WO2022061851A1 - 电池 - Google Patents

电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022061851A1
WO2022061851A1 PCT/CN2020/118276 CN2020118276W WO2022061851A1 WO 2022061851 A1 WO2022061851 A1 WO 2022061851A1 CN 2020118276 W CN2020118276 W CN 2020118276W WO 2022061851 A1 WO2022061851 A1 WO 2022061851A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
pole piece
battery
end point
side wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/118276
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖良针
曾巧
胡乔舒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to CN202310036858.2A priority Critical patent/CN115882124B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/118276 priority patent/WO2022061851A1/zh
Priority to KR1020237005634A priority patent/KR20230031974A/ko
Priority to CN202080010067.7A priority patent/CN113383448B/zh
Priority to EP20954702.5A priority patent/EP4203138A4/en
Publication of WO2022061851A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022061851A1/zh
Priority to US18/188,708 priority patent/US20230246247A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a battery.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have many advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, high nominal voltage, low self-discharge rate, small size, and light weight, and are widely used in consumer electronics. With the rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile electronic devices in recent years, people have higher and higher requirements for the energy density, safety, and cycle performance of batteries.
  • a battery generally includes an electrode assembly and a case for receiving and sealing the electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a separator, and a negative pole piece.
  • the distance between the electrode assembly and the terminal tab side of the casing is relatively large, and the space of the casing is not enough. It is not fully utilized, which is not conducive to the improvement of battery energy density and space utilization.
  • the present application provides a battery including an electrode assembly and a case.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece and an isolation membrane, and the isolation membrane is located between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece, the separator and the second pole piece are wound around a central axis along the first direction.
  • the shell includes a curved surface and a plurality of side walls. A plurality of side walls are surrounded to form recesses for arranging electrode assemblies, and at least one of the junctions of any three adjacent side walls is connected by a curved surface.
  • the three adjacent side walls include a first side wall formed by a main plane parallel to the first direction, a second side wall parallel to the first direction and at an angle to the first side wall, and a second side wall parallel to the first direction.
  • the third side wall is angled in direction.
  • the distance between the junction of the projection of the curved surface and the projection of the second side wall and the projection of the third side wall is R, and the first pole piece has an area with a distance L1 along the first direction to the third side wall, and L1 is less than R, wherein , the above projections are all orthographic projections on a plane parallel to the first side wall.
  • L1 is the minimum distance from the first pole piece to the third side wall.
  • L1 satisfies the following relationship: 0.25R ⁇ L1 ⁇ R.
  • the minimum distance between the second pole piece and the third side wall is L2, and L2 satisfies the following relationship: L2 ⁇ R.
  • the first pole piece includes a first part and a second part connected to the first part, the first part and the second part are arranged along the first direction, and viewed from the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first part and the second part are arranged along the first direction.
  • the first part includes the first layer
  • the second pole piece includes the first layer
  • the first layer of the second pole piece and the first layer of the first part are stacked
  • the first layer of the second pole piece is located on the side of the first layer of the first part close to the central axis
  • the second part includes the first layer
  • the first layer of the second part is connected to the first layer of the first part
  • the first layer of the second part is connected to the first layer of the first part.
  • the first layer of the two parts is bent towards the first layer of the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece are respectively wound to form a multi-layer structure.
  • the first part further includes a second layer, the second layer of the first part is stacked and adjacent to the first layer of the second pole piece, and the second layer of the first part is located on the first layer of the second pole piece
  • the second part further includes a second layer, the second layer of the second part is connected to the second layer of the first part, the second layer of the second part is stacked with the first layer of the second part, and the second layer of the second part is stacked with the first layer of the second part.
  • the second layer of the two parts is bent toward the same side as the first layer of the second part.
  • the second pole piece further includes a second layer, the second layer of the second pole piece is stacked with the second layer of the first part, and the second layer of the second pole piece is located in the second layer of the first part
  • the second layer of the second portion is bent toward the second layer of the second pole piece near the side of the central axis.
  • the first part further includes a third layer, the third layer of the first part is stacked with the second layer of the second pole piece, and the third layer of the first part is located near the center of the second layer of the second pole piece
  • the second part further includes a third layer, the third layer of the second part is connected to the third layer of the first part, the third layer of the second part is stacked with the second layer of the second part, and the third layer of the second part is stacked with the second layer of the second part.
  • the third layer is bent toward the same side as the second layer of the second portion.
  • the first layer of the second part includes a first end point and a second end point that are opposite to each other, the first end point is connected to the first layer of the first part, and the second end point is far away from the first end point of the first part.
  • the straight line distances from the first endpoint and the second endpoint to the curved surface along the third direction are D1 and D2 respectively, and D1 is greater than D2.
  • the second layer of the second part includes a third end point and a fourth end point opposite to each other, the third end point is connected to the second layer of the first part, and the fourth end point is far away from the second layer of the first part,
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the third end point and the first end point in the third direction is D3
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the fourth end point and the second end point in the third direction is D4, and D3 is greater than D4.
  • the third layer of the second part includes a fifth end point and a sixth end point opposite to each other, the fifth end point is connected to the third layer of the first part, and the sixth end point is far away from the third layer of the first part,
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the fifth end point and the third end point in the third direction is D5
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the sixth end point and the fourth end point in the third direction is D6, and D5 is greater than D6.
  • the second pole piece further includes a third layer, the third layer of the second pole piece is stacked with the third layer of the first part, and the third layer of the second pole piece is located in the third layer of the first part
  • the third layer of the second part is bent toward the third layer of the second pole piece
  • the first part also includes a fourth layer, and the fourth layer of the first part is stacked with the third layer of the second pole piece, The fourth layer of the first part is located on the side of the third layer of the second pole piece close to the central axis
  • the second part further includes a fourth layer, the fourth layer of the second part is connected to the fourth layer of the first part, and the second part is The angle between the fourth layer and the fourth layer of the first part is zero.
  • the fourth layer of the second part includes an opposite seventh terminal and an eighth terminal, the seventh terminal is connected to the fourth layer of the first part, and the eighth terminal is far away from the fourth layer of the first part,
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the seventh endpoint and the fifth endpoint in the third direction is D7
  • the distance between the orthographic projections of the eighth endpoint and the sixth endpoint in the third direction is D8, and D7 is greater than D8.
  • the edge of the isolation film is exposed from the edge of the first pole piece.
  • the length of the edge of the isolation film exposed from the edge of the first pole piece is 0.5 mm to 10 mm.
  • the isolation film is further arranged between the first layer of the second part and the adjacent curved surface.
  • the included angle between the line connecting the first end point and the second end point and the first direction is less than 30° and greater than 0°.
  • the included angle between the line connecting the first end point and the second end point and the first direction is less than 18° and greater than 0°.
  • the second pole piece includes a current collector and an active material layer disposed on the surface of the current collector, and in the first direction, an edge of the current collector and an edge of the active material layer are flush.
  • the three adjacent side walls of the casing are connected by curved surfaces, and the first pole piece protrudes into the space corresponding to the concave portion of the casing and the curved surface, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the concave portion of the casing, and further The overall energy density of the battery is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application along the Y direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial electron computed tomography imaging of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial electron computed tomography imaging of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial electron computed tomography imaging of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial electron computed tomography imaging of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • spatially relative terms such as “on” and the like, may be used herein for convenience of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device or apparatus in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “above” or “over” other elements or features would then be oriented “below” or “beneath” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “upper” can include both an orientation of above and below.
  • an element, component, region, layer and/or section when referred to as being "between" two elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, it can be both The only element, component, region, layer and/or section between layers and/or sections, or one or more intervening elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections may also be present.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections may not be shall be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments.
  • first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other and parallel to the main plane of the casing
  • the second side wall of the casing may be arranged along the first direction X
  • the third side wall of the casing may be along the first direction X.
  • the Z direction is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the battery 100 includes an electrode assembly 10 and a casing 30 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the casing 30 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a first pole piece 11 , a second pole piece 13 and an isolation film 15 .
  • the isolation film 15 is located between the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 13, and the first pole piece 11, the isolation film 15 and the second pole piece 13 are wound around the central axis OO along the first direction X and have a flat surface. portion (ie, flat portion 10a).
  • the housing 30 includes a curved surface 31 and a plurality of side walls 34 .
  • a plurality of side walls 34 surround and form a concave portion 301 for disposing the electrode assembly 10 .
  • at least one of the junctions of any adjacent three side walls 34 is connected by the curved surface 31 .
  • the three adjacent side walls 34 include a first side wall 341 formed by a main plane parallel to the first direction X, and a second side wall 341 parallel to the first direction X and arranged at an angle to the first side wall 341. 342 and a third side wall 343 arranged at an angle to the first direction X.
  • the angle between the second side wall 342 and the first side wall 341 is greater than 0 and less than 180°, and the angle between the third side wall 343 and the first direction X is greater than 0 and less than 180°.
  • the angle between the second side wall 342 and the first side wall 341 is 85° to 95°
  • the angle between the third side wall 343 and the first direction X is 85° to 95°.
  • the second side wall 342 is perpendicular to the first side wall 341
  • the third side wall 343 is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the connection between the second side wall 342 and the first side wall 341 may be a circular arc
  • the connection between the third side wall 343 and the first side wall 341 may be a circular arc.
  • the curved surface 31 is connected to the first side wall 341 by the edge 311 , the curved surface 31 is connected to the second side wall 342 by the edge 312 , and the curved surface 31 is connected to the third side wall 343 by the edge 313 .
  • the orthographic projection of the curved surface 31 on the plane parallel to the first side wall 341 and the orthographic projection of the second side wall 342 on the plane parallel to the first side wall 341 have a connection 340 .
  • the distance between the orthographic projection of the plane where the third side wall 343 is located on the plane parallel to the first side wall 341 is R.
  • the first pole piece 11 has an area along the first direction X with a distance L1 from the third side wall 343 , where L1 is smaller than R, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the concave portion 301 of the casing 30 and improving the overall energy of the battery at the same time density.
  • L1 may further satisfy the following relationship: 0.25R ⁇ L1 ⁇ R. While improving the battery space utilization rate and the battery energy density, the risk of contact or extrusion between the first pole piece 11 and the casing 30 is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery and damage to the casing.
  • the length of the first pole piece 11 is greater than the length of the second pole piece 13 .
  • the first pole piece 11 is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece 13 is a positive pole piece, thereby reducing the risk of lithium ion precipitation, thereby improving the service life of the battery.
  • the minimum distance from the second pole piece 13 to the third side wall 343 is L2. In some embodiments, preferably, L2 is smaller than R, so as to further improve the battery space utilization and the energy density of the battery.
  • the housing 30 will be further described below.
  • the housing 30 includes portions 2A and 2B, wherein the portions 2A and 2B cooperate to encapsulate the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the portion 2A of the case 30 includes a recessed portion 301 and an encapsulation portion 302 , wherein the electrode assembly 10 is disposed in the recessed portion 301 .
  • the concave portion 301 includes an opening 301 a, and the encapsulation portion 302 is formed along the periphery of the concave portion 301 by extending from the opening 301 a toward the direction away from the center of the opening 301 a.
  • the portion 2B of the housing 30 includes a connecting portion 304 and an encapsulating portion 303 .
  • the encapsulation portion 303 is formed to extend from the peripheral edge of the connection portion 304 in a direction away from the center of the connection portion 304 .
  • the encapsulation portion 302 and the encapsulation portion 303 are adhered to each other to seal the electrode assembly 10 provided in the concave portion 301 .
  • the material of the casing 30 can be, for example, at least but not limited to aluminum-plastic film, plastic material, metal material or composite material of plastic and metal.
  • the concave portion 301 includes five side walls 34 , including a first side wall 341 , and two second side walls 342 (ie, the second side walls) disposed parallel to opposite ends of the first side wall 341 . wall 342a and the second side wall 342b), and two third side walls 343 (ie, the third side wall 343a and the third side wall 343b) disposed parallel to the other opposite ends of the first side wall 341.
  • Each second sidewall 342 and each third sidewall 343 are perpendicular to the first sidewall 341
  • the second sidewall 342 and the third sidewall 343 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second side wall 342 a , the third side wall 343 a , the second side wall 342 b and the third side wall 343 b are sequentially arranged along the periphery of the first side wall 341 .
  • the junction of the first side wall 341, the second side wall 342a and the third side wall 343a is connected by the curved surface 31a; the junction of the first side wall 341, the third side wall 343a and the second side wall 342b is connected by The curved surface 31b is connected; the junction of the first side wall 341, the second side wall 342b and the third side wall 343b is connected by the curved surface 31c; the first side wall 341, the third side wall 343b and the second side wall 342a are connected are connected by the curved surface 31d.
  • FIG 4 is a view of the battery 100 viewed from the side of the first side wall 341 away from the portion 2B along a direction perpendicular to the first side wall 341 , ie, the Z direction, which is referred to as view Z in this application.
  • the region corresponding to the concave portion 301 is referred to as the region R1
  • the region corresponding to the encapsulation portion 302 is referred to as the region R2.
  • the outer edge of the region R1 includes a side S1 corresponding to the second side wall 342a, a side S2 corresponding to the third side wall 343a, a side S3 corresponding to the second side wall 342b, and a side corresponding to the third side wall 343b S4.
  • the outer edge of the region R1 further includes a curved edge A1 corresponding to the curved surface 31a, a curved edge A2 corresponding to the curved surface 31b, a curved edge A3 corresponding to the curved surface 31c, and a curved edge A4 corresponding to the curved surface 31d.
  • One end connecting the curved side A1 and the side S1 is the end AS1, and one end connecting the curved side A1 and the side S2 is the end AS2.
  • the end connecting the curved side A2 and the side S2 is the end AS3, and the end connecting the curved side A2 and the side S3 is the end AS4.
  • the end connecting the curved side A3 and the side S3 is the end AS5, and the end connecting the curved side A3 and the side S4 is the end AS6.
  • the end connecting the curved side A4 and the side S4 is the end AS7, and the end connecting the curved side A4 and the side S1 is the end AS8.
  • An auxiliary line H1 is formed along the Y direction from the end AS1 of the curved edge A1, wherein the auxiliary line H1 may also pass through the end AS4 of the curved edge A2.
  • An auxiliary line H2 is formed from the end AS2 of the curved edge A1 along the first direction X, wherein the auxiliary line H2 may also pass through the end AS7 of the curved edge A4.
  • An auxiliary line H3 is formed from the end AS3 of the curved edge A2 along the first direction X, wherein the auxiliary line H3 may also pass through the end AS6 of the curved edge A3.
  • An auxiliary line H4 is formed along the Y direction from the end AS5 of the curved side A3, wherein the auxiliary line H4 may also pass through the end AS8 of the curved side A4.
  • the area enclosed by the auxiliary line H1, the auxiliary line H2, and the curved side A1 is defined as an area AR1.
  • the area enclosed by the auxiliary line H1, the auxiliary line H3, and the curved side A2 is defined as an area AR2.
  • the area enclosed by the auxiliary line H3, the auxiliary line H4, and the curved side A3 is defined as an area AR3.
  • the area enclosed by the auxiliary line H2, the auxiliary line H4, and the curved side A4 is defined as an area AR4.
  • the auxiliary line H1 , the auxiliary line H2 , the auxiliary line H3 and the auxiliary line H4 are virtual auxiliary lines, which do not need to exist in the actual product.
  • the positional relationship between the electrode assembly 10 and the casing 30 will be further described below.
  • the positional relationship between the electrode assembly 10 and the case 30 can be confirmed by an X-ray electron microscope, and can also be confirmed by other existing techniques.
  • the region corresponding to the electrode assembly 10 is referred to as the region E.
  • the outer edge of the region E includes side SS1 and side SS3 extending along the first direction X and arranged oppositely, and side SS2 and side SS4 arranged oppositely along the Y direction.
  • Side SS1 is arranged adjacent to side S1 compared to side SS3
  • side SS2 is arranged adjacent to side S2 compared to side SS4
  • side SS3 is arranged adjacent to side S3 compared to side SS1
  • side SS4 is arranged adjacent to side S4 compared to side SS2.
  • the side SS1 includes an end portion ST1 and an end portion ST2, wherein the end portion ST1 is closer to the curved side A1 than the end portion ST2, and the end portion ST2 is closer to the curved side A4 than the end portion ST1.
  • the side SS2 includes an end portion ST3 and an end portion ST4, wherein the end portion ST3 is closer to the curved side A1 than the end portion ST4, and the end portion ST4 is closer to the curved side A2 than the end portion ST3.
  • the side SS3 includes an end portion ST5 and an end portion ST6, wherein the end portion ST5 is closer to the curved side A2 than the end portion ST6, and the end portion ST6 is closer to the curved side A3 than the end portion ST5.
  • the side SS4 includes an end portion ST7 and an end portion ST8, wherein the end portion ST7 is closer to the curved side A3 than the end portion ST8, and the end portion ST8 is closer to the curved side A4 than the end portion ST7.
  • the curved edge connecting the end portion ST1 and the end portion ST3 in the area E is at least partially located in the area AR1.
  • the curved edge connecting the end ST4 and the end ST5 in the area E is at least partially located in the area AR2.
  • the curved edge connecting the end ST6 and the end ST7 in the area E is at least partially located in the area AR3.
  • the curved edge connecting the end ST2 and the end ST8 in the area E is at least partially located in the area AR4.
  • the end ST3 may be located in the area AR1
  • the end ST4 may be located in the area AR2
  • the end ST7 may be located in the area AR3
  • the end ST8 may be located in the area AR4, thereby improving the space utilization of the battery and the battery Energy Density.
  • the end ST1 may be located in or outside the area AR1, the end ST5 may be located in or outside the area AR2, the end ST6 may be located in or outside the area AR3, and the end ST2 may be located in the area AR4 or outside the area AR4 outside.
  • the end ST1 may be located in the area AR1
  • the end ST5 may be located in the area AR2
  • the end ST6 may be located in the area AR3
  • the end ST2 may be located in the area AR4, so as to further improve the space utilization of the battery and the battery Energy Density.
  • the region corresponding to the first pole piece 11 is taken as the region E1
  • the region corresponding to the second pole piece 13 is taken as the region E2
  • the region corresponding to the isolation film 15 is taken as the region E3.
  • the side SS1 and the side SS3 can be used as the outer edges of the area E2 along the first direction X.
  • the side SS2 and the side SS4 can be used as the outer edges of the area E3 in the Y direction.
  • the outer edge of the area E1 includes side SX1 and side SX3 extending along the first direction X and arranged oppositely, and side SX2 and side SX4 extending along the Y direction and arranged oppositely.
  • Edge SX1 is set adjacent to edge S1 compared to edge SX3
  • edge SX2 is set adjacent to edge S2 compared to edge SX4
  • edge SX3 is set adjacent to edge S3 compared to edge SX4
  • edge SX2 is set adjacent to edge S4 compared to edge SX2.
  • the outer edge of the area E1 also includes a curved edge C1, a curved edge C2, a curved edge C, and a curved edge C4.
  • the curved side C1 connects the end of the side SX1 toward the curved side A1 and the side SX2 toward the end of the curved side A1, and the curved side C1 is at least partially located in the area AR1.
  • the curved side C2 connects the end of the side SX2 toward the curved side A2 and the end of the side SX3 toward the curved side A2, and the curved side C2 is located at least partially in the area AR2.
  • the curved side C3 connects the end of the side SX3 toward the curved side A3 and the end of the side SX4 toward the curved side A3, and the curved side C3 is located at least partially in the area AR3.
  • the curved edge C4 connects the end of the side SX4 toward the curved side A4 and the end of the side SX1 toward the curved side A4, and the curved side C4 is located at least partially in the area AR4.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is further described below.
  • the first pole piece 11 may include a first current collector 110A and a first active material layer 110B that are provided in layers.
  • the first current collector 110A may at least include, but is not limited to, one or two of conductive metal sheets such as nickel foil and copper foil.
  • the first active material layer 110B may include at least but not limited to artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, graphene, mesocarbon microspheres, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate or other energy One or more of the metals that form an alloy with lithium. Taking FIG. 5 as an example, the first active material layer 110B is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first current collector 110A. Taking FIGS.
  • the edges of the first active material layer 110B located on the opposite surfaces of the first current collector 110A are flush with the edges of the first current collector 110A, respectively.
  • the first active material layer 110B may also be provided only on one side of the first current collector 110A. Taking FIG. 10 as an example, in the first direction X, the edge of the first active material layer 110B may not be flush with the edge of the first current collector 110A.
  • the second pole piece 13 may include a second current collector 130A and a second active material layer 130B that are provided in layers.
  • the second current collector 130A may at least include, but is not limited to, one or more of conductive metal sheets such as aluminum mesh, aluminum foil, and copper foil.
  • the second active material layer 130B may include at least but not limited to lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, vanadium phosphate One or more of lithium oxy, lithium iron phosphate, and lithium-rich manganese-based materials. Taking FIG.
  • the second active material layer 130B is disposed on two opposite surfaces of the second current collector 130A. Taking FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 as examples, preferably, in the first direction X, the edges of the second active material layer 130B located on the opposite surfaces of the second current collector 130A and the edges of the second current collector 130A are respectively flush, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery. In some embodiments, the second active material layer 130B may also be disposed only on one side of the second current collector 130A. Taking FIG. 10 as an example, in the first direction X, the edge of the second active material layer 130B may not be flush with the edge of the second current collector 130A.
  • the separator 15 includes, but is not limited to, at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and aramid.
  • the polyethylene includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • polyethylene and polypropylene they have a good effect on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of lithium-ion batteries through the shutdown effect.
  • the surface of the separator can also include a porous layer, the porous layer is disposed on at least one surface of the separator, the porous layer includes inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles can be selected from but not limited to aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), oxide Silicon (SiO 2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), hafnium dioxide (HfO 2 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), ceria (CeO 2 ), nickel oxide (NiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium oxide (CaO), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), silicon carbide (SiC), boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium sulfate A combination of one or more of.
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • SiO 2 oxide Silicon
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • HfO 2
  • the binder can be selected from but not limited to polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, A combination of one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyhexafluoropropylene.
  • the porous layer can improve the heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrolyte wettability of the separator, and enhance the adhesion between the separator and the positive electrode or negative electrode.
  • the first pole piece 11 , the isolation film 15 and the second pole piece 13 are stacked to form a stack, and then the stack is wound for many times to form the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first pole piece 11 Correspondingly, a multi-layer structure is formed, and the second pole piece 13 is also correspondingly formed in a multi-layer structure.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a flat portion 10a and a plurality of bent end portions 10b in one direction, that is, the Y direction in the figure, and the plurality of bent end portions 10b are respectively distributed on two opposite sides of the center of the flat portion 10a of the battery 100 along the Y direction. side, in Figure 5, are the left and right sides, respectively.
  • the first pole piece 11 is located inside the second pole piece 13 .
  • the first pole piece 11 may also be located outside the second pole piece 13 .
  • the first pole piece 11 includes a first part 111 and a second part 113 connected to the first part 111 , and the first part 111 and the second part 113 are arranged along the first direction X.
  • the second pole piece 13 and the first portion 111 overlap, and the second portion 113 extends beyond the second pole piece 13 along the first direction X, wherein the first The connection between the part 111 and the second part 113 is G1.
  • the cross-sectional structures of the battery 100 along different directions and at different depths are observed through the direction of electronic computed tomography imaging.
  • FIG. 7 , FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are respectively an example of the electronic computed tomography imaging of the battery 100 along the direction perpendicular to the first side wall 341 at different imaging depths, so as to observe the battery 100 along the direction parallel to the first side wall 341 .
  • Cross-sectional structures of the battery 100 with different depths in the direction perpendicular to the first sidewall 341 that is, in the Z direction. Therefore, the related structures of the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 13 in FIGS. 7 , 8 and 9 described later correspond to the bent end portion 10 b of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the following sections describe the first layer 111 a , the second layer 111 b and the third layer 111 c respectively and the first layer 111 a , the second layer 111 b and the third layer 111 c in the bent end portion 10 b of the electrode assembly 10
  • Each layer of the pole piece 11 corresponds to the intersection of KK; the first layer 13a and the second layer 13b respectively correspond to the intersection of each layer of the second pole piece 13 in the bent end 10b of the electrode assembly 10 and KK.
  • the number of winding turns of the first pole piece 11 and the number of winding turns of the second pole piece 13 in the electrode assembly 10 may be different from those shown in FIG.
  • the imaging depth may be different from KK, and the imaging depth is different, the electronic computer
  • the number of layers of the first pole piece 11 and the number of layers of the second pole piece 13 of the bent end portion 10b of the electrode assembly 10 that can be observed by tomographic imaging may be different, and FIG. 5 is only an example.
  • the first part 111 includes the first layer 111 a
  • the second pole piece 13 includes the first layer 13 a
  • the first The layer 13a is stacked and adjacent to the first layer 111a of the first portion 111 .
  • the first layer 13a is located on the side of the first layer 111a close to the central axis O-O.
  • the second portion 113 includes a first layer 113a extending from one end of the first layer 111a, and the first layer 113a is bent toward the first layer 13a.
  • the first layer 113a includes a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 opposite to each other.
  • the first terminal B1 is connected to the first layer 111 a of the first part 111
  • the second terminal B2 is far away from the first layer 111 a of the first part 111 .
  • the linear distances from the first end point B1 and the second end point B2 to the adjacent curved surface 31 along a third direction are D1 and D2, respectively, wherein D1 is greater than D2.
  • the third direction is perpendicular to the second sidewall 342 .
  • the third direction is not limited to the direction perpendicular to the second sidewall 342 , but can also be other directions to the curved surface 31 .
  • the included angle r1 between the connection line between the first end point B1 and the second end point B2 and the first direction X is less than 30° and greater than 0°, which better suppresses the breaking of the first layer 113a and reduces the There is a risk that the active material in the first active material layer 110B on the first layer 113a will fall off when the first layer 113a is bent. More preferably, the included angle r1 between the line connecting the first end point B1 and the second end point B2 and the first direction X is less than 18° and greater than 0°.
  • the first part 111 may further include a second layer 111b, and the second layer 111b of the first part 111 and the first layer 13a of the second pole piece 13 are stacked and disposed adjacent to each other.
  • the second layer 111b of the first part 111 is located on the side of the first layer 13a of the second pole piece close to the central axis O-O.
  • the second part 113 may further include a second layer 113b formed to extend from one end of the second layer 111b.
  • the second layer 113b and the first layer 113a are stacked, and the second layer 113b and the first layer 113a are bent toward the same side.
  • the second layer 113b includes opposite third and fourth terminals B3 and B4.
  • the third terminal B3 is connected to the second layer 111b of the first part 111, and the fourth terminal B4 is far away from the second layer 111b of the first part.
  • the distance between the third end point B3 and the first end point B1 in the Y direction is D3
  • the distance between the fourth end point B4 and the second end point B2 in the Y direction is D4, wherein D3 is greater than D4.
  • the included angle r2 between the connection line between the third end point B3 and the fourth end point B4 and the first direction X is less than 30° and greater than 0°, thereby reducing the risk of the second layer 113b being broken and reducing the second layer 113b at the same time.
  • the included angle r2 between the line connecting the third end point B3 and the fourth end point B4 and the first direction X is less than 18° and greater than 0°.
  • the angle r2 between the line connecting the third end B3 and the fourth end B4 and the first direction X is smaller than the angle r1 between the line connecting the first end B1 and the second end B2 and the first direction X.
  • the bending starting point M2 when the second layer 113b is bent is located between the bending starting point M1 and the second end point B2 when the first layer 113a is bent.
  • the second pole piece 13 may further include a second layer 13b, the second layer 13b of the second pole piece 13 and the second layer 111b of the first part 111 are stacked, and the second layer 13b of the second pole piece 13 is located on the side of the first part 111
  • the second layer 111b is close to the side of the central axis OO.
  • the second layer 113b is bent toward the second layer 13b of the second pole piece 13 .
  • the first part 111 may further include a third layer 111c, the third layer 111c is stacked with the second layer 13b of the second pole piece 13, and the third layer 111c is located at a position of the second layer 13b of the second pole piece 13 close to the central axis OO side.
  • the second part 113 may further include a third layer 113c extending from one end of the third layer 111c.
  • the third layer 113c and the second layer 113b are stacked, and the third layer 113c and the second layer 113b are bent toward the same side.
  • the third layer 113c includes opposite fifth and sixth terminals B5 and B6.
  • the fifth terminal B5 is connected to the third layer 111 c of the first part 111
  • the sixth terminal B6 is far away from the third layer 111 c of the first part 111 .
  • the distance between the fifth end point B5 and the third end point B3 in the Y direction is D5
  • the distance between the sixth end point B6 and the fourth end point B4 in the Y direction is D6, wherein D5 is greater than D6.
  • the included angle r3 between the connection line between the fifth end point B5 and the sixth end point B6 and the first direction X is less than 30° and greater than 0°, thereby reducing the risk of breaking the third layer 113c and reducing the risk of breaking the third layer 113c
  • the included angle r3 between the line connecting the fifth end point B5 and the sixth end point B6 and the first direction X is less than 18° and greater than 0°.
  • the angle r3 between the line connecting the fifth end point B5 and the sixth end point B6 and the first direction X is smaller than the angle r2 between the line connecting the third end point B3 and the fourth end point B4 and the first direction X.
  • the bending starting point M3 when the third layer 113c is bent is located between the bending starting point M2 and the fourth end point B4 when the second layer 113b is bent.
  • the second pole piece 13 may further include a third layer 13c, the third layer 13c of the second pole piece 13 and the third layer 111c of the first part 111 are stacked, and the third layer 13c of the second pole piece 13 is located in the first part 111
  • the third layer 111c is close to the side of the central axis OO.
  • the third layer 113c is bent toward the third layer 13c of the second pole piece 13 .
  • the first part 111 may further include a fourth layer 111d, the fourth layer 111d is stacked with the third layer 13c of the second pole piece 13, and the fourth layer 111d is located at a position of the third layer 13c of the second pole piece 13 close to the central axis OO side.
  • the second part 113 may further include a fourth layer 113d formed to extend from one end of the fourth layer 111d. In this embodiment, the included angle between the fourth layer 113d and the fourth layer 111d is zero.
  • the fourth layer 113d includes an opposite seventh terminal B7 and an eighth terminal B8.
  • the seventh terminal B7 is connected to the fourth layer 111 d of the first part 111
  • the eighth terminal B8 is far away from the fourth layer 111 d of the first part 111 .
  • the distance between the seventh end point B7 and the fifth end point B5 in the Y direction is D7
  • the distance between the eighth end point B8 and the sixth end point B6 in the Y direction is D7, wherein D7 is greater than D8.
  • the second pole piece 13 may further include an outer layer 13A, the outer layer 13A and the first layer 111a of the first portion 111 are stacked, and the outer layer 13A is located at a distance from the first layer 111a of the first portion 111 away from the central axis OO One side, that is, between the first layer 111 a of the first portion 111 and the adjacent second side wall 342 .
  • the number of layers of the second part in the electrode assembly 10 is not limited to the above-described situation, and the number of layers of the bent second part is also not limited to the above-described situation.
  • the edge of the isolation film 15 may extend beyond the edge of the first pole piece 11 , thereby reducing the risk of contact between the first pole piece 11 and the second pole piece 13 .
  • the length of the edge of the isolation film 15 beyond the edge of the first pole piece 11 is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, so that the second part 113 of the first pole piece 11 is bent in the first direction X.
  • the edge of the second part 113 can be exceeded, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit caused by the bending of the second part 113 of the first pole piece 11 .
  • the isolation film 15 also needs to be arranged between the first layer 113a and the adjacent curved surface 31, so as to avoid contact or extrusion between the first layer 113a and the adjacent curved surface 31, and to avoid the inner layer of the casing being punctured and caused by The shell is galvanically corroded.
  • the battery 100 further includes a first tab 101 and a second tab 103 .
  • One end of the first tab 101 is accommodated in the casing 30 and connected to the first pole piece 11 , and the other end extends outside the casing 30 .
  • One end of the second pole tab 103 is accommodated in the casing 30 and connected to the second pole piece 13 , and the other end extends outside the casing 30 .
  • the battery 100 of the present application further includes an electrolyte, which may be one or more of a gel electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, and an electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
  • an electrolyte which may be one or more of a gel electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, and an electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent.
  • the lithium salt is selected from LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2.
  • LiPF 6 can be chosen as the lithium salt because it can give high ionic conductivity and improve cycle characteristics.
  • the non-aqueous solvent may be a carbonate compound, a carboxylate compound, an ether compound, other organic solvents, or a combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned carbonate compound may be a chain carbonate compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, a fluorocarbonate compound, or a combination thereof.
  • Examples of the above-mentioned chain carbonate compound are dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), ethylpropyl carbonate (EPC), carbonic acid Methyl ethyl ester (MEC) and combinations thereof.
  • Examples of cyclic carbonate compounds are ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), and combinations thereof.
  • fluorocarbonate compounds are fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene carbonate Ethyl carbonate, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1,2-dicarbonate Fluoro-1-methylethylene, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, and combinations thereof.
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene carbonate Ethyl carbonate 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate
  • 1,2-dicarbonate Fluoro-1-methylethylene 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, trifluoromethyl
  • carboxylate compounds are methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone , caprolactone, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, and combinations thereof.
  • ether compounds examples include dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethyl ether Oxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof.
  • Examples of the above-mentioned other organic solvents are dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2-dioxolane, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Formamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and phosphate esters and combinations thereof.
  • the positive active material lithium cobaltate, the conductive agent acetylene black, and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are mixed in a mass ratio of 94:3:3, and then N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is added as a solvent to prepare a solid.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the content of the slurry is 75%, and stir well.
  • the slurry was uniformly coated on one surface of an aluminum foil with a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, dried at 90°C, and cold-pressed to obtain a positive electrode sheet with a positive active material layer thickness of 100 ⁇ m, and then applied to the other surface of the positive electrode sheet.
  • the above steps are repeated to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with a positive electrode active material layer on both sides. Cut the positive pole piece and weld the aluminum tab for use.
  • the negative electrode active material artificial graphite and the binder styrene-butadiene rubber are mixed in a mass ratio of 98:2, then deionized water is added as a solvent to prepare a slurry with a solid content of 70%, and the mixture is stirred evenly.
  • the slurry was uniformly coated on one surface of a copper foil with a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, dried at 110° C., and after cold pressing, a negative electrode pole piece with a negative electrode active material layer thickness of 150 ⁇ m was obtained on one side coated with a negative electrode active material layer, Then, the above coating steps are repeated on the other surface of the negative electrode pole piece to obtain a negative electrode pole piece coated with a negative electrode active material layer on both sides. Cut the negative pole piece and weld the nickel tab for use.
  • Alumina and polyacrylate were mixed in a mass ratio of 90:10 and dissolved in deionized water to form a ceramic slurry with a solids content of 50%. Then, the ceramic slurry was uniformly coated on one side of the porous substrate (polyethylene, thickness 7 ⁇ m, average pore size 0.073 ⁇ m, porosity 26%) by gravure coating, and dried to obtain a ceramic coating
  • the bilayer structure with the porous substrate, the thickness of the ceramic coating is 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • Polyvinylidene fluoride and polyacrylate were mixed in a mass ratio of 96:4 and dissolved in deionized water to form a polymer slurry with a solids content of 50%. Then, the polymer slurry is uniformly coated on both surfaces of the above-mentioned double-layer structure of the ceramic coating layer and the porous substrate by the gravure coating method.
  • the coating thickness is 2 ⁇ m.
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent In an environment with a water content of less than 10 ppm, the non-aqueous organic solvents ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propylene carbonate (PC), propyl propionate (PP), vinylene carbonate ( VC) mix according to mass ratio 20:30:20:28:2, then in non-aqueous organic solvent, add lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) to dissolve and mix to obtain electrolyte, wherein, LiPF 6 and the mass ratio of non-aqueous organic solvent 8:92.
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • the above-prepared positive pole piece (equivalent to the second pole piece), separator, and negative pole piece (equivalent to the first pole piece) are stacked in order, so that the separator is placed in the middle of the positive and negative pole pieces. , and rolled to obtain an electrode assembly (as shown in Figure 5).
  • the R value of the case is 2.3mm
  • the length, width and thickness of the case are designed according to the size of the electrode assembly, so that when the electrode assembly is installed in the case, L1 is set to 1.6mm, L2 is set to 2.4mm, the length of the edge of the isolation film exposed from the edge of the first pole piece (negative pole piece) is 0.4mm, and then the prepared electrolyte is injected, and the left
  • the liquid injection port on the side of the casing is sealed by hot pressing to obtain a lithium ion battery.
  • the edge of the positive electrode current collector is flush with the edge of the positive electrode active material layer
  • the edge of the negative electrode current collector is flush with the edge of the negative electrode active material layer
  • the thickness of the lithium ion battery is 4mm
  • the width is 35mm
  • the length is 80mm.
  • the batteries prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to energy density test and drop test, and the test structures were recorded in Table 1 below. Among them, the test method of energy density and the method of drop test are as follows.
  • the lithium-ion battery that has reached a constant temperature is charged at a constant current of 0.5C to a voltage of 4.4V, then charged at a constant voltage of 4.4V to a current of 0.05C, and discharged at 0.5C to a voltage of 3.0V, and the discharge capacity is recorded.
  • Energy density discharge capacity/(length*width*thickness of lithium-ion battery).
  • each face or corner is subjected to a drop test for one round. After each round of testing, measure the voltage of the lithium-ion battery and check the appearance of the lithium-ion battery. Each lithium-ion battery is dropped for a total of 10 rounds. After being dropped for 10 rounds, the test is passed if the lithium-ion battery does not get hot, ignite, explode, leak or emit smoke, and the voltage drop is less than 30mV.
  • the three adjacent side walls of the casing are connected by curved surfaces, and the first pole piece extends into the space corresponding to the concave portion of the casing and the curved surface, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the concave portion of the casing and at the same time The overall energy density of the battery is improved.

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Abstract

一种电池，包括电极组件和壳体。电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离膜，第一极片、隔离膜和第二极片绕沿第一方向的中心轴线卷绕。壳体包括曲面及多个侧壁，多个侧壁围设形成凹部以设置电极组件，任意相邻三个侧壁的相接处中至少一相接处通过曲面连接。相邻的三个侧壁包括一由平行于第一方向的主平面构成的第一侧壁、一与第一方向平行且与第一侧壁成角度设置的第二侧壁和一与第一方向成角度设置的第三侧壁。曲面与第二侧壁的投影的连接处与第三侧壁的投影的间距为R，第一极片具有沿第一方向到第三侧壁的距离为L1的区域，且L1小于R，从而提高壳体的空间利用率以及电池的能量密度。其中，上述投影均为在与第一侧壁平行的平面上的正投影。

Description

电池 技术领域
本申请涉及一种电池。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度大、循环寿命长、标称电压高、自放电率低、体积小、重量轻等许多优点，在消费电子领域具有广泛的应用。随着近年来电动汽车和可移动电子设备的高速发展，人们对电池的能量密度、安全性、循环性能等相关需求越来越高。电池通常包括电极组件和用于收纳密封电极组件的壳体，电极组件包括正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片。而现有的电池结构中，由于壳体以及电极组件的结构的限制以及为了避免电极组件与壳体接触，电极组件与壳体出极耳侧之间的间距较大，壳体所具空间并未被充分利用，进而不利于电池能量密度以及空间利用率的提升。
发明内容
鉴于上述情况，有必要提供一种有利于提高能量密度并提升空间利用率的电池。
本申请提供了一种电池，包括电极组件和壳体。电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离膜，隔离膜位于第一极片和第二极片之间。第一极片、隔离膜和第二极片绕沿第一方向的中心轴线卷绕。壳体包括曲面及多个侧壁。多个侧壁围设形成凹部以设置电极组件，任意相邻三个侧壁的相接处中至少一相连处通过曲面连接。相邻的三个侧壁包括一由平行于第一方向的主平面构成的第一侧壁、一与第一方向平行且与第一侧壁成角度设置的第二侧壁和一与第一方向成角度设置的第三侧壁。曲面与第二侧壁的投影的连接处与第三侧壁的投影的间距为R，第一极片具有沿第一方向到第三侧壁的距离为L1的区域，且L1小于R，其中，上述投影均为在与第一侧壁平行的平面上的正投影。
作为本申请的一种方案，L1为第一极片到第三侧壁的最小距离。
作为本申请的一种方案，L1满足如下关系：0.25R<L1<R。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二极片到第三侧壁的最小距离为L2，L2满足如下关系：L2<R。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一极片包括第一部分和连接第一部分的第二部分，第一部分和第二部分沿第一方向设置，且从垂直于第一方向的第二方向观察，第一部分与第二极片重叠，第二部分从第二极片露出；第一部分包括第一层，第二极片包括第一层，第二极片的第一层和第一部分的第一层层叠且相邻，第二极片的第一层位于第一部分的第一层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分包括第一层，第二部分的第一层连接第一部分的第一层，第二部分的第一层朝第二极片的第一层弯曲。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一极片和第二极片卷绕分别形成多层结构。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一部分还包括第二层，第一部分的第二层与第二极片的第一层层叠且相邻，第一部分的第二层位于第二极片的第一层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分还包括第二层，第二部分的第二层连接第一部分的第二层，第二部分的第二层与第二部分的第一层层叠，第二部分的第二层与第二部分的第一层朝同侧弯曲。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二极片还包括第二层，第二极片的第二层与第一部分的第二层层叠，第二极片的第二层位于第一部分的第二层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分的第二层朝第二极片的第二层弯曲。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一部分还包括第三层，第一部分的第三层与第二极片的第二层层叠，第一部分的第三层位于第二极片的第二层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分还包括第三层，第二部分的第三层连接第一部分的第三层，第二部分的第三层与第二部分的第二层层叠，第二部分的第三层与第二部分的第二层朝同侧弯曲。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二部分的第一层包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，第一端点和第一部分的第一层连接，第二端点远离第一部分的第一层，第一端点和第二端点沿第三方向至曲面的直线距离分别为D1和D2，且D1大于D2。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二部分的第二层包括相背的第三端点和第四端点，第三端点和第一部分的第二层连接，第四端点远离第一部分的第二层，第三端点和第一端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D3，第四端点和第二端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D4，且D3大于D4。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二部分的第三层包括相背的第五端点和第六端点，第五端点和第一部分的第三层连接，第六端点远离第一部分的第三层，第五端点和第三端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D5，第六端点和第四端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D6，且D5大于D6。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二极片还包括第三层，第二极片的第三层与第一部分的第三层层叠，第二极片的第三层位于第一部分的第三层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分的第三层朝第二极片的第三层弯曲；第一部分还包括第四层，第一部分的第四层与第二极片的第三层层叠，第一部分的第四层位于第二极片的第三层靠近中心轴线的一侧，第二部分还包括第四层，第二部分的第四层连接第一部分的第四层，第二部分的第四层与第一部分的第四层之间的夹角为零。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二部分的第四层包括相背的第七端点和第八端点，第七端点和第一部分的第四层连接，第八端点远离第一部分的第四层，第七端点和第五端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D7，第八端点和第六端点在第三方向上的正投影的间距为D8，且D7大于D8。
作为本申请的一种方案，在第一方向上，隔离膜的边缘从第一极片的边缘露出。
作为本申请的一种方案，隔离膜的边缘从第一极片的边缘露出的长度为0.5mm至10mm。
作为本申请的一种方案，隔离膜还设置于第二部分的第一层与相邻的曲面之间。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一端点与第二端点的连线与第一方向的夹角小于30°且大于0°。
作为本申请的一种方案，第一端点与第二端点的连线与第一方向的夹角小于18°且大于0°。
作为本申请的一种方案，第二极片包括集流体和设置于集流体表面的活性物质层，在第一方向上，集流体的边缘和活性物质层的边缘平齐。
本申请的电池，其中，壳体相邻的三个侧壁通过曲面连接，第一极片伸入壳体的凹部与曲面对应的空间内，从而提高了壳体的凹部的空间利用率，进而提升了电池整体的能量密度。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式的电池的结构示意图。
图2为本申请一实施方式的电池的拆解结构示意图。
图3为本申请一实施方式的电池一角度的结构示意图。
图4为本申请一实施方式的电池一角度的结构示意图。
图5为本申请一实施方式的电池沿Y方向的剖面示意图。
图6为本申请一实施方式的电池的局部放大示意图。
图7为本申请一实施方式的电池的局部电子计算机断层扫描成像示意图。
图8为本申请一实施方式的电池的局部电子计算机断层扫描成像示意图。
图9为本申请一实施方式的电池的局部电子计算机断层扫描成像示意图。
图10为本申请一实施方式的电池的局部电子计算机断层扫描成像示意图。
主要元件符号说明
Figure PCTCN2020118276-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020118276-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020118276-appb-000003
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下文，将详细地描述本申请的实施方式。但是，本申请可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使本申请透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“及/或”、“以及/或者”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本申请的实施方式时使用“可”指“本申请的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本申请。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则描述为在其他要素或特征“上方”或“上”的要素将定向在其他要素或特征的“下方”或“下面”。因此，示例性术语“上”可包括上面和下面的方向。
应理解，当元件或层被称作“在”另一元件或层“上”、“与”另一元件或层“连接”、“与”另一元件或层“结合”或者“邻近于”另一元件或层时，该元件或层可能“直接在”另一元件或层“上”、“直接结合到”另一元件或层、“直接与”另一元件或层“连接”、“直接与”另一元件或层“结合”或“直接邻近于”另一元件或层，或者可能存在一个或更多个中间元件或中间层。此外，“连接”、“所连接的”等也可以基于它们被用作本领域技术人员将理解的内容而表示“电连接”、“电气地连接”等。此外，当一个元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分被称作“在”两个元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分之间时，它可以是这两个元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分之间的唯一元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分，或者也可以存在一个或更多个中间元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分。
应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
应理解的，当两元件被称为平行时，两元件之间可存在一定的夹角，夹角为-5°至+5°。
在本申请中，第一方向X和第二方向Y相互垂直且平行于壳体的主平面，壳体的第二侧壁可沿第一方向X设置，壳体的第三侧壁可沿第二方向Y设置。Z方向垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。
下面对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1和图2，电池100包括电极组件10和壳体30，请结合图3， 电极组件10收容在壳体30内。
请参阅图2和图5，电极组件10包括第一极片11、第二极片13和隔离膜15。隔离膜15位于第一极片11和第二极片13之间，第一极片11、隔离膜15和第二极片13绕沿第一方向X的中心轴线O-O卷绕设置并具有平坦的部分(即扁平部10a)。
请参阅图2和图3，壳体30包括曲面31和多个侧壁34。多个侧壁34围设形成凹部301以设置电极组件10。其中，任意相邻的三个侧壁34的相接处中至少一相接处通过曲面31连接。
相邻的三个侧壁34包括一由平行于第一方向X的主平面构成的第一侧壁341、一与第一方向X平行且与第一侧壁341成角度设置的第二侧壁342和一与第一方向X成角度设置的第三侧壁343。第二侧壁342与第一侧壁341之间的角度大于0小于180°，第三侧壁343与第一方向X之间的角度大于0小于180°。优选的，第二侧壁342与第一侧壁341之间的角度为85°至95°，第三侧壁343与第一方向X之间的角度为85°至95°。
在本实施方式中，第二侧壁342垂直于第一侧壁341，第三侧壁343垂直于第一方向X。进一步地，第二侧壁342与第一侧壁341的连接处可呈圆弧，第三侧壁343与第一侧壁341的连接处可呈圆弧。
在本实施方式中，例如，曲面31通过边缘311与第一侧壁341连接，曲面31通过边缘312与第二侧壁342连接，曲面31通过边缘313与第三侧壁343连接。
请参阅图6，曲面31在与第一侧壁341平行的平面上的正投影与第二侧壁342在与第一侧壁341平行的平面上的正投影具有一连接处340，连接处340与第三侧壁343所在平面在与第一侧壁341平行的平面上的正投影的间距为R。
第一极片11具有沿第一方向X第三侧壁343的距离为L1的区域，其中，L1小于R，从而提高壳体30的凹部301的空间利用率，并且同时提升了电池整体的能量密度。优选的，L1可进一步地满足如下关系：0.25R<L1<R。在提升电池空间利用率和电池能量密度的同时，降低第一极片11与壳体30接触或挤压的风险，进而降低电池短路以及壳体破损的风险。
在本实施方式中，沿第一方向X，第一极片11的长度大于第二极片13的长度。在本实施方式中，第一极片11为负极极片，第二极片13为正极极 片，从而降低锂离子析出的风险，进而提高电池的使用寿命。第二极片13到第三侧壁343的最小距离为L2。在一些实施方式中，优选的，L2小于R，从而进一步地提升电池空间利用率和电池的能量密度。
下面对壳体30进行进一步地说明。
请参阅图2，壳体30包括2A部分和2B部分，其中，2A部分和2B部分配合以封装电极组件10。
壳体30的2A部分包括凹部301和封装部302，其中，电极组件10设置于凹部301中。凹部301包括一开口301a，封装部302沿凹部301的周缘自开口301a朝背离开口301a的中心的方向延伸形成。
壳体30的2B部分包括连接部304和封装部303。其中，封装部303自连接部304的周缘朝背离连接部304的中心的方向延伸形成。封装部302和封装部303相互粘接从而将设置于凹部301中的电极组件10进行密封。
壳体30的材质例如，至少可为但不仅限于铝塑膜、塑胶材料、金属材料或塑胶和金属的复合材料。
作为本申请的一种例子，凹部301包括五个侧壁34，其中，包括一个第一侧壁341、两个平行设置于第一侧壁341相对两端第二侧壁342(即第二侧壁342a和第二侧壁342b)、两个平行设置于第一侧壁341另外相对两端的第三侧壁343(即第三侧壁343a和第三侧壁343b)。每一第二侧壁342和每一第三侧壁343垂直于第一侧壁341，第二侧壁342与第三侧壁343相互垂直。
作为本申请的一种例子，第二侧壁342a、第三侧壁343a、第二侧壁342b和第三侧壁343b依次沿第一侧壁341的周缘设置。其中，第一侧壁341、第二侧壁342a和第三侧壁343a的相接处通过曲面31a连接；第一侧壁341、第三侧壁343a和第二侧壁342b的相接处通过曲面31b连接；第一侧壁341、第二侧壁342b和第三侧壁343b的相接处通过曲面31c连接；第一侧壁341、第三侧壁343b和第二侧壁342a的相接处通过曲面31d连接。
图4为对电池100从第一侧壁341背离2B部分的一侧沿垂直于第一侧壁341的方向即Z方向观察时的视图，在本申请中，将其作为视图Z。
在视图Z中，将凹部301对应的区域作为区域R1，封装部302对应的区域作为区域R2。其中，区域R1的外缘包括与第二侧壁342a对应的边S1、与第三侧壁343a对应的边S2、与第二侧壁342b对应的边S3和与第三侧壁 343b对应的边S4。区域R1的外缘还包括与曲面31a对应的曲边A1、与曲面31b对应的曲边A2、与曲面31c对应的曲边A3和与曲面31d对应的曲边A4。
曲边A1与边S1连接的一端为端部AS1，曲边A1与边S2连接的一端为端部AS2。曲边A2与边S2连接的一端为端部AS3，曲边A2与边S3连接的一端为端部AS4。曲边A3与边S3连接的一端为端部AS5，曲边A3与边S4连接的一端为端部AS6。曲边A4与边S4连接的一端为端部AS7，曲边A4与边S1连接的一端为端部AS8。
自曲边A1的端部AS1沿Y方向制作辅助线H1，其中，辅助线H1也可经过曲边A2的端部AS4。自曲边A1的端部AS2沿第一方向X制作辅助线H2，其中，辅助线H2也可经过曲边A4的端部AS7。自曲边A2的端部AS3沿第一方向X制作辅助线H3，其中，辅助线H3也可经过曲边A3的端部AS6。自曲边A3的端部AS5沿Y方向制作辅助线H4，其中，辅助线H4也可经过曲边A4的端部AS8。
将辅助线H1、辅助线H2和曲边A1围成的区域定义为区域AR1。将辅助线H1、辅助线H3和曲边A2围成的区域定义为区域AR2。将辅助线H3、辅助线H4和曲边A3围成的区域定义为区域AR3。将辅助线H2、辅助线H4和曲边A4围成的区域定义为区域AR4。
其中，辅助线H1、辅助线H2、辅助线H3和辅助线H4为虚拟的辅助线，无需存在于实际产品中。
下面对电极组件10与壳体30的位置关系进行进一步地说明。在本申请中，可通过X射线电子显微镜来确认电极组件10与壳体30的位置关系，也可通过其他现有的技术进行确认。
在图4所示的视图Z中，将电极组件10对应的区域作为区域E。其中，区域E的外缘包括沿第一方向X延伸且相对设置的边SS1和边SS3，以及沿Y方向且相对设置的边SS2和边SS4。边SS1相较于边SS3邻近边S1设置，边SS2相较于边SS4邻近边S2设置，边SS3相较于边SS1邻近边S3设置，边SS4相较于边SS2邻近边S4设置。
边SS1包括端部ST1和端部ST2，其中，端部ST1相较于端部ST2靠近曲边A1，端部ST2相较于端部ST1靠近曲边A4。边SS2包括端部ST3和端部ST4，其中，端部ST3相较于端部ST4靠近曲边A1，端部ST4相较 于端部ST3靠近曲边A2。边SS3包括端部ST5和端部ST6，其中，端部ST5相较于端部ST6靠近曲边A2，端部ST6相较于端部ST5靠近曲边A3。边SS4包括端部ST7和端部ST8，其中，端部ST7相较于端部ST8靠近曲边A3，端部ST8相较于端部ST7靠近曲边A4。
区域E中连接端部ST1和端部ST3的曲边至少部分位于区域AR1中。区域E中连接端部ST4和端部ST5的曲边至少部分位于区域AR2中。区域E中连接端部ST6和端部ST7的曲边至少部分位于区域AR3中。区域E中连接端部ST2和端部ST8的曲边至少部分位于区域AR4中。
在视图Z中，端部ST3可位于区域AR1中，端部ST4可位于区域AR2中，端部ST7可位于区域AR3中，端部ST8可位于区域AR4中，从而提升电池的空间利用率和电池能量密度。
端部ST1可位于区域AR1中或区域AR1外，端部ST5可位于区域AR2中或区域AR2外，端部ST6可位于区域AR3中或区域AR3外，端部ST2可位于区域AR4中或区域AR4外。优选的，端部ST1可位于区域AR1中，端部ST5可位于区域AR2中，端部ST6可位于区域AR3中，端部ST2可位于区域AR4中，从而进一步地提升电池的空间利用率和电池能量密度。
进一步地，在图4所示的视图Z中，将第一极片11对应的区域作为区域E1，将第二极片13对应的区域作为区域E2，将隔离膜15对应的区域作为区域E3。作为本申请的一种例子，边SS1和边SS3可作为区域E2沿第一方向X的外缘。边SS2和边SS4可作为区域E3沿Y方向的外缘。
区域E1的外缘包括沿第一方向X延伸且相对设置的边SX1和边SX3，以及沿Y方向延伸且相对设置的边SX2和边SX4。边SX1相较于边SX3邻近边S1设置，边SX2相较于边SX4邻近边S2设置，边SX3相较于边SX4邻近边S3设置，边SX4相较于边SX2邻近边S4设置。
区域E1的外缘还包括曲边C1、曲边C2、曲边C和曲边C4。其中，曲边C1连接边SX1朝向曲边A1的端部和边SX2朝向曲边A1的端部，且曲边C1至少部分位于区域AR1中。曲边C2连接边SX2朝向曲边A2的端部和边SX3朝向曲边A2的端部，且曲边C2至少部分位于区域AR2中。曲边C3连接边SX3朝向曲边A3的端部和边SX4朝向曲边A3的端部，且曲边C3至少部分位于区域AR3中。曲边C4连接边SX4朝向曲边A4的端部和边SX1朝向曲边A4的端部，且曲边C4至少部分位于区域AR4中。
下面对电极组件10进行进一步地说明。
第一极片11可包括层叠设置的第一集流体110A和第一活性材料层110B。第一集流体110A，例如，至少可以包括但不限于镍箔、铜箔等导电金属薄板中的一种或两种。第一活性材料层110B，例如，至少可包括但不仅限于人造石墨、天然石墨、软碳、硬碳、石墨烯、中间相碳微球、硅基材料、锡基材料、钛酸锂或其他能与锂形成合金的金属中的一种或多种。以图5为例，第一活性材料层110B设置于第一集流体110A的相对两表面。以图7、图8和图9为例，在第一方向X上，位于第一集流体110A的相对两表面的第一活性材料层110B的边缘分别和第一集流体110A的边缘平齐。在一些实施方式中，第一活性材料层110B也可仅设置于第一集流体110A的一侧。以图10为例，在第一方向X上，第一活性材料层110B的边缘也可不与第一集流体110A的边缘平齐。
第二极片13可包括层叠设置的第二集流体130A和第二活性材料层130B。第二集流体130A，例如，至少可以包括但不限于铝网、铝箔、铜箔等导电金属薄板中的一种或多种。第二活性材料层130B，例如，至少可包括但不仅限于钴酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂、锰酸锂、镍酸锂、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸钒锂、磷酸钒氧锂、磷酸铁锂和富锂锰基材料中的一种或多种。以图5为例，第二活性材料层130B设置于第二集流体130A的相对两表面。以图7、图8和图9为例，优选的，在第一方向X上，位于第二集流体130A的相对两表面的第二活性材料层130B的边缘分别和第二集流体130A的边缘平齐，进而提高电池的能量密度。在一些实施方式中，第二活性材料层130B也可仅设置于第二集流体130A的一侧。以图10为例，在第一方向X上，第二活性材料层130B的边缘也可不与第二集流体130A的边缘平齐。
隔离膜15包括，但不限于，聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺和芳纶中的至少一种。举例来说，聚乙烯包括选自高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和超高分子量聚乙烯中的至少一种组分。尤其是聚乙烯和聚丙烯，它们对防止短路具有良好的作用，并可以通过关断效应改善锂离子电池的稳定性。
隔离膜的表面还可包括多孔层，多孔层设置在隔离膜的至少一个表面上，多孔层包括无机颗粒和粘结剂，无机颗粒可选自但不仅限于氧化铝(Al 2O 3)、氧化硅(SiO 2)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钛(TiO 2)、二氧化铪(HfO 2)、 氧化锡(SnO 2)、二氧化铈(CeO 2)、氧化镍(NiO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化钙(CaO)、氧化锆(ZrO 2)、氧化钇(Y 2O 3)、碳化硅(SiC)、勃姆石、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙和硫酸钡中的一种或多种的组合。粘结剂可选自但不仅限于聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯的共聚物、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯呲咯烷酮、聚乙烯醚、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚四氟乙烯和聚六氟丙烯中的一种或多种的组合。
多孔层可以提升隔离膜的耐热性能、抗氧化性能和电解液浸润性能，增强隔离膜与正极或负极之间的粘接性。
请参阅图2和图5，第一极片11、隔离膜15和第二极片13层叠形成堆叠体，再由堆叠体经过多次卷绕形成电极组件10，此时，第一极片11对应形成多层结构，第二极片13也对应形成多层结构。
电极组件10包括扁平部10a和在一方向即图中Y方向上存在多个弯折端部10b，多个弯折端部10b分别分布于电池100的扁平部10a沿Y方向的中心的相对两侧，在图5中，分别为左右两侧。在本实施方式中，请参阅图2和图5，在电极组件10的收尾处，第一极片11位于第二极片13的内侧。在一些实施方式中，在电极组件10的收尾处，第一极片11也可位于第二极片13的外侧。
请参阅图7，第一极片11包括第一部分111和连接第一部分111的第二部分113，第一部分111和第二部分113沿第一方向X设置。从垂直于第一方向X的第二方向观察，例如沿Z方向观察，第二极片13和第一部分111重叠，且第二部分113沿第一方向X超出第二极片13，其中，第一部分111与第二部分113的连接处为G1。
本实施方式中，通过电子计算机断层扫描成像的方向观察电池100沿不同方向以及不同深度的剖面结构。
例如，图7、图8和图9分别为一例子的电池100沿垂直于第一侧壁341方向上的不同成像深度的电子计算机断层扫描成像，用以沿平行第一侧壁341方向，观察电池100在垂直于第一侧壁341方向上即Z方向上不同深度的剖面结构。因此，后续描述的图7、图8和图9中的第一极片11以及第二极片13的相关结构对应电极组件10的弯折端部10b。以图5所示至K-K处成像深度的电子计算机断层扫描成像为例，后续关于第一层111a、第二层 111b和第三层111c分别与电极组件10的弯折端部10b中的第一极片11各层与K-K的相交处对应；第一层13a和第二层13b分别与电极组件10的弯折端部10b中的第二极片13各层与K-K的相交处对应。在其他例子中，电极组件10中第一极片11的卷绕圈数以及第二极片13的卷绕圈数可不同于图5，成像深度可不同于K-K，且成像深度不同，电子计算机断层扫描成像可观察到的电极组件10的弯折端部10b的第一极片11的层数和第二极片13的层数可能不同，图5仅为一个示例。
在垂直于第一方向X的第二方向，以图7、图8和图9所示的方向为例子，第一部分111包括第一层111a，第二极片13包括第一层13a，第一层13a与第一部分111的第一层111a层叠设置且相邻。其中，第一层13a位于第一层111a靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。第二部分113包括第一层113a，第一层113a自第一层111a的一端延伸形成，且第一层113a朝第一层13a弯曲。
第一层113a包括相背的第一端点B1和第二端点B2。其中，第一端点B1和第一部分111的第一层111a连接，第二端点B2远离第一部分111的第一层111a。第一端点B1和第二端点B2沿一第三方向至邻近的曲面31的直线距离分别为D1和D2，其中，D1大于D2。在本实施方式中，第三方向垂直于第二侧壁342。在一些实施方式中，第三方向不仅限于垂直于第二侧壁342的方向，也可为其他至曲面31的方向。
优选的，第一端点B1和第二端点B2的连线和第一方向X的夹角r1小于30°且大于0°，更好地抑制了第一层113a被折断现象的发生，同时降低了第一层113a弯曲时其上的第一活性材料层110B中的活性材料脱落的风险。更优选的，第一端点B1和第二端点B2的连线和第一方向X的夹角r1小于18°且大于0°。第一部分111还可包括第二层111b，第一部分111的第二层111b与第二极片13的第一层13a层叠设置且相邻。第一部分111的第二层111b位于第二极片的第一层13a靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。第二部分113还可包括第二层113b，第二层113b自第二层111b的一端延伸形成成。第二层113b和第一层113a层叠，且第二层113b和第一层113a朝同侧弯曲。
第二层113b包括相背的第三端点B3和第四端点B4。其中，第三端点B3和第一部分111的第二层111b连接，第四端点B4远离第一部分的第二层111b。第三端点B3和第一端点B1在Y方向上的间距为D3，第四端点B4和第二端点B2在Y方向上的间距为D4，其中，D3大于D4。
优选的，第三端点B3和第四端点B4的连线和第一方向X的夹角r2小于30°且大于0°，从而降低第二层113b被折断的风险，同时降低了第二层113b弯曲时其上的第一活性材料层110B中的活性材料脱落的风险。更优选的，第三端点B3和第四端点B4的连线和第一方向X的夹角r2小于18°且大于0°。
其中，第三端点B3和第四端点B4的连线和第一方向X的夹角r2小于第一端点B1和第二端点B2的连线和第一方向X的夹角r1。
在第一方向X上，第二层113b弯曲时的弯折起始处M2位于第一层113a弯曲时的弯折起始处M1和第二端点B2之间。
第二极片13还可包括第二层13b，第二极片13的第二层13b和第一部分111的第二层111b层叠，且第二极片13的第二层13b位于第一部分111的第二层111b靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。其中，第二层113b朝第二极片13的第二层13b弯曲。
第一部分111还可包括第三层111c，第三层111c与第二极片13的第二层13b层叠，且第三层111c位于第二极片13的第二层13b靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。第二部分113还可包括第三层113c，第三层113c自第三层111c的一端延伸形成。第三层113c和第二层113b层叠，且第三层113c和第二层113b朝同侧弯曲。
第三层113c包括相背的第五端点B5和第六端点B6。第五端点B5和第一部分111的第三层111c连接，第六端点B6远离第一部分111的第三层111c。第五端点B5和第三端点B3在Y方向上的间距为D5，第六端点B6和第四端点B4在Y方向上的间距为D6，其中，D5大于D6。
优选的，第五端点B5和第六端点B6的连线和第一方向X的夹角r3小于30°且大于0°，从而降低第三层113c被折断的风险，同时降低了第三层113c弯曲时其上的第一活性材料层110B中的活性材料脱落的风险。更优选的，第五端点B5和第六端点B6的连线和第一方向X的夹角r3小于18°且大于0°。
其中，第五端点B5和第六端点B6的连线和第一方向X的夹角r3小于第三端点B3和第四端点B4的连线和第一方向X的夹角r2。
在第一方向X上，第三层113c弯曲时的弯折起始处M3位于第二层113b弯曲时的弯折起始处M2和第四端点B4之间。
第二极片13还可包括第三层13c，第二极片13的第三层13c和第一部分111的第三层111c层叠，且，第二极片13的第三层13c位于第一部分111的第三层111c靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。其中，第三层113c朝第二极片13的第三层13c弯曲。
第一部分111还可包括第四层111d，第四层111d与第二极片13的第三层13c层叠，且第四层111d位于第二极片13的第三层13c靠近中心轴线O-O的一侧。第二部分113还可包括第四层113d，第四层113d自第四层111d的一端延伸形成。在本实施方式中，第四层113d与第四层111d之间的夹角为零。
第四层113d包括相背的第七端点B7和第八端点B8。第七端点B7和第一部分111的第四层111d连接，第八端点B8远离第一部分111的第四层111d。第七端点B7和第五端点B5在Y方向上的间距为D7，第八端点B8和第六端点B6在Y方向上的间距为D7，其中，D7大于D8。
在一些实施方式中，第二极片13还可包括外层13A，外层13A和第一部分111的第一层111a层叠，且外层13A位于第一部分111的第一层111a远离中心轴线O-O的一侧，即位于第一部分111的第一层111a与相邻的第二侧壁342之间。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10中的第二部分的层数不仅限于上述描述的情形，其中，弯折的第二部分的层数也不仅限于上述描述的情形。
在本实施方式中，在第一方向X上，隔离膜15的边缘可超出第一极片11的边缘，进而降低第一极片11和第二极片13的接触风险。
优选的，隔离膜15的边缘超出第一极片11的边缘的长度为0.5mm至10mm，使得第一极片11的第二部分113在弯曲后隔离膜15的边缘在第一方向X上还能超出第二部分113的边缘，从而降低因第一极片11的第二部分113弯曲导致的短路风险。
隔离膜15还需设置于第一层113a与相邻的曲面31之间，从而避免第一层113a与相邻的曲面31之间的接触或挤压，避免壳体的内层被刺破引发壳体电化学腐蚀。
请参阅图2和图3，电池100还包括第一极耳101和第二极耳103。其中，第一极耳101一端收容于壳体30内和第一极片11连接，另一端延伸至壳体30外。第二极耳103一端收容于壳体30内和第二极片13连接，另一 端延伸至壳体30外。
本申请的电池100还包括电解质，电解质可以是凝胶电解质、固态电解质和电解液中的一种或多种，电解液包括锂盐和非水溶剂。
在本申请一些实施例中，锂盐选自LiPF 6、LiBF 4、LiAsF 6、LiClO 4、LiB(C 6H 5) 4、LiCH 3SO 3、LiCF 3SO 3、LiN(SO 2CF 3) 2、LiC(SO 2CF 3) 3、LiSiF 6、LiBOB和二氟硼酸锂中的一种或多种。举例来说，锂盐可以选用LiPF 6，因为它可以给出高的离子导电率并改善循环特性。
非水溶剂可为碳酸酯化合物、羧酸酯化合物、醚化合物、其它有机溶剂或它们的组合。
上述碳酸酯化合物可为链状碳酸酯化合物、环状碳酸酯化合物、氟代碳酸酯化合物或其组合。
上述链状碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)及其组合。环状碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸乙烯基亚乙酯(VEC)及其组合。氟代碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸氟代亚乙酯(FEC)、碳酸1,2-二氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1-二氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2-三氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2,2-四氟亚乙酯、碳酸1-氟-2-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1-氟-1-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1,2-二氟-1-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2-三氟-2-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸三氟甲基亚乙酯及其组合。
上述羧酸酯化合物的实例为甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、γ-丁内酯、癸内酯、戊内酯、甲瓦龙酸内酯、己内酯及其组合。
上述醚化合物的实例为二丁醚、四甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙氧基甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃及其组合。
上述其它有机溶剂的实例为二甲亚砜、1,2-二氧戊环、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三辛酯、和磷酸酯及其组合。
下面通过实施例和对比例进行进一步地说明。
实施例1
<1-1.正极极片的制备>
将正极活性物质钴酸锂、导电剂乙炔黑、粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按质量比94∶3∶3混合，然后加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为溶剂，调配成固含量为75％的浆料，并搅拌均匀。将浆料均匀涂覆在厚度为12μm的铝箔的一个表面上，90℃条件下烘干，冷压后得到正极活性物质层厚度为100μm的正极极片，然后在该正极极片的另一个表面上重复以上步骤，得到双面涂覆有正极活性物质层的正极极片。将正极极片裁切并焊接铝极耳后待用。
<1-2.负极极片的制备>
将负极活性材料人造石墨、粘结剂丁苯橡胶按质量比98∶2混合，然后加入去离子水作为溶剂，调配成固含量为70％的浆料，并搅拌均匀。将浆料均匀涂覆在厚度为8μm的铜箔的一个表面上，110℃条件下烘干，冷压后得到负极活性物质层厚度为150μm的单面涂覆负极活性物质层的负极极片，然后在该负极极片的另一个表面上重复以上涂覆步骤，得到双面涂覆有负极活性物质层的负极极片。将负极极片裁切并焊接镍极耳后待用。
<1-3.隔离膜的制备>
将氧化铝与聚丙烯酸酯依照质量比90∶10混合并将其溶入到去离子水中以形成固含量为50％的陶瓷浆料。随后采用微凹涂布法将陶瓷浆料均匀涂布到多孔基材(聚乙烯，厚度7μm，平均孔径为0.073μm，孔隙率为26％)的其中一面上，经过干燥处理以获得陶瓷涂层与多孔基材的双层结构，陶瓷涂层的厚度为2.5μm。
将聚偏二氟乙烯与聚丙烯酸酯依照质量比96∶4混合并将其溶入到去离子水中以形成固含量为50％的聚合物浆料。随后采用微凹涂布法将聚合物浆料均匀涂布到上述陶瓷涂层与多孔基材双层结构的两个表面上，经过干燥处理以获得隔离膜，其中聚合物浆料形成的单层涂层厚度为2μm。
<1-4.电解液的制备>
在含水量小于10ppm的环境下，将非水有机溶剂碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、丙酸丙酯(PP)、碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)按照质量比20∶30∶20∶28∶2混合，然后向非水有机溶剂中加入六氟磷酸锂(LiPF 6)溶解并混合均匀，得到电解液，其中，LiPF 6与非水有机溶剂的质量比为8∶92。
<1-5.锂离子电池的制备>
将上述制备的正极极片(相当于第二极片)、隔离膜、负极极片(相当于第一极片)按顺序叠好，使隔离膜处于正负极极片中间起到隔离的作用，并卷绕得到电极组件(如图5)。将电极组件装入壳体(如图2)中，壳体的R值为2.3mm，壳体的长度、宽度、厚度根据电极组件的尺寸进行设计，使得电极组件装入壳体时L1设置为1.6mm，L2设置为2.4mm，隔离膜的边缘从第一极片(负极极片)的边缘露出的长度为0.4mm，然后注入配好的电解液，经化成、除气后将留下的壳体侧面注液口热压封口，制得锂离子电池。其中，正极集流体的边缘和正极活性物质层的边缘平齐，负极集流体的边缘和负极活性物质层的边缘平齐，锂离子电池的厚度为4mm、宽度为35mm、长度为80mm，通过电子计算机断层扫描，成像深度为2mm时，r1为12°，r2为7°，r3为2°。
实施例2-7以及对比例1制备的电池的方法与实施例1制备的电池的方法相同，不同之处记载于下表1中。
将实施例1-7和对比例1制备的电池进行能量密度的测试和跌落测试，并将测试结构记录于下表1中。其中，能量密度的测试方法和跌落测试的方法如下。
能量密度的测试方法：
将锂离子电池置于25℃±2℃恒温箱中，静置30分钟，使锂离子电池达到恒温。将达到恒温的锂离子电池以0.5C恒流充电至电压为4.4V，然后以4.4V恒压充电至电流为0.05C，0.5C放电至电压为3.0V，记录放电容量。
能量密度＝放电容量/(锂离子电池的长度*宽度*厚度)。
跌落测试的方法：
将锂离子电池充满电，然后从高度为1.5米的位置自由跌落到光滑大理石表面，跌落顺序依次为：锂离子电池的正面-反面-下面-上面-左面-右面-左上角-右上角-左下角-右下角，每个面或角连续做1次跌落测试为一轮，每一轮测试结束后，测量锂离子电池电压，检查锂离子电池外貌，每个锂离子电池共跌落10轮。跌落10轮后，以锂离子电池不发烫、不起火、不爆炸、不漏液、不冒烟，且压降小于30mV为通过测试。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020118276-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020118276-appb-000005
由上述实施例1-7和对比例1的数据可知，L1和L2越小，即电极组件的端部越靠近电池壳体设置，电池的空间利用率越高，则电池的能量密度越大。由上述实施例1-4的数据可知，电极组件的端部越靠近壳体设置，其r1、r2和r3越大，即第一极片弯折的角度越大，有利于跌落通过率，提高电池的安全性能。由上述实施例2和5-7的数据可知，隔离膜从第一极片的边缘露出的长度越长，越有利于在电池跌落时降低第一极片刺破壳体的概率，进而有利于提高电池的安全性能。
本申请的电池，其中，壳体相邻的三个侧壁通过曲面连接，第一极片伸入壳体的凹部与曲面对应的空间内，从而提高了壳体的凹部的空间利用率并同时提升了电池整体的能量密度。
另外，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，可以根据本申请的技术构思做出其它各种相应的改变与变形，而所有这些改变与变形都应属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电极组件，其包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离膜，所述隔离膜位于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述隔离膜和所述第二极片绕沿第一方向的中心轴线卷绕；以及
    壳体，包括曲面及多个侧壁，多个所述侧壁围设形成凹部以设置所述电极组件，任意相邻三个侧壁的相接处中至少一相接处通过所述曲面连接，所述相邻的三个侧壁包括一由平行于所述第一方向的主平面构成的第一侧壁、一与所述第一方向平行且与所述第一侧壁成角度设置的第二侧壁和一与所述第一方向成角度设置的第三侧壁；
    其中，所述曲面与所述第二侧壁的投影的连接处与所述第三侧壁的投影的间距为R，所述第一极片具有沿所述第一方向到所述第三侧壁的距离为L1的区域，且L1小于R，其中，上述投影均为在与所述第一侧壁平行的平面上的正投影。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述L1为所述第一极片到所述第三侧壁的最小距离。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述L1满足如下关系：0.25R<L1<R。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第二极片到所述第三侧壁的最小距离为L2，所述L2满足如下关系：L2<R。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第一极片包括第一部分和连接所述第一部分的第二部分，所述第一部分和所述第二部分沿所述第一方向设置，且从垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向观察，所述第一部分与所述第二极片重叠，所述第二部分从所述第二极片露出；所述第一部分包括第一层，所述第二极片包括第一层，所述第二极片的第一层和所述第一部分的第一层层叠且相邻，所述第二极片的第一层位于所述第一部分的第一层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分包括第一层，所述第二部分的第一层连接所述第一部分的第一层，所述第二部分的第一层朝所述第二极片的第一层弯曲。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述第一极片和所述第二极片卷绕分别形成多层结构。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述第一部分还包括第二层，所述 第一部分的第二层与所述第二极片的第一层层叠且相邻，所述第一部分的第二层位于所述第二极片的第一层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分还包括第二层，所述第二部分的第二层连接所述第一部分的第二层，所述第二部分的第二层与所述第二部分的第一层层叠，所述第二部分的第二层与所述第二部分的第一层朝同侧弯曲。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述第二极片还包括第二层，所述第二极片的第二层与所述第一部分的第二层层叠，所述第二极片的第二层位于所述第一部分的第二层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分的第二层朝所述第二极片的第二层弯曲。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池，其中，所述第一部分还包括第三层，所述第一部分的第三层与所述第二极片的第二层层叠，所述第一部分的第三层位于所述第二极片的第二层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分还包括第三层，所述第二部分的第三层连接所述第一部分的第三层，所述第二部分的第三层与所述第二部分的第二层层叠，所述第二部分的第三层与所述第二部分的第二层朝同侧弯曲。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电池，其中，所述第二部分的第一层包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，所述第一端点和所述第一部分的第一层连接，所述第二端点远离所述第一部分的第一层，所述第一端点和所述第二端点沿第三方向至所述曲面的直线距离分别为D1和D2，且D1大于D2。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池，其中，所述第二部分的第二层包括相背的第三端点和第四端点，所述第三端点和所述第一部分的第二层连接，所述第四端点远离所述第一部分的第二层，所述第三端点和所述第一端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D3，所述第四端点和所述第二端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D4，且D3大于D4。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述第二部分的第三层包括相背的第五端点和第六端点，所述第五端点和所述第一部分的第三层连接，所述第六端点远离所述第一部分的第三层，所述第五端点和所述第三端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D5，所述第六端点和所述第四端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D6，且D5大于D6。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述第二极片还包括第三层，所述第二极片的第三层与所述第一部分的第三层层叠，所述第二极片的第三层 位于所述第一部分的第三层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分的第三层朝所述第二极片的第三层弯曲；所述第一部分还包括第四层，所述第一部分的第四层与所述第二极片的第三层层叠，所述第一部分的第四层位于所述第二极片的第三层靠近所述中心轴线的一侧，所述第二部分还包括第四层，所述第二部分的第四层连接所述第一部分的第四层，所述第二部分的第四层与所述第一部分的第四层之间的夹角为零。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池，其中，所述第二部分的第四层包括相背的第七端点和第八端点，所述第七端点和所述第一部分的第四层连接，所述第八端点远离所述第一部分的第四层，所述第七端点和所述第五端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D7，所述第八端点和所述第六端点在所述第三方向上的正投影的间距为D8，且D7大于D8。
  15. 如权利要求1至14中任意一项所述的电池，其中，在所述第一方向上，所述隔离膜的边缘从所述第一极片的边缘露出。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电池，其中，所述隔离膜的边缘从所述第一极片的边缘露出的长度为0.5mm至10mm。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的电池，其中，所述隔离膜还设置于所述第二部分的第一层与相邻的曲面之间。
  18. 如权利要求10所述的电池，其中，所述第一端点与所述第二端点的连线与所述第一方向的夹角小于30°且大于0°。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电池，其中，所述第一端点与所述第二端点的连线与所述第一方向的夹角小于18°且大于0°。
  20. 如权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第二极片包括集流体和设置于所述集流体表面的活性物质层，在所述第一方向上，所述集流体的边缘和所述活性物质层的边缘平齐。
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