WO2022091083A1 - Vaccine - Google Patents
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- WO2022091083A1 WO2022091083A1 PCT/IL2021/051264 IL2021051264W WO2022091083A1 WO 2022091083 A1 WO2022091083 A1 WO 2022091083A1 IL 2021051264 W IL2021051264 W IL 2021051264W WO 2022091083 A1 WO2022091083 A1 WO 2022091083A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
- A61K39/21—Retroviridae, e.g. equine infectious anemia virus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
- A61K39/245—Herpetoviridae, e.g. herpes simplex virus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/01—Preparation of mutants without inserting foreign genetic material therein; Screening processes therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
- C12N2710/16611—Simplexvirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 1, 2
- C12N2710/16634—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
- C12N2710/16611—Simplexvirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 1, 2
- C12N2710/16651—Methods of production or purification of viral material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16051—Methods of production or purification of viral material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/20011—Coronaviridae
- C12N2770/20034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Definitions
- Viruses, bacteria and cells may change their molecular spatial structure or size or molecular composition according to temperature or humidity values.
- the immune response may change according to the size and shape of viruses, bacteria and cells antigens.
- Virus changes of structures and size according to temperature are reported for example, in Zhang, X. et al. pages 6795—6799, vol. 110, PNAS, (2013). This paper reports that Dengue virus structure has conformational transition when changing the temperature from that present in its mosquito vector of room temperature 28 °C to that of its human host of 37 °C: Artmann, G.M. et al. Eur Biophys J 33, pp. 490-496 (2004).
- Another paper analyzed data related to dsDNA viruses and different temperatures. The results indicate both dsDNA genome length (bp) and virion volume decreased exponentially with increasing temperature, by about 55-fold as the temperature of occurrence increases from 0 to 40°C. Both relationships were highly significant ( p , 0.001), with temperature explaining 47% and 40% of the variation in genome length and volume, respectively. Nifong RL, Gillooly JF, Biol. Lett. 12, (2016).
- Bacteria change their structures according to temperature.
- HbA Human hemoglobin A
- HbS hemoglobin S
- Virus, bacteria and cells change their immune responses according to their size or shape.
- antigen size is one of the important factors regulating the potency of humoral immune response induced by CTLA4 targeted DNA vaccines. Reducing antigen size increased the immunogenicity of antigen.
- Int Immunopharmacology, (2012) Another report states that size and shape of antigen affect the immune responses to said antigen, Bachmann, M et al, Nature Reviews Immunology 10, 787-796 (2010).
- VSV-G vesicular stomatitis virus serotype Indiana
- Viruses, bacteria andcells may change their molecular ingredients or their spatial structure or size or molecular structure or any combination of these according to the temperatures they are subjected to.
- One objective is to prepare from a group of viruses or cells such as bacteria, having essentially or approximately the same genetic sequence, subgroups of viruses or cells such as bacteria, with different sizes, shapes or genome lengths, or genetic sequence or any combination of these, by dividing said group to initial sub groups and applying on the initial sub-groups different temperatures values.
- One objective is to produce multiple variants of the same sub group of viruses or bacteria or cells for production of a mixture or set of vaccines, each intended for a single recipient. These variants are created by incubation of initial sub-groups at different temperatures and optionally also different other conditions.
- a method is provided for preparing viruses or bacteria or cells, modifications with different structure or sizes or multiplications of genetic sequences or mutations by applying on them different temperature values for supplying them for pharmaceutical or medical research and/or development.
- a method for preparing from an initial group of the same alive viruses, or cells such as bacteria, sub-groups of different alive variants, with the sub-groups characterized by the members having different sizes, mutations , shapes and/or multiplication of genetic sequences between the sub-groups, by dividing said initial group to subgroups and applying to the sub-groups of said same live viruses, cells or bacteria different temperature values.
- the different types of viruses or cells such as bacteria may be provided for biological or biotechnological applications. For example, but not limited to, development of antibiotics, probiotics, starter cultures, insecticides, enzymes, fuels, hormones, nucleic acid solvents or agriculture.
- mutation defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome, either DNA or RNA, of virus or bacteria or cell.
- variant defined as virus or bacteria or cell whose genome sequence differs from that of a reference virus or bacteria or cell respectively.
- strain defined as virus or bacteria or cell variant that possesses unique and stable phenotypic characteristics. It may referrer to the original species of virus or bacteria or cell as well.
- pathogen may include human or animals cells for example cancer cells or autoimmune disease cells.
- the described methods can begin with subgroups comprising the same alive viruses or bacteria or cell without preparing first a single initial group for distribution.
- Another objective is to prepare vaccines for viral or bacterial or cell diseases caused by other pathogens, for effective vaccines at different temperature values.
- temperatures in the vaccine preparation process may be similar to the temperatures the pathogen is subjected to outside the body or to the pathogen temperature inside the body.
- the vaccine for use can include a mixture of said vaccines that were prepared at different temperature values when said pathogen was live in each preparation or it can be a set of several vaccines each prepared at different temperatures values when said pathogen was alive and taken separately.
- the vaccine/s may provide enhanced immunity to said pathogen’s mutations or other differences caused by temperature changes inside or outside the body of an intended recipient of the vaccine/s
- a system for preparation of the enhanced vaccine/s described herein; the system may include a bioreactor, including at least one vessel that culture pathogens and/or host cells.
- a fixed temperature or varied temperature in time is set during the production process to be similar to the pathogen temperatures the pathogen may encounter in their natural environment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a bioreactor.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a process flow diagram of a continuous tubular bioreactor system.
- FIG. 3a is a schematic illustration of three separate vaccine preparation processes.
- FIG. 3b is a schematic illustration of a method for preparing a vaccine.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of several separate vaccine manufacturing apparatuses wherein their products are inserted into additional apparatus/es for the following stages in the vaccine preparation.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a vaccine manufacturing apparatus starting with three separate vaccine processes in three separate apparatuses that continue in a single apparatus.
- a method is provided of producing from sub-groups consisting of same variant of viruses or bacteria or cells or pathogens, sub-groups with different sizes, shapes, multiplications of genetic sequences or mutations by applying to each sub-group different temperatures in at least one stage of the vaccine preparation.
- a method is provided of producing a mixture of vaccines, wherein each vaccine is based on different mutations or other modifications of different sizes or spatial structures of said initial variant or strain.
- Each vaccine in the mixture is prepared by exposing the pathogens or cells to different temperature conditions in at least one stage of the vaccine preparation process.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a bioreactor embodiment for growing viruses or bacteria or cells.
- Vaccine pathogens in the active state may be stored and/or grown in the bioreactor.
- Virions can be grown on cells such as chicken embryos or cell lines that repeatedly reproduce.
- Bacteria can be grown in a bioreactor for bacterial vaccines.
- some antigens may be manufactured within bacteria or yeast.
- the bioreactor includes: 1. An engine regulator 2. engine 3. inoculum 4. carbon source 5. anti-foam 6. anti-foam controller 7. thermometer 8. air exhaust system with filter and condenser 9. sampler 10. water bath 11. temperature controller 12. air filters.
- Said bioreactors may also involve temperature probes, heat transfer system (jacket, coil). Heating may be provided by electric heaters and steam generated in boilers and cooling may be provided by cooling water produced by cooling towers or refrigerants such as ammonia.
- Said temperature controller 11 can be a chip that sets the temperature value, the period of time of each temperature or a program of temperature value variations over time. The chip may also control the electric heater and flow of the cooling water.
- Said system may include a humidity regulator for controlling the humidity value inside the containers and bioreactor . These temperatures values regulated by controller 11 are the temperatures values required to produce the different mutations of the pathogens.
- a pathogen or cell may be produced having a size, molecular structure and/or size structure similar to the pathogens in a specific environment.
- the pathogen growth stage in the vaccine production process may be done several separate times and may be done with other groups of said initial variant or strain , each with different temperature values to produce different pathogens or variants, each similar in structure to those that said intended recipients may encounter in certain weather conditions, or in certain places or at certain body temperatures.
- a following step in the vaccine process may be to extract the vaccine antigens.
- the vaccine type can be for example: inactivated bacteria or virus, and/or attenuated virus or bacteria or other cell, pathogens or antigens for: conjugate vaccines, bacterial vector-based vaccines, m- RNA vaccines, trained immunity-based vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, or pathogens for subunit vaccines.
- the antigens types can be for example but not limited to, different proteins, different RNA sequences, different DNA sequences, different protein spikes, different attenuated or inactivated viruses, different proteins spatial structures, pathogen subunits, toxins, polysaccharide, virus like particles, outer Mestraimbran vesicles, DNA plasmid or mRNA.
- the completed vaccine may be a mixture of these variants. Said mixture can be administered as a single vaccine or as several independent vaccines. As a matter of course, after said vaccine is inserted into the intended recipient’s body, the body generates antibodies.
- the vaccine generation method makes the immune system of said vaccine recipient generate different antibodies, T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes appropriate to vaccinating the body against the pathogen virus or bacteria or other cell, the pathogen having various spatial structures or molecular structures or mutations as they are expressed in different environments, different temperatures values, or at different body temperatures, making the vaccine more robust and more efficient.
- the body If the pathogens invade the immunized body, the body’s immune system is ready to respond to the different versions or variants of said virus or bacteria.
- the appropriate memory T-lymphocytes formed in said vaccination stage may detect this pathogen and B-lymphocytes may produce antibodies to attack said viruses or bacteria.
- the pathogen in the active state is exposed to different of temperature regimes, for each of said different preparations.
- the temperatures of the pathogens or hosts in active or attenuated state have different values at the same time in different regions of the growing or storing system. This can be accomplished for example, by dividing the space inside the bioreactor to capsules, each at a different cultivating temperature, or by creating a temperature gradient inside the bioreactor.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a process flow diagram of a continuous tubular bioreactor system 100’ which may be suitable for the preparation of the vaccines described herein.
- the system comprises a bioreactor system for influenza virus production.
- the system 100’ comprises a Styrofoam box with ice 101 containing a medium stock and a virus stock.
- the medium stock is fed in stream Fl and host cells and culture medium are in stream F2 and are combined in the 500 mL continuous stirred tank bioreactor (CSTR) 102 which is continuously stirred with a magnetic stirrer 103.
- CSTR continuous stirred tank bioreactor
- Both cells and culture medium and the virus stock, trypsin and culture medium are streamed F2, F3 respectively to the point of infection 104 where both streams are combined.
- the combined streams F4 are then combined with air, with or without CO2, stream F5, in the air injection port 105.
- the air injection port 105 produces a new stream of liquid and gas containing cells, virus, trypsin, air and culture medium F6.
- the combined stream F6 goes into a 211 mL tubular plug-flow bioreactor (PFBR) 106.
- the final stream 107, as output from the PFBR, is to a plug-flow bioreactor harvest which contains a combination of liquid and gas containing cells, virus, trypsin, air and culture medium.
- the system 100’ was built with a CSTR 102 and a coiled tubular plug-flow bioreactor (PFBR) 106 in series.
- the complete bioreactor system was installed inside a cultivation room. According to an embodiment the temperature in the bioreactors and the temperature in the cultivation room are set at different values similar to the different temperatures in which the active pathogen may be found in the world.
- the CSTR 102 was operated as a chemostat with a dilution rate of approx. 0.9xpmax.
- the PFBR 106 was constructed using a transparent silicone tube that was coiled around a PLEXIGLAS® XT tube of 20 cm internal diameter and 1 m height.
- the bio reactor containing the medium stock can be at room temperature.
- the process may repeat itself with different temperature values similar to different weather conditions or different body temperatures.
- Example of parameters that may be used in a similar bioreactor for producing viruses Example of parameters that may be used in a similar bioreactor for producing viruses.
- Bioreactor culture system a 10 m bioreactor and an in-line tangential flow filtration module is provided.
- the bioreactor is inoculated at a target seeding density of 2.0 x 10 cells/cm .
- Culture parameters are temperature of 35°C, pH of 7.2, and agitation was set to 250 RPM, with a working volume of 1.6L.
- An external heated media recirculation loop is connected to the bioreactor to support the high cell density.
- Vero cell line is cultured in a serum-free media.
- Cells are expanded using flat stock and cell factories at a seeding density between 1.0 and 1.5 x 10 cells/cm . Vessels are cultured at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Cells are passaged until a group of approximately 1.0- 2.0 x 10 9 total viable cells is achieved.
- cell monolayers are washed with IX Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline, to remove excess spent media followed by dissociation with TrypLE CTS Select. Centrifugation is performed to remove TrypLE, and the cells are resuspended in fresh medium. Cell counts are performed on a Vi-CELL XR Cell Viability Analyzer.
- VSVAG/LASVGP Vesicular stomatitis virus
- the recirculation loop is disconnected at the point of infection, to perform a batch mode infection.
- Each run is infected at a MOI (Multiplicity of Infection) of 0.05, and the infection process proceeds for 48-72 h.
- Harvest is initiated once cell counts are depleted on the sample strips. Infection of the flatstock vessels occurrs at the same time as the bioreactor is refilled, utilizing the same viral infection inoculum.
- Viral harvest- Bulk harvest is passed through a two-step depth filtration chain, Sartopure PP3 8 pm followed by a Sartopore 2 0.8/0.45 pm filter and collected into a secondary reservoir.
- the bulk harvest is concentrated 2-fold using a 100 kDa hallow-fiber TFF cartridge.
- Flatstock vessels are harvested at the same time as the bioreactor, with the bulk harvest clarified via centrifugation at 1000g for 10 min. Parameters are from Berrie et al, 3639-3645, Vaccine, 2020.
- a method and apparatus of the present invention include a system for preparing a vaccine said system comprise a cultivation container for group of pathogen virus or bacteria or cells of essentially the same variant or strain.
- said system comprise an element for heating or cooling or both.
- Said system comprise a temperature control element to set the temperature in the container and in by controlling the heating and cooling element. The temperature can be constant or varied in time.
- Said group is divided to several sub-group containing essentially the same variant. Wherein each said sub-group is cultivating in different temperature or different temperature variation in time. Result in different mutation or spatial structural change in each sub-group.
- cultivating said subgroups at different temperatures is realized by using the same system more than one time each time with other subgroup and different temperature parameters or using more than one of said system wherein the subgroup in each system or more is cultivating in different temperatures parameters.
- said system contains inside more than one unit, each unit cultivating said subgroups at different parameters.
- Another embodiment of the present invention related to said method and apparatus is the use of said modified subgroups variants to extract antigens for vaccines preparation. Wherein the complete vaccine is a mixture of vaccines prepared with said one or more antigens or a set or one or more vaccines each prepared with one or more of said antigen consuming by the same person.
- Another embodiment related to said method and apparatus is using said modified variants for biotechnology, pharma and medical applications
- Another embodiment is directed to vaccine manufacturing processes including collecting viruses or bacteria of the same type, for example, SARS-CoV-2 virus, from different places or different weather conditions.
- the viruses or bacteria or cell or other pathogens of the same type, from different places or different weather, may undergo different vaccine preparation process.
- the final vaccine is a mixture of the vaccines from said different processes or a set of vaccines of said different processes administrated separately.
- Another embodiment comprises a virus inactivating and preserving step including for example use of P-propiolactone, which has the advantages that proteins are not damaged, and the inactivating agent is completely hydrolyzed within hours to non-toxic products.
- FIG. 3a is a schematic illustration of a system 200’ comprising three separate vaccine preparation processes.
- the system 200’ comprises a container 30 for the pathogen viruses or bacteria, wherein said viruses or bacteria are stored or incubated.
- this system 200’ comprises a climate control system 40 that includes a heating or cooling element or both and may also comprise a humidity controller.
- the temperature can be constant or varied in time.
- the controller 40 is used to control temperatures the live viruses or bacteria in container 30 are exposed to.
- the method used in the system 200’ may include the stage of inactivating or attenuating the viruses or bacteria and may include the preservation process of said inactivated or attenuated viruses or bacteria.
- said pathogen temperatures in the live state may be determined according to the possible environments or body temperatures said pathogen could occur at.
- Block 50 includes all the other stages in vaccine preparation process after incubation.
- An additional climate control system 55 is associated with block 50 that represents determining the temperature values during the preservation.
- the vaccine product 60 results from this process.
- the process 200 described above may be repeated several times, each time with another batch of live viruses or bacteria 30 that is exposed to different temperature values in each cycle, resulting in different virus or bacteria modifications in each cycle and different vaccine products 60, 61 and 62.
- the final vaccine may contain the products of all three vaccine products 60-62.
- Figure 3b is a schematic illustration of another system 300 for preparing a vaccine.
- the system 300 comprises several independent systems wherein each exposes the live viruses or bacteria in the production process to different temperature or temperature variations, at least until these viruses or bacteria are inactivated or attenuated.
- the usage of different temperatures may produce a number of modifications of the same virus or bacteria or cells variants while using the same starter (primer) modification of the virus.
- the system 300 includes providing a plurality of independent systems 65, 67 represented for simplicity’s sake as two similar systems using different temperatures for producing a vaccine product.
- Each system 65, 67 is associated with a container 70, 90 respectively for the pathogen viruses or bacteria, wherein the live viruses or bacteria are stored or incubated.
- Systems 65, 67 comprise a climate control system 75, 92 respectively that includes a heating or cooling element or both and may comprise a humidity control as well.
- the temperature can be constant or varied in time.
- Systems 75,92 respectively control the temperature the live viruses or bacteria are exposed to in containers 70, 90 respectively.
- Operating the system 300 may include a stage of inactivating or attenuating the viruses or bacteria and the system 300 may include the process components for preservation of said inactivated or attenuated viruses or bacteria.
- said pathogen temperature in the live state is determined according to the possible environment or body temperature of said pathogen as it could occur at some place in the world.
- a system that contains four separate independent systems similar to the system described above.
- the culture temperature is 35°C.
- the culture temperature is 36°C.
- the culture temperature is 37°C.
- the culture temperature is 37.5°C.
- Each of the viral harvest reservoirs from said four subsystems is an independent supply for the following stages of vaccine production which can be by any type of vaccine production method.
- the four final products of vaccines produced may be mixed together and optionally subsequently divided into treatment vaccine doses.
- All the following stages in vaccine preparation process are represented in blocks 80, 94 respectively. Additional climate control systems 85, 96 respectively determine the temperature values in preservation components 80, 94 respectively.
- the vaccine products 87, 98 respectively result from this process .
- the complete vaccine may contain the products 87, 98 of all said systems 65, 67.
- Each dose of the vaccine may include some or all of the different products.
- Fig.3b is an illustration which is a non-limiting example.
- FIG 4 is a schematic illustration of several separate vaccine manufacturing apparatuses wherein their products are inserted to additional apparatus for the following stages in the vaccine preparation.
- An apparatus 1000’ for vaccine preparation includes several independent systems for incubating live viruses or bacteria or cells. Each of these separate systems 1001,1002,1003 keep the viruses or bacteria in the active stage at different temperatures Tl, T2, T3 respectively and humidity values Hl, H2, H3 respectively. These separate systems maintain the temperature and humidity values after the described live viruses or bacteria are inactivated or undergo additional process stages. The combination of all three- virus productions moves to an additional system 1004.
- the additional system 1004 includes the next stages of the vaccine preparations. Three different modifications that were saved and incubated in the systems 1001, 1002, 1003 are combined in order to produce the final vaccine in a system 1004.
- This system 1000’ may be used for creating new modification or mutations from one starter modification by exposing it to different temperatures during the growth and forming of the vaccine products.
- the system 1000’ combines the vaccine products into one vaccine, which causes the body to be vaccinated against the virus at different temperatures of the environment or of the body, thereby increasing the efficacy of the vaccine.
- the presented method and system 1000’ may also cause the body to be vaccinated against future modifications that will be formed due to temperature and season changes.
- Figure 5 shows an apparatus 2000’ for vaccine preparation that includes three elements for incubating live vaccines or bacteria or cells 2002, 2003, 2004.
- Each of the three incubating elements 2002, 2003, 2004 includes climate control elements 2005, 2006, 2007 respectively.
- the climate control elements 2005, 2006, 2007 keep the viruses or bacteria or cells in the active stage at different temperatures values.
- Another embodiment is a conjugate vaccine/s that comprises one or more parts and/or a DNA vaccine that comprises one or more parts, and/or nanoparticle vaccine/s or non-replicating viral vector vaccine/s, replication-incompetent vector/s, replication-competent vector/s or inactivated vaccine/s (formalin with alum adjuvant) or protein subunit vaccine/s, that comprise one or more parts, or vector-based m-RNA vaccines that comprise one or more parts, and/or inactivated virus/es that may comprise one or more parts, and/or trained immunity-based vaccine/s that comprise one or more parts.
- the pathogen virus or bacteria or cell in the active state is incubated at a different temperature or temperature variation in time or a combination of the above.
- Said vaccine preparation includes a system for setting the temperature of the pathogen bacteria or viruses in the active state. Said system is set to different temperatures or temperature timelines in each of said partial preparations. Said different temperature values are similar to the pathogen temperatures values at different places or at different times or for different bodies.
- said time varied temperature in the cultivation of virus, bactria or cell variants is divided to two consecutive temperatures values. Said two temperature values is similar to two different environments or body temperatures.
- the described apparatus may include a container or storage device for storing the viruses or bacteria.
- the container may contain a culture for these viruses or bacteria. Adjacent to said container there may be a climate system for keeping said virus or bacteria at the same temperature as at the place from it was taken
- DNA vaccines are based on plasmid DNA that can be produced at large scale in bacteria. Typically, these plasmids contain mammalian expression promoters and the gene that encodes the spike protein, which is expressed in the vaccinated individual upon delivery.
- the vaccine incorporates several modifications of the spike protein, each taken separately from COVID- 19 viruses at different temperature values while they were in the active state and kept at these temperatures values until the viruses are inactivated. Said different temperature values may be similar to different weather conditions or different body temperatures.
- the vaccine may include all of said samples. The great advantage of these technologies is the possibility of large-scale production as well as the high stability of plasmid DNA. However, DNA vaccines often show low immunogenicity, and have to be administered via delivery devices to make them efficient. This requires providing delivery devices, such as electroporators.
- Another embodiment refers to replication-incompetent vectors, which are typically based on another virus that has been engineered to express the spike protein and has been disabled from replication in vivo by the deletion of parts of its genome.
- the vaccine preparation may involve using several modifications of the spike protein, each taken separately from COVID- 19 viruses at different temperature values while they were in the active state. These different temperatures are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- the vaccine may include all of the samples.
- the majority of these approaches are based on adenovirus (AdV) vectors. The majority of these vectors are delivered intramuscularly, enter the cells of the vaccinated individual and then express the spike protein, to which the host immune system responds.
- AdV adenovirus
- Another embodiment refers to replication-competent vectors that are typically derived from attenuated or vaccine strains of viruses that have been engineered to express a transgene, in this case the spike protein.
- a transgene in this case the spike protein.
- animal viruses that do not replicate efficiently and cause no disease in humans are used as well.
- This approach can result in a more robust induction of immunity, because the vector is propagating to some extent in the vaccinated individual and often also triggers a strong innate immune response.
- Some of these vectors can also be administered through mucosal surfaces, which might trigger mucosal immune responses.
- the vaccine uses several modifications of the spike protein, each taken separately from COVID-19 viruses held at different temperature values while they are in the active state. Said different temperatures values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- recombinant protein vaccine in particular for COVID- 19 viruses is described in this embodiment.
- the recombinant protein vaccine uses a part of the whole protein or a protein fragment thereof such as the RBD or fusion of RBD with a carrier protein as the antigen.
- said protein or fragment of protein are sampled from COVID-19 viruses that were subject to different temperatures values while in the active state, similar to temperatures in different weather conditions or to different body temperatures.
- the present vaccine embodiment may include all said processes’ products of different samples.
- said different antigen proteins may be digested in the endosome, while a small fraction of the digested fragments is trimmed and presented to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules, triggering downstream immune responses andthereby generating body immunity against COVID-19 at different weather conditions and body temperatures.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- the recombinant protein vaccines often require an adjuvant in the formulation to increase the immunogenicity, for example, Matrix-M.
- Live attenuated vaccines are produced by generating a genetically weakened version of the virus that replicates to a limited extent, causing no disease but inducing immune responses that are similar to that induced by natural infection. Attenuation can be achieved by adapting the virus to unfavourable conditions for example, growth in non-human cells or by rational modification of the virus (for example, by codon de-optimization or by deleting genes that are responsible for counteracting innate immune recognition). This process may be repeated separately with COVID-19 viruses at different temperature values while they are in the active state. Said different temperatures values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- the vaccine may include all of said processes products.
- An important advantage of these vaccines is that they can be given intranasally, after which they induce mucosal immune responses that can protect the upper respiratory tract, the major entry portal of the virus.
- the immune response is likely to target both structural and non-structural viral proteins by way of antibodies and cellular immune responses .
- a specific non limiting example of the present invention is its use in COVID -19 virus Messenger RNA Vaccine produced via chemical. Since antigen expression from mRNA is a transient process, the risk of host DNA integration is negligible. The elimination of using live materials is an advantage from a quality control standpoint and allows quick product switching in manufacturing facilities.
- lipid nanoparticles are often used to incorporate the mRNA molecules for transfection purposes.
- the vaccine use several modifications of said mRNA molecules each was replicated or taken separately from COVID-19 viruses that were in different temperatures and or humidity values while they were in the active state in the vaccine preparation. Said different temperatures and or humidity values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- a typical LNP formulation consists of an RNA condensing lipid to form a complex with the mRNA molecule, helper lipids to provide the structural rigidity, and lipidized polymer coating to modify the surface properties of the particles.
- LNP- encapsulated mRNA vaccine encodes the S protein, given as two doses by intramuscular (IM) injection.
- IM intramuscular
- several variation of the S protein are encoded each is similar to S protein of live COVID-19 virus at different weather conditions or blood temperature.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is its use in viral vector-based vaccines, where the antigen is cloned into a viral vector that lacks the ability to reproduce.
- Common vectors include lentivirus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV).
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- the viral vector imitates viral infection disease state and therefore can produce stronger cellular immune responses.
- this process repeated on antigens in different temperatures and or humidity values while they are in the active state. Said different temperatures and or humidity values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- said antigen is COVID- 19.
- the vaccine includes all said processes products.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is its use in CO VID -19 bacterial vectorbased vaccines.
- the non-pathogenic lactic acid bacteria Where the antigen is from CO VID -19.
- this process repeated on antigens in different temperatures and or humidity values while in they are in the active state. Said different temperatures and or humidity values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures.
- said antigen is COVID- 19.
- the vaccine includes all said processes products.
- COVID -19 inactivated vaccines may be produced by growing COVID- 19 in cell culture, usually on Vero cells. In the present embodiment this process is repeated separately on COVID- 19 viruses at different temperatures values while they are in the active state. Said different temperatures values are similar to different weather conditions or body temperatures at which said viruses can be found. The incubation is followed by chemical inactivation of the virus.
- the vaccine may include all of said processes products. They can be produced relatively easily; however, their yield could be limited by the productivity of the virus in cell culture and the requirement for production facilities to be at biosafety level 3.
- These vaccines are usually administered intramuscularly and can contain alum (aluminum hydroxide) or other adjuvants. Because the whole virus is presented to the immune system, immune responses are likely to target not only the spike protein of COVID-19 but also the matrix, envelope and nucleoprotein.
- Another embodiment involves generating the pathogen with different desirable sizes and molecular structures that are similar to the pathogen in virus or bacteria, in active state, in different environments, by exposing the virus or bacteria to one or more of these options: electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic waves or radiation, ultra sound, chemical substrate and chemical ingredients.
- a specific non limiting example for definition of same temperature or humidity values may be no more than 25 °C difference in temperature less than 70 percent difference in humidity value.
- a specific non limiting example for definition of same variant may be variants of less than 15 percent difference in their unrepeated genetic sequence.
- Another embodiment is directed to a method and apparatus for designing COVID- 19 detectors.
- Said detectors comprise means to detect COVID- 19.
- a detector will be trained to detect and adjust to different strains of COVID-19 viruses or parts of COVID-19 viruses that while at active state occur at different temperatures, making said detection apparatus able to detect different structured COVID-19 virions that are similar to the different versions of COVID-19 found at different weathers conditions.
- This apparatus can be realized for example by said detector being trained on COVID-19 contained in a culture, with the COVID-19 temperature set by an adjacent heating element.
- a specific non limiting example is the use of the described method is the use for preparing vaccines for cancer diseases, which are effective in different temperatures values.
- preparations of vaccine where the antigen or pathogen that vaccinates the body against cancer have different temperature at each vaccine preparation process.
- said antigen temperatures in the vaccine preparation process may be similar to the temperature outside the body or the temperature inside the body.
- the vaccine can consist of a mixture of said vaccines that were prepared at different temperatures values on each preparation or it can be a set of several vaccines each prepared at different temperatures values and taken separately.
- the antigen changes its confirmation, size or structure according to the temperature values. Preparing the vaccines at different temperature values result in a vaccine that contains different antigens that appropriate to different body or environment temperatures which result in, people that are immune to cancer at different body and environment temperatures values, which is not necessary the case at casual vaccine preparation.
- An additional option is preparing vaccine/s produced from collected viruses or bacteria from environments with different temperature values and keeping the viruses or bacteria at said values at least till they are inactivated or attenuated in the vaccine production process.
- Herpes simplex virus HSV Sub unit vaccine preparation process Another specific non limiting example is the use of the described method in Herpes simplex virus HSV Sub unit vaccine preparation process.
- the HSV virus while in live or active state are exposed to different temperatures in the bioreactor by putting the viruses in different independent units inside the bioreactor, each unit has different temperature at the end of the independent stages their products are gathered together. Additional option is by repeating the vaccine production process several times, each time with other viruses exposed to a different temperature.
- An additional option is collecting live HSV viruses from different places or seasons with different weather conditions, and placing each sample in a different cycle or a different bioreactor unit in the bioreactor, exposing it to the same temperature as it was collected.
- An additional option is that said viruses are kept at said temperature conditions in the vaccine process until said viruses are inactivated and preserved by a preservation method that keeps them in the same structure regardless of the change in their temperature.
- the subunit HSV vaccines are mainly glycoprotein mixes purified on lectins (e.g., lentil lectin) showing high affinity to the HSV virion envelope antigens.
- the dominant protective antigens among the 11 HSV glycoproteins are gB and gD, which possess important immunogenic epitopes.
- glycoproteins elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies, antibodies participating in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) response, and they also activate the T lymphocytes.
- ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic
- the subunit HSV-1 vaccine strain HSZP Immuno
- the infected cell extract may be purified on lentil lectin to obtain a glycoprotein mix containing at least four envelope glycoproteins (gB, gC, gD and gG).
- This subunit vaccine may be immunogenic and protective in mice as well as rabbits and show at least partial cross protection in the HSV-2-challenged guinea pigs infected by the vaginal route. All products of the process preparation cycles are gathered to the complete vaccine.
- a specific non limiting example is the use of the described method is for producing vaccines for animals.
- a specific non limiting example is for farm animals, a salmonella virus vaccine preparation process.
- Salmonella viruses may be grown separately on salmonella shigella agar for 24 hr at a different temperature for each vaccine preparation cycle. Said preparation cycle temperatures are temperatures the salmonella virus is found at in different places or at different seasons or similar to different body temperatures of farm animals. Then separate colonies may be inoculated in tryptase soya broth in a gradual quantity and incubated for 24 hr at the same temperature.
- Bacteria may be concentrated by centrifugation and the separate final suspension from each prepared and the count adjusted lOe CFU/final dose. Inactivation may be performed under stimming with formaldehyde solution 37%o in a 0.2o/o of final concentration. The inactivated cultures can be neutralized with sodium metabisulfite. The inactivated Salmonella strains are gently and thoroughly mixed . This watery phase of the vaccine is then emulsified in an oily phase (Mineral oil adjuvant (Extra white oil) + span 80). Thiomersal is added as a preservative in a concentration of 0.05mg /liter. All products of the process preparation cycles are gathered to the complete vaccine. It is understood that anything referred to hereinin single form applies in plural as well.
- the virus active or live state refer to the virus state where the virus can replicate or reproduce. It is understood that anything referred herein as body temperature may be any temperature in the range between 32-42 Celsius.
- weather or environment temperature may be any temperature in the range between (-)20 and 56 Celsius.
- Another embodiment comprises a container with a temperature a regulating system for producing from the same viruses, bacteria, cells or proteins different spatial stractures or mutations of said viruses, bacteria, cells or proteins respectively dependent on the temperature inside the container.
- a temperature a regulating system for producing from the same viruses, bacteria, cells or proteins different spatial stractures or mutations of said viruses, bacteria, cells or proteins respectively dependent on the temperature inside the container.
- Additional embodiment is a method for cancer’s vaccine preparation or development. The method is a collection of different vaccine's preparations wherein each vaccine preparation the antigen host cell and or the cell that should become immune to the antigen is at different temperature values similar to the possible temperature values inside a human body or external environment.
- preparations of vaccine where the antigen or pathogen that vaccinates the body against HIV have different temperature at each vaccine preparation process.
- said antigen temperatures in the vaccine preparation process may be similar to the temperature outside the body or the temperature inside the body.
- the vaccine can consist of a mixture of said vaccines that were prepared at different temperatures on each preparation or it can be a set of several vaccines each prepared at different temperatures values and taken separately.
- the said antigen changed its confirmation, size or structure according to the temperature values is at.
- Preparing the vaccines at different temperature values result in a vaccine that contains different antigens that appropriate to different body or environment temperatures which result in, people that are immune to HIV at different body and environment temperatures values, which is not necessary the case at casual vaccine preparation.
- a specific non limiting example of the use of described method is for HIV’s vaccine preparation or development.
- the method is a collection of different vaccine's preparations wherein each vaccine preparation the antigen host cell and or the cell that should become immune to the antigen is at different temperature values similar to the possible temperature values inside a human body or external environment.
- each vaccine preparation the antigen host cell and or the cell that should become immune to the antigen is at different temperature values similar to the possible temperature values inside a human body or external environment.
- the human body is exposed to. Because different temperature cause said cells to have different structures or confirmations thereby required different structure variations if the antigen for optimized immune response.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is manufacturing a vaccine for the same type of virus or bacteria pathogen.
- the vaccine preparations include viruses or bacteria pathogens that has different spatial and or molecular structures. Similar to said pathogen different spatial and or molecular structures in different weather conditions or different body temperatures. Wherein said different structures are achieved by setting the parameters of the: temperature, humidity, electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or chemical nutrition, host molecular structure , host spatial structure or any selection of these, in the vaccine preparation process. For manufacture pathogens similar in spatial and structural sizes to those of said pathogen at different weather conditions or different body temperatures.
- Another embodiment is a method of producing a vaccine by the methods and apparatuses described in the previous embodiments, where the different pathogens included in the vaccine are based on the different vaccine's virus or bacteria modifications that can appear in a selected country or area only.
- the purpose of this method is reducing the number of different pathogens in the vaccine. For example, selecting a virus or bacteria modifications that can be found in Mexico at different times of the year.
- Adverse vaccine reactions in pets Anthrax vaccines, Brucellosis vaccine, CircoFLEX, Clostridial vaccine, DA2PPC vaccine, Eastern equine encephalitis, Equine influenza, Leishmaniasis vaccine, Rabies vaccine Virus-Serum-Toxin Act West Nile fever tetanus pertussis (whooping cough) poliomyelitis (polio) measles rubella haemophilus influenzae type b infections, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococcal infections cholera*hepatitis
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus Cariogram* Carrion's disease*CC398‘ Centor criteria
- Chlamydia research Chlamydia suis* Cholera outbreaks and pandemics* Chronic bacterial prostatitis* Chronic recurrent ultifocal osteomyelitis* Combined periodontic- endodontic lesions* Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia* Copper-silver ionization •
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| US18/033,809 US20230407269A1 (en) | 2020-10-27 | 2021-10-26 | Vaccine |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| NIFONG RACHEL L., GILLOOLY JAMES F.: "Temperature effects on virion volume and genome length in dsDNA viruses", BIOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 12, no. 3, 1 March 2016 (2016-03-01), pages 1 - 4, XP055925163, ISSN: 1744-9561, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0023 * |
| See also references of EP4284423A4 * |
| THALEN, M. ; VENEMA, M. ; VAN DEN IJSSEL, J. ; BERWALD, L. ; BEUVERY, C. ; MARTENS, D. ; TRAMPER, J.: "Effect of relevant culture parameters on Pertussis Toxin expression by Bordetella pertussis", BIOLOGICALS, vol. 34, no. 3, 1 September 2006 (2006-09-01), GB , pages 213 - 220, XP024908292, ISSN: 1045-1056, DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.11.002 * |
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| EP4284423A1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
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