- Table 1 it can be seen that when the composite separator contains a crystalline metal salt, both the ion conductivity and the lithium ion migration coefficient increase.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
- 다공성 기재; 및 결정성 금속염;을 포함하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 금속염은 설포닐기를 함유하는 금속염을 포함하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재는 다공성 필름을 포함하며, 상기 금속염은 상기 다공성 필름의 표면에 위치하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재는 다공성 필름; 및 상기 다공성 필름의 적어도 일측 표면에 위치하는 다공성 코팅층;을 포함하며,상기 금속염은 상기 다공성 필름과 상기 다공성 코팅층간의 계면, 상기 다공성 코팅층 내부 및 상기 다공성 코팅층의 표면 영역 중 하나 이상의 영역에 위치하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 4항에 있어서,상기 다공성 코팅층은, 무기입자, 유기입자, 유무기 복합입자 또는 이들의 혼합 입자를 포함하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 2항에 있어서,상기 설포닐기를 함유하는 금속염은 하기 화학식 1 내지 4를 만족하는 화합물에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.(화학식 1)(화학식 1에서 A+는 1가의 양이온이며, R1은 F, CFH2, CF2H 또는 CnF2n + 1(n은 1 이상의 자연수)이다)(화학식 2)(화학식 2에서 A2+는 2가의 양이온이며, R1은 F, CFH2, CF2H 또는 CnF2n + 1(n은 1 이상의 자연수)이다)(화학식 3)(화학식 3에서 A+는 1가의 양이온이며, R1 및 R2는 서로 독립적으로 F, CFH2, CF2H 또는 CnF2n+1(n은 1 이상의 자연수)이다)(화학식 4)(화학식 4에서 A2+는 2가의 양이온이며, R1 및 R2는 서로 독립적으로 F, CFH2, CF2H 또는 CnF2n+1(n은 1 이상의 자연수)이다)
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 복합분리막은 전기화학 소자에 구비되는 전해질에 상기 금속염을 공급하는 염 공급원인 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항 내지 제 6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 금속염은 선형 고분자 및 가교 고분자에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 결착 성분에 의해 고정된 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 8항에 있어서,상기 고정은, 경화에 의해 상기 결착 성분으로 전환되는, 경화능을 갖는 경화성분이, 상기 금속염과 혼재하는 상태에서 경화되어 이루어지는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 복합분리막은 상기 다공성 기재의 일 측면에 위치하며 상기 금속염을 함유하는 코팅층을 포함하는, 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재는 다공성 필름; 및 상기 다공성 필름의 적어도 일측 표면에 위치하는 다공성 코팅층;을 포함하며,상기 복합분리막은 상기 다공성 필름과 상기 다공성 코팅층 사이, 상기 다공성 코팅층의 표면 영역, 또는 상기 다공성 필름과 상기 다공성 코팅층 사이와 상기 다공성 코팅층의 표면 영역 각각에 위치하며, 상기 금속염을 함유하는 코팅층을 포함하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 10항 또는 제 11항에 있어서,상기 금속염을 함유하는 코팅층은 선형 고분자 및 가교 고분자 중 선택되는 하나 이상의 고분자를 더 함유하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항 내지 제 7항 및 제 10항 내지 제 11항 중 선택되는 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재의 단위 면적 당 금속염의 질량인 금속염 함유량은 0.1 내지 5.0 mg/cm2인 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항 내지 제 7항 및 제 10항 내지 제 11항 중 선택되는 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 복합분리막이 구비되는 전기화학 소자의 전기화학반응에 참여하는 금속 이온을 활성 이온으로 하여, 상기 금속염의 금속 이온은 활성 이온을 포함하는 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,하기 식 1을 만족하는 복합분리막.(식 1)5(%) ≤ (Wdry-Wwet)/Wm x 100(%)(식 1에서 Wdry는 전해액과 접촉하기 전 복합분리막의 질량이며, Wwet은 에틸렌카보네이트와 디메틸카보네이트가 1 : 1의 부피비로 혼합된 혼합용매에 1M의 농도로 LiPF6가 용해된 기준 전해액에 복합분리막을 25℃ 온도에서 1시간 동안 담근 후 회수 및 건조한 복합분리막의 질량이며, Wm은 전해액과 접촉하기 전 복합분리막에 함유된 금속염의 질량이다)
- 하기 기준 전해질에 1분 동안 함침한 후 회수하고, 회수 직후 중력 방향과 분리막의 면내(in-plane) 방향이 평행하도록 위치시켰을 때 1분 동안 분리막으로부터 바닥으로 액적이 떨어지지 않는 시점에 수행되는 하기 난연성 테스트시, 분리막으로부터 화염이 발생하지 않는 난연성 분리막.기준 전해질 : 에틸렌카보네이트와 디메틸카보네이트가 1 : 1의 부피비로 혼합된 혼합용매, LiPF6의 리튬염, 1M의 LiPF6 농도, 25℃ ± 5℃의 온도난연성 테스트 : 대기중 플레임(flame)의 길이=5 내지 10cm, 플레임(flame) 팁(tip) 온도 = 1000 내지 1500 ℃, 분리막에 플레임(flame) 인가시 분리막과 비접촉하는 플레임(flame) 영역의 길이=대기중 플레임(flame)의 길이의 50 내지 80%, 분리막과 접촉한 상태에서의 플레임(flame) 이동속도 = 1~5cm/sec
- 제 1항 내지 제 7항 및 제 10항 내지 제 11항 중 선택되는 어느 한 항에 따른 전기화학 소자용 복합분리막을 포함하는 전기화학 소자.
- 제 17항에 있어서,상기 전기화학 소자의 전기화학반응에 참여하는 금속 이온을 활성 이온으로 하여, 상기 전해질에 함유된 활성 이온의 염의 몰농도는 0.5 내지 6.0M인 전기화학 소자.
- 양극; 음극; 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막; 및 전해질;을 포함하며, 전기화학반응에 참여하는 금속 이온을 활성 이온으로 하여, 상기 전해질은 상기 활성 이온의 염을 1M 이상 함유하는 고농도 전해질이며, 상기 전해질에 웨팅(wetting)된 상태에서, 상기 분리막의 이온전도도는 0.3mS/cm 이상이며 상기 분리막의 활성 이온의 이온이동계수는 0.3 이상인 전기화학 소자.
- 제 19항에 따른 전기화학 소자 둘 이상이 전기적으로 연결된 전기화학 모듈.
- 제 19항에 따른 전기화학 소자를 포함하는 에너지 저장장치에 의해 전력이 공급되는 장치.
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| EP21856047.2A EP4199232A4 (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2021-06-21 | Separator for electrochemical element |
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| CN115764164B (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2025-11-28 | 浙江大象新能源科技有限公司 | 一种高安全性锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法 |
| TWI845118B (zh) * | 2023-01-10 | 2024-06-11 | 亞福儲能股份有限公司 | 鋁電池隔離膜 |
| CN119698712A (zh) * | 2023-04-10 | 2025-03-25 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 隔离膜及其相关的二次电池和用电装置 |
| EP4721152A2 (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2026-04-08 | Coreshell Technologies, Inc. | Organic thin film coatings for battery materials |
| CN120239723A (zh) * | 2023-10-31 | 2025-07-01 | 深圳市星源材质科技股份有限公司 | 一种微孔膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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