WO2022109706A1 - Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo - Google Patents
Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022109706A1 WO2022109706A1 PCT/BR2021/050528 BR2021050528W WO2022109706A1 WO 2022109706 A1 WO2022109706 A1 WO 2022109706A1 BR 2021050528 W BR2021050528 W BR 2021050528W WO 2022109706 A1 WO2022109706 A1 WO 2022109706A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention refers to the field of systems for the controlled release of a substance in a medium, as well as forms of embodiment by capsules with the use of biodegradable polymers such as lignin and PVA.
- a key aspect of the successful use of an addictive substance in a medium is the delivery of the substance in the right amount and at the right time for its performance.
- it is necessary to make use of resources of substance release control for example in field cultures, where this may mean placing the additive in vehicles forming particles or capsules.
- a release substance in controlled-release (FLC) or slow-release fertilizers, a release substance can be urea. Due to its high water solubility, excessive release of urea easily leads to excess nitrogen in the soil, which leads to fertilizer losses due to leaching or nitrogen volatilization in nitric or ammoniacal form, respectively.
- Fertilizers are generally classified into two groups, namely natural organic products and synthetic chemicals. Urea belongs to the synthetic group of fertilizers. Since urea is very soluble in water, the most common method of achieving controlled release of fertilizer is to control the solubility of the fertilizer itself. In this case, the slow release products are usually produced by reacting urea with various aldehydes to reduce the material's solvability.
- isobutylidene diurea is a condensation product of urea and isobutyraldehyde. It contains about 31% nitrogen, of which 90% is insoluble in water. Urea can also react with formaldehyde, resulting in methylene-urea polymers, varying in polymer chain length and in the degree of crosslinking of the molecular structure. Nitrogen is released from the insoluble portion of these materials by microbial degradation.
- Another method of regulating the release of a releasing substance is the application of a coating.
- a coating Various release mechanisms are possible, depending on the type of coating applied.
- a pore-free hydrophobic coating When a pore-free hydrophobic coating is used, release occurs only after partial degradation of the coating, for example by microorganisms.
- Water-soluble coatings generally delay the release of the releasing substance. After a certain amount of water absorption, the coating becomes porous or even breaks down and the release substance is then released.
- Controlled or slow release coatings must, on the one hand, be sufficiently hydrophilic to absorb water and thus enable transport of the releasing substance, and, on the other hand, be sufficiently hydrophobic to prevent breakage of the coating wall.
- damage occurs to a controlled-release coating the product loses its controlled-release properties in whole or in part, as coating holes, cracks, or thin spots allow quick access to water which accesses the releasing substance.
- the present invention relates to controlled release methods based on capsules obtained from compositions comprising polymeric solutions, as well as the use of release capsules and the application of controlled release methods.
- the capsule, object of the present invention can optionally also comprise other polymers, such as thermoplastics, which can form a blend with lignin, preferably having 20-25% lignin; 75-80% PVA, on a weight basis.
- It is a fifth objective of the invention to provide a polymeric application composition comprising an encapsulated urea and at least one soil repair agent.
- Figure 1 illustrates Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra for lignin, PVA and PVA-lignin mixture samples.
- Figure 2 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the outer surface of (a) uncoated urea granules.
- Figure 3 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the outer surface of urea with 10% by mass lignin coverage.
- Figure 4 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the outer surface of urea with 10% PVA coverage by mass.
- Figure 5 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the outer surface of urea with 10% by mass coverage of mixture with 25% by mass of lignin and 75% by mass of PVA (25L75P).
- Figure 6 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the external surface of urea granules with 10% by mass coverage of mixture with 50% by mass of lignin and 50% by mass of PVA (50L50P).
- Figure 7 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the outer surface of urea granules with 10% by mass coverage of mixture with 75% by mass of lignin and 25% by mass of PVA (75L25P).
- Figure 8 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of uncoated urea granule cross-section.
- Figure 9 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the cross-section of lignin-coated urea granules.
- Figure 10 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the cross section of PVA coated urea granules.
- Figure 11 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cross-section image of urea granules coated by blending with 25 wt% lignin and 75 wt% PVA (25L75P).
- Figure 12 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cross-section image of urea granules coated by mixing with 50% by mass of lignin and 50% by mass of PVA (50L50P).
- Figure 13 illustrates Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cross-section image of urea granules coated by blending with 75 wt% lignin and 25 wt% PVA (75L25P).
- Figure 14 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on nitrogen release from a lignin-coated urea sample, with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 15 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different polymeric wall thicknesses on nitrogen release from a PVA-coated urea sample (experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model).
- Figure 16 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on nitrogen release from a 20L80P blend coated urea sample with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 17 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on nitrogen release from a 25L75P blend coated urea sample with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 18 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on the release of nitrogen from a urea sample coated with the 30L70P blend with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 19 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on the release of nitrogen from a urea sample coated with the 50L50P blend with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 20 is a graph demonstrating the kinetic curve of the effect of different capsule wall thicknesses on the release of nitrogen from a urea sample coated with the 75L25P blend with experimental data and fitted to the Higuchi model.
- Figure 21 shows the Differential Scanning Calorimetry curves of lignin, PVA and Blends 25L75P, 50L50P and 75L25P samples.
- Figure 22 shows the tensile results of the PVA and Blends 25L75P and 50L50P samples.
- the present invention relates to capsule-based controlled release methods obtained in compositions comprising polymeric solutions for use in release capsules and the application of controlled release methods.
- the release capsule, object of the present invention comprises a capsule interior and a capsule wall encapsulating the interior, the latter comprising at least one releasing substance, or more releasing substances, and the capsule wall comprising of 20 -50% lignin and 50-80% PVA, where PVA is the common name for polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl acetate, by weight.
- the capsule, object of the present invention can also comprise other polymers, such as thermoplastics, which can form a blend with lignin.
- the capsule, object of the present invention comprises 20-25% lignin and 75-80% PVA, on a weight basis.
- Lignin is one of the most abundant renewable materials and only a small part of the total amount available is being exploited, mainly in the pulp and paper industry. Based on its interesting functional properties, lignin has good potential for various applications. Lignin is amorphous and compared to other biopolymers. The film-forming properties make lignin an interesting group of materials for development of slow release coatings for release substances.
- Lignin can be obtained by a series of processes, from various plants or biomass. Among them, the most notable are alkaline pulping process, sulphite pulping process, ball milling process, enzymatic release process, extraction with organic solvents and steam explosion process. Lignins are readily available biocompatible materials of plant origin that are relatively inexpensive.
- the release capsule comprises an average thickness of at least 50 ⁇ m. Such configuration is achieved by the mass ratio of at least 10% of polymeric solution in relation to the material to be coated.
- the releasing substance is a fertilizing material.
- nitrogen fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfonitrate, urea-ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple superphosphate (STG), triple ammonium superphosphate, single superphosphate (SSP), double superphosphate, single ammonium superphosphate, partially acidulated phosphate, ammonium phosphosulfate, magnesium thermophosphate, thermophosphate potassium magnesium, thermosuperphosphate; potassium fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium citrate, potassium carbonate, double sodium potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium magnesium sulfate; calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate,
- the release capsule, object of the present invention is obtained by curing a polymeric solution that comprises, in total mass of the mixture, 20-50% lignin and 50-80% PVA, on a mass basis, which will be diluted in a thinning agent.
- the thinning agent is in a mass ratio of 1:5 to 1:15 of the polymeric mixture.
- the thinning agent is in a 1:8 mass ratio of the polymer mixture.
- Curing can take place through, for example, drying at room temperature, at approximately 25°C for 3 h for each cubic meter.
- the present invention also provides a method of producing capsules comprising:
- the dispersant can be talc, limestone, kaolin, sulfur powder, dolomite, powdered micronutrient oxides, among others.
- the dispersant is lignin.
- the capsule production method also object of the present invention, preferably presents in step (a) the supply of 20-25% of lignin and 75-80% of PVA, in total mass of the mixture. [061] Also, the method preferably presents, in step (c) the addition and mixing of the diluting agent to the polymeric mixture in a mass ratio of 1:8, to provide a preferential polymeric solution.
- the method preferably presents, in step (d) the addition and mixing of release substance(s) to the polymeric solution for an encapsulating mixture comprising a mass ratio of 1 to 30%, preferably 10% of polymeric solution for the release substance(s).
- the capsule production method, object of the present invention preferably presents, in step (e) the addition of a dispersant to the encapsulating mixture in a preferential mass ratio of 1:10, to obtain capsules comprising a core of capsule and capsule wall formed by the combination of lignin and PVA.
- the diluting agent can be methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetamide, glycols, dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone, preferably acetone or methanol.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- acetamide acetamide
- glycols glycols
- dimethylformamide DMF
- acetone preferably acetone or methanol.
- powder mixtures were prepared by varying the mass ratio of lignin and PVA, as shown in Table 1.
- Figure 1 illustrates Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) for samples of lignin, PVA and mixtures of PVA with lignin obtained from a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR, Perkin Elmer, Spectrum two) coupled to a total reflection attenuator (ATR) in the frequency range of 4000 to 400 cnr 1 with a resolution of 4 cnr 1 .
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectra
- the lignin sample ( Figure 1) shows an intense peak near 1100 cm 1 , relative to the secondary alcoholic groups.
- the bands from 2800 to 3000 cnr 1 can be attributed to the C-FI of the methyl and methylene groups present in the alkyl chains and the methoxyl groups correspond to the bands from 2850 to 2960 cnr 1 .
- the broad absorption linked to 3440 cnr 1 in the lignin sample is related to the elongation of the vibration of the hydroxyl groups.
- Table 2 presents the viscosity values of the polymeric solutions and the contact angles of their respective polymeric films.
- the PVA solution showed lower viscosity than the lignin solution, probably related to the molecular weight of both polymers.
- the polymeric film prepared from PVA presented the lowest contact angle, which confirms the lower hydrophobicity of this material in relation to the others. O increasing the lignin content in the PVA solution increased the viscosity and contact angle values.
- the viscosities of the polymer solutions were measured using a viscometer (Brookfield, DV III - Ultra) with the Spindle SC4-34, at the highest rotation speed, which will provide a full scale reading (200 rpm) and at room temperature. (approximately 25°C).
- the prepared polymeric solutions were spread on plastic sheets and the contact angle of the prepared polymeric films was verified in a video-based optical contact angle measuring instrument (Dataphysics, model SCA20). First, the samples were air-dried at room temperature for 48 h. The water contact angle values were obtained by averaging at least 3 measurements.
- the present invention also provides an encapsulated urea for use in soil amendment which comprises a core comprising a urea, and a capsule shell comprising lignin and PVA.
- the capsule or encapsulated urea, objects of the present invention can be used in application compositions.
- the application compositions comprising the capsule or the encapsulated urea of the present invention can be routinely used in the application to soils, crops or culture media in general. Any environment that requires the sustained release of a releasing substance and that comprises a solvent substance. Usually, when applied to the soil, the available water, in contact with the capsule, initiates a process of releasing the releasing substance into the medium.
- Controlled release of nitrogen-source fertilizers by natural-oil-based poly(urethane) coatings The kinetic aspects of urea release, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(33). Briefly, the methodology consists of preparing the Ehrlich reagent (5.0 g of 4-4'-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 20 ml of hydrochloric acid PA diluted with distilled water to 100 ml) and the 10% solution of trichloroacetic acid. Then, 500 ml of the sample taken were mixed with 2.5 ml of the trichloroacetic acid solution and 500 ml of the Ehrlich reagent.
- the Ehrlich reagent 5.0 g of 4-4'-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 20 ml of hydrochloric acid PA diluted with distilled water to 100 ml
- 500 ml of the sample taken were mixed with 2.5 ml of the trichloroacetic acid solution and 500 ml of the Ehrlich
- the absorbance of this prepared solution was measured at 435 nm (Shimadzu spectrophotometer, model 1240) and the nitrogen concentration was calculated based on a calibration curve.
- the calibration curve was obtained following the same procedure as described above, but using known concentrations of urea.
- Q is the nitrogen release (%) at time t (h)
- Ko is the zero-order release constant (Ir 1 )
- KKP is the Korsmeyer-Peppas release constant (lr n )
- n is the Korsmeyer-Peppas (dimensionless) releasing exponent
- KH is the Higuchi release constant (Ir 0 ' 5 )
- KPHI (Ir 05 ) and KPH2 (Ir 05 ) are the Peppas-Sahlin release constants.
- Figures 2-7 illustrate the external surface of the samples produced.
- Figure 2 illustrates the outer surface of the uncoated urea granule as rough and porous, due to the typical crystal structure of urea.
- Figure 4 illustrates the PVA coating, which has a smooth and dense external surface and no cracks or holes were observed.
- Figures 5-7 reveal coating surfaces of the PVA and lignin mixtures, which were still smooth and any aggregation was not observed, which indicates that the PVA and lignin molecules were homogeneously mixed. It is noted that the addition of lignin in PVA increased the formation of cracks on the coating surface. We observed that the film with 25% by mass of lignin is homogeneous, and the addition of 50% by mass of lignin already causes cracks to form.
- the polymeric coating of 1 to 30%, preferably at 10% by weight allows the complete coating, resulting in a surface without discontinuities.
- Figures 8-13 present scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the cross section of urea granules coated with the different polymer solutions proposed at 25% by mass. Although different polymer concentrations resulted in different wall thicknesses of capsule, the morphology of the capsule walls at all concentrations was quite similar.
- Figure 8 illustrates a cross-sectional SEM image of the uncoated urea granule in which it shows that the granule is uniformly formed by elongated crystals.
- Figure 9 shows a crack in the lignin film, which extends through the thickness of the lignin film.
- KPSI and KPS2 represent the Fickian and relaxational contributions.
- KPSI was higher than KPS2, which indicates that the Fickia diffusion is more predominant than the relaxational contributions, since the polymers used did not show considerable swelling.
- the decrease in curvature parameter represents a decrease in nitrogen release. Table 5 presents the time required to release approximately 90% of nitrogen from urea granules coated with all proposed polymers.
- the curvature of the nitrogen release data is reduced by a factor of at least 1.3 when the polymer concentration is increased from 10 to 15% by weight.
- the curvature of the nitrogen release data is decreased by a factor of less than 1.33 (for the PVA coating, Figure 15) if the polymer concentration is increased from 15 to 25% by weight.
- the increase in polymer concentration from 10 to 15% by mass is more pronounced in the decrease in nitrogen release from the coated urea samples than from 15 to 25% by mass. This behavior may be associated with the fact that coating urea samples with 15% by weight of the proposed polymers is sufficient to control the release of nitrogen from the urea granules.
- the polymeric films are dense, but several cracks were observed, which resulted in the diffusion of water in the urea granules.
- the thickness of the polymers is an important parameter in the control of water diffusion in urea granules coated with lignin and PVA, however, it is not the most prominent, as it has an effect on the weighted composition of the polymeric controlled release system, one of the objects of the present invention.
- the present invention suggests mixing PVA with lignin to improve the characteristics of the formed film in terms of increasing the release time of one or more substances.
- the data presented in Table 5 show that blends with 20 to 30% lignin increased the release time of the nitrogen present in urea.
- the release time of the blend with 50% lignin was similar to that of PVA. Therefore, it should be noted that, in an unprecedented and surprising way, the blends formed with lignin and PVA with up to 30% by mass of lignin showed longer nitrogen release times than PVA and lignin.
- Figure 21 presents a characterization of polymers and blends by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- the DSC patterns in Figure 21 show endothermic peaks of glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tf).
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tf melting temperature
- the glass transition temperature of polymeric mixtures is a typical characteristic that is used in the study of miscibility and interaction between polymers.
- the melting temperature is mainly used in the investigation of polymer crystallization.
- the PVA and the blends (25L75P and 50L50P) showed two main characteristic endothermic peaks, one related to the glass transition temperature and the other to the melting temperature.
- the PVA had a glass transition temperature of 95.7°C, while the blends 25L75P and 50L50P obtained values for Tg of 67.1 and 114.1°C, respectively. In addition, the 75L25P blend had two main Tg-related peaks located at 96.0 and 121.3°C.
- the glass transition temperature was 86.7°C.
- the 25L75P blend has a glass transition temperature lower than that of the materials, showing the plasticization process of the lignin by mixing 25% by mass of it with PVA, with an improvement in the mechanical behavior of this material.
- the glass transition (Tg) is greater than that of PVA and lignin, which shows a greater fragility of these blends.
- the addition of 25% of lignin in PVA shows better mechanical characteristics for the polymeric film. This behavior corroborates the results of increased release time presented in Table 5.
- All solid materials can be deformed when subjected to external loads.
- a deformed body When a deformed body is able to recover its original dimensions when the load is removed, its behavior is said to be elastic, and the region before the maximum stress suffered by the material is called the elastic region. From the limit load, the material no longer behaves elastically, reaching the elastic limit. In this way, the deformations suffered after the maximum stress value are called plastic deformation, and this region is known as the plastic region.
- the stress versus strain curve for PVA showed that it has an essentially ductile and resistant behavior.
- the films formed with the mixture of lignin and PVA showed values of maximum stress lower than the PVA film, in addition to a decrease in the elasticity parameter.
- the blend 25L75P presented a greater resistance to the deformation in relation to the PVA.
- Materials considered plasticizers reduce the modulus of elasticity, as they weaken the bond that holds the polymer molecules together and, therefore, the material becomes less rigid, presenting greater elasticity.
- the insertion of lignin in the PVA composition increased the elasticity of the materials, but the 50L50P blend behaved as a rigid material, with the plastic region of the material not being evidenced as shown in Figure 22.
- the application of the polymeric controlled release system, or the capsule of the present invention, to the culture medium comprises the application to a soil, a bed, pots, plantation, rumen, by-pass protein protection for animal nutrition, release urea control for ruminants, biocide capsules, etc.
- the present invention also provides a polymeric material for delivering a delivery compound that comprises a polymeric matrix material comprising at least 50%, by mass, of the combination of lignin and PVA; and one or more release substances within the polymer matrix; wherein the polymeric matrix material is a polymeric material having hydrophobic characteristics and the release substance(s) incorporated into the polymeric matrix is a hydrophilic material.
- the polymer matrix material forms the capsule wall and is composed of the combination of lignin and PVA.
- a combination comprises at least 50% of the capsule wall.
- other compounds can be present without affecting the capsule wall release performance, such as inclusions, additive materials or eventual process impurities.
- the objective of the capsule wall to encapsulate, at least partially, a substance(s) of release incorporated into the polymeric matrix, by virtue of protecting it from water it follows that this is a material preferably hydrophobic. Even more preferably, the use of such protection is for hydrophilic releasing substances.
- the use further provides the soil repair agent comprising the capsule of the present invention, wherein the capsule wall comprises lignin and PVA and the capsule interior comprises one or more release substances.
- the application of the capsule to the culture medium, preferably a soil provides for the controlled release of the release substance which can provide the soil correction as desired.
- immediate release of release substances is much inferior to controlled release, which provides greater use of release substances and avoids waste and overdoses.
- the release time can be controlled according to the wall mass as a percentage of the total composition mass, as well as the proportion between lignin and PVA. For example, according to Table 5, increasing the proportion of PVA in the blend leads to longer release time, while increasing capsule wall thickness (and consequent increase in its mass ratio in the capsule) also leads to longer release time, with increase in the release curve curvature parameter.
- FIG. 5 it is possible to identify the surface of the capsule of the invention free from cracks.
- Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the progressive appearance of cracks.
- the inventors believe that the cracks present in the capsules provide water penetration into the capsule wall, without reaching the release material and reaching the release material, providing a cause and effect relationship between the blend composition. and crack creation, which is evidenced in Table 5, providing a modulation in the release curve ( Figures 14 to 20).
- Such modulation is a polymeric system for the controlled release of a release substance in a medium.
- the release effect is controlled by (i) the thickness of the wall formed; (ii) wall composition, which are determined according to the environment, thus providing a method of controlled release and controlled release of the releasing substance, as the Capsule walls can thus maintain a certain integrity without the immediate solvency of the releasing substance, providing for release according to exposure to the medium.
- the present composition provides the ideal balance between the retention of the release substance and its exposure to the medium and the release process, when once started, is progressive and with good distribution in time.
- the controlled release polymeric system of the present invention provides for the constitution of multilayers of different blend compositions.
- the polymeric controlled release system provides a method of controlled release of a release substance in a culture medium that comprises the modulation between 20-50% lignin and 50-80% PVA in a wall of capsule and an average thickness of at least 50 ⁇ m.
- the application of the polymeric solution, object of the present invention, to surfaces or particularized objects can provide its exposure, or release, prolonged in time.
- the application of the polymeric solution to a hydrophilic material can provide its containment for a certain period that, in the end, when water penetrates, it will start a process of exposure of the contained material, which will be released. In this sense, the formation of the capsule itself is not necessary, but the seal provided by a film produced by the polymeric solution, when cured, will form such a seal.
- Such a polymeric solution, and film becomes a sustained release wall, which in the present invention comprises lignin and PVA, and the 5 release of the releasing substance, or even exposure of the surface under the wall, be promoted by the contact of water on the sustained release wall.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3201645A CA3201645A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Release capsule, polymeric solution, method of producing capsules, encapsulated urea for use in soil correction, polymeric materiel for release of a release compound, polymeric controlled release system, method of controlled release, application composition and soil repairing agent |
| IL303245A IL303245A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Release capsule, polymeric solution, method of producing capsules, encapsulated urea for use in soil correction, polymeric material for release of a release compound, polymeric controlled release system, method of controlled release, application composition and soil repairing agent |
| KR1020237022238A KR20240032695A (ko) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | 방출 캡슐, 폴리머 용액, 캡슐의 제조 방법, 토양 보정에 사용하기 위한 캡슐화 요소, 방출 화합물의 방출을 위한 폴리머 재료, 폴리머 조절 방출 시스템, 조절 방출 방법, 적용 조성물 및 토양 복구제 |
| MX2023006232A MX2023006232A (es) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Capsula de liberacion, solucion polimerica, metodo de produccion de capsulas, urea encapsulada para uso en la correccion de suelos, material polimerico para la liberacion de un compuesto de liberacion, sistema polimerico de liberacion controlada, metodo de liberacion controlada, composicion de aplicacion y agente de reparacion de suelos. |
| US18/039,070 US20240043353A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Release Capsule, Polymeric Solution, Method of Producing Capsules, Encapsulated Urea for Use in Soil Correction, Polymeric Material for Release of a Release Compound, Polymeric Controlled Release System, Method of Controlled Release, Application Composition and Soil Repairing Agent |
| CN202180079916.9A CN116940542A (zh) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | 释放胶囊、聚合物溶液、生产胶囊的方法、用于土壤改良的包封尿素、用于释放化合物的释放的聚合物材料、聚合物控释系统、控释方法、施用组合物和土壤修复剂 |
| EP21895978.1A EP4253352A4 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | RELEASE CAPSULE, POLYMER SOLUTION, METHOD FOR PRODUCING CAPSULES, ENCAPSULATED UREA FOR USE IN SOIL AMENDMENT, POLYMER MATERIAL FOR RELEASE OF RELEASE COMPOUND, CONTROLLED RELEASE POLYMER SYSTEM, CONTROLLED RELEASE METHOD, APPLICATION COMPOSITION AND SOIL RESTORATION AGENT |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR102020024521-0A BR102020024521A2 (pt) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo |
| BRBR1020200245210 | 2020-11-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022109706A1 true WO2022109706A1 (pt) | 2022-06-02 |
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ID=81753795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2021/050528 Ceased WO2022109706A1 (pt) | 2020-11-30 | 2021-11-30 | Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240043353A1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP4253352A4 (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR20240032695A (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN116940542A (pt) |
| AR (1) | AR124168A1 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR102020024521A2 (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA3201645A1 (pt) |
| CL (1) | CL2023001525A1 (pt) |
| IL (1) | IL303245A (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX2023006232A (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2022109706A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR102020024521A2 (pt) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-14 | Suzano S.A. | Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo |
| CN118937593B (zh) * | 2024-08-14 | 2025-05-27 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种快速评价生物基包膜尿素养分释放快慢的方法 |
Citations (2)
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| EP0918045A1 (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-05-26 | Mikuni Corporation | Ceramic granules |
| CN109476561A (zh) * | 2016-05-18 | 2019-03-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含用作硝化抑制剂的苄基炔丙基醚的胶囊 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992006056A1 (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-04-16 | The University Of New England | Fertilizer coating process |
| BR9912624B1 (pt) * | 1998-07-30 | 2013-12-03 | Microcápsula, suspensão aquosa de microcápsulas, composição, emblagem de combinação, e, processos para controlar uma peste, para a produção de microcápsulas formadas de uma parede de revestimento de poliuréia e contendo um ingrediente ou ingredientes encapsulados, e para a preparação destas microcápsulas | |
| CN101712583B (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-10-24 | 南京林业大学 | 层状粘土改性氨化木质素肥料的制备 |
| CN103044137B (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-11-12 | 南通联农农药制剂研究开发有限公司 | 一种氮肥稳定剂组合物及其制备方法 |
| KR101485578B1 (ko) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-01-21 | 주식회사 리더스케미컬 | 지효성을 갖는 매트릭스형 입상복합비료의 제조방법 및 이로부터 얻은 매트릭스형 입상복합비료 |
| CN105884477A (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-08-24 | 扬州播金源农业科技发展有限公司 | 一种高吸水树脂包纳尿素共体颗粒外层包衣缓释肥料 |
| CN104387213A (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-04 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | 一种可生物降解的控释包膜尿素及其制备方法 |
| DK3240767T3 (da) * | 2014-12-31 | 2021-06-28 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Mikroindkapslede nitrifikationshæmmersammensætninger |
| CN107011045A (zh) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-04 | 高青山 | 一种小麦种植用补氮有机缓释肥 |
| CN107141094A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-08 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | 一种基于木质素的热固性树脂包膜控释肥及其生产方法 |
| CN109362522A (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-22 | 山东省花生研究所 | 一种花生种植方法 |
| BR102018077446A2 (pt) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-07 | Suzano Papel E Celulose S.A. | fibras sintéticas poliméricas aditivadas com lignina, seu processo de obtenção e uso para confecção de produtos têxteis |
| CN110746221A (zh) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-04 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种基于木质素的缓释氮肥颗粒及制备方法 |
| BR102020024521A2 (pt) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-14 | Suzano S.A. | Cápsula de liberação, solução polimérica, método de produção de cápsulas, ureia encapsulada para uso em correção de solo, material polimérico para liberação de um composto de liberação, sistema polimérico de liberação controlada, método de liberação controlada, composição de aplicação e agente de reparação de solo |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 BR BR102020024521-0A patent/BR102020024521A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2021
- 2021-11-29 AR ARP210103286A patent/AR124168A1/es unknown
- 2021-11-30 KR KR1020237022238A patent/KR20240032695A/ko active Pending
- 2021-11-30 EP EP21895978.1A patent/EP4253352A4/en active Pending
- 2021-11-30 WO PCT/BR2021/050528 patent/WO2022109706A1/pt not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-30 CN CN202180079916.9A patent/CN116940542A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-30 IL IL303245A patent/IL303245A/en unknown
- 2021-11-30 CA CA3201645A patent/CA3201645A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-30 MX MX2023006232A patent/MX2023006232A/es unknown
- 2021-11-30 US US18/039,070 patent/US20240043353A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-05-26 CL CL2023001525A patent/CL2023001525A1/es unknown
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| EP0918045A1 (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-05-26 | Mikuni Corporation | Ceramic granules |
| CN109476561A (zh) * | 2016-05-18 | 2019-03-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含用作硝化抑制剂的苄基炔丙基醚的胶囊 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR102020024521A2 (pt) | 2022-06-14 |
| CL2023001525A1 (es) | 2024-04-05 |
| EP4253352A4 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
| CN116940542A (zh) | 2023-10-24 |
| AR124168A1 (es) | 2023-02-22 |
| KR20240032695A (ko) | 2024-03-12 |
| IL303245A (en) | 2023-07-01 |
| CA3201645A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
| EP4253352A1 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
| MX2023006232A (es) | 2023-10-25 |
| US20240043353A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
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