WO2022100396A1 - 带倾斜面的成形件及其成形方法 - Google Patents

带倾斜面的成形件及其成形方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022100396A1
WO2022100396A1 PCT/CN2021/125357 CN2021125357W WO2022100396A1 WO 2022100396 A1 WO2022100396 A1 WO 2022100396A1 CN 2021125357 W CN2021125357 W CN 2021125357W WO 2022100396 A1 WO2022100396 A1 WO 2022100396A1
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Prior art keywords
path
forming
inclined surface
preparation process
scanning
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/125357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付俊
雷力明
周新民
付鑫
闫雪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
AECC Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
AECC Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd, AECC Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Priority to CA3172426A priority Critical patent/CA3172426A1/en
Priority to US18/252,488 priority patent/US20230415266A1/en
Priority to EP21890923.2A priority patent/EP4245438A4/en
Publication of WO2022100396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100396A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B22F10/385—Overhang structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an additive manufacturing technology, in particular to a formed part with an inclined surface and a forming method thereof.
  • LMD Laser Melting Deposition
  • RP Rapid Prototyping
  • the parts need to be added layer-by-layer at the inclined structure position to realize the formation of parts, which limits the further application of additive manufacturing technology to complex parts.
  • Coaxial powder/wire-fed laser fusion deposition techniques such as laser fusion deposition are no exception, by accumulating near-net-shape parts layer by layer.
  • it When forming the structure with inclined surface, it will produce a suspended structure without support after layering and slicing. Therefore, for parts with inclined structure, there is no support such as powder or solid structure under the inclined structure.
  • the characteristics of accumulation are directly formed, and only a small inclination angle can be formed. Generally, the inclination angle with the deposition direction does not exceed 30°. If you want to form an inclined structure with a larger inclination angle, you need to add supports and other methods.
  • the Chinese invention patent application document with publication number CN106475561A and titled "An auxiliary support structure suitable for inclined overhanging thin-walled structures” discloses an auxiliary support structure suitable for inclined overhanging thin-walled structures.
  • the grid support is used between the forming substrate and the thin-walled solid support on the back of the overhanging thin-walled structure, and the grid support and the solid support are fixed to form a whole; defects such as warpage deformation and interlayer dislocation can be avoided in the overhanging part.
  • adding the above-mentioned supports not only increases the model processing time of support addition and design, but also increases the time cost of the part additive manufacturing forming process for the design of solid supports. After forming, the support needs to be removed by machining, which results in a great waste of materials and increases the time and cost of parts processing.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a forming method of a forming part with an inclined surface, and to provide a method for forming a structural part with an inclined surface without a support structure.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a formed article with inclined surfaces, which is formed by the aforementioned method.
  • the forming method of a formed part with an inclined surface is used for forming a formed part with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface has an inclination angle, and the inclination angle is the angle between the inclined surface and the forming substrate, so the The included angle is an acute angle;
  • the forming method includes:
  • the planned scanning path includes an inner filling scanning path and a frame scanning path located on the outer periphery of the inner filling scanning path;
  • At least one layer to be formed has a suspended area and a non-suspended area protruding from the formed layer, and the frame scanning path is composed of a first path and a second path, so The first path corresponds to the non-suspended area, and the second path corresponds to the suspended area;
  • the energy density in the first preparation process parameter is smaller than the energy density in the second preparation process parameter.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the energy density in the third preparation process parameter is smaller than the energy density in the first preparation process parameter.
  • different magnitudes of the energy density are obtained by adjusting the laser power and/or scan rate in the fabrication process parameters.
  • the first path and the second path are continuously printed while forming.
  • the path planning further includes:
  • a second preparation process parameter is set for the extension path.
  • the path planning further includes:
  • the offset distance of the second path toward the infill scan path is planned.
  • the forming method before the layering and slicing of the model, the forming method further comprises:
  • a margin addition process is performed on the model.
  • the molding method of the molding with inclined surface as described above is used.
  • the second path is shaped with a relatively large energy density, so that the second path is .
  • the powder is melted and deposited to form a larger and thicker molten pool under the action of a relatively large energy density at this position, which compensates for the reduction of the molten pool at the inclined structure position due to the collapse of the partial suspended area near the boundary due to the action of gravity.
  • the deposition amount ensures that the deposition amount of the inclined structure is sufficient, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface can be effectively formed.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the shaped part formed by the present forming method
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the flow of an embodiment of the forming method
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the shaping layers forming the inclined surface in one embodiment of the part
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the path planning of the shaping layers forming the inclined surface in the part
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the path planning of the shaping layer forming the inclined surface in the part
  • FIG. 6 shows a physical diagram of laser melting deposition forming by one embodiment of the method
  • Fig. 7 is the actual picture of laser melting deposition forming by the traditional method.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a formed part formed by the present forming method, the formed part 1 has an inclined surface 10, and the formed part 1 is deposited and formed by an additive manufacturing process, and has a deposition direction a.
  • the forming part is usually placed on the surface of the forming substrate for forming, so the forming deposition direction a is usually perpendicular to the forming substrate.
  • the inclined surface 10 is a surface having an included angle x with the forming substrate, wherein the inclined surface 10 may be a plane as shown in the figure, or may be a curved surface different from the figure.
  • the included angle x is marked in the form of the angle between the inclined surface 10 and the bottom surface of the forming part.
  • the size of the included angle x is between 0° and 90°, that is, the included angle between the inclined surface 10 and the forming substrate is an acute angle.
  • the powder melted by the laser energy is liquid droplets that converge on the molten pool of the base material, and the molten pool cools and solidifies to form the body of the formed part.
  • the angle between the inclined surface 10 and the forming substrate is an acute angle, when the scanning path of the frame position is formed at the inclined surface 10, the molten pool that has not been completely solidified is in a suspended position due to the part of the area close to the boundary, which is subjected to the action of gravity. There will be a tendency to fall and collapse toward the forming substrate, so that there is a low forming quality of the inclined surface between the formed part with the inclined surface and the design model due to the collapse of the part of the molten pool close to the boundary.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the forming method, which can improve the forming quality of the formed parts with inclined surfaces.
  • the forming method includes:
  • Step S101 Obtain a model of the part to be formed, the part model may be the model of the schematic formed part 1 as shown in FIG. 1, with one inclined surface 10, or it may be different from the illustration and have two or more inclined surfaces.
  • a model of the formed part Specifically, the three-dimensional model of the part with the inclined surface 10 is placed and modeled in the three-dimensional space according to the predetermined forming direction of the part by using three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the model processing software may be three-dimensional modeling software such as UG and CAD.
  • the 3D modeling software is used to model the formed part, the position and the inclination angle of the inclined surface of the formed part can be obtained and identified.
  • Step S102 model processing, which includes step S1022: hierarchical slice processing. Specifically, for the part model obtained after modeling in the three-dimensional modeling software, according to the predetermined forming and placing position, the layered slicing process is performed along the direction perpendicular to the deposition direction to form several forming layers, and each forming layer after slicing is sliced. Both are perpendicular to the deposition direction a. Among them, each forming layer is a layer deposited during the additive manufacturing process.
  • Step S103 Scanning path planning.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the forming layer forming the inclined surface 10 in the part under one embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the forming layer forming the inclined surface in the part under one embodiment after the path planning.
  • the scanning path is the moving path of the laser spot during the additive manufacturing process.
  • scan path planning is performed for each forming layer of the model, and each planned forming layer includes an inner filling scanning path 11 and a frame located on the outer periphery of the inner filling scanning path 11 Scan path 12. As shown in FIG.
  • the frame scan path 12 is composed of a first path 121 and a second path 122.
  • the first path 121 corresponds to the non-suspended area 21a
  • the second path 122 corresponds to the suspended area 20a. That is to say, it can be understood that the corresponding frame scanning path 12 is a forming path for forming the outer contour of the product, and the inner filling scanning path 11 is a product forming path after removing the frame scanning path 12 .
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the relative positional relationship between the inner filling scanning path 11 , the first path 121 and the second path 122 in the frame scanning path 12 in the form of a dashed block diagram, which is not intended to limit its specific scope.
  • the second path 122 when the radius of the laser spot formed along the second path 122 is smaller than the width of the suspended area 20a, the second path 122 only includes the frame scanning path 12 in the suspended area 20a, while Excluding the corresponding portion of the inner filled scanning path 11 in the overhang area 20a, in this embodiment, a relatively small part inclination angle x can be formed for the same spot size.
  • the radius of the laser spot formed along the second path 122 is larger than the width of the area that is suspended and protrudes from the formed layer, at least a part of the forming area of the second path 122 is the suspended area 20a, and a part of the forming area is the same as the forming area 20a.
  • a relatively large part inclination angle x can be formed for the same spot size.
  • Step S104 Set the forming parameters. Specifically, according to the size of the inclination angle x of the part to be formed, the first preparation process parameters are set for the first path 121 , and the second preparation process parameters are set for the second path 122 . Wherein, the energy density in the first preparation process parameter is smaller than the energy density in the second preparation process parameter.
  • the preparation process parameters include one or more parameters of laser power, scanning rate, powder feeding rate, spot diameter, scanning spacing and layer thickness.
  • the preparation process parameters for the inclination of the formed part are obtained by trial and error.
  • the relationship between the inclination of the part and one or more parameters in the adjustment of the preparation process parameters can also be obtained by summarizing, so as to obtain the preparation process parameters for the inclination of the formed part.
  • Step S105 printing the formed parts layer by layer. Specifically, layer-by-layer printing is performed according to the set preparation process parameters, thereby forming the formed part 1 with the inclined surface 10 as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the forming method adopts the laser melting deposition process (LDM) forming in the powder feeding/wire feeding process. Compared with the additive manufacturing process of powder bed melting supported by powder, the laser melting deposition process (LDM) is formed because of the forming part.
  • LDM laser melting deposition process
  • the second path 122 is shaped with a relatively large energy density, so that the powder is melted and deposited to form a larger and thicker molten pool under the action of relatively large energy density at this position, which compensates for the gravity of the partially suspended area near the boundary of the molten pool at the inclined structure position.
  • the deposition amount reduced by the collapse ensures that the deposition amount of the inclined structure is sufficient, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface can be effectively formed.
  • the setting of the preparation process parameters further includes:
  • a third preparation process parameter is set for the infill scan path 11 .
  • the energy density in the third preparation process parameter is smaller than the energy density in the first preparation process parameter.
  • the energy density in the third preparation process parameter ⁇ the energy density in the first preparation process parameter ⁇ the energy density in the second preparation process parameter. That is, the second path 122 is shaped with a relatively greater energy density.
  • the energy densities of different sizes are obtained by adjusting the laser power and/or the scanning rate in the manufacturing process parameters. Specifically, as in one embodiment, energy densities of different sizes are obtained by adjusting the scan rate. In this embodiment, the scan rate in the second preparation process parameter ⁇ the scan rate in the first preparation process parameter ⁇ third Scan rate in preparative process parameters. As in another embodiment, the energy density of different sizes is obtained by adjusting the laser power. In this embodiment, the laser power in the third preparation process parameter ⁇ the laser power in the first preparation process parameter ⁇ the second preparation process Laser power in parameters.
  • the first path 121 and the second path 122 are continuously printed, that is, the first path 121 and the second path 122 are continuously printed, and only during the forming process
  • the forming parameters are set differently in the process to ensure the continuity of the frame forming.
  • an included angle of 90° may be set between the filling scanning paths 11 in two adjacent layers.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the forming layer forming the inclined surface in the part after the path planning in another embodiment.
  • the forming path of the inner filling 11 and the forming path of the frame scanning path 12 There is an angle between them.
  • the path planning further includes:
  • An extension path b extending along the first path 121 of the frame 12 in the second path 122 is set.
  • the first path 121 and the second path 122 are continuous but do not overlap.
  • Planning the extension path b can ensure that the contact position between the first path 121 and the second path 122 has a sufficient forming layer thickness, so as to improve the formability of the adjacent position between the first path 121 and the second path 122 .
  • the extension path b is formed using the same second preparation process parameters as the second path 122 .
  • the selection of the extension path b is generally related to the size of the laser spot diameter, preferably, 0.5 to 1 spot diameter.
  • the selection of the spot diameter is related to the laser power and the powder spot diameter in the forming parameters.
  • the spot diameter and the powder spot diameter are basically the same.
  • the spot diameter and the powder spot diameter are often used, such as about 5mm.
  • the distance c between the second path 122 and the scan path of the inner fill 11 is set.
  • the distance c is related to the diameter of the forming spot. For larger spot diameters, such as 5mm and above, the distance c is often selected as 0.8-2.5mm; for smaller spot diameters, such as 1mm and below, the distance c is often selected 0.4-0.6mm.
  • the path planning further includes planning an offset distance between the scanning paths of the second path 122 toward the inner filling 11 .
  • the scanning path of the second path 122 is offset inward by a certain distance, which can effectively reduce the inclined suspended part of the molten pool and reduce the collapse during the forming process, so that the molten pool can be more accumulated and solidified at the inclined structure position, and the inclined angle can be formed.
  • a larger offset distance is usually selected for a formed part with a relatively small part inclination angle x; and a small offset distance is usually selected for a formed part with a relatively large part inclination angle x.
  • the offset distance is preferably 0-0.1 mm, and for a formed part with an inclination angle of less than 60°, the offset distance is preferably 0.1-1.5 mm.
  • step S102 the model processing further includes step S1021: performing a margin addition process on the model.
  • Margin addition processing refers to adding printing margin at the outline of the part, so that the part can have sufficient dimensional margin after machining and other post-processing or surface treatment after forming, so as to ensure the final dimensional accuracy of the part.
  • different powder feeders and laser cladding heads can be used for the inner filling 11 and the frame 12, and the printing method can be that the frame 12 and the inner filling 11 in each single layer are printed successively, or Can be synchronous printing.
  • a formed part with inclined surfaces formed by one or more of the above-mentioned forming methods.
  • the parts are sliced by 2D slicing software, and the corresponding edges of the inclined surface in the 2D slice layer are identified, and the area is divided and the forming path is planned for each layer.
  • a schematic diagram of a forming layer after area division and forming path planning can be shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the forming of the current layer is completed according to the planned forming strategy and process parameters. After forming one layer, the next layer is filled by rotating 90° counterclockwise, without changing the scanning paths of the first path 121 and the second path 122 in the frame 12. Laser scanning strategy, and so on to complete the part tilt angle forming.
  • Fig. 6 shows the actual picture of laser melting deposition forming by the aforementioned method
  • Fig. 7 is the actual picture of laser melting deposition forming by the general method.
  • the measured angle x of the formed part in Figure 6 is 70.4°
  • the measured angle x' of the formed part in Figure 7 is 76.1°.
  • the forming error of the parts formed by this method is 0.57%
  • the forming error of the parts formed by the general method is 8.71%.
  • the forming error of the inclination angle of the parts formed by this method is greatly reduced, which improves the quality of the formed parts. quality.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the parts are sliced by 2D slicing software, and the corresponding edges of the inclined surface in the 2D slice layer are identified, and the area is divided and the forming path is planned for each layer.
  • a schematic diagram of a forming layer after area division and forming path planning can be shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the forming of the current layer is completed according to the planned forming strategy and process parameters. After one layer is formed, the next layer is filled with a counterclockwise rotation of 90°, and the laser scanning strategy of the first path 121 and the second path 122 in the frame 12 is not changed. , and this cycle is completed until the forming of the inclined angle of the part is completed.
  • Parts formed by this method have an actual forming angle of 48° and a forming error of 6.7%, while parts with an inclination angle less than 60° cannot be formed in general forming processes.

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Abstract

一种带倾斜面成形件的成形方法及一种带倾斜面的成形件。其中，成形方法包括：获得待成形零件的模型；对模型分层切片处理成为若干成形层（2a）；对每一成形层（2a）进行扫描路径规划。其中，对于构成倾斜面（10）的多个成形层中具有悬空区域（20a）以及非悬空区域（21a），边框扫描路径（12）由第一路径（121）以及第二路径（122）组成，第一路径（121）对应非悬空区域（21a），第二路径（122）对应悬空区域（20a）。根据倾角大小对第一路径（121）、第二路径（122）设定制备工艺参数，并根据已设定的制备工艺参数逐层打印。其中，第一路径（121）制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于第二路径（122）制备工艺参数中的能量密度。通过本成形方法能够确保倾斜面的倾斜角度能够有效成形。

Description

带倾斜面的成形件及其成形方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种增材制造技术，尤其涉及一种带倾斜面的成形件及其成形方法。
背景技术
增材制造(Additive Manufacturing，AM)技术作为一种新兴制造技术近年来发展迅猛，激光熔化沉积(Laser Melting Deposition，LMD)技术是在快速原型制造(Rapid Prototyping，RP)基础上发展起来的一种先进的直接能量沉积增材制造技术，与传统的锻造-机械加工成形技术相比，具有：(1)材料利用率高，机加工量小；(2)生产过程工序少，工艺简单，具有较高的柔性和快速反应能力；(3)成形过程无需模具、生产制造成本低，周期短的工艺特点，能极大的满足高熔点、难加工、价格昂贵的金属材料的低成本制造，广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、船舶等领域。
基于增材制造离散-堆积的技术原理，零件在倾斜结构位置需通过添加支撑才能实现逐层堆积，最终实现零件成形，这就限制了增材制造技术在复杂零件上的进一步应用。如激光熔化沉积等同轴送粉/送丝的激光熔化沉积技术也不例外，通过逐层累积近净成形零件。其在对具有倾斜面结构进行成形时，在分层切片后会产生没有支撑的悬空结构，因此，针对具有倾斜结构的零件，在倾斜结构下方无粉末、实体结构等支撑，若依靠自身逐层堆积的特点直接成形，仅能成形较小的倾斜角度，一般与沉积方向的倾斜角度不超过30°，若想成形具有更大倾斜角的倾斜结构，则需通过添加支撑等方式成形。
如公开号为CN106475561A，名称为“一种适用于倾斜悬垂薄壁结构的辅助支撑结构”的中国发明专利申请文件中公开了一种适用于倾斜悬垂薄壁结构的辅助支撑结构，其在悬垂端和成形基板间采用网格支撑，在悬垂薄壁结构背面采用薄片式实体支撑，且网格支撑与实体支撑固连形成整体；可避免悬垂部位出现翘曲变形及层间错位等缺陷。
然而添加上述支撑不仅增加了支撑添加和设计的模型处理时间，实体支撑的设计也会增加零件增材制造成形过程的时间成本。成形后支撑还需通过机加工的 方式去除，造成了材料的极大浪费，零件加工的时间和成本也随之增加。
现有技术已有关于通过调节成形参数来获得具有倾斜面成形件的研究，如公开号为CN110696366A，名称为“一种增材制造技术成型倾斜面的表面形貌调控方法”的中国发明专利申请文件中记载了将成型零件进行了轴向梯度化和周向梯度化两个过程，并在成型时将不同部分配置不同的成型工艺参数，使得加工得到的零件表面形貌基本一致，不同倾角部分表面粗糙度差异小。
然而现有技术中仍缺少对于送粉/送丝增材制造工艺成形无支撑倾斜面结构的研究。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，提供了一种无支撑结构成形具有倾斜面结构零件的方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种带倾斜面的成形件，其通过前述方法成形。
为实现前述一个目的的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，用于成形带倾斜面的成形件，所述倾斜面具有倾角，所述倾角为所述倾斜面与成形基板之间的夹角，所述夹角为锐角；
所述成形方法包括：
获得待成形零件的模型，所述模型具有至少一个倾斜面；
对所述模型沿垂直于沉积方向分层切片处理成为若干成形层；
对每一所述成形层进行扫描路径规划，规划后的所述扫描路径包括内填充扫描路径以及位于所述内填充扫描路径外周的边框扫描路径；
其中，对于构成所述倾斜面的多个成形层中，至少一个待成形层具有突出于已成形层的悬空区域以及非悬空区域，所述边框扫描路径由第一路径以及第二路径组成，所述第一路径对应所述非悬空区域，所述第二路径对应所述悬空区域；
根据倾角大小对所述第一路径设定第一制备工艺参数，以及对所述第二路径设定第二制备工艺参数；
采用激光熔化沉积工艺，根据已设定的所述制备工艺参数逐层打印，以成形带倾斜面的成形件；
其中，所述第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于所述第二制备工艺参数中的 能量密度。
在一个或多个实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
对所述内填充扫描路径设定第三制备工艺参数；
其中，所述第三制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于所述第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度。
在一个或多个实施方式中，通过调节制备工艺参数中的激光功率和/或扫描速率以获得不同大小的所述能量密度。
在一个或多个实施方式中，成形时，对所述第一路径以及所述第二路径连续打印。
在一个或多个实施方式中，相邻两成形层中，所述内填充扫描路径之间具有90°夹角。
在一个或多个实施方式中，所述路径规划还包括：
规划所述第二路径沿所述第一路径延伸的延伸路径；
规划所述第二路径与所述内填充扫描路径之间的距离；
其中，对所述延伸路径设定第二制备工艺参数。
在一个或多个实施方式中，所述路径规划还包括：
规划所述第二路径朝向所述内填充扫描路径的偏置距离。
在一个或多个实施方式中，在所述对所述模型进行分层切片处理之前，所述成形方法还包括：
对所述模型进行余量添加处理。
为实现前述另一目的的带倾斜面的成形件，采用如前所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法成形。
本发明的进步效果包括至少如下：
通过在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层中，将成形层的边框扫描路径划分成为第一路径以及第二路径，对第二路径采用相对较大的能量密度进行成形，使得第二路径在成形过程中，粉末在该位置受相对较大能量密度的作用而熔化沉积形成更大更厚的熔池，补偿熔池在倾斜结构位置因靠近边界的部分悬空区域受重力作用产生塌陷而减少的沉积量，从而保证了倾斜结构沉积量足够，确保倾斜面的倾斜角度能够有效成形。
附图概述
本发明的具体特征、性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步给出。
图1示意性示出了通过本成形方法成形的成形件一个实施方式的示意图；
图2为本成形方法一个实施方式的流程示意框图；
图3示出了零件一个实施方式中构成倾斜面的成形层的示意图；
图4示出了在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层路径规划一个实施方式的示意图；
图5示出了在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层路径规划另一实施方式的示意图；
图6示出了通过本方法一个实施方式激光熔化沉积成形实物图；
图7为采用传统方法激光熔化沉积成形实物图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例，如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。另外，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此也不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
如下一个或多个实施方式中的一个方面提供了一种成形方法，用于成形带有倾斜面的成形件。如图1示意性示出了通过本成形方法成形的成形件一个实施方式的示意图，成形件1具有倾斜面10，成形件1通过增材制造工艺沉积成形，具有沉积方向a。在增材制造成形工艺中，成形件通常被置于成形基板表面进行成形，故成形沉积方向a通常与成形基板垂直。
倾斜面10是与成形基板之间具有夹角x的面，其中，倾斜面10可以是如图中所示的呈平面，也可以是与图示不同的是一种曲面。如在图1中所示的成形件示意图中，由于成形件的底面与基板平行，故夹角x以倾斜面10与成形件底面之间夹角的形式标识出。
其中，夹角x的大小位于0°至90°之间，即倾斜面10与成形基板之间的夹角呈锐角。
在增材制造的过程中，受到激光能量熔化的粉末呈液态熔滴汇聚于基材熔池，熔池冷却凝固后形成成形件本体。由于倾斜面10与成形基板之间的夹角呈锐角，位于倾斜面10处进行边框位置扫描路径的成形时，尚未完全凝固的熔池由于靠近边界的部分区域处于悬空位置，该区域受到重力作用将会具有朝向成形基板下坠、塌陷的趋势，使得实际具有倾斜面的成形件与设计模型之间存在因熔池靠近边界的部分发生塌陷而导致的倾斜面成形质量低下。同时，当夹角x越小，熔池靠近边界的部分悬空区域越多，则受到重力影响而具有塌陷的趋势更显著，更加容易产生塌陷现象，从而导致成形件的质量进一步下降。现有技术中对于具有倾斜面的零件进行直接成形时，对于夹角x小于60°的零件已难以成形，需要在成形过程中添加额外的辅助支撑。
如图2为本成形方法一个实施方式的流程示意框图，能够提升对于具有倾斜面成形件的成形质量，本成形方法包括：
步骤S101：获得待成形零件的模型，零件模型可以是如图1所示的示意性成形件1的模型，具有一个倾斜面10，也可以是与图示不同的，具有两个或多个倾斜面的成形件模型。具体地，通过三维建模软件将具有倾斜面10的零件的三维模型在三维空间中按照零件预定成形的方向进行摆放建模，其中模型处理软件可为UG、CAD等三维建模软件。在三维建模软件对成形件进行建模时，能够获得并标识出成形件的倾斜面所在位置及倾斜角度。
步骤S102：模型处理，其包括步骤S1022：分层切片处理。具体地，是针对于三维建模软件中建模后获得的零件模型按照预定的成形摆放位置，沿垂直于沉积方向进行分层切片处理，以成为若干成形层，切片后的每个成形层均与沉积方向a垂直。其中，每个成形层即为增材制造过程中所堆叠沉积的一层。
步骤S103：扫描路径规划。如图3示出了零件中构成倾斜面10的成形层一个实施方式下的示意图，图4示出了路径规划后在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层的一个实施方式下的示意图。扫描路径为增材制造过程中，激光光斑的移动路径。具体来说，当零件模型完成分层切片处理后，对于模型的每一成形层进行扫描路径规划，规划后的每一成形层均包括内填充扫描路径11以及位于内填充扫描 路径11外周的边框扫描路径12。而对于如图3所示、在零件中构成该倾斜面10的多个成形层中，至少一个待成形层2a具有如图3中所示、突出于已成形层2b的悬空区域20a以及非悬空区域21a。结合参见图3以及图4，边框扫描路径12又由第一路径121以及第二路径122组成，在边框路径12中，第一路径121对应非悬空区域21a，而第二路径122则对应悬空区域20a。即可以理解的是，对应边框扫描路径12是用于成形产品的外轮廓的成形路径，而内填充扫描路径11则是除去边框扫描路径12后的产品成形路径。
其中，图4中以虚线框图的形式示意性示出了内填充扫描路径11、边框扫描路径12中的第一路径121以及第二路径122的相对位置关系，并不用于限制其具体的范围。
为进一步阐述内填充扫描路径11与边框扫描路径12之间的相互位置关系，以下内容举例说明。结合图3以及图4可以知晓，当成形时沿着第二路径122成形的激光光斑半径小于该悬空区域20a的宽度时，第二路径122仅包括悬空区域20a中的边框扫描路径12部分，而不包括悬空区域20a中对应的内填充扫描路径11部分，在此实施例中，对于同样的光斑大小能够成形相对较小的零件倾角x。当成形时沿着第二路径122成形的激光光斑半径大于该悬空并突出于已成形层的区域的宽度时，该第二路径122的成形区域至少一部分为该悬空区域20a，且有一部分与成形时沿着扫描路径11的激光光斑重合，在此实施例中，对于同样的光斑大小能够成形相对较大的零件倾角x。
步骤S104：设定成形参数。具体而言，根据待成形零件倾角x的大小，对第一路径121设定第一制备工艺参数，以及对第二路径122设定第二制备工艺参数。其中，第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于第二制备工艺参数中的能量密度。
制备工艺参数包括激光功率、扫描速率、送粉速率、光斑直径、扫描间距以及层厚中的一个或多个参数。在一个实施方式中，是通过调节制备工艺参数中的一个或多个参数，对比成形试件与参数之间的变化关系，通过试错的方式来得到针对成形零件倾角的制备工艺参数。在另一实施方式中，也可以通过总结得到零件倾角与调节制备工艺参数中的一个或多个参数的关系式，从而得到针对成形零件倾角的制备工艺参数。
步骤S105：逐层打印成形件。具体地，是根据已设定的制备工艺参数进行逐 层打印，从而成形如图1所示、带有倾斜面10的成形件1。其中，成形方法采用送粉/送丝工艺中的激光熔化沉积工艺(LDM)成形，相对于有粉末进行支撑的粉末床熔融的增材制造工艺，激光熔化沉积工艺(LDM)成形时因成形件悬空区域下方无粉末等支撑更易发生塌陷现象，而采用本成形方法，使得在激光熔化沉积工艺(LDM)进行成形时，也能够减少成形过程中的塌陷现象，提高倾斜角度的成形精度，从而提升成形质量。
通过在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层中，将成形层的边框扫描路径12划分成为第一路径121以及第二路径122，对第二路径122采用相对较大的能量密度进行成形，使得第二路径122在成形过程中，粉末在该位置受相对较大能量密度的作用而熔化沉积形成更大更厚的熔池，补偿熔池在倾斜结构位置因靠近边界的部分悬空区域受重力作用产生塌陷而减少的沉积量，从而保证了倾斜结构沉积量足够，确保倾斜面的倾斜角度能够有效成形。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，对于制备工艺参数的设定还包括：
对内填充扫描路径11设定第三制备工艺参数。
其中，所述第三制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度。
综合上述，即在本成形方法中，第三制备工艺参数中的能量密度<第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度<第二制备工艺参数中的能量密度。亦即对于第二路径122采用相对更大的能量密度成形。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，是通过调节制备工艺参数中的激光功率和/或扫描速率来获得不同大小的能量密度。具体地，如在一个实施方式中，通过调节扫描速率来获得不同大小的能量密度，在此实施方式中，第二制备工艺参数中的扫描速率<第一制备工艺参数中的扫描速率<第三制备工艺参数中的扫描速率。如在另一实施方式中，通过调节激光功率来获得不同大小的能量密度，在此实施方式中，第三制备工艺参数中的激光功率<第一制备工艺参数中的激光功率<第二制备工艺参数中的激光功率。
如图2所示，在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，成形时，对第一路径121以及第二路径122连续打印，即第一路径121与第二路径122之间连续打印，仅在成形过程中对成形参数设置不同，保证边框成形的连续性。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，成形时，为减少成形过程中的应力集中，可设置相邻两层内填充扫描路径11的之间具有90°夹角。
如图5示出了另一实施方式下，路径规划后在零件中构成所述倾斜面的成形层的示意图，在此实施方式中，内填充11的成形路径与边框扫描路径12中的成形路径之间存在夹角。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，路径规划还包括：
设定第二路径122中沿边框12的第一路径121延伸的延伸路径b。第一路径121与第二路径122连续但不重合，通常由于第一路径121与第二路径122之间存在夹角，直接成形将会导致两条路径相接位置成形过程中熔池塌陷，通过规划延伸路径b能够保证第一路径121与第二路径122之间相接位置具有足够的成形层厚，以提高第一路径121与第二路径122之间相邻位置的成形性。其中，对延伸路径b采用与第二路径122相同的第二制备工艺参数进行成形。对于延伸路径b的选择通常与激光光斑直径的大小有关，优选地，0.5至1个光斑直径大小。
其中的，光斑直径大小选取与成形参数中的激光功率及粉斑直径大小相关，具体地，一般光斑直径和粉斑直径基本保持一致，对于较小的激光功率，如1000W以下，常采用较小的激光光斑直径和粉斑直径，如0.5mm左右；对于较大的激光功率，如2500W以上，常采用较大的激光光斑直径和粉斑直径，如5mm左右。
设定第二路径122与内填充11的扫描路径之间的距离c。通过规划距离c，以进一步确保成形过程第二路径122熔池和内填充11的熔池能有效搭接，形成致密的组织结构，保证零件近边界位置的成形性和冶金结合成形质量。其中，距离c的选取与成形光斑直径相关，对于较大的光斑直径，如5mm及以上，常选取距离c为0.8-2.5mm；对于较小的光斑直径，如1mm及以下，常选取距离c为0.4-0.6mm。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，路径规划还包括规划第二路径122朝向内填充11的扫描路径之间的偏置距离。第二路径122的扫描路径向内偏置一定距离，能有效减少熔池倾斜悬空部分，减少成形过程塌陷，使熔池能更多的堆积凝固在倾斜结构位置，保证倾斜角度成形。其中，对于零件倾角x相对较小的成形件，通常选取较大的偏置距离；而对于零件倾角x相对较大的成形件，通常选取较小的偏置距离。如，对于倾角大于60°的成形件，优选地，偏置距离选取0- 0.1mm，对于倾角小于60°的成形件，优选地，偏置距离选取0.1-1.5mm。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，步骤S102：模型处理还包括步骤S1021：对所述模型进行余量添加处理。余量添加处理是指在零件的轮廓处添加打印余量，以使得零件成形后进行机加等后处理或表面处理具有足够的尺寸余量，保证零件最终的尺寸精度。
在本成形方法的一个实施方式中，对于内填充11以及边框12可以采用不同的送粉器以及激光熔覆头，打印方式可以是每个单层中的边框12以及内填充11先后打印，也可以是同步打印。
另一个方面，还提供了一种带倾斜面的成形件，采用如前所述的一个或多个成形方法成形。
以下分别通过两个具体实施例来进行进一步阐述：
实施例一：
将具有70°倾斜角度的零件在三维模型处理软件中按照预定成形方向进行摆放识别倾斜面，倾斜面与基板之间呈70°倾斜角。
对零件进行余量添加设计，边框单边增加半个光斑的余量。通过二维切片软件对零件进行分层切片处理，识别倾斜面在二维切片层中对应边，对每层进行区域划分以及成形路径规划。区域划分以及成形路径规划后的一个成形层的示意图可以如图4所示。
对内填充设定第三制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，内填充扫描速率1000mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
对第一路径设定第一制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，内边框扫描速率800mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
对第二路径设定第二制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，外边框扫描速率67.5％*800＝540mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
设定延伸路径b＝3mm，距离c＝0.8mm。
按照规划的成形策略和工艺参数完成当前层的成形，成形一层后下一层则内填充按逆时针方向旋转90°，不改变边框12中第一路径121和第二路径122的扫描路径的激光扫描策略，如此循环至完成零件倾斜角度成形。
如图6示出了通过前述方法激光熔化沉积成形实物图，图7为一般方法激光熔 化沉积成形实物图。其中图6中成形件的实测角度x为70.4°，图7中成形件的实测角度x’为76.1°。采用本方法成形的零件，成形误差为0.57％，而采用一般方法成形的零件，成形误差为8.71％，相较之下，采用本方法成形的零件倾斜角成形误差大大减少，提升了成形件的质量。
实施例二：
将具有45°倾斜角度的零件在三维模型处理软件中按照预定成形方向进行摆放识别倾斜面，倾斜面与基板之间呈45°倾斜角。
对零件进行余量添加设计，边框单边增加半个光斑的余量。通过二维切片软件对零件进行分层切片处理，识别倾斜面在二维切片层中对应边，对每层进行区域划分以及成形路径规划。区域划分以及成形路径规划后的一个成形层的示意图可以如图5所示。
对内填充设定第三制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，内填充扫描速率1000mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
对第一路径设定第一制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，内边框扫描速率800mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
对第二路径设定第二制备工艺参数，包括：激光功率P＝2800W，外边框扫描速率50％*800＝400mm/min，送粉率20-22g/min，光斑直径5mm，层厚0.8mm。
设定延伸路径b＝3mm，距离c＝0.8mm，设定第二路径122扫描路径向内偏置0.1mm。
按照规划的成形策略和工艺参数完成当前层的成形，成形一层后下一层则内填充按逆时针方向旋转90°，不改变边框12中第一路径121和第二路径122的激光扫描策略，如此循环至完成零件倾斜角度成形。
采用本方法成形的零件，实际成形角度为48°，成形误差为6.7％，而一般成形工艺中无法成形倾斜角度小于60°的零件。
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做出可能的变动和修改。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化及修饰，均落入本发明权利要求所界定的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，用于成形带倾斜面的成形件，所述倾斜面具有倾角，所述倾角为所述倾斜面与成形基板之间的夹角，所述夹角为锐角；
    其特征在于，所述成形方法包括：
    获得待成形零件的模型，所述模型具有至少一个倾斜面；
    对所述模型沿垂直于沉积方向分层切片处理成为若干成形层；
    对每一所述成形层进行扫描路径规划，规划后的所述扫描路径包括内填充扫描路径以及位于所述内填充扫描路径外周的边框扫描路径；
    其中，对于构成所述倾斜面的多个成形层中，至少一个待成形层具有突出于已成形层的悬空区域以及非悬空区域，所述边框扫描路径由第一路径以及第二路径组成，所述第一路径对应所述非悬空区域，所述第二路径对应所述悬空区域；
    根据倾角大小对所述第一路径设定第一制备工艺参数，以及对所述第二路径设定第二制备工艺参数；
    采用激光熔化沉积工艺，根据已设定的所述制备工艺参数逐层打印，以成形带倾斜面的成形件；
    其中，所述第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于所述第二制备工艺参数中的能量密度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    对所述内填充扫描路径设定第三制备工艺参数；
    其中，所述第三制备工艺参数中的能量密度小于所述第一制备工艺参数中的能量密度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于，通过调节制备工艺参数中的激光功率和/或扫描速率以获得不同大小的所述能量密度。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于：
    成形时，对所述第一路径以及所述第二路径连续打印。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于：
    相邻两成形层中，所述内填充扫描路径之间具有90°夹角。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于，所述路径规划还包括：
    规划所述第二路径沿所述第一路径延伸的延伸路径；
    规划所述第二路径与所述内填充扫描路径之间的距离；
    其中，对所述延伸路径设定第二制备工艺参数。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于，所述路径 规划还包括：
    规划所述第二路径朝向所述内填充扫描路径的偏置距离。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法，其特征在于，在所述对所述模型进行分层切片处理之前，所述成形方法还包括：
    对所述模型进行余量添加处理。
  9. 一种带倾斜面的成形件，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的带倾斜面成形件的成形方法成形。
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