WO2022045557A1 - 양극 스크랩을 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 - Google Patents
양극 스크랩을 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022045557A1 WO2022045557A1 PCT/KR2021/008206 KR2021008206W WO2022045557A1 WO 2022045557 A1 WO2022045557 A1 WO 2022045557A1 KR 2021008206 W KR2021008206 W KR 2021008206W WO 2022045557 A1 WO2022045557 A1 WO 2022045557A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of recycling resources when manufacturing a lithium secondary battery.
- the present invention particularly relates to a method of recovering and reusing positive electrode scrap generated in a lithium secondary battery manufacturing process or a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery that is discarded after use.
- This application is an application for priority claiming Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0106083 filed on August 24, 2020, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the application are incorporated herein by reference.
- Lithium secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged are in the spotlight as an alternative to fossil energy.
- Lithium secondary batteries have been mainly used in traditional hand-held devices such as cell phones, video cameras, and power tools.
- electric vehicles EVs, HEVs, PHEVs
- ESSs large-capacity power storage devices
- UPS uninterruptible power supply systems
- a lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which unit cells having a structure in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate coated with an active material are coated on a current collector with a separator interposed therebetween, and a casing for sealing and housing the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte, that is, a battery case to provide
- the cathode active material of the lithium secondary battery mainly uses a lithium-based oxide, and the anode active material uses a carbon material.
- the lithium-based oxide contains a metal such as cobalt, nickel, or manganese.
- cobalt, nickel, and manganese are very expensive valuable metals, and among them, cobalt is a strategic metal, and each country has a special interest in supply and demand. is known If there is an imbalance in the supply and demand of raw materials for strategic metals, raw material prices are highly likely to rise.
- waste batteries lithium secondary batteries
- resources can be recovered from wastes discarded after the positive electrode plate is punched or from the positive electrode having defects in the process.
- a positive electrode active material layer 20 when manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, as shown in FIG. 1 , a positive electrode active material layer 20 ) by forming the positive electrode sheet 30, and then punching out the positive electrode plate 40 to a predetermined size. The part remaining after punching is discarded as anode scrap (scrap, 50). If it is possible to recover the cathode active material from the cathode scrap 50 and reuse it, it would be very desirable from an industrial-economic point of view and an environmental point of view.
- the method of recovering the cathode active material is mostly to dissolve the cathode in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc., extract active material elements such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese, and then use it again as a raw material for the cathode active material synthesis.
- the method of extracting the active material element using an acid has the disadvantage that the process for recovering the pure raw material is not environmentally friendly, and the neutralization process and the wastewater treatment process are required, which increases the process cost.
- it has a disadvantage that lithium, which is one of the main elements of the cathode active material, cannot be recovered.
- a method that can be directly reused without dissolving the positive electrode active material and extracting the active material in elemental form is required.
- the loss of elemental elements such as lithium is maximally prevented, and the composition of the fresh active material that has never been used is not significantly different from the composition of the never used fresh active material. method is preferred.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for recovering and reusing an active material from a cathode scrap.
- the cathode active material reuse method of the present invention is (a) heat-treating a cathode scrap including a lithium composite transition metal oxide cathode active material layer on a current collector in air to thermally decompose a binder and a conductive material in the active material layer by doing so, separating the current collector from the active material layer and recovering the active material in the active material layer; (b) washing the recovered active material with a washing solution; (c) adding a lithium precursor to the washed active material and annealing; and (d) an optional step of surface coating on the annealed active material to obtain a reusable active material, and the amount of lithium precursor added in step (c) so that the amount of the remaining lithium compound in the reusable active material is 0.0001 to 1.2 wt% characterized in that it is determined.
- the heat treatment may be performed at 300 to 650 °C. In particular, it can be carried out for 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the heat treatment may be performed at 550° C. for 30 minutes at a temperature increase rate of 5° C./min.
- the washing solution may be water. Alternatively, it may be an aqueous solution of a lithium compound showing basicity in an aqueous solution.
- the lithium compound aqueous solution is prepared to contain more than 0% and 15% or less of the lithium compound, and preferably LiOH is used.
- the washing may be performed within a week. Preferably, it can be carried out within 1 day. More preferably, it can be carried out within 1 hour.
- the washing with water may be performed by stirring the recovered active material at the same time as impregnating with the lithium compound aqueous solution.
- the lithium precursor may be any one or more of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 and Li 2 O.
- the lithium precursor is preferably added in an amount capable of further adding lithium in a molar ratio of 0.09 to 0.12 based on a molar ratio of lithium: other metals of 1:1.
- the lithium precursor in step (c) without drying after washing with water, it is also possible to add the lithium precursor in step (c) by mixing the washed active material with a lithium precursor solution and spray drying.
- the temperature of the spray drying step is preferably 100 ⁇ 300 °C.
- the annealing may be performed at 400 to 1000° C. in air.
- the temperature of the annealing step may be a temperature exceeding the melting point of the lithium precursor.
- the active material in the active material layer may be recovered in the form of a powder, and a carbon component generated by carbonization of the binder or the conductive material may not remain on the surface.
- the step of coating the surface may be one or more of a metal, an organic metal, and a carbon component, coated on the surface in a solid or liquid manner, and then heat-treated at 100 ⁇ 1200 °C.
- the reusable active material may be represented by the following formula (1).
- the reusable active material may have a fluorine (F) content of 100 ppm or less.
- the waste positive electrode active material such as positive electrode scrap generated during the lithium secondary battery manufacturing process can be reused without using an acid, so it is eco-friendly.
- the method according to the present invention does not require a neutralization process or a wastewater treatment process, so it is possible to alleviate environmental issues and reduce process costs.
- the present invention it is possible to recover the positive electrode active material without a metal element that cannot be recovered. Since the current collector is not dissolved, the current collector can also be recovered. It is economical because it is a method that can directly reuse the active material recovered in powder form rather than extracting the active material element and using it again as a raw material for synthesizing the cathode active material.
- the present invention it is safe because it does not use toxic and explosive solvents such as NMP, DMC, acetone, and methanol, and because simple processes such as heat treatment, water washing, and annealing are used, process management is easy and suitable for mass production.
- toxic and explosive solvents such as NMP, DMC, acetone, and methanol
- the electrochemical performance of the recovered active material is not deteriorated, and excellent resistance characteristics and capacity characteristics can be realized.
- the present invention it is possible to minimize the loss of lithium in the active material in the water washing process for surface modification, such as the heat treatment process for separating the current collector and the removal of residues.
- the heat treatment process By optimizing the heat treatment process, lithium loss can be minimized, and the amount of the current collector reacting with the active material or precipitation by heat treatment can be minimized. Since the loss of lithium element in the process of obtaining the reusable active material is maximally prevented, the composition of the fresh active material is not significantly different. Still, insufficient lithium is made through an additional lithium precursor addition process, which is preferable in terms of process and cost because the precursor addition amount is determined in consideration of the remaining amount of the lithium compound.
- capacity and cycle characteristics can be improved by optimizing the reuse process by limiting the residual amount of the lithium compound. Even if the lithium precursor is added as much as lost, errors may occur due to analysis such as ICP. In addition, even if the capacity is restored as much as the initial fresh positive electrode active material, if the amount of residual lithium compounds increases, these lithium compounds react with the electrolyte to generate side reactions or gases when going to the cell unit, thereby increasing the defect rate. In the present invention, since a lithium precursor is added to limit the content of the remaining lithium compound, this problem can be solved.
- the active material to be reused can be re-particulated through spray drying even if the particles are broken due to rolling in the previous process, particle size and specific surface area can be improved.
- the washed active material is mixed with the lithium precursor solution and spray-dried, it is possible to simultaneously replenish the lithium precursor while re-granulating, thereby simplifying the process, and there is an advantage in that the previous washing step and continuous process are possible.
- 1 is a view showing positive electrode scrap discarded after the positive electrode plate is punched from the positive electrode sheet.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an active material reuse method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 to 5 are results of cell evaluation using the active materials of Examples and Comparative Examples, FIG. 3 is an initial charge/discharge characteristic, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 . 5 shows a C-rate characteristic.
- the present invention is a lithium secondary battery There is a difference in that the active material is also recovered from the cathode scrap generated during the manufacturing process.
- the present invention relates to a method of directly reusing the cathode active material without dissolving it.
- a method for removing the current collector from the positive electrode is required.
- To remove the current collector from the positive electrode it is possible to remove the binder through high-temperature heat treatment, to melt the binder using a solvent, to completely melt the current collector, and to select the active material through dry grinding and sieving. Do.
- the stability of the solvent is important in dissolving the binder using the solvent.
- NMP is probably the most efficient solvent, but it has the disadvantages of toxicity and high price.
- a solvent recovery process such as reprocessing the waste solvent is required. Melting the current collector will be cheaper than using a solvent.
- there is a risk of explosion because it is difficult to remove foreign substances from the surface of the reusable active material and hydrogen gas is generated during the current collector removal process. It is difficult to completely separate the current collector and the active material by dry grinding and sieving. During the pulverization process, the particle size distribution of the active material is changed and it is difficult to remove the binder, so there is a disadvantage in that the characteristics of the reused battery deteriorate.
- the active material and the current collector are separated using high-temperature heat treatment.
- heat treatment is carried out in air, it is advantageous for mass production and commercialization because it is a relatively simple process that does not require a special device configuration and only needs to be heated.
- foreign substances should not remain on the surface of the reusable active material. In the present invention, even the step of removing foreign substances from the surface of the reusable active material is proposed.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an active material reuse method according to the present invention.
- a cathode scrap to be discarded is prepared (step s10).
- the positive electrode scrap may be a portion left after manufacturing a positive electrode sheet including a lithium composite transition metal oxide positive electrode active material layer on a current collector and punching out.
- anode scrap by collecting anodes having defects during the process.
- positive electrode scrap may be prepared by separating the positive electrode from the discarded lithium secondary battery after use.
- an active material that is lithium cobalt oxide such as LiCoO 2 (LCO), or an NCM-based active material containing nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), carbon black as a conductive material, and poly as a binder
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- carbon black as a conductive material
- poly poly as a binder
- NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a lithium composite transition metal oxide is used as a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- lithium cobalt oxide of LiCoO 2 lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 etc.), lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 etc.)
- lithium nickel oxide LiNiO 2 , etc. is mainly used.
- a nickel manganese-based lithium composite metal oxide and manganese (Mn) in which a part of nickel (Ni) is substituted with manganese (Mn) having excellent thermal stability ) and an NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide substituted with cobalt (Co) is used.
- Ni nickel
- Mn manganese
- Co cobalt
- the positive electrode scrap has an active material layer on a current collector of a metal foil such as aluminum foil.
- the active material layer is formed by coating a slurry in which an active material, a conductive material, a binder, a solvent, etc. are mixed, and has a structure in which the binder connects the active material and the conductive material after the solvent is volatilized. Therefore, if the binder is removed, the active material may be separated from the current collector.
- the anode scrap is crushed to an appropriate size (step s20).
- Shredding refers to the cutting or shredding of anode scrap into pieces of suitable, easy-to-handle size. After crushing, the anode scrap is cut into small pieces, for example 1 cm x 1 cm.
- various dry crushing equipment such as hand-mill, pin-mill, disk-mill, cutting-mill, hammer-mill may be used, or a high-speed cutter may be used.
- Crushing can be carried out in consideration of the characteristics required in the equipment used in the handling of the anode scrap and subsequent processes. For example, in the case of using equipment that requires continuous processing in loading and unloading anode scrap, the fluidity of the anode scrap must be good, so that too large anode scrap must be crushed.
- the anode scrap is heat-treated in air (step s30).
- the heat treatment is performed to thermally decompose the binder in the active material layer.
- the heat treatment can be performed at 300 ⁇ 650 °C can also be called high-temperature heat treatment.
- a temperature of less than 300 °C it is difficult to remove the binder, so that the current collector cannot be separated.
- the current collector melts (Al melting point: 660 °C), and the current collector cannot be separated.
- the heat treatment time is maintained so that the binder can be sufficiently thermally decomposed.
- the heat treatment equipment may be various types of furnaces. For example, it may be a box-type furnace or a rotary kiln capable of continuous processing in consideration of productivity.
- the heat treatment may be performed at 550° C. for 30 minutes at a temperature increase rate of 5° C./min.
- the temperature rise rate is, for example, a degree that can be implemented without excessive force in a box-type furnace and can be heated without generating a thermal shock or the like to the anode scrap.
- 550°C is to allow the thermal decomposition of the binder to occur well while considering the melting point of the Al current collector. At this temperature, heat treatment for less than 10 minutes is insufficient for thermal decomposition, so heat treatment should be carried out for more than 10 minutes, and heat treatment should be performed for more than 30 minutes if possible.
- the binder and conductive material in the active material layer are thermally decomposed through heat treatment in air, they become CO 2 and H 2 O and are removed. Since the binder is removed, the active material is separated from the current collector, and the active material to be recovered may be selected in powder form. Accordingly, only in step s30, the current collector may be separated from the active material layer and the active material in the active material layer may be recovered.
- step s30 it is important that the heat treatment of step s30 be performed in air. If the heat treatment is performed in a reducing gas or inert gas atmosphere, the binder and the conductive material are not thermally decomposed but only carbonized. When carbonization is performed, the carbon component remains on the surface of the active material, thereby degrading the performance of the reusable active material. When heat treatment is performed in air, carbon material in the binder or conductive material reacts with oxygen and is burned and removed as CO and CO 2 gas, so that almost all of the binder and conductive material are removed without remaining.
- the active material is recovered in the form of a powder, and the carbon component generated by carbonization of the binder or the conductive material may not remain on the surface.
- the washing solution may simply be water. Or it may be a lithium compound aqueous solution.
- an aqueous solution of a lithium compound showing basicity in an aqueous solution is preferable.
- This lithium compound aqueous solution is prepared to contain more than 0% and 15% or less of the lithium compound and preferably uses LiOH.
- the amount of LiOH is preferably 15% or less.
- the use of an excess of LiOH may leave an excess of LiOH on the surface of the active material even after washing with water, which may affect the annealing process in the future. In order to clean the surface of the active material in the pre-annealing step as much as possible, the addition of excess LiOH is not good for the process, so it is limited to 15% or less.
- Washing with water can be performed by immersing the recovered active material in the lithium compound aqueous solution. After immersion, washing with water may be performed within a week, preferably within one day, and still more preferably within one hour. If you wash with water for more than a week, there is a risk of capacity degradation due to excessive lithium elution.
- the washing time may be determined in consideration of lithium dissipation. For example, in the case of a composition having a relatively high Ni content in the NCM-based active material, since the amount of lithium dissipation increases as the washing time increases, it is better not to lengthen the washing time as much as possible. Therefore, it is preferable to set it within one day or within one hour.
- washing with water includes immersing the active material in a washing solution such as a lithium compound aqueous solution showing basicity in water or an aqueous solution state, stirring the immersion state, and the like. It is recommended to use agitation as much as possible. If the washing solution is immersed without agitation, the washing process will be slow and may cause lithium leaching. Since the process time can be minimized if the agitation is performed in parallel, it is preferable that the agitation proceed simultaneously with the washing solution impregnation.
- a washing solution such as a lithium compound aqueous solution showing basicity in water or an aqueous solution state, stirring the immersion state, and the like. It is recommended to use agitation as much as possible. If the washing solution is immersed without agitation, the washing process will be slow and may cause lithium leaching. Since the process time can be minimized if the agitation is performed in parallel, it is preferable that the agitation proceed simultaneously with the washing solution impregnation.
- drying for drying may be performed, or the spray drying step shown in another example below may be performed without drying.
- the reason for washing with water is to remove LiF and metal fluoride, which may exist on the surface of the recovered active material, and to perform surface modification.
- the binder and conductive material in the active material layer are vaporized and removed as they become CO 2 and H 2 O.
- CO 2 and H 2 O react with lithium on the surface of the active material to form Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH.
- fluorine (F) present in a binder such as PVdF reacts with a metal element constituting the positive electrode active material to form LiF or metal fluoride. If LiF or metal fluoride remains, battery characteristics deteriorate when the active material is reused.
- step s40 by adding the step of washing with water as in step s40, the reactants that may have been generated on the surface of the reused active material during the heat treatment step (s30) are removed, so that foreign substances are not left on the surface of the recycled active material.
- a lithium compound aqueous solution showing basicity in an aqueous solution state it is more preferable to wash with a lithium compound aqueous solution showing basicity in an aqueous solution state.
- an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is used rather than an aqueous solution of a lithium compound showing basicity in aqueous solution, F on the surface of the active material can be washed with water, but it elutes transition metals (Co, Mg) present in the active material, thereby reducing the performance of the reused positive electrode active material.
- the lithium compound aqueous solution showing basicity in the aqueous solution state used in the present invention can remove the binder that may remain in a trace amount even after the thermal decomposition of step s30, and does not elute the transition metal, etc. present in the active material, and in the process of washing with water It is very desirable because it can also serve to supplement the amount of lithium that can be eluted.
- step s40 in the present invention, it is possible to adjust the LiF content on the surface of the recovered active material to less than 500 ppm, and through this, the capacity improvement effect can be seen.
- the F content may be 100 ppm or less. More preferably, the F content may be 30 ppm or less.
- the F content may be 100 ppm or less. More preferably, the F content may be 30 ppm or less.
- a lithium precursor is added to the washed active material and annealed (step s50).
- the lithium precursor may be added in a solid or liquid phase.
- the lithium precursor used for the annealing may be any one or more of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 and Li 2 O.
- step s40 drying is performed after step s40, and then material mixing is performed, and in this case, powder mixing or milling process is used.
- the washed active material with the lithium precursor solution without drying after step s40 and spray-drying.
- the lithium precursor solution a lithium compound soluble in an aqueous solution or an organic solvent may be used.
- the temperature of the spray drying step may be 100 ⁇ 300 °C. It is preferable that the minimum temperature is 80° C. or higher, because when the temperature is 80° C. or lower, a problem that the solution is not completely dried may occur. More preferably, if it is set to 100° C. or higher, it is preferable because it can be completely dried.
- the lithium precursor component is coated or contacted on the surface of the active material as the lithium precursor solution is dried immediately after spraying.
- the particles on the surface may be pressed and cracked or broken by the rolling process.
- the NCM-based active material has a greater particle splitting due to rolling during electrode formation.
- the recovered active material contains a lot of small particles, so there is a problem of non-uniform particles.
- the NCM-based active material is used in which primary particles having a size of several tens to hundreds of nm are gathered and containing secondary particles of large particles.
- secondary particles are split to form primary particles or smaller particles that are larger in size but smaller than large particles. Since the specific surface area of the active material increases as the number of particles broken by rolling increases, in the case of a reusable active material obtained from a rolled electrode, there may be problems that may affect slurry properties, electrode adhesion, and electrode performance when reused.
- the particle size distribution should not be different from that of the fresh active material. Since spray drying can recover large particles by aggregating small particles split during rolling, particle non-uniformity can be eliminated and particle size can be made close to the initial characteristics of the fresh active material. In particular, the effect is excellent in the NCM-based active material, which has severe particle breakage in the rolling process in the previous process.
- the lithium precursor when spray drying is used, the lithium precursor is coated on the surface of the active material, and the active material is obtained by controlling the particles. Since the lithium precursor addition, granulation, and drying are performed in one step, there is an effect of simplifying the process. Since it is only necessary to mix and disperse the active material particles washed in step s40 in a lithium precursor solution of a certain concentration and then spray-dry, there is an advantage that continuous process is possible with water washing in step s40 and addition of the lithium precursor in step s50.
- step s50 the crystal structure of the active material is restored through annealing to restore or improve the properties of the reused active material to the level of a fresh active material that has never been used.
- a deformed structure may appear on the surface of the active material.
- the active material which is an NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide
- step s40 Ni is rock salted by moisture [NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni(OH) 2 )H 2 0] to form a spinel structure. .
- the crystal structure is restored through step s50.
- the active material which is an NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide
- the active material which is an NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide
- Co 3 O 4 may be generated by thermal decomposition on the surface. If the battery is manufactured while Co 3 O 4 is present, battery characteristics may deteriorate. In the present invention, the initial properties can be restored or improved to a level similar to that of the fresh active material by recovering the crystal structure through step s50 and removing Co 3 O 4 .
- the lithium precursor added before annealing is added in an amount that can be added as much as the ratio of lithium lost compared to the ratio of lithium and other metals in the raw material active material (ie, fresh active material) used in the active material layer.
- the amount of the lithium precursor is added as lost, errors may occur due to analysis of ICP or the like.
- the capacity is restored as much as the initial fresh positive electrode active material, if the amount of residual lithium compounds increases, these lithium compounds react with the electrolyte to generate side reactions or gases when going to the cell unit, thereby increasing the defect rate.
- the amount of lithium precursor added in step s40 (when spray drying is used) or s50 is adjusted so that the amount of the lithium compound remaining in the active material is 0.0001 to 1.2 wt%. It is characterized by determining Since the remaining lithium compound varies depending on the type of the lithium precursor, it may affect the remaining amount of the lithium compound such as LiOH or Li 2 CO 3 , so the type of the lithium precursor or the type of the remaining lithium compound is not particularly limited.
- the lithium precursor is lithium: other Based on the metal molar ratio of 1:1, lithium is preferably added in an amount that can be further added in a molar ratio of 0.12 or less. Then, after all processes are completed and a reusable active material is obtained, the amount of the remaining lithium compound in the active material may be 1.2 wt% or less. In the case of manufacturing a secondary battery using such an active material, it is possible to maintain a lifespan characteristic while suppressing a side reaction caused by an electrolyte.
- the lower limit of the residual lithium compound is considered to be 0.0001 wt% or more.
- an appropriate amount of the lithium precursor added to compensate for the loss of lithium must be added.
- the present invention proposes an optimization range between the content of the remaining lithium compound and the amount of the lithium precursor added to recover the initial capacity and lifespan characteristics of the reused positive electrode active material.
- Annealing may be performed at 400 to 1000° C. in air.
- the annealing temperature may be 600-900°C. This temperature should be changed within a limited range depending on the type of the lithium precursor. It is preferable to set the annealing time to 1 hour or more. Preferably, it is about 5 hours. If the annealing time is long, the crystal structure can be sufficiently recovered, but even if it is used for a long time, the performance is not significantly affected. Annealing time is made into 15 hours or less, for example.
- the annealing equipment may use the same or similar equipment as in the heat treatment step s30.
- the annealing temperature is preferably between 700 and 900° C., more preferably between 710 and 780° C. This is because the melting point of Li 2 CO 3 is 723°C. Most preferably, it is carried out at 750°C.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 400 to 600° C., more preferably 450 to 480° C. This is because the melting point of LiOH is 462°C.
- the annealing temperature is preferably a temperature exceeding the melting point of the lithium precursor. However, at a temperature exceeding 1000°C, thermal decomposition of the positive electrode active material occurs and the performance of the active material is deteriorated, so it should not exceed 1000°C.
- step s60 may be further performed.
- a surface coating is applied to the active material annealed in step s50.
- the step of coating the surface may be one or more of a metal, an organic metal, and a carbon component, coated on the surface in a solid or liquid manner, and then heat-treated at 100 to 1200°C.
- a metal, an organic metal, and a carbon component coated on the surface in a solid or liquid manner, and then heat-treated at 100 to 1200°C.
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 1200° C., there is a risk that performance may be deteriorated due to thermal decomposition of the positive electrode active material.
- coating on the surface in a solid or liquid manner may use methods such as mixing, milling, spray drying, grinding, and the like.
- a surface protection layer is formed by a dissimilar metal through the surface coating.
- the lithium: other metal molar ratio in the positive electrode active material is 1:1 by supplementing the lost lithium
- the lithium in the positive electrode active material decreases the molar ratio of lithium: other metals in the positive electrode active material to less than 1:1 Dosage expression cannot be 100%. Therefore, the insufficient lithium is added in the previous step s50 so that the molar ratio of lithium to other metals in the positive electrode active material is 1:1, and furthermore, it is necessary to add excess lithium to contain more lithium compared to other metals in the positive electrode active material.
- the molar ratio of lithium: other metals in the positive electrode active material becomes 1:1, and a surface protective layer can be formed. Therefore, when proceeding to the surface protection layer forming process, it is preferable to further add lithium to be used as a surface protection layer material in addition to simply adding lithium lost in the process. For example, an excess is added so that the molar ratio of lithium to other metals in the cathode active material is 1:1 as well as 0.0001 to 0.12 molar ratio of lithium to other metals in the cathode active material. Then, when the surface is coated, the molar ratio of lithium: other metals in the positive electrode active material becomes 1:1, and a surface protective layer can be formed.
- the amount of lithium precursor added must be determined in consideration of whether the surface protective layer is formed. As mentioned above, after all processes are completed to obtain a reusable active material, the amount of lithium compound remaining in the active material is 0.0001 to 1.2 wt%. The amount of precursor must be determined.
- a metal oxide such as B, W, B-W is coated on an active material and then heat treated, a lithium borooxide layer can be formed on the surface of the active material, which serves as a surface protective layer.
- Part of the lithium precursor added in step s50 reacts with metal oxides such as B, W, and B-W in step s60, and the lithium: other metal molar ratio in the positive electrode active material does not decrease to less than 1:1, so that there is no decrease in capacity.
- the reusable active material obtained by the above-described method may be represented by the following formula (1).
- the reusable active material may have an F content of 100 ppm or less. According to the present invention, since it is possible to recover an active material having a reduced F content, if it is reused as an active material, excellent resistance characteristics and capacity characteristics can be realized.
- the active material reuse method according to the present invention is optimized for NCM-based active materials. This is because the NCM-based active material has a large specific surface area and it is difficult to control the amount of the remaining lithium compound because the primary particles are aggregated secondary particles compared to the LCO-based active material.
- the active material and the current collector are separated in the heat treatment step s30.
- the heat treatment process temperature, time, etc. it is possible to minimize the decrease in lithium in the active material after the heat treatment. Then, the amount of lithium precursor to be added later can be minimized.
- LiF or metal fluoride is removed in step s40 of washing with water.
- Washing with water is safe and inexpensive, and it can remove LiF or metal fluoride without loss of other elements, and it can prevent elution of transition metals, etc.
- the reduction of lithium in the active material can be minimized by optimizing the conditions of the washing solution and the washing time. Then, the amount of lithium precursor to be added later can be minimized. If an aqueous solution of a lithium compound showing basicity in an aqueous solution during washing is used as a washing solution, there is also an advantage in that the loss of lithium occurring during the process can be compensated.
- the present invention it is possible to minimize the loss of lithium in the active material in the heat treatment process and the water washing process for separating the current collector.
- the heat treatment process lithium loss can be minimized, and the amount of the current collector reacting with the active material or precipitation by heat treatment can be minimized.
- the water washing process it is possible to minimize lithium loss in the active material while removing LiF, which may act as a resistance when remaining. Since the loss of lithium element is maximally prevented in the process of obtaining a reusable active material, it is not significantly different from the composition of a fresh active material that has never been used as much as possible. However, insufficient lithium is achieved through an additional lithium precursor addition process. At this time, since the amount of lithium precursor added is set so that the amount of the remaining lithium compound in the reusable active material is 0.0001 to 1.2 wt%, excellent lifespan and capacity characteristics can be maintained.
- the annealing step after the lithium precursor is added is also safe and inexpensive, and Co 3 O 4 can be effectively removed, and there is an advantage in that it is possible to recover the battery characteristics of the reused active material by improving the crystal structure, ie, crystallinity.
- the reusable active material obtained according to the present invention may have a particle size distribution similar to that of the fresh active material, and thus a separate treatment for controlling the particle size distribution may not be required. Since the carbon component generated by carbonization of the binder or the conductive material does not remain on the surface, a step or the like for removing the carbon component is not required. Accordingly, the active material obtained through the method of FIG. 2 may be reused as it is without additional treatment and used to manufacture the positive electrode.
- Each positive electrode active material was prepared in the following way, and the molar ratio of lithium: other metals was measured and summarized in Table 1.
- Sample 1 A fresh NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide, not a reused active material, was used.
- Sample 2 A positive electrode scrap to be discarded after punching a positive electrode plate having an NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide active material was prepared and heat-treated at 550° C. in air for 30 minutes, and then the active material was collected. That is, in the active material reuse method of the present invention as described above, only the heat treatment of step s30 is performed to remove the binder, the conductive material, and the Al current collector, and the NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide active material is collected.
- the positive electrode plate was prepared as a slurry prepared by weighing 96.25 wt% of the positive active material, 1.5 wt% of carbon black as a conductive material, and 2.25 wt% of PVdF (resin content of 9.8 wt% based on PVdF 1100) as a binder and mixing it with NMP. .
- Sample 3 Sample 2 was additionally washed with water for 10 minutes according to the washing step (s40) of the active material reuse method of the present invention.
- As the washing solution an aqueous solution containing LiOH was used.
- Sample 4 For Sample 3, only the annealing of step s50 was performed without additional lithium precursor addition. Annealing was carried out at 750° C. in air for 15 hours.
- Sample 5 With respect to Sample 3, Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor was added in a molar ratio of 0.05 to perform annealing in step s50 at 750° C. in air for 15 hours.
- Sample 6 With respect to Sample 3, Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor was added in a molar ratio of 0.08 to perform annealing in step s50 at 750° C. in air for 15 hours.
- Sample 7 With respect to Sample 3, Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor was added in a molar ratio of 0.09 to perform annealing in step s50 at 750° C. in air for 15 hours.
- Sample 8 With respect to Sample 3, Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor was added in a 0.1 molar ratio to perform annealing in step s50 at 750° C. in air for 15 hours.
- Sample 9 The annealing of step s50 was performed at 750° C. in air for 15 hours by adding Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor in a 0.11 molar ratio to Sample 3 with respect to Sample 3.
- Sample 10 For Sample 3, only the annealing of step s50 was performed without additional lithium precursor addition. Annealing was performed for 5 hours at 750° C. in air shorter than Sample 4.
- the molar ratio of lithium to other metals tends to gradually decrease as at least one step of the active material reuse method is performed. That is, lithium is lost even when only heat treatment is performed as in Sample 2, and more lithium is lost when washing with water as in Sample 3.
- the molar ratio decreased by about 0.1 compared to Sample 1. As such, lithium is lost during heat treatment, water washing, and annealing, so lithium addition is necessary.
- Samples 5 and 6 with less than 0.09 molar ratio added have a smaller lithium:other metal molar ratio than sample 1. Therefore, when a lithium precursor is added similarly to the reduction ratio (sample 1 to sample 4, 0.1 molar ratio) confirmed in Sample 4, which was annealed without adding a lithium precursor, when a lithium precursor was added (Sample 8), lithium : other metals at the same level It is found that the molar ratio can be increased.
- sample 10 has a reduced annealing time after washing with water compared to sample 3, but it can be seen that there is no change in the lithium: other metal molar ratio. That is, it was confirmed that even if the annealing time was 5 hours or more, there was no significant effect on lithium reduction.
- the lithium precursor is added at a molar ratio of 0.09 or more, it can have a lithium content similar to that of the fresh active material. It can be seen that, depending on the experimental conditions, the amount of the lithium precursor to be added to exhibit a lithium content similar to that of the fresh active material may vary.
- CHC coin half cell
- Comparative Example 1 As in Sample 1, it is a fresh NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide, not a reused active material.
- Example 1 Annealing was performed as in Sample 8, but the annealing time was 5 hours shorter than Sample 8. That is, the positive electrode scrap was annealed at 750° C. for 5 hours by adding 0.1 molar ratio of Li 2 CO 3 as a lithium precursor to 550° C. in air, heat treatment for 30 minutes, washing with water for 10 minutes, and lithium precursor.
- Example 2 In addition to Example 1, the active material surface protective layer recovery process of the optional step s60 of FIG. 2 was also performed. The protective layer was recovered on the surface of the active material by adding 500 ppm of boron and heat-treating it at 300° C. for 5 hours.
- Example 3 Same as in Example 2, except that the amount of lithium precursor added was 0.11 molar ratio, which is higher than the 0.1 molar ratio of Example 2.
- Example 4 The same as in Example 2, except that the amount of the lithium precursor added was 0.12 molar ratio, which was higher than the 0.1 molar ratio of Example 2.
- Comparative Example 2 Same as in Example 2, except that the lithium precursor was added in a 0.13 molar ratio, which is higher than the 0.1 molar ratio in Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial section of FIG. 3 showing initial charging/discharging characteristics. 3 and 4 , the horizontal axis is capacity and the vertical axis is voltage.
- Example 1 it was confirmed that the lithium precursor of sample 8 should be added so that the lithium:other metal molar ratio can be equivalent to that of the fresh active material.
- Example 1 about sample 8 of the lithium precursor was added, so it can be predicted that the capacity characteristics of Example 1 are similar to those of Comparative Example 1, which is a fresh active material.
- Comparative Example 2 when a lithium precursor of 0.1 molar ratio or more was added, the capacity was equal to or greater than that of Comparative Example 1, which is a fresh active material, consistent with the prediction.
- Comparative Example 2 in which a molar ratio of 0.13 or more was added, the capacity was slightly decreased, so it was found that addition of a predetermined amount or more of the lithium precursor increases the resistance and adversely affects the capacity characteristics.
- FIG. 5 shows a C-rate characteristic. At different currents, the rate performance was examined by evaluating the capacity according to the number of cycle repetitions.
- the equipment used for evaluation is a general charging/discharging test device that is well used in the laboratory. There is no deviation depending on the measuring device or method.
- the horizontal axis is the number of cycles and the vertical axis is capacity.
- the voltage was set to 3 ⁇ 4.3V, and initial formation charge/discharge was performed at 0.1C/0.1C.
- Table 2 summarizes the initial charge/discharge capacity characteristics in Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 in a table.
- Example 4 decreased compared to Example 2. Although the capacity reduction of about Example 4 is at an acceptable level, if the amount of lithium precursor added is increased compared to Example 4, it is not preferable in terms of capacity reduction.
- the lithium precursor it was confirmed that it is preferable to add the lithium precursor at a molar ratio of 0.13 or less when considering the capacity characteristics, and it is better to add the lithium precursor at a molar ratio of 0.12 or less when considering the cycle characteristics.
- the upper limit of the lithium precursor addition may vary. Still, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the amount of the lithium precursor can be determined with the addition amount of the lithium precursor that does not deteriorate the capacity and cycle characteristics as suggested in the present invention.
- Table 3 is data obtained by calculating the amounts of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 remaining in the active material from the measured pH.
- the total remaining lithium compound is the sum of the remaining amounts of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 .
- Example 2 has a residual lithium compound equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 1, whereas Example 4 has a Li 2 CO 3 residual amount that is 2-3 times higher than Comparative Example 1 or Example 2. It can be confirmed that.
- the residual Li 2 CO 3 content was large, and the residual lithium compound (lithium precursor) content may vary depending on what kind of lithium precursor is used.
- the amount of the remaining lithium compound can be set to 1.2 wt% or less.
- the amount of the remaining lithium compound is greater than 1.2 wt%, as in Example 4, the cycle characteristics deteriorate and the gas generation rate increases, which is not preferable.
- the remaining lithium compound varies depending on the type of the lithium precursor, it may affect the remaining amount of LiOH or Li 2 CO 3 , so the type of the lithium precursor or the type of the remaining lithium compound is not particularly limited.
- the lithium precursor is lithium from the results of Experimental Examples 1 and 2, lithium: other metal molar ratio If the amount of lithium can be further added in a molar ratio of 0.09 to 0.12 based on 1:1, it is preferable because properties equivalent to those of a fresh active material can be expected. Then, after all processes are completed to obtain a reusable active material, the amount of the lithium compound remaining in the active material may be 0.473 to 1.2 wt% as shown in Experimental Example 3.
- the surface coating was carried out with 500 ppm of boron. If the amount of boron is further increased, the amount of lithium combined with boron increases, so that the amount of the remaining lithium compound can be further reduced. Therefore, the lower limit of the amount of the remaining lithium compound is managed to be 0.0001 wt% or more, which is considered to be the measurable limit amount.
- the amount of the lithium precursor added should be appropriate.
- lithium was added in an amount that could be further added in a molar ratio of 0.0001 to 0.13, and the lifespan characteristics were improved based on the molar ratio of 0.12. It was confirmed that the deterioration was confirmed, and when 0.12 molar ratio was added (converted), the amount of the remaining lithium compound was 1.2 wt %.
- the amount of the lithium precursor is managed by limiting the amount of the remaining lithium compound in the final product as in the present invention, without saying that the amount of the lithium precursor is collectively within a certain range.
- the active material before surface modification by step s40 is sample 2, and the active material after surface modification is sample 3.
- the electrode capacity in Sample 3 was rapidly reduced. This is because, as mentioned above, Ni in the NCM-based active material is rock-chlorinated by moisture and the capacity is reduced.
- Sample 4 was subjected to surface modification and annealing after the first heat treatment. Sample 4 showed an increase in dose. This is because, although the capacity is reduced as in Sample 3 after the surface modification step, Ni rock salt is reduced through annealing after LiF is removed by the surface modification and the structure is restored to a hexagonal crystal.
- sample 7 was obtained by adding a lithium precursor in a 0.09 molar ratio compared to Sample 4 during annealing. It can be seen that by adding the lithium precursor in this way, the capacity is improved by supplementing the lithium lost in the previous steps. It was also confirmed that the dose of Sample 7 showed a dose improvement effect equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1 of Experimental Example 2 above.
- the active material can be recovered from the cathode scrap to a level that can be directly reused. It is safe because it does not use toxic and explosive solvents such as NMP, DMC, acetone, and methanol, and it is suitable for mass production because it uses simple and safe methods such as heat treatment, washing and drying, and annealing.
- toxic and explosive solvents such as NMP, DMC, acetone, and methanol
- the fresh active material used in this experiment was Sample 1 or Comparative Example 1, and as a result of the analysis, the B content was 500 mg/kg and the W content was 3100 mg/kg, which further contained B and W. As a result of measurement for Sample 2, the B content was reduced to 200 mg/kg and the W content to 2700 mg/kg. In Sample 3, Sample 4 and Sample 7, the B content was ND whether almost all B was removed, and the W content was greatly reduced to 200 mg/kg. Therefore, depending on the type of active material used initially, some elements may be lost during the process because some may be vulnerable to heat and moisture. Therefore, there may be cases in which it is difficult to completely recover properties by performing only the annealing step as in Sample 7.
- the surface coating step is to coat B and W in the case of this experimental example.
- B coating was performed compared to Example 1.
- the surface coating may act as a surface protective layer of the positive electrode active material.
- Surface coating can also be a process that replenishes a certain element that is lacking and at the same time rebuilds the surface protective layer in the fresh active material.
- the lithium precursor was added in an amount capable of further adding lithium in a 0.1 molar ratio based on a lithium: other metal molar ratio of 1:1. The lithium precursor added in an additional 0.1 molar ratio reacts with B to form a surface protective layer, and some remains.
- the amount of the residual lithium compound of Example 2 was 0.473 wt%, and the capacity was equal to or higher than that of Comparative Example 1, and the residual lithium compound was smaller than 1.2 wt%, which is the upper limit of the residual lithium compound with good lifespan characteristics. Therefore, it was evaluated as very desirable.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- (a)집전체 상에 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물 양극 활물질층을 포함하는 양극 스크랩을 공기 중 열처리하여 상기 활물질층 안의 바인더와 도전재를 열분해함으로써, 상기 집전체를 상기 활물질층으로부터 분리하고 상기 활물질층 안의 활물질을 회수하는 단계;(b)회수된 활물질을 세척 용액으로 수세하는 단계;(c)수세된 활물질에 리튬 전구체를 첨가하고 어닐링하는 단계; 및(d)어닐링된 활물질에 표면 코팅하는 선택적인 단계를 포함하여 재사용 가능한 활물질을 얻으며,상기 재사용 가능한 활물질 안의 잔존 리튬 화합물 양이 0.0001 ~ 1.2wt%이 되도록 상기 (c) 단계의 리튬 전구체 첨가양을 정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 열처리는 300 ~ 650℃에서 10분 내지 24시간 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 세척 용액은 물 또는 수용액 상태에서 염기성을 보이는 리튬 화합물 수용액이고, 상기 리튬 화합물 수용액은 0% 초과 15% 이하의 리튬 화합물을 함유하도록 제조되며, 상기 수세는 일주일 이내로 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 수세는 상기 회수된 활물질을 상기 리튬 화합물 수용액 함침과 동시에 교반하여 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전구체는 LiOH, Li2CO3, LiNO3 및 Li2O 중 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전구체는 리튬 : 다른 금속 몰 비 1 : 1을 기준으로 하여 리튬을 0.09 ~ 0.12 몰 비 더 첨가할 수 있는 양으로 첨가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 수세하는 단계 이후 건조 없이, 상기 수세한 활물질을 리튬 전구체 용액에 혼합하고 분무 건조함으로써 상기 (c) 단계의 리튬 전구체 첨가를 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 분무 건조하는 단계의 온도는 100 ~ 300℃인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 어닐링은 400 ~ 1000℃, 공기 중에서 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 어닐링하는 단계의 온도는 상기 리튬 전구체의 녹는점을 초과하는 온도인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 활물질층 안의 활물질은 분말 형태로 회수되며 상기 바인더나 도전재의 탄화로 생기는 탄소 성분이 표면에 남아 있지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 표면 코팅하는 단계는 금속, 유기 금속 및 탄소성분 중 1종 이상을 고상 또는 액상 방식으로 표면에 코팅 후 100 ~ 1200℃℃서 열처리하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 재사용 가능한 활물질은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.[화학식 1]LiaNixMnyCozMwO2+δ(상기 화학식 1에서, M은 B, W, Al, Ti 및 Mg로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하고, 1<a≤1.1, 0≤x<0.95, 0≤y<0.8, 0≤z<1.0, 0≤w≤0.1, -0.02≤δ≤0.02, x+y+z+w=1이다.)
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 재사용 가능한 활물질은 플루오린(F)의 함량이 100ppm 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 재사용 방법.
Priority Applications (4)
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| EP21861858.5A EP4178005A4 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2021-06-29 | METHOD FOR REUSE OF ACTIVE MATERIAL USING CATHODE WASTE |
| CN202180056006.9A CN116194604B (zh) | 2020-08-24 | 2021-06-29 | 利用正极废料的活性材料再利用方法 |
| US18/016,217 US12603338B2 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2021-06-29 | Active material recovery method using positive electrode scrap |
| JP2023504855A JP7457871B2 (ja) | 2020-08-24 | 2021-06-29 | 正極スクラップを用いた活物質の再使用方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP4178005A4 (ko) |
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| JP2025512355A (ja) * | 2022-11-23 | 2025-04-17 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 正極活物質の再生方法及びこれから再生された正極活物質 |
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| KR102887811B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-25 | 2025-11-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 스크랩을 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 |
| KR102887845B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-25 | 2025-11-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 스크랩을 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 |
| KR102742136B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-29 | 2024-12-11 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 스크랩을 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 |
| KR102887897B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-24 | 2025-11-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 활물질 회수 장치 및 이를 이용한 활물질 재사용 방법 |
| EP4485573A4 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2026-01-14 | Beijing Easpring Mat Tech Co Ltd | Precursor of lithium oxide positive electrode material, lithium oxide positive electrode material, their preparation processes and uses, positive electrode plate and its use |
| GB2643510A (en) * | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-25 | Altilium Metals Ltd | Recycled battery composition |
| CN119812551A (zh) * | 2025-03-13 | 2025-04-11 | 海辰储能装备(深圳)有限公司 | 一种锂电池极片膜料回收的方法 |
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Cited By (3)
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| JP2025512355A (ja) * | 2022-11-23 | 2025-04-17 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 正極活物質の再生方法及びこれから再生された正極活物質 |
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| EP4503263A4 (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2026-04-22 | Lg Energy Solution Ltd | METHOD FOR RECYCLING POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND RECYCLED POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FROM THEREOF |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN116194604B (zh) | 2025-12-02 |
| US20230275278A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
| JP2023535946A (ja) | 2023-08-22 |
| US12603338B2 (en) | 2026-04-14 |
| EP4178005A1 (en) | 2023-05-10 |
| EP4178005A4 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
| KR102887856B1 (ko) | 2025-11-17 |
| KR20220025410A (ko) | 2022-03-03 |
| JP7457871B2 (ja) | 2024-03-28 |
| CN116194604A (zh) | 2023-05-30 |
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