WO2022094777A1 - 太阳能利用装置 - Google Patents

太阳能利用装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022094777A1
WO2022094777A1 PCT/CN2020/126348 CN2020126348W WO2022094777A1 WO 2022094777 A1 WO2022094777 A1 WO 2022094777A1 CN 2020126348 W CN2020126348 W CN 2020126348W WO 2022094777 A1 WO2022094777 A1 WO 2022094777A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
energy utilization
liquid
sunlight
light energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/126348
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡笑平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bolymedia Holdings Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Bolymedia Holdings Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bolymedia Holdings Co Ltd filed Critical Bolymedia Holdings Co Ltd
Priority to EP20960240.8A priority Critical patent/EP4239879A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/126348 priority patent/WO2022094777A1/zh
Priority to CN202080106944.0A priority patent/CN116438736A/zh
Priority to JP2023525539A priority patent/JP7667268B2/ja
Priority to US18/034,888 priority patent/US20230412121A1/en
Publication of WO2022094777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022094777A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/83—Other shapes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a light energy conversion and utilization device.
  • This application mainly provides a novel solar energy utilization device to demonstrate a new solar energy utilization structure.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a solar energy utilization device, comprising:
  • a light energy utilization device the light energy utilization device has a light energy utilization part capable of receiving, converting and utilizing sunlight;
  • the liquid concentrating device is filled with transparent liquid
  • the liquid condensing device has at least one light receptor capable of transmitting sunlight into the transparent liquid and the incident light receiving body.
  • a reflector that reflects sunlight wherein the transparent liquid is in contact with a light receiver, and the sunlight emitted from the transparent liquid to the light receiver in the liquid concentrating device forms a phenomenon of total reflection, so that the solar light is reflected. The light is focused on the light energy utilization portion of the light energy utilization device.
  • the liquid light concentrating device has a light concentrator, the light concentrator is made of a light-transmitting material, the light energy utilization part is located outside the light concentrator, and the liquid concentrator is used for light concentrating.
  • the sunlight is condensed toward the concentrator to enter the light energy utilization part.
  • the liquid light concentrating device has a light concentrator
  • the light energy utilization part is a part of the liquid light condensing device
  • the outer wall of the light energy utilization part is the light concentrator
  • At least a part of the reflecting surface of the reflector and the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving body form an acute angle, and the acute angle is less than or equal to 40°.
  • the liquid light concentrating device has a closed cavity, the cavity wall of the closed cavity includes the light receiver, the reflector and the light concentrator, and at least part of the closed cavity is filled with the Transparent liquid.
  • the reflector is a flat plate, a curved plate body or a folded plate body.
  • the light receiver and the reflector are both inclined flat plates
  • the light collector is located below the light receiver and the reflector
  • the upper ends of the light receiver and the reflector are connected to each other
  • the light receiver and the reflector are connected to each other. Both ends of the light collector are respectively connected to the lower ends of the light receiver and the reflector.
  • the light-receiving body is a curved panel body
  • the light-concentrating body is located at one end of the light-receiving body in the axial direction
  • the reflector is a folding plate body
  • the light-receiving body is at the other end in the axial direction.
  • the light receiver is arranged obliquely so that one end of the light receiver connected to the light collector is lower than the other end of the light receiver.
  • the liquid light-concentrating device includes a light-guiding member, and the light-guiding member is placed in the transparent liquid, which concentrates the sunlight toward the light energy utilization device.
  • the liquid concentrating device includes at least one transparent hollow body, the transparent hollow body is a closed structure or communicated with the atmospheric environment, and a part of the wall of the transparent hollow body and the reflector are attached or integrated into a structure. , so as to reflect the incoming sunlight; part of the wall of the transparent hollow body is in contact with the transparent liquid, so as to transmit the sunlight or play a total reflection effect on the sunlight.
  • a part of the wall of the transparent hollow body is in close contact with the light guide member or has an integrated structure with the light guide member, so as to direct the sunlight to the light energy utilization device through reflection. converge.
  • liquid concentrating devices there are at least two liquid concentrating devices, and the liquid concentrating devices are distributed on the same side of the light energy utilization device, so as to condense the sunlight to the same light energy utilization device. or, the liquid concentrating devices are distributed on different sides of the light energy utilization device, so as to concentrate the sunlight on the light energy utilization parts on different sides of the light energy utilization device .
  • the liquid light-concentrating device includes a first liquid light-concentrating device and a second liquid light-concentrating device, and the light energy utilization part is a first light energy utilization part and a second light energy utilization part which are arranged away from each other. part, the first liquid concentrating device condenses the sunlight to the first light energy utilization part, and the second liquid concentrating device condenses the sunlight to the second light energy utilization part superior.
  • the first light energy utilization part is arranged upward
  • the second light energy utilization part is arranged downward
  • the first liquid concentrating device is located above the first light energy utilization part, so
  • the second liquid condensing device is located below the second light energy utilization part, and the light receivers of the first liquid condensing device and the second liquid concentrating device are arranged toward the same side.
  • the light receivers of the first liquid light concentrating device and the second liquid light concentrating device are arranged vertically; the reflector of the second liquid light concentrating device has a first A reflector and a second reflector located below the light receiver, the second reflector is inclined rearward and downward from the lower end of the light receiver.
  • the light-receiving area of the light-receiving body of the first liquid light concentrating device is larger than the light-receiving area of the light-receiving body of the second liquid light concentrating device.
  • At least two of the liquid light concentrating devices communicate with each other to form the same sealed cavity, and the liquid light concentrating devices guide the sunlight to the same side or the same side of the light energy utilization device. on the light energy utilization parts on different sides.
  • two adjacent liquid light concentrating devices are arranged on the same side of the light energy utilization device in the horizontal direction, and the transparent liquids of the two adjacent liquid light concentrating devices are communicated to form a liquid concentrating device.
  • Light device group, the light receivers of the two adjacent liquid light concentrating devices are connected to each other, and the cross-section of the joint is V-shaped, and each of the liquid light concentrating device groups condenses the sunlight to the same light energy utilization part superior.
  • the light energy utilization part is a first light energy utilization part and a second light energy utilization part which are arranged away from each other
  • the liquid light concentrating device group is at least two, which are respectively the first liquid concentrator and the second light energy utilization part.
  • the light energy utilization device is arranged vertically, the first liquid concentrating device group and the second liquid concentrating device group are distributed in an X shape, and the first liquid concentrating device group and the second liquid concentrating device group are arranged in an X shape.
  • the upper end of the liquid concentrating device group forms a cavity with an upper opening.
  • the upper end of the light energy utilization device protrudes into the cavity, and a part of the upper ends of the first light energy utilization part and the second light energy utilization part is located in the cavity,
  • the opening of the cavity is covered with a transparent closing cover, the cavity is formed into a second closed cavity, the second closed cavity is filled with transparent liquid, and the sunlight is transmitted from the transparent closing cover to the transparent In the liquid, at least part of the cavity wall of the cavity is a reflective surface, so as to concentrate the sunlight toward the first light energy utilization part and the second light energy utilization part.
  • an external reflection device is further included, and the external reflection device is arranged on the outer side of the light energy utilization device and the liquid concentrating device, and the external reflection device has a reflection surface, so as to direct the sunlight to all parts.
  • the light energy utilization device and the liquid concentrating device are converged, and the external reflection device has a concave structure or a Fresnel lens reflection surface.
  • the transparent liquid includes water or an antifreeze transparent liquid.
  • a bottom groove is also provided at the bottom of the liquid light concentrating device, which forms a closed cavity with the bottom of the liquid light concentrating device, and the closed cavity is empty or provided with a bottom groove. second liquid.
  • the solar energy utilization device includes a light energy utilization device and at least one liquid concentrating device.
  • the liquid condensing device is filled with transparent liquid.
  • the liquid condensing device has at least one photoreceptor capable of transmitting sunlight into the transparent liquid and a reflector reflecting the incident sunlight.
  • the sunlight emitted from the transparent liquid to the light receiver in the liquid concentrating device forms a phenomenon of total reflection, so as to prevent the sunlight from being refracted from the light receiver after being reflected by the reflector into the transparent liquid, making more sunlight Concentrate on the light energy utilization part of the light energy utilization device to improve the light condensing efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a solar energy utilization device in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the solar energy utilization device in the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar energy utilization device in the third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar energy utilization device in the fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar energy utilization device in the fifth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar energy utilization device in the sixth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar energy utilization device in the seventh embodiment of the present application.
  • connection and “connection” mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (connections).
  • This embodiment provides a solar energy utilization device, which is used for receiving and utilizing sunlight for energy conversion, and converting the sunlight into electrical energy, thermal energy and other forms of energy for people to use.
  • the solar energy utilization device shown in this embodiment includes a light energy utilization device and at least one liquid concentrating device.
  • This light energy utilization device has a light energy utilization part capable of receiving, converting and utilizing sunlight.
  • the light energy utilization part may be one or more of a photovoltaic panel, a photothermal utilization device, a photoelectric and thermal energy comprehensive utilization device, and a concentrating light energy utilization device.
  • the photovoltaic panel generally refers to any device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy, including various semiconductor photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic thin films, quantum dot photoelectric conversion devices, and the like.
  • the light energy utilization part may also be other forms of sunlight utilization conversion structures.
  • the liquid concentrating device is filled with transparent liquid, and sunlight can pass through the transparent liquid.
  • the liquid light-concentrating device may have a casing capable of enclosing a sealed cavity, and the transparent liquid may be directly filled in the sealed cavity enclosed by the casing.
  • the transparent liquid can also be filled in a liquid container located in the sealed cavity.
  • the liquid container can be enclosed by a separate wall, or can share part of the wall with the shell.
  • the liquid concentrating device has at least one light receiver capable of transmitting sunlight into the transparent liquid and a reflector reflecting the incident sunlight.
  • the light-receiving body is made of light-transmitting material and is in contact with the transparent liquid, and the light-receiving body can be used as a part of the liquid container to store the transparent liquid.
  • This solar energy utilization device is usually installed so that the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving body faces the sun, and sunlight can be projected from the light-receiving surface to the transparent liquid in the liquid concentrating device.
  • the sunlight entering the transparent liquid passes through the transparent liquid, and part of the sunlight enters the reflector and is reflected by the reflector into the transparent liquid.
  • the structure of the liquid concentrating device is set as follows: the sunlight emitted from the transparent liquid to the light receiver forms a phenomenon of total internal reflection (or total internal reflection), that is, the sunlight reflected into the transparent liquid does not or most of the sunlight Instead of being emitted from the light-receiving surface, it continues to propagate in the liquid condensing device under the action of total reflection, and finally collects on the light energy utilization part.
  • the light that is totally reflected mainly comes from the light reflected by the reflector, but the light may be totally reflected and reused in the entire traveling optical path in the liquid concentrator.
  • the transparent liquid is used as the light transmission medium, and the contact between the transparent liquid and the light-receiving body and the difference in the refractive index between the light-receiving body and the outside air are used to form a phenomenon of total reflection, which can avoid the sunlight that is transmitted by the light surface. After the light is reflected by the reflector into the transparent liquid, it is refracted from the light-receiving body, so that more sunlight is concentrated on the light energy utilization part of the light energy utilization device, and the light concentration efficiency is improved.
  • the light receiver in this embodiment not only plays the role of light transmission, but also plays the role of total reflection. Compared with the prior art, under the same conditions as the light receiver, the liquid condensing device can collect more sunlight to the light energy utilization part, thereby increasing the light concentrating ratio.
  • the transparent liquid can also directly or indirectly form a heat transfer structure with the light energy utilization part, thereby cooling or absorbing heat to the light energy utilization part, and improving the utilization rate of light energy.
  • the above-mentioned total reflection phenomenon there is a structure between the reflector and the light receiver that can cause the sunlight emitted from the transparent liquid to the light receiver to form a total reflection phenomenon.
  • the above-mentioned total reflection phenomenon can be realized by designing the shape, structure and the included angle between the reflector and the light receiver.
  • the reflector and the light receiver can form a very small acute angle.
  • at least part of the reflecting surface of the reflector and the light receiving surface of the light receiver form an acute angle, and the acute angle is ⁇ 40°, so that the The overall height of the liquid concentrating device is reduced, so that it has better adaptability to the environment and has more application places.
  • the reflecting surface of the reflector refers to a surface of the reflector for reflecting sunlight incident from the transparent liquid.
  • the light-receiving surface of the photoreceptor refers to the surface on which sunlight enters the photoreceptor.
  • the liquid concentrator usually has a concentrator, and the liquid concentrator collects all or most of the transmitted sunlight onto the concentrator.
  • the light energy utilization part can be attached to the light concentrator or be an integral structure, for example, the light energy utilization part is located outside the light concentrator.
  • the light concentrator is usually made of a light-transmitting material, and the light concentrator has a light condensing surface through which sunlight enters the light concentrator.
  • the light concentrator is made of light-transmitting material, and the light energy utilization part is attached to the outside of the light concentrator, for example, the light energy utilization part is fixedly connected to the outside of the light concentrator.
  • the sunlight is condensed toward the concentrator to be incident on the light energy utilization part.
  • the liquid light concentrating device has a light concentrator
  • the light energy utilization part is a part of the liquid light concentrating device
  • the outer wall of the light energy utilization part is a light concentrator . That is, the outer surface of the light energy utilization part and the light concentrator have an integral structure.
  • the light collector can be used as a part of the wall for accommodating the above-mentioned transparent liquid, or it can not be in direct contact with the transparent liquid.
  • the liquid light concentrating device has a closed cavity, and the cavity wall of the closed cavity includes a light receiver, a reflector and a light concentrator, that is, the closed cavity can be composed of the light receiver, reflector and light concentrator. It can also be enclosed by a light-receiving body, a reflector, a light-gathering body and other walls. At least part of the closed cavity is filled with transparent liquid. Typically, in one embodiment, the transparent liquid fills the closed cavity.
  • the reflector mainly plays the role of reflecting sunlight, and it can be a flat plate, a curved panel, a folded panel, or any other shape that can meet the above requirements for reflecting sunlight.
  • the reflector may be single-sided reflection or double-sided reflection, which depends on the specific embodiment.
  • the liquid condensing device When the liquid condensing device is used, one or more liquid condensing devices can be used to condense light.
  • the light energy utilization device may have one or more light energy utilization parts, or one or more light energy utilization devices may be provided to be used in combination with the liquid concentrating device.
  • the light energy utilization device may be a light energy utilization device with its own concentrator.
  • the liquid light-concentrating device may further include a light-guiding member.
  • the light guide is placed in the transparent liquid, which concentrates sunlight toward the light energy utilization device.
  • the light guide member can guide sunlight by means of reflection or refraction, so as to facilitate the concentration of sunlight toward the direction of the light energy utilization device.
  • the liquid concentrating device includes at least one transparent hollow body.
  • the transparent hollow body is a closed structure or communicated with the atmospheric environment.
  • Part of the wall of the transparent hollow body is attached to or integrated with the reflector to reflect the incoming sunlight.
  • a part of the wall of the transparent hollow body is in contact with the transparent liquid, so as to transmit sunlight or have a total reflection effect on sunlight.
  • the main function of the transparent hollow body is to better guide the light to the light energy utilization device, thereby expanding the light concentration ratio.
  • the light guide and the transparent hollow body can be used alone or in combination.
  • part of the wall of the transparent hollow body is in close contact with the light guide member or is integrated with the light guide member, so as to direct sunlight to the light guide member through reflection. Light energy is concentrated using the device.
  • liquid concentrators there are at least two liquid concentrators. Wherein, these liquid concentrating devices are distributed on the same side of the light energy utilization device, so as to condense sunlight to the light energy utilization part on the same side of the light energy utilization device. Or, the liquid light-concentrating devices are distributed on different sides of the light-energy utilization device, so as to concentrate sunlight on the light-energy utilization parts on different sides of the light-energy utilization device.
  • the transparent liquid can be selected from a liquid that can transmit sunlight and can form a total reflection phenomenon with the light-receiving body.
  • the clear liquid includes water or a freeze-resistant clear liquid.
  • the antifreeze transparent liquid can be, but not limited to, a mixture of water and glycerin, a mixture of water and propylene glycol, a mixture of water and diethylene glycol, and the like.
  • the light-receiving body 110 and the reflector 120 are both flat plates arranged obliquely.
  • the light collector 130 is located below the light receiver 110 and the reflector 120 .
  • the upper ends of the light receiver 110 and the reflector 120 are connected to each other, and the two ends of the light collector 130 are respectively connected to the lower ends of the light receiver 110 and the reflector 120 .
  • the liquid concentrating device has a casing, and the casing forms a closed cavity.
  • the housing includes a light receiver 110, a reflector 120, a light collector 130 and other necessary walls.
  • the transparent liquid 200 fills the closed cavity, eg, fills the entire closed cavity.
  • the transparent liquid 200 can also be filled in a liquid container, and the liquid container is completely immersed in the closed cavity formed by the housing.
  • the liquid container may share only a portion of the wall with the housing, eg the light receptor 110 .
  • L represents incident light.
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 shows the process in which the incident light is reflected by the reflector 120 back to the light receiver 110 , and then totally reflected back by the light receiver 110 , and finally reaches the light energy utilization device 300 .
  • This embodiment makes full use of the total reflection function of the transparent liquid 200 in the liquid light concentrating device 100 to increase the light concentrating ratio. That is to say, the light receiver 110 has two functions at the same time: transmission of external incident light and total reflection of the reflected light incident from the transparent liquid 200 (reflected by the reflector 120 ).
  • the usual concentrating trough has never used the function of the light receiver 110 and the transparent liquid 200 to form total reflection. To use this function, it is necessary to consider the deflection range of sunlight and the angle of the reflector 120 when designing the angle between the light receiver 110 and the reflector The refractive index of the transparent liquid 200 .
  • an included angle between the reflecting surface of the reflector 120 and the light receiving surface of the light receiving body 110 in the present application may be an acute angle less than or equal to 40°.
  • This structure can reduce the height of the liquid concentrating device 100 , so that it has better adaptability to the environment and has more application places. It is difficult for the existing condensing troughs to do this, because the existing condensing troughs do not utilize the total reflection function of the light receiver 110 when filled with transparent liquid.
  • the liquid light concentrating device 100 can also be used to cool the light energy utilization device 300 at the same time, so as to improve the light energy utilization efficiency.
  • both the light receiver 110 and the reflector 120 are in the shape of a flat plate.
  • the light receiver 110 and the reflector 120 may be an arc panel body, a folded panel body or other shapes that meet functional requirements.
  • the light-receiving surface may be a smooth surface, or a part or all of it may be a Fresnel lens.
  • the reflective surface can also be a smooth surface or a Fresnel lens reflective surface.
  • the Fresnel lens can be formed using the transparent liquid 200, thereby greatly reducing the cost.
  • the light concentrator 130 may be an independent transparent body, or the light energy utilization device 300 assumes the function of the light concentrator 130, and the light energy utilization device 300
  • the outer surface of the light energy utilization device 300 (such as the light energy utilization part 310 ) and the light concentrator 130 are designed as an integral structure.
  • the outer wall of the device 300 (eg, the light energy utilization part 310 ) can be used as the light collector 130 .
  • the transparent liquid 200 may be purified water, antifreeze liquid (mixture of water and ethylene glycol), or other ring-protected transparent liquid 200 (eg, a mixture of water and propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin).
  • the light energy utilization device 300 may be in any form of light energy utilization, including but not limited to single-sided or double-sided photovoltaic panels, photothermal utilization devices, photovoltaic and photothermal integrated utilization devices, and single-sided or double-sided photovoltaic panels Concentrated light energy utilization device 300 .
  • the liquid condensing device 100 of this embodiment has many advantages over the ordinary side condensing lens, including that sunlight is condensed to the condensing body 130 from the side, so it has a better incident angle, a larger condensing ratio, a higher Concentration efficiency.
  • the transparent liquid 200 can also be used for heat transfer connection with the light energy utilization device 300 to absorb or even utilize the heat of the light energy utilization device 300 to improve the light energy utilization efficiency of the light energy utilization device 300 . If necessary, an external thermal cycle can also be performed to utilize the heat absorbed by the transparent liquid 200 .
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the second embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000 .
  • the light receiving body 110 is an arc panel body.
  • the light collector 130 is located at one end of the light receiver 110 in the axial direction.
  • the reflector 120 is a foldable panel body, and the other end of the light receiver 110 in the axial direction is connected to the reflector 120 .
  • the light-receiving body 110 is arranged obliquely, so that the end of the light-receiving body 110 connected to the light-collecting body 130 is lower than the other end of the light-receiving body 110 .
  • the light receptor 110 is distributed in an arc surface along one direction, which can expand the receiving range of sunlight in this direction, so as to adapt to the deflection of sunlight at a certain angle.
  • the light receiver 110 is also inclined along its axial direction, thereby expanding the receiving range of sunlight in its axial direction, so the light receiver 110 of this embodiment has the ability to adapt to certain deflections of sunlight in two directions.
  • its inclined direction can be used to adapt to the deflection of sunlight's latitudinal declination and the angle of regress
  • its curved direction can be used to adapt to the east-west deflection of sunlight.
  • the reflector 120 is divided into three reflectors 120 having a folded surface structure, which are a first reflector 121 , a second reflector 122 and a third reflector 123 respectively.
  • the first reflector 121 is disposed opposite to the light collector 130, the second reflector 122 and the third reflector 123 are connected, and are integrally connected between the first reflector 121 and the light collector 130, the reflector 120, the light receiving body
  • the body 110 and the concentrator 130 are closed into a closed cavity to form a casing of the liquid concentrator 100 (which can also be regarded as a liquid container for storing the transparent liquid 200 ), and the transparent liquid 200 is filled in the closed cavity.
  • the liquid concentrator 100 which can also be regarded as a liquid container for storing the transparent liquid 200
  • the transparent liquid 200 is filled in the closed cavity.
  • other walls other than the reflector 120 , the light receiver 110 and the light collector 130 can also be added to the housing to enclose the closed cavity.
  • the third embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000 , especially a method when two or more liquid concentrating devices 100 are used in combination.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy utilization device 1000 .
  • at least two liquid concentrating devices 100 are provided. Wherein, the interior of the at least two liquid concentrating devices 100 are communicated to form the same sealed cavity.
  • Transparent liquid 200 is filled in the sealed cavity.
  • the liquid concentrating device 100 guides sunlight to the light energy utilization parts 310 on the same side or different sides of the light energy utilization device 300 . Wherein, as shown in FIG. 3 , the liquid concentrating device 100 guides sunlight to the same side of the light energy utilization device 300 , for example, the sunlight is concentrated to one light energy utilization part 310 or different light energy utilization parts 310 located on the same side .
  • two adjacent liquid light concentrating devices 100 are disposed on the same side of the light energy utilization device 300 in the horizontal direction, and the transparent liquids 200 of the two adjacent liquid light concentrating devices 100 communicate with each other. , to form a group of 100 liquid concentrators.
  • the light receivers 110 of two adjacent liquid concentrating devices 100 are connected to each other, and the cross-section of the connection is V-shaped.
  • Each group of liquid concentrating devices 100 concentrates sunlight onto the same light energy utilization part 310 .
  • the two liquid concentrating devices 100 may be arranged symmetrically (mirror images) or asymmetrically. A part of the two liquid concentrating devices 100 overlap with each other, and the light receivers 110 can be connected together to realize an integrated realization with a continuous surface.
  • the transparent liquids 200 of the two liquid concentrating devices 100 are mixed together.
  • the reflectors 120 disposed on the same side or different sides of the two liquid concentrating devices 100 may also be connected together.
  • the two liquid concentrating devices 100 may be arranged on different sides of the light energy utilizing device 300 .
  • the light energy utilization device 300 may have the capability of absorbing light energy on both sides, for example, the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 .
  • two light energy utilization devices 300 capable of absorbing light energy on one side can also be provided, and the two light energy utilization devices 310 are disposed together in such a way that the light energy utilization parts 310 face away from each other, so as to receive sunlight on both sides.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the fourth embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000 , especially a solution of adding a transparent hollow body to the liquid concentrating device 100 .
  • the liquid concentrating device 100 includes at least one transparent hollow body 140 .
  • the transparent hollow body 140 is a closed structure or communicated with the atmospheric environment.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 can be completely closed and located in the casing of the liquid concentrating device 100, or some openings can be provided to communicate with the external atmosphere.
  • a part of the wall 141 of the transparent hollow body 140 is attached to or integrated with the reflector 120 to reflect the incoming sunlight.
  • a part of the wall body 142 of the transparent hollow body 140 is in contact with the transparent liquid 200 so as to transmit sunlight or to totally reflect sunlight.
  • the main function of the transparent hollow body 140 is to better guide the light to the light energy utilization device 300 , thereby expanding the light concentration ratio. Another additional function is to squeeze the volume of the transparent hollow body 140 to cope with the solidification or expansion of the transparent liquid 200 when the solar energy utilization device 1000 is used in a cold area.
  • the liquid concentrating device 100 includes a first liquid concentrating device 100a and a second liquid concentrating device 100b.
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b are respectively provided with corresponding transparent hollow bodies 140 .
  • the light energy utilization part 310 is divided into a first light energy utilization part and a second light energy utilization part which are arranged away from each other.
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100a condenses sunlight onto the first light energy utilization part
  • the second liquid concentrating device 100b condenses sunlight onto the second light energy utilization part.
  • the first light energy utilization part is disposed upward
  • the second light energy utilization part is disposed downward
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100a is located above the first light energy utilization part
  • the second liquid The condensing device 100b is located below the second light energy utilization part
  • the light receivers 110 of the first liquid condensing device 100a and the second liquid condensing device 100b are disposed toward the same side.
  • the first liquid condensing device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b can also be arranged horizontally from left to right.
  • the structure of the transparent hollow body 140 shown in this embodiment can also be applied to other devices having one or more liquid light concentrating devices 100 . in the examples.
  • the light receivers 110 of the first liquid condensing device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b are arranged vertically.
  • the reflector 120 of the second liquid condensing device 100b has a first reflector 121 located behind the light receiver 110 and a second reflector 122 located below the light receiver 110 .
  • the second reflector 122 is rearward from the lower end of the light receiver 110 .
  • Lower tilt setting This design is obviously different from the conventional light concentrating device.
  • the second reflector 122 is usually arranged from the back to the front (this application defines the sunlight incident direction as the front) and the lower side is better. to concentrate the sunlight toward the light energy utilization device 300 .
  • the second reflector 122 since the total reflection distance is adopted, the second reflector 122 is inclined to the rear and downward from the lower end of the light receiver 110 , which can instead further expand the light-gathering ratio.
  • each liquid condensing device 100 constitutes a closed A cavity, which is filled with transparent liquid 200 .
  • a double-sided light energy utilization device 300 having the ability to absorb light energy on both sides is sandwiched between the two liquid concentrating devices 100 .
  • the first liquid condensing device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b are respectively provided with corresponding transparent hollow bodies 140, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view
  • the hollow quadrilateral and hollow triangular transparent hollow bodies 140 in FIG. 4 correspond to a quadrilateral sleeve and a triangular sleeve respectively in a three-dimensional structure.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 may be provided with air or other gas, or a vacuum.
  • the bottom surface 141 of the upper transparent hollow body 140 overlaps with the bottom of the reflector 120, and the transparent hollow body 140 has a side wall body 142b close to the light energy utilization device 300 and away from the double-sided light energy.
  • the side wall 142a of the device 300 is utilized.
  • the side wall 142a away from the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 mainly plays a role of transmission, while the side wall 142b close to the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 plays a role of transmitting light or transmitting light with different incident angles. effect of total reflection.
  • a transparent hollow body 140 can also be provided.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 may be closed or open at both ends to communicate with the outside atmosphere.
  • the surface of the transparent hollow body 140 need not be flat.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 can also be a pentagonal sleeve or a sleeve of other shapes. Since the transparent hollow body 140 and the reflector 120 are in close contact and fixed, they can be implemented in an integrated manner during implementation. Therefore, in another embodiment, the transparent hollow body 140 and the reflector 120 are integrated together, and are implemented in an integrated manner.
  • the light-receiving area of the light-receiving body 110 of the first liquid condensing device 100a is larger than the light-receiving area of the light-receiving body 110 of the second liquid concentrating device 100b.
  • C is the center of the side concentrating solar energy device.
  • the light energy utilization device 300 is not on the center line, and the area of the upper photoreceptor 110 is larger than that of the lower photoreceptor 110. This is to accommodate the phenomenon that sunlight is incident from obliquely above, and the upper photoreceptor 110 is easier to accept. more sun.
  • FIG. 4 shows an asymmetrical implementation example, but in other embodiments, the two liquid light concentrating devices 100 may also be involved in an up-down symmetrical structure.
  • the two liquid concentrating devices 100 and the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 can also be made into modules, which is convenient for transportation, installation, and maintenance, and can reduce garbage during recycling.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the fifth embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000 , especially a solution in which a light guide member is used to enhance the light concentrating effect.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy utilization device 1000 .
  • the liquid light concentrating device 100 includes a light guide member 150 , which is placed in the transparent liquid 200 and concentrates sunlight toward the light energy utilization device 300 .
  • the light guide 150 can realize the concentration of sunlight through reflection or refraction.
  • the light guide 150 reflects sunlight.
  • the light guide 150 is obliquely arranged in the transparent liquid 200 of the liquid concentrating device 100 , and the end of the light guide 150 away from the light energy utilization device 300 is higher than its end close to the light energy utilization device 300 , so as to facilitate the directing of sunlight toward the light energy. Use the direction of the device 300 to converge.
  • the liquid concentrating device 100 includes a first liquid concentrating device 100 a and a second liquid condensing device 100 b.
  • the light energy utilization part 310 is divided into a first light energy utilization part and a second light energy utilization part which are arranged away from each other.
  • the light energy utilizing device 300 is arranged vertically, and the first liquid concentrating device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the light energy utilizing device 300 .
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100a condenses sunlight onto the first light energy utilization part
  • the second liquid concentrating device 100b condenses sunlight onto the second light energy utilization part
  • the light-receiving body 110 of the liquid concentrating device 100b is disposed upward, so as to better receive the sunlight incident from above.
  • FIG. 5 shows two liquid concentrating devices 100 .
  • the light guide member 150 can be applied to a solution with one or more than one liquid concentrating device 100 , and is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100 a and the second liquid concentrating device 100 b are symmetrically (mirror-imaged) arranged in parallel, and the light energy utilization device 300 is arranged on the center line of the solar energy utilization device 1000 (in FIG. 5 ). C) on.
  • it can also be set asymmetrically.
  • the first liquid concentrating device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b are respectively provided with a double-sided reflective light guide member 150 (eg, a double-sided reflective light guide plate).
  • a double-sided reflective light guide member 150 eg, a double-sided reflective light guide plate.
  • the light receivers 110 of the first liquid concentrating device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b can be realized by a larger transparent panel, while the first liquid concentrating device 100a and the second liquid concentrating device 100b can be realized by a larger transparent panel.
  • the light concentrator 130 and the reflector 120 of the liquid light concentrating device 100b are hermetically connected to the light receiver 110 to form a large closed cavity, and the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 is immersed in the transparent liquid 200 of this large closed cavity. inside.
  • the two reflectors 120 are respectively composed of two plate bodies 121 and 122 forming a folded surface shape. Due to the structural features of this embodiment, the two bottom plates 121 can be implemented with a larger plate. Moreover, in this embodiment, the larger plate body 121 may have a Fresnel lens reflection surface or other reflection surfaces.
  • the light guide member 150 adopts a double-sided reflective light guide plate, so that this embodiment can obtain a higher light concentration ratio with a lower height.
  • This embodiment shows a highly integrated implementation, that is, two liquid concentrating devices 100 form a large closed cavity, which is filled with transparent liquid 200, and the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 is immersed in the liquid.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • the sixth embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000 , especially further improvement is made on the basis of the fifth embodiment.
  • the liquid light concentrating device 100 further includes at least one transparent hollow body 140 .
  • the transparent hollow body 140 is a closed structure or communicates with the atmospheric environment. Part of the wall 141 of the transparent hollow body 140 is attached to or integrated with the reflector 120 to reflect the incoming sunlight, and part of the wall 142 of the transparent hollow body 140 is in close contact with the light guide 150 or with the light guide 150 It has an integrated structure to concentrate sunlight to the light energy utilization device 300 through reflection.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 is used in conjunction with the light guide member 150 (eg, a double-sided reflective light guide plate).
  • the light guide 150 is disposed on the top surface of the transparent hollow body 140 .
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view
  • the hollow pentagonal transparent hollow body 140 in FIG. 6 corresponds to a pentagonal sleeve in a three-dimensional structure.
  • a bottom groove 400 is also provided at the bottom of the liquid concentrating device 100 , which forms a closed cavity with the bottom of the liquid concentrating device 100 .
  • the closed cavity is filled with the second liquid 410 , and the liquid concentrating device 100 and the light energy utilizing device 300 are immersed in the second liquid 410 as a whole.
  • the second liquid 410 is the same as or different from the transparent liquid 200 in the liquid concentrating device 100 , and does not necessarily need to be transparent.
  • the closed cavity may not be provided with the second liquid, which is a cavity structure that is closed or communicated with the external environment.
  • two liquid concentrating devices 100 are arranged in the large closed cavity of the bottom tank 400 , and both the liquid concentrating device 100 and the double-sided light energy utilization device 300 are immersed in in the second liquid 410 .
  • a transparent hollow body 140 is used to replace the Fresnel lens in Embodiment 5, thereby facilitating processing.
  • the transparent hollow body 140 may be used together with the Fresnel lens 121 (see FIG. 5 ) of the reflector 120 to further increase the light-gathering ratio.
  • the liquid concentrating device 100 may only be disposed on some surfaces of a closed cavity, or some of its surfaces (such as the light receptor 110 ) and part of the surface of a closed cavity coincide.
  • the seventh embodiment provides another solar energy utilization device 1000, which is further improved on the basis of the third embodiment in particular.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a solar energy utilization device 1000 .
  • the light energy utilization part 310 is divided into a first light energy utilization part 310a and a second light energy utilization part 310b which are arranged away from each other.
  • the liquid light concentrating device group 100 includes a first liquid light concentrating device group and a second liquid light concentrating device group.
  • the first liquid concentrating device group condenses sunlight to the first light energy utilization part 310a
  • the second liquid concentrating device group condenses sunlight to the second light energy utilization part 310b.
  • the two side concentrating solar energy devices in Embodiment 3 are arranged back-to-back and share the same light energy utilization device 300 .
  • the light energy utilization device 300 is arranged vertically, and the first liquid concentrating device group and the second liquid concentrating device group are distributed in an X shape (as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. body).
  • the two liquid concentrating devices 100 located at the top and the two liquid concentrating devices 100 below may be the same or different.
  • the upper ends of the first liquid concentrating device group and the second liquid concentrating device group enclose a cavity with an upper opening.
  • the upper end of the light energy utilization device 300 protrudes into the cavity, and a part of the upper ends of the first light energy utilization part 310a and the second light energy utilization part 310b is located in the cavity.
  • At least part of the cavity wall of the cavity is a reflective surface, so as to collect sunlight toward the first light energy utilization part 310a and the second light energy utilization part 310b.
  • the opening of the cavity is covered with a transparent closing cover 500, the cavity is formed into a second closed cavity, the second closed cavity is filled with the transparent liquid 200, and sunlight is transmitted from the transparent closing cover 500 to in transparent liquid 200.
  • the transparent closure cover 500 may be a flat shape, a folded surface shape, a curved shape or other shapes.
  • an external reflection device 600 is further included.
  • the light energy utilization device 300 and the liquid light concentrating device 100 are integrally disposed on the external reflection device 600 .
  • the reflecting device 600 has a reflecting surface 610 for concentrating sunlight toward the light energy utilizing device 300 and the liquid concentrating device 100 .
  • the external reflection device 600 has a concave structure
  • the light energy utilization device 300 and the liquid condensing device 100 are arranged in the concave structure
  • the reflection surface 610 is located on the inner wall of the concave structure.
  • the reflection surface of the external reflection device 600 may be an ordinary mirror surface or a Fresnel lens reflection surface.
  • the external reflection device 600 is arranged at the bottom of the light energy utilization device 300 and the liquid concentrating device 100 or other positions, such as the side.
  • External reflector 600 may be of any shape.
  • the solar energy utilization device 1000 of the present embodiment can realize concentrating light in a direction of almost 360°.
  • the solar energy utilization device 1000 can be used for north-south installation, and also can be used for east-west installation, thereby greatly expanding the scope of application of this embodiment.

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Abstract

一种太阳能利用装置，其包括光能利用装置以及至少一个液体聚光装置。该液体聚光装置内填充有透明液体。液体聚光装置具有至少一个能够将太阳光透射至透明液体中的受光体和对射入的太阳光进行反射的反射体。其中，液体聚光装置中经反射体反射后、自透明液体射向受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象，从而避免太阳光在被反射体反射到透明液体中后，又从受光体折射出去，使更多的太阳光向光能利用装置的光能利用部上汇聚，提高聚光效率。

Description

太阳能利用装置 技术领域
本申请涉及光能转换利用装置。
 背景技术
随着光伏板的成本的降低和效率的增加，太阳能系统得到越来越多的应用。但，随着太阳能系统被广泛应用，相关问题也接踵而至，比如，土地成本的增加，电站的维护（包括灰尘的清洗和冰雪打扫）成本问题以及光伏板的回收困难问题。
 技术问题
本申请主要提供一种新型的太阳能利用装置，以展示一种新的太阳能利用结构。
 技术解决方案
基于上述目的，本申请一种实施例中提供了一种太阳能利用装置,包括：
光能利用装置，所述光能利用装置具有能够接收并转换利用太阳光的光能利用部；
以及至少一个液体聚光装置，所述液体聚光装置内填充有透明液体，所述液体聚光装置具有至少一个能够将太阳光透射至所述透明液体中的受光体和对射入的所述太阳光进行反射的反射体，其中，所述透明液体与受光体接触，所述液体聚光装置中自所述透明液体射向所述受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象，以将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置的光能利用部上汇聚。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置具有聚光体，所述聚光体采用透光材料制成，所述光能利用部位于所述聚光体的外侧，在所述液体聚光装置中，所述太阳光向所述聚光体汇聚，以射入所述光能利用部。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置具有聚光体，所述光能利用部作为所述液体聚光装置的一部分，所述光能利用部的外壁为所述聚光体。
一种实施例中，所述反射体与受光体之间具有能够使得经所述反射体反射后、自所述透明液体射向所述受光体时形成全反射现象的结构。
一种实施例中，所述反射体的至少部分反射面与受光体的受光面形成锐角，所述锐角≤40°。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置具有封闭腔体，所述封闭腔体的腔壁包括所述受光体、反射体和聚光体，所述封闭腔体内至少部分区域填充有所述透明液体。
一种实施例中，所述反射体为平板、弧面板体或折面板体。
一种实施例中，所述受光体和反射体均为倾斜设置的平板，所述聚光体位于所述受光体和反射体的下方，所述受光体和反射体的上端相互连接，所述聚光体两端分别与所述受光体和反射体的下端连接。
一种实施例中，所述受光体为弧面板体，所述聚光体位于所述受光体轴向上的一端，所述反射体为折面板体，所述受光体轴向上的另一端与所述反射体连接，所述受光体倾斜设置，使所述受光体上与所述聚光体连接的一端低于所述受光体的另一端。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置包括导光件，所述导光件置于所述透明液体中，其将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置汇聚。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置包括至少一个透明空心体，所述透明空心体为封闭结构或与大气环境连通，所述透明空心体的部分壁体与反射体贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的所述太阳光；所述透明空心体的部分壁体与透明液体接触，以透过所述太阳光或对太阳光起到全反射作用。
一种实施例中，所述透明空心体的部分壁体与所述导光件紧贴或与所述导光件为一体结构，以通过反射作用将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置汇聚。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置为至少两个，所述液体聚光装置分布在所述光能利用装置的同一侧，以将所述太阳光汇聚至所述光能利用装置同一侧的光能利用部上；或，所述液体聚光装置分布在所述光能利用装置的不同侧，以将所述太阳光汇聚至所述光能利用装置不同侧的光能利用部上。
一种实施例中，所述液体聚光装置包括第一液体聚光装置和第二液体聚光装置，所述光能利用部分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部，所述第一液体聚光装置将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第一光能利用部上，所述第二液体聚光装置将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第二光能利用部上。
一种实施例中，所述第一光能利用部向上设置，所述第二光能利用部向下设置，所述第一液体聚光装置位于所述第一光能利用部的上方，所述第二液体聚光装置位于所述第二光能利用部的下方，所述第一液体聚光装置和第二液体聚光装置的受光体朝向同一侧设置。
一种实施例中，所述第一液体聚光装置和第二液体聚光装置的受光体竖向设置；所述第二液体聚光装置的反射体具有位于所述受光体后侧的第一反射体和位于所述受光体下方的第二反射体，所述第二反射体自所述受光体的下端向后下方倾斜设置。
一种实施例中，所述第一液体聚光装置的受光体的受光面积大于所述第二液体聚光装置的受光体的受光面积。
一种实施例中，至少两个所述液体聚光装置内部相通，以连通为同一个密封腔体，所述液体聚光装置将所述太阳光引导至所述光能利用装置的同一侧或不同侧的光能利用部上。
一种实施例中，两个相邻液体聚光装置沿水平方向设置在所述光能利用装置的同一侧，且所述两个相邻液体聚光装置的透明液体相通，以形成一个液体聚光装置组，所述两个相邻液体聚光装置的受光体相互连接，其连接处截面呈V形，每个所述液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至同一个光能利用部上。
一种实施例中，所述光能利用部分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部，所述液体聚光装置组至少为两个，其分别为第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组，所述第一液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第一光能利用部，所述第二液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第二光能利用部。
一种实施例中，所述光能利用装置竖向设置，所述第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组呈X形分布，所述第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组的上端围成一个上方开口的空腔。
一种实施例中，所述光能利用装置的上端伸出到所述空腔内，且所述第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部上端均有一部分位于所述空腔内，所述空腔的开口处覆盖有透明封闭盖，将所述空腔形成第二封闭腔，所述第二封闭腔内填充透明液体，所述太阳光从所述透明封闭盖透射至所述透明液体中，所述空腔的至少部分腔壁为反射面，以将所述太阳光向所述第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部汇聚。
一种实施例中，还包括外部反射装置，所述外部反射装置设于所述光能利用装置和液体聚光装置整体外侧，所述外部反射装置具有反射面，以将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置和液体聚光装置汇聚，所述的外部反射装置具有内凹结构或菲涅尔透镜反射面。
一种实施例中，所述透明液体包括水或防冻透明液体。
一种实施例中，在所述液体聚光装置的底部还设置有一个底槽，其与所述液体聚光装置的底部构成一个封闭的腔体，所述封闭的腔体内为空或者设置有第二液体。
 有益效果
依据上述实施例的太阳能利用装置，其包括光能利用装置以及至少一个液体聚光装置。该液体聚光装置内填充有透明液体。液体聚光装置具有至少一个能够将太阳光透射至透明液体中的受光体和对射入的太阳光进行反射的反射体。其中，液体聚光装置中自透明液体射向受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象，从而避免太阳光在被反射体反射到透明液体中后，又从受光体折射出去，使更多的太阳光向光能利用装置的光能利用部上汇聚，提高聚光效率。
 附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一中太阳能利用装置的立体示意图。
图2是本申请实施例二中太阳能利用装置的立体示意图。
图3是本申请实施例三中太阳能利用装置的截面示意图。
图4是本申请实施例四中太阳能利用装置的截面示意图。
图5是本申请实施例五中太阳能利用装置的截面示意图。
图6是本申请实施例六中太阳能利用装置的截面示意图。
图7是本申请实施例七中太阳能利用装置的截面示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。其中不同实施方式中类似元件采用了相关联的类似的元件标号。在以下的实施方式中，很多细节描述是为了使得本申请能被更好的理解。然而，本领域技术人员可以毫不费力的认识到，其中部分特征在不同情况下是可以省略的，或者可以由其他元件、材料、方法所替代。在某些情况下，本申请相关的一些操作并没有在说明书中显示或者描述，这是为了避免本申请的核心部分被过多的描述所淹没，而对于本领域技术人员而言，详细描述这些相关操作并不是必要的，他们根据说明书中的描述以及本领域的一般技术知识即可完整了解相关操作。
另外，说明书中所描述的特点、操作或者特征可以以任意适当的方式结合形成各种实施方式。同时，方法描述中的各步骤或者动作也可以按照本领域技术人员所能显而易见的方式进行顺序调换或调整。因此，说明书和附图中的各种顺序只是为了清楚描述某一个实施例，并不意味着是必须的顺序，除非另有说明其中某个顺序是必须遵循的。
本文中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。而本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接（联接）。
本实施例提供了一种太阳能利用装置，其用于接收并利用太阳光进行能量转换，将太阳光转换成电能、热能以及其他形式的能量，以供人们使用。
该实施例所示的太阳能利用装置包括光能利用装置和以及至少一个液体聚光装置。
该光能利用装置具有能够接收并转换利用太阳光的光能利用部。一种实施例中，该光能利用部可以为光伏板、光热利用装置、光电和热能综合利用装置、聚光式光能利用装置中的一个或多个。该光伏板泛指任何直接将光能转换为电能的器件，包括各种半导体光伏板、光伏薄膜、量子点光电转换器件等。在其他实施例中，该光能利用部还可以为其他形式的太阳光利用转换结构。
该液体聚光装置内填充有透明液体，太阳光可在该透明液体内穿过。该液体聚光装置可具有能够围成密封腔体的壳体，该透明液体可直接填充在由壳体围成的密封腔体中。该透明液体也可以填充在位于该密封腔体中的液体容器内。该液体容器可由单独的壁体围成，也可以与壳体共用部分壁体。
该液体聚光装置具有至少一个能够将太阳光透射至透明液体中的受光体和对射入的太阳光进行反射的反射体。该受光体采用透光材料制成，并与透明液体接触，受光体可作为液体容器的一部分，以存储透明液体。
该太阳能利用装置通常以受光体的受光面朝向太阳的方式设置，太阳光可从受光面投射至液体聚光装置内的透明液体中。射入透明液体中的太阳光穿过该透明液体，部分太阳光射入反射体，并被反射体反射到透明液体中。其中，该液体聚光装置的结构设置为：自透明液体射向受光体的太阳光形成全反射（或称为全内反射）现象，即被反射到透明液体中的太阳光不会或大部分不会从受光面射出，而是在全反射作用下，继续在液体聚光装置内传播，并最终汇集到光能利用部上。本申请中，被全反射的主要来自被反射体反射的光，但是，光在液体聚光装置内的整个行进光路中，都有可能被全反射而得到再次利用。
该实施例中，利用透明液体作为光传播介质，同时利用透明液体与受光体之间的接触以及受光体与外部空气的折射率的差异，以形成全反射现象，可避免经受光面透射的太阳光在被反射体反射到透明液体中后，又从受光体折射出去，使更多的太阳光向光能利用装置的光能利用部上汇聚，提高聚光效率。本实施例中的受光体既起到透光的作用，又起到全反射的作用。与现有技术相比，在受光体同等条件下，该液体聚光装置能够汇集更多的太阳光至光能利用部上，加大聚光比。
此外，该透明液体还可以直接或间接与光能利用部形成热传递结构，进而对光能利用部起到降温或吸热的作用，提高光能利用率。
进一步地，在形成上述全反射现象的过程中，反射体与受光体之间具有能够使自透明液体射向受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象的结构。例如通过对反射体和受光体的形状、结构以及两者之间的夹角进行设计，从而实现上述全反射现象。
在实现全反射现象时，该反射体与受光体可形成非常小的锐角，例如一种实施例中，反射体的至少部分反射面与受光体的受光面形成锐角，锐角≤40°，从而可降低该液体聚光装置的整体高度，使其对环境适应性更好，应用场所更多。该反射体的反射面是指反射体用于反射从透明液体中射入的太阳光的一面。该受光体的受光面是指太阳光射入受光体的一面。
该液体聚光装置通常具有聚光体，液体聚光装置将全部或大部分透射进来的太阳光汇集到聚光体上。为了接收这些太阳光，光能利用部可与聚光体贴合或者为一体结构，例如光能利用部位于聚光体的外侧。聚光体通常采用透光材料制成，该聚光体具有一个聚光面，太阳光由该聚光面射入到聚光体中。
具体地，一种实施例中，该聚光体采用透光材料制成，光能利用部与聚光体的外侧贴合，例如，光能利用部与聚光体的外侧固定连接。在液体聚光装置中，太阳光向聚光体汇聚，以射入光能利用部。
另一种实施例中，该液体聚光装置具有聚光体，光能利用部作为液体聚光装置的一部分，光能利用部的外壁（用于接收太阳光的一侧表面）为聚光体。即，该光能利用部的外表面与聚光体为一体式结构。
该聚光体可作为容置上述透明液体的一部分壁体，也可以与透明液体之间不直接接触。
一种实施例中，该液体聚光装置具有封闭腔体，封闭腔体的腔壁包括受光体、反射体和聚光体，即该封闭腔体可以由该受光体、反射体和聚光体围成，也可以由受光体、反射体、聚光体与其他壁体一起围合而成。封闭腔体内至少部分区域填充有透明液体。通常，一种实施例中，该透明液体充满封闭腔体。
一种实施例中，该反射体主要起到反射太阳光的作用，其可为平板、弧面板体、折面板体或者其他能够满足上述反射太阳光要求的形状。而且，在基于上述思路的变形方案中，该反射体可以为单面反射，也可以为双面反射，这视具体实施例而决定。
在对该液体聚光装置进行利用时，其可以使用一个或一个以上的液体聚光装置进行聚光。对应地，该光能利用装置可以具有一个或一个以上的光能利用部，或者，设置一个或一个以上的光能利用装置，以与液体聚光装置进行组合使用。甚或，光能利用装置可以是一个自带聚光器的光能利用装置。
一种实施例中，为了提高聚光效果，液体聚光装置还可以包括导光件。导光件置于透明液体中，其将太阳光向光能利用装置汇聚。导光件可采用反射或折射的方式来引导太阳光，以方便将太阳光向光能利用装置所在方向汇聚。
进一步地，一种实施例中，该液体聚光装置包括至少一个透明空心体。透明空心体为封闭结构或与大气环境连通。透明空心体的部分壁体与反射体贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的太阳光。透明空心体的部分壁体与透明液体接触，以透过太阳光或对太阳光起到全反射作用。该透明空心体的主要作用是更好地把光引向光能利用装置，从而扩大聚光比。
该导光件和透明空心体可以单独使用，也可以组合使用。一种实施例中，当导光件和透明空心体组合使用时，该透明空心体的部分壁体与能够导光件紧贴或与导光件为一体结构，以通过反射作用将太阳光向光能利用装置汇聚。
一种实施例中，液体聚光装置为至少两个。其中，这些液体聚光装置分布在光能利用装置的同一侧，以将太阳光汇聚至所述光能利用装置同一侧的光能利用部上。或，液体聚光装置分布在光能利用装置的不同侧，以将太阳光汇聚至光能利用装置不同侧的光能利用部上。
一种实施例中，该透明液体可选用能够透射太阳光，且能够与受光体形成全反射现象的液体。例如，一种实施例中，该透明液体包括水或防冻透明液体。该防冻透明液体可采用但不限于水和甘油的混合物、水和丙二醇的混合物、水和二甘醇的混合物等。
基于上述发明构思，以下通过几种不同的实施例进一步说明，以更好的展示本发明创造。
实施例一：
请参考图1，在实施例一所示的太阳能利用装置1000中，该受光体110和反射体120均为倾斜设置的平板。该聚光体130位于受光体110和反射体120的下方。受光体110和反射体120的上端相互连接，聚光体130两端分别与受光体110和反射体120的下端连接。
本实施例里，液体聚光装置具有一个壳体，该壳体围成一个封闭腔体。其中，该壳体包括受光体110、反射体120、聚光体130以及其他必要壁体。透明液体200填充在该封闭腔体中，例如，充满整个封闭腔体。
在其它的实施方式里，透明液体200也可填充在一个液体容器中，该液体容器再整体沉浸在该壳体所形成的封闭腔体里。该液体容器可仅与壳体共享一部分壁体，例如共享受光体110。
图1中，L代表入射光。图1的箭头显示了入射光被反射体120反射回受光体110后，被受光体110全反射回去而最终到达光能利用装置300的过程。本实施例充分利用液体聚光装置100中透明液体200的全反射功能，来增加聚光比。也就是说，受光体110同时具备两种功能：透过外部入射光和全反射自透明液体200射入的反射光（被反射体120反射而来）。通常的聚光槽从来没有利用这个受光体110与透明液体200形成全反射的功能，而要利用这个功能，需要在设计受光体110与反射体120的夹角时，考虑太阳光的偏转范围以及透明液体200的折射率。
由于本申请利用了全反射原理，本申请的反射体120的反射面与受光体110的受光面的一个夹角可以是小于或等于40°的锐角。该结构能够降低液体聚光装置100的高度，使其对环境适应性更好，应用场所更多。现有的聚光槽很难做到这一点，因为现有的聚光槽没有利用受光体110在填充透明液体时的全反射功能。
一些实施例中，还可以同时利用该液体聚光装置100来冷却光能利用装置300，以提高光能利用效率。
在本实施例中，受光体110和反射体120均为平板形状。在其它的实施方式里，受光体110和反射体120可以为弧面板体、折面板体或其他满足功能要求的形状。该受光面可以为光滑的表面，也可以部分或全部是菲涅尔透镜。类似地，反射面也可以为光滑的表面或菲涅尔透镜反射面。一种实施例中，该菲涅尔透镜可以利用透明液体200来构成，从而巨大地降低成本。
在本实施例中，根据实施方式和应用要求的不同，聚光体130可以是一个独立存在的透明体，或由光能利用装置300来承担聚光体130的功能，将光能利用装置300（如光能利用部310）的外表面与聚光体130设计为一体结构，例如，光能利用装置300（如光能利用部310）的外壁与聚光体130集成在一起，或用光能利用装置300（如光能利用部310）的外壁作为聚光体130使用。
在本实施例中，透明液体200可以是纯净水、防冻液体(水和乙二醇的混合物）、或其它的环保护透明液体200（如水和丙二醇、二甘醇、甘油的混合物）。在本实施例中，光能利用装置300可以为任何光能利用形式，包括但不局限于单面或双面光伏板、光热利用装置、光电和光热综合利用装置以及单面或双面聚光式光能利用装置300。
本实施例的液体聚光装置100，比普通的侧面聚光镜有很多的优势，包括太阳光从侧面汇聚到聚光体130，因此具有更好的入射角，更大的聚光比、更高的聚光效率。此外，透明液体200还可以用来与光能利用装置300热传递连接，吸收乃至利用光能利用装置300的热量，以提高光能利用装置300的光能利用效率。必要时，还可以做外部热循环来利用透明液体200所吸收的热量。
实施例二：
本实施例二提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000。
请参考图2，该实施例中，受光体110为弧面板体。聚光体130位于受光体110轴向上的一端。反射体120为折面板体，受光体110轴向上的另一端与反射体120连接。受光体110倾斜设置，使受光体110上与聚光体130连接的一端低于受光体110的另一端。
该受光体110沿一个方向呈弧面分布，可以在该方向上扩大太阳光的接收范围，以适应太阳光一定角度的偏转。同时，该受光体110还沿其轴向倾斜设置，进而在其轴向上也扩大了太阳光的接收范围，从而本实施例的受光体110具有适应太阳光两个方向的一定偏转的能力。例如，其倾斜方向可用来适应太阳光的纬度偏角以及南北回归角度的偏转，而其弯曲方向可适应太阳光东西方向的偏转。
请继续参考图2，在该实施例中，该反射体120分为三个呈折面结构的反射体120，其分别为第一反射体121、第二反射体122和第三反射体123，其中第一反射体121与聚光体130相对设置，第二反射体122和第三反射体123连接，并整体连接于第一反射体121和聚光体130之间，该反射体120、受光体110和聚光体130封闭为一个封闭腔体，以形成液体聚光装置100的壳体（也可视为存放透明液体200的液体容器），透明液体200填充在该封闭腔体之中。当然，在其他实施例中，该壳体也可增加除反射体120、受光体110和聚光体130之外的其他壁体来围合成该封闭腔体。
实施例三：
本实施例三提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000，尤其是一种将两个以上液体聚光装置100组合使用时的方式。
请参考图3，该图3所示了一种太阳能利用装置1000的截面图。该实施例中，提供至少两个液体聚光装置100。其中，该至少两个液体聚光装置100内部相通，以连通为同一个密封腔体。透明液体200填充在该密封腔体中。该液体聚光装置100将太阳光引导至光能利用装置300的同一侧或不同侧的光能利用部310上。其中，图3所示，该液体聚光装置100将太阳光引导至光能利用装置300的同一侧，例如太阳光汇聚到一个光能利用部310或位于同一侧的不同光能利用部310上。
请继续参考图3，一种实施例中，两个相邻液体聚光装置100沿水平方向设置在光能利用装置300的同一侧，且两个相邻液体聚光装置100的透明液体200相通，以形成一个液体聚光装置100组。两个相邻液体聚光装置100的受光体110相互连接，其连接处截面呈V形。每个液体聚光装置100组将太阳光汇聚至同一个光能利用部310上。
在本实施例里，两个液体聚光装置100可对称（镜像）设置或不对称设置。该两个液体聚光装置100有一部分相互重叠，受光体110可以连接在一起，用一个连续的表面一体化实现。两个液体聚光装置100的透明液体200混合在一起。同样，在其它的实施例方式里，两个液体聚光装置100同侧或不同侧设置的反射体120也可以连接在一起。
在其他的实施例里，两个液体聚光装置100设置可以设置在光能利用装置300的不同侧。在这种情况下，光能利用装置300可具备有双面消纳光能的能力， 例如双面光能利用装置300。当然，也可以提供两个单面消纳光能的光能利用装置300，将两者以光能利用部310相背离的方式设置在一起，以接收两侧的太阳光。
实施例四：
本实施例四提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000，尤其是一种将透明空心体加入到液体聚光装置100中的方案。
请参考图4，该图4所示了一种太阳能利用装置1000的截面图。该实施例中，液体聚光装置100包括至少一个透明空心体140。透明空心体140为封闭结构或与大气环境连通，如，该透明空心体140可完全封闭的位于液体聚光装置100的壳体内，也可以设置一些开口，与外界大气环境连通。
该透明空心体140的部分壁体141与反射体120贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的太阳光。透明空心体140的部分壁体142与透明液体200接触，以透过太阳光或对太阳光起到全反射作用。
该透明空心体140的主要作用是更好地把光引向光能利用装置300，从而扩大聚光比。其另一个附加作用是通过挤压透明空心体140的体积，来应对本太阳能利用装置1000在寒冷地区使用时透明液体200的凝固或膨胀。
请继续参考图4，一种实施例中，液体聚光装置100包括第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b。第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b分别设有对应的透明空心体140。光能利用部310分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部。第一液体聚光装置100a将太阳光汇聚至第一光能利用部上，第二液体聚光装置100b将太阳光汇聚至第二光能利用部上。
请参考图4，一种实施例中，第一光能利用部向上设置，第二光能利用部向下设置，第一液体聚光装置100a位于第一光能利用部的上方，第二液体聚光装置100b位于第二光能利用部的下方，第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b的受光体110朝向同一侧设置。此外，在其他实施例中，该第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b也可左右水平设置。
图4所示实施例中，虽然展示了两个液体聚光装置100，但本实施例所示这种透明空心体140结构，也可以应用于其他具有一个或一个以上的液体聚光装置100的实施例中。
进一步地，一种实施例中，请参考图4，第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b的受光体110竖向设置。第二液体聚光装置100b的反射体120具有位于受光体110后侧的第一反射体121和位于受光体110下方的第二反射体122，第二反射体122自受光体110的下端向后下方倾斜设置。该设计与常规的聚光装置相比明显不同，常规的聚光装置中该第二反射体122通常自后向前（本申请将太阳光射入方向定义为前）下侧设置，才能更好的将太阳光向光能利用装置300汇聚。本实施例因采用了全反射远离，因此将第二反射体122自受光体110的下端向后下方倾斜设置，反而能够进一步扩大聚光比。
具体地，请参考图4，该两个上下叠置的液体聚光装置100（第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b）中, 每个液体聚光装置100自己构成一个封闭腔体，其中充满透明液体200。一个具有双面消纳光能能力的双面光能利用装置300被夹在两个液体聚光装置100的中间。第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b分别设有对应的透明空心体140分别设有对应的透明空心体140。
一种实施例中，由于图4是截面图，图4中的空心四边形和空心三边形的透明空心体140，在三维结构里，分别对应的是一个四边形套筒和一个三边形套筒。透明空心体140里可以设置空气或其它气体，也可以是真空。
一种实施例中，上方的透明空心体140的底面141与反射体120的底部重叠在一起，并且，透明空心体140有一个靠近光能利用装置300的侧面壁体142b和远离双面光能利用装置300的侧面壁体142a。远离双面光能利用装置300的侧面壁体142a主要起透射的作用，而靠近双面光能利用装置300的侧面壁体142b则对不同入射角的光，或者起透射的作用光，或者起全反射的作用。
对于只有一个液体聚光装置100的侧面聚光太阳能装置，同样也可以设置透明空心体140。透明空心体140可以是封闭形式的，也可以是两端开口，与外部大气相通。
透明空心体140的表面不必是平面。在其它的实施方式里，透明空心体140也可以是五边形套筒或其它形状的套筒。既然透明空心体140与反射体120紧贴并固定，那么，在实施的时候，他们可以做一体化实现。因此，另一种实施例中，透明空心体140与反射体120集成在一起，以一体化的方式来实现。
进一步，如图4所示，第一液体聚光装置100a的受光体110的受光面积大于第二液体聚光装置100b的受光体110的受光面积。具体地，图4中，C为侧面聚光太阳能装置的中心。显然，光能利用装置300不在中心线上，位于上方的受光体110面积大于位于下方的受光体110面积，这是为了适应太阳光从斜上方射入的现象，上方的受光体110更容易接受更多的太阳。图4所示为一种不对称的实施案例，但在其他实施例中，也可以将两个液体聚光装置100涉及为上下对称的结构。
进一步，一种实施例中，还可将两个液体聚光装置100和双面光能利用装置300做成模块式，便于运输、安装、和维修，并可减少回收时的垃圾。
实施例五：
本实施例五提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000，尤其是一种采用导光件加强聚光效果的方案。
请参考图5，该图5所示了一种太阳能利用装置1000的截面图。该液体聚光装置100包括导光件150，导光件150置于透明液体200中，其将太阳光向光能利用装置300汇聚。该导光件150可通过反射或折射效果来实现对太阳光的汇聚。
一种实施例中，该导光件150对太阳光进行反射。导光件150倾斜设置在液体聚光装置100的透明液体200中，导光件150远离光能利用装置300的一端高于其靠近光能利用装置300的一端，以方便将太阳光向光能利用装置300所在方向汇聚。
一种实施例中，请参考图5，该液体聚光装置100包括第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b。光能利用部310分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部。光能利用装置300竖直设置，第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b分设在光能利用装置300的左右两侧。第一液体聚光装置100a将太阳光汇聚至第一光能利用部上，第二液体聚光装置100b将太阳光汇聚至第二光能利用部上，第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b的受光体110朝向上方设置，以便更好的接收从上方射入的太阳光。
图5虽示出的是两个液体聚光装置100。但该导光件150可应用于具有一个或一个以上的液体聚光装置100的方案中，并不限于图5所示结构。
具体地，请参考图5，该第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b对称（镜像）平行设置，该光能利用装置300设置在太阳能利用装置1000的中心线（图5中C）上。当然，其他实施例中，也可以不对称设置。
该第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b中分别设有一个双面反射导光件150（如双面反射导光板）。
进一步地，一种实施例中，第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b的受光体110可以用一块大一点的透明面板来实现，而第一液体聚光装置100a和第二液体聚光装置100b的聚光体130、反射体120与该受光体110密封连接，从而构成一个大的封闭腔体，双面光能利用装置300沉浸在这个大的封闭腔体的透明液体200里。
一种实施例中，请参考图5，两个反射体120分别具有两个构成折面形状的板体121、122构成。由于本实施例的结构特点，两个位于底部的板体121可以用一个大一点的板体来实现。并且，本实施例中，这个大一点的板体121可以具有菲涅尔透镜反射面或其他反射面。
为了进一步减少反射损失，一种实施例中，导光件150采用了双面反射导光板，从而使得该实施例能以较低的高度获得较高的聚光比。
本实施例显示了一种高度集成的实施方式，即两个液体聚光装置100构成一个大的封闭的腔体，其中充满透明液体200，双面光能利用装置300沉浸在液体里。
实施例六：
本实施例六提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000，尤其是在实施例五的基础做进一步的改进。
请参考图6，该图6所示了一种太阳能利用装置1000的截面图。该实施例中，在导光件150的基础上，该液体聚光装置100还包括至少一个透明空心体140。透明空心体140为封闭结构或与大气环境连通。透明空心体140的部分壁体141与反射体120贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的太阳光，透明空心体140的部分壁体142与导光件150紧贴或与导光件150为一体结构，以通过反射作用将太阳光向光能利用装置300汇聚。
本实施例中，透明空心体140与导光件150（如双面反射导光板）联合使用。当他们联合使用时，如图6所示，即导光件150设置在透明空心体140的顶面。
一种实施例中，由于图6是截面图，图6中的空心五边形的透明空心体140，在三维结构里，对应的是一个五边形套筒。
本实施例与实施例五另一个不同之处在于：
在液体聚光装置100的底部还设置有一个底槽400，与液体聚光装置100的底部构成一个封闭的腔体。该封闭的腔体内填充第二液体410，液体聚光装置100和光能利用装置300整体浸泡在第二液体410中。第二液体410与液体聚光装置100中的透明液体200相同或不同，也不一定需要透明。
此外，该封闭的腔体也可不设置第二液体，其为封闭或与外部环境连通的空腔结构。
具体地，请参考图6，一种实施例中，两个液体聚光装置100被设置在底槽400的大封闭腔体里，液体聚光装置100和双面光能利用装置300都沉浸在第二液体410里。
本实施例用透明空心体140取代了实施例五中的菲涅尔透镜，从而便于加工。而在其它的实施方式里，透明空心体140可以与反射体120的菲涅尔透镜121（见图5）同时使用，以进一步增大聚光比。
本实施例也显示了在实施过程中的灵活性：液体聚光装置100可以只是设置在一个封闭腔体里的一些表面，或者其一些表面（如受光体110）与一个封闭腔体的部分表面重合。
实施例七
本实施例七提供了另一种太阳能利用装置1000，尤其是在实施例三的基础做进一步的改进。
请参考图7，该图7所示了一种太阳能利用装置1000的截面图。该实施例中，光能利用部310分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部310a和第二光能利用部310b。液体聚光装置100组包括第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组。第一液体聚光装置组将太阳光汇聚至第一光能利用部310a，第二液体聚光装置组将太阳光汇聚至第二光能利用部310b。
本实施例将两个实施例3中的侧面聚光太阳能装置做背靠背设置，而共用同一个光能利用装置300。
进一步地，一种实施例中，光能利用装置300竖向设置，第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组呈X形分布（如图7截面图所示四角星形条状体）。本实施例的四个液体聚光装置100中，位于上面两个液体聚光装置100与下面的两个液体聚光装置100可以一样或不一样。
进一步地，为了更进一步地利用光能，一种实施例中，第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组的上端围成一个上方开口的空腔。光能利用装置300的上端伸出到空腔内，且第一光能利用部310a和第二光能利用部310b上端均有一部分位于空腔内。空腔的至少部分腔壁为反射面，以将太阳光向第一光能利用部310a和第二光能利用部310b汇聚。
进一步地，一种实施例中，该空腔的开口处覆盖有透明封闭盖500，将空腔形成第二封闭腔，第二封闭腔内填充透明液体200，太阳光从透明封闭盖500透射至透明液体200中。透明封闭盖500可以是平面形状、折面形状、曲面形状或其他形状。
为了更大化地利用周边的光能，一种实施例中，请参考图7，还包括外部反射装置600，光能利用装置300和液体聚光装置100整体设置于外部反射装置600上，外部反射装置600具有反射面610，以将太阳光向光能利用装置300和液体聚光装置100汇聚。
一种实施例中，外部反射装置600具有内凹结构上，光能利用装置300和液体聚光装置100设于内凹结构中，反射面610位于内凹结构的内壁。
具体地，请参考图7，该外部反射装置600的反射面可以是普通镜面，也可以是菲涅尔透镜反射面。该外部反射装置600设置在光能利用装置300和液体聚光装置100整体底部或其他位置，如侧面。外部反射装置600可以是任何的形状。
请参考图7，本实施例的太阳能利用装置1000几乎可以实现360°方向的聚光。该太阳能利用装置1000可用于南北向安装，也可用于东西向安装，从而大大扩充了本实施例的适用范围。
以上应用了具体个例对本申请进行阐述，只是用于帮助理解本申请，并不用以限制本申请。对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种太阳能利用装置,其特征在于，包括：
    光能利用装置，所述光能利用装置具有能够接收并转换利用太阳光的光能利用部；
    以及至少一个液体聚光装置，所述液体聚光装置内填充有透明液体，所述液体聚光装置具有至少一个能够将太阳光透射至所述透明液体中的受光体和对射入的所述太阳光进行反射的反射体，其中，所述透明液体与受光体接触，所述液体聚光装置中自所述透明液体射向所述受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象，以将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置的光能利用部上汇聚。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置具有聚光体，所述聚光体采用透光材料制成，所述光能利用部位于所述聚光体的外侧，在所述液体聚光装置中，所述太阳光向所述聚光体汇聚，以射入所述光能利用部。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置具有聚光体，所述光能利用部作为所述液体聚光装置的一部分，所述光能利用部的外壁为所述聚光体。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述反射体与受光体之间具有能够使得经所述反射体反射后、自所述透明液体射向所述受光体的太阳光形成全反射现象的结构。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述反射体的至少部分反射面与受光体的受光面形成锐角，所述锐角≤40°。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置具有封闭腔体，所述封闭腔体的腔壁包括所述受光体、反射体和聚光体，所述封闭腔体内至少部分区域填充有所述透明液体。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述透明液体充满所述封闭腔体。
  8. 如权利要求6-7任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述反射体为平板、弧面板体或折面板体。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述受光体和反射体均为倾斜设置的平板，所述聚光体位于所述受光体和反射体的下方，所述受光体和反射体的上端相互连接，所述聚光体两端分别与所述受光体和反射体的下端连接。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述受光体为弧面板体，所述聚光体位于所述受光体轴向上的一端，所述反射体为折面板体，所述受光体轴向上的另一端与所述反射体连接，所述受光体倾斜设置，使所述受光体上与所述聚光体连接的一端低于所述受光体的另一端。
  11. 如权利要求如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置包括导光件，所述导光件置于所述透明液体中，其将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置汇聚。
  12. 如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置包括至少一个透明空心体，所述透明空心体为封闭结构或与大气环境连通，所述透明空心体的部分壁体与反射体贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的所述太阳光；所述透明空心体的部分壁体与透明液体接触，以透过所述太阳光或对太阳光起到全反射作用。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置包括至少一个透明空心体，所述透明空心体为封闭结构或与大气环境连通，所述透明空心体的部分壁体与反射体贴合或成一体结构，以反射射入的所述太阳光；所述透明空心体的部分壁体与透明液体接触，以透过所述太阳光或对太阳光起到全反射作用。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述透明空心体的部分壁体与所述导光件紧贴或与所述导光件为一体结构，以通过反射作用将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置汇聚。
  15. 如权利要求6至14中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置为至少两个，所述液体聚光装置分布在所述光能利用装置的同一侧，以将所述太阳光汇聚至所述光能利用装置同一侧的光能利用部上；或，所述液体聚光装置分布在所述光能利用装置的不同侧，以将所述太阳光汇聚至所述光能利用装置不同侧的光能利用部上。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述液体聚光装置包括第一液体聚光装置和第二液体聚光装置，所述光能利用部分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部，所述第一液体聚光装置将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第一光能利用部上，所述第二液体聚光装置将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第二光能利用部上。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述第一光能利用部向上设置，所述第二光能利用部向下设置，所述第一液体聚光装置位于所述第一光能利用部的上方，所述第二液体聚光装置位于所述第二光能利用部的下方，所述第一液体聚光装置和第二液体聚光装置的受光体朝向同一侧设置。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述第一液体聚光装置的受光体的受光面积大于所述第二液体聚光装置的受光体的受光面积。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，至少两个所述液体聚光装置内部相通，以连通为同一个密封腔体，所述液体聚光装置将所述太阳光引导至所述光能利用装置的同一侧或不同侧的光能利用部上。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，两个相邻液体聚光装置沿水平方向设置在所述光能利用装置的同一侧，且所述两个相邻液体聚光装置的透明液体相通，以形成一个液体聚光装置组，所述两个相邻液体聚光装置的受光体相互连接，其连接处截面呈V形，每个所述液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至同一个光能利用部上。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述光能利用部分为相互背离设置的第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部，所述液体聚光装置组至少为两个，其分别为第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组，所述第一液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第一光能利用部，所述第二液体聚光装置组将所述太阳光汇聚至所述第二光能利用部。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述光能利用装置竖向设置，所述第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组呈X形分布，所述第一液体聚光装置组和第二液体聚光装置组的上端围成一个上方开口的空腔。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述光能利用装置的上端伸出到所述空腔内，且所述第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部上端均有一部分位于所述空腔内，所述空腔的开口处覆盖有透明封闭盖，将所述空腔形成第二封闭腔，所述第二封闭腔内填充透明液体，所述太阳光从所述透明封闭盖透射至所述透明液体中，所述空腔的至少部分腔壁为反射面，以将所述太阳光向所述第一光能利用部和第二光能利用部汇聚。
  24. 如权利要求1至23中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，还包括外部反射装置，所述外部反射装置设于所述光能利用装置和液体聚光装置整体外侧，所述外部反射装置具有反射面，以将所述太阳光向所述光能利用装置和液体聚光装置汇聚，所述的外部反射装置具有内凹结构或菲涅尔透镜反射面。
  25. 如权利要求如权利要求1至24中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，所述透明液体包括水或防冻透明液体。
  26. 如权利要求如权利要求1至25中任一项所述的太阳能利用装置，其特征在于，在所述液体聚光装置的底部还设置有一个底槽，其与所述液体聚光装置的底部构成一个封闭的腔体，所述封闭的腔体内为空或者设置有第二液体。
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