WO2022049961A1 - 錯化ポリマー、ゴム組成物、ゴム組成物の製造方法、及びゴム製品 - Google Patents
錯化ポリマー、ゴム組成物、ゴム組成物の製造方法、及びゴム製品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022049961A1 WO2022049961A1 PCT/JP2021/028671 JP2021028671W WO2022049961A1 WO 2022049961 A1 WO2022049961 A1 WO 2022049961A1 JP 2021028671 W JP2021028671 W JP 2021028671W WO 2022049961 A1 WO2022049961 A1 WO 2022049961A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/24—Incorporating phosphorus atoms into the molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2380/00—Tyres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a complex polymer, a rubber composition, a method for producing a rubber composition, and a rubber product.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for desulfurizing vulcanized rubber and regenerating it as unvulcanized rubber.
- crosslinked products of polymers such as vulcanized rubber are regenerated after being treated under harsh conditions, and therefore have to be deteriorated.
- rubber products using recycled rubber use recycled rubber.
- physical properties such as breaking strength are inferior to those of non-rubber products.
- the present inventor has found that a specific complexing polymer is recyclable and has the same performance as when it is new, and has completed the present invention. That is, the gist structure of the present invention that solves the above problems is as follows.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention comprises a polymer backbone containing conjugated diene units and / or olefin units and a functional group attached to the polymer backbone.
- the bond dissociation energy between the metal ion and the functional group is 200 kJ / mol or more.
- the rubber composition of one embodiment of the present invention is a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complexing polymer.
- the amount of sulfur in the rubber composition is 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the rubber composition of another embodiment of the present invention is a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complexing polymer.
- the content of the peroxide in the rubber composition is 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the method for producing a rubber composition according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complex polymer.
- the polymer main chain and the compound containing the functional group are kneaded to form a functionalized polymer in which the functional group is bonded to the polymer main chain.
- a metal salt is added and kneaded to complex the functionalized polymer to form a complexed polymer.
- the method for producing a rubber composition according to another embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complex polymer.
- the complexing polymer is formed in advance, and the previously formed complexing polymer is blended at the time of kneading.
- the rubber product of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned rubber composition.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a polymer that is recyclable and has the same performance as when it is new. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rubber composition containing such a polymer, a method for producing a rubber composition, and a rubber product.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention contains a polymer backbone containing conjugated diene units and / or olefin units and a functional group bonded to the polymer backbone, wherein the functional group contains a nitrogen atom and / or a phosphorus atom. It is a complex polymer that contains and is complexed with the metal ions of the elements of Groups 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table, and the bond dissociation energy between the metal ions and the functional group is 200 kJ / mol or more. It is a feature.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention contains a polymer main chain and a functional group, the functional group is complexed with a metal ion of an element of Group 7 to 10 of the periodic table, and the metal ion and a functional group are bonded. Since the dissociation energy is 200 kJ / mol or more, the polymer main chain is crosslinked with sufficient strength and has high durability. Further, since the bond between the metal ion and the functional group is not a bond due to sulfur as in general vulcanized rubber, the bond can be easily broken, and for example, it is fluidized by heating and remolded. be able to. As described above, since the bond can be easily broken, it is not necessary to expose the complexing polymer to harsh conditions in order to break the bond.
- the functionalized polymer containing the polymer main chain and the functional group produced by breaking the bond between the metal ion and the functional group does not need to be exposed to harsh conditions in order to break the bond, and thus the performance of the polymer main chain. Is maintained, and even if the functionalized polymer is complexed with metal ions to regenerate the complexed polymer, the same performance as when it is new can be maintained. Therefore, the complex polymer of the present invention is recyclable and has the same performance as when it is new even after recycling. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a novel polymer having a cross-linking form instead of sulfur cross-linking.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention comprises a polymer backbone containing conjugated diene units and / or olefin units. That is, the polymer backbone contains a conjugated diene unit or an olefin unit, or contains both a conjugated diene unit and an olefin unit.
- the number of polymer backbones is one or more.
- the complexing polymer forms a crosslinked structure in the molecule via metal ions.
- a crosslinked structure can be formed via metal ions not only within the molecule but also between the molecules (between the polymer main chains).
- the complex polymer has a plurality of functional groups in order to form a crosslinked structure, but the plurality of functional groups may be bonded to one polymer main chain or to two or more polymer main chains. They may be combined separately. Further, the plurality of functional groups may be the same or different.
- the conjugated diene unit is a monomer unit derived from a conjugated diene compound.
- the conjugated diene compound as a monomer preferably has 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the conjugated diene compound include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and the like.
- the conjugated diene compound as a monomer preferably contains 1,3-butadiene and / or isoprene from the viewpoint of good elastomeric properties.
- the ratio of the conjugated diene unit in the polymer main chain is not particularly limited and may be 0 mol%, but is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, and further preferably 100 mol%. There may be. When the above ratio is 1 mol% or more, a complex polymer having excellent elastomeric properties can be obtained.
- the olefin unit is a monomer unit derived from an olefin compound.
- the olefin compound as a monomer preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of such olefin compounds include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene and 1-octene, vinyl pivalate, 1-phenylthioethane, N-vinylpyrrolidone and the like. Examples thereof include heteroatomic substituted alkene compounds.
- the ratio of the olefin unit in the polymer main chain is not particularly limited and may be 0 mol%, preferably 1 mol% or more, and may be 100 mol%.
- the polymer backbone may contain units derived from the conjugated diene compound and / or other monomers copolymerizable with the olefin compound.
- Examples of the unit derived from such other monomers include aromatic vinyl units.
- the ratio of units derived from other monomers in the polymer main chain is not particularly limited and may be 0 mol%, but in one embodiment, 1 mol% or more is preferable, and 50 mol% or less is preferable.
- the aromatic vinyl unit is a monomer unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound.
- the aromatic vinyl compound refers to an aromatic compound substituted with at least a vinyl group.
- the aromatic vinyl compound as a monomer preferably has 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- aromatic vinyl compounds include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 2-ethylstyrene, and 3-ethylstyrene. , 4-Ethylstyrene and the like.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention contains a functional group bonded to the polymer main chain.
- the functional group contains a nitrogen atom and / or a phosphorus atom, and is complexed with a metal ion of an element of Group 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table.
- the functional group contains a nitrogen atom and / or a phosphorus atom and is complexed with the metal ion of the element of Group 7 to 10 of the periodic table, the bond between the functional group and the metal ion becomes strong, and the strength is equivalent to that of sulfur cross-linking. Crosslinks can be formed.
- the nitrogen-containing functional group a group containing a nitrogen-containing heterocycle such as a 4,5-dihydropyridazine ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazine ring, or a tetrazine ring is preferable.
- the functional group containing phosphorus include a group in which nitrogen in the nitrogen-containing heterocycle is replaced with phosphorus.
- the functional group does not contain a sulfur atom.
- the functional group does not contain a sulfur atom, cross-linking between the polymer main chains by the sulfur atom can be suppressed, and recyclability is improved.
- the bond dissociation energy between the metal ion and the functional group is preferably 200 kJ / mol or more, preferably 250 kJ / mol or more, and more preferably 500 kJ / mol or less. preferable.
- the bond dissociation energy is 200 kJ / mol or more, a crosslink having the same strength as the sulfur crosslink can be formed, the durability of the complexed polymer can be sufficiently ensured, and when the bond dissociation energy is 250 kJ / mol or more, the complexing is performed. The durability of the polymer is further improved.
- the bond dissociation energy is 500 kJ / mol or less, the bond between the metal ion and the functional group can be more easily broken, and the complex polymer can be recycled more easily.
- the bond dissociation energy between the metal ion and the functional group is M06 / 6-31G (d, p) // B3PW91-D3 / 6-31G (d, p) level or M06 / 6-31G. (D, p) level, a value calculated in vacuum. It is considered that the metal ion and the functional group form an ionic aggregate. Gaussian 09 or GRRM 14 can be used to calculate the bond dissociation energy.
- the metal ion and the functional group are bonded by a coordinate bond. If it is a coordination bond, sufficient reversibility can be imparted to the bond between the metal ion and the functional group. Further, in the case of a coordinate bond, the metal ion and the functional group are likely to form a bond having sufficient strength, the complexing polymer is easily flowed by heating, the remolding is facilitated, and the complexing polymer is recycled. The sex is further improved.
- the functional group is derived from a compound containing a triazine ring or a tetrazine ring.
- the compound containing the triazine ring or the tetrazine ring has high reactivity with the polymer main chain, and easily forms a functionalized polymer by reacting with the polymer main chain.
- the nitrogen-containing functional group derived from the compound containing the triazine ring or the tetrazine ring is easily confused with the metal ion of the element of Group 7 to 10 of the periodic table, and can form a crosslink having the same strength as the sulfur crosslink.
- the triazine ring or the tetrazine ring of the compound containing the triazine ring or the tetrazine ring is preferably bonded to a pyridyl group or a pyrimidinyl group, and further, two pyridyl groups or a pyrimidinyl group are bonded to the triazine ring or the tetrazine ring. preferable.
- the pyridyl group may be a 2-pyridyl group, a 3-pyridyl group, or a 4-pyridyl group, but a 2-pyridyl group is preferable.
- the pyrimidinyl group may be a 2-pyrimidinyl group, a 4-pyrimidinyl group, or a 5-pyrimidinyl group.
- the functional group has the following general formula (1): [In the formula, X 1 and X 2 are independently pyridyl or pyrimidinyl groups, respectively, and Y 1 and Y 2 are independently single bond or divalent hydrocarbon groups, respectively. ] Is preferably derived from the compound represented by.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) tends to undergo a Diels-Alder reaction with a polymer main chain containing a conjugated diene unit and / or an olefin unit, and easily forms a functionalized polymer.
- the functional group is derived from the compound represented by the general formula (1)
- the functional group and the metal ion of the element of Group 7 to 10 of the periodic table are particularly likely to be complexed, and the bond dissociation energy is particularly likely to be high. , It is possible to form a crosslinked structure with even higher strength.
- X 1 and X 2 are independently pyridyl groups or pyrimidinyl groups, respectively. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, X 1 and X 2 are preferably pyridyl groups.
- the pyridyl group may be a 2-pyridyl group, a 3-pyridyl group or a 4-pyridyl group, but a 2-pyridyl group is preferable.
- the pyrimidinyl group may be a 2-pyrimidinyl group, a 4-pyrimidinyl group, or a 5-pyrimidinyl group.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are independently single-bonded or divalent hydrocarbon groups, respectively.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group include an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an arylene group and the like. More specifically, the alkylene group includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group and the like, and the alkenylene group includes a vinylene group, a propenylene group, a butenylene group and the like, and the arylene group includes an arylene group. , Phenylene group, tolylen group, naphthylene group and the like. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, Y 1 and Y 2 are preferably single bonds (that is, X 1 and X 2 are preferably directly bonded to the tetrazine ring).
- X 1 and X 2 in the above general formula (1) are pyridyl groups, and Y 1 and Y 2 are single bonds.
- the compound of the formula (1) is easily available, is particularly liable to be complexed with the metal ions of the elements of Groups 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table, the bond dissociation energy is particularly liable to be high, and the cross-linking has even higher strength. Can form a structure.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include 3,6-di (2-pyridyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 3,6-di (3-pyridyl) -1,2, 4,5-Tetrazine, 3,6-di (4-pyridyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3,6-di (2-pyridylmethyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3 , 6-di (2-pyridylethyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3- (2-pyridylmethyl) -6- (2-pyridylethyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3 , 6-di (2-pyrimidinyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3,6-di (4-pyrimidinyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 3,6-di (5-pyrimidinyl) ) -1,2,4,5-Tetraz
- the functional group is preferably bonded in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mol% with respect to the monomer unit in the polymer main chain, preferably 0.3 to 8 mol%. It is more preferably 0.4 to 5 mol%, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3 mol%.
- the functional group is bonded in an amount of 0.1 mol% or more with respect to the monomer unit in the polymer main chain, a crosslink having a strength equivalent to that of sulfur crosslink can be formed, and a complex polymer having sufficient durability can be obtained. can get.
- the functional group is bonded in an amount of 10 mol% or less with respect to the monomer unit in the polymer main chain, a complexing polymer having sufficient elastomeric properties can be easily obtained.
- the metal ion complexing with the functional group is preferably a metal ion of an element of Group 7 to 10 of the periodic table, and preferably a metal ion of an element of Group 8 of the periodic table.
- the elements of Group 7 of the periodic table include manganese, rhenium and the like.
- the elements of Group 8 of the periodic table include iron, rutenylm, and osmium.
- the elements of Group 9 of the periodic table include cobalt, rhodium, and iridium.
- the elements of Group 10 of the periodic table include nickel, palladium, platinum and the like.
- the metal ions of the elements of Groups 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table tend to have strong bonds with functional groups. Further, when the metal ion is a metal ion of an element of Group 8 of the periodic table, the bond with the functional group is likely to be stronger, and a crosslink having the same strength as the sulfur crosslink can be formed.
- the valences of the ions are not particularly limited, and any possible valence of each element can be taken.
- iron ion is particularly preferable.
- the iron ion tends to have a particularly strong bond with a functional group containing a nitrogen atom and / or a phosphorus atom, and can form a stronger crosslinked structure.
- the valence of iron ions is preferably divalent (Fe 2+ ) or trivalent (Fe 3+ ).
- the metal ion is complexed by adding a metal salt to the polymer main chain to which the functional group is bonded.
- the complexing polymer can be easily obtained, and a crosslink having the same strength as the sulfur crosslink can be formed.
- the form of the metal salt to be added is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a hydrate or the like.
- the amount of the metal salt added is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 parts by mass, and further preferably in the range of 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer main chain.
- the range of 1 to 5 parts by mass is preferable, and a range of 1 to 5 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- metal salt examples include metal halides, metal sulfates, metal nitrates, and the like, and among these, metal halides are preferable.
- Metal halides are easy to handle and can more easily form crosslinks of the same strength as sulfur crosslinks.
- metal halide examples include metal fluoride, metal bromide, metal bromide, metal iodide, and the like, and among these, metal chloride is preferable.
- the chlorinated metal is easy to handle and can more easily form a crosslink having the same strength as the sulfur crosslink.
- the metal salt examples include FeCl 2 , FeCl 2.4H 2 O, FeCl 3, FeCl 3.6H 2 O and the like . Further, the metal salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a compound containing a nitrogen and / or phosphorus-containing functional group is reacted with a polymer chain to form a functionalized polymer in which a nitrogen and / or phosphorus-containing functional group is bonded to the polymer chain. It can be synthesized by complexing the functionalized polymer with the metal ions of the elements of Groups 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table.
- the compound containing a nitrogen-containing functional group the above-mentioned compound containing a triazine ring or a tetrazine ring is preferable, and the compound represented by the general formula (1) is more preferable.
- the reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and time are the polymer chain to be used and the compound containing a nitrogen and / or phosphorus-containing functional group. It is preferable to make an appropriate selection according to the type and reactivity of the above. Further, in the complexing reaction between the functionalized polymer and the metal ion, it is preferable to appropriately select the reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and time according to the functionalized polymer to be used, the type of the metal ion and the reactivity. ..
- 3,6-di (2-pyridyl) -1,2,4,5-tetrazine is used as a compound containing a nitrogen-containing functional group
- iron chloride (FeCl 2 ) is used as a raw material for metal ions.
- the reaction scheme of the functionalization of the polymer backbone and the complexation of the functionalized polymer is shown below.
- a Diels-Alder reaction between a polymer chain containing a conjugated diene unit and / or an olefin unit and a compound containing a nitrogen-containing functional group is carried out. Generates a functionalized polymer. In this embodiment, nitrogen is eliminated during the Diels-Alder reaction, but any other reaction may be used for the functionalization reaction.
- the complexing polymer is produced by the complexing of the functionalized polymer and iron chloride.
- the mode in which the nitrogen atom in the tetrazine residue, the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group bonded to the tetrazine residue, and the iron ion are complexed is shown, but the complexing polymer of the present invention is shown. Can take various complexing modes.
- the complexing polymer may further have other functional groups that do not complex with the metal ions of the elements of Groups 7 to 10 of the Periodic Table.
- Such other functional groups are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the physical characteristics of the target complexing polymer and the like.
- the complexed polymer of the present invention may be prepared in advance by synthesizing or the like as described above, but for example, as described in the section of the rubber composition manufacturing method described later, the rubber composition manufacturing process ( It may be generated by in situ).
- the rubber composition of the present invention contains the above complex polymer.
- the rubber composition of the present invention is recyclable and contains the complexing polymer having the same performance as when it is new, so that it is recyclable (for example, it can be remolded by a heating press), and also. Has the same performance as when new.
- the rubber composition of one embodiment of the present invention contains the above-mentioned complexing polymer as a rubber component.
- the rubber composition of the present invention may contain a rubber component other than the above-mentioned complex polymer, and examples of the rubber component include natural rubber (NR), synthetic diene-based rubber, and non-diene-based rubber.
- the synthetic diene rubber includes synthetic isoprene rubber (IR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-isoprene rubber (SIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and ethylene-butadiene co-weight.
- the rubber component of the rubber composition preferably has a proportion of the complex polymer of 10% by mass or more, and may have a proportion of the complex polymer of 100% by mass.
- the complexed polymer is a resin component when the polymer main chain contains an olefin unit and does not contain a conjugated diene unit.
- any rubber can be used as the rubber component of the rubber composition, and the above-mentioned natural rubber (NR), synthetic diene-based rubber, non-diene-based rubber, or the like can be used as the rubber component.
- NR natural rubber
- synthetic diene-based rubber non-diene-based rubber, or the like
- a thermoplastic resin or the like can be used as a resin component.
- a thermoplastic resin a polyolefin-based resin, a polyamide-based resin, a polyester-based resin (PET, etc.) and the like can be used.
- the rubber composition of the present invention contains a compounding agent commonly used in the rubber industry, for example, a filler (carbon black, silica, etc.), a softener, stearic acid, and aging.
- a compounding agent commonly used in the rubber industry
- An inhibitor, a silane coupling agent, or the like may be appropriately selected and blended within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
- Commercially available products can be preferably used as these compounding agents.
- the rubber composition of the present invention preferably contains or does not contain a small amount of sulfur and peroxide.
- the rubber composition of the present invention may contain a vulcanization accelerator, and preferably contains a vulcanization accelerator.
- the vulcanization accelerator preferably contains a sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator.
- the amount of sulfur in the rubber composition is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and the amount of sulfur is 0 parts by mass. May be. Since such a rubber composition has a small amount of sulfur, it has few sulfur-derived crosslinked structures (SS bond, CS bond, etc.) that are difficult to cleave once formed, and is easy to recycle.
- the content of peroxide in the rubber composition is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the content of the peroxide may be 0 parts by mass. Since such a rubber composition has a low content of peroxide, it has few crosslinked structures (CC bonds and the like) caused by peroxides that are difficult to cleave once formed, and is easy to recycle.
- the amount of sulfur in the rubber composition is 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and the excess in the rubber composition.
- the content of the oxide is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Since such a rubber composition has a small amount of sulfur and a small content of peroxide, a crosslinked structure (SS bond, CS bond, CC bond, etc.) derived from sulfur and caused by the peroxide is formed. Less and easier to recycle.
- the method for producing a rubber composition of the present invention is a method for producing a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complexing polymer.
- the above-mentioned complexing polymer may be produced in the process of producing the rubber composition.
- the method for producing a rubber composition according to an embodiment of the present invention is a functionalized polymer in which a functional group is bonded to a polymer main chain by kneading a polymer main chain and a compound containing a functional group in the first step of kneading. Form. Further, in the method for producing a rubber composition according to an embodiment of the present invention, a metal salt is added and kneaded in the second and subsequent stages of kneading to complex the functionalized polymer to form a complex polymer. do. Such a method for producing a rubber composition is excellent in productivity because a complexing polymer can be prepared during the production of the rubber composition (kneading of the rubber composition).
- the complexing of the functionalized polymer by the addition of the metal salt can be carried out at any stage after the second stage of kneading. Further, in the first stage and the second and subsequent stages of kneading, any compounding agent as described above may be blended at the same time. Further, as the compound containing a functional group, the above-mentioned compound containing a triazine ring or a tetrazine ring is preferable, and the compound represented by the general formula (1) is more preferable.
- the method for producing the rubber composition of the present invention is not limited to the above method.
- the complex polymer is formed in advance, and the previously formed complex polymer is blended at the time of kneading.
- the rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complex polymer can be easily produced by such a method for producing a rubber composition, and the productivity is also excellent.
- a functionalized polymer in which a functional group is bonded to a polymer main chain is prepared in advance, and in the first step of kneading, the functionalized polymer and optionally the functionalized polymer are used.
- the compounding agent of No. 1 and the above-mentioned compounding agent are kneaded, and a metal salt is added and kneaded to complex the functionalized polymer to form a complexed polymer.
- the rubber composition containing the above-mentioned complex polymer can be easily produced by such a method for producing a rubber composition, and the productivity is also excellent.
- the rubber product of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned rubber composition. Since the rubber product of the present invention contains the rubber composition containing the above-mentioned recyclable complex polymer, it is recyclable and has the same performance as when it is new even after recycling.
- the rubber product of the present invention is preferably a tire.
- the rubber part of the tire has sufficient durability even after it is worn, and by recycling the rubber part, it can be recycled as a tire.
- Examples of the application site of the above-mentioned rubber composition in a tire include, but are not limited to, treads, sidewalls, side reinforcing rubbers, bead fillers, and the like.
- a carcass layer made of a rubber composition, a belt layer, a tread layer, and other members normally used for tire manufacturing are sequentially laminated on a tire forming drum, the drum is removed, and the tire is heated if desired. Can be manufactured.
- the rubber product of the present invention may be other than a tire, and may be, for example, a vibration-proof rubber, a seismic isolation rubber, a belt (conveyor belt), a rubber crawler, various hoses, or the like.
- a rubber composition was produced using a normal Banbury mixer with the formulation shown in Table 1.
- kneading was carried out in the order of the first step and the second step of kneading, and in the example, iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate was added in the second step of kneading to form a complex polymer.
- the first stage of kneading was performed at 140 ° C. for 3 minutes, and the second stage of kneading was performed at 80 ° C. for 1 minute.
- the tensile strength (Tb) and elongation at break (Eb) of the obtained rubber composition were measured by the following methods.
- the bond dissociation energy between the iron ion and the nitrogen-containing functional group is 249.7 kJ / mol.
- Tb (MPa) Tensile strength was obtained by preparing a JIS No. 7 dumbbell-shaped test piece from the rubber composition and conducting a tensile test at room temperature (23 ° C.) and high temperature (100 ° C.) in accordance with JIS K6251. And elongation at break (Eb (%)) was measured.
- the rubber composition of the example according to the present invention has the same physical properties (tensile properties) as the rubber composition of the comparative example using sulfur cross-linking.
- the rubber composition of the example according to the present invention has the same physical properties (tensile characteristics) at high temperature (100 ° C.) as the rubber composition of the comparative example using sulfur cross-linking.
- the rubber composition of the example according to the present invention can be remolded (recycled), and further, the physical characteristics after remolding (after recycling) are the same as those at the time of new product.
- the complex polymer and rubber composition of the present invention can be used for various rubber products such as tires.
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Abstract
Description
加硫ゴムの再生方法としては、例えば、2軸押出機を使用して、加硫ゴムに熱と剪断力を加えることにより再生を行う方法が知られている。
また、下記特許文献1では、加硫ゴムを脱硫して未加硫のゴムとして再生する技術が提案されている。
また、本発明は、かかるポリマーを含むゴム組成物、ゴム組成物の製造方法、及びゴム製品を提供することを更なる課題とする。
前記官能基が、窒素原子及び/又はリン原子を含み、且つ、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと錯化している、錯化ポリマーであって、
前記金属イオンと前記官能基との結合解離エネルギーが、200kJ/mol以上であることを特徴とする。
前記ゴム組成物中の硫黄量が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して0.3質量部以下であることを特徴とする。
前記ゴム組成物中の過酸化物の含有量が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して0.3質量部以下であることを特徴とする。
混練の第一段階において、ポリマー主鎖と官能基を含む化合物とを混練することで、ポリマー主鎖に官能基が結合した官能化ポリマーを形成し、
混練の第二段階以降において、金属塩を添加し、混練することで、前記官能化ポリマーを錯化して、錯化ポリマーを形成することを特徴とする。
前記錯化ポリマーを予め形成し、予め形成しておいた該錯化ポリマーを混練時に配合することを特徴とする。
また、本発明によれば、かかるポリマーを含むゴム組成物、ゴム組成物の製造方法、及びゴム製品を提供することができる。
本発明の錯化ポリマーは、共役ジエン単位及び/又はオレフィン単位を含むポリマー主鎖と、該ポリマー主鎖に結合した官能基と、を含み、前記官能基が、窒素原子及び/又はリン原子を含み、且つ、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと錯化している、錯化ポリマーであって、前記金属イオンと前記官能基との結合解離エネルギーが、200kJ/mol以上であることを特徴とする。
また、前記金属イオンと前記官能基との結合は、一般的な加硫ゴムのような硫黄による結合ではないため、容易に結合を解くことができ、例えば、加熱により流動して、再成型することができる。このように、容易に結合を解くことができるため、結合を解くために、錯化ポリマーを過酷な条件に曝す必要が無い。そして、金属イオンと官能基との結合を解くことで生成するポリマー主鎖と官能基とを含む官能化ポリマーは、結合を解くために過酷な条件に曝す必要が無いため、ポリマー主鎖の性能が維持されており、また、該官能化ポリマーを金属イオンと錯化して、錯化ポリマーを再生させても、新品時と同等の性能を維持できる。
従って、本発明の錯化ポリマーは、リサイクル可能であり、また、リサイクル後も、新品時と同等の性能を有する。また、本発明によれば、硫黄架橋に代わる架橋形態を有する新規ポリマーを提供することができる。
本発明の錯化ポリマーは、共役ジエン単位及び/又はオレフィン単位を含むポリマー主鎖を含む。即ち、該ポリマー主鎖は、共役ジエン単位又はオレフィン単位を含むか、共役ジエン単位及びオレフィン単位の両方を含む。ここで、ポリマー主鎖の数は1つ以上である。ポリマー主鎖が1つの場合、該錯化ポリマーは、分子内で、金属イオンを介して架橋構造を形成する。また、ポリマー主鎖が2つ以上の場合は、分子内に加えて、分子間(ポリマー主鎖間)でも、金属イオンを介して架橋構造を形成することができる。なお、前記錯化ポリマーは、架橋構造を形成するために、官能基を複数有するが、複数の官能基は、1つのポリマー主鎖に結合してもよいし、2つ以上のポリマー主鎖に別々に結合していてもよい。また、複数の官能基は、同一でも、異なっていてもよい。
前記ポリマー主鎖中の共役ジエン単位の割合は、特に限定されず、0mol%でもよいが、0.1mol%以上であることが好ましく、1mol%以上であることが更に好ましく、また、100mol%であってもよい。上記割合が1mol%以上であると、エラストマー性に優れる錯化ポリマーが得られる。
前記ポリマー主鎖中のオレフィン単位の割合は、特に限定されず、0mol%でもよいが、1mol%以上が好ましく、また、100mol%であってもよい。
前記芳香族ビニル単位は、芳香族ビニル化合物に由来するモノマー単位である。該芳香族ビニル化合物とは、少なくともビニル基で置換された芳香族化合物を指す。モノマーとしての芳香族ビニル化合物は、炭素数が8~10であることが好ましい。かかる芳香族ビニル化合物として、具体的には、スチレン、α-メチルスチレン、2-メチルスチレン、3-メチルスチレン、4-メチルスチレン、2,4-ジメチルスチレン、2-エチルスチレン、3-エチルスチレン、4-エチルスチレン等が挙げられる。
本発明の錯化ポリマーは、前記ポリマー主鎖に結合した官能基を含む。該官能基は、窒素原子及び/又はリン原子を含み、且つ、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと錯化している。官能基が窒素原子及び/又はリン原子を含み、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと錯化することで、官能基と金属イオンとの結合が強くなり、硫黄架橋と同等の強度の架橋を形成できる。窒素を含む官能基としては、4,5-ジヒドロピリダジン環、ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、テトラジン環等の含窒素複素環を含む基が好ましい。また、リンを含む官能基としては、前記の含窒素複素環中の窒素をリンに置き換えた基等が挙げられる。
ここで、前記官能基は、硫黄原子を含まないことが好ましい。官能基が硫黄原子を含まない場合、硫黄原子によるポリマー主鎖間の架橋を抑制でき、リサイクル性が向上する。
なお、前記ピリジル基は、2-ピリジル基でも、3-ピリジル基でも、4-ピリジル基でもよいが、2-ピリジル基が好ましい。また、前記ピリミジニル基は、2-ピリミジニル基でも、4-ピリミジニル基でも、5-ピリミジニル基でもよい。
本発明の錯化ポリマーにおいて、前記官能基と錯化する金属イオンは、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンであり、周期表8族の元素の金属イオンであることが好ましい。
具体的には、周期表7族の元素としては、マンガン、レニウム等が挙げられる。
また、周期表8族の元素としては、鉄、ルテニルム、オスミウム等が挙げられる。
また、周期表9族の元素としては、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム等が挙げられる。
また、周期表10族の元素としては、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等が挙げられる。
周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンは、官能基との結合が強くなり易い。また、金属イオンが、周期表8族の元素の金属イオンである場合、官能基との結合が更に強くなり易く、硫黄架橋と同等の強度の架橋を形成できる。
なお、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンに関して、イオンの価数は特に限定されず、各元素の取り得る任意の価数をとることができる。
本発明の錯化ポリマーは、例えば、ポリマー鎖に、窒素及び/又はリン含有官能基を含む化合物を反応させ、ポリマー鎖に窒素及び/又はリン含有官能基が結合した官能化ポリマーを形成し、該官能化ポリマーと、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと、を錯化させることで合成できる。ここで、窒素含有官能基を含む化合物としては、上述のトリアジン環又はテトラジン環を含む化合物が好ましく、一般式(1)で表される化合物が更に好ましい。また、ポリマー鎖と、窒素及び/又はリン含有官能基を含む化合物との反応において、温度、圧力、時間等の反応条件は、使用するポリマー鎖や、窒素及び/又はリン含有官能基を含む化合物の種類、反応性に応じて、適宜選択することが好ましい。また、官能化ポリマーと金属イオンとの錯化反応において、温度、圧力、時間等の反応条件は、使用する官能化ポリマーや、金属イオンの種類、反応性に応じて、適宜選択することが好ましい。
本発明のゴム組成物は、上記の錯化ポリマーを含む。本発明のゴム組成物は、リサイクル可能であり、新品時と同等の性能を有する前記錯化ポリマーを含むため、リサイクル可能であり(例えば、加熱プレスにより、再成型が可能であり)、また、新品時と同等の性能を有する。
また、ゴム組成物のゴム成分は、上記錯化ポリマーの割合が10質量%以上であることが好ましく、上記錯化ポリマーの割合が100質量%であってもよい。
本発明のゴム組成物の製造方法は、上記の錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物の製造方法である。なお、上記の錯化ポリマーは、ゴム組成物の製造過程で生成させてもよい。
なお、金属塩の添加による官能化ポリマーの錯化は、混練の第二段階以降の任意の段階で実施できる。また、混練の第一段階、第二段階以降では、上述したような、任意の配合剤を同時に配合してもよい。また、官能基を含む化合物としては、上述のトリアジン環又はテトラジン環を含む化合物が好ましく、一般式(1)で表される化合物が更に好ましい。
本発明のゴム製品は、上記のゴム組成物を含むことを特徴とする。かかる本発明のゴム製品は、上述のリサイクル可能な錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物を含むため、リサイクル可能であり、また、リサイクル後でも、新品時と同等の性能を有する。
上述のゴム組成物のタイヤにおける適用部位としては、例えば、トレッド、サイドウォール、サイド補強ゴム及びビードフィラー等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
ガラス瓶の中で、旭化成社製「タフデン2000R」(スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、共役ジエン単位を含むポリマー主鎖)(50g)をTHF600(mL)に溶かした。該ガラス瓶に、3,6-ジ(2-ピリジル)-1,2,4,5-テトラジン(東京化成工業社製、2.4g、10mmol)を加え、3時間加熱還流した。得られた溶液を60℃で7時間減圧乾燥することで、官能化ポリマーAを50g得た。
なお、得られた官能化ポリマーAは、金属イオンと錯化可能な官能基の量が、ポリマー主鎖中のモノマー単位に対して1.2mol%である。
ガラス瓶の中で、旭化成社製「タフデン2000R」(スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、共役ジエン単位を含むポリマー主鎖)(50g)をTHF600(mL)に溶かした。該ガラス瓶に、3,6-ジ(2-ピリジル)-1,2,4,5-テトラジン(東京化成工業社製、1.8g、7.5mmol)と4-フェニル-1,2,4-トリアゾリン-3,5-ジオン(東京化成工業社製、0.44g、0.25mmol)を加え、3時間加熱還流した。得られた溶液を60℃で7時間減圧乾燥することで、官能化ポリマーBを50g得た。
なお、得られた官能化ポリマーBは、金属イオンと錯化可能な官能基の量が、ポリマー主鎖中のモノマー単位に対して0.9mol%である。
表1に示す配合処方で、通常のバンバリーミキサーを用いて、ゴム組成物を製造した。なお、混練第一段階、第二段階の順に混練を行い、実施例においては、混練の第二段階で、塩化鉄(II)4水和物を加え、錯化ポリマーを形成した。混練第一段階は、140℃で3分間行い、混練第二段階は、80℃で1分間行った。得られたゴム組成物に対し、下記の方法で引張強さ(Tb)、破断時伸び(Eb)を測定した。
ゴム組成物からJIS 7号ダンベル状試験片を作製し、JIS K6251に準拠して、室温(23℃)及び高温(100℃)で引張試験を行うことによって、引張強さ(Tb(MPa))及び破断時伸び(Eb(%))を測定した。
得られたゴム組成物をモールドに投入し、160℃で30分加熱して、再成型を行った。再成型後のゴム組成物に対して、上記の方法で、Tb、Ebを測定した。
また、再成型を合計3回行い、各ゴム組成物のリサイクル性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。表1中、「不可」は、1度も再成型できなかったことを示し、「3回以上」は、3回再成型できたことを示す。
*2 官能化ポリマーA: 上記の方法で合成
*3 官能化ポリマーB: 上記の方法で合成
*4 シリカ: 東ソー・シリカ社製、「ニップシールAQ」
*5 カーボンブラック: 東海カーボン社製、「N234」
*6 オイル: JX日鉱日石エネルギー社製、「JOMO PROCESS NC300BN」
*7 ワックス: 精工化学社製、「サンタイトA」
*8 老化防止剤: 大内新興化学工業社製、「ノクラック6C」
*9 シランカップリング剤: ビス(トリエトキシシリルプロピル)ポリスルフィド
*10 加硫促進剤A: ビス(2-ベンゾチアゾリル)ペルスルフィド
*11 加硫促進剤B: N-tert-ブチル-2-ベンゾチアゾリールスルフェンアミド
*12 加硫促進剤C: ジフェニルグアニジン
また、表1から、本発明に従う実施例のゴム組成物は、再成型(リサイクル)可能であり、更に、再成型後(リサイクル後)の物性が、新品時と同等であることが分かる。
Claims (19)
- 共役ジエン単位及び/又はオレフィン単位を含むポリマー主鎖と、該ポリマー主鎖に結合した官能基と、を含み、
前記官能基が、窒素原子及び/又はリン原子を含み、且つ、周期表7~10族の元素の金属イオンと錯化している、錯化ポリマーであって、
前記金属イオンと前記官能基との結合解離エネルギーが、200kJ/mol以上であることを特徴とする、錯化ポリマー。 - 前記金属イオンと前記官能基とが、配位結合で結合している、請求項1に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記官能基が、トリアジン環又はテトラジン環を含む化合物に由来する、請求項1又は2に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記トリアジン環又は前記テトラジン環に、ピリジル基又はピリミジニル基が結合している、請求項3に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記トリアジン環又は前記テトラジン環に、ピリジル基又はピリミジニル基が2つ結合している、請求項4に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 上記一般式(1)中のX1及びX2が、ピリジル基であり、Y1及びY2が、単結合である、請求項6に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記金属イオンが、周期表8族の元素の金属イオンである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記金属イオンが、鉄イオンである、請求項8に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記金属イオンは、前記官能基が結合したポリマー主鎖に、金属塩を添加することで錯化される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記金属塩が、金属のハロゲン化物である、請求項10に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記金属塩が、金属の塩素化物である、請求項11に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 前記官能基が、前記ポリマー主鎖中のモノマー単位に対して0.1~10mol%の量で結合している、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマー。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物であって、
前記ゴム組成物中の硫黄量が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して0.3質量部以下であることを特徴とする、ゴム組成物。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物であって、
前記ゴム組成物中の過酸化物の含有量が、ゴム成分100質量部に対して0.3質量部以下であることを特徴とする、ゴム組成物。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物の製造方法であって、
混練の第一段階において、ポリマー主鎖と官能基を含む化合物とを混練することで、ポリマー主鎖に官能基が結合した官能化ポリマーを形成し、
混練の第二段階以降において、金属塩を添加し、混練することで、前記官能化ポリマーを錯化して、錯化ポリマーを形成することを特徴とする、ゴム組成物の製造方法。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の錯化ポリマーを含むゴム組成物の製造方法であって、
前記錯化ポリマーを予め形成し、予め形成しておいた該錯化ポリマーを混練時に配合することを特徴とする、ゴム組成物の製造方法。 - 請求項14又は15に記載のゴム組成物を含むことを特徴とする、ゴム製品。
- タイヤである、請求項18に記載のゴム製品。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180054558.6A CN116034038B (zh) | 2020-09-04 | 2021-08-02 | 络合聚合物、橡胶组合物、橡胶组合物的制造方法以及橡胶制品 |
| EP21864019.1A EP4209359A4 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2021-08-02 | Complex polymer, rubber composition, method for manufacturing rubber composition, and rubber product |
| US18/043,040 US20230322965A1 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2021-08-02 | Complex polymer, rubber composition, method for manufacturing rubber composition, and rubber product |
| JP2022546173A JP7812789B2 (ja) | 2020-09-04 | 2021-08-02 | 錯化ポリマー、ゴム組成物、ゴム組成物の製造方法、及びゴム製品 |
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| WO2022049961A1 true WO2022049961A1 (ja) | 2022-03-10 |
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| US (1) | US20230322965A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4209359A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7812789B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN116034038B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2022049961A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023176105A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 錯化ポリマー及びその製造方法、並びに、ゴム組成物及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025211120A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-04 | 2025-10-09 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 錯化ポリマー、錯化ポリマーの配位結合を解く方法、及び錯化ポリマーの配位結合を再形成する方法 |
| WO2025225620A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-25 | 2025-10-30 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 共役ジエン系重合体の溶解方法、ゴム組成物及びその製造方法、並びに接着剤及びそれを用いた積層体 |
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| JPWO2023163232A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 |
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- 2021-08-02 JP JP2022546173A patent/JP7812789B2/ja active Active
- 2021-08-02 WO PCT/JP2021/028671 patent/WO2022049961A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-02 CN CN202180054558.6A patent/CN116034038B/zh active Active
- 2021-08-02 US US18/043,040 patent/US20230322965A1/en active Pending
- 2021-08-02 EP EP21864019.1A patent/EP4209359A4/en active Pending
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| WO2023176105A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 錯化ポリマー及びその製造方法、並びに、ゴム組成物及びその製造方法 |
| JP2023138145A (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-29 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 錯化ポリマー及びその製造方法、並びに、ゴム組成物及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025211120A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-04 | 2025-10-09 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 錯化ポリマー、錯化ポリマーの配位結合を解く方法、及び錯化ポリマーの配位結合を再形成する方法 |
| WO2025225620A1 (ja) * | 2024-04-25 | 2025-10-30 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 共役ジエン系重合体の溶解方法、ゴム組成物及びその製造方法、並びに接着剤及びそれを用いた積層体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4209359A1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
| JPWO2022049961A1 (ja) | 2022-03-10 |
| CN116034038B (zh) | 2025-08-08 |
| CN116034038A (zh) | 2023-04-28 |
| US20230322965A1 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
| EP4209359A4 (en) | 2024-03-06 |
| JP7812789B2 (ja) | 2026-02-10 |
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