WO2022073349A1 - 漂浮式风力发电机组 - Google Patents

漂浮式风力发电机组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022073349A1
WO2022073349A1 PCT/CN2021/096077 CN2021096077W WO2022073349A1 WO 2022073349 A1 WO2022073349 A1 WO 2022073349A1 CN 2021096077 W CN2021096077 W CN 2021096077W WO 2022073349 A1 WO2022073349 A1 WO 2022073349A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating
wind
sub
plate
angle adjustment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/096077
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张启应
邹荔兵
霍仕环
吴迪
周名军
任永
刘凡鹰
马冲
李刚
赵春雨
卢军
王超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MingYang Smart Energy Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MingYang Smart Energy Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MingYang Smart Energy Group Co Ltd filed Critical MingYang Smart Energy Group Co Ltd
Priority to JP2023523319A priority Critical patent/JP2023533876A/ja
Priority to EP21876872.9A priority patent/EP4148268A4/en
Priority to KR1020227042629A priority patent/KR102786139B1/ko
Publication of WO2022073349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022073349A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/322—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls using aerodynamic elements, e.g. aerofoils producing a lifting force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0288—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to clearance between the blade and the tower, i.e. preventing tower strike
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2213—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis and with the rotor downwind from the yaw pivot axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/932—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a catamaran-like structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a floating wind power generating set.
  • the conventional wind turbine structure is a single wind turbine active yaw system, and the wind energy capture efficiency is low.
  • the fixed foundation occupies a small area and cannot support the installation of a large wind guide structure.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a floating wind turbine with a wind guide structure in order to overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art.
  • a floating wind turbine comprising: a wind deflector, a floating plate, an angle adjustment mechanism, a floating foundation and a tower; wherein, the floating foundation is provided with an installation position , the tower is installed at the installation position and the tower is provided with a wind wheel, the floating plate is generally horizontally installed on the floating foundation, the wind deflector is hinged with the floating plate, the The opening between the wind deflector and the floating plate faces the tower, and the angle adjustment mechanism is operatively connected with the wind deflector to adjust the clip between the wind deflector and the floating plate horn.
  • the wind deflector includes two or more sub-boards, and each of the sub-boards is hinged to the floating plate respectively;
  • the angle adjustment mechanism includes two or more sub-angle adjustment
  • Each of the sub-boards is respectively operably connected with the corresponding sub-angle adjustment mechanism.
  • the tower is an airfoil tower
  • the airfoil tower includes a support arm and a first airfoil support arm and a second airfoil support arm located at the upper end of the support arm, the The lower end of the support arm is installed at the installation position
  • the wind wheel includes a first wind wheel arranged on the first airfoil support arm and a second wind wheel arranged on the second airfoil support arm
  • the wind deflector includes a first sub-board and a second sub-board, the first sub-board and the second sub-board are respectively hinged with the floating plate, and the first sub-board corresponds to the first wind board
  • the second sub-plate corresponds to the second wind wheel
  • the angle adjustment mechanism includes a first sub-angle adjustment mechanism and a second sub-angle adjustment mechanism, the first sub-angle adjustment mechanism and the first sub-angle adjustment mechanism
  • a sub-board is operably connected for adjusting the angle between the first sub-board and the floating board
  • the second sub-angle adjustment mechanism is operably connected with the
  • the floating foundation includes a first floating arm, a second floating arm and a third floating arm connected in a Y shape, and the length of the first floating arm is longer than that of the second floating arm and the third floating arm.
  • Three floating arms, the installation position is provided at the connection of the first floating arm, the second floating arm and the third floating arm, and the tower is installed at the installation position obliquely.
  • the floating plate is mounted on the first floating arm, and the floating plate is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first floating arm, so that the floating plate comprises a A first floating plate area on the side of the first floating arm and a second floating plate area on the other side of the first floating arm; the first sub-plate and the first floating plate area are hinged through a first hinge shaft, and the second The sub-board is hinged with the second floating board area through a second hinge shaft.
  • first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft are coaxially arranged.
  • the floating wind turbine further includes at least one first buoy, and the at least one first buoy is installed below the floating plate.
  • the floating plate includes a plurality of flat plates arranged uniformly and coplanarly.
  • the included angle between the wind deflector and the floating plate ranges from 10° to 50°.
  • the angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the floating plate and the wind deflector, and the angle adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, a base, a connecting block, a first support rod and a second support A rod; wherein a base is installed on the hinge shaft between the wind deflector and the floating plate, the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the base, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder faces the tower, so
  • the connecting block is installed on the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the two ends of the first support rod are hinged with the connecting block and the floating plate respectively, and the two ends of the second support rod are respectively connected with the The connecting block and the wind deflector are hinged.
  • the number of the hydraulic cylinder, the connecting block, the first support rod and the second support rod is several; several of the hydraulic cylinders are connected in sequence, and the number of each hydraulic cylinder is
  • the telescopic rods are all fixed with the connecting blocks, and each of the connecting blocks is connected to the floating plate and the air guide plate through the corresponding first support rod and the second support rod respectively.
  • each of the daughter boards is a flat board or a curved board.
  • the angle adjustment mechanism is installed between the tower and the wind deflector, and the angle adjustment mechanism includes a frame, a wire rope and a hoist;
  • the frame is installed on the wind deflector On both sides of the frame, the first side of the frame is hinged with the floating plate, and the second side of the frame opposite to the first side has a steel cable connection point;
  • the tower is provided with a connection point with the steel The wire rope perforation corresponding to the cable connection point, the hoist is installed in the tower, one end of the wire rope is fixed to the wire rope connection point, and the other end of the wire rope passes through the wire rope perforation connected to the hoist.
  • the wind deflector is made of canvas material.
  • the floating wind turbine further comprises a nacelle and a wind wheel, the nacelle is respectively installed on the top of the tower, and the wind wheel is installed on one end of the nacelle away from the wind deflector.
  • the present application can guide and disturb the wind within a certain height range on the sea surface by setting up a wind deflector structure including, for example, a wind deflector, a floating plate, and an angle adjustment mechanism, so that more wind flows to the wind wheel.
  • a wind deflector structure including, for example, a wind deflector, a floating plate, and an angle adjustment mechanism.
  • the wind energy capture efficiency is improved, thereby increasing the power generation.
  • the floating plate interacts with the sea water to increase the damping of the floating foundation's movement under the action of ocean waves, thereby effectively suppressing the swaying motion of the floating foundation and increasing the stability of the floating foundation.
  • the swing angle of the wind deflector can be adjusted by setting the angle adjustment mechanism.
  • the wind deflector can be opened to the maximum angle to absorb wind energy to the maximum extent.
  • the wind deflector can be closed to the minimum angle, so that the wind blocking area is significantly reduced, and the floating foundation and guide of the wind turbine are greatly reduced.
  • the wind load that the wind panel structure bears so as to ensure the safety of the structure.
  • the angle can be controlled according to the wind load on the wind deflector.
  • the load can be reduced by reducing the angle of the wind deflector to ensure the safety of the floating foundation and the mooring system.
  • the state of different wind deflectors can be adjusted according to the direction of the deviation (for example, a part of the wind deflector is folded, and the other part of the wind deflector is kept open to receive wind resistance load), whereby, an eccentric moment is generated to assist the wind turbine to rotate around the anchor point (with the turret bearing) at the end of the floating foundation located in the upwind direction, so as to assist the yaw to the wind.
  • the wind deflector can be a combination of multiple flat or curved panels and frame structures, and suitable metal or non-metallic materials that meet environmental and strength requirements can be selected to facilitate project implementation.
  • the wind deflector structure can be applied to floating wind turbines with double wind rotor or single wind rotor.
  • the wind deflector structure can be combined with the Y-shaped floating foundation, which makes the structure compact and the load transmission path shortened, which is conducive to lightweight design.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of the wind guide structure in Embodiment 1 according to the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 after the angle is adjusted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a floating wind turbine according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows the side view of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the adjustment angle of the floating plate in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view of the wind guide structure in Embodiment 2 according to the present application.
  • FIG. 7 shows a front view of the wind guide structure in Embodiment 2 according to the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a floating wind turbine according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 shows the side view of FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 1 to 5 show a floating wind turbine 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application, including: a wind deflector 1 , a floating plate 2 , an angle adjustment mechanism 21 , a floating foundation 22 and a tower 23 .
  • the floating foundation 22 is provided with an installation position 24
  • the tower frame 23 is installed at the installation position 24 and the tower frame 23 is provided with the wind wheel 18 .
  • the floating plate 2 is generally horizontally installed on the floating foundation 22 , the wind deflector 1 and the floating plate 2 are hingedly connected, and the opening between the wind deflector 1 and the floating plate 2 faces the tower 23 .
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 is operably connected with the wind deflector 1 to adjust the included angle between the wind deflector 1 and the floating plate 2 .
  • the wind guide plate 1 , the floating plate 2 , and the angle adjustment mechanism 21 together constitute the wind guide structure of this embodiment.
  • the wind guide structure may also include other components or adopt other structures.
  • the above-mentioned wind guide structure can guide and disturb the wind within a certain height range on the sea surface, so that more wind flow blows into the swept area of the wind wheel 18 , thereby improving the wind energy capture efficiency and thereby increasing the power generation.
  • the air deflector 1 and the floating plate 2 may also be supported by a fixed bracket, so that the included angle of the air deflector 1 relative to the floating plate 2 is a fixed value.
  • the tower 23 may be an airfoil tower, and the airfoil tower includes a support arm 16 and two airfoil support arms 15 at the upper end of the support arm 16 , more specifically, the first wing The lower end of the support arm 16 is installed at the installation position 24 .
  • the wind wheel 18 may include a first wind wheel 181 provided on the first airfoil support arm 151 and a second wind wheel 182 provided on the second airfoil support arm 152 . It can be understood that the first wind wheel 181 and the second wind wheel 182 can be driven by the wind to rotate, so that the wind energy can be converted into electrical energy.
  • the wind deflector 1 may include two or more sub-boards, each of which is hinged with the floating plate 2 respectively.
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 may include two or more sub-angle adjustment mechanisms, and each sub-board is respectively operably connected to the corresponding sub-angle adjustment mechanism.
  • the wind deflector 1 may include a first sub-board 111 and a second sub-board 112 , which are respectively hinged to the floating plate 2 .
  • the first sub-board 111 may correspond to the first wind rotor 181 to guide the wind to the first wind rotor 181 .
  • the second sub-plate 112 may correspond to the second wind rotor 182 to guide the wind force toward the second wind rotor 182 .
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 may include a first sub-angle adjustment mechanism 211 and a second sub-angle adjustment mechanism 212 , the first sub-angle adjustment mechanism 211 is operably connected with the first sub-plate 111 for adjusting the first sub-plate 111 The second sub-angle adjustment mechanism 212 is operably connected to the second sub-board 112 for adjusting the included angle between the second sub-board 112 and the floating plate 2 .
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 to include the first sub-angle adjustment mechanism 211 and the second sub-angle adjustment mechanism 212, the swing angles of the first sub-plate 111 and the second sub-plate 112 can be adjusted independently.
  • the wind turbine deviates from the wind direction, according to the direction deviating from the wind direction, by adjusting the respective opening/closing states of the first sub-plate 111 and the second sub-plate 112, an eccentric moment can be generated to assist the wind turbine to wind the floating foundation
  • the anchor point (with a turret bearing) at the end of the 22 in the upwind direction rotates, thereby realizing the assistance of yaw to the wind.
  • the floating foundation 22 may include a first floating arm 221 , a second floating arm 222 and a third floating arm 223 connected in a Y shape, and the length of the first floating arm 221 may be longer than that of the second floating arm 222 and the third floating arm 221 Float arm 223.
  • a mounting position 24 is provided at the connection between the first floating arm 221 , the second floating arm 222 and the third floating arm 223 , and the tower 23 is preferably installed at the mounting position 24 obliquely.
  • the floating plate 2 may be mounted on the first floating arm 221, and the floating plate 2 may be symmetrically arranged with respect to the first floating arm 221, so that the floating plate 2 includes a first floating plate region 201 on one side of the first floating arm 221 and a first floating plate region 201 on one side of the first floating arm 221.
  • the second floating plate area 202 on the other side of a floating arm 221 .
  • the first sub-board 111 and the first floating plate region 201 can be hinged through the first hinge shaft 231
  • the second sub-board 112 and the second floating plate region 202 can be hinged through the second hinge shaft 232 .
  • the first hinge shaft 231 and the second hinge shaft 232 may be coaxially disposed.
  • the floating wind turbine 100 may further include at least one first pontoon 4 , for example, the at least one first pontoon 4 is installed below the floating plate 2 .
  • the first pontoon 4 may be symmetrically installed on the lower surface of the floating plate 2 along the first pontoon arm 221 .
  • the first buoy 4 cooperates with the floating plate 2 to improve the floating performance of the overall wind guide structure.
  • the included angle between the wind deflector 1 (eg, each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1 ) and the floating plate 2 ranges from 10° to 50°.
  • the swing angle of the wind deflector 1 can be adjusted, and the swing range of the wind deflector 1 can be controlled to be 10-50°.
  • the air deflector 1 (for example, each sub-board of the air deflector 1 ) may include a plurality of flat panels 9 or curved panels arranged uniformly and coplanarly.
  • the board can be spliced by a plurality of small boards on the frame structure according to the needs.
  • the material of the board surface of each small board can be made of steel plate or glass steel plate or other metal or non-metal material, which can meet the environmental conditions and strength requirements. .
  • the shape of the board surface can be made into a straight line or a curved shape to enhance the air guiding effect.
  • the specific shape of the curved board surface is determined according to the design requirements.
  • both the first sub-board 111 and the second sub-board 112 may be flat or curved.
  • the floating plate 2 may include a plurality of evenly arranged flat plates 9 .
  • the floating board 2 floats on the sea surface and is used to support the weight of the wind deflector 1 and the support frame.
  • the floating plate 2 can be a closed plane plate surrounded by a plurality of plane plates 9 , or can be a plane plate with holes, and the vacant holes are used to set the first buoy 4 .
  • the first buoy 4 cooperates with the floating plate 2, which can improve the floating performance of the wind deflector 1 and prolong its service life.
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 can be installed between the floating plate 2 and the wind deflector 1 .
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 includes a hydraulic cylinder 5, a base 6, a connecting block 7 and a support rod 8 (including a first support rod 81 and a second support rod 82).
  • a base 6 is mounted on the hinge shaft between each sub-board (the first sub-board 111 and the second sub-board 112 ) of the air deflector 1 (the first sub-board 111 and the second sub-board 112 ) and the floating plate 2 , the hydraulic cylinder 5 is mounted on the base 6 , and the hydraulic cylinder 5
  • the telescopic rod 25 faces the tower 23
  • the connecting block 7 is installed on the telescopic rod 25 of the hydraulic cylinder 5
  • the two ends of the first support rod 81 are hinged with the connecting block 7 and the floating plate 2 respectively
  • the two ends of the second support rod 82 are respectively Hinged with connecting block 7 and wind deflector 1 .
  • the number of hydraulic cylinders 5, connecting blocks 7, first support rods 81 and second support rods 82 may be several.
  • the telescopic rod 25 of each hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixed with a connecting block 7, and each connecting block 7 is connected to the floating plate 2 and the guide through the corresponding first support rod 81 and second support rod 82 respectively.
  • Wind panel 1 is connected.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 5 is extended and retracted so that the first support rod 81 and the second support rod 82 are rotated around the end hinge point, so that the first support rod 81 and the second support rod 82 are opened or closed, thereby
  • the angle between the sub-board (the first sub-board 111 or the second sub-board 112 ) corresponding to the angle adjustment mechanism 21 and the floating plate 2 is changed.
  • an angle adjustment mechanism 21 is provided between the first sub-board 111 and the floating plate 2 and between the second sub-board 112 and the floating plate 2 (for example, a The angle adjustment mechanism 21 is referred to as the first sub-angle adjustment mechanism 211, and the angle adjustment mechanism 21 corresponding to the second sub-board 112 is referred to as the second sub-angle adjustment mechanism 212), so that the first sub-board 111 or the second sub-board 111 can be adjusted independently The swing angle of the sub-board 112 .
  • the angle of the wind deflector 1 can be adjusted by hydraulic drive.
  • the opening angle of the wind deflector 1 can be reduced to reduce the wind blocking area, thereby reducing the wind deflector 1.
  • the design difficulty of the support structure of the wind deflector 1 and the foundation mooring system of the wind turbine is significantly reduced, and the structural safety is ensured.
  • the first sub-board 111 or the second sub-board 112 can be retracted independently, so that the wind resistance of the first sub-board 111 and the second sub-board 112 are different, thereby The eccentric moment is generated to assist the yaw of the floating wind generator set 100 to face the wind, improve the accuracy of the face to the wind, and thereby increase the power generation.
  • the hydraulic power unit can be arranged inside the second pontoon 20 of the floating foundation 22 and connected to the hydraulic cylinder 5 through pipelines.
  • the floating wind turbine 100 may further include a nacelle 17 , the nacelles 17 are respectively installed on the top of the towers 23 , and the wind rotor 18 is installed on one end of the nacelle 17 away from the wind deflector 1 .
  • the shape of the airfoil support arm 15 is similar to the wing of an airplane, and wind resistance can be reduced by this arrangement.
  • the airfoil support arm 15 may also have a cable connection point preset, and the cable connection point and the floating foundation 22 are pre-tightened through the cable 19 to improve stability.
  • the floating foundation 22 and the tower frame 23 are both arranged in a Y-shape, and an installation position is reserved for the wind guide structure.
  • the wind guide structure is installed on the floating wind turbine 100. When the wind blows through the wind deflector 1 at a low position, it will flow obliquely upward under the guidance of the wind deflector 1 and accelerate, toward the swept area of the two wind wheels 18. flow.
  • the first floating arm 221 is located in the upwind direction
  • the second floating arm 222 and the third floating arm 223 are located in the downwind direction.
  • the inclined direction of the support arm 16 may be a direction away from the first floating arm 221 .
  • the support arms 15, 16, the nacelle 17 and the wind wheel 18 are moved to this inclined direction as a whole, and the thrust generated by the wind acting on the wind wheel 18 and the support arm 16 increases relative to the distance from the anchor point at the end of the floating foundation, thereby increasing the wind thrust
  • the generated yaw restoring moment is conducive to the realization of passive yaw to the wind.
  • the floating wind turbine 100 may also include the stay cables 19 and several second pontoons 20 .
  • Each stay cable 19 may be a steel strand.
  • the second pontoons 20 can be respectively installed on the other ends of the three pontoon arms 3 (the first pontoon 221 , the second pontoon 222 and the third pontoon 223 ). connect.
  • the two obliquely arranged airfoil arms 15 can ensure stability by means of the stay cables 29 .
  • the floating arm 3 may have a cavity inside. Water can be injected into the cavity to increase the buoyancy of the floating foundation 22 .
  • this embodiment is a modification of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, this embodiment mainly has the following differences compared with the above-mentioned Embodiment 1. If there is no conflict, other features of this embodiment can be substantially the same as those of Embodiment 1.
  • the angle adjustment mechanism 21 can be installed between the tower 23 and the wind deflector 1 , and the angle adjustment mechanism 21 includes the frame 10 , the wire rope 11 and the hoist (not shown)
  • the frame 10 is installed on both sides of the wind deflector 1, the first side of the frame 10 is hinged with the floating plate 2, and the second side of the frame 10 opposite to the first side has a steel cable connection point 13;
  • the tower 23 is provided with The wire rope through hole 14 corresponding to the wire rope connection point 13, the hoist is installed in the tower 23, one end of the wire rope 11 is fixed to the wire rope connection point 13, and the other end of the wire rope 11 is connected to the hoist through the wire rope through hole 14 .
  • each sub-board (the first sub-board 111 and the second sub-board 112 ) of the air deflector 1 can be made of canvas material, for example, the canvas surface is fixed on the frame 10 of each sub-board.
  • Frames 10 on both sides of each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1 can be made of steel, one end of each frame 10 can be hinged with the floating plate 2 , and the other end can be connected with a steel cable 11 .
  • the canvas surface is fixedly connected with the frame 10, and forms a curved surface as a wind guide surface under the action of wind load.
  • each sub-panel of the wind deflector 1 is not limited to be made of canvas and frame 10 .
  • sub-boards made of canvas and frame 10 can be adapted for use in stationary wind deflectors.
  • the sub-board made of canvas and frame 10 can also be used in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1.
  • the swing angle of each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1 is adjusted by driving the hoisting wire rope, so that the structures such as the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the support rod 8 in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 can be eliminated.
  • two groups of steel cables 11 are used to pull each sub-plate obliquely, and each group of steel cables 11 is driven by a hoist, so as to adjust the swing angle of each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1 .
  • frames 10 can be installed on the left and right sides of each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1 respectively, steel cable connection points 13 are respectively set on each frame 10 , and a plurality of airfoil support arms 15 are provided.
  • the wire rope is perforated 14, the hoisting mechanism (not shown in the figure) is installed in the airfoil support arm 15, one end of each wire rope 11 is connected to the two side frames 10 of each sub-plate of the wind deflector 1, and the other end is in the same direction as the wind direction.

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Abstract

一种漂浮式风力发电机组，包括：导风板（1）、浮板（2）、角度调节机构（21）、浮式基础（22）和塔架（23）；其中，浮式基础（22）设置有安装位（24），塔架（23）安装于安装位（24）且塔架（23）设置有风轮（18），浮板（2）大体水平地安装于浮式基础（22），导风板（1）与浮板（2）铰接，导风板（1）与浮板（2）之间的开口朝向塔架（23），角度调节机构（21）与导风板（1）可操作地连接，以调节导风板（1）与浮板（2）之间的夹角。通过设置包括导风板、浮板、以及角度调节机构的导风结构，可以将海面上一定高度范围内的风进行引导和扰动，使得更多的风流吹向风轮的扫风面积内，从而提高风能捕获效率，进而提高发电量。

Description

漂浮式风力发电机组 技术领域
本申请涉及风力发电技术领域，具体涉及一种漂浮式风力发电机组。
背景技术
常规风力发电机组结构是单风轮主动偏航系统，风能捕获效率低。另外，在传统固定式基础的风力发电机组中，固定式基础占地面积小，无法支撑大型导风结构的安装。
发明内容
本申请的目的是为了克服以上现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种具有导风结构的漂浮式风力发电机组。
本申请的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：一种漂浮式风力发电机组，包括：导风板、浮板、角度调节机构、浮式基础和塔架；其中，所述浮式基础设置有安装位，所述塔架安装于所述安装位且所述塔架设置有风轮，所述浮板大体水平地安装于所述浮式基础，所述导风板与所述浮板铰接，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的开口朝向所述塔架，所述角度调节机构与所述导风板可操作地连接，以调节所述导风板与所述浮板之间的夹角。
在其中一个实施例中，所述导风板包括两个或两个以上子板，各个所述子板分别与所述浮板铰接；所述角度调节机构包括两个或者两个以上子角度调节机构，各个所述子板分别与对应的所述子角度调节机构可操作地连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述塔架为翼型塔架，所述翼型塔架包括支撑臂和位于所述支撑臂上端的第一翼型支臂和第二翼型支臂，所述支撑臂的下端安装于所述安装位；所述风轮包括设置于所述第一翼型支臂上的第一风轮和设置于所述第二翼型支臂上的第二风轮；所述导风板包括第一子板和第二子板，所述第一子板和所述第二子板分别与所述浮板铰接，所述第一子板对应于所述第一风轮，所述第二子板对应于所述第二风轮；所述角度调节机构包括第一子角度调节机构和第二子角度调节机构，所述第一子角度调节机构与所述第一子板可操作地连接以用于调节所述第一子板和所述浮板之间的夹角，所述第二子角度调节机构与所述第二子板可操作地连接以用于调节所述第二子板和所述浮板之间的夹角。
在其中一个实施例中，所述浮式基础包括连接成Y字形的第一浮臂、第二浮臂和第三浮 臂，所述第一浮臂的长度长于所述第二浮臂和第三浮臂，所述第一浮臂、第二浮臂和第三浮臂的连接处设置有所述安装位，所述塔架倾斜安装于所述安装位。
在其中一个实施例中，所述浮板安装于所述第一浮臂上，所述浮板关于所述第一浮臂对称地布置，使得所述浮板包括位于所述第一浮臂一侧的第一浮板区域和位于所述第一浮臂另一侧的第二浮板区域；所述第一子板与所述第一浮板区域通过第一铰轴铰接，所述第二子板与所述第二浮板区域通过第二铰轴铰接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一铰轴和所述第二铰轴同轴设置。
在其中一个实施例中，漂浮式风力发电机组还包括至少一个第一浮筒，所述至少一个第一浮筒安装于所述浮板的下方。
在其中一个实施例中，所述浮板包括多张均匀共面排列的平面板。
在其中一个实施例中，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的夹角范围为10-50°。
在其中一个实施例中，所述角度调节机构安装于所述浮板与所述导风板之间，所述角度调节机构包括液压缸、基座、连接块、第一支撑杆和第二支撑杆；其中，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的铰轴上安装有基座，所述液压缸安装于所述基座，所述液压缸的伸缩杆朝向所述塔架，所述连接块安装于所述液压缸的所述伸缩杆，所述第一支撑杆的两端分别与所述连接块和所述浮板铰接，所述第二支撑杆的两端分别与所述连接块和所述导风板铰接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述液压缸、所述连接块、所述第一支撑杆和所述第二支撑杆的数量均为若干个；若干个所述液压缸依次连接，各个液压缸的伸缩杆均固定有所述连接块，各个所述连接块分别通过对应的所述第一支撑杆和所述第二支撑杆与所述浮板和导风板连接。
在其中一个实施例中，各个所述子板是平面板或曲面板。
在其中一个实施例中，所述角度调节机构安装于所述塔架与所述导风板之间，所述角度调节机构包括框架、钢索和卷扬机；所述框架安装于所述导风板的两侧，所述框架的第一侧与所述浮板铰接，所述框架的与所述第一侧相对的第二侧具有钢索连接点；所述塔架上设有与所述钢索连接点相对应的钢索穿孔，所述卷扬机安装在所述塔架中，所述钢索的一端固定于所述钢索连接点，所述钢索的另一端穿过所述钢索穿孔与所述卷扬机连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述导风板采用帆布材料制作而成。
在其中一个实施例中，漂浮式风力发电机组还包括机舱和风轮，所述机舱分别安装于塔架的顶端，所述风轮安装于所述机舱的背离所述导风板的一端。
本申请相对于现有技术具有如下优点：
第一，本申请通过设置例如包括导风板、浮板、以及角度调节机构的导风结构，可以将海面上一定高度范围内的风进行引导和扰动，使得更多的风流吹向风轮的扫风面积内，从而提高风能捕获效率，进而提高发电量。另外，浮板与海水相互作用，增加浮式基础在海浪作用下运动的阻尼，从而有效抑制浮式基础的摇摆运动，增加浮式基础的稳定性。
第二，本申请中通过设置角度调节机构，可调节导风板的摆动角度。当风速较小时，导风板可以张开到最大角度，以最大限度吸收风能。当风速持续稳定超过风力发电机组的额定风速时，尤其是台风等极限风况出现时，导风板可以合拢到最小角度，使得挡风面积显著缩小，大大降低风力发电机组的浮式基础和导风板结构所承受的风载荷，从而保证结构安全。在其他风速状态下，可根据导风板上的风载荷大小进行角度控制，依据设计要求确定，可通过减小导风板角度降低载荷，保证浮式基础和锚泊系统安全。当风力发电机组偏离风向时，可依据偏离风向的方向，通过调整不同导风板的状态(例如将一部分的导风板收起，使另一部分的导风板保持张开以受到风阻载荷)，从而产生偏心力矩以辅助风力发电机组绕浮式基础的位于上风向的端部的锚点(带有转塔轴承)旋转，实现对偏航对风的辅助。
第三，导风板可以采用多个平板或曲面板和框架结构的结合，可以选择满足环境和强度要求的合适的金属或非金属材料，方便工程实施。导风板结构可适用于双风轮或单风轮浮动式风力发电机组，导风板结构可以与Y字形的浮式基础结合，使得结构紧凑，载荷传递路径缩短，利于轻量化设计。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本申请的实施例1中的导风结构的侧视图。
图2示出了图1调整角度后的结构示意图。
图3示出了根据本申请的实施例1的漂浮式风力发电机组的结构示意图。
图4示出了图3的侧视图。
图5示出了图3中浮板调整角度的示意图。
图6示出了根据本申请的实施例2中的导风结构的侧视图。
图7示出了根据本申请的实施例2中的导风结构的主视图。
图8示出了根据本申请的实施例2的漂浮式风力发电机组的结构示意图。
图9示出了图8的侧视图。
图中，1为导风板；2为浮板；3为浮臂；4为第一浮筒；5为液压缸；6为基座；7为连接块；8为支撑杆；9为平面板；10为框架；11为钢索；12为帆布板面；13为钢索连接点；14为钢索穿孔；15为翼型支臂；16为支撑臂；17为机舱；18为风轮；19为拉索；20为第二浮筒；21为角度调节机构；22为浮式基础；23为塔架；24为安装位；25为伸缩杆；29为斜拉拉索；81为第一支撑杆；82为第二支撑杆；100为漂浮式风力发电机组；111为第一子板；112为第二子板；151为第一翼型支臂；152为第二翼型支臂；181为第一风轮；182为第二风轮；201为第一浮板区域；202为第二浮板区域；211为第一子角度调节机构；212为第二子角度调节机构；221为第一浮臂；222为第二浮臂；223为第三浮臂；231为第一铰轴；232为第二铰轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步说明。
图1-图5示出了本申请实施例提供的一种漂浮式风力发电机组100，包括：导风板1、浮板2、角度调节机构21、浮式基础22和塔架23。其中，浮式基础22设置有安装位24，塔架23安装于安装位24且塔架23设置有风轮18。浮板2大体水平地安装于浮式基础22，导风板1与浮板2铰接，导风板1与浮板2之间的开口朝向塔架23。角度调节机构21与导风板1可操作地连接，以调节导风板1与浮板2之间的夹角。导风板1、浮板2、以及角度调节机构21一起构成了本实施例的导风结构。但应注意的是，根据设计要求和其它需要，导风结构还可以包括其它部件或者采用其他结构。
上述导风结构可以将海面上一定高度范围内的风进行引导和扰动，使得更多的风流吹向风轮18的扫风面积内，从而提高风能捕获效率，进而提高发电量。在其他一些实施例中，导风板1与浮板2之间也可通过固定支架支撑，使得导风板1相对于浮板2的夹角是固定值。
参见图3，在一些实施例中，塔架23可以为翼型塔架，翼型塔架包括支撑臂16和位于支撑臂16上端的两个翼型支臂15，更具体地，第一翼型支臂151和第二翼型支臂152，支撑臂16的下端安装于安装位24。风轮18可以包括设置于第一翼型支臂151上的第一风轮181和设置于第二翼型支臂152上的第二风轮182。可以理解，第一风轮181和第二风轮182能够被风驱动而发生旋转，使得风能能够被转换为电能。
在一些实施例中，导风板1可以包括两个或两个以上子板，各个子板分别与浮板2铰接。 角度调节机构21可以包括两个或者两个以上子角度调节机构，各个子板分别与对应的子角度调节机构可操作地连接。
参见图3和图5，本实施例中，导风板1可以包括第一子板111和第二子板112，第一子板111和第二子板112分别与浮板2铰接。第一子板111可以对应于第一风轮181，以将风力引导向第一风轮181。第二子板112可以对应于第二风轮182，以将风力引导向第二风轮182。此外，角度调节机构21可以包括第一子角度调节机构211和第二子角度调节机构212，第一子角度调节机构211与第一子板111可操作地连接以用于调节第一子板111和浮板2之间的夹角，第二子角度调节机构212与第二子板112可操作地连接以用于调节第二子板112和浮板2之间的夹角。
如此，通过使角度调节机构21构造成包括第一子角度调节机构211和第二子角度调节机构212，能够单独调节第一子板111和第二子板112的摆动角度。当风力发电机组偏离风向时，可依据偏离风向的方向，通过调整第一子板111和第二子板112各自的张开/收合状态，从而产生偏心力矩以辅助风力发电机组绕浮式基础22的位于上风向的端部的锚点(带有转塔轴承)旋转，进而实现对偏航对风的辅助。在一些实施例中，两块导风板之间可以具有较小的间隙，在单独调节第一子板111或第二子板112的摆动角度时，第一子板111和第二子板112之间不会互相影响。
参见图5，浮式基础22可以包括连接成Y字形的第一浮臂221、第二浮臂222和第三浮臂223，第一浮臂221的长度可以长于第二浮臂222和第三浮臂223。第一浮臂221、第二浮臂222和第三浮臂223的连接处设置有安装位24，塔架23优选地倾斜安装于安装位24。
浮板2可以安装于第一浮臂221上，浮板2可以关于第一浮臂221对称地布置，使得浮板2包括位于第一浮臂221一侧的第一浮板区域201和位于第一浮臂221另一侧的第二浮板区域202。第一子板111与第一浮板区域201可以通过第一铰轴231铰接，第二子板112与第二浮板区域202可以通过第二铰轴232铰接。在一些实施例中，第一铰轴231和第二铰轴232可以同轴设置。
在一些实施例中，漂浮式风力发电机组100还可以包括至少一个第一浮筒4，所述至少一个第一浮筒4例如安装于浮板2的下方。例如，第一浮筒4可以沿所述第一浮臂221对称安装于浮板2的下表面。第一浮筒4与浮板2相配合，能够提高整体导风结构的漂浮性能。
在一些实施例中，导风板1(例如，导风板1的各个子板)与浮板2之间的夹角范围为10-50°。通过设置角度调节机构21能够调节导风板1的摆动角度，控制其摆动范围为10-50°。
在一些实施例中，导风板1(例如，导风板1的各个子板)可以包括多张均匀共面排列的平面板9或曲面板，导风板1可以分片地制作，各个子板可以根据需要由多个小块板在框架结构上拼接而成，各个小块板的板面的材料可以采用钢板或玻璃钢板或其他金属或非金属材料，能够满足环境条件和强度要求即可。板面的形状可以做成直线型，也可以做成曲线型，以增强导风效果。曲线型板面的具体形状依据设计需求确定。在一些实施例中，第一子板111和第二子板112可以均采用平面板或曲面板。
在一些实施例中，浮板2可以包括多张均匀排列的平面板9。浮板2漂浮在海面上，用于支撑导风板1和支撑架的重量。浮板2可以是由多张平面板9围成的封闭平面板，也可以是具有孔位的平面板，空缺的孔位用于设置第一浮筒4。第一浮筒4与浮板2相配合，能够提高导风板1的漂浮性能，提高其使用寿命。
如图1和图2所示，在本实施例中，角度调节机构21可以安装于浮板2与导风板1之间。例如，角度调节机构21包括液压缸5、基座6、连接块7和支撑杆8(包括第一支撑杆81和第二支撑杆82)。导风板1的各个子板(第一子板111和第二子板112)与浮板2之间的铰轴上例如安装有基座6，液压缸5安装于基座6，液压缸5的伸缩杆25朝向塔架23，连接块7安装于液压缸5的伸缩杆25，第一支撑杆81的两端分别与连接块7和浮板2铰接，第二支撑杆82的两端分别与连接块7和导风板1铰接。
在一些实施例中，在一个角度调节机构21中，液压缸5、连接块7、第一支撑杆81和第二支撑杆82的数量可以均为若干个。例如，若干个液压缸5依次连接，各个液压缸5的伸缩杆25均固定有连接块7，各个连接块7分别通过对应的第一支撑杆81和第二支撑杆82与浮板2和导风板1连接。
如图3和图5所示，液压缸5伸缩使得第一支撑杆81和第二支撑杆82绕端部铰接点旋转，以使第一支撑杆81和第二支撑杆82打开或者合拢，从而改变该角度调节机构21所对应的子板(第一子板111或第二子板112)与浮板2之间的夹角。在一些实施例中，在第一子板111与浮板2之间、在第二子板112与浮板2之间均设置有角度调节机构21(例如，将对应于第一子板111的角度调节机构21称为第一子角度调节机构211，将对应于第二子板112的角度调节机构21称为第二子角度调节机构212)，从而能够单独调节第一子板111或第二子板112的摆动角度。
通过设置角度调节机构21，利用液压驱动实现导风板1的角度可调，当风速过大时，通过减小导风板1的张开角度，降低挡风面积，进而减小导风板1上的风载荷，尤其是在台风等 极限风速工况下，显著降低导风板1支撑结构及风力发电机组基础锚泊系统的设计难度，保证结构安全性。设置第一子角度调节机构211和第二子角度调节机构212可以单独收起第一子板111或第二子板112，使得第一子板111和第二子板112的风阻不一样，从而产生偏心力矩，辅助浮动式风力发电机组100的偏航对风，提高对风精度从而提高发电量。
通过设置若干个液压缸5及与其配合的支撑杆8等组件，能够提高角度调节精度和支撑稳定性。具体使用时，可将液压动力单元布置在浮式基础22的第二浮筒20的内部，通过管路连接到液压缸5。
在一些实施例中，漂浮式风力发电机组100还可以包括机舱17，机舱17分别安装于塔架23的顶端，风轮18安装于所述机舱17的背离导风板1的一端。
翼型支臂15的形状近似于飞机的机翼，通过此设置可以减少风阻。为提高塔架23的稳定性，翼型支臂15也可预设拉索连接点，拉索连接点与浮式基础22之间通过拉索19预紧连接，提高稳定性。在本实施例中，浮式基础22与塔架23均设置成Y字形，为导风结构预留安装位置。将导风结构安装于漂浮式风力发电机组100，低处风吹过导风板1时，会在导风板1的引导下斜向上流动并加速，朝向两个风轮18的扫风面积内流动。使得两个风轮18扫风面积内的气流速度和密度增加，使得风轮18对风能的捕获能力大大增加，从而显著提高风力发电机组100的发电量。在一些实施例中，第一浮臂221位于上风向，第二浮臂222和第三浮臂223位于下风向。
所述支撑臂16的倾斜方向可以是与第一浮臂221相背离的方向。使得支撑臂15、16及机舱17和风轮18整体向此倾斜方向移动，风作用在风轮18和支撑臂16上产生的推力相对浮式基础端部锚点的距离增大，进而增大风推力产生的偏航回复力矩，利于实现被动偏航对风。
在一些实施例中，漂浮式风力发电机组100还可以包括拉索19和若干个第二浮筒20。各拉索19可以是钢绞线。第二浮筒20可以分别安装于三根浮臂3(第一浮臂221、第二浮臂222和第三浮臂223)的另一端，各个第二浮筒20可以与对应的机舱17通过拉索19连接。两个倾斜布置的翼型支臂15可以通过斜拉拉索29保证稳定性。
在一些实施例中，浮臂3的内部可以具有空腔。可向空腔中注水，提高浮式基础22的浮力。
实施例2：
本实施例除是上述实施例1的变型，本实施例与上述实施例1相比主要存在以下不同之处，在不冲突的情况下，本实施例的其他特征可以与实施例1大体相同。
如图6-图9所示，本实施例中，角度调节机构21可以安装于塔架23与导风板1之间，角度调节机构21包括框架10、钢索11和卷扬机(未图示)；框架10安装于导风板1的两侧，框架10的第一侧与浮板2铰接，框架10的与第一侧相对的第二侧具有钢索连接点13；塔架23上设有与钢索连接点13相对应的钢索穿孔14，卷扬机安装在塔架23中，钢索11的一端固定于钢索连接点13，钢索11的另一端穿过钢索穿孔14与卷扬机连接。
在本实施例中，导风板1的各个子板(第一子板111和第二子板112)例如可以采用帆布材料制作出板面，帆布板面固定在各个子板的框架10上。导风板1的各个子板的两侧框架10可以由钢制成，各个框架10的一端可以与浮板2铰接，另一端可以与钢索11连接。帆布板面与框架10固连，在风载荷作用下形成曲面作为导风面。在其他实施例中，导风板1的各个子板并不限于由帆布和框架10制成。另外，帆布和框架10制成的子板可以适用于固定式导风板中。另外，帆布和框架10制成的子板也可以应用与上述实施例1中。
本实施例通过卷扬钢索驱动调节导风板1的各个子板的摆动角度，这样，可以取消上述实施例1中的液压缸5、支撑杆8等结构。本实施例中，使用两组钢索11斜拉各个子板，各组钢索11分别通过卷扬机驱动，进而调节导风板1的各个子板的摆动角度。
参见图8，本实施例中可以在导风板1的各个子板的左右两侧分别安装框架10，在各个框架10上分别设置钢索连接点13，在翼型支臂15上开设多个钢索穿孔14，卷扬机构(图中未示出)安装在翼型支臂15中，各个钢索11的一端连接到导风板1的各个子板的两侧框架10，另一端在与风向平行的竖直平面中到达风力发电机组100的塔架23的对应位置，沿翼型支臂15的对应的钢索穿孔14进入塔架23内部，与卷扬机构连接，从而通过卷扬机驱动钢索11。
上述具体实施方式为本申请的优选实施例，并不能对本申请进行限定，其他的任何未背离本申请的技术方案而所做的改变或其它等效的置换方式，都包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种漂浮式风力发电机组，包括：导风板、浮板、角度调节机构、浮式基础和塔架；其中，所述浮式基础设置有安装位，所述塔架安装于所述安装位且所述塔架设置有风轮，所述浮板大体水平地安装于所述浮式基础，所述导风板与所述浮板铰接，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的开口朝向所述塔架，所述角度调节机构与所述导风板可操作地连接，以调节所述导风板与所述浮板之间的夹角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，
    所述导风板包括两个或两个以上子板，各个所述子板分别与所述浮板铰接；
    所述角度调节机构包括两个或者两个以上子角度调节机构，各个所述子板分别与对应的所述子角度调节机构可操作地连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，
    所述塔架为翼型塔架，所述翼型塔架包括支撑臂和位于所述支撑臂上端的第一翼型支臂和第二翼型支臂，所述支撑臂的下端安装于所述安装位；
    所述风轮包括设置于所述第一翼型支臂上的第一风轮和设置于所述第二翼型支臂上的第二风轮；
    所述导风板包括第一子板和第二子板，所述第一子板和所述第二子板分别与所述浮板铰接，所述第一子板对应于所述第一风轮，所述第二子板对应于所述第二风轮；
    所述角度调节机构包括第一子角度调节机构和第二子角度调节机构，所述第一子角度调节机构与所述第一子板可操作地连接以用于调节所述第一子板和所述浮板之间的夹角，所述第二子角度调节机构与所述第二子板可操作地连接以用于调节所述第二子板和所述浮板之间的夹角。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述浮式基础包括连接成Y字形的第一浮臂、第二浮臂和第三浮臂，所述第一浮臂的长度长于所述第二浮臂和第三浮臂，所述第一浮臂、第二浮臂和第三浮臂的连接处设置有所述安装位，所述塔架倾斜安装于所述安装位。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，
    所述浮板安装于所述第一浮臂上，所述浮板关于所述第一浮臂对称地布置，使得所述浮板包括位于所述第一浮臂一侧的第一浮板区域和位于所述第一浮臂另一侧的第二浮板区域；
    所述第一子板与所述第一浮板区域通过第一铰轴铰接，所述第二子板与所述第二浮板区域通过第二铰轴铰接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述第一铰轴和所述第二铰轴同轴设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，还包括至少一个第一浮筒，所述至少一个第一浮筒安装于所述浮板的下方。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述浮板包括多张均匀共面排列的平面板。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的夹角范围为10-50°。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，
    所述角度调节机构安装于所述浮板与所述导风板之间，所述角度调节机构包括液压缸、基座、连接块、第一支撑杆和第二支撑杆；
    其中，所述导风板与所述浮板之间的铰轴上安装有基座，所述液压缸安装于所述基座，所述液压缸的伸缩杆朝向所述塔架，所述连接块安装于所述液压缸的所述伸缩杆，所述第一支撑杆的两端分别与所述连接块和所述浮板铰接，所述第二支撑杆的两端分别与所述连接块和所述导风板铰接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述液压缸、所述连接块、所述第一支撑杆和所述第二支撑杆的数量均为若干个；若干个所述液压缸依次连接，各个液压缸的伸缩杆均固定有所述连接块，各个所述连接块分别通过对应的所述第一支撑杆和所述第二支撑杆与所述浮板和导风板连接。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，各个所述子板是平面板或曲面板。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，
    所述角度调节机构安装于所述塔架与所述导风板之间，所述角度调节机构包括框架、钢索和卷扬机；
    所述框架安装于所述导风板的两侧，所述框架的第一侧与所述浮板铰接，所述框架的与所述第一侧相对的第二侧具有钢索连接点；
    所述塔架上设有与所述钢索连接点相对应的钢索穿孔，所述卷扬机安装在所述塔架中，所述钢索的一端固定于所述钢索连接点，所述钢索的另一端穿过所述钢索穿孔与所述卷扬机连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，所述导风板采用帆布材料制作而成。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风力发电机组，其中，还包括机舱和风轮，所述机舱分别安装于塔架的顶端，所述风轮安装于所述机舱的背离所述导风板的一端。
PCT/CN2021/096077 2020-10-10 2021-05-26 漂浮式风力发电机组 Ceased WO2022073349A1 (zh)

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