WO2022105752A1 - 一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022105752A1
WO2022105752A1 PCT/CN2021/130949 CN2021130949W WO2022105752A1 WO 2022105752 A1 WO2022105752 A1 WO 2022105752A1 CN 2021130949 W CN2021130949 W CN 2021130949W WO 2022105752 A1 WO2022105752 A1 WO 2022105752A1
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Prior art keywords
wave
frequency
mode
frequency sound
low
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PCT/CN2021/130949
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘天博
彭怀明
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Lvfen Environmental Protection Tech Co Ltd
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Lvfen Environmental Protection Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/027,135 priority Critical patent/US20230330717A1/en
Priority to KR1020237014882A priority patent/KR20230088738A/ko
Priority to EP21893899.1A priority patent/EP4194111A4/en
Priority to JP2023526512A priority patent/JP7612015B2/ja
Publication of WO2022105752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022105752A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/02—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by reversal of direction of flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
    • B08B7/026—Using sound waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B07B4/025—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall the material being slingered or fled out horizontally before falling, e.g. by dispersing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/04—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by impingement against baffle separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
    • B08B5/02—Cleaning by the force of jets, e.g. blowing-out cavities
    • B08B5/023—Cleaning travelling work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/04—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by a combination of operations

Definitions

  • the present invention requires a Chinese invention patent with a patent application number of 202011282872.3 and an application date of November 17, 2020, a Chinese invention patent with a patent application number of 202110325003.2 and an application date of March 26, 2021, and a patent application number of 202120618127.5, The priority of Chinese utility model patents whose filing date is March 26, 2021.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of impurity removal, in particular to a method and device for removing impurities in pellets.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for removing impurities in pellets, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to quickly and effectively remove impurities in the prior art.
  • the present invention proposes a device for removing impurities in pellets, which includes a casing with a separation cavity and a blower for introducing air flow into the separation cavity or/and an induced draft fan for drawing out air flow, and a low frequency At least one of a sound wave generating device, a first high-frequency sound wave generating device, and a high-frequency sound wave solid guided wave assembly, the low-frequency sound waves emitted by the low-frequency sound wave generating device and the high-frequency sound waves emitted by the first high-frequency sound wave generating device
  • the gas can be used as a wave-guiding medium to transmit to the particles to be removed in the separation cavity.
  • the high-frequency sound waves emitted by the second high-frequency sound wave generating device can be transmitted by the solid wave-guiding medium to the particles to be removed in the separation cavity.
  • the present invention also proposes a method for removing impurities in pellets, which comprises: adopting at least one of a low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, a high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, and a high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode to transmit the acoustic wave to the On the granules to be removed, in order to weaken the binding force between the granules and the impurities in the granules to be removed, and at the same time, the separation of the impurities and the granules is strengthened by using an air flow; wherein: the low-frequency acoustic wave guide The wave mode is that the low-frequency sound wave is transmitted by gas as the guiding medium; the high-frequency acoustic wave gas guiding mode is that the high-frequency acoustic wave is transmitted by gas as the guiding medium; the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guiding mode is that the high-frequency sound wave is transmitted by solid guided wave
  • the present invention also provides a device for removing impurities in pellets, which is the device used in the above-mentioned method for removing impurities in pellets.
  • the device includes a housing with a separation chamber and a gas stream for introducing gas into the separation chamber.
  • the blower or/and the induced draft fan that draws out the airflow also includes at least one of a low-frequency sound wave generating device, a first high-frequency sound wave generating device and a high-frequency sound wave solid guided wave assembly, and the work of the low-frequency sound wave generating device
  • the mode is the low frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode
  • the working mode of the first high frequency acoustic wave generating device is the high frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode
  • the working mode of the high frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave assembly is the high frequency acoustic wave guided wave mode.
  • the high-frequency acoustic wave solid-guiding mode the high-frequency acoustic solid-guiding component includes a connected second high-frequency acoustic wave generating device and a solid-guiding medium.
  • the present invention utilizes the sound energy of sound waves to play a sound-induced fatigue effect on the granules and the impurities attached to the surface thereof, and can weaken or even remove the binding force between the granules and the impurities, so that a gap or separation is formed between the two, and the adhesion is eliminated.
  • the impurities in the form of granules are transformed into dispersed impurities, and the dispersed impurities are blown away from the granules with the help of wind flow, so as to realize the efficient separation of the granules and the impurities, so that the granules can be deeply purified.
  • the impurities in the pellets can be quickly and effectively removed, especially the adhering impurities.
  • the method of the present invention removes the impurities in the pellets, with high separation efficiency, high separation accuracy and low investment cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a device for removing impurities in pellets according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a device for removing impurities in pellets according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the top view of the first kind of sliding plate in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the side view of the slide plate in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is the front view of the second kind of sliding plate
  • Fig. 7 is the top view of the slide plate in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is the front view of the third sliding plate
  • Fig. 9 is the top view of the slide plate in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is the front view of the fourth kind of skateboard
  • Figure 11 is a top view of the slide plate in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a front view of the fifth sliding plate
  • Figure 13 is a top view of the slide plate in Figure 12;
  • Fig. 14 is the front view of the sixth kind of sliding plate
  • Figure 15 is a top view of the slide plate in Figure 14;
  • Fig. 16 is the front view of the seventh kind of sliding plate
  • Figure 17 is a top view of the slide plate in Figure 16;
  • Fig. 18 is the front view of the eighth kind of sliding plate
  • Figure 19 is a top view of the slide plate in Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the first cloth method
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the second method of cloth
  • Figure 22 is a top view of Figure 21;
  • Fig. 23 is the schematic diagram of the third cloth method
  • Figure 24 is a top view of Figure 23;
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the fourth method of cloth
  • Fig. 26 is the schematic diagram of the fifth cloth method
  • Figure 27 is a top view of Figure 26;
  • Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the sixth method of cloth
  • Fig. 29 is the schematic diagram of the seventh cloth method
  • Fig. 30 is the schematic diagram of the eighth cloth method
  • Fig. 31 is the schematic diagram of the ninth cloth method
  • Figure 32 is a top view of Figure 31;
  • Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the tenth cloth method
  • FIG. 34 is a plan view of FIG. 33 .
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • pellet granular material
  • pellet with adsorbed impurities is called "pellet to be removed”.
  • the impurities in the pellets mainly exist in the pellets in two forms: dispersed and attached.
  • the attached impurities are attached (adsorbed) on the surface of the pellets due to the electromagnetic force, liquid bridge force, van der Waals force and other binding forces.
  • the difficulty of cleaning is also the key point.
  • the prior art usually adopts water washing method, mechanical vibration method, etc. to remove impurities in the pellets, but these methods all have the disadvantages of low separation efficiency, poor separation accuracy, high investment cost and large device volume, etc., and it is difficult to remove impurities quickly and effectively, especially It is difficult to remove adhering impurities.
  • the present invention provides a method for removing impurities in pellets, comprising: adopting at least one of a low-frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode, a high-frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode and a high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode.
  • the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is a low-frequency
  • the acoustic wave is transmitted by air as the guiding medium
  • the high-frequency acoustic wave gas guiding mode is the high-frequency acoustic wave and the air is transmitted as the guiding medium
  • the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guiding mode is the high-frequency acoustic wave is transmitted by the solid
  • the frequency of the low frequency sound wave is 1Hz ⁇ 350Hz, preferably 10Hz ⁇ 350Hz
  • the frequency of the high frequency sound wave is 6kHz ⁇ 40kHz, such as 9kHz, 12kHz, preferably, the frequency of the high frequency sound wave is 6Hz ⁇ 20Hz.
  • the present invention utilizes the sound energy of sound waves to play a sound-induced fatigue effect on the granules and the impurities attached to the surface thereof, and can weaken or even remove the binding force between the granules and the impurities, so that a gap or separation is formed between the two, and the adhesion is eliminated.
  • the impurities in the form of particles are transformed into the impurities in the form of disperse, and the dispersed impurities are blown away from the granules with the help of wind airflow, so as to realize the efficient separation of the granules and the impurities, so that the granules can be deeply purified.
  • the invention can quickly and effectively remove the impurities in the pellets, especially the adhering impurities.
  • the separation efficiency is high, the separation precision is high, and the investment cost is low.
  • any one of the three modes may be used, any two of the three modes may be used simultaneously, or three modes may be used simultaneously.
  • the action mechanism of the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode on the impurity-removing pellets is: the low-frequency acoustic wave energy of this mode has an acoustic fatigue effect on the binding force between the impurities on the surface of the pellets and the pellets, and the intensity of the acoustic wave is called the acoustic wave energy.
  • the intensity of the sound wave is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the sound wave.
  • the action mechanism of the high-frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode on the impurity-removing particles is: the high-frequency acoustic wave of this mode not only has the above-mentioned performance of the low-frequency acoustic wave, but also has a strong penetrating power, which can greatly weaken the interaction between the particles and impurities.
  • the bonding force makes the particles and impurities create gaps or separation in space, so that the attached impurities can be converted into dispersed impurities.
  • the combination of the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode and the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, the action mechanism of the impurity-removing particles is: applying high-frequency acoustic waves on the basis of the low-frequency acoustic waves, the elimination of the binding force between the particles and impurities is strengthened.
  • the introduced high-frequency sound wave can further weaken the binding force, make a gap between the pellets and the impurities on the surface and increase the gap, thereby enhancing the effect of separation and cleaning.
  • the action mechanism of the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode on the impurity-removing particles is as follows: the wave energy of the high-frequency acoustic wave is transmitted to the solid wave-guiding medium, so that the solid-guiding medium fluctuates with the high-frequency acoustic wave, and the high-frequency acoustic wave directly passes through the solid-guiding medium. Acting on the granules to be removed in contact with it, thereby producing a fatigue effect on the binding force between the granules to be removed and the impurities flowing through the solid wave guiding medium, so that the binding force between the two can be weakened or removed. , to make a gap or separation between the impurities attached to the surface of the pellets and the pellets, so that the attached impurities can be transformed into dispersed impurities.
  • At least two modes in the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode and the high-frequency acoustic solid guided wave mode are used to transmit the acoustic waves to the particles to be removed to further enhance the removal of impurities. effect of impurities.
  • any two modes of the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, and the high-frequency acoustic solid guided wave mode are simultaneously employed, or these three modes are simultaneously employed.
  • the inventor has found that the frequency, amplitude and waveform of the sound wave also affect the effect of weakening the binding force between the pellets and impurities. Therefore, when the present invention is implemented, the frequency, amplitude and frequency of the sound wave in each mode can be determined according to actual needs. waveform.
  • the frequency of the low-frequency sound wave in the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is one frequency or a combination of multiple frequencies;
  • the frequency of the high-frequency sound wave in the high-frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode is one frequency or a combination of multiple frequencies;
  • the frequency of the high-frequency acoustic wave in the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode is one frequency or a combination of multiple frequencies. That is, in each mode, a sound wave of one frequency can be used, or a plurality of sound waves of different frequencies can be used at the same time. For high-frequency sound waves, the higher the frequency, the stronger the vibration penetration ability of the pellets.
  • a low-frequency acoustic wave of one frequency can be used, or a plurality of low-frequency acoustic waves of different frequencies can be used at the same time.
  • two modes or three modes are used at the same time, a variety of high-frequency sound waves of different frequencies and a variety of low-frequency sound waves of different frequencies can be used at the same time.
  • the sound waves of different frequency bands can be based on the characteristics of the material with one being the main and the other being supplemented, or both sound waves are the main ones.
  • the frequency of the sound wave can be fixed frequency, adjustable frequency, or even sweep frequency (frequency automatic conversion), and the frequency can be manually controlled or automatically adjusted.
  • the amplitude of the low-frequency sound waves in the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is one amplitude or a combination of multiple amplitudes; the amplitude of the high-frequency sound waves in the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is one amplitude or a combination of multiple amplitudes; In the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode, the amplitude of the high-frequency acoustic wave is one amplitude or a combination of multiple amplitudes. In each mode, the amplitude of the sound wave should be less than or equal to 85 decibels at a distance of 1 meter away from the equipment (or meet the local environmental protection requirements). When this condition is met, the higher the frequency of the sound wave, the weaker the noise between particles and impurities. The better the effect of inter-cohesion.
  • the waveform of the low-frequency acoustic wave in the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is one waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms
  • the waveform of the high-frequency acoustic wave in the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode is one waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms
  • the high The waveform of the high-frequency acoustic wave in the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode is one type of waveform or a combination of multiple waveforms. Available waveforms include sine, triangle, square, and pulse, and multiple waveforms can be used simultaneously during implementation.
  • a high-frequency acoustic wave with one waveform can be used, or a variety of high-frequency acoustic waves with different waveforms can be used at the same time.
  • two modes or three modes are used at the same time, multiple high-frequency sound waves with different waveforms and low-frequency sound waves with multiple different waveforms can be used at the same time.
  • the three modes can be used together, and the amplitude is adjusted to the limit of noise control, and the lower frequency of low-frequency sound waves (such as 1Hz) is used. ⁇ 20Hz) and higher frequencies of high-frequency sound waves (such as 30kHz ⁇ 40kHz), single-frequency sine waves should be used as much as possible; and when the separation cleanliness requirements are low, the requirements can be reduced according to cost or other factors, and one of them can be used.
  • Mode or two modes are dominant, or the organic combination of waveform, mode and amplitude; in the case of extremely high separation and cleanliness requirements, low-frequency acoustic waves can also be added on the basis of high-frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave modes.
  • the acoustic effect of solid guided wave mode further exerts and taps the effect of submerged acoustic waves.
  • At least one of the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode and the high-frequency acoustic solid guided wave mode is used to transmit the acoustic wave to the To be removed on the pellets.
  • the impurity-removing pellets setting a chamber for the impurity-removing pellets to flow through, and introducing sound waves into the chamber, since the impurity-removing pellets are in a flowing state rather than static accumulation, the effect of removing impurities can be further improved, and it is also beneficial to wind airflow. Blow out impurities.
  • a low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode in a state where at least one of plasma, microwave, infrared, and dry ice is applied to the pellets to be removed, a low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode, a high-frequency acoustic wave gas guided wave mode, and a high-frequency acoustic wave solid
  • At least one of the guided wave modes transmits sound waves to the particles to be removed, so as to further improve the effect of removing impurities.
  • at least two, or at least three, or four of plasma, microwave, infrared, and dry ice are applied to the pellets to be removed at the same time.
  • the solid guiding medium in the high-frequency acoustic wave solid guiding mode is a film, a metal plate or a plastic plate.
  • the solid wave guiding medium is a sliding plate, a distributor or/and a fluidized plate, etc.
  • the granular material is generally a granular solid material with a particle size between 0.8 mm and 20 mm, and its shape can be spherical, oval, square, cylindrical, drop-shaped or other irregular shapes.
  • Impurities are generally dust, fluff, ribbons, debris, water droplets, flakes, debris, dust, droplets, etc. mixed in the pellets. Dust, dust, and debris generally refer to particles with a particle size of less than 500 ⁇ m.
  • the material of impurities It can be the same as the granules or different from the granules.
  • the impurities can be particles, ribbons or fluff, and the impurities can be solid particles or liquid droplets.
  • the present invention also provides a device for removing impurities in pellets, which is a device used in the method for removing impurities in pellets in Embodiment 1.
  • the device includes a housing 1 with a separation cavity 11 inside, and also Include at least one of the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and the high-frequency sound wave solid-guided wave assembly, and the blower for introducing the airflow Q into the separation cavity 11 or/and the lead for drawing the airflow Q. fan.
  • the working mode of the low-frequency acoustic wave generating device is the low-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode described in the first embodiment
  • the working mode of the first high-frequency acoustic wave generating device is the high-frequency acoustic gas guided wave mode described in the first embodiment
  • the working mode of the solid guided wave assembly is the high frequency acoustic wave solid guided wave mode described in the first embodiment.
  • the gas inside is used as a wave-guiding medium, and is transmitted to the particles to be removed in the separation cavity 11.
  • the high-frequency acoustic wave solid wave guide assembly includes a connected second high-frequency acoustic wave generator 4 and a solid wave guide medium.
  • the solid wave guide needs to be set in the separation cavity 11 and located on the only way of the particles K1 to be removed.
  • the sound wave acting on the granules to be removed K1 can weaken the binding force between the granules and the impurities, and the airflow Q generated by the fan can blow the impurities away from the granules, so that the impurities and the granules are separated.
  • the materials are completely separated to obtain clean pellets K2.
  • the frequency of the low-frequency sound wave emitted by the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2 of the present invention is 1Hz ⁇ 350Hz, such as 10Hz ⁇ 350Hz, and the frequency of the high-frequency sound wave emitted by the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 is 6kHz ⁇ 40kHz, for example, 9kHz, 12kHz.
  • the frequency of the high-frequency sound waves is 6 Hz ⁇ 20 Hz.
  • the device of the present invention When the device of the present invention is in use, only one of the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and the high-frequency sound wave solid-guiding assembly can be turned on to use one mode of sound waves, or it can be turned on at the same time. Any two to use any two modes of sound waves at the same time, you can also turn on all three at the same time to use three modes of sound waves at the same time.
  • the action mechanism of the low-frequency acoustic wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency acoustic wave generating device 3, and the high-frequency acoustic wave solid wave guide assembly of the present invention for treating the impurity-removing pellets is the same as the action mechanism of the three modes in the first embodiment for treating the impurity-removing pellets. are the same, so I will not repeat them.
  • the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2 includes a low-frequency sound wave generator 21 and a low-frequency sound wave converter 22 (or called a low-frequency sound wave transducer), and the low-frequency sound wave converter 22 is used to receive The sound wave signal of the low-frequency sound wave generator 21 is converted into a low-frequency sound wave.
  • the low-frequency sound wave signal generated by the low-frequency sound wave generator 21 can be generated by electromagnetic oscillation, or by methods such as compressed air, mechanical vibration, and piezoelectric materials.
  • the low-frequency acoustic wave generator 21 and the low-frequency acoustic wave converter 22 are electrically connected.
  • the low-frequency sound wave generator 21 and the low-frequency sound wave converter 22 are connected through pipes.
  • a low-frequency sound wave generator 21 can be connected to a low-frequency sound wave converter 22, or a low-frequency sound wave generator 21 can be connected to a plurality of low-frequency sound wave converters 22, or a low-frequency sound wave generator 21 that can emit low-frequency sound waves and high-frequency sound waves.
  • Sonic generators with one or more transducers are available in various modes.
  • the low-frequency sound wave generator 21 and the low-frequency sound wave converter 22 may be the same integrated device with both sound wave generation and sound wave conversion functions, or may be two devices with sound wave generation and sound wave conversion functions respectively.
  • the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 includes a first high-frequency sound wave generator 31 and a first high-frequency sound wave converter 32
  • the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 includes a second high-frequency sound wave generator 4.
  • the high-frequency sound wave generator 41 and the second high-frequency sound wave converter 42, the first high-frequency sound wave generator 31 and the first high-frequency sound wave converter 32 are electrically connected, and the second high-frequency sound wave generator 41 and the second high-frequency sound wave
  • the converter 42 is electrically connected, and the high-frequency sound wave converter is used to receive the sound wave signal from the high-frequency sound wave generator and convert it into a high-frequency sound wave.
  • the high-frequency sound wave signal generated by the high-frequency sound wave generator can be generated by electromagnetic oscillation. , but also by compressed air, mechanical vibration, piezoelectric materials and other methods.
  • the second high-frequency acoustic wave converter 42 of the second high-frequency acoustic wave generating device 4 is mechanically connected to the solid wave-guiding medium, and the sound wave of the second high-frequency acoustic wave converter 42 is transmitted to the solid-guiding wave medium, so that the solid wave-guiding medium is The medium produces mechanical vibrations, which in turn are transmitted to the granules K1 to be removed.
  • the low-frequency acoustic transducer 22 and the first high-frequency acoustic transducer 32 are both speakers
  • the second high-frequency acoustic transducer 42 is an electromagnetic oscillator or a pneumatic vibrator.
  • a high-frequency sound wave generator can be connected to a high-frequency sound wave converter, or a high-frequency sound wave generator can be connected to a plurality of high-frequency sound wave converters, or a high-frequency sound wave generator can emit low-frequency sound waves and high-frequency sound waves.
  • the sonic generator is connected to one or more transducers in a variety of modes.
  • the high-frequency sound wave generator and the high-frequency sound wave converter can be the same integrated device with both sound wave generation and sound wave conversion functions, or can be two devices with sound wave generation and sound wave conversion functions respectively.
  • the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3, and the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 of the present invention can be arranged outside the casing 1, or can be arranged in the separation cavity 11, and of course can also be partially arranged in the casing. 1, the other part is set in the separation cavity 11, for example, the acoustic wave generator is set outside the casing 1, and the acoustic wave converter is set in the separation cavity 11, so that the separation cavity 11 is filled with low-frequency sound waves with gas as the wave-guiding medium. and high frequency sound waves.
  • the frequencies of the sound waves emitted by the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 in the present invention may be fixed frequency, adjustable frequency, or frequency sweeping (ie frequency automatic conversion), you can manually change the frequency, you can also automatically adjust the frequency.
  • the amplitude of the acoustic wave generator can be adjustable or fixed.
  • the low-frequency sound wave generator 21 and the low-frequency sound wave converter 22 of the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2 may be electric or gas type, and may be integrated or separate;
  • the first high-frequency sound wave generator The first high-frequency sound wave generator 31 and the first high-frequency sound wave converter 32 of the device 3 may be electric or gas type, and may be integrated or separate;
  • the second high-frequency sound wave generating device The second high-frequency sound wave generator 41 and the second high-frequency sound wave converter 42 of 4 may be electric type or gas type, and may be integrated or separate.
  • the shell 1 is provided with a pellet inlet 12 and a pellet outlet 13 respectively communicating with the separation cavity 11
  • the separation cavity 11 is provided with a drainage device for guiding the flow of the particles K1 to be removed in the separation cavity 11 .
  • the drainage device is arranged between the pellet inlet 12 and the pellet outlet 13, and the pellets K1 to be removed from the pellets enter the separation chamber 11 from the pellet inlet 12. Under the action of the drainage device, the pellets K1 to be removed are separated.
  • the inside of the cavity 11 is dispersed rather than stacked to improve the effect of sound waves and airflow on the impurity-removing pellets K1. After removing impurities, the clean pellets K2 leave the separation chamber 11 from the pellet outlet 13.
  • the drainage device includes a sliding plate 6 for guiding the to-be-removed granules K1 to slide down.
  • the drainage device includes a fluidization plate 7 that guides the to-be-removed pellets K1 to slide down.
  • the drainage device includes a sliding plate 6 and a fluidizing plate 7 for guiding the particles K1 to be removed to slide down, and the fluidizing plate 7 is located below the sliding plate 6 .
  • the sliding plate 6 is an inverted V-shaped structure formed by the connection of two symmetrically arranged first sliding plates 61 and second sliding plates 62, that is, the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 are in an inclined state, The upper ends of the two are connected and the lower ends are spaced apart.
  • the pellet inlet 12, the slide plate 6 and the pellet outlet 13 are arranged correspondingly from top to bottom.
  • the pellet inlet 12 faces the upper end of the slide plate 6, so that the pellets K1 to be removed can fall.
  • the aggregate K1 to be removed is divided into two parts from the upper end of the sliding plate 6, and slides downward along the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 respectively.
  • the working process is as follows: the impurity-removing pellets K1 enter the separation chamber 11 from the pellet inlet 12 and fall on the upper end of the sliding plate 6, and then are divided into two parts to slide down along the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 respectively, and the At the same time, the sound waves from at least one of the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2, the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and the high-frequency sound wave solid wave guide assembly act on the particles K1 to be removed, so that the gap between the particles and the impurities is formed.
  • the airflow Q generated by the fan blows towards the pellets to be removed, the wind airflow blows the impurities away from the pellets, the clean pellets K1 fall out from the pellet outlet 13, and the wind airflow carries the solids Impurities are discharged from the separation chamber 11 to achieve complete separation of impurities and pellets.
  • the drainage device further includes two fluidization plates 7 , which are densely covered with air holes, and the two fluidization plates 7 are located under the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 respectively.
  • the two fluidizing plates 7 are inclined from top to bottom toward each other, and the pellet outlet 13 is located between the lower ends of the two fluidizing plates 7. Therefore, to be The impurity-removing pellets K1 first slide down along the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62, and then fall on the two fluidizing plates 7, and then slide down the two fluidizing plates 7 to the pellet outlet 13, clean the particles The material K2 falls out from the pellet outlet 13 .
  • At least one of the sliding plate 6 and the fluidizing plate 7 is connected to the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 as a solid wave-guiding medium. Therefore, the sliding plate 6 and/or the fluidizing plate 7 not only guide the particles to slide down , and also plays the role of transmitting sound waves to the granules to be removed. In addition, the fluidizing plate 7 also acts as a collecting device to gather the clean pellets.
  • the overall shape of the first sliding plate 61 may be a flat plate (as shown in FIG. 2 ), a concave arc-shaped plate (as shown in FIG. 6 , FIG. 7 , FIG. 14 , and FIG. 15 ), or an outer
  • the overall shape of the second sliding plate 62 can be a flat plate (as shown in Fig. 2 ), or a concave curved plate (as shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 ).
  • Figure 14, Figure 15 it can also be a convex arc plate (as shown in Figure 10, Figure 11).
  • the structures of the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 are the same, both of which are stepped plate structures.
  • the first sliding plate 61 is taken as an example for introduction.
  • a plurality of vertical plates 611 and a plurality of inclined plates 612 are connected in sequence, and the angle between the inclined plates 612 and the vertical plates 611 is greater than 90° and less than 180°, and the vertical plate 611 is used to remove impurities.
  • K1 falls rapidly, which plays a role in accelerating the flow of the impurity-removing pellets K1.
  • the inclined plate 612 guides the impurity-removing pellets. K1 slides down.
  • through holes 613 are densely distributed on the vertical plate 611 , and the through holes 613 allow airflow to pass through.
  • the sliding plate 6 is roughly a C-shaped plate (as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 ), and both ends of the sliding plate 6 are fixed on the side wall of the housing 1 .
  • the structure of the sliding plate 6 can be the same as the structure of the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 in the first solution, which is a stepped plate structure.
  • the drainage device may further include a fluidization plate 7 (as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 ), the fluidization plate 7 is located below the sliding plate 6 and is used for receiving the pellets falling from the sliding plate 6 .
  • the sliding plate 6 is a substantially conical conical cylinder (as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 16, Figure 17), and the generatrix of the conical cylinder is Concave arc (as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 16, Figure 17) or convex arc (as shown in Figure 12, Figure 13).
  • the structure of the sliding plate 6 can be the same as the structure of the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 in the first solution, which is a stepped plate structure.
  • the drainage device may further include two fluidization plates 7 , and the two fluidization plates 7 are located below the sliding plate 6 and are used to receive the pellets falling from the sliding plate 6 .
  • the sliding plate 6 is roughly an S-shaped plate (as shown in Figures 18 and 19 ), similar to a curved slide.
  • the structure of the sliding plate 6 can be the same as the structure of the first sliding plate 61 and the second sliding plate 62 in the first solution, which is a stepped plate structure.
  • the drainage device may further include a fluidization plate 7 , and the fluidization plate 7 is located below the sliding plate 6 and is used for receiving the pellets falling from the sliding plate 6 .
  • the sliding plate 6 is a hemispherical plate, and the particles to be removed from impurities slide down along the spherical surface of the hemispherical plate.
  • the sliding plate 6 is a semi-elliptical spherical plate, and the particles to be removed from impurities slide down along the elliptical surface of the semi-elliptical spherical plate.
  • the drainage device may also include an acceleration plate, a sieve plate, a screen, a ventilation plate, a distributor, a blow pipe, a jet pipe, a centrifugal device, a feeding hole and a swirl flow.
  • an acceleration plate a sieve plate, a screen, a ventilation plate, a distributor, a blow pipe, a jet pipe, a centrifugal device, a feeding hole and a swirl flow.
  • One or more combinations in the device can be used as long as the particles to be removed can be dispersed and accumulation is avoided.
  • a distributor 5 is provided at the inlet 12 of the pellets, and the distributor 5 spreads the aggregates K1 to be removed on the drainage device, so that the aggregates K1 to be removed are dispersed. It is distributed on the drainage device, so that the distribution mode (such as uniformity, retention, etc.) can be adjusted.
  • a fabric reference line O is defined, and the fabric can be placed on one side of the fabric reference line O (as shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21), or on both sides of the fabric reference line O (as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24). shown), the cloth can also be clothed in the direction around the cloth reference line O (as shown in Figure 25, Figure 26, Figure 28).
  • the pellet inlet 12, the distributor 5, the drainage device and the pellet outlet 13 are all arranged on one side of the distribution reference line O, and the distribution reference line O is located on the side wall of the housing 1, and the distributor 5 is a straight cylinder (not shown in the figure), a sloping plate (shown in Figure 29), or the distributor 5 is an inclined casing inclined from top to bottom in the direction away from the distribution reference line O (as shown in Figure 21, Figure 22) shown), in the example of FIGS. 21 and 22, the cross-section of the inclined housing is rectangular.
  • the cloth method of this embodiment is one-sided cloth, which is suitable for use in combination with the drainage device of the second technical solution or the drainage device of the fourth technical solution.
  • the drainage device may include a sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 ), or may not include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 29 ), and may include a fluidization plate 7 (as shown in FIG. 20 , FIG. 21 , 29), the fluidizing plate 7 may not be included.
  • the cloth reference line O is the center line of the casing 1
  • the cloth reference line O is the symmetry axis of the drainage device.
  • the cloth on both sides or the surrounding direction of the thread O is suitable for use in combination with the drainage device of the first technical solution or the drainage device of the third technical solution.
  • the distributor 5 includes two feeders 51 , and the two feeders 51 are located on opposite sides of the distribution reference line O respectively.
  • the cross-section of the feeder 51 is rectangular, and in the direction close to the drainage device, the two feeders 51 are inclined in the direction away from each other, and the lower outlet of the two feeders 51 is a rectangular gap.
  • the material K1 flows out from the two feeding cylinders 51 and falls onto the drainage device.
  • the cloth method of this scheme can be called the multi-slot cloth method.
  • the drainage device may include a sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 23 ), or may not include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 ), and may include a fluidization plate 7 (as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 31 ), The fluidization plate 7 may also not be included.
  • the distributor 5 is a conical cylinder
  • the distribution reference line O is the central axis of the conical cylinder
  • the cone The diameter of the main body of the shaped cylinder gradually shrinks, while the diameter of the outlet of the conical cylinder gradually expands.
  • the entire conical cylinder can also gradually expand from top to bottom (as shown in Figure 30). It flows through the tube, and then falls on the drainage device.
  • the cloth method of this scheme can be called the tapered cloth method.
  • the drainage device may include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 25 ), or may not include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 30 ), may include the fluidization plate 7 (as shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 30 ), or may not include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 30 ). Fluidization plate 7 is included.
  • the distributor 5 is composed of two concentric cones sleeved at intervals inside and outside, and the distribution reference line O is the center of the two cones
  • the cloth method of this scheme can be called the circular cloth method.
  • the drainage device may include a sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 26 ), or may not include the sliding plate 6 (as shown in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34 ), and may include a fluidization plate 7 (as shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. 33 ), The fluidization plate 7 may also not be included.
  • the pellet inlet 12 is located above the drainage device, that is, the distributor 5 is located above the drainage device, and the “direction close to the drainage device” mentioned above is from top to bottom. direction.
  • the second high-frequency sound wave converter 42 can be provided on the distributor 5 (as shown in FIGS. 29 to 34 ).
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the second high-frequency sound wave generating device can also be connected to other solid substances in the separation cavity 11 that are in contact with the particles.
  • the cloth reference line O is the center line of the casing 1
  • the drainage device includes a sliding plate 6, the cloth reference line O is the axis of symmetry of the sliding plate 6, and the pellet inlet 12 is located on the sliding plate 6 Below, and located on the side of the cloth reference line O
  • the distributor 5 is an elbow, and the elbow extends from the pellet inlet 12 to the obliquely upward direction close to the cloth reference line O, and extends to the bottom center of the sliding plate 6, and then follows the cloth.
  • the reference line O passes through the slide plate 6 upwards and extends to the top of the slide plate 6.
  • the sliding plate 6 may be a conical cylinder, a hemispherical plate or a semi-ellipsoidal plate; the drainage device may not include the fluidized plate 7, but rely on the inverted conical inner wall of the lower part of the casing 1 to guide the pellets to slide down to the pellets Exit 13.
  • the pellet outlet 13 is further provided with a collecting device for gathering the clean pellets K2 , so that the clean pellets K2 flow out from the pellet outlet 13 after being aggregated.
  • the receiving device is a funnel-shaped structure.
  • the housing 1 is provided with an air inlet 14 and an air outlet 15 communicating with the separation chamber 11 respectively, and a fan is provided at the air inlet 14 and/or the air outlet 15, that is, a fan is arranged at the air inlet 14.
  • a blower/blower, and/or an induced draft fan is arranged at the air outlet 15 , and the airflow can carry impurities and discharge from the air outlet 15 .
  • the pellet inlet 12 , the pellet outlet 13 , the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 15 are all provided with valves 8 for easy operation and control.
  • the device may further include at least one of a plasma generator, a microwave generator, an infrared generator, and a dry ice injection port, such as any two, three or four.
  • the plasma generator is used to apply plasma to the granules to be removed
  • the microwave generator is used to apply microwaves to the granules to be removed
  • the infrared generator is used to apply infrared rays to the granules to be removed
  • the dry ice injection port is used to apply microwaves to the granules to be removed.
  • the material is put into dry ice to further improve the effect of removing impurities.
  • the plasma generator, the microwave generator and the infrared generator can be arranged inside the casing 1 , and the dry ice injection port can be opened on the shell wall of the casing 1 .
  • the present invention also provides a device for removing impurities in pellets, the device includes a housing 1 with a separation cavity 11 inside, a low-frequency sound wave generating device 2 and a first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 and at least one of high-frequency acoustic wave solid-guiding components, and a blower for introducing airflow Q into the separation chamber 11 or/and an induced draft fan for extracting airflow Q.
  • the low-frequency sound waves emitted by the low-frequency sound wave generating device 2 and the high-frequency sound waves emitted by the first high-frequency sound wave generating device 3 can use the gas in the separation cavity 11 as a wave-guiding medium, and are transmitted to the separation cavity 11.
  • the high-frequency acoustic wave solid-guiding assembly includes a connected second high-frequency acoustic wave generating device 4 and a solid-guiding medium.
  • the solid-guiding medium needs to be set in the separation cavity 11 and located on the only way of the particles K1 to be removed.
  • the high-frequency sound waves emitted by the second high-frequency sound wave generating device 4 use the solid wave-guiding medium as the wave-guiding medium, and are transmitted to the particles K1 to be removed in the separation cavity 11, and act on the low-frequency sound waves and/or the particles to be removed.
  • the high-frequency sound wave can weaken the binding force between the granules and the impurities in the granules to be removed K1, and the airflow Q generated by the fan can blow the impurities away from the granules, so that the impurities and the granules are completely separated, and the clean granules K2 are obtained.
  • the method and device of the present invention utilize the characteristics of different frequency bands of sound waves, organically combine low-frequency sound waves with high-frequency sound waves, and organically combine gas guided waves with solid guided waves, so as to weaken or even remove the combination between the particles and the impurities attached to their surfaces.
  • the particles and impurities that have eliminated the binding force are further separated and sent to the downstream respectively, so as to realize the efficient separation of the particles and impurities, and achieve the purpose of deeply cleaning the particles. .
  • the invention solves the difficulty and key point of cleaning the granules, that is, it converts the adhering impurities attached to the particle surface due to the bonding force of electromagnetic force, liquid bridge force, van der Waals force, etc. into dispersed impurities, so as to effectively remove the adhering impurities. It can be separated out to make a qualitative leap in the cleaning efficiency of the pellets. Tests show that under the same conditions of other working conditions, the use of the present invention can increase the cleaning value of the pellets by more than 10PPM on average.
  • the investment cost of the present invention is low, safe and reliable. It is environmentally friendly, stable in operation, and easy to implement. It is easy to upgrade and upgrade equipment with outdated technology and low cleaning efficiency. The investment is small and the effect is remarkable.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention can be combined with other methods of removing the binding force or separation of particles and impurities, such as with electromagnetic fields, ionized wind, sieve, fluidized bed, impingement plate, elutriator, spray Blown, electrostatic, mechanical, screen, etc. method or combination of devices to remove impurities.
  • the method and device of the present invention realize the separation of granules and impurities. In other words, it also realizes the collection of impurities such as powder or particles, which is equivalent to rejecting larger particles in the powder or particles.

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Abstract

一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置，其采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料（K1）上，以减弱待去杂粒料（K1）中粒料和杂质之间的结合力，同时采用气流强化杂质和粒料的分离；其中低频声波气体导波模式为低频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；高频声波气体导波模式为高频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；高频声波固体导波模式为高频声波以固体作为导波介质传递。利用声波的声能对粒料和附着在其表面的杂质起到声致疲劳作用，能弱化甚至去除粒料和杂质之间的结合力，快速有效的去除粒料中的杂质，分离效率和分离精度高。

Description

一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置
相关申请
本发明要求专利申请号为202011282872.3、申请日为2020年11月17日的中国发明专利，专利申请号为202110325003.2、申请日为2021年03月26日的中国发明专利，以及专利申请号为202120618127.5、申请日为2021年03月26日的中国实用新型专利的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及杂质去除技术领域，尤其是一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置。
背景技术
颗粒状物料中存在较多杂质，这些杂质以粉尘、毛絮、微粒、丝带等形式存在于颗粒状物料中，会给后续的生产工序带来不良影响，为去除这些杂质，目前一般采用水洗法、机械振动法等，但这些方法都存在分离效率低、分离精度差、投资成本高和装置体积大等缺点，难以快速有效的去除杂质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置，以解决现有技术难以快速有效的去除杂质的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明提出一种去除粒料中杂质的装置，其包括具有分离腔的外壳和用于向所述分离腔内引入气流的送风机或/和引出气流的引风机，还包括低频声波发生装置、第一高频声波发生装置和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，所述低频声波发生装置发出的低频声波和所述第一高频声波发生装置发出的高频声波能以气体作为导波介质传递至所述分离腔内的待去杂粒料上，所述高频声波固体导波组件包括相连接的第二高频声波发生装置和固体导波介质，所述第二高频声波发生装置发出的高频声波能由所述固体导波介质传递至所述分离腔内的待去杂粒料上。
本发明还提出一种去除粒料中杂质的方法，其包括：采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂 粒料上，以减弱所述待去杂粒料中粒料和杂质之间的结合力，同时采用气流强化所述杂质和所述粒料的分离；其中：所述低频声波气体导波模式为低频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；所述高频声波气体导波模式为高频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；所述高频声波固体导波模式为高频声波以固体作为导波介质传递。
本发明还提供一种去除粒料中杂质的装置，其为上述的去除粒料中杂质的方法中使用的装置，所述装置包括具有分离腔的外壳和用于向所述分离腔内引入气流的送风机或/和引出气流的引风机，所述装置还包括低频声波发生装置、第一高频声波发生装置和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，所述低频声波发生装置的工作模式为所述低频声波气体导波模式，所述第一高频声波发生装置的工作模式为所述高频声波气体导波模式，所述高频声波固体导波组件的工作模式为所述高频声波固体导波模式，所述高频声波固体导波组件包括相连接的第二高频声波发生装置和固体导波介质。
本发明的去除粒料中杂质的方法及装置的特点和优点包括：
本发明利用声波的声能对粒料和附着在其表面的杂质起到声致疲劳作用，能弱化甚至去除粒料和杂质之间的结合力，使两者之间产生缝隙或脱离，使附着状的杂质转变为分散状的杂质，并配合风力气流，将分散状的杂质从粒料吹离，实现粒料与杂质的高效分离，使粒料得以深度净化，本发明与现有技术相比，能快速有效的去除粒料中的杂质，尤其是附着状的杂质，采用本发明的方法去除粒料中的杂质，分离效率高，分离精度高，投资成本低。
附图说明
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1是本发明一实施例的去除粒料中杂质的装置的平面结构示意图；
图2是本发明一实施例的的去除粒料中杂质的装置的立体结构示意图；
图3是图2中第一种滑板的俯视图；
图4是图3中滑板的侧视图；
图5是图3中A处的局部放大图；
图6是第二种滑板的主视图；
图7是图6中滑板的俯视图；
图8是第三种滑板的主视图；
图9是图8中滑板的俯视图；
图10是第四种滑板的主视图；
图11是图10中滑板的俯视图；
图12是第五种滑板的主视图；
图13是图12中滑板的俯视图；
图14是第六种滑板的主视图；
图15是图14中滑板的俯视图；
图16是第七种滑板的主视图；
图17是图16中滑板的俯视图；
图18是第八种滑板的主视图；
图19是图18中滑板的俯视图；
图20是第一种布料方式的示意图；
图21是第二种布料方式的示意图；
图22是图21的俯视图；
图23是第三种布料方式的示意图；
图24是图23的俯视图；
图25是第四种布料方式的示意图；
图26是第五种布料方式的示意图；
图27是图26的俯视图；
图28是第六种布料方式的示意图；
图29是第七种布料方式的示意图；
图30是第八种布料方式的示意图；
图31是第九种布料方式的示意图；
图32是图31的俯视图；
图33是第十种布料方式的示意图；
图34是图33的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。其中，形容词性或副词性修饰语“上”和“下”、“顶”和“底”、“内”和“外”的使用仅是为了便于多组术语之间的相对参考，且并非描述对经修饰术语的任 何特定的方向限制。另外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量，由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，可以是可拆卸连接，可以是直接连接，可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本专利中的具体含义。
为便于描述，本文将颗粒状物料称为“粒料”，将吸附有杂质的粒料称为“待去杂粒料”。
粒料中的杂质主要以分散状和附着状两种形态存在于粒料中，附着状的杂质因电磁力、液桥力、范德华力等结合力依附(吸附)在粒料表面，是粒料洁净的难点，也是关键点。现有技术通常采用水洗法、机械振动法等去除粒料中的杂质，但这些方法都存在分离效率低、分离精度差、投资成本高和装置体积大等缺点，难以快速有效的去除杂质，尤其难以去除附着状的杂质。
实施方式一
为解决现有技术的上述问题，本发明提供一种去除粒料中杂质的方法，包括：采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波的声能传递至待去杂粒料上，以减弱待去杂粒料中粒料和杂质之间的结合力，比如电磁力、液桥力、范德华力等结合力，与此同时，采用气流强化杂质和粒料的分离，比如向待去杂粒料吹风，以将杂质吹离粒料，从而使粒料和杂质彻底分离开；其中：低频声波气体导波模式为低频声波以空气作为导波介质传递，高频声波气体导波模式为高频声波以空气作为导波介质传递，高频声波固体导波模式为高频声波以固体作为导波介质传递，本发明中低频声波的频率为1Hz～350Hz，优选10Hz～350Hz，高频声波的频率为6kHz～40kHz，例如为9kHz、12kHz，优选地，高频声波的频率为6Hz～20Hz。
本发明利用声波的声能对粒料和附着在其表面的杂质起到声致疲劳作用，能弱化甚至去除粒料和杂质之间的结合力，使两者之间产生缝隙或脱离，使附着状的杂质转变为分散状的杂质，并配合风力气流，将分散状的杂质从粒料吹离，实现粒料与杂质的高效分离，使粒料得以深度净化。本发明与现有技术相比，能快速有效的去除粒料中的杂质，尤其是附着状的杂质。采用本发明的方法去除粒料中的杂质，分离效率高，分离精度高，投资成本低。
本发明的方法在实施时，可以使用三种模式中的任意一种模式，也可以同时使用三种模式中任意两种模式，还可以同时使用三种模式。比如，只采用低频声波气体导波模式，或只采用高频声波气体导波模式，或同时采用低频声波气体导波模式和高频声波气体导波模式，或同时采用低频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式，或同时采用高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式，或同时采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式。
低频声波气体导波模式对待去杂粒料的作用机理为：该模式的低频声波能对粒料表面的杂质与粒料之间的结合力起到声致疲劳作用，声波的强度称为声波能流密度，声波的强度与声波振幅的平方成正比，在一定声波能流密度的低频声波作用下，可极大地削弱粒料上杂质与粒料之间的结合力，甚至使结合力趋近于零，使粒料与杂质在空间上产生缝隙或分离，使附着状的杂质转变为分散状的杂质。
高频声波气体导波模式对待去杂粒料的作用机理为：该模式的高频声波不仅具有低频声波的上述效能，还具有较强的穿透力，可极大地削弱粒料与杂质间的结合力，使粒料与杂质在空间上产生缝隙或分离，使附着状的杂质转变为分散状的杂质。
低频声波气体导波模式和高频声波气体导波模式结合，对待去杂粒料的作用机理为：在低频声波的基础上施加高频声波，对粒料与杂质间结合力的消除作用加强，引入的高频声波可进一步弱化结合力，使粒料与其表面杂质间产生缝隙并使缝隙增大，从而增强分离洁净的效果。
高频声波固体导波模式对待去杂粒料的作用机理为：高频声波的波能传递给固体导波介质，使固体导波介质随高频声波波动，高频声波借助固体导波介质直接作用于与其接触的待去杂粒料上，从而对流经该固体导波介质的待去杂粒料的粒料与杂质间的结合力产生疲劳效应，使二者间的结合力得以削弱或去除，使附着在粒料表面的杂质与粒料间产生缝隙或分离，使附着状的杂质转变为分散状的杂质。
在一实施例中，采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少两种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，以进一步增强去除杂质的效果。例如，同时采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中的任意两种模式，或同时采用这三种模式。
发明人研究发现，声波的频率、振幅和波形也影响了削弱粒料与杂质间结合力的效果，因此本发明在实施时，可以根据实际需要，确定每一种模式中声波的频率、振幅和波形。
在一实施例中，低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合；高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合；高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合。也就是在每一种模式中，可以采用一种频率的声波，也可以同时采用多种不同频率的声波。对于高频声波而言，其频率越高，对粒料的振动穿透能力越强。
以低频声波气体导波模式为例，可以采用一种频率的低频声波，也可以同时采用多种不同频率的低频声波。当同时使用两种模式或三种模式时，可以同时采用多种不同频率的高频声波和多种不同频率的低频声波。当使用高、低不同频段的声波组合方法时，不同频段的声波可根据物料的特性以一种为主，另一种为辅，也可是两种声波都是主要的。
在去杂质过程中，声波的频率可以是定频的，也可以是可调频的，甚至是扫频的(频率自动变换)，频率可以是手动控制的，也可以是自动调节的。
在一实施例中，低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合；高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合；高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合。各模式中声波的振幅以设备外1米远处的噪音小于或等于85分贝为宜(或满足当地环保要求)，在满足此条件的情况下，声波的频率越高，减弱粒料和杂质之间结合力的效果越好。
在一实施例中，低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合，高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合，高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合。可供选择的波形包括正弦波、三角波、方波和脉冲波，在实施时可以同时采用多种波形。
以高频声波气体导波模式为例，可以采用一种波形的高频声波，也可以同时采用多种不同波形的高频声波。当同时使用两种模式或三种模式时，可以同时采用多种不同波形的高频声波和多种不同波形的低频声波。
根据粒料杂质分离洁净程度的要求，当分离洁净程度要求较高时，可以将三种模式组合在一起使用，并将振幅调到噪声控制的极限，且采用低频声波的较低频率(例如1Hz～20Hz)、高频声波的较高频率(例如30kHz～40kHz)，尽可能采用单频正弦波；而当分离洁净程度要求较低时，可以根据成本或其他因素降低要求，采用以其中一种模式或两种模式为主导、或波形与模式及振幅的有机结合的各种组合方式；在分离洁净程度要 求极高的情况下，还可以在高频声波固体导波模式基础上，增加低频声波固体导波模式的声化作用，进一步发挥、挖潜声波的功效。
在一实施例中，在待去杂粒料流动的状态下，采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上。比如，设置供待去杂粒料流经的腔室，向该腔室内引入声波，由于待去杂粒料处于流动状态，而非静态堆积，因此能进一步提高去除杂质的效果，还利于风力气流将杂质吹走。
在一实施例中，在向待去杂粒料施加等离子、微波、红外线、干冰中的至少一种的状态下，采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，以进一步提高去除杂质的效果。比如，向待去杂粒料施加等离子、微波、红外线、干冰中的至少两种或至少三种，或四种同时施加。
在一实施例中，高频声波固体导波模式中的固体导波介质为薄膜、金属板或塑料板，当然还可以是其它各种适用于相应工况的固态物质及形式，使用时，可以同时采用多种固体导波介质。例如固体导波介质为滑板、分布器或/和流化板等。
本发明中，粒料一般为粒径在0.8mm～20mm之间的颗粒状固态物料，其外形可以是球形、长圆形、方形、圆柱形、水滴形或其他不规则形状。杂质一般为夹杂于粒料中的粉尘、绒毛、丝带、碎屑、水珠、薄片、碎片、灰尘、液滴等，粉尘、灰尘、碎屑一般是指粒径小于500μm的微粒，杂质的材质可以与粒料相同，也可以与粒料不同，杂质可以是颗粒、丝带或者绒毛，杂质可以是固体微粒，也可以是液体液滴。
实施方式二
如图1所示，本发明还提供一种去除粒料中杂质的装置，其为实施方式一的去除粒料中杂质的方法使用的装置，该装置包括内部具有分离腔11的外壳1，还包括低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，以及用于向分离腔11内引入气流Q的送风机或/和引出气流Q的引风机。
其中低频声波发生装置的工作模式为实施方式一所述的低频声波气体导波模式，第一高频声波发生装置的工作模式为实施方式一所述的高频声波气体导波模式，高频声波固体导波组件的工作模式为实施方式一所述的高频声波固体导波模式，低频声波发生装置2发出的低频声波和第一高频声波发生装置3发出的高频声波能以分离腔11内的气体作为导波介质，传递至分离腔11内的待去杂粒料上，高频声波固体导波组件包括相 连接的第二高频声波发生装置4和固体导波介质，固体导波介质需要设置在分离腔11内且位于待去杂粒料K1的必经之路上，第二高频声波发生装置4发出的高频声波以固体导波介质作为导波介质，传递至分离腔11内的待去杂粒料K1上，作用于待去杂粒料K1的声波能减弱粒料和杂质之间的结合力，风机产生的气流Q能将杂质吹离粒料，从而使杂质和粒料彻底分离，得到洁净粒料K2。
本发明中低频声波发生装置2发出的低频声波的频率为1Hz～350Hz，例如10Hz～350Hz，第一高频声波发生装置3和第二高频声波发生装置4发出的高频声波的频率为6kHz～40kHz，例如为9kHz、12kHz。优选地，高频声波的频率为6Hz～20Hz。
本发明的装置在使用时，可以只开启低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和高频声波固体导波组件中的一者，以使用一种模式的声波，也可以同时开启任意两者，以同时使用任意两种模式的声波，还可以同时开启三者，以同时使用三种模式的声波。
本发明中低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和高频声波固体导波组件对待去杂粒料的作用机理，与实施方式一中三种模式对待去杂粒料的作用机理相同，故不赘述。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，低频声波发生装置2包括低频声波发生器21和低频声波转换器22(或称为低频声波换能器)，低频声波转换器22用于接收来自于低频声波发生器21的声波信号并将其转化为低频声波，低频声波发生器21产生的低频声波信号，可以是利用电磁振荡产生，也可是靠压缩空气、机械振动、压电材料等方法产生。
当利用电磁振荡产生低频声波信号时，低频声波发生器21和低频声波转换器22电连接。当利用压缩空气产生低频声波信号时，低频声波发生器21和低频声波转换器22通过管道连接。
本实施例可以是一个低频声波发生器21连接一个低频声波转换器22，也可以是一个低频声波发生器21连接多个低频声波转换器22，还可以是一个能发出低频声波和高频声波的声波发生器带一个或多个转换器等多种多样的模式。低频声波发生器21和低频声波转换器22可以是兼具声波发生和声波转换功能的同一个集成式装置，也可以是分别具有声波发生和声波转换功能的两个装置。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，第一高频声波发生装置3包括第一高频声波发生器31和第一高频声波转换器32，第二高频声波发生装置4包括第二高频声波发生器41和第二高频声波转换器42，第一高频声波发生器31和第一高频声波转换器32电连接，第二 高频声波发生器41和第二高频声波转换器42电连接，高频声波转换器用于接收来自于高频声波发生器的声波信号并将其转化为高频声波，高频声波发生器产生的高频声波信号，可以是利用电磁振荡产生，也可是靠压缩空气、机械振动、压电材料等方法产生。第二高频声波发生装置4的第二高频声波转换器42与固体导波介质通过机械连接方式连接，第二高频声波转换器42的声波传递到固体导波介质上，使固体导波介质产生机械振动，该机械振动进而传递到待去杂粒料K1上。例如，低频声波转换器22和第一高频声波转换器32均为喇叭，第二高频声波转换器42为电磁振荡器或气动振动器。
本实施例可以是一个高频声波发生器连接一个高频声波转换器，也可以是一个高频声波发生器连接多个高频声波转换器，还可以是一个能发出低频声波和高频声波的声波发生器连接一个或多个转换器等多种多样的模式。高频声波发生器和高频声波转换器可以是兼具声波发生和声波转换功能的同一个集成式装置，也可以是分别具有声波发生和声波转换功能的两个装置。
本发明中低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和第二高频声波发生装置4可以设置在外壳1外部，也可以设置在分离腔11内，当然还可以是部分设置在外壳1外部、另一部分设置在分离腔11内，比如声波发生器设置在设置在外壳1外部，声波转换器设置在分离腔11内，以使分离腔11内充满以气体为导波介质的低频声波和高频声波。
本发明中低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和第二高频声波发生装置4发出的声波的频率可以是定频的，也可以是可调频的，还可以是扫频的(即频率自动变换)，可以动手改变频率，也可以自动调节频率。声波发生器的振幅可以是可调幅的，也可以是定幅。
本发明中，低频声波发生装置2的低频声波发生器21和低频声波转换器22可以是电式的也可以是气式的，可以是一体的也可以是分体的；第一高频声波发生装置3的第一高频声波发生器31和第一高频声波转换器32可以是电式的也可以是气式的，可以是一体的也可以是分体的；第二高频声波发生装置4的第二高频声波发生器41和第二高频声波转换器42可以是电式的也可以是气式的，可以是一体的也可以是分体的。
在一实施例中，外壳1上设有分别与分离腔11连通的粒料入口12和粒料出口13，分离腔11内设有引导待去杂粒料K1在分离腔11内流动的引流装置，引流装置设于粒料入口12和粒料出口13之间，待去杂粒料K1从粒料入口12进入分离腔11内，在引流装置的引流作用下，待去杂粒料K1在分离腔11内呈分散状而非堆积状流动，以提高 声波和气流对待去杂粒料K1的作用效果，去除杂质后，洁净粒料K2从粒料出口13离开分离腔11。
关于引流装置，至少有以下几种实施例：
在一实施例中，如图2所示，引流装置包括引导待去杂粒料K1滑落的滑板6。
在另一实施例中，引流装置包括引导待去杂粒料K1滑落的流化板7。
在又一实施例中，引流装置包括引导待去杂粒料K1滑落的滑板6和流化板7，且流化板7位于滑板6下方。
在第一种可行的技术方案中，滑板6是由两个对称设置的第一滑板61和第二滑板62连接构成的倒V形结构，即第一滑板61和第二滑板62呈倾斜状态，二者的上端连接且下端相间隔，粒料入口12、滑板6和粒料出口13由上至下依次对应设置，粒料入口12朝向滑板6的上端，以使待去杂粒料K1能够落到滑板6的上端，待去杂粒料K1从滑板6的上端分为两部分，分别沿着第一滑板61和第二滑板62朝下滑落。
工作过程为：待去杂粒料K1由粒料入口12进入分离腔11内并落在滑板6的上端，然后分为两部分分别沿着第一滑板61和第二滑板62朝下滑落，与此同时，来自于低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和高频声波固体导波组件中至少一者的声波作用于待去杂粒料K1上，使粒料和杂质之间的结合力减弱甚至消除，与此同时，风机产生的气流Q吹向待去杂粒料，风力气流将杂质从粒料吹离，洁净粒料K1从粒料出口13落出，风力气流携带固体杂质从分离腔11排出，实现杂质和粒料的彻底分离。
本方案通过设置第一滑板61和第二滑板62，既能引导待去杂粒料在分离腔11内朝下滑落，又能延长待去杂粒料在分离腔11内部停留的时间，从而进一步提高去除杂质的效果。
本方案中，如图2所示，引流装置还包括两个流化板7，流化板7上密布有过气孔，两个流化板7分别位于第一滑板61下方和第二滑板62下方，并分别朝向第一滑板61和第二滑板62，两个流化板7由上至下朝彼此靠近的方向倾斜，粒料出口13位于两个流化板7的下端之间，因此，待去杂粒料K1先沿着第一滑板61和第二滑板62朝下滑落，再落到两个流化板7上，然后沿着两个流化板7滑落到粒料出口13，洁净粒料K2从粒料出口13落出。
本实施例中，滑板6和流化板7中的至少一者作为固体导波介质与第二高频声波发生装置4连接，因此，滑板6和/或流化板7除了引导粒料滑落外，还起到将声波传递至待去杂粒料的作用。另外，流化板7还作为收料装置，使洁净的粒料汇聚。
其中，第一滑板61的整体形状可以是平板(如图2所示)，也可以是内凹的弧形板(如图6、图7、图14、图15所示)，还可以是外凸的弧形板(如图10、图11所示)，第二滑板62的整体形状可以是平板(如图2所示)，也可以是内凹的弧形板(如图6、图7、图14、图15所示)，还可以是外凸的弧形板(如图10、图11所示)。
进一步，如图2、图3、图4所示，第一滑板61和第二滑板62的结构相同，均为阶梯板结构，以第一滑板61为例进行介绍，第一滑板61由交替设置的多个竖直板611和多个倾斜板612依次连接构成，倾斜板612与竖直板611之间的夹角大于90°且小于180°，其中的竖直板611使待去杂粒料K1快速降落，对待去杂粒料K1起到流动加速作用，待去杂粒料K1降落到倾斜板612时产生振动，有助于杂质和粒料的分离，倾斜板612引导待去杂粒料K1向下滑落。
更进一步，如图5所示，竖直板611上密布有通孔613，通孔613供气流通过。
在第二种可行的技术方案中，滑板6大致为C形板(如图20、图21所示)，滑板6的两端固定在外壳1的侧壁上。
本方案中，滑板6的结构可以与第一种方案中第一滑板61和第二滑板62的结构相同，为阶梯板结构。
本方案中，引流装置可以进一步包括一流化板7(如图20、图21所示)，流化板7位于滑板6的下方，用于承接从滑板6落下的粒料。
在第三种可行的技术方案中，滑板6大致为圆锥形的锥形筒(如图8、图9、图12、图13、图16、图17所示)，该锥形筒的母线为内凹的弧线(如图8、图9、图16、图17所示)或外凸的弧线(如图12、图13所示)。
本方案中，滑板6的结构可以与第一种方案中第一滑板61和第二滑板62的结构相同，为阶梯板结构。
本方案中，引流装置可以进一步包括两个流化板7，两个流化板7位于滑板6的下方，用于承接从滑板6落下的粒料。
在第四种可行的技术方案中，滑板6大致为S形板(如图18、图19所示)，类似于弯曲的滑梯。
本方案中，滑板6的结构可以与第一种方案中第一滑板61和第二滑板62的结构相同，为阶梯板结构。
本方案中，引流装置可以进一步包括一流化板7，流化板7位于滑板6的下方，用于承接从滑板6落下的粒料。在第五种可行的技术方案中，滑板6为半球形板，待去杂 粒料沿着半球形板的球形面滑落。
在第六种可行的技术方案中，滑板6为半椭圆球形板，待去杂粒料沿着半椭圆球形板的椭圆面滑落。
但本发明并不以此为限，在其它实施例中，引流装置还可以包括加速板、筛板、筛网、通风板、布料器、吹管、喷射管、离心装置、下料孔和旋流器中的一者或多者组合，只要能使待去杂粒料散开，避免堆积即可。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，粒料入口12处设有布料器5，布料器5将待去杂粒料K1散布于引流装置上，以使待去杂粒料K1呈分散状分布于引流装置上，使分布的方式(如均匀性、滞留性等)可调。
关于布料方式，定义一布料基准线O，可以在布料基准线O的单侧布料(如图20、图21所示)，也可以在布料基准线O的两侧布料(如图23、图24所示)，还可以在布料基准线O周围方向上布料(如图25、图26、图28所示)。
关于布料器5，至少有以下几种实施例：
在第一种具体实施例中，粒料入口12、布料器5、引流装置和粒料出口13均设于布料基准线O的一侧，布料基准线O位于外壳1的侧壁上，布料器5为一直筒(图未示出)、斜板(如图29所示)、或者布料器5为由上至下朝远离布料基准线O方向倾斜的一倾斜壳体(如图21、图22所示)，在图21和图22的示例中，倾斜壳体的横截面为矩形。本实施例的布料方式为单侧布料，适合与前述第二种技术方案的引流装置或第四种技术方案的引流装置组合使用。
本实施例中，引流装置可以包括滑板6(如图20、图21所示)，也可以不包括滑板6(如图29所示)，可以包括流化板7(如图20、图21、图29)，也可以不包括流化板7。
在第二种具体实施例中，如图23至图27所示，布料基准线O是外壳1的中心线，布料基准线O是引流装置的对称轴，本实施例的布料方式为在布料基准线O的两侧或周围方向上布料，适合与前述第一种技术方案的引流装置或第三种技术方案的引流装置组合使用。
在本实施例的第一种可行的技术方案中，如图23、图24所示，布料器5包括两个进料器51，两个进料器51分别位于布料基准线O的相对两侧，进料器51的横截面为矩形，在靠近引流装置的方向上，两个进料器51朝彼此远离的方向倾斜，两个进料器51的下方出口为矩形的缝隙，待去杂粒料K1从两个进料筒51流出，落到引流装置上。本方案的布料方式可称为多缝隙布料方式。
本方案中，引流装置可以包括滑板6(如图23所示)，也可以不包括滑板6(如图31、图32所示)，可以包括流化板7(如图23、图31)，也可以不包括流化板7。
在本实施例的第二种可行的技术方案中，如图25所示，布料器5为一锥形筒，布料基准线O为锥形筒的中心轴线，在靠近引流装置的方向上，锥形筒的主体的直径渐缩，而锥形筒的出口的直径渐扩，当然也可以是锥形筒整体由上至下渐扩(如图30所示)，待去杂粒料K1从锥形筒内流过，再落到引流装置上。本方案的布料方式可称为锥形布料方式。
本方案中，引流装置可以包括滑板6(如图25所示)，也可以不包括滑板6(如图30所示)，可以包括流化板7(如图25、图30)，也可以不包括流化板7。
在本实施例的第三种可行的技术方案中，如图26、图27所示，布料器5由两个内外间隔套设的同心锥筒构成，布料基准线O为两个锥筒的中心轴线，在靠近引流装置的方向上，两个锥筒的直径渐扩，两个锥筒之间的的缝隙为环形缝隙，待去杂粒料K1从两个锥筒之间的环形缝隙流过，再落到引流装置上。本方案的布料方式可称为环形布料方式。
本方案中，引流装置可以包括滑板6(如图26所示)，也可以不包括滑板6(如图33、图34所示)，可以包括流化板7(如图26、图33)，也可以不包括流化板7。
在本实施例的上述三种技术方案中，粒料入口12均位于引流装置上方，亦即布料器5位于引流装置上方，前文提到的“靠近引流装置的方向”也就是由上至下的方向。
在上述几种实施例中，当未设置滑板6时，可以将第二高频声波转换器42设于布料器5上(如图29至图34所示)。
但本发明并不以此为限，还可以将第二高频声波发生装置连接于分离腔11内其他与颗粒接触的固体物质上。
在第三种具体实施例中，如图28所示，布料基准线O是外壳1的中心线，引流装置包括滑板6，布料基准线O是滑板6的对称轴，粒料入口12位于滑板6下方，且位于布料基准线O的一侧，布料器5为弯管，弯管由粒料入口12朝靠近布料基准线O的斜上方延伸，延伸至滑板6的底部中心后，再沿着布料基准线O朝上穿过滑板6并延伸至滑板6的顶部，待去杂粒料K1在弯管内朝上流动，冲出弯管后落到滑板6的顶部，再沿着滑板6朝下滑落。本实施例的布料方式可称为淘洗布料方式。本实施例中，滑板6可以是锥形筒、半球形板或半椭球形板；引流装置可以不包括流化板7，而是依靠外壳1下部倒圆锥形的内壁引导粒料滑落到粒料出口13。
在一实施例中，粒料出口13处还设有用于使洁净粒料K2聚集的收料装置，以使洁净粒料K2汇聚后从粒料出口13流出。例如收料装置为漏斗状的结构。
在一实施例中，外壳1上设有分别与分离腔11连通的进气口14和出气口15，进气口14和/或出气口15处设有风机，即在进气口14处设置送风机/鼓风机，和/或在出气口15处设置引风机，气流能携带杂质从出气口15排出。
进一步，如图1所示，粒料入口12、粒料出口13、进气口14和出气口15处均设有阀门8，以便于操作和控制。
在一实施例中，装置还可以包括等离子发生器、微波发生器、红外线发生器、干冰投放口中的至少一种，比如包括任意两种、三种或四种。其中等离子发生器用于向待去杂粒料施加等离子，微波发生器用于向待去杂粒料施加微波，红外线发生器用于向待去杂粒料施加红外线，干冰投放口用于向待去杂粒料投放干冰，从而进一步提高去除杂质的效果。本实施例中，等离子发生器、微波发生器和红外线发生器可以设于外壳1的内部，干冰投放口可以开设于外壳1的壳壁上。
实施方式三
如图1所示，本发明还提供一种用于去除粒料中杂质的装置，该装置包括内部具有分离腔11的外壳1，还包括低频声波发生装置2、第一高频声波发生装置3和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，以及用于向分离腔11内引入气流Q的送风机或/和引出气流Q的引风机。低频声波发生装置2发出的低频声波和第一高频声波发生装置3发出的高频声波能以分离腔11内的气体作为导波介质，传递至分离腔11内的待去杂粒料上，高频声波固体导波组件包括相连接的第二高频声波发生装置4和固体导波介质，固体导波介质需要设置在分离腔11内且位于待去杂粒料K1的必经之路上，第二高频声波发生装置4发出的高频声波以固体导波介质作为导波介质，传递至分离腔11内的待去杂粒料K1上，作用于待去杂粒料的低频声波和/高频声波能减弱待去杂粒料K1中粒料和杂质之间的结合力，风机产生的气流Q能将杂质吹离粒料，从而使杂质和粒料彻底分离，得到洁净粒料K2。
本实施方式中装置的其它结构和工作原理，与实施方式二中所述的用于去除粒料中杂质的装置相同，故不赘述。
本发明的方法和装置利用声波不同频段的特性，将低频声波与高频声波有机结合、将气体导波与固体导波有机结合，用以减弱甚至去除粒料与附着其表面的杂质间的结合力，使两者产生缝隙或分离效果，并借助所配风力气流使消除了结合力的颗粒及杂质进 一步分离并分别送至下游，实现颗粒料与杂质的高效分离，达到深度洁净颗粒料的目的。
本发明解决了粒料洁净的难点和关键点，即，将因电磁力、液桥力、范德华力等结合力而附着在颗粒表面的附着状杂质转变为分散状杂质，从而将附着状杂质有效地分离出去，使粒料的洁净效率产生质的飞跃，测试表明在其他工况相同的情况下，采用本发明可使粒料洁净值平均提高10PPM以上，本发明的投资成本低、安全可靠、环保、运行稳定、且易于实现，对技术落后、洁净效率低的设备易于改造升级，投资较小，效果显著。
本发明的方法和装置可以与其他去除粒料与杂质结合力或分离的方法组合，比如与电磁场的、离子风的、筛板的、流化床的、撞击板的、淘洗器的、喷吹的、静电的、机械的、筛网的等去除杂质的方法或装置组合。
本发明的方法和装置实现了粒料与杂质的分离，换个角度说，也实现了收集粉或微粒等类型的杂质，也就相当于剔除粉或微粒中的较大颗粒。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。而且需要说明的是，本发明的各组成部分并不仅限于上述整体应用，本发明的说明书中描述的各技术特征可以根据实际需要选择一项单独采用或选择多项组合起来使用，因此，本发明理所当然地涵盖了与本案发明点有关的其它组合及具体应用。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，包括具有分离腔的外壳和用于向所述分离腔内引入气流的送风机或/和引出气流的引风机，还包括低频声波发生装置、第一高频声波发生装置和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，所述低频声波发生装置发出的低频声波和所述第一高频声波发生装置发出的高频声波能以气体作为导波介质传递至所述分离腔内的待去杂粒料上，所述高频声波固体导波组件包括相连接的第二高频声波发生装置和固体导波介质，所述第二高频声波发生装置发出的高频声波能由所述固体导波介质传递至所述分离腔内的待去杂粒料上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括低频声波发生装置、第一高频声波发生装置和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少两者。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述外壳上设有分别与所述分离腔连通的粒料入口和粒料出口，所述分离腔内设有引导所述待去杂粒料在所述分离腔内呈分散状流动的引流装置，所述引流装置设于所述粒料入口和所述粒料出口之间。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述引流装置的至少部分作为所述固体导波介质与所述第二高频声波发生装置连接。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括设于所述粒料入口处的布料器，所述布料器将所述待去杂粒料散布于所述引流装置上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述布料器作为所述固体导波介质与所述第二高频声波发生装置连接。
  7. 一种去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，以减弱所述待去杂粒料中粒料和杂质之间的结合力，同时采用气流强化所述杂质和所述粒料的分离；其中：
    所述低频声波气体导波模式为低频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；
    所述高频声波气体导波模式为高频声波以气体作为导波介质传递；
    所述高频声波固体导波模式为高频声波以固体作为导波介质传递。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，包括：
    采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少两种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，
    所述低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合；
    所述高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合；
    所述高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的频率为一种频率或多种频率组合。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，
    所述低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合；
    所述高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合；
    所述高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的波形为一种波形或多种波形组合。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，
    所述低频声波气体导波模式中低频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合；
    所述高频声波气体导波模式中高频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合；
    所述高频声波固体导波模式中高频声波的振幅为一种振幅或多种振幅组合。
  12. 如权利要求7至11任一项所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述低频声波的频率为1Hz～350Hz，所述高频声波的频率为6kHz～40kHz。
  13. 如权利要求7至11任一项所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，包括：
    在待去杂粒料流动的状态下，采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至所述待去杂粒料上。
  14. 如权利要求7至11任一项所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至待去杂粒料上，包括：
    在向待去杂粒料施加等离子、微波、红外线、干冰中的至少一种的状态下，采用低频声波气体导波模式、高频声波气体导波模式和高频声波固体导波模式中至少一种模式，使声波传递至所述待去杂粒料上。
  15. 一种去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述装置为权利要求7至14任一项所述的去除粒料中杂质的方法中使用的装置，所述装置包括具有分离腔的外壳和用于向所述分离腔内引入气流的送风机或/和引出气流的引风机，所述装置还包括低频声波发生 装置、第一高频声波发生装置和高频声波固体导波组件中的至少一者，所述低频声波发生装置的工作模式为所述低频声波气体导波模式，所述第一高频声波发生装置的工作模式为所述高频声波气体导波模式，所述高频声波固体导波组件的工作模式为所述高频声波固体导波模式，所述高频声波固体导波组件包括相连接的第二高频声波发生装置和固体导波介质。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述外壳上设有分别与所述分离腔连通的粒料入口和粒料出口，所述分离腔内设有引导所述待去杂粒料在所述分离腔内呈分散状流动的引流装置，所述引流装置设于所述粒料入口和所述粒料出口之间。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述引流装置的至少部分作为所述固体导波介质与所述第二高频声波发生装置连接。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括设于所述粒料入口处的布料器，所述布料器将所述待去杂粒料散布于所述引流装置上。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述布料器作为所述固体导波介质与所述第二高频声波发生装置连接。
  20. 如权利要求15所述的去除粒料中杂质的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括等离子发生器、微波发生器、红外线发生器、干冰投放口中的至少一种。
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