WO2022088866A1 - 天线、天线模组和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线、天线模组和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088866A1
WO2022088866A1 PCT/CN2021/113630 CN2021113630W WO2022088866A1 WO 2022088866 A1 WO2022088866 A1 WO 2022088866A1 CN 2021113630 W CN2021113630 W CN 2021113630W WO 2022088866 A1 WO2022088866 A1 WO 2022088866A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
slot antenna
vibrator
gradient
parasitic
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/113630
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵金进
石操
武东伟
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to EP21884598.0A priority Critical patent/EP4216367B1/en
Publication of WO2022088866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088866A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H01Q13/085Slot-line radiating ends
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/02Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2291Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi® devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, in particular to an antenna, an antenna module and an electronic device.
  • the number of spatial streams continues to increase.
  • the maximum specification can support 16 streams, which means that built-in products require up to 16 sets of high-performance antennas, and each antenna is required to have little influence on each other to meet its radiation performance. Due to factors such as appearance, competitiveness, and usage habits in home scenarios, the size and ID of existing ONT (Optical network terminal, optical network terminal) built-in products are evolving in the direction of miniaturization, which means that product functions and performance are improved. Under certain conditions, the design space of MIMO antennas is actually getting more and more tight.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and an electronic device.
  • the antenna is miniaturized by integrating a gradient slot antenna and a folded vibrator to feed together, and the folded vibrator to form a resonance slot of the gradient slot antenna.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a gradient slot antenna, a folded vibrator, and a feeding structure;
  • the gradient slot antenna includes a first metal structure and a second metal structure, a gradient slot is formed between the first metal structure and the second metal structure, the extending direction of the gradient slot is the first direction, and the gradient slot is The two ends of the slot are the narrow slot end and the wide mouth end respectively;
  • the extension direction of the folded vibrator is a second direction, the second direction intersects with the first direction, the folded vibrator includes a main vibrator and a parasitic vibrator arranged oppositely, and the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator are located between the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator.
  • the area constitutes the inner space of the folded vibrator, the main vibrator is located between the parasitic vibrator and the slit end, and the main vibrator includes a first branch and a second spaced apart in the second direction.
  • the extension direction of the folded oscillator is the second direction, which can be understood as the extension direction of the main radiating part of the folded oscillator is in the second direction. If the main oscillator and the parasitic oscillator in the folded oscillator are both straight bars, the main oscillator and The extension direction of the parasitic oscillator is the second direction, and the two can be regarded as parallel or nearly parallel.
  • the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator in the folded vibrator can also be set to be bent at both ends, and a serpentine line is set between them. The size can be reduced. Although the bending part is not in the second direction, the extension direction of the folded vibrator as a whole can be regarded as the second direction.
  • the feeding structure is electrically connected between the first branch node and the second branch node, and feeds the folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna at the same time, so as to excite the gradient slot antenna directional antenna and excite the
  • the reduced oscillator is an omnidirectional antenna.
  • the antenna can be miniaturized, and not only can the radiation performance of the folded oscillator and the gradient slot antenna be realized respectively, but the two
  • the antennas also have complementary functions, for example, the resonator is used as the resonant slot of the tapered slot antenna, which is beneficial to the tuning of the tapered slot antenna.
  • the working frequency of the tapered slot antenna is lower than the working frequency of the reduced vibrator.
  • the range of the working frequency of the equivalent oscillator is: 6G-7.125G; the range of the working frequency of the gradient slot antenna is: 5.1G-5.9G.
  • the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator in the antenna provided in this embodiment have different working frequency ranges and radiate different signals, which improves the application range of the antenna and highlights its miniaturization advantage.
  • the gradient groove can be an axisymmetric structure, that is, the gradient groove is symmetrically distributed around a central axis, and the first metal structure and the second metal structure can also be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis, and the extension direction of the symmetry axis can be understood as the first direction.
  • the gradual change groove can also have an asymmetric structure.
  • the direction extending from the central position of the narrow end of the gradual groove to the central position of the wide end of the gradual groove is the first direction.
  • the first direction and the second direction may be orthogonal.
  • the included angle between the first direction and the second direction may also be an angle less than 90 degrees.
  • the antenna provided by the present application is distributed symmetrically, and the center of symmetry may be the central axis of the tapered slot, and the antenna with such a symmetrical structure can match a better bandwidth.
  • the gap between the first branch node and the second branch node is facing the narrow slit end of the gradient groove, which can be understood as the difference between the middle position of the gap and the middle position of the narrow slit end.
  • the extension direction of the connection line is the first direction.
  • the width of the gap may be greater than the width of the slit end.
  • connection line between the inner wall of the gap and the inner wall of the narrow slit end is in a smooth transition state, and can open and extend in a trumpet shape. In this way, from the slit end to the gap, and then to the internal space of the folded vibrator, the size It shows a gradual change, and this design is conducive to the feeding tuning of the gradient slot antenna by using the folded vibrator as a resonant slot.
  • the first branch and the first metal structure together form a first spacer with a first opening, and the first opening is located at an end of the first spacer away from the gradient groove;
  • the second The branch and the second metal structure together form a second spacer area with a second opening, the second opening is located at an end of the second spacer area away from the gradient groove, and the size of the first spacer area is smaller than the second spacer
  • the size of the area is because the extension size of the first branch in the first direction is greater than the extension size of the second branch in the first direction, that is, the first branch has a wider area, and this wider area is used for configuration
  • the feed structure is reserved.
  • the first branch includes a first connecting portion, the first connecting portion is connected to the first metal structure, the second branch includes a second connecting portion, and the second The connecting portion is connected to the second metal structure, and in the first direction, the extending size of the first connecting portion is larger than the extending size of the second connecting portion.
  • the power feeding structure can be installed on the first connection part through the dimension design of the first connection part.
  • the first connection part is provided with a through hole
  • the feeding structure includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor
  • the feeding structure passes through the through hole
  • the outer conductor is electrically connected to the
  • the first connection portion, the inner conductor is electrically connected to the second branch.
  • the feeding structure is a feeding cable
  • the feeding method provided by the present application is simple and easy to implement.
  • the present application does not require feeding by means of a microstrip line.
  • the microstrip line will have some influence on the radiation size of the folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna, and will occupy the area of the carrier board.
  • the connection between the feeding cable and the first connecting part The method of feeding power will not affect the radiation performance of the folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna.
  • the first metal structure includes a first microstrip line and a first tooth group
  • the first microstrip line includes a first edge facing the gradient groove and a first edge facing away from the gradient groove.
  • the second edge of the first tooth group is connected to the second edge and extends from the second edge to a direction away from the first edge, and the electrical length of the first tooth group is the gradient A quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the slot antenna.
  • the electrical length of the first tooth group can be understood as: in the second direction, the distance from the end of the first tooth group away from the second edge to the position of the central axis of the gradual change groove, the second direction is perpendicular to the gradual change central axis of the groove.
  • the first metal structure of the gradient slot antenna in the antenna provided by the present application is different from the large-area metal structure of the traditional gradient slot antenna.
  • the microstrip line is combined with the first tooth group to form a discrete sparse-tooth hollow structure.
  • the radiation performance of the gradient slot antenna can be guaranteed, and the electromagnetic wave penetration of the antenna body (referring to the gradient slot antenna) can be improved, so that the radiation performance of the folded vibrator can also be guaranteed.
  • the second metal structure includes a second microstrip line and a second tooth group, and the second microstrip line includes a third edge facing the gradual change groove and facing away from the gradual change groove.
  • the fourth edge of , the second set of teeth is connected to the fourth edge and extends from the fourth edge to the direction away from the third edge, the electrical length of the second set of teeth is the gradient A quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the slot antenna;
  • the electrical length of the second tooth group can be understood as: in the second direction, the distance between the end of the second tooth group away from the fourth edge and the position of the central axis of the gradient slot. distance, and the second direction is perpendicular to the central axis of the progressive groove.
  • the first tooth group and the second tooth group are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the gradual change groove. In this embodiment, the performance of the antenna is optimized through the symmetrical distribution of the first tooth group and the second tooth group.
  • the number of the first tooth group and the number of the second tooth group are both at least two, and at least two of the first tooth groups are unequal in length and spaced apart from the The length of the first tooth group that is closer to the wide mouth end is larger, at least two of the second tooth groups are unequal in length and are arranged at intervals, and the length of the second tooth group that is closer to the wide mouth end is longer. bigger.
  • the penetrating effect on electromagnetic wave signals is achieved through the discrete sparse tooth hollow architecture with gradual changes in size, and the effective scattering area of the antenna body is reduced at the same time, so as to provide the stability of electromagnetic wave transmission and the mutual influence between multiple antennas. .
  • the gradient slot antenna can be excited to work within a high frequency bandwidth, and the high frequency bandwidth includes the highest operating frequency and the lowest operating frequency, wherein the first tooth adjacent to the slit end
  • the electrical length of the group is a quarter wavelength of the highest operating frequency of the tapered slot antenna, and the electrical length of the first tooth group adjacent to the wide mouth end is the lowest operating frequency of the tapered slot antenna quarter wavelength.
  • the first tooth group with a quarter-wavelength electrical length has a monopole-like radiation characteristic, which can improve the gain of the graded slot antenna.
  • the first tooth group includes first comb teeth located at the wide-mouth end position
  • the second tooth group includes second comb teeth located at the wide-mouth end position
  • the The distance between the end of the first comb tooth facing away from the first microstrip line and the end of the second comb tooth facing away from the second microstrip line is half the operating frequency of the tapered slot antenna wavelength.
  • the size of the first microstrip line at the wide port end is less than one-half wavelength, so the function of the gradient slot antenna cannot be realized.
  • the basic structure of the gradient slot antenna is formed, and the distance between the end of the first comb tooth facing away from the first microstrip line and the end of the second comb tooth facing away from the second microstrip line is a given distance.
  • the design of the half wavelength of the working frequency of the tapered slot antenna can meet the radiation requirements of the tapered slot antenna.
  • the first comb tooth and the second comb tooth constitute the main radiation part of the tapered slot antenna, and on the other hand, as a tooth-like structure, a monopole-like structure can be formed, which can improve the gain of the tapered slot antenna.
  • the main vibrator includes a first body and a first bending segment and a second bending segment respectively located at both ends of the first body, and the first body includes the first branch and the second branch, the parasitic vibrator includes a second body and a third bending segment and a fourth bending segment respectively located at both ends of the second body, and the folded vibrator further includes a connection connected to the first bend. a first serpentine line between the folded section and the third folded section and a second serpentine line connected between the second folded section and the fourth folded section, the first serpentine line The serpentine line and the second serpentine line are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the purpose of this embodiment is to realize the miniaturization of the folded vibrator.
  • the size of the main vibrator in the second direction can be reduced by the structures of the first bending section and the second bending section located at both ends of the first body.
  • the third bending section and the fourth bending section respectively located at both ends of the second body can reduce the size of the parasitic oscillator in the second direction.
  • the first meandering line and the second meandering line are used to form non-radiative inductive loading, so as to reduce the size of the folded oscillator.
  • a first interval is formed between the first bending section and the third bending section, and a second bending section is formed between the second bending section and the fourth bending section.
  • an interval, the first meander line and the second meander line are located between the first interval and the second interval. That is, the vertical projections of the first meandering line and the second meandering line on the first body are located inside the first body.
  • the maximum size of the folded vibrator is less than or equal to the maximum size of the gradient slot antenna.
  • the maximum size of the antenna in the second direction is limited to the extension size of the folded vibrator in the second direction, and the gradient slot antenna is set within the size range limited by the folded vibrator in the second direction, which is conducive to realizing the miniaturization of the antenna .
  • the antenna further includes a parasitic unit, and the parasitic unit is located on the side of the tapered slot antenna away from the folded vibrator, and is used to improve the gain of the tapered slot antenna.
  • the parasitic unit is in the shape of a straight strip, which can be understood as the length dimension of the parasitic unit is close to the dipole antenna at the corresponding operating frequency, and the extension direction of the parasitic unit is the second direction.
  • the gradient slot antenna can be excited to work in a high frequency bandwidth, and the high frequency bandwidth includes a high frequency band and a low frequency band.
  • the parasitic unit uses In order to enhance the radiated electromagnetic waves of the gradient slot antenna on the low frequency band, when the gradient slot antenna works under the operating conditions of the high frequency band, the parasitic unit is used for the gradient slot antenna on the high frequency band. radiated electromagnetic waves are reflected.
  • the gradient slot antenna provided in this application is a directional antenna with broadband and high gain characteristics, which enhances the antenna radiation capability in high frequency bands.
  • the gradient slot antenna can cover the 5G frequency band, or can be cascaded backhaul in the Sub7G frequency band (cascaded backhaul).
  • Backhaul mainly refers to the use of networking between devices, and the data or video traffic from one device to another device is wirelessly transmitted to the next-level gateway).
  • the parasitic element extends linearly in the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the parasitic unit has a symmetrical structure with the center axis of the gradient slot as the center, and the vertical projection of the parasitic unit on the open end of the gradient slot antenna is within the range of the open end, that is, the vertical distance from both ends of the parasitic unit to the central axis of the gradient slot is smaller than the open end. The vertical distance between the two ends and the central axis of the gradient groove.
  • the high-frequency bandwidth includes a highest operating frequency and a lowest operating frequency
  • the electrical length of the parasitic element is less than or equal to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the gradient slot antenna at the lowest operating frequency.
  • the distance between the parasitic unit and the wide port end is a quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the effective frequency band of the parasitic unit on the tapered slot antenna.
  • the number of the parasitic units is at least two, and they are arranged at intervals along the first direction, and the distance between the adjacent parasitic units is the distance between the parasitic units and the A quarter of the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the effective frequency band of a graded slot antenna.
  • a parasitic unit is added, and by setting the electrical length of the parasitic unit, that is, the length of the parasitic unit Slightly less than the half-wavelength corresponding to a specific frequency, so as to achieve the enhancement of electromagnetic waves.
  • the present application is mainly designed according to the low frequency enhancement gain, so the length and spacing of the parasitic elements refer to the operating wavelength corresponding to the gradient slot antenna in the low frequency range. It can be understood that under the condition of maintaining the same pitch progression, when the number of parasitic elements is set to be more than one, the guiding effect can be enhanced.
  • the electrical length of the parasitic element is too long, it acts as a reflective parasitic element, so that the single-beam radiation becomes a multi-beam feature in the opposite direction, and finally the entire gradient slot antenna is in the high and low frequency sub-bands of the broadband frequency.
  • this feature well matches the current differentiated application requirements of WIFI frequency bands for different spectrums.
  • the antenna includes a dielectric plate for carrying the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator, and the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator are coplanar.
  • the metal parts of the folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna are arranged on the same surface of the dielectric plate, which can be the surface of the dielectric plate or a certain layer in the middle of the dielectric plate.
  • the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator are arranged on the front side of the dielectric plate, the feeding structure passes through the dielectric plate from the back side of the dielectric plate, and its outer conductor is electrically connected to the first branch, for example, by welding.
  • the inner conductor is electrically connected to the second stub, specifically, the first stub and the first metal structure are interconnected as a whole to form the floor of the antenna, and the outer conductor of the feeding structure is electrically connected to the first stub. ground.
  • the second branch and the second metal structure are interconnected as a whole, the inner conductor is electrically connected to the second branch, the connection between the first branch and the second branch forms a feeding coplanar waveguide structure, and the feeding is shared through the feeding structure.
  • the surface waveguide structure is fed.
  • the antenna includes a dielectric plate for carrying the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator, and the antennas are distributed on different surfaces of the dielectric plate.
  • An example is as follows: Taking the antennas distributed on two sides of the dielectric board as an example, the dielectric board includes a first surface and a second surface arranged in layers, and can at least include the following specific implementations:
  • the second metal structure, the second branch, the second meander line, part of the parasitic oscillator and the parasitic unit are located on the first surface, and the first metal structure, the first branch, and the first meander line and part of the parasitic oscillators are located on the second surface, and the parasitic oscillators located on the first surface and the parasitic oscillators located on the second surface are electrically connected through metal vias on the dielectric plate.
  • the parasitic oscillator is located on the first surface
  • the main oscillator including the first branch and the second branch
  • the first metal structure, the second metal structure and the parasitic unit are located on the second surface
  • the parasitic oscillator is located on the second surface. It is electrically connected with the main vibrator through metal vias on the dielectric board.
  • the folded element and the gradient slot antenna are located on the first surface, and the parasitic element is located on the second surface. In this embodiment, no electrical connection is required between the first surface and the second surface.
  • the present application may also include the following specific implementation manners: for example, the gradient slot antenna is located on the first surface, and the folded vibrator is located on the second surface. It can be understood that the graded slot antenna and the folded element can also be distributed on three or more layers. If an electrical connection is required between the non-coplanar folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna, the electrical connection can be achieved through metal vias between the dielectric substrates.
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including a radio frequency circuit and the antenna according to any one of the implementation manners in the first direction, wherein the feeding structure of the antenna is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit.
  • the present application further provides an antenna module, including a bracket and an antenna connected to the bracket, where the antenna is the antenna provided in any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the application of an electronic device including the antenna provided by the present application as a home gateway in a home gateway system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario of the electronic device (being a home gateway) provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the electronic device shown in FIG. 3 in a state in which the casing is removed.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG. 4 without the bracket for installing the antenna, which mainly expresses the positional relationship between the antenna and the single board in the electronic device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of antennas distributed on one surface of a dielectric board according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 7 and 8 are schematic side views of the dielectric plate in two directions, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are schematic diagrams of the distribution of antennas on two surfaces of a dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are schematic diagrams of the distribution of antennas on two surfaces of a dielectric plate provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are schematic diagrams of the distribution of antennas on two surfaces of a dielectric plate according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is an S-parameter curve diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 schematically shows the radiation patterns of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application under four different operating frequencies (5.5G, 5.9G, 6.5G, and 7G, respectively).
  • Home gateway It is a network device located inside a modern home. Its function is to connect home users to the Internet, so that various smart devices located in the home can get Internet services, or enable these smart devices to communicate with each other. .
  • a home gateway is a bridge that enables networking between multiple smart devices in the home and interconnection from the home to the external network. From a technical point of view, the home gateway implements bridging/routing, protocol conversion, address management and conversion within the home and from the inside to the outside, undertakes the responsibilities of a firewall, and provides possible services such as VoIP/Video over IP.
  • Wireless AP (AP, Access Point, wireless access node, session point or access bridge) is a broad term that includes not only a simple wireless access point (wireless AP), but also a wireless router (including A general term for devices such as wireless gateways, wireless bridges, etc.
  • the wireless AP access point supports the wireless application of 2.4GHz frequency, the sensitivity conforms to the 802.11n standard, and adopts dual-channel RF output, each channel maximum output is 600 mW, which can be used in wireless distribution system (point-to-point and point-to-multipoint bridge) in Wireless coverage is deployed in a large area, and it is a necessary wireless AP device for hotels to develop wireless networks.
  • Multi-input multi-output is an abstract mathematical model used to describe a multi-antenna wireless communication system.
  • the antenna receives and restores the original information.
  • the technology was first proposed by Marconi in 1908, he used multiple antennas to suppress channel fading. According to the number of antennas at both ends of the transceiver, compared with the common single-input single-output system (Single-Input Single-Output, SISO), the multi-antenna technology such as MIMO still includes the early so-called “smart antenna", that is, the single-input multiple-output system. (Single-Input Multi-Output, SIMO) and multiple input single output system (Multiple-Input Single-Output, MISO).
  • Omnidirectional antennas that is, 360° uniform radiation on the horizontal pattern, that is, the so-called non-directional, and a beam with a certain width on the vertical pattern.
  • the smaller the lobe width The bigger the gain.
  • the omnidirectional antenna is generally used in the station type of the suburban county system in the mobile communication system, and the coverage is large.
  • Horizontal polarization means that the vibration direction of electromagnetic waves is horizontal. Any polarized wave whose polarization plane is perpendicular to the normal plane of the earth is called a horizontally polarized wave. Its electric field direction is parallel to the earth.
  • Vertical polarization means that the electric field vector vibrates along a fixed direction in a fixed plane, then the electromagnetic wave is said to be polarized, and the plane containing the electric field vector E is called the plane of polarization.
  • Polarization is called polarization in microwave remote sensing, and there are two types of polarization: horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
  • V vertical polarization
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the application of an electronic device including the antenna provided by the present application as a home gateway in a home gateway system.
  • the electronic device provided by this application is a home gateway, the home gateway is connected between the optical central office and the terminal device, the optical central office is connected to the wide area network (Internet), and the optical central office is connected from the wide area network (Internet)
  • the signal is acquired, and the signal is transmitted to the home gateway, and then the antenna set in the home gateway transmits the signal to each terminal device.
  • the home gateway includes a digital module, a radio frequency module and an antenna.
  • the digital module is connected between the optical central office and the radio frequency module, and the radio frequency module is used to send radio frequency signals to the antenna.
  • the antenna may include Antenna 1, Antenna 2, Antenna 3, Antenna 4 and Antenna 5, Antenna 1 may be a low frequency antenna, for example, the low frequency antenna may be a 2G antenna or a 3G antenna, Antenna 2, Antenna 3, Antenna 4 and Antenna 5 may be It is a high-frequency antenna, for example, the high-frequency antenna can be a 5G antenna or a 6G antenna.
  • the antennas may have other configurations, for example, the number of low-frequency antennas may be two or more, and the number of high-frequency antennas may also be one or two or more.
  • the terminal device may include a smart phone, a smart home (eg, an air conditioner, an electric fan, a washing machine, a refrigerator, etc.), a smart TV, and a smart security (eg, a camera).
  • Smartphones can be used in the low frequency range or in the high frequency range.
  • smartphones can support both 2G and 5G frequency signals. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 , both the antenna 1 and the antenna 2 provide signals for the smartphone.
  • Antenna 3 provides signals for smart homes.
  • the antenna 4 provides signals for the smart TV, and the user can also remotely control the smart TV through the terminal device.
  • the smart TV can have the function of an Internet TV or a video conference function.
  • Antenna 5 provides signals for intelligent security, and the intelligent vision security system can include functions such as fire prevention, anti-theft, anti-leakage and remote monitoring. Users can use mobile phones and the Internet to remotely view and set up the home security system, and at the same time, they can also remotely monitor the internal situation of the home. If an abnormal situation is detected, the security system can notify users by calling, texting, and emailing.
  • the present application can integrate antennas with different operating frequencies together, and can realize omnidirectional radiation of low-frequency antennas and directional gain of high-frequency antennas at the same time.
  • Antenna 1 and Antenna 4 are integrated together.
  • Antenna 1 provides signals for the low-frequency operating frequency of smartphones. Smartphones may appear anywhere in the home.
  • Antenna 1 needs omnidirectional radiation, and Antenna 4 needs to provide signals for smart TVs.
  • Signal usually the smart TV will be fixed at a certain position in the home, and the antenna 4 needs to be positioned and radiated to ensure the signal strength.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario of the electronic device 100 (which is a home gateway) provided by the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 which is a home gateway
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario of the electronic device 100 (which is a home gateway) provided by the present application.
  • the home gateway 100 includes different antennas, which can not only achieve horizontal omnidirectional radiation between them, but also can radiate to different rooms on the same floor to meet the WIFI signal requirements of different rooms on the same floor. Vertical radiation through the building to meet the WIFI signal requirements of different floors.
  • the ellipse marked A in Figure 2 represents the antenna's ability to radiate horizontally polarized omnidirectionally
  • the ellipse marked B in Figure 2 represents the ability of the antenna to have horizontally polarized directional radiation
  • the ellipse marked C in Figure 2 It means that the antenna has vertical polarization radiation ability, and can realize the ability to radiate signals vertically through the building.
  • the antenna provided by this application can integrate two antennas, realize omnidirectional radiation and directional gain in the same polarization direction, and can also realize the integration of multiple antennas, which can ensure the omnidirectional radiation and directional gain in the same polarization direction.
  • Directional gain in turn, can achieve radiation in another polarization direction, such as vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation and directional gain, and horizontally polarized radiation.
  • FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , and FIG. 5 are schematic diagrams of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 may be a home gateway, or may be other electronic devices, such as a wireless AP, a home hotspot, a CPE (Customer Premise Equipment, customer terminal equipment), and the like.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a casing 1001 .
  • a top cover 1002 is provided on the top of the barrel-shaped casing 1001, the top cover 1002 is made of non-shielding material, such as plastic, the inside of the top cover 1002 is an antenna, the top cover 1002 is provided with a plurality of through holes 1003, and the through holes 1003
  • the setting of 100 is beneficial to the signal radiation of the antenna in the electronic device 100 and the ventilation and heat dissipation inside the electronic device 100 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of removing the casing 1001 from the electronic device 100 provided by the present application on the basis of FIG. 3 .
  • the electronic device 100 is provided with a single board 1004.
  • the antenna 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application is disposed on one side of the single board 1004.
  • the single board 1004 may be provided with a radio frequency circuit 10041, and the radio frequency circuit 10041 is electrically connected to the feeder of the antenna 1000. , the radio frequency circuit 10041 transmits and receives signals through the antenna 1000 .
  • the single board 1004 and the antenna 1000 are arranged inside the casing 1001 .
  • the veneer 1004 is set as a vertical type, a base 1005 for fixing the veneer 1004 is arranged in the casing 1004, the veneer 1004 is connected to the base 1005, and the base 1005 can also be provided for
  • the structure 1006 that provides heat conduction and heat dissipation for the single board 1004 such as metal heat sinks, vapor chambers, heat pipes and other heat conduction structures, can also be used in combination with different types of heat conduction structures.
  • the electronic device 100 is provided with two single boards 1004 , the base 1005 is located at the bottom of the electronic device 100 , the heat conduction and heat dissipation structure 1006 is erected on the base 1005 , and the two single boards 1004 are respectively located in the heat conduction and heat dissipation structure 1006 On the opposite sides, the heat conduction and heat dissipation structure 1006 is sandwiched between the two veneers 1004. In this way, the heat conduction and heat dissipation structure 1006 can dissipate heat for the two veneers 1004 at the same time, and it is more beneficial to ensure that the veneer is close to the casing 1001. Heat dissipation of the single board 1004 .
  • the antenna 1000 may be arranged on the top of the single board 1004 .
  • the antenna 1000 can be installed on the bracket 1007 to form the antenna module R, and then the antenna module R can be assembled inside the casing 1001 , and other antennas or electronic devices can also be arranged on the bracket 1007 device.
  • the bracket 1007 is provided with a ventilation channel 10071, and the ventilation channel 10071 communicates with the through hole 1003 on the top cover 1002, so as to realize the function of ventilation and heat dissipation.
  • the antenna module R is located on the top of the single board 1004 and the structure 1006 for heat conduction and heat dissipation, that is, close to the top area of the casing 1004, and inside the top cover 1002.
  • the ventilation channel 10071 and the through hole 1003 are used for the heat conduction and heat dissipation structure 1006 and the electronic equipment. 100 Ventilation between the outside to improve heat dissipation.
  • the dielectric plate on which the antenna 1000 (with a gradient line antenna structure) is located is placed close to the horizontal, and the antenna is horizontally polarized.
  • the electronic device 100 can be The vertical type is changed to the horizontal type, and the opening of the gradient groove of the gradient wire antenna of the antenna is set as: the upward setting in the vertical direction.
  • the antenna 1000 may also be arranged at other locations within the electronic setup. As shown in FIG. 5 , the built-up bracket in the electronic device, that is, the part located between the two boards 1004, the antenna 1000 is arranged on this bracket, and the opening of the gradient slot of the antenna is arranged as follows: the vertical direction is upward. .
  • the housing 1001 may be made of plastic as a whole, or part of the housing 1001 may be made of metal, and part of the housing 1001 may be made of plastic (or non-shielding material). It has the advantage of good thermal conductivity.
  • the plastic (or non-shielding material) part of the casing 1001 is a part of the casing disposed on the periphery of the antenna 1000 , and the plastic material will not interfere and shield the antenna 1000 , which is beneficial to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna 1000 .
  • the tapered slot antenna (TSA) and the folded vibrator are integrated into one antenna, and the tapered slot antenna and the folded vibrator share a feed, which can also be understood as feeding the tapered slot antenna through the folded vibrator, which improves the antenna
  • the scope of application enables the antenna to realize the omnidirectional radiation of the folded vibrator and the directional radiation of the gradient slot antenna.
  • the antenna provided by this application can better match the requirements of ONT (Optical network terminal, optical network terminal) for WiFi antenna design (for example: more antennas can be arranged in a limited space to cover more areas), catering to Strategies for home network WiFi antenna design (ie: high-performance WiFi coverage at different frequencies).
  • the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator in the present application are identically polarized, for example: both can be vertically polarized (by changing the placement angle, the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator are both horizontally polarized. ).
  • the gradient slot antenna may be a directional antenna of a first frequency
  • the folded vibrator may be an omnidirectional antenna of a second frequency, and the first frequency is lower than the second frequency.
  • the range of the working frequency of the equivalent oscillator is: 6G-7.125G; the range of the working frequency of the gradient slot antenna is: 5.1G-5.9G.
  • the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator in the antenna provided in this embodiment have different working frequency ranges and radiate different signals, which improves the application range of the antenna and highlights its miniaturization advantage.
  • the antenna provided in the present application is disposed on the dielectric board 10 , and the dielectric board 10 may also be regarded as a part of the antenna, that is, it can be understood that the antenna includes the dielectric board 10 .
  • the dielectric board 10 can be any insulating substrate such as a ceramic substrate, PCB, etc.
  • the dielectric board 10 can be a single-material board, or a composite board, for example, formed by laminating two boards of different materials.
  • the dielectric board 10 can be a single-layer board structure, or a two-layer board or a multi-layer board structure.
  • the advantages of the antenna provided by the present application as a microstrip antenna structure formed on a dielectric board are: thin profile, light weight, conformal shape with a carrier (referred to as a dielectric board), and easy integration with active devices (such as radio frequency circuits, Filter circuit, signal amplifier circuit, etc.) integrated characteristics.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of antennas distributed on one surface of the dielectric board 10 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are schematic side views of the dielectric board in two directions, respectively.
  • the antenna includes a gradient slot antenna 20 , a folded vibrator 30 and a feeding structure 40 .
  • the opposite ends of the gradient slot antenna are the radiation end and the feed end respectively.
  • the radiation direction of the gradient slot antenna 20 is rightward, the right end is the radiation end, and correspondingly, the left end is the feed end.
  • the folded vibrator 30 is connected to the feed end of the tapered slot antenna 20 and can be used as a resonance slot of the tapered slot antenna 20 .
  • the feeding structure 40 feeds the folded vibrator 30 and excites the gradient slot antenna 20 at the same time.
  • the present application by integrating the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20, sharing one feed, and performing the function of a dual antenna, the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized, and not only the radiation performance of the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20 can be respectively realized , the two antennas also have complementary functions.
  • the present application is provided with a folded oscillator 30 at the feed end of the gradient slot antenna 20.
  • the folded oscillator 30 can not only perform its own radiation function, but also constitute the gradient slot antenna 20.
  • the resonant slot has a tuning effect on the radiation performance of the tapered slot antenna 20.
  • the present application expands the function of the folded vibrator 30 so that it has dual functions (that is, performing its own radiation and becoming the resonant structure of the tapered slot antenna. Two functions).
  • the basic structure of the tapered slot antenna 20 is as follows: the tapered slot antenna 20 includes a first metal structure 21 and a second metal structure 22, a tapered slot 24 is formed between the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22, and the The extending direction of the gradient slot 24 is the first direction A1, the two ends of the gradient slot 24 are the narrow slit end 241 and the wide mouth end 242 respectively, and the folding vibrator 30 is connected to the narrow slit end 241 and located at the narrow slit end 241 away from the wide mouth side of end 242.
  • the gradient grooves 24 may be of an axis-symmetric structure, that is, the gradient grooves 24 are symmetrically distributed around a central axis C1, and the first metal structures 21 and the second metal structures 22 may also be symmetrically distributed on the central axis C1. On both sides, the extending direction of this symmetry axis C1 is the first direction A1.
  • the gradual change groove 24 can also be an asymmetric structure, for example, the shape or size of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are different.
  • the direction in which the center position of the end 242 extends is the first direction A1.
  • the dielectric plate 10 is substantially rectangular, and the direction of the long sides of the dielectric plate 10 is the first direction A1.
  • first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 can have many different forms, for example: FIG. 6 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 schematically depict several different first metal structures Embodiments of structure 21 and second metal structure 22 .
  • the first metal structure 21 includes a first microstrip line 211 and a first tooth group 212 , and the first microstrip line 211 includes a first edge 2111 facing the gradient groove 24 and a first edge 2111 facing away from the gradient groove 24 .
  • the first microstrip line 211 may be in the shape of an arc line, or the first microstrip line 211 is composed of a straight line and an arc line, and the line width of the first microstrip line 211 is the first edge 2111 and the second edge 2112
  • the line width of the first microstrip line 211 may be set as follows: the line width at each position from the slit end 241 to the wide end 242 is the same; or, from the slit end 241 to the wide port end 242, the line width shows a gradual change trend; or, from the narrow slit end 241 to the wide port end 242, the line widths of some of the first microstrip lines are the same, and the line widths of some of the first microstrip lines are the same.
  • the first tooth group 212 is connected to the second edge 2112 and extends from the second edge 2112 to a direction away from the first edge 2111 , and the extending direction of the first tooth group 212 is the second direction,
  • the second direction may be perpendicular to the first direction, or may form an included angle of less than 90 degrees compared with the second direction.
  • the extension direction of the first tooth group 212 shown in FIG. 6 is a state perpendicular to the first direction A1, It can be understood that, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the first tooth group 212 may be inclined to a certain angle to the left or right.
  • the number of the first tooth groups 212 is two, and the two first tooth groups 212 are respectively close to the slit end 241 and the wide end 242 . In other embodiments, the number of the first tooth group 212 may also be one, three or more. Each first tooth group 212 includes two first comb teeth 2121. It can be understood that the number of the first comb teeth in each first tooth group 212 may also be one, three or more. This application does not Do limit. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the extending directions of the two first tooth groups 212 are the same, both of which are the second direction A2, and are perpendicular to the first direction A1. From the perspective of manufacturing work, this structure is easy to manufacture.
  • the advantages of the antenna from the perspective of antenna tuning, bandwidth configuration and pattern control, have the advantage of easily adjusting the physical parameters of the antenna.
  • the extending directions of different first tooth groups 212 may be different, for example, one of the first tooth groups 212 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 may be inclined to the left or right by a certain angle.
  • each of the first comb teeth 2121 is in a linear shape. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, each of the first comb teeth 2121 may also be in a curved shape, such as a C shape, an S shape, or the like.
  • the first metal structure 21 of the tapered slot antenna 20 in the antenna provided by the present application is different from the large-area metal structure of the traditional tapered slot antenna.
  • the first microstrip line 211 and the first tooth group 212 are combined with each other. It is understood that part of the material is removed from the traditional large-area metal structure to form a hollow structure, that is, a discrete sparse-tooth hollow structure is formed, which can not only ensure the radiation performance of the gradient slot antenna 20, but also help to improve the antenna body (referring to the gradient slot).
  • the electromagnetic wave penetrability of the antenna makes the radiation performance of the folded vibrator 30 also guaranteed.
  • the electrical length of the first tooth group 212 is a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency of the graded slot antenna 20 .
  • the electrical length of the first tooth group 212 can be understood as: in the second direction A2, the distance from the end of the first tooth group 212 away from the second edge 2112 to the position of the central axis C1 of the gradual groove 24,
  • the second direction A2 is perpendicular to the central axis C1 of the gradual groove 24 .
  • the configuration of the electrical length of the first tooth group 212 of a quarter wavelength enables the first tooth group 212 to form a monopole antenna structure to radiate the excess energy of the tapered slot antenna 20, which can improve the radiation performance of the tapered slot antenna .
  • the gradient slot antenna 20 mainly radiates electromagnetic waves through the position of the edge of the gradient slot 24.
  • the present application designs the first gear to be the electrical length of a quarter wavelength of the working frequency of the tapered slot antenna, so that the first gear group can radiate this part of the current, which enhances the signal radiation capability of the tapered slot antenna. .
  • the structure of the second metal structure 22 is the same as that of the first metal structure 21 .
  • the second metal structure 22 includes a second microstrip line 221 and a second tooth group 222 .
  • the second microstrip line 221 includes a third edge 2211 facing the gradient groove 24 and a third edge 2211 facing away from the gradient groove 24 .
  • the fourth edge 2212, the second tooth group 222 is connected to the fourth edge 2212, and extends from the fourth edge 2212 in a direction away from the third edge 2211, the electrical power of the second tooth group 222 is
  • the length is a quarter wavelength of the working frequency of the tapered slot antenna 20; the electrical length of the second tooth group 222 can be understood as: in the second direction, the end of the second tooth group 222 away from the fourth edge 2212 to the tapered
  • the distance between the positions of the central axis C1 of the groove 24 and the second direction A2 are perpendicular to the central axis C1 of the gradual groove 24 .
  • Each second tooth group 222 includes second comb teeth 2221 , and the number of the second comb teeth 2221 in each second tooth group 222 may be one, two or more.
  • the specific structure of the second tooth group 222 may be the same as the specific structure of the first tooth group 221 , and the specific details refer to the foregoing description of the first tooth group 221 , which will not be repeated.
  • the antenna provided by the present application generally has a symmetrical distribution structure, and the center of symmetry can be regarded as the central axis C1 of the tapered slot 24, that is, the tapered slot antenna 20 can be a symmetrical distribution structure with the central axis C1 as the center.
  • part of its feeding structure is an asymmetrical structure.
  • the first tooth group 221 and the second tooth group 222 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the gradual change groove 24 .
  • the symmetrical distribution of the first tooth group 221 and the second tooth group 222 is beneficial to optimize the performance of the antenna.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows two first tooth groups and two second tooth groups near the slit end and the wide mouth end, respectively. It is understood that at least one electrical tooth group may be arranged between the two first tooth groups. For the first tooth groups with different lengths, similarly, at least one second tooth group with different electrical lengths can also be provided between the two second tooth groups.
  • the penetrating effect of electromagnetic wave signals is achieved through the discrete sparse tooth hollow architecture with gradual changes in size, and the stability of electromagnetic wave transmission is provided.
  • the tapered slot antenna can be excited to work within a high frequency bandwidth, the high frequency bandwidth includes the highest operating frequency and the lowest operating frequency, wherein the electrical length of the first tooth group adjacent to the slit end is the tapered A quarter wavelength of the highest operating frequency of the slot antenna, and an electrical length of the first tooth group adjacent to the wide-mouth end is a quarter wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the graded slot antenna.
  • the first tooth group with a quarter-wavelength electrical length has a monopole-like radiation characteristic, which can improve the gain of the graded slot antenna.
  • the present embodiment can satisfy the gain of the tapered slot antenna at different operating frequencies by setting the first tooth group and the second tooth group with different sizes.
  • the first tooth group 212 includes a first comb tooth 2121A located at the position of the wide mouth end 242
  • the second tooth group 222 includes a second comb tooth located at the position of the wide mouth end 242
  • Comb teeth 2221A, the distance D1 between the end of the first comb tooth 2121A facing away from the first microstrip line 211 and the end of the second comb tooth 2221A facing away from the second microstrip line 221 is 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequency of the graded slot antenna 20.
  • the size of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line at the wide port end is less than half the wavelength. As shown in FIG.
  • the end of the first microstrip line is Corresponding to the position of the tooth root of the first comb tooth 2121A, the end of the second microstrip line corresponding to the position of the tooth root of the second comb tooth 2221A, the end 211A of the first microstrip line 211 and the second microstrip line
  • the distance between the ends 221A of the strip line 221 is less than one-half wavelength of the working frequency of the tapered slot antenna 20, so the function of the tapered slot antenna 20 cannot be realized, but the first comb teeth 2121A and the second comb teeth 2221A and the first
  • the combination of the microstrip line 211 and the second microstrip line 221 constitutes the basic structure of the tapered slot antenna 20, that is, the end of the first comb tooth 2121A facing away from the first microstrip line 211 and the first The design that the distance between the ends of the two comb teeth 2221A facing away from the second microstrip line 221 is one-half wavelength of the operating frequency of the tapered
  • the first comb teeth 2121A located at the wide mouth end 242 and the second comb teeth 2221A located at the wide mouth end 242 constitute the main radiating part of the tapered slot antenna 20 on the one hand, and serve as a tooth-like structure on the other hand.
  • the gain of the gradient slot antenna 20 can be improved.
  • the end 211A of the first microstrip line 211 is located on the side of the first comb tooth 2121A away from the folding oscillator 30 , which can be understood as: the tooth root of the first comb tooth 2121A is connected to the first The position of the microstrip line 211 is spaced apart from the end portion 211A by a certain distance.
  • the end 221A of the second microstrip line 221 is located on the side of the second comb tooth 2221A away from the folded vibrator 30 , and the tooth root of the second comb tooth 2221A is correspondingly connected between the position of the second microstrip line 221 and the end 221A. a certain distance between them.
  • the end 211A of the first microstrip line 211 protrudes and extends from the first comb tooth 2121A, and the end 221A of the second microstrip line 221 protrudes from the second comb gear 2221A, so that adjustment can be achieved.
  • the current distribution at the open end improves the radiation efficiency of the gradient slot antenna.
  • FIG. 9 schematically depicts an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the specific structures of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are different from the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the positions of the end portion 211A of the strip line 211 and the end portion 221A of the second microstrip line 221 are different.
  • the end 211A of the first microstrip line 211 is connected to the position of the root of the first comb tooth 2121A, and the end 211A of the first microstrip line 211 is at the tooth of the first comb tooth 2121A At the root position, a smooth overly connected connection is formed.
  • the end portion 221A of the second microstrip line 221 is connected to the position of the tooth root of the second comb tooth 2221A, and the end portion 221A of the second microstrip line 221 is over-rounded at the position of the tooth root of the second comb tooth 2221A.
  • the first comb teeth 2121A are formed extending along the second direction at the position of the end portion 211A of the first microstrip line 211
  • the first comb teeth 2121A are formed extending along the second direction at the position of the end portion 221A of the second microstrip line 221 .
  • Two comb teeth 2221A, the extension directions of the first comb teeth 2121A and the second comb teeth 2221A are opposite and collinear, forming a symmetrically distributed structure.
  • FIG. 10 schematically illustrates an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the specific structures of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are different from the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the number of sets 212 and the second set of teeth 222 are different.
  • the first metal structure 21 includes a first tooth group 212
  • the first tooth group 212 is disposed near the wide end 242
  • the second metal structure 22 includes a second tooth group 222
  • the second tooth group 222 is disposed close to the wide mouth end 242 .
  • FIG. 11 schematically illustrates an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the specific structures of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the first metal structure 21 only includes the first microstrip line 211 and does not include the first tooth group
  • the second metal structure 22 only includes the second microstrip line 221 and does not include the second tooth group.
  • the structures of the first microstrip line 211 and the second microstrip line 221 are different from those of the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the distance D1 between the end of the first microstrip line 211 and the end of the second microstrip line 221 is one-half wavelength of the operating frequency of the graded slot antenna 20 .
  • the first metal structure and the second metal structure of the gradient slot antenna can be composed of a single microstrip line, and the comb structure is not provided, and the radiation performance of the gradient slot antenna can also be guaranteed, and The radiation performance of the equivalent oscillator.
  • FIG. 12 schematically illustrates an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the specific structures of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 are not microstrip line structures, but larger area metal patch structures.
  • the first metal structure 21 includes an inner edge 213 and an outer edge 214 arranged oppositely
  • the second metal structure 22 includes an inner edge 223 and an outer edge 224 arranged oppositely
  • the inner edge 213 of the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 A gradual groove 24 is formed between the inner edges 223 .
  • the first metal structure 21 includes a first end 215 connected to the folded vibrator 30 and a second end 216 away from the folded vibrator 30
  • the second metal structure 22 includes a first end 225 connected to the folded vibrator 30 and a second end away from the folded vibrator 30
  • the dimension extending in the second direction of the first end 215 of the first metal structure 21 is smaller than the dimension extending in the second direction of the second end 216
  • the second dimension of the first end 225 of the second metal structure 22 The dimension of the directional extension is also smaller than the dimension of the second directional extension of the second end 226 thereof.
  • the slit end 241 of the gradient groove 24 is formed between the first end 215 of the first metal structure 21 and the first end 225 of the second metal structure 22 , the second end 216 of the first metal structure 21 and the The wide end 242 of the gradient groove 24 is formed between the second ends 226 .
  • a first separation space R1 is formed between the first metal structure 21 and the folded vibrator 30, a second separation space R2 is formed between the second metal structure 22 and the folded vibrator 30, and the first separation space R1 and the second separation space R2 are provided with It is beneficial to ensure the structural form and radiation performance of the folded vibrator 30, and at the same time, it can be used as a hollow area between the gradient slot antenna and the folded vibrator 30, which can ensure that the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the folded vibrator 30 can pass through the gradient slot antenna 20 to form omnidirectional radiation.
  • the folded vibrator 30 in the antenna has the same structure.
  • the structure of the folded vibrator 30 is described in detail by taking the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 as an example. .
  • the extension direction of the folded vibrator 30 is the second direction A2, and the second direction A2 intersects the first direction A1 (the two may be orthogonal or form an included angle less than 90 degrees).
  • the extension direction of the folded vibrator 30 is the second direction. It can be understood that the extension direction of the main radiation part of the folded vibrator is in the second direction.
  • the extension direction is the second direction, and the two can be regarded as parallel or nearly parallel.
  • the main vibrator and the parasitic vibrator in the folded vibrator can also be set to be bent at both ends, and a serpentine line is set between them. The size can be reduced.
  • the bending part is not in the second direction, the extension direction of the folded vibrator as a whole can be regarded as the second direction.
  • the folded vibrator 30 includes a main vibrator 31 and a parasitic vibrator 32 arranged opposite to each other, the area between the main vibrator 31 and the parasitic vibrator 32 constitutes the inner space of the folded vibrator 30, and the main vibrator 31 is located in the between the parasitic oscillator 32 and the slit end 241 .
  • the main vibrator 31 includes a first main body 311 and a first bending section 312 and a second bending section 313 respectively located at both ends of the first main body 311 , and the first main body 311 includes a first branch 3111 and a second bending section 311 .
  • the branch nodes 3112, the first branch nodes 3111 and the second branch nodes 3112 are arranged at intervals in the second direction and a gap is formed therebetween.
  • the parasitic vibrator 32 includes a second body 321 and a third bending segment 322 and a fourth bending segment 323 respectively located at two ends of the second body 321 .
  • the folding vibrator 30 further includes a first serpentine line 33 connected between the first bending section 312 and the third bending section 322 and a first serpentine line 33 connected between the second bending section 313 and the third bending section 322 .
  • the second meandering line 34 between the four bending sections 323, the first meandering line 33 and the second meandering line 34 are disposed opposite to each other. In this embodiment, by bending both ends of the main vibrator 31 and the parasitic vibrator 32 , the folded vibrator 30 can be miniaturized.
  • the structure of the folded section 313 can reduce the size of the main vibrator 31 in the second direction A2.
  • the third folded section 322 and the fourth folded section 323 located at both ends of the second main body 321 can reduce the size of the parasitic oscillator 32.
  • the first meandering line 33 and the second meandering line 34 are used to form non-radiative inductive loading, so as to reduce the size of the folded oscillator 30 .
  • a first space 35 is formed between the first bending section 312 and the third bending section 322, and a second space 36 is formed between the second bending section 313 and the fourth bending section 323,
  • the first meander line 33 and the second meander line 34 are located between the first space 35 and the second space 36 . That is, the vertical projections of the first meandering line 33 and the second meandering line 34 on the first body 311 are located inside the first body 311 .
  • the first serpentine line 33 and the second serpentine line 34 form a concave structure, which is beneficial to the design of the small size of the folded vibrator 30 .
  • the first serpentine line 33 and/or the second serpentine line 34 can also form a convex structure, specifically: the first serpentine line 33 and the first main body 211 are respectively located on both sides of the first bending section 312 (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 , the first serpentine line 33 and the first main body 211 are located on the same side of the first bending section 312 ) .
  • the first branch 3111 is electrically connected to the first metal structure 21
  • the second branch 3112 is electrically connected to the second metal structure 22 , so that the inner space of the folding vibrator 30 is formed
  • the resonant slot of the tapered slot antenna 20 In the first direction A1, the gap 37 between the first branch 3111 and the second branch 3112 is facing the slit end 241 of the gradual groove 24, which can be understood as the middle position of the gap 37 and the middle position of the slit end 241
  • the extension direction of the connecting line is the first direction A1.
  • their dimension in the second direction A2 is the width, and the width of the gap 37 may be greater than the width of the slit end 241.
  • the connecting line between the inner wall of the gap 37 and the inner wall of the slit end 241 is in a smooth transition state, and can open and extend in a trumpet shape, such that from the slit end 241 to the gap 37, and then to the folding
  • the size of the inner space of the vibrator 30 changes gradually, and such a design is conducive to feeding and tuning the gradient slot antenna 20 by folding the vibrator 30 as a resonant slot.
  • the first branch 3111 includes a first connecting portion 38
  • the first connecting portion 38 is connected to the first metal structure 21
  • the second branch 3112 includes a second connecting portion 39.
  • the second connecting portion 39 is connected to the second metal structure 22. Both the first connecting portion 38 and the second connecting portion 39 are adjacent to the slit end 241. In the first direction A1, the first The extending dimension of the connecting portion 38 is larger than the extending dimension of the second connecting portion 39 .
  • the first branch 3111 and the first metal structure 21 together form a first spacer region R1 having a first opening, and the first opening is located at the first spacer region R1 away from the gradient groove 24 one end;
  • the second branch 3112 and the second metal structure 22 together form a second spacer region R2 with a second opening, the second opening is located at the part of the second spacer region R2 away from the gradient groove 24
  • the size of the first spacer R1 is smaller than that of the second spacer R2.
  • a part of the area of the first branch 3111 is widened, and this wider area is reserved for the configuration of the feeding structure, that is, through the size design of the first connection part 38, the first connection A feeding structure is mounted on the portion 38 .
  • the first connecting portion 38 is provided with a through hole 381
  • the feeding structure 40 includes an inner conductor 41 and an outer conductor 42 .
  • the structure 40 passes through the through hole 381 (specifically, the outer conductor 42 passes through the through hole 381 ), and the outer conductor 42 passes through the through hole 381 and is electrically connected to the first branch 3111 (specifically, electrically connected to the A connecting portion 38 ), the inner conductor 41 is electrically connected to the second branch 3112 across the gap 37 .
  • the power feeding structure 40 may be a power feeding cable, and the power feeding method provided by the present application is simple and easy to implement. The present application does not require the feeding of the microstrip line.
  • the microstrip line will have some influence on the radiation size of the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20, and will occupy the area of the carrier board.
  • the connection mode is used to feed power, and the radiation performance of the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20 will not be affected.
  • the outer conductor 42 of the feeding structure 40 is used for grounding, and the inner conductor 41 is used for signal transmission.
  • the first metal structure 21 is the ground of the antenna of the application, and the second metal structure 22 and the first metal structure The potential of 21 is different, and the second metal structure 22 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 42 .
  • the first branch 3111 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 42 of the feeding structure 40, the first branch 3111 is grounded, and the second branch 3112 is electrically connected to the inner conductor 41. Therefore, the antenna provided by the present application has a In the reduced oscillator 30, the potentials of the second branch 3112 and the first branch 3111 are different.
  • the main vibrator 31 and the parasitic vibrator 32 can also be set in a straight bar shape, that is, their two ends are not bent, so that the first direction A1 can be saved.
  • the first meandering line 33 and the second meandering line 34 in the folded oscillator 30 can also be replaced by linear transmission lines, as shown in FIG. 13 , the folded oscillator 30 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13
  • the shape is simpler, with a rectangular structure as a whole, which is connected by straight microstrip lines.
  • the present application is electrically connected between the first branch 3111 and the second branch 3112 through the feeding structure 40, and feeds the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20 at the same time to excite the gradient slot
  • the antenna 30 is a directional antenna, and the folded vibrator 30 is excited to be an omnidirectional antenna.
  • the working frequency of the gradient slot antenna 20 is lower than the working frequency of the folded vibrator 30 .
  • the range of the working frequency of the reduced vibrator 30 is: 6G-7.125G; the range of the working frequency of the gradient slot antenna 20 is: 5.1G-5.9G.
  • the gradient slot antenna 20 and the folded vibrator 30 in the antenna provided in this embodiment have different working frequency ranges and radiate different signals, which improves the application range of the antenna and highlights the advantage of miniaturization.
  • the maximum size of the folded vibrator 30 is less than or equal to the maximum size of the gradient slot antenna 20 .
  • the maximum size of the antenna in the second direction A2 is defined as the extension size of the folded vibrator 30 in the second direction A2, and the gradient slot antenna 20 is set within the size range limited by the folded vibrator 30 in the second direction A2. It is beneficial to realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the antenna further includes a parasitic unit 50, and the parasitic unit 50 is located on the side of the tapered slot antenna 20 away from the folded vibrator 30, and is used to lift the tapered slot The gain of the antenna 20.
  • the parasitic unit 50 is a dipole antenna, and the extension direction of the parasitic unit 50 is the second direction A2.
  • the parasitic unit 50 extends linearly in the second direction A2, and the second direction A2 is perpendicular to the first direction A1.
  • the parasitic unit 50 has a symmetrical structure with the center axis C1 of the tapered slot 24 as the center, and the electrical length of the parasitic unit 50 is smaller than the electrical length of the wide end 242, which can be understood as: the parasitic unit 50 is perpendicular to the opening end 242 of the tapered slot antenna 20
  • the projection is within the range of the open end 242 , that is, the vertical distance from both ends of the parasitic unit 50 to the central axis C1 of the gradual groove 24 is smaller than the vertical distance between the two ends of the open end 242 and the central axis C1 of the gradual groove 24 .
  • the gradient slot antenna 20 can be excited to work in a high frequency bandwidth, the high frequency bandwidth includes a high frequency band and a low frequency band, and the parasitic unit 50 is used to radiate electromagnetic waves of the gradient slot antenna 20 in the low frequency band. Enhancement is performed, and the parasitic unit 50 is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the gradient slot antenna 20 in the high frequency band.
  • the high-frequency bandwidth includes the highest operating frequency and the lowest operating frequency
  • the electrical length of the parasitic element 50 is less than or equal to one half of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the gradient slot antenna 20 at the lowest operating frequency
  • the number of the parasitic units 50 is at least two (the embodiment shown in FIG. 15 includes three parasitic units 50 ), and at least two parasitic units 50 are located along the The first directions A1 are arranged at intervals in sequence, and the distance D2 between the parasitic unit 50 closest to the wide-mouth end 242 and the wide-mouth end 242 is on the effective frequency band of the parasitic unit 50 on the gradient slot antenna 20 .
  • the distance between the adjacent parasitic units 50 may also be D2, that is, the distance between the adjacent parasitic units 50 may also be the distance between the parasitic units 50 It is a quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the effective working frequency band of the gradient slot antenna 20 .
  • a parasitic unit 50 is added, and the parasitic unit 50 is The setting of the electrical length, that is, its length is slightly less than the half wavelength corresponding to a specific frequency, so as to achieve the enhancement effect of electromagnetic waves.
  • the present application is mainly designed according to the low frequency enhancement gain, so the length and spacing of the parasitic elements 50 are both referred to the operating wavelength corresponding to the gradient slot antenna in the low frequency range. It can be understood that, under the condition of keeping the same pitch progression, when the number of parasitic units 50 is set to be more than one, the guiding effect can be enhanced.
  • the parasitic element 50 acts as a reflection parasitic element due to the excessive electrical length of the parasitic element 50, so that the single beam radiation becomes a multi-beam feature in the opposite direction, and finally the entire gradient slot antenna 20 has two sub-elements of high and low frequency in a wide frequency band. Different radiation effects appear on the frequency band, which well matches the current differentiated application requirements of WIFI frequency bands for different frequency spectrums.
  • the antenna provided by the present application can be arranged on one surface of the dielectric board 10 .
  • the gradient slot antenna, the folded vibrator and the parasitic unit are all located on the dielectric board 10 on the same side.
  • the gradient slot antenna 20 and the folded vibrator 30 are arranged on the front of the dielectric board 10, the feeding structure 40 passes through the dielectric board 10 from the back side of the dielectric board 10, and the outer conductor 42 thereof is electrically connected to the first branch 3111, for example Electrically connected by welding, the inner conductor 41 is electrically connected with the second branch 3112 , specifically, the first branch 3111 and the first metal structure 21 are interconnected to form the floor of the antenna, and the outer conductor 42 of the feeding structure 40 Grounding is achieved by electrical connection to the first branch 3111 .
  • the second branch 3112 and the second metal structure 22 are interconnected as a whole, the inner conductor 41 is electrically connected to the second branch 3112, and the connection between the first branch 3111 and the second branch 3112 forms a feeding coplanar waveguide structure. Structure 40 feeds this feeding coplanar waveguide structure.
  • the antennas may be distributed on different surfaces of the dielectric board 10 .
  • An example is as follows: Taking the antennas distributed on two surfaces of the dielectric board 10 as an example, referring to FIGS. 16-17 , 18-19 and 20-21 , the dielectric board 10 includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S1 and a second surface that are arranged in layers. Two-sided S2.
  • the second metal structure 22 , the second branch 3112 , the second meander line 34 , part of the parasitic oscillator 32 and the parasitic unit 50 are located on the first surface S1 , the first metal structure 21 , the first The branch node 3111, the first meandering line 33 and part of the parasitic oscillator 32 are located on the second surface S2, and the parasitic oscillator 32 located on the first surface S1 and the parasitic oscillator 32 located on the second surface S2 pass through the dielectric plate 10. metal vias for electrical connection.
  • the parasitic oscillator 32 is located on the first surface S1
  • the main oscillator 31 (including the first branch 3111 and the second branch 3112 )
  • the first metal structure 21 and the second metal structure 22 and the parasitic unit 50 is located on the second surface S2
  • the parasitic oscillator 32 and the main oscillator 31 are electrically connected through metal vias on the dielectric plate 10 .
  • the folded vibrator 30 and the gradient slot antenna 20 are located on the first surface S1, and the parasitic element 50 is located on the second surface S2.
  • the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 No electrical connection is required.
  • the present application may also include the following specific implementation manners: for example, the gradient slot antenna is located on the first surface, and the folded vibrator is located on the second surface. It can be understood that the graded slot antenna and the folded element can also be distributed on three or more layers. If an electrical connection is required between the non-coplanar folded vibrator and the gradient slot antenna, the electrical connection can be achieved through metal vias between the dielectric substrates.
  • the gradient slot antenna provided in this application is a directional antenna with broadband and high gain characteristics, which enhances the antenna radiation capability in high frequency bands.
  • the gradient slot antenna can cover the 5G frequency band, or can be cascaded backhaul in the Sub7G frequency band (cascaded backhaul).
  • Backhaul mainly refers to the use of networking between devices, and the data or video traffic from one device to another device is wirelessly transmitted to the next-level gateway).
  • FIG. 22 is an S-parameter curve diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. From this figure, it can be seen that the effective bandwidth range of the antenna provided by the present application is: 5.3G-7G.
  • FIG. 23 schematically shows the radiation patterns of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application under four different operating frequencies (5.5G, 5.9G, 6.5G, and 7G, respectively), in which solid lines and dashed lines are used.
  • the radiation patterns of different polarizations are expressed respectively.
  • the pattern corresponding to the solid line represents the E-plane pattern
  • the pattern corresponding to the dotted line represents the H-plane pattern.
  • the E-plane is the plane where the electric field vector direction and the maximum propagation direction are located
  • the H-plane is The plane where the magnetic field vector direction and the maximum propagation direction are located, for example: the E plane is the XOZ plane, and the H plane is the YOZ plane.
  • the radiation patterns in the two frequency states of 5.5G and 5.9G represent the radiation patterns of the gradient slot antenna. From the radiation patterns, it can be seen that the directional gain effect of the antenna is better in the working states of these two frequencies.
  • the radiation patterns of the two frequencies of 6.5G and 7G represent the radiation patterns under the combined action of the refracted oscillator, the gradient slot antenna, and the parasitic unit with the effect of reflecting electromagnetic waves. It can be seen from the radiation pattern that these two frequencies In the working state, it can achieve wide-angle multi-beam characteristics, and the direction of radiation on the low frequency band is opposite, and it can achieve seamless upward and downward cascading. pass.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种天线、天线模组和电子设备,天线包括渐变槽天线、折合振子和馈电结构,渐变槽天线包括构成渐变槽的第一金属结构和第二金属结构,渐变槽的两端分别为窄缝端和宽口端。折合振子的延伸方向与渐变槽的延伸方向相交,折合振子包括相对设置的主振子和寄生振子,主振子位于寄生振子和窄缝端之间,主振子包括电连接至所述第一金属结构的第一枝节和连接至所述第二金属结构的第二枝节,主振子和寄生振子之间的区域构成渐变槽天线的谐振槽。所述馈电结构电连接在所述第一枝节和第二枝节之间,同时为所述折合振子和所述渐变槽天线馈电,以激励所述渐变槽天线定向天线,及激励所述折合振子为全向天线。本申请具有双天线小型化的优势。

Description

天线、天线模组和电子设备
本申请要求于2020年10月30日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202011193934.3、申请名称为“天线、天线模组和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域,特别是一种天线、天线模组和电子设备。
背景技术
随着WiFi协议演进,空间流数不断增加,目前最大规格已能支持16流,意味着内置产品最多需要16组高性能天线,且要求各天线之间彼此影响小,满足其辐射性能。现有ONT(Optical network terminal,光网络终端)内置产品在外观、竞争力以及家居场景使用习惯等因素下,其尺寸和ID在朝着小型化的方向演进,意味着在产品功能和性能提高的条件下,MIMO天线的设计空间实际上越来越紧张。
如何设计可以将定向天线和全向天线集成在一起实现小型化为业界研发的方向。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线和电子设备,所述天线通过将渐变槽天线和折合振子集成在一起,共同一个馈电,并折合振子构成渐变槽天线的谐振槽,实现天线的小型化。
第一方面,本申请实施方式提供的天线,包括渐变槽天线、折合振子和馈电结构;
所述渐变槽天线包括第一金属结构和第二金属结构,所述第一金属结构和所述第二金属结构之间形成渐变槽,所述渐变槽的延伸方向为第一方向,所述渐变槽的两端分别为窄缝端和宽口端;
所述折合振子的延伸方向为第二方向,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交,所述折合振子包括相对设置的主振子和寄生振子,所述主振子和所述寄生振子之间的区域构成所述折合振子的内部空间,所述主振子位于所述寄生振子和所述窄缝端之间,所述主振子包括在所述第二方向上间隔排列的第一枝节和第二枝节,所述第一枝节电连接至所述第一金属结构,所述第二枝节电连接至所述第二金属结构,以使所述折合振子的内部空间构成所述渐变槽天线的谐振槽;折合振子的延伸方向为第二方向可以理解为折合振子的主要辐射部分的延伸方向是在第二方向,若折合振子中的主振子和寄生振子均为直条形,主振子和寄生振子的延伸方向为第二方向,二者可以视为平行或接近平行。折合振子中的主振子和寄生振子也可以设置为两端弯折的样式,二者之间设置蛇形线。可以减小尺寸,虽然弯折部分不是第二方向,但折合振子作为一个整体,其延伸方向可视为第二方向。
所述馈电结构电连接在所述第一枝节和第二枝节之间,同时为所述折合振子和所述渐变槽天线馈电,以激励所述渐变槽天线定向天线,及激励所述折合振子为全向天线。
本申请通过将折合振子和渐变槽天线集成在一起,共用一个馈电,执行双天线的功能,可以实现天线小型化,而且,不但可以分别实现折合振子和渐变槽天线的辐射性能,这两个天线之间还具有互补的功能,例如:折合振子作为渐变槽天线的谐振槽,有利于渐变槽天线 的调谐。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述渐变槽天线的工作频率低于所述折合振子的工作频率。所述折合振子的工作频率的范围为:6G-7.125G;所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的范围为:5.1G-5.9G。本实施方式提供的天线中的渐变槽天线和折合振子的工作频率范围不同,辐射不同的信号,提升了天线的适用范围,更突显其小型化的优势。
渐变槽可以为轴对称结构,即渐变槽以一中心轴为中心呈对称分布,第一金属结构和第二金属结构也可以对称分布在此中心轴的两侧,这个对称轴的延伸方向就可以理解为第一方向。当然渐变槽也可以为非对称的结构,总体来说,从渐变槽的窄口端的中心位置向宽口端的中心位置延伸的方向为第一方向。所述第一方向和所述第二方向可以正交。第一方向和第二方向之间的夹角也可以为小于90度的某个角度。本申请提供的天线总体而言,呈对称分布,其对称中心可以为渐变槽的中心轴,这样的对称架构的天线能够匹配更好的带宽。
一种可能的实现方式中,在第一方向上,第一枝节和第二枝节之间的间隙正对渐变槽的窄缝端,可以理解为,间隙的中间位置与窄缝端的中间位置的连线的延伸方向为第一方向。对于间隙和窄缝端而言,它们在第二方向上的尺寸为宽度,间隙的宽度可以大于窄缝端的宽度。
一种可能的实现方式中,间隙的内壁和窄缝端的内壁之间的连线呈平滑过度状态,可以呈喇叭状开放延伸,这样的从窄缝端至间隙,再到折合振子内部空间,尺寸呈渐变变化,这样的设计有利于折合振子作为谐振槽对渐变槽天线进行馈电调谐。
所述第一枝节和所述第一金属结构共同形成具有第一开口的第一间隔区,所述第一开口位于所述第一间隔区的背离所述渐变槽的一端;所述第二枝节与所述第二金属结构共同形成具有第二开口的第二间隔区,所述第二开口位于所述第二间隔区背离所述渐变槽的一端,第一间隔区的尺寸小于第二间隔区的尺寸,是因为第一枝节在第一方向上的延伸的尺寸大于第二枝节在第一方向上的延伸尺寸,即第一枝节部分区域较宽,此较宽的区域是为了配置馈电结构预留出来的。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一枝节包括第一连接部,所述第一连接部与所述第一金属结构连接,所述第二枝节包括第二连接部,所述第二连接部与所述第二金属结构连接,在所述第一方向上,所述第一连接部延伸的尺寸大于所述第二连接部延伸的尺寸。本申请通过第一连接部的尺寸设计,可以在第一连接部上安装馈电结构。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一连接部设有通孔,所述馈电结构包括内导体和外导体,所述馈电结构穿过所述通孔,所述外导体电连接至所述第一连接部,所述内导体电连接至所述第二枝节。馈电结构为馈电线缆,本申请提供的馈电方式简单易行。本申请不需要微带线的方式馈电,微带线对折合振子和渐变槽天线的辐射尺寸多少会有一些影响的,而且会占用载板面积,馈电线缆与第一连接部的连接方式馈电,不会影响折合振子和渐变槽天线的辐射性能。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一金属结构包括第一微带线和第一齿组,所述第一微带线包括面对所述渐变槽的第一边缘和背离所述渐变槽的第二边缘,所述第一齿组连接至所述第二边缘,且从所述第二边缘向远离所述第一边缘的方向延伸,所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的四分之一波长。第一齿组的电长度可以理解为:在第二方向上,第一齿组远离所述第二边缘的一端至所述渐变槽的中轴线的位置之间的距离,第二方向垂直于渐变槽的中轴线。本申请提供的天线中的渐变槽天线的第一金属结构区别于传统的渐变槽 天线的大面积的金属结构,采用微带线和第一齿组结合的方式,构成离散疏齿镂空架构,不但可以保证渐变槽天线的辐射性能,还有利于提高天线本体(指的是渐变槽天线)的电磁波穿透性,使得折合振子的辐射性能也等到保证。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第二金属结构包括第二微带线和第二齿组,所述第二微带线包括面对所述渐变槽的第三边缘和背离所述渐变槽的第四边缘,所述第二齿组连接至所述第四边缘,且从所述第四边缘向远离所述第三边缘的方向延伸,所述第二齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的四分之一波长;第二齿组的电长度可以理解为:在第二方向上,第二齿组远离第四边缘的一端至渐变槽的中轴线的位置之间的距离,第二方向垂直于渐变槽的中轴线。所述第一齿组和所述第二齿组对称分布在所述渐变槽的两侧。本实施方式通过第一齿组和第二齿组的对称分布,使得天线的性能得到优化。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一齿组的数量和所述第二齿组的数量均为至少两个,至少两个所述第一齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第一齿组的长度越大,至少两个所述第二齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第二齿组的长度越大。本实施方式提供的天线架构中,通过尺寸渐变的离散疏齿镂空架构,实现对电磁波信号的穿透作用,同时减小天线本体的有效散射面积,提供电磁波传输的平稳性和多天线间相互影响。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述渐变槽天线能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,其中邻近所述窄缝端的所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最高工作频率的四分之一波长,邻近所述宽口端的所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最低工作频率的四分之一波长。四分之一波长的电长度的第一齿组具有类似单极子的辐射特性,可以提升渐变槽天线的增益。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一齿组包括位于所述宽口端位置的第一梳齿,所述第二齿组包括位于所述宽口端位置的第二梳齿,所述第一梳齿背离所述第一微带线的端部与所述第二梳齿背离所述第二微带线的端部之间的距离为所述渐变槽天线工作频率的二分之一波长。本实施方式中,第一微带线在宽口端处的尺寸不足二分之一波长,无法实现渐变槽天线的功能,但是第一梳齿和第二梳齿与微带线结合起来,就构成了渐变槽天线的基本架构,所述第一梳齿背离所述第一微带线的端部与所述第二梳齿背离所述第二微带线的端部之间的距离为所述渐变槽天线工作频率的二分之一波长的设计,能够满足渐变槽天线的辐射要求。第一梳齿和第二梳齿一方面构成渐变槽天线的主要辐射部分,另一方向作为齿状结构,可以构成类似单极子架构,可以提升渐变槽天线的增益。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述主振子包括第一主体和分别位于所述第一主体两端的第一弯折段和第二弯折段,所述第一主体包括所述第一枝节和所述第二枝节,所述寄生振子包括第二主体和分别位于所述第二主体两端的第三弯折段和第四弯折段,所述折合振子还包括连接在所述第一弯折段和所述第三弯折段之间的第一蜿蜒线及连接在所述第二弯折段和所述第四弯折段之间的第二蜿蜒线,所述第一蜿蜒线和所述第二蜿蜒线相对设置。本实施方式的目的在于实现折合振子的小型化,一方面,通过位于所述第一主体两端的第一弯折段和第二弯折段的结构可以减少主振子的第二方向的尺寸,同样,分别位于所述第二主体两端的第三弯折段和第四弯折段可以减少寄生振子的第二方向的尺寸。另一方面,所述第一蜿蜒线和所述第二蜿蜒线用于形成无辐射感性加载,以减少所述折合振子的尺寸。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一弯折段和所述第三弯折段之间形成第一间隔,所述第二弯折段和所述第四弯折段之间形成第二间隔,所述第一蜿蜒线和所述第二蜿蜒线位于所述 第一间隔和所述第二间隔之间。即第一蜿蜒线和所述第二蜿蜒线在所述第一主体上的垂直投影位于所述第一主体的内部。此种架构有利于折合振子小尺寸的设计。
一种可能的实现方式中,在所述第二方向上,所述折合振子的最大尺寸小于等于所述渐变槽天线的最大尺寸。本申请将天线在第二方向的最大尺寸限定为折合振子在第二方向上的延伸尺寸,将渐变槽天线设置在折合振子在第二方向上限定的尺寸范围内,有利于实现天线的小型化。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述天线还包括寄生单元,所述寄生单元位于所述渐变槽天线远离所述折合振子的一侧,用于提升所述渐变槽天线的增益。具体而言,所述寄生单元呈直条状,可以理解为寄生单元的长度尺寸接近对应工作频率上的偶极子天线,所述寄生单元的延伸方向为所述第二方向。所述渐变槽天线能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括高频段和低频段,当所述渐变槽天线工作在所述低频段工作条件下时,所述寄生单元用于对渐变槽天线在所述低频段上的辐射电磁波进行增强,当所述渐变槽天线工作在所述高频段工作条件下时,所述寄生单元用于对渐变槽天线在所述高频段上的辐射电磁波进行反射。本申请提供的渐变槽天线为具有宽带、高增益特性定向天线,增强高频段上天线辐射能力,例如,渐变槽天线可以在5G频段做覆盖,也可以在Sub7G频段做级联回传(级联回传主要是指设备间组网使用,一个设备到另一个设备的数据或者视频流量通过无线的方式传递给下一级网关)。
具体而言,寄生单元呈直线状在第二方向上延伸,第二方向垂直于第一方向。寄生单元以渐变槽的中轴线为中心呈对称结构,寄生单元在渐变槽天线的开口端的垂直投影位于开口端的范围内,即寄生单元的两端至渐变槽的中轴线的垂直距离均小于开口端的两端与渐变槽的中轴线之间的垂直距离。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,所述寄生单元的电长度小于等于所述渐变槽天线在所述最低工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一,且大于所述渐变槽天线在所述最高工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述寄生单元与所述宽口端之间的间距为所述寄生单元对所述渐变槽天线的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述寄生单元的数量为至少两个,且沿着所述第一方向依次间隔布置,相邻的所述寄生单元之间的间距为所述寄生单元对所述渐变槽天线的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
本申请为了实现对渐变槽天线在特定频段上的增益增强,使得能力辐射具有更好的指向性,在第一方向上,增加寄生单元,且通过对寄生单元的电长度的设置,即其长度略小于特定频率所对应的半波长,从而达到电磁波的引向增强作用。具体而言,本申请主要按照低频增强增益设计,因此寄生单元的长度和间距均参照渐变槽天线在低频段范围对应的工作波长。可以理解的是,在保持相同间距递进的条件下,当寄生单元数量设置为多个时,引向作用可以增强。在高频段范围,由于寄生单元电长度过长而充当反射寄生单元,从而使得单波束辐射变成在反方向下的多波束特征,最终使得整个渐变槽天线在宽频带上高低频两个子频带上呈现不同的辐射效果,这个特性很好地匹配了目前WIFI频段对不同频谱的差异化应用需求。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述天线包括用于承载所述渐变槽天线和所述折合振子的介质板,所述渐变槽天线和所述折合振子共面设置。本实施方式中,将折合振子和渐变槽天线的所述的金属部分均设置在介质板的同一个面上,这个面可以是介质板的表面,也可以为介质 板中间的某一层。
一种实施方式中,渐变槽天线和折合振子设置在介质板的正面,馈电结构从介质板背面的一侧穿过介质板,其外导体与第一枝节电连接,例如以焊接的方式电连接,内导体与第二枝节电连接,具体而言,第一枝节和第一金属结构互连为一体成为天线的地板,馈电结构的外导体通过电连接至第一枝节实现接地。第二枝节和第二金属结构互连为一体,内导体电连接至第二枝节,第一枝节和第二枝节的连接处形成馈电共面波导结构,通过馈电结构对此馈电共面波导结构馈电。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述天线包括用于承载所述渐变槽天线和所述折合振子的介质板,所述天线分布在所述介质板的不同的面上。举例如下:以天线分布在介质板的两个面上为例,介质板包括层叠设置的第一面和第二面,至少可以包括如下几种具体的实施方式:
一种可能的实现方式中,第二金属结构、第二枝节、第二蜿蜒线、部分寄生振子和寄生单元位于第一面上,第一金属结构、第一枝节、第一蜿蜒线及部分寄生振子位于第二面上,位于第一面上的寄生振子和位于第二面上的寄生振子之间通过介质板上的金属过孔电连接。
一种可能的实现方式中,寄生振子位于第一面上,主振子(包括第一枝节和第二枝节)、第一金属结构和第二金属结构及寄生单元位于第二面上,寄生振子和主振子之间通过介质板上的金属过孔电连接。
一种可能的实现方式中,折合振子和渐变槽天线位于第一面上,寄生单元位于第二面上,本实施方式中,第一面和第二面之间无需电连接。
本申请还可以包括如下具体实施方式:例如:所述渐变槽天线位于第一面,所述折合振子位于第二面。可以理解的是,渐变槽天线和折合振子也可以分布在三层或更多层上。不共面的折合振子及渐变槽天线之间,若需要电连接,可以通过介质基板之间的金属过孔实现电连接。
第二方面,本申请提供一种电子设备,包括射频电路和第一方向任意一种实施方式所述的天线,所述天线的所述馈电结构电连接至所述射频电路。
第三方面,本申请还提供一种天线模组,包括支架和连接至所述支架的天线,此天线为第一方面任意一种实施方式提供的天线。
附图说明
图1为包括本申请提供的天线的电子设备作为家庭网关,在家庭网关系统中的应用示意图。
图2为本申请提供的电子设备(为家庭网关)的一种具体的应用场景示意图。
图3为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备的立体图。
图4为图3所示的电子设备去除外壳的状态的示意图。
图5为图4所示的电子设备去除用于安装天线的支架的示意图,主要表达天线与电子设备内的单板的位置关系。
图6为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线分布在介质板的一个面上的示意图。
图7和图8分别为介质板两个方向的侧面示意图。
图9为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图10为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图11为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图12为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图13为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图14为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图15为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的示意图。
图16和图17为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在介质板的两个面上的分布情况示意图。
图18和图19为本申请另一种实施方式提供的天线在介质板的两个面上的分布情况示意图。
图20和图21为本申请另一种实施方式提供的天线在介质板的两个面上的分布情况示意图。
图22为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的S参数曲线图。
图23示意性地表达了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在四个不同的工作频率(分别为5.5G、5.9G、6.5G和7G)状态下的辐射方向图。
具体实施方式
为方便理解,下面对本申请实施例所涉及的相关技术术语进行解释和描述。
家庭网关:是位于现代家庭内部的一个网络设备,它的作用是使家庭用户连接到Internet,使位于家庭中的多种智能设备都能得到Internet的服务,或者使这些智能设备相互之间实现通信。简单的说,家庭网关是使家庭内部多种智能设备之间实现联网,以及从家庭内部到外部网络实现互联的一座桥梁。从技术角度说,家庭网关在家庭内部以及从内部到外部实现桥接/路由、协议转换、地址管理和转换,承担防火墙的职责,并提供可能的VoIP/Video over IP等业务。
无线AP:(AP,Access Point,无线访问节点、会话点或存取桥接器)是一个包含很广的名称,它不仅包含单纯性无线接入点(无线AP),也同样是无线路由器(含无线网关、无线网桥)等类设备的统称。无线AP接入点支持2.4GHz频率的无线应用,敏感度符合802.11n标准,并采用双路射频输出,每一路最大输出600毫瓦,可通过无线分布系统(点对点和点对多点桥接)在大面积的区域部署无线覆盖,是酒店宾馆发展无线网络必备的无线AP设备。
多输入多输出系统(Multi-input Multi-output;MIMO)是一种用来描述多天线无线通信系统的抽象数学模型,能利用发射端的多个天线各自独立发送信号,同时在接收端用多个天线接收并恢复原信息。该技术最早是由马可尼于1908年提出的,他利用多天线来抑制信道衰落(fading)。根据收发两端天线数量,相对于普通的单输入单输出系统(Single-Input Single-Output,SISO),MIMO此类多天线技术尚包含早期所谓的“智能天线”,亦即单输入多输出系统(Single-Input Multi-Output,SIMO)和多输入单输出系统(Multiple-Input Single-Output,MISO)。
全向天线,即在水平方向图上表现为360°都均匀辐射,也就是平常所说的无方向性,在垂直方向图上表现为有一定宽度的波束,一般情况下波瓣宽度越小,增益越大。全向天线在移动通信系统中一般应用于郊县大区制的站型,覆盖范围大。
水平极化,是指电磁波的振动方向是水平方向。凡是极化面与大地法线面垂直的极化波称为水平极化波。其电场方向与大地相平行。
垂直极化,是指电场矢量在一个固定的平面内沿一个固定的方向振动,则称该电磁波是偏振的,包含电场矢量E的平面称为偏振面。偏振在微波遥感中称为极化,极化有水平极化 和垂直极化两种方式。当电磁波的电场矢量平行于波束入射面时,称为垂直极化,用V表示。
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
图1所示为包括本申请提供的天线的电子设备作为家庭网关,在家庭网关系统中的应用示意图。图1所示的实施方式中,本申请提供的电子设备为家庭网关,家庭网关连接在光局端和终端设备之间,光局端连接至广域网(因特网),光局端从广域网(因特网)获取信号,并将此信号传送至家庭网关,再由设置在家庭网关中的天线将信号传送至各终端设备。家庭网关包括数字模块、射频模块和天线,数字模块连接在光局端和射频模块之间,射频模块用于发送射频信号给天线。随着家庭智能化的发展,各种智能化终端设备被配置在家庭中,需要在家庭网关内的配置更多的天线,以为各种终端设备提供信号。例如,天线可以包括天线1、天线2、天线3、天线4和天线5,天线1可以为低频天线,例如低频天线可以为2G天线或3G天线,天线2、天线3、天线4和天线5可以为高频天线,例如高频天线可以为5G天线或6G天线。其它实施方式中天线可以有其它的配置,例如包括低频天线的数量可以为两个或三个以上,高频天线的数量也可以为一个或两个或更多个。
一种实施方式中,终端设备可以包括智能手机、智能家居(例如空调、电风扇、洗衣机、电冰箱等)、智能电视、智能安防(例如摄像机)。智能手机可以使用在低频频率范围,也可以使用在高频频率范围,例如智能手机可以支持2G和5G两种频率的信号。因此如图1所示的,天线1和天线2均为智能手机提供信号。天线3为智能家居提供信号,对于智能家居而言,通过智能家庭网关系统平台,用户可以通过手机和PC端等方式对远程智能家电、照明系统、电源系统等进行状态查看和控制。天线4为智能电视提供信号,用户也可以通过终端设备远程操控智能电视,智能电视可以具网络电视的功能,也可以具有视频会议的功能。天线5为智能安防提供信号,智能视安防系统可以包括防火、防盗、防泄漏和远程监控等功能。用户可以利用手机、Internet远程查看和设置家庭安防系统,同时还可远程监视家庭内部情况,如果检测到异常状况,安防系统可以通过打电话、发短信、发邮件等方式通知用户。
本申请可以将不同工作频率的天线集成在一起,且能够实现低频天线的全向辐射,同时实现高频天线的定向增益。例如,天线1和天线4集成在一起,天线1为智能手机的低频的工作频率提供信号,智能手机可能会出现在家庭中的任意位置,天线1需要全向辐射,天线4需要为智能电视提供信号,通常智能电视会固定在家庭中的某个位置,天线4需要定位辐射,以保证信号强度。
图2所示为本申请提供的电子设备100(为家庭网关)的一种具体的应用场景示意图,如图2所示,具体的家庭场景中,同一楼层中的不同的房间均需要WIFI信号,不同的楼层也有WIFI信号的需求,家庭网关100内包括不同的天线,不但可以实现之间水平全向辐射,即可以辐射至同一楼层不同房间,满足同一楼层不同房间的WIFI信号需求,还可以实现垂直穿楼辐射,满足不同楼层的WIFI信号需求。图2中标示为A的椭圆形代表天线具有水平极化的全向辐射的能力,图2中标为B的椭圆形代表天线具有水平极化的定向辐射的能力,图2中标示为C椭圆形代表天线具有垂直极化辐射能力,能够实现垂直穿楼辐射信号的能力。
本申请提供的天线能够集成两个天线,在同一个极化方向上,实现全向辐射及定向增益,也可以实现多个天线的集成,即可保证同一个极化方向上的全向辐射及定向增益,又可以实现另一个极化方向上的辐射,例如垂直极化的全向辐射和定向增益,及水平极化的辐射。
图3、图4和图5所示为本申请一种实施方式提供的电子设备100的示意图。电子设备 100可以为家庭网关,也可以为其它的电子设备,例如:无线AP、家庭热点、CPE(Customer Premise Equipment,客户终端设备)等。
参阅图3,以电子设备100为家庭网关为例,电子设备100包括外壳1001,外壳1001可以呈桶状,也可以为其它的形状,例如方形盒状或圆形盒状等。本实施方式中,桶状外壳1001的顶部设有顶盖1002,顶盖1002为非屏蔽材料,例如塑料,顶盖1002的内部为天线,顶盖1002设有多个通孔1003,通孔1003的设置有利于电子设备100内的天线的信号辐射及电子设置100内部的通风散热。
结合图3和图4,图4为在图3的基础上,本申请提供的电子设备100去掉外壳1001的示意图。电子设备100内设单板1004,本申请一种实施方式提供的天线1000设置在单板1004的一侧,单板1004上可以设置射频电路10041,射频电路10041电连接至天线1000的馈电部,射频电路10041通过天线1000收发信号。单板1004和天线1000设置在外壳1001内部。为方便单板1004的散热,将单板1004设为立式,外壳1004内设用于固定单板1004的基座1005,单板1004连接至基座1005,基座1005上也可以设置用于为单板1004提供导热散热的结构1006,例如金属散热器、均热板、热管及其它导热结构,也可以将不同类型的导热结构组合使用。本实施方式中,电子设备100内设两块单板1004,基座1005位于电子设备100的底部,导热散热的结构1006直立在基座1005上,两块单板1004分别位于导热散热的结构1006的相对的两侧,即导热散热的结构1006夹设在两块单板1004之间,这样,导热散热的结构1006可以同时为两块单板1004散热,而且保证单板靠近外壳1001,更利于单板1004的散热。
为了保证天线1000的辐射性能,可以将天线1000设置在单板1004的顶部。具体而言,如图4所示,可以将天线1000安装在支架1007上,以构成天线模组R,再将天线模组R组装在外壳1001内部,支架1007上还可以设置其它的天线或电子器件。支架1007上设有通风道10071,此通风道10071与顶盖1002上的通孔1003相通,以实现通风散热的作用。天线模组R位于单板1004和导热散热的结构1006的顶部,即靠近外壳1004的顶部区域,位于顶盖1002的内侧,通风道10071和通孔1003用于使得导热散热的结构1006与电子设备100外部之间通风,提升散热效果。图4所示的实施方式中,天线1000(具有渐变线天线架构)所在的介质板接近水平放置,天线产生水平极化,若具体的使用场景需要垂直极化的天线,可以将电子设备100由立式变为卧式,将天线的渐变线天线的渐变槽的开口设置为:竖直方向的向上设置。其它实施方式中,也可以将天线1000布置在电子设置内的其它位置。如图5所示,电子设备内设立式的支架,即位于两个单板1004之间的部分,天线1000设置在此支架上,天线的渐变槽的开口设置为:竖直方向的向上设置。
外壳1001可以整体为塑料材质,或者部分外壳1001为金属材质,部分外壳1001为塑料材质(或非屏蔽材料),外壳1001的金属部分为设置在单板1004外围的部分外壳,金属材质的部分外壳具有导热性能好的优势,单板1004上设有功率器件或其它发热元件,单板1004工作的情况下,可以通过导热结构将热传导至外壳1001,通过外壳1001辅助散热,这样可以提升散热,保证电子设备100的使用寿命。外壳1001的塑料(或非屏蔽材料)部分为设置在天线1000外围的部分外壳,塑料材质不会对天线1000形成信号干扰和屏蔽,有利于保证天线1000辐射性能。
本申请通过将渐变槽天线(Tapered slot antenna,TSA)和折合振子集成为一个天线,渐变槽天线和折合振子共同一个馈电,也可以理解为通过折合振子为渐变槽天线馈电,提升了 天线的适用范围,使得天线可以实现折合振子全向辐射,又能够实现渐变槽天线定向辐射。本申请提供的天线能够较好的匹配ONT(Optical network terminal,光网络终端)对于WiFi天线设计的要求(例如:在有限的空间内布置更多的天线,可以覆盖更多的区域),迎合了家庭网络WiFi天线设计的战略(即:不同频率下高性能的WiFi覆盖能力)。一种实施方式中,本申请中的渐变槽天线和折合振子极化相同,例如:二者可以都是垂直极化(可以通过更换摆放角度,使得渐变槽天线和折合振子均成为水平极化)。所述渐变槽天线可以为第一频率的定向天线,所述折合振子可以为第二频率的全向天线,所述第一频率低于所述第二频率。所述折合振子的工作频率的范围为:6G-7.125G;所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的范围为:5.1G-5.9G。本实施方式提供的天线中的渐变槽天线和折合振子的工作频率范围不同,辐射不同的信号,提升了天线的适用范围,更突显其小型化的优势。
一种实施方式中,参阅图6、图7和图8,本申请提供的天线设置在介质板10上,介质板10也可以视为天线的一部分,即可以理解为天线包括介质板10。介质板10可以为陶瓷基板、PCB等任何绝缘基板,介质板10可以为单一材质的板材,也可以为复合板材,例如通过两种不同材质的板材压合而成。介质板10可以为单层板结构,也可以为两层板或多层板结构。本申请提供的天线为形成在介质板上的微带天线架构的好处在于:具有剖面薄、重量轻、可与载体(指的介质板)共形、以及易与有源器件(例如射频电路、滤波电路、信号放大电路等)集成的特点。
图6所示为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线分布在介质板10的一个面上的示意图,图7和图8分别为介质板两个方向的侧面示意图。天线包括渐变槽天线20、折合振子30和馈电结构40。渐变槽天线相对的两端分别为辐射端和馈电端,如图6所示,渐变槽天线20的辐射方向向右,其右端为辐射端,相应地,左端为馈电端。折合振子30连接在渐变槽天线20的馈电端且可以作为渐变槽天线20的谐振槽。馈电结构40为折合振子30馈电,同时激励渐变槽天线20。本申请通过将折合振子30和渐变槽天线20集成在一起,共用一个馈电,执行双天线的功能,可以实现天线小型化,而且,不但可以分别实现折合振子30和渐变槽天线20的辐射性能,这两个天线之间还具有互补的功能,例如:本申请在渐变槽天线20的馈电端设置折合振子30,折合振子30不但可以执行其自的辐射功能,还可以构成渐变槽天线20的谐振槽,对渐变槽天线20的辐射性能具有调谐作用,本申请拓展了折合振子30的功能,使其具有双重功能(即执行自身的辐射及成为渐变槽天线的谐振结构两种功能)。
渐变槽天线20的基本架构为:渐变槽天线20包括第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22,所述第一金属结构21和所述第二金属结构22之间形成渐变槽24,所述渐变槽24的延伸方向为第一方向A1,所述渐变槽24的两端分别为窄缝端241和宽口端242,折合振子30连接至窄缝端241且位于窄缝端241背离宽口端242的一侧。本实施方式中,渐变槽24可以为轴对称结构,即渐变槽24以一中心轴C1为中心呈对称分布,第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22也可以对称分布在此中心轴C1的两侧,这个对称轴C1的延伸方向为第一方向A1。当然渐变槽24也可以为非对称的结构,例如第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的形状不同或尺寸不同,总体来说,从渐变槽24的窄口端241的中心位置向宽口端242的中心位置延伸的方向为第一方向A1。介质板10大致呈长方形,介质板10的长边的方向为第一方向A1。
第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的具体结构可以有多种不同的形态,例如:图6、图9、图10、图11和图12示意性地描述了几种不同的第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22 的实施方式。
如图6所示,所述第一金属结构21包括第一微带线211和第一齿组212,所述第一微带线211包括面对所述渐变槽24的第一边缘2111和背离所述渐变槽的第二边缘2112。第一微带线211可以为弧形线的形状,或者第一微带线211由直形线和弧形线构成,第一微带线211的线宽为第一边缘2111和第二边缘2112之间的垂直距离,本申请中,第一微带线211的线宽的设置可以为:从窄缝端241至宽口端242的各个位置处的线宽均相同;或者,从窄缝端241至宽口端242,线宽呈渐变的变化趋势;或者,从窄缝端241至宽口端242,部分第一微带线的线宽是相同的,部分第一微带线的线宽呈渐变的变化趋势,本申请不对第一微带线211的具体的形状做限定。所述第一齿组212连接至所述第二边缘2112,且从所述第二边缘2112向远离所述第一边缘2111的方向延伸,第一齿组212的延伸的方向为第二方向,第二方向可以与第一方向之间垂直,也可以相较第二方向形成小于90度的夹角,图6所示的第一齿组212的延伸方向为垂直于第一方向A1的状态,可以理解的是,图6所示的实施方式中,第一齿组212可以向左或向右倾斜一定的角度。
图6所示的实施方式中,第一齿组212的数量为两个,这两个第一齿组212分别靠近窄缝端241和宽口端242。其它实施方式中,第一齿组212的数量也可以为一个、三个或更多个。每个第一齿组212包括两个第一梳齿2121,可以理解的是,各第一齿组212中的第一梳齿的数量也可以为一个、三个或更多个,本申请不做限定。图6所示的实施方式中,两个第一齿组212的延伸方向是相同的,都是第二方向A2,且垂直于第一方向A1,此种架构从制作工作的角度,具有易于制作的好处,从天线的调谐、带宽配置及方向图控制的角度,具有容易调节天线的物理参数的好处。其它实施方式中,不同的第一齿组212的延伸方向可以不同,例如可以将图6所示的实施方式中的其中一个第一齿组212向左或向右倾斜一定的角度。
图6所示的实施方式中,各第一梳齿2121呈直线形状,可以理解的是,其它实施方式中,各第一梳齿2121也可以呈曲线形,例如C形、S形等。
本申请提供的天线中的渐变槽天线20的第一金属结构21区别于传统的渐变槽天线的大面积的金属结构,采用第一微带线211和第一齿组212结合的方式,也可以是理解是将传统的大面积的金属结构去除部分材料,形成镂空结构,即构成离散疏齿镂空架构,不但可以保证渐变槽天线20的辐射性能,还有利于提高天线本体(指的是渐变槽天线)的电磁波穿透性,使得折合振子30的辐射性能也等到保证。所述第一齿组212的电长度为所述渐变槽天线20的工作频率的四分之一波长。第一齿组212的电长度可以理解为:在第二方向A2上,第一齿组212远离所述第二边缘2112的一端至所述渐变槽24的中轴线C1的位置之间的距离,第二方向A2垂直于渐变槽24的中轴线C1。四分之一波长的第一齿组212的电长度的配置,使得第一齿组212可以构成单极子天线架构,辐射渐变槽天线20的多余的能量,这样可以提升渐变槽天线的辐射性能。可以理解为,渐变槽天线20主要通过其渐变槽24的边缘的位置进行辐射电磁波,然而,不可避免地,部分电流顺着第一金属结构21向外扩散,即部分电流会流到第一齿组上,本申请将第一齿轮且设计为渐变槽天线的工作频率的四分之一波长的电长度,使得第一齿组可以将这部分电流辐射出去,增强了渐变槽天线的信号辐射能力。
图6所示的实施方式中,第二金属结构22的结构与第一金属结构21的结构相同。所述第二金属结构22包括第二微带线221和第二齿组222,所述第二微带线221包括面对所述渐变槽24的第三边缘2211和背离所述渐变槽24的第四边缘2212,所述第二齿组222连接至所述第四边缘2212,且从所述第四边缘2212向远离所述第三边缘2211的方向延伸,所述第 二齿组222的电长度为所述渐变槽天线20的工作频率的四分之一波长;第二齿组222的电长度可以理解为:在第二方向上,第二齿组222远离第四边缘2212的一端至渐变槽24的中轴线C1的位置之间的距离,第二方向A2垂直于渐变槽24的中轴线C1。各第二齿组222均包括第二梳齿2221,且各第二齿组222中的第二梳齿2221的数量可以为一个、两个或多个。第二齿组222的具体结构与第一齿组221的具体结构可以相同,具体的细节参照前述对第一齿组221的描述,不再赘述。
本申请提供的天线大体上呈对称的分布架构,对称中心可以看作为渐变槽24的中轴线C1,即渐变槽天线20可以为以此中轴线C1为中心的对称分布架构,对于折合振子30而言,其馈电结构的部分为非对称架构。所述第一齿组221和所述第二齿组222对称分布在所述渐变槽24的两侧。本实施方式通过第一齿组221和第二齿组222的对称分布,有利于优化天线的性能。
参阅图6所示的实现方式,所述第一齿组的数量和所述第二齿组的数量均为至少两个的情况下,至少两个所述第一齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第一齿组的长度越大,同样地,至少两个所述第二齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第二齿组的长度越大。图6示意性地表示了分别靠近窄缝端和宽口端的两个第一齿组和两个第二齿组,可以理解的是,在这两个第一齿组之间可以设置至少一个电长度不同的第一齿组,同样,在这两个第二齿组之间也可以设置至少一个电长度不同的第二齿组。本实施方式提供的天线架构中,通过尺寸渐变的离散疏齿镂空架构,实现对电磁波信号的穿透作用,提供电磁波传输的平稳性。所述渐变槽天线能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,其中邻近所述窄缝端的所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最高工作频率的四分之一波长,邻近所述宽口端的所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最低工作频率的四分之一波长。四分之一波长的电长度的第一齿组具有类似单极子的辐射特性,可以提升渐变槽天线的增益。本实施方式通过不同尺寸的第一齿组和第二齿组的设置,能够满足针对渐变槽天线在不同的工作频率下的增益。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一齿组212包括位于所述宽口端242位置的第一梳齿2121A,所述第二齿组222包括位于所述宽口端242位置的第二梳齿2221A,所述第一梳齿2121A背离所述第一微带线211的端部与所述第二梳齿2221A背离所述第二微带线221的端部之间的距离D1为所述渐变槽天线20工作频率的二分之一波长。本实施方式中,第一微带线和第二微带线在宽口端处的尺寸不足二分之一波长,如图6所示,在宽口端处,第一微带线的端部对应设置于第一梳齿2121A的齿根的位置,第二微带线的端部对应设置于第二梳齿2221A的齿根的位置,第一微带线211的端部211A和第二微带线221的端部221A之间的距离不足渐变槽天线20的工作频率的二分之一波长,无法实现渐变槽天线20的功能,但是第一梳齿2121A和第二梳齿2221A与第一微带线211和第二微带线221结合起来,就构成了渐变槽天线20的基本架构,即,所述第一梳齿2121A背离所述第一微带线211的端部与所述第二梳齿2221A背离所述第二微带线221的端部之间的距离为所述渐变槽天线20工作频率的二分之一波长的设计,能够满足渐变槽天线20的辐射要求。位于所述宽口端242位置的第一梳齿2121A和位于所述宽口端242位置的第二梳齿2221A一方面构成渐变槽天线20的主要辐射部分,另一方面作为齿状结构,可以构成类似单极子架构,可以提升渐变槽天线20的增益。
图6所示的实施方式中,第一微带线211的端部211A位于第一梳齿2121A背离折合振 子30的一侧,可以理解为:第一梳齿2121A的齿根对应连接在第一微带线211的位置与端部211A之间间隔一定的距离。同样,第二微带线221的端部221A位于第二梳齿2221A背离折合振子30的一侧,第二梳齿2221A的齿根对应连接在第二微带线221的位置与端部221A之间间隔一定的距离。本实施方式通过第一微带线211的端部211A相较第一梳齿2121A突出延伸,以及第二微带线221的端部221A相较第二梳齿轮2221A突出延伸的设计,可以实现调节开口端的电流分布,改善渐变槽天线的辐射效率。
图9示意性地描述了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线,其中的第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的具体结构不同于图6所示的实施方式,具体表现为:第一微带线211的端部211A和第二微带线221的端部221A的位置不同。图9所示的实施方式中,第一微带线211的端部211A连接至第一梳齿2121A的齿根的位置,第一微带线211的端部211A在第一梳齿2121A的齿根的位置处形成圆滑过度的连接。同样,第二微带线221的端部221A连接至第二梳齿2221A的齿根的位置,第二微带线221的端部221A在第二梳齿2221A的齿根的位置处形成圆滑过度的连接。本实施方式中,在第一微带线211的端部211A的位置沿第二方向延伸形成第一梳齿2121A,在第二微带线221的端部221A的位置沿第二方向延伸形成第二梳齿2221A,第一梳齿2121A和第二梳齿2221A的延伸方向相反且共线,形成对称分布的架构。
图10示意性地描述了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线,其中的第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的具体结构不同于图6所示的实施方式,具体表现为:第一齿组212和第二齿组222的数量不同。图10所示的实施方式中,第一金属结构21包括一个第一齿组212,且此第一齿组212靠近宽口端242设置,第二金属结构22包括一个第二齿组222,且此第二齿组222靠近宽口端242设置。
图11示意性地描述了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线,其中第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的具体结构不同于图6所示的实施方式,图11所述的实施方式中,第一金属结构21只包括第一微带线211,不包括第一齿组,第二金属结构22只包括第二微带线221,不包括第二齿组。第一微带线211和第二微带线221的结构不同于图6所示的实施方式的第一微带线和第二微带线,本实施方式中,在开口端242的位置处,第一微带线211的端部和第二微带线221的端部之间的距离D1为渐变槽天线20的工作频率的二分之一波长。可以理解为,本申请提供的天线中,渐变槽天线的第一金属结构和第二金属结构可以由单一的微带线构成,不设置梳齿结构,亦可以保证渐变槽天线的辐射性能,及折合振子的辐射性能。
图12示意性地描述了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线,其中第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22的具体结构不同于图6所示的实施方式,图12所述的实施方式中,第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22不是微带线的结构,而是较大面积的金属贴片的结构。第一金属结构21包括相对设置的内边缘213和外边缘214,第二金属结构22包括相对设置的内边缘223和外边缘224,第一金属结构21的内边缘213和第二金属结构22的内边缘223之间构成渐变槽24。第一金属结构21包括与折合振子30连接的第一端215和远离折合振子30的第二端216,第二金属结构22包括与折合振子30连接的第一端225和远离折合振子30的第二端226,第一金属结构21的第一端215的第二方向延伸的尺寸小于其第二端216的第二方向延伸尺寸,类似地,第二金属结构22的第一端225的第二方向延伸的尺寸也小于其第二端226的第二方向延伸的尺寸。第一金属结构21的第一端215和第二金属结构22的第一端225之间构成渐变槽24的窄缝端241,第一金属结构21的第二端216和第二金属结构22的第二端226之间构成渐变槽24的宽口端242。第一金属结构21和折合振子30之间形成第一间隔空间 R1,第二金属结构22和折合振子30之间形成第二间隔空间R2,第一间隔空间R1和第二间隔空间R2的设置有利于保证折合振子30的结构形态及辐射性能,同时可以作为渐变槽天线和折合振子30之间的镂空区,能够保证折合振子30辐射的电磁波信号可以穿过渐变槽天线20,形成全向辐射。
图6、图9-图12所示的各实施方式中,天线中的折合振子30具有相同的架构,接下来以图12所示的实施方式为例,对折合振子30的结构进行详细的描述。
参阅图12,折合振子30的延伸方向为第二方向A2,所述第二方向A2与所述第一方向A1相交(二者可以正交也可以形成小于90度的夹角)。折合振子30的延伸方向为第二方向可以理解为折合振子的主要辐射部分的延伸方向是在第二方向,若折合振子中的主振子和寄生振子均为直条形,主振子和寄生振子的延伸方向为第二方向,二者可以视为平行或接近平行。折合振子中的主振子和寄生振子也可以设置为两端弯折的样式,二者之间设置蛇形线。可以减小尺寸,虽然弯折部分不是第二方向,但折合振子作为一个整体,其延伸方向可视为第二方向。
所述折合振子30包括相对设置的主振子31和寄生振子32,所述主振子31和所述寄生振子32之间的区域构成所述折合振子30的内部空间,所述主振子31位于所述寄生振子32和所述窄缝端241之间。所述主振子31包括第一主体311和分别位于所述第一主体311两端的第一弯折段312和第二弯折段313,所述第一主体311包括第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112,第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112在所述第二方向上间隔排列且二者之间构成间隙。所述寄生振子32包括第二主体321和分别位于所述第二主体321两端的第三弯折段322和第四弯折段323。所述折合振子30还包括连接在所述第一弯折段312和所述第三弯折段322之间的第一蜿蜒线33及连接在所述第二弯折段313和所述第四弯折段323之间的第二蜿蜒线34,所述第一蜿蜒线33和所述第二蜿蜒线34相对设置。本实施方式通过将主振子31和寄生振子32的两端弯折,能够实现折合振子30的小型化,一方面,通过位于所述第一主体311两端的第一弯折段312和第二弯折段313的结构可以减少主振子31的第二方向A2上的尺寸,同样,分别位于所述第二主体321两端的第三弯折段322和第四弯折段323可以减少寄生振子32的第二方向A2上的尺寸。另一方面,所述第一蜿蜒线33和所述第二蜿蜒线34用于形成无辐射感性加载,以减少所述折合振子30的尺寸。
所述第一弯折段312和所述第三弯折段322之间形成第一间隔35,所述第二弯折段313和所述第四弯折段323之间形成第二间隔36,所述第一蜿蜒线33和所述第二蜿蜒线34位于所述第一间隔35和所述第二间隔36之间。即第一蜿蜒线33和所述第二蜿蜒线34在所述第一主体311上的垂直投影位于所述第一主体311的内部。此种架构下,第一蜿蜒部线33和第二蜿蜒线34构成内凹的架构,有利于折合振子30小尺寸的设计。可以理解的是,在第二方向A2上尺寸允许的情况下,第一蜿蜒部线33和/或第二蜿蜒线34也可以构成外凸的架构,具体为:第一蜿蜒部线33和第一主体211分别位于第一弯折段312的两侧(图12所示的实施方式中,第一蜿蜒部线33和第一主体211位于第一弯折段312的同侧)。
参阅图12,所述第一枝节3111电连接至所述第一金属结构21,所述第二枝节3112电连接至所述第二金属结构22,以使所述折合振子30的内部空间构成所述渐变槽天线20的谐振槽。在第一方向A1上,第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112之间的间隙37正对渐变槽24的窄缝端241,可以理解为,间隙37的中间位置与窄缝端241的中间位置的连线的延伸方向为第一方向A1。对于间隙37和窄缝端241而言,它们在第二方向A2上的尺寸为宽度,间隙37的 宽度可以大于窄缝端241的宽度。一种可能的实现方式中,间隙37的内壁和窄缝端241的内壁之间的连线呈平滑过度状态,可以呈喇叭状开放延伸,这样的从窄缝端241至间隙37,再到折合振子30内部空间,尺寸呈渐变变化,这样的设计有利于折合振子30作为谐振槽对渐变槽天线20进行馈电调谐。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一枝节3111包括第一连接部38,所述第一连接部38与所述第一金属结构21连接,所述第二枝节3112包括第二连接部39,所述第二连接部39与所述第二金属结构22连接,第一连接部38和第二连接部39均邻近窄缝端241,在所述第一方向A1上,所述第一连接部38延伸的尺寸大于所述第二连接部39延伸的尺寸。这样,所述第一枝节3111和所述第一金属结构21共同形成具有第一开口的第一间隔区R1,所述第一开口位于所述第一间隔区R1的背离所述渐变槽24的一端;所述第二枝节3112与所述第二金属结构22共同形成具有第二开口的第二间隔区R2,所述第二开口位于所述第二间隔区R2背离所述渐变槽24的一端,第一间隔区R1的尺寸小于第二间隔区R2的尺寸。本实施方式中,第一枝节3111部分区域做了加宽设置,此较宽的区域是为了配置馈电结构预留出来的,即通过第一连接部38的尺寸设计,可以在第一连接部38上安装馈电结构。
参阅图12、图7和图8,一种可能的实现方式中,所述第一连接部38设有通孔381,所述馈电结构40包括内导体41和外导体42,所述馈电结构40穿过所述通孔381(具体为外导体42穿过通孔381),所述外导体42穿过通孔381后电连接至第一枝节3111(具体为电连接至所述第一连接部38),所述内导体41跨过间隙37电连接至所述第二枝节3112。馈电结构40可以为馈电线缆,本申请提供的馈电方式简单易行。本申请不需要微带线的方式馈电,微带线对折合振子30和渐变槽天线20的辐射尺寸多少会有一些影响的,而且会占用载板面积,馈电线缆与第一连接部的连接方式馈电,不会影响折合振子30和渐变槽天线20的辐射性能。馈电结构40的外导体42用于接地,内导体41用于传输信号,对于渐变槽天线30而言,第一金属结构21为本申请天线的地,第二金属结构22和第一金属结构21的电位不同,第二金属结构22电连接内导体42。对于折合振子30而言,第一枝节3111与馈电结构40的外导体42电连接,第一枝节3111接地,第二枝节3112与内导体41电连接,因此,本申请提供的天线的折合振子30中,第二枝节3112和第一枝节3111的电位不同。
其它实施方式中,在第二方向A2上尺寸允许的情况下,也可以将主振子31和寄生振子32设置为直条形,即不对它们的两端进行弯折,这样可以节约第一方向A1上的折合振子30的尺寸。对应地,折合振子30中的第一蜿蜒线33和所述第二蜿蜒线34也可以用直线状的传输线代替,如图13所示,图13所示的实施方式中的折合振子30的形态更简单,整体呈矩形架构,由直条形微带线连接构成。
本申请通过所述馈电结构40电连接在所述第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112之间,同时为所述折合振子30和所述渐变槽天线20馈电,以激励所述渐变槽天线30定向天线,及激励所述折合振子30为全向天线。
一种可能的实现方式中,所述渐变槽天线20的工作频率低于所述折合振子30的工作频率。所述折合振子30的工作频率的范围为:6G-7.125G;所述渐变槽天线20的工作频率的范围为:5.1G-5.9G。本实施方式提供的天线中的渐变槽天线20和折合振子30的工作频率范围不同,辐射不同的信号,提升了天线的适用范围,更突显其小型化的优势。
图6及图9-图13所示的各实施方式中,在所述第二方向A2上,所述折合振子30的最大尺寸小于等于所述渐变槽天线20的最大尺寸。本申请将天线在第二方向A2的最大尺寸限 定为折合振子30在第二方向A2上的延伸尺寸,将渐变槽天线20设置在折合振子30在第二方向A2上限定的尺寸范围内,有利于实现天线的小型化。
参阅图14,一种可能的实现方式中,所述天线还包括寄生单元50,所述寄生单元50位于所述渐变槽天线20远离所述折合振子30的一侧,用于提升所述渐变槽天线20的增益。具体而言,所述寄生单元50为偶极子天线,所述寄生单元50的延伸方向为所述第二方向A2。具体而言,寄生单元50呈直线状在第二方向A2上延伸,第二方向A2垂直于第一方向A1。寄生单元50以渐变槽24的中轴线C1为中心呈对称结构,寄生单元50的电长度小于宽口端242的电长度,可以理解为:寄生单元50在渐变槽天线20的开口端242的垂直投影位于开口端242的范围内,即寄生单元50的两端至渐变槽24的中轴线C1的垂直距离均小于开口端242的两端与渐变槽24的中轴线C1之间的垂直距离。
所述渐变槽天线20能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括高频段和低频段,所述寄生单元50用于对渐变槽天线20在所述低频段上的辐射电磁波进行增强,且所述寄生单元50用于对渐变槽天线20在所述高频段上的辐射电磁波进行反射。所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,所述寄生单元50的电长度小于等于所述渐变槽天线20在所述最低工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一,且大于所述渐变槽天线20在所述最高工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一,所述寄生单元50与所述宽口端242之间的间距为所述寄生单元50对所述渐变槽天线20的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
参阅图15,一种可能的实现方式中,所述寄生单元50的数量为至少两个(图15所示的实施方式包括三个寄生单元50),至少两个寄生单元50且沿着所述第一方向A1依次间隔布置,距离宽口端242最近的所述寄生单元50与所述宽口端242之间的间距D2为所述寄生单元50对所述渐变槽天线20的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一,相邻的所述寄生单元50之间的间距也可以为D2,即相邻的所述寄生单元50之间的间距也可以为所述寄生单元50对所述渐变槽天线20的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
本申请为了实现对渐变槽天线20在特定频段上的增益增强,使得渐变槽天线20的能量辐射具有更好的指向性,在第一方向A1上,增加寄生单元50,且通过对寄生单元50的电长度的设置,即其长度略小于特定频率所对应的半波长,从而达到电磁波的引向增强作用。具体而言,本申请主要按照低频增强增益设计,因此寄生单元50的长度和间距均参照渐变槽天线在低频段范围对应的工作波长。可以理解的是,在保持相同间距递进的条件下,当寄生单元50数量设置为多个时,引向作用可以增强。在高频段范围,由于寄生单元50电长度过长而充当反射寄生单元,从而使得单波束辐射变成在反方向下的多波束特征,最终使得整个渐变槽天线20在宽频带上高低频两个子频带上呈现不同的辐射效果,这个特性很好地匹配了目前WIFI频段对不同频谱的差异化应用需求。
概括而言,本申请提供的天线可以设置在介质板10的一个面上,如图6和图9-图15所示的各实施方式,渐变槽天线、折合振子及寄生单元均位于介质板10的同一面上。例如:渐变槽天线20和折合振子30设置在介质板10的正面,馈电结构40从介质板10背面的一侧穿过介质板10,其外导体42与第一枝节3111电连接,例如以焊接的方式电连接,内导体41与第二枝节3112电连接,具体而言,第一枝节3111和第一金属结构21互连为一体成为天线的地板,馈电结构40的外导体42通过电连接至第一枝节3111实现接地。第二枝节3112和第二金属结构22互连为一体,内导体41电连接至第二枝节3112,第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112的连接处形成馈电共面波导结构,通过馈电结构40对此馈电共面波导结构馈电。
其它可能的实现方式中,所述天线可以分布在所述介质板10的不同的面上。举例如下:以天线分布在介质板10的两个面上为例,参阅图16-图17、图18-图19及图20-图21,介质板10包括层叠设置的第一面S1和第二面S2。
如图16和图17所示,第二金属结构22、第二枝节3112、第二蜿蜒线34、部分寄生振子32和寄生单元50位于第一面S1上,第一金属结构21、第一枝节3111、第一蜿蜒线33及部分寄生振子32位于第二面S2上,位于第一面S1上的寄生振子32和位于第二面S2上的寄生振子32之间通过介质板10上的金属过孔电连接。
如图18和图19所示,寄生振子32位于第一面S1上,主振子31(包括第一枝节3111和第二枝节3112)、第一金属结构21和第二金属结构22及寄生单元50位于第二面S2上,寄生振子32和主振子31之间通过介质板10上的金属过孔电连接。
如图20和图21所示,折合振子30和渐变槽天线20位于第一面S1上,寄生单元50位于第二面S2上,本实施方式中,第一面S1和第二面S2之间无需电连接。
本申请还可以包括如下具体实施方式:例如:所述渐变槽天线位于第一面,所述折合振子位于第二面。可以理解的是,渐变槽天线和折合振子也可以分布在三层或更多层上。不共面的折合振子及渐变槽天线之间,若需要电连接,可以通过介质基板之间的金属过孔实现电连接。
本申请提供的渐变槽天线为具有宽带、高增益特性定向天线,增强高频段上天线辐射能力,例如,渐变槽天线可以在5G频段做覆盖,也可以在Sub7G频段做级联回传(级联回传主要是指设备间组网使用,一个设备到另一个设备的数据或者视频流量通过无线的方式传递给下一级网关)。图22为本申请一种实施方式提供的天线的S参数曲线图,从这个图可以看到本申请提供的天线有效带宽范围为:5.3G-7G。
图23示意性地表达了本申请一种实施方式提供的天线在四个不同的工作频率(分别为5.5G、5.9G、6.5G和7G)状态下的辐射方向图,其中用实线和虚线分别表达不同极化的辐射方向图,实线对应的方向图代表E平面方向图,虚线对应的方向图代表H平面方向图,E面是电场矢量方向与最大传播方向所在的平面,H面是磁场矢量方向与最大传播方向所在的平面,例如:E面XOZ面,H面是YOZ面。其中5.5G和5.9G两个频率状态下的辐射方向图代表渐变槽天线的辐射方向图,从辐射方向图可以看到在这两个频率的工作状态下,天线的定向增益效果较好。其中6.5G和7G两个频率的状态的辐射方向图代表折合振子、渐变槽天线以及具有反射电磁波作用的寄生单元共体作用下的辐射方向图,从辐射方向图可以看到,这两个频率的工作状态下,能实现宽角多波束特性,且与低频段上的辐射方向相反,能够实现向上向下无缝级联,本申请可以实现用高频大带宽模式做级联组网及回传。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种天线,其特征在于,包括渐变槽天线、折合振子和馈电结构;
    所述渐变槽天线包括第一金属结构和第二金属结构,所述第一金属结构和所述第二金属结构之间形成渐变槽,所述渐变槽的延伸方向为第一方向,所述渐变槽的两端分别为窄缝端和宽口端;
    所述折合振子的延伸方向为第二方向,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交,所述折合振子包括相对设置的主振子和寄生振子,所述主振子和所述寄生振子之间的区域构成所述折合振子的内部空间,所述主振子位于所述寄生振子和所述窄缝端之间,所述主振子包括在所述第二方向上间隔排列的第一枝节和第二枝节,所述第一枝节电连接至所述第一金属结构,所述第二枝节电连接至所述第二金属结构,以使所述折合振子的内部空间构成所述渐变槽天线的谐振槽;
    所述馈电结构电连接在所述第一枝节和第二枝节之间,同时为所述折合振子和所述渐变槽天线馈电,以激励所述渐变槽天线定向天线,及激励所述折合振子为全向天线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述渐变槽天线的工作频率低于所述折合振子的工作频率。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一枝节包括第一连接部,所述第一连接部与所述第一金属结构连接,所述第二枝节包括第二连接部,所述第二连接部与所述第二金属结构连接,在所述第一方向上,所述第一连接部延伸的尺寸大于所述第二连接部延伸的尺寸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一连接部设有通孔,所述馈电结构包括内导体和外导体,所述馈电结构穿过所述通孔,所述外导体电连接至所述第一连接部,所述内导体电连接至所述第二枝节。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一金属结构包括第一微带线和第一齿组,所述第一微带线包括面对所述渐变槽的第一边缘和背离所述渐变槽的第二边缘,所述第一齿组连接至所述第二边缘,且从所述第二边缘向远离所述第一边缘的方向延伸,所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的四分之一波长。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第二金属结构包括第二微带线和第二齿组,所述第二微带线包括面对所述渐变槽的第三边缘和背离所述渐变槽的第四边缘,所述第二齿组连接至所述第四边缘,且从所述第四边缘向远离所述第三边缘的方向延伸,所述第二齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的工作频率的四分之一波长;所述第一齿组和所述第二齿组对称分布在所述渐变槽的两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一齿组的数量和所述第二齿组的数量均为至少两个,至少两个所述第一齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第一齿组的长度越大,至少两个所述第二齿组不等长且间隔设置,距离所述宽口端越近的所述第二齿组的长度越大。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线,其特征在于,所述渐变槽天线能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,其中邻近所述窄缝端的所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最高工作频率的四分之一波长,邻近所述宽口端的 所述第一齿组的电长度为所述渐变槽天线的所述最低工作频率的四分之一波长。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的天线,其特征在于,所述第一齿组包括位于所述宽口端位置的第一梳齿,所述第二齿组包括位于所述宽口端位置的第二梳齿,所述第一梳齿背离所述第一微带线的端部与所述第二梳齿背离所述第二微带线的端部之间的距离为所述渐变槽天线工作频率的二分之一波长。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述主振子包括第一主体和分别位于所述第一主体两端的第一弯折段和第二弯折段,所述第一主体包括所述第一枝节和所述第二枝节,所述寄生振子包括第二主体和分别位于所述第二主体两端的第三弯折段和第四弯折段,所述折合振子还包括连接在所述第一弯折段和所述第三弯折段之间的第一蜿蜒线及连接在所述第二弯折段和所述第四弯折段之间的第二蜿蜒线,所述第一蜿蜒线和所述第二蜿蜒线相对设置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线,其特征在于,在所述第二方向上,所述折合振子的最大尺寸小于等于所述渐变槽天线的最大尺寸。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线还包括寄生单元,所述寄生单元位于所述渐变槽天线远离所述折合振子的一侧,用于提升所述渐变槽天线的增益。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线,其特征在于,所述寄生单元呈直条状,且延伸方向为第二方向。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的天线,其特征在于,所述渐变槽天线能够被激励工作在一个高频带宽内,所述高频带宽包括高频段和低频段,所述渐变槽天线工作在所述低频段状态时,所述寄生单元用于对渐变槽天线在所述低频段上的辐射电磁波进行增强;所述渐变槽天线工作在所述高频段状态时,所述寄生单元将对渐变槽天线在所述高频段上的辐射电磁波进行反射。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的天线,其特征在于,所述高频带宽包括最高工作频率和最低工作频率,所述寄生单元的电长度小于等于所述渐变槽天线在所述最低工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一,且大于所述渐变槽天线在所述最高工作频率上的辐射的电磁波的波长的二分之一。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的天线,其特征在于,所述寄生单元与所述宽口端之间的间距为所述寄生单元对所述渐变槽天线的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线,其特征在于,所述寄生单元的数量为至少两个,且沿着所述第一方向依次间隔布置,相邻的所述寄生单元之间的间距为所述寄生单元对所述渐变槽天线的有效作用频段上的电磁波的波长的四分之一。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的天线,其特征在于,所述天线包括用于承载所述渐变槽天线和所述折合振子的介质板,所述天线分布在所述介质板的同一层上;或者,所述天线分布在所述介质板的不同层上。
  19. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括射频电路和权利要求1-18任一项所述的天线,所述天线的所述馈电结构电连接至所述射频电路。
  20. 一种天线模组,其特征在于,包括支架和连接至所述支架的如权利要求1-18任一项所述的天线。
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