WO2022108344A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022108344A1 WO2022108344A1 PCT/KR2021/016934 KR2021016934W WO2022108344A1 WO 2022108344 A1 WO2022108344 A1 WO 2022108344A1 KR 2021016934 W KR2021016934 W KR 2021016934W WO 2022108344 A1 WO2022108344 A1 WO 2022108344A1
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- battery
- profile
- differential
- rate
- voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0038—Circuits for comparing several input signals and for indicating the result of this comparison, e.g. equal, different, greater, smaller (comparing pulses or pulse trains according to amplitude)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/30—Measuring the maximum or the minimum value of current or voltage reached in a time interval
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management apparatus and method, and more particularly, to a battery management apparatus and method capable of setting an upper limit C-rate for a battery cell.
- a side reaction may occur and gradually deteriorate.
- lithium plating in which lithium is deposited on the negative electrode of the battery may occur.
- the negative electrode capacity of the battery is lost, there is a problem that the lifespan of the battery may be reduced.
- the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and by determining an optimal upper limit C-rate corresponding to a battery cell, a battery management apparatus and method capable of preventing lithium plating from occurring in a battery cell is intended to provide
- a battery management apparatus is an apparatus for managing battery cells charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates, and a plurality of battery cells indicating a correspondence relationship between voltage and capacity of the battery cells for each of the plurality of C-rates.
- a profile generator configured to acquire a battery profile of , and generate a plurality of differential profiles representing a correspondence relationship between a voltage of the battery cell and a differential capacity with respect to the voltage based on each of the acquired battery profiles; and acquiring the plurality of differential profiles from the profile generator, dividing the plurality of differential profiles into a reference differential profile corresponding to a preset reference C-rate and a plurality of reference differential profiles, and a reference peak in the reference differential profile determines the reference peak in each of the plurality of reference differential profiles, compares the determined voltage of the reference peak with the voltages of the plurality of reference peaks, and determines the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell according to the comparison result It may include a control unit configured to do so.
- the control unit is configured to calculate a voltage difference between the reference peak and each of the plurality of reference peaks, compare the calculated plurality of voltage differences with a preset threshold voltage, and determine the upper limit C-rate according to the comparison result can
- the controller may be configured to determine a reference peak in which the calculated voltage difference is equal to or greater than the threshold voltage as a target peak, and to determine a C-rate corresponding to a reference differential profile including the determined target peak as the upper limit C-rate. .
- the controller generates a voltage profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the plurality of voltage differences and the plurality of C-rates, and determines a target C-rate corresponding to the threshold voltage from the generated voltage profile as the upper limit C-rate can be configured to
- the controller acquires the plurality of battery profiles, and determines a reference battery profile corresponding to the reference C-rate and a reference battery profile corresponding to the reference C-rate from the plurality of obtained battery profiles, and the determined reference battery profile and set the threshold voltage based on the determined reference battery profile.
- the controller may be configured to select a reference capacity satisfying a predetermined condition from the reference battery profile, and set a voltage corresponding to the reference capacity in the reference battery profile as the threshold voltage.
- the controller may be configured to select, as the reference capacity, a capacity corresponding to a point at which the negative voltage is 0 in the reference battery profile.
- the controller may be configured to set a negative voltage corresponding to the reference capacity in the reference battery profile as the threshold voltage.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include the battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention.
- a battery management method is a method of managing a battery cell charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates, and represents a corresponding relationship between a voltage and a capacity of the battery cell for each of the plurality of C-rates.
- the charging and discharging of the battery cell can be controlled according to the determined upper limit C-rate, it is possible to prevent side reactions from occurring in the battery cell by charging and discharging according to the high C-rate. In addition, deterioration of the battery cell may be slowed, and thus the lifespan of the battery cell may be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a plurality of differential profiles generated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a voltage profile generated by a battery management apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a plurality of battery profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- a term such as a control unit described in the specification means a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented as hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management apparatus 100 may manage battery cells charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of current rates (C-rates).
- the battery cell has a negative terminal and a positive terminal, and refers to one physically separable independent cell.
- one pouch-type lithium polymer cell may be regarded as a battery cell.
- the battery cells are configured at a first C-rate (C1), a second C-rate (C2), a third C-rate (C3), a fourth C-rate (C4), and a fifth C-rate (C5).
- C1 a first C-rate
- C2 a second C-rate
- C3 a third C-rate
- C4 a fourth C-rate
- C5 a fifth C-rate
- Each can be charged. That is, the battery cell may be fully charged at five C-rates from 0% to 100% of the state of charge (SOC).
- SOC state of charge
- the first C-rate(C1) may be 0.05C
- the second C-rate(C2) may be 0.33C
- the third C-rate(C3) may be 0.5C
- the fourth C-rate (C4) may be 0.7C
- the fifth C-rate (C5) may be 1C.
- the battery management apparatus 100 may include a profile generator 110 and a controller 120 .
- the profile generator 110 may be configured to acquire a plurality of battery profiles indicating a correspondence relationship between a voltage and a capacity of the battery cell for each of the plurality of C-rates.
- the battery profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a voltage and a capacity of a battery cell. For example, when the voltage is set to X and the capacity is set to Y, the battery profile may be expressed as an X-Y graph or an X-Y table.
- the battery cell has a first C-rate (C1), a second C-rate (C2), a third C-rate (C3), a fourth C-rate (C4), and a fifth C
- the profile generating unit 110 When each charged at -rate (C5), the profile generating unit 110 generates a first C-rate (C1), a second C-rate (C2), a third C-rate (C3), and a fourth C-rate Five battery profiles corresponding to each of (C4) and the fifth C-rate (C5) may be obtained.
- the profile generator 110 may be configured to generate a plurality of differential profiles indicating a corresponding relationship between a voltage of the battery cell and a differential capacity with respect to the voltage, based on each of the plurality of obtained battery profiles.
- the differential profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage of a battery cell and a differential capacity.
- the profile generator 110 may calculate the differential capacity by differentiating the capacity based on the voltage.
- the profile generator 110 may generate a differential profile according to a correspondence relationship between a voltage and a differential capacitance. That is, when the voltage is set to X and the differential capacitance is set to Y, the differential profile may be expressed as an X-Y graph or an X-Y table.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a plurality of differential profiles generated by the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the profile generator 110 may generate five differential profiles P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , and P5 based on the five battery profiles.
- the first differential profile P1 is a differential profile corresponding to the battery cell charged at the first C-rate C1.
- the second differential profile P2 is a differential profile corresponding to the battery cell charged at the second C-rate C2.
- the third differential profile P3 is a differential profile corresponding to the battery cell charged at the third C-rate C3.
- the fourth differential profile P4 is a differential profile corresponding to the battery cell charged at the fourth C-rate C4.
- the fifth differential profile P5 is a differential profile corresponding to the battery cell charged at the fifth C-rate C5.
- the controller 120 may be configured to obtain the plurality of differential profiles P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , and P5 from the profile generator 110 .
- the controller 120 may be communicatively connected to the profile generator 110 .
- the profile generating unit 110 transmits the generated plurality of differential profiles (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) to the control unit 120, and the control unit 120 transmits the plurality of differential profiles (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) to the control unit 120 from the profile generation unit 110 (
- a plurality of differential profiles P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 may be obtained by receiving P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5).
- the controller 120 may be configured to divide the plurality of differential profiles P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 into a reference differential profile corresponding to a preset reference C-rate and a plurality of reference differential profiles.
- the reference C-rate may be preset to less than 0.1C.
- the controller 120 sets a differential profile corresponding to a C-rate of less than 0.1C among the plurality of differential profiles P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 as a reference differential profile, and refers to the other differential profiles as reference differential You can set it as a profile.
- the controller 120 may set the differential profile having the smallest corresponding C-rate as the reference differential profile, and set the remaining differential profiles as the reference differential profile. .
- the reference C-rate may be preset to 0.05C.
- the controller 120 may set the differential profile corresponding to 0.05C among the plurality of differential profiles as the reference differential profile, and set the remaining differential profiles as the reference differential profile.
- the controller 120 selects the differential profile having the smallest C-rate among the plurality of differential profiles. It can be set as a reference differential profile, and the remaining differential profiles can be set as a reference differential profile.
- the reference C-rate is preset to 0.05C, the first C-rate (C1), the second C-rate (C2), the third C-rate (C3), the fourth C-rate (C4) and It is assumed that the fifth C-rate (C5) is 0.05C, 0.33C, 0.5C, 0.7C, and 1C, respectively.
- the controller 120 sets the first differential profile P1 corresponding to the first C-rate (C1) as the reference differential profile, and the second to fifth C-rates (C2, C3).
- the second to fifth differential profiles P2, P3, P4, and P5 corresponding to , C4, and C5 may be set as reference differential profiles. That is, among the first to fifth differential profiles P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, the first differential profile P1 is divided into a reference differential profile, and the second to fifth differential profiles P2, P3, P4, P5) can be classified as a reference differential profile.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine a reference peak in the reference differential profile and determine a reference peak in each of the plurality of reference differential profiles.
- the reference peak and the reference peak may correspond to each other. That is, the reference peak and the reference peak may be points having an upward convex shape in a predetermined voltage range in a differential profile corresponding to each.
- the point having an upward convex shape means a point at which the instantaneous rate of change of the differential capacitance with respect to voltage is 0. Based on the point, the instantaneous rate of change of the low potential side is positive and the instantaneous rate of change of the high potential side is negative. do.
- the reference peak and the reference peak may be points having the largest differential capacity among peaks included in 3.6V to 3.8V in the corresponding differential profile.
- the first differential profile P1 includes the first peak Pa
- the second differential profile P2 includes the second peak Pb
- the third differential profile P3 includes may include a third peak Pc
- the fourth differential profile P4 may include the fourth peak Pd
- the fifth differential profile P5 may include the fifth peak Pe. That is, the controller 120 may determine a reference peak in the reference differential profile and determine a reference peak in each of the plurality of reference differential profiles.
- the controller 120 may be configured to compare the determined voltages of the reference peaks with the determined voltages of the plurality of reference peaks.
- the controller 120 may compare the voltage of the reference peak and the determined voltages of the plurality of reference peaks, respectively. That is, the controller 120 may calculate a voltage difference between the reference peak and each of the plurality of reference peaks.
- the voltage of the first peak Pa which is the reference peak
- Voltages of the second peak Pb, the third peak Pc, the fourth peak Pd, and the fifth peak Pe corresponding to the plurality of reference peaks may be Vb, Vc, Vd, and Ve, respectively.
- the controller 120 calculates a first voltage difference between the voltage Va of the first peak Pa and the voltage Vb of the second peak Pb, and the voltage Va of the first peak Pa and the second A second voltage difference between the voltages Vc of the three peaks Pc may be calculated.
- the controller 120 calculates a third voltage difference between the voltage Va of the first peak Pa and the voltage Vd of the fourth peak Pd, and the voltage Va of the first peak Pa and the second A fourth voltage difference between the voltages Ve of the 5 peaks Pe may be calculated.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell according to the comparison result. Specifically, the controller 120 may be configured to compare the plurality of calculated voltage differences with a preset threshold voltage Vth, and to determine the upper limit C-rate according to the comparison result.
- the controller 120 may compare each of the calculated first to fourth voltage differences with a preset threshold voltage Vth.
- the controller 120 may compare the magnitude between each of the first to fourth voltage differences and the threshold voltage Vth, and determine the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell according to the comparison result.
- the upper limit C-rate is set for each battery cell, and may mean a maximum allowable C-rate when the battery cell is charged and discharged. That is, the upper limit C-rate determined by the controller 120 may be set as the maximum allowable C-rate for the battery cell. In addition, the battery cell may be charged or discharged at a C-rate less than the determined upper limit C-rate.
- the control unit 120 determines the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell according to the result of comparing the voltage of the reference peak with the voltage of the plurality of reference peaks, thereby preventing the occurrence of side reactions in the battery cells according to charging and discharging. can be prevented
- the charging and discharging of the battery cells can be controlled according to the upper limit C-rate determined by the battery management apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the deterioration of the battery cells is slowed, and thus the lifespan of the battery cells. This can be increased.
- control unit 120 provided in the battery management apparatus 100 is a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and registers known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the controller 120 may be implemented as a set of program modules.
- the program module may be stored in the memory and executed by the controller 120 .
- the memory may be inside or outside the control unit 120 , and may be connected to the control unit 120 by various well-known means.
- the battery management apparatus 100 may further include a storage unit 130 .
- the storage unit 130 may store data necessary for each component of the battery management apparatus 100 to perform operations and functions, programs or data generated in the course of performing operations and functions.
- the storage unit 130 is not particularly limited in its type as long as it is a known information storage means capable of writing, erasing, updating and reading data.
- the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, and the like.
- the storage unit 130 may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit 120 are defined.
- a plurality of battery profiles may be stored in the storage unit 130 .
- the profile generating unit 110 may access the storage unit 130 to obtain a plurality of battery profiles.
- the plurality of differential profiles generated by the profile generator 110 may be stored in the storage 130 .
- the control unit 120 may not only receive the plurality of differential profiles directly from the profile generator 110 , but may also access the storage unit 130 to obtain a plurality of battery profiles and a plurality of differential profiles.
- controller 120 determines the upper limit C-rate.
- the controller 120 may determine any one of a plurality of C-rates at which the battery cells are charged as the upper limit C-rate.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine a reference peak having a calculated voltage difference equal to or greater than the threshold voltage Vth as the target peak TP.
- the threshold voltage Vth may be preset.
- a reference peak having a voltage difference equal to or greater than the threshold voltage Vth based on the voltage of the reference peak may be the fifth peak Pe. That is, the voltage difference between the voltage of the fifth peak Pe and the voltage of the reference peak may be greater than the threshold voltage Vth. Accordingly, the controller 120 may determine the fifth peak Pe as the target peak TP.
- the controller 120 selects the reference peak having the calculated voltage difference equal to or greater than the threshold voltage Vth and having the smallest calculated voltage difference as the target peak. (TP) can be determined. That is, the controller 120 may determine a reference peak having the calculated voltage difference equal to or greater than the threshold voltage Vth and having the smallest corresponding voltage as the target peak TP.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine the C-rate corresponding to the reference differential profile including the determined target peak TP as the upper limit C-rate.
- the controller 120 may select the fifth differential profile P5 including the target peak TP.
- the controller 120 may determine the fifth C-rate C5 corresponding to the fifth differential profile P5 as the upper limit C-rate.
- the controller 120 may determine the target C-rate (TC) based on a plurality of C-rates charged with respect to the battery cell, and determine the determined target C-rate (TC) as the upper limit C-rate. have.
- the controller 120 may be configured to generate a voltage profile Pv indicating a correspondence relationship between the plurality of voltage differences and the plurality of C-rates.
- the controller 120 may control the C-rate of the first differential profile P1, the second differential profile P2, the third differential profile P3, the fourth differential profile P4, and the fifth differential profile P5. and a voltage profile (Pv) for the voltage difference can be generated.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a voltage profile Pv generated by the battery management apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the controller 120 controls a first C-rate (C1), a second C-rate (C2) and a first voltage difference, a third C-rate (C3) and a second voltage difference, and a fourth A voltage profile Pv representing a difference between C-rate (C4) and a third voltage and a difference between a fifth C-rate (C5) and a fourth voltage may be generated.
- the first C-rate (C1) is the C-rate corresponding to the reference differential profile. That is, since the voltage difference is calculated based on the voltage of the reference peak, the voltage difference corresponding to the first C-rate (C1) may be set to zero.
- the first voltage difference may be Vb-Va
- the second voltage difference may be Vc-Va
- the third voltage difference may be Vd-Va
- the fourth voltage difference may be Ve-Va.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine a target C-rate TC corresponding to the threshold voltage Vth in the generated voltage profile Pv as the upper limit C-rate.
- the controller 120 may select the target C-rate TC corresponding to the threshold voltage Vth by substituting the threshold voltage Vth into the generated voltage profile Pv. In addition, the controller 120 may determine the selected target C-rate (TC) as the upper limit C-rate.
- the target C-rate corresponding to the threshold voltage Vth may be TC within 0.8C to 1C.
- the controller 120 may determine the target C-rate (TC) as the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell.
- the threshold voltage Vth is set by the controller 120.
- the controller 120 may be configured to acquire the plurality of battery profiles.
- the controller 120 may acquire a plurality of battery profiles by accessing the storage 130 .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a plurality of battery profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 may be an anode profile showing a correspondence relationship between a cathode voltage and a capacity of a battery cell charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates.
- the battery profile includes a positive electrode profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the positive voltage and capacity of the battery cell, a negative electrode profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a negative voltage and capacity of the battery cell, and a correspondence relationship between voltage and capacity of the battery cell (full cell).
- a full cell profile representing may be included.
- the profile generator 110 may generate a differential profile based on the full cell profile.
- the controller 120 may acquire the negative electrode profile among the battery profiles from the storage unit 130 .
- the controller 120 controls the first cathode profile NP1 corresponding to the first C-rate (C1), and the second cathode profile NP2 corresponding to the second C-rate (C2). ) and a third cathode profile NP3 corresponding to the third C-rate C3 may be obtained. Also, the controller 120 may obtain a fourth cathode profile NP4 corresponding to the fourth C-rate (C4) and a fifth cathode profile NP5 corresponding to the fifth C-rate (C5).
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine a reference battery profile corresponding to the reference C-rate and a reference battery profile corresponding to the reference C-rate from the plurality of obtained battery profiles.
- the controller 120 may be configured to determine a reference battery profile and a reference battery profile from the plurality of obtained negative electrode profiles.
- the reference C-rate may be preset to 1C or higher.
- the controller 120 may set a battery profile corresponding to a C-rate of 1C or higher among a plurality of battery profiles as a reference battery profile. If there are a plurality of battery profiles corresponding to the reference C-rate, the controller 120 may set the battery profile having the largest corresponding C-rate as the reference battery profile and set the remaining battery profiles as the reference battery profile. .
- the reference C-rate may be preset to 1C.
- the controller 120 may set the battery profile corresponding to 1C among the plurality of battery profiles as the reference battery profile.
- the controller 120 may set a battery profile having the highest C-rate among the plurality of battery profiles as the reference battery profile.
- the reference C-rate is 0.05C and the reference C-rate is preset to 1C.
- the first C-rate (C1), the second C-rate (C2), the third C-rate (C3), the fourth C-rate (C4), and the fifth C-rate (C5) are each 0.05C , assume 0.33C, 0.5C, 0.7C and 1C.
- the controller 120 determines the first negative electrode profile NP1 corresponding to the first C-rate (C1) as the reference battery profile, and selects the fifth negative electrode profile NP5 corresponding to the fifth C-rate (C5). It can be determined by the reference battery profile.
- the controller 120 may be configured to set the threshold voltage Vth based on the determined reference battery profile and the determined reference battery profile.
- the controller 120 may select a reference capacity satisfying a predetermined condition from the reference battery profile.
- the controller 120 may be configured to set a voltage corresponding to the reference capacity in the reference battery profile as the threshold voltage Vth.
- the controller 120 may set the voltage corresponding to the reference capacity in the reference battery profile as the threshold voltage Vth. That is, the voltage Vth corresponding to the reference capacitance Qr in the first cathode profile NP1 may be set as the threshold voltage Vth.
- the controller 120 may be configured to select a capacity corresponding to a point at which the negative voltage is 0 in the reference battery profile as the reference capacity. That is, the reference capacity satisfying the predetermined condition may be a capacity corresponding to 0 [V] in the reference battery profile. In addition, the controller 120 may be configured to set a negative voltage corresponding to the reference capacity in the reference battery profile as the threshold voltage Vth.
- the capacitance corresponding to 0 [V] in the fifth negative electrode profile NP5 may be Qr. Accordingly, the controller 120 may select Qr [mAh] as the reference capacity.
- a voltage corresponding to the reference capacitance in the first negative electrode profile NP1 may be Vth. Accordingly, the controller 120 may set Vth[V] as the threshold voltage Vth.
- the battery management apparatus 100 may be applied to a Battery Management System (BMS). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management apparatus 100 . In this configuration, at least some of each component of the battery management apparatus 100 may be implemented by supplementing or adding functions of the configuration included in the conventional BMS. For example, the profile generator 110 , the controller 120 , and the storage 130 of the battery management apparatus 100 may be implemented as components of the BMS.
- BMS Battery Management System
- the battery management apparatus 100 according to the present invention may be provided in the battery pack 1 . That is, the battery pack 1 according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management apparatus 100 and one or more battery cells. In addition, the battery pack 1 may further include electrical equipment (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an exemplary configuration of a battery pack 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery pack 1 may include a battery management device 100 , a measuring unit, and a charging/discharging unit 300 .
- the measuring unit may be connected to the first sensing line SL1 , the second sensing line SL2 , and the third sensing line SL3 .
- the measuring unit may measure the positive voltage of the battery cell through the first sensing line SL1 and measure the negative voltage of the battery cell through the second sensing line SL2 .
- the measuring unit may measure the voltage of the battery cell by calculating a difference between the measured positive voltage and the negative voltage.
- the measuring unit may be connected to the current measuring unit A through the third sensing line SL3 .
- the current measuring unit A may be provided on a charge/discharge path of a battery cell.
- the current measuring unit A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor.
- the charge/discharge path may be a high current path through which the charging current and the discharging current of the battery cell flow.
- the measuring unit may measure the current of the battery cell through the third sensing line SL3 connected to the current measuring unit A, and measure the capacity of the battery cell based on the measured current.
- both ends of the charging/discharging unit 300 may be connected to the charging/discharging path of the battery cell.
- one end of the charging/discharging unit 300 may be connected to the positive side of the battery cell in the charging/discharging path.
- the other end of the charging/discharging unit 300 may be connected to the negative side of the battery cell in the charging/discharging path.
- the charging/discharging unit 300 may charge and/or discharge the battery cells under the control of the control unit 120 .
- the charging/discharging unit 300 may charge the battery cells a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates. Specifically, the charging/discharging unit 300 may charge the battery cell from 0% to 100% of the state of charge (SCO).
- the measuring unit may measure a voltage and a capacity while the battery cell is being charged, and generate a battery profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage and the capacity of the battery cell.
- the measurement unit may transmit the generated plurality of battery profiles to the battery management apparatus 100 , and the profile generation unit 110 may receive the plurality of battery profiles from the measurement unit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management method is a method of managing battery cells charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates, and each step of the battery management method may be performed by the battery management apparatus 100 .
- the content overlapping with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.
- the battery management method includes a plurality of battery profile acquisition steps (S100), a differential profile generation step (S200), a differential profile classification step (S300), a reference peak and a reference peak determination step (S400), and an upper limit C- It may include a rate determination step (S500).
- the step of acquiring a plurality of battery profiles is a step of acquiring a plurality of battery profiles indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage and capacity of the battery cells for each of the plurality of C-rates, and may be performed by the profile generator 110 . have.
- Each battery profile may represent a correspondence relationship between a voltage and a capacity of a battery cell charged at a corresponding C-rate.
- the profile generating unit 110 may receive a plurality of battery profiles from the outside or may obtain a plurality of battery profiles by accessing the storage unit 130 .
- the profile generator 110 may obtain first to fifth battery profiles, and each of the first to fifth battery profiles may correspond to each of the first to fifth C-rates (C5).
- the differential profile generating step ( S200 ) is a step of generating a plurality of differential profiles indicating a correspondence between the voltage of the battery cell and a differential capacity with respect to the voltage based on each of the plurality of battery profiles obtained, and the profile generator 110 . ) can be done by
- the profile generator 110 may generate a plurality of differential profiles based on each of the plurality of obtained battery profiles. That is, the profile generator 110 may generate one differential profile for one battery profile.
- the profile generator 110 may generate a first differential profile P1 based on the first battery profile and generate a second differential profile P2 based on the second battery profile. have.
- the profile generator 110 generates a third differential profile P3 based on the third battery profile, generates a fourth differential profile P4 based on the fourth battery profile, and generates a fourth differential profile P4 based on the fifth battery profile.
- a fifth differential profile P5 may be generated.
- the differential profile classification step S300 is a step of dividing the plurality of differential profiles into a reference differential profile corresponding to a preset reference C-rate and a plurality of reference differential profiles, and may be performed by the controller 120 .
- the reference C-rate is set to 0.05C
- the first C-rate (C1) is 0.05C
- the second C-rate (C2) is 0.33C
- the third C-rate (C3) is 0.5C
- the fourth C-rate (C4) is 0.7C
- the fifth C-rate (C5) is 1C.
- the controller 120 divides the first differential profile P1 corresponding to the reference C-rate into the reference differential profile, and the second to fifth differential profiles P2, P3, P4, and P5. can be classified as a reference differential profile.
- the step of determining the reference peak and the reference peak is a step of determining a reference peak in the reference differential profile and determining a reference peak in each of the plurality of reference differential profiles, and may be performed by the controller 120 .
- the controller 120 may determine the first to fifth peaks Pe in each of the first to fifth differential profiles P5 .
- the first peak Pa included in the first differential profile P1 that is the reference differential profile may be determined as the reference peak.
- the second to fifth peaks Pe included in the second to fifth differential profiles P2, P3, P4, and P5 that are the reference differential profiles may be determined as reference peaks.
- the upper limit C-rate determination step (S500) is a step of comparing the determined voltage of the reference peak and the determined voltages of the plurality of reference peaks, and determining the upper limit C-rate of the battery cell according to the comparison result. can be performed by
- the controller 120 compares the voltage of the reference peak and the voltages of the plurality of reference peaks to calculate a voltage difference, compares the calculated voltage difference with the threshold voltage Vth, and compares According to the result, the upper limit C-rate for the battery cell may be determined.
- the battery management method for battery cells charged a plurality of times at each of a plurality of C-rates, deterioration of the battery cells may be accelerated (that is, side reactions may further occur in the battery cells). )
- the upper limit C-rate it is possible to control charging and discharging of battery cells. Accordingly, since the battery cell may be charged and discharged at a C-rate less than the upper limit C-rate, the lifespan of the battery cell may be increased.
- the embodiment of the present invention described above is not implemented only through the apparatus and method, and may be implemented through a program for realizing a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium in which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains from the description of the above-described embodiments.
- control unit 120 control unit
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 복수의 C-rate 각각으로 복수 회 충전된 배터리 셀을 관리하는 배터리 관리 장치에 있어서,상기 복수의 C-rate마다 상기 배터리 셀의 전압과 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 복수의 배터리 프로파일을 획득하고, 획득된 복수의 배터리 프로파일 각각에 기반하여 상기 배터리 셀의 전압과 상기 전압에 대한 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 복수의 미분 프로파일을 생성하도록 구성된 프로파일 생성부; 및상기 프로파일 생성부로부터 상기 복수의 미분 프로파일을 획득하고, 상기 복수의 미분 프로파일을 미리 설정된 기준 C-rate에 대응되는 기준 미분 프로파일과 복수의 참조 미분 프로파일로 구분하며, 상기 기준 미분 프로파일에서 기준 피크를 결정하고, 상기 복수의 참조 미분 프로파일 각각에서 참조 피크를 결정하며, 결정된 기준 피크의 전압과 결정된 복수의 참조 피크의 전압을 비교하고, 비교 결과에 따라 상기 배터리 셀에 대한 상한 C-rate를 결정하도록 구성된 제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 기준 피크와 상기 복수의 참조 피크 각각 간의 전압 차이를 산출하고, 산출된 복수의 전압 차이와 미리 설정된 임계 전압을 비교하며, 비교 결과에 따라 상기 상한 C-rate를 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,산출된 전압 차이가 상기 임계 전압 이상인 참조 피크를 타겟 피크로 결정하며, 결정된 타겟 피크가 포함된 참조 미분 프로파일에 대응되는 C-rate를 상기 상한 C-rate로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 전압 차이와 상기 복수의 C-rate 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 전압 프로파일을 생성하고, 생성된 전압 프로파일에서 상기 임계 전압에 대응되는 타겟 C-rate를 상기 상한 C-rate로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 복수의 배터리 프로파일을 획득하고, 획득된 복수의 배터리 프로파일에서 상기 기준 C-rate에 대응되는 기준 배터리 프로파일 및 참조 C-rate에 대응되는 참조 배터리 프로파일을 결정하며, 결정된 기준 배터리 프로파일 및 결정된 참조 배터리 프로파일에 기반하여 상기 임계 전압을 설정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 참조 배터리 프로파일에서 소정의 조건을 만족하는 참조 용량을 선택하고, 상기 기준 배터리 프로파일에서 상기 참조 용량에 대응되는 전압을 상기 임계 전압으로 설정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 참조 배터리 프로파일에서 음극 전압이 0인 지점에 대응되는 용량을 상기 참조 용량으로 선택하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 기준 배터리 프로파일에서 상기 참조 용량에 대응되는 음극 전압을 상기 임계 전압으로 설정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 복수의 C-rate 각각으로 복수 회 충전된 배터리 셀을 관리하는 배터리 관리 방법에 있어서,상기 복수의 C-rate마다 상기 배터리 셀의 전압과 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 복수의 배터리 프로파일을 획득하는 복수의 배터리 프로파일 획득 단계;획득된 복수의 배터리 프로파일 각각에 기반하여 상기 배터리 셀의 전압과 상기 전압에 대한 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 복수의 미분 프로파일을 생성하는 미분 프로파일 생성 단계;상기 복수의 미분 프로파일을 미리 설정된 기준 C-rate에 대응되는 기준 미분 프로파일과 복수의 참조 미분 프로파일로 구분하는 미분 프로파일 구분 단계;상기 기준 미분 프로파일에서 기준 피크를 결정하고, 상기 복수의 참조 미분 프로파일 각각에서 참조 피크를 결정하는 기준 피크 및 참조 피크 결정 단계; 및결정된 기준 피크의 전압과 결정된 복수의 참조 피크의 전압을 비교하고, 비교 결과에 따라 상기 배터리 셀의 상한 C-rate를 결정하는 상한 C-rate 결정 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 방법.
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| JP2022552277A JP7443648B2 (ja) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
| EP21895112.7A EP4155743A4 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | BATTERY MANAGEMENT DEVICE AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT METHOD |
| CN202180040753.3A CN115917335A (zh) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-11-17 | 电池管理设备及电池管理方法 |
| US19/309,806 US20250389775A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2025-08-26 | Battery Management Apparatus and Method |
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| US12578395B2 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2026-03-17 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for diagnosing state of battery |
| JP2026500698A (ja) * | 2022-12-26 | 2026-01-08 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
| KR102916568B1 (ko) * | 2023-01-05 | 2026-01-22 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 단선 검출 장치 및 이의 동작 방법 |
| CN119137491A (zh) * | 2023-01-25 | 2024-12-13 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | 用于诊断电池的装置和方法 |
| EP4517352A1 (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-03-05 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for diagnosing battery |
| KR102841039B1 (ko) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-07-30 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102839916B1 (ko) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-07-28 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102825276B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-26 | 2025-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102825262B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-26 | 2025-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102841064B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-26 | 2025-07-30 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 정보 생성 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102841065B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-26 | 2025-07-30 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 정보 생성 장치 및 방법 |
| KR102831537B1 (ko) * | 2024-01-30 | 2025-07-07 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
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| KR20220067328A (ko) | 2022-05-24 |
| CN115917335A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
| JP7443648B2 (ja) | 2024-03-06 |
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| EP4155743A4 (en) | 2024-04-10 |
| JP2023515842A (ja) | 2023-04-14 |
| EP4155743A1 (en) | 2023-03-29 |
| KR102847768B1 (ko) | 2025-08-18 |
| US12405310B2 (en) | 2025-09-02 |
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