WO2022121781A1 - 一种相间短路的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种相间短路的处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121781A1
WO2022121781A1 PCT/CN2021/135185 CN2021135185W WO2022121781A1 WO 2022121781 A1 WO2022121781 A1 WO 2022121781A1 CN 2021135185 W CN2021135185 W CN 2021135185W WO 2022121781 A1 WO2022121781 A1 WO 2022121781A1
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Prior art keywords
phase
switch
fault
faulty
current
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PCT/CN2021/135185
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛占钰
邢进春
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Baoding Yuxin Electric Technology Co Ltd
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Baoding Yuxin Electric Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/265,811 priority Critical patent/US12266914B2/en
Priority to EP21902488.2A priority patent/EP4246746B1/en
Priority to JP2023558925A priority patent/JP7575619B2/ja
Publication of WO2022121781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121781A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/083—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for three-phase systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
    • H02H3/105—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions responsive to excess current and fault current to earth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/033—Details with several disconnections in a preferential order, e.g. following priority of the users, load repartition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/30—Staggered disconnection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power supply system fault processing, in particular to a processing method after a phase-to-phase short-circuit fault occurs in a three-phase non-effectively grounded power supply system.
  • Reclosing method first cut off the first circuit breaker on the line and then close the first circuit breaker If it is an instantaneous phase-to-phase short circuit and is eliminated after closing the first circuit breaker, the normal power supply will continue. If the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault still exists after closing the first circuit breaker, cut off the first circuit breaker and wait for maintenance. 2.
  • the time-level difference matching method is adopted: that is, the same circuit breaker can set different overcurrent trip times according to the distance from the power supply. The closer the distance to the power supply, the longer the tripping time.
  • the action time and the time-consuming algorithm are determined. This method can isolate the fault area, but for the fault point close to the power supply, the power supply system can withstand short-circuit current for a long time, and the impact on the power grid is large. 3. Open the first circuit breaker for overcurrent, and then open the circuit breaker at the end. If the fault occurs below the last circuit breaker, the fault can be eliminated. Otherwise, the first circuit breaker is reclosed, and there is still a fault current. Then the first circuit breaker is overcurrent and then trips, and then cuts off the penultimate circuit breaker. If the phase-to-phase short circuit occurs between the penultimate circuit breaker and the last circuit breaker, the fault can be eliminated, and so on.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing method for interphase short circuit, which can quickly locate the interphase short circuit fault point interval in a three-phase non-effectively grounded power supply system and can automatically and accurately remove the fault, which can well improve the processing of interphase short circuit faults quality, improve power supply security.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for processing short-circuit between phases, in which multiple controlled switches are distributed on a three-phase non-effectively grounded power supply system, and the controlled switches can cut off the line according to the current duration;
  • a simple two-phase or three-phase phase-to-phase short circuit occurs in a line, it shall be dealt with as follows (a): (a) maintain a faulty phase of the line and trip the other faulty phases, and connect the one faulty phase to the one faulty phase.
  • the other faulty phase is artificially grounded; then the live phase or system neutral point of the three-phase non-effectively grounded power supply system except the one faulty phase is connected to the ground to form a closed loop with the one faulty phase And generate current, set the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch downstream of the power supply to be shorter than the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch upstream of the power supply.
  • the faulty phase is grounded, stop the live phase or the neutral point of the system from being connected to the earth; when a two-phase or three-phase short-circuit with a ground fault occurs in a line, deal with it according to the method (a), or as follows (b) Treatment: (b) Keep one faulty phase of the line connected and trip the other faulty phases; The neutral point is connected to the ground to form a closed loop with the fault phase and generate current, and the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch downstream of the power supply is set to be shorter than the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch upstream of the power supply. A controlled switch stops the live phase to ground after reaching the trigger condition and disconnecting the line.
  • maintaining the conduction of the one faulty phase includes first tripping the one faulty phase and then conducting the one faulty phase, and not tripping the one faulty phase. faulty phase.
  • the method (a) first trip the first circuit breaker of the one line, and then short the one faulty phase at the first circuit breaker through the first switch to conduct all the circuits.
  • the first switch is the controlled switch
  • the other faulty phase is artificially grounded at the lower port of the first circuit breaker through the third switch
  • the live phase is connected to the
  • the first circuit breaker is connected to the ground or the neutral point of the system is connected to the ground to form a closed loop with the first fault phase and generate current.
  • the controlled switch reaches the trigger condition to cut off the line, the circuit is disconnected.
  • the first switch, the third switch and stop the second switch are grounded, and then the first circuit breaker is closed.
  • the method (b) first trip the first circuit breaker of the one line, and then short the one faulty phase at the first circuit breaker through the first switch to conduct all the circuits.
  • the first switch is the controlled switch, and the live phase is connected to the ground at the upper port of the first circuit breaker or the neutral point of the system is connected to the ground through the second switch.
  • a closed loop is formed with the first fault phase and a current is generated.
  • the second switch is a power electronic switch.
  • the power electronic switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
  • the controlled switch can be cut off in time after reaching the trigger condition to prevent the current detected by the last controlled switch from reaching the trigger condition of the last controlled switch.
  • a current limiting resistor is connected in series in the closed loop.
  • a current limiting resistor is passed between the second switch and the ground.
  • the current limiting resistor is an adjustable resistor.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: after an interphase short-circuit fault occurs, the original fault current is first cut off, and then an appropriate current can be artificially created to flow through a new circuit of the original fault circuit or part of the fault circuit, which is conducive to detection and elimination of faults.
  • one faulty phase is made to be single-phase grounded, and the other faulty phase is disconnected (two-phase short circuit) or the third phase (three-phase short circuit) is disconnected at the same time, and then the electrified phase of the power supply system or the system is disconnected.
  • the neutral point is grounded to form a closed loop with the grounded fault phase and generate a current of a controllable magnitude.
  • the current duration is detected by the controlled switch on the faulted phase and cut off after the controlled switch reaches the trigger condition, because the downstream of the power supply is affected.
  • the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch is shorter than the duration of the current cut off by the controlled switch upstream of the power supply, and the controlled switch on the faulty phase below the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point will not enter the closed loop, and no current flows, so it must be
  • the first controlled switch above the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault point is cut off first, thereby eliminating the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault.
  • the grounding point can be used directly, or an artificially-made grounding point can be used. If it is a simple phase-to-phase short circuit, the grounding point must be artificially created, that is, a grounding point needs to be created on the other faulty phase through the third switch.
  • the controlled switch on the other faulty phase should be set to not detect the current of this phase, that is, the preset rules can be set to not detect the phase difference, such as AB
  • the B phase is not detected between the phases
  • the C phase is not detected between the AC phases
  • the C phase is not detected between the BC phases
  • the C phase is not detected between the ABC phases, so as not to be cut off earlier than the controlled switch that is expected to be cut off.
  • This method converts the phase-to-phase fault into a single-phase grounding fault for processing.
  • the controlled switch can be automatically tripped to eliminate the fault quickly, accurately and automatically. After that, the other fault can be stopped from grounding, and then the live phase can be stopped. Finally, Close the first circuit breaker to restore power.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of an embodiment of the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wiring of another embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • the three-phase power supply system is a common non-effective grounding system, and generally there are multiple outlet lines on the bus of the three-phase power supply system, and each outlet line is provided with multiple controlled
  • the controlled switch can detect the current duration of one phase, two phases or three phases of the line according to the setting, and can be set to cut off the three-phase line when the current duration of any phase reaches the preset value.
  • the controlled switch includes a control unit, a current detection unit and an execution unit, the current detection unit can detect the current of each phase of the three-phase line respectively, and the control unit detects the current detected by the current detection unit.
  • the duration is compared with the preset value, and when the current duration of any phase reaches the preset value, a signal is sent to make the execution unit cut off the three-phase line.
  • the preset value of the current duration that triggers the cut-off the preset value of the current duration of the controlled switch downstream of the power supply direction is shorter than the preset value of the upstream power supply direction. Further away from the power source, that is, the electrical energy is emitted from the power source and transmitted from upstream to downstream. In other words, looking at the upstream and downstream of the power supply direction, the farther away from the power supply, the shorter the preset value of the controlled switch to trigger and cut off, the easier it is to reach the trigger condition first and cut off.
  • the circuit breakers set on each outlet line can detect the duration of the current flowing through the circuit breaker, and can set a certain phase or several phases to cut off the circuit after passing a certain current duration, so the circuit breaker can be regarded as a controlled switch. .
  • each outgoing line of the ABC three-phase is provided with a first circuit breaker 90 near the busbar, and a first switch 1 is provided at the first circuit breaker 90,
  • the first switch 1 includes three switches KA1, KB1 and KC1 installed on the ABC three-phase.
  • the first switch is a controlled switch, that is, the switches KA1, KB1 and KC1 can all be cut off according to a preset current duration, and the first switch is a controlled switch.
  • a certain phase can be short-circuited at the first circuit breaker 90 (for example, after the first circuit breaker 90 is cut off, the switch KA1 in the first switch 1 is closed, and the A-phase can be short-circuited so that the A-phase is wound.
  • the first circuit breaker 90 is turned on again), so that even if the first circuit breaker is cut off, the shorted phase is still on and charged (of course, the first circuit breaker can also keep one phase uncut from the beginning, so that There is no need to short-circuit with the first switch to be charged from the beginning).
  • a third switch 3 is installed at the lower port of the first circuit breaker 90 of each outgoing line.
  • the three switches KA3, KB3 and KC3 in the third switch 3 can respectively conduct the three phases of ABC and the ground, so any one of them can be connected to the ground. grounded.
  • a second switch 2 is also installed on the busbar (that is, the second switch 2 is located at the upper port of the first circuit breaker 90, or the second switch 2 is installed on the neutral point of the system, and only one phase switch is required at this time.
  • the three switches KA2, KB2 and KC2 in the second switch 2 can ground and disconnect the three phases of the bus bar respectively.
  • the second switch 2 is connected with a resistor with adjustable resistance in series for limiting current, so as to avoid excessive short-circuit current between phases and damage the system.
  • a simple phase-to-phase short circuit occurs at point F (such as a BC two-phase short circuit, or a three-phase short circuit)
  • the first circuit breaker 90 is first tripped to cut off the three-phase line, and then closed by a switch of the first switch 1 Make a faulty phase (such as B-phase, close switch KB1) to conduct the charging, and then use a switch of the third switch 3 at the lower port of the first circuit breaker 90 to switch the other faulty phase (ie C-phase, closed at this time).
  • the switch KC3 is turned on at point D with the ground. In this way, the B-phase of the line goes through the short-circuit point F to the C-phase and then to the ground point D, forming a single-phase grounding.
  • the A phase (at this time, the A phase is the live phase) is connected to the ground at the upper port of the first circuit breaker, which will generate current (or use the switch KC2 to ground the C phase, It can also form a closed loop and generate a current), the current flows through the fault phase B through the ground point E of the second switch, the ground point D of the third switch and the interphase short circuit point F, when the current duration reaches the interphase short circuit point F above the nearest
  • the controlled switch 91 cuts off the line, thereby eliminating the phase-to-phase short-circuit point F from the system (because it is cut off in time, the current duration has not reached the trigger condition of the further upstream controlled switch 92, Therefore, the controlled switch 92 will not be cut off; and the controlled switch 93 below the phase-to-phase short-circuit point on the B-phase will not operate because there is no current flowing therethrough). Then turn off the switch KB
  • the first circuit breaker can be controlled separately for three phases and has the function of a controlled switch. At this time, the first circuit breaker can be directly used to maintain a faulty conduction and trip the remaining faulty phases. At the same time, the current duration that the first circuit breaker triggers and cuts off can be set to the longest (that is, longer than the second circuit breaker). If the circuit breakers below the first circuit breaker (used as a controlled switch) do not trip, it means that the A short circuit occurs between the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker. According to the set trigger conditions, the first circuit breaker will inevitably trip, thereby isolating the fault.
  • the third switch in the above method can still be used to create an artificial ground point, and then the second switch can be used to generate an artificial ground point. current, i.e. the above method still applies.
  • the single-phase is grounded, and then the A-phase (or C-phase) is connected to the ground at the upper port of the first circuit breaker through the second switch, so that a current will be generated, and the current will pass through the grounding point E and the grounding point of the second switch.
  • the ground point F at the phase-to-phase short-circuit point flows through the faulty phase B-phase.
  • the controlled switch 91 cuts off the line, thereby eliminating the phase-to-phase short-circuit point F out of system.
  • open the switch KB1 of the first switch stop the second switch 2 to ground the live phase, and close the first circuit breaker 90 to restore the line power supply.
  • the trip of the controlled switch should be timely, and the current duration settings of different controlled switches should have a sufficient difference to avoid the detection of the previous controlled switch during the trip of a controlled switch.
  • the current duration also reaches the trigger condition to trip it, avoiding unreasonable large-scale power outages.
  • the second switch can cease to be grounded.
  • the above processing method can also eliminate the fault.
  • power electronic switches such as insulated gate bipolar transistors, are used to achieve short-term grounding.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种相间短路的处理方法，当一线路发生两相或三相相间短路时，维持该线路的一故障相导通并跳开其余故障相，将与所述一故障相导通的另一故障相人为接地或直接利用现有接地点；然后将除所述一故障相外的所述三相非有效接地供电系统的一带电相或中性点与大地接通，以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，利用受控开关检测电流时长，当某一受控开关在达到触发条件切断线路后即可排出故障。该方法可以快速定位相间短路故障点区间并能自动、快速、准确的切除故障，可以很好提升相间短路故障的处理质量，提升供电安全。

Description

一种相间短路的处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及供电系统故障处理领域，具体涉及一种三相非有效接地供电系统发生相间短路故障后的处理方法。
 背景技术
目前，针对三相非有效接地供电系统某一线路发生相间短路时，通常的方法是：1、采用重合闸的方式：首先切断该线路上的第一把断路器然后再闭合该第一把断路器，如果是瞬时性相间短路，并在闭合第一把断路器后即消除，则继续正常供电。如果在闭合第一把断路器后该相间短路故障仍然存在，则切断第一把断路器等待检修。2、采用时间上的级差配合方法：即同一线路断路器按照距离电源的距离不同，整定不同过流跳闸时间，距离电源越近跳闸时间越长，一般整定级差为100ms，这个时间由开关的机械动作时长和算法耗费时间决定，这种方法可以将故障区域隔离，但是对于故障点离电源近的故障，供电系统耐受短路电流时间长，对电网的冲击大。3、将第一把断路器过流先跳开，然后最末把断路器跳开，如果故障发生最末把断路器以下，则可以排除故障，否则第一断路器重合，仍然有故障电流，则第一把断路器过流再跳开，然后切断倒数第二把断路器，如果相间短路发生在倒数第二把断路器和最末把断路器之间，则可以排除故障，以此类推，依次向上切断断路器，直到将故障排除。但是在此操作过程中，未切断的断路器以及供电系统持续经受大的短路电流冲击，如果时间过长或次数过多，则会对线路造成损坏。假如相间短路的持续时间不能超过300毫秒，而断路器跳开时间为100毫秒的话，则一般线路上不宜超过三把断路器，否则上述方法有可能导致线路超过300毫秒以上的冲击。由此可见，现有的相间短路处理方法均存在处理故障耗时长，并且不能自动排除故障的弊端。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种相间短路的处理方法，该方法可以快速定位三相非有效接地供电系统中相间短路故障点区间并能自动、准确的切除故障，可以很好提升相间短路故障的处理质量，提升供电安全。
 技术解决方案
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取如下技术方案：一种相间短路的处理方法，在三相非有效接地供电系统上分布有多把受控开关，所述受控开关能够根据电流时长切断线路；当一线路发生单纯两相或三相相间短路时，按如下方法（a）处理：（a）维持该线路的一故障相导通并跳开其余故障相，将与所述一故障相导通的另一故障相人为接地；然后将除所述一故障相外的所述三相非有效接地供电系统的一带电相或系统中性点与大地接通，以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，设定电源下游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长短于电源上游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长，当某一受控开关在达到触发条件切断线路后，停止所述另一故障相接地，停止所述一带电相或系统中性点与大地接通；当一线路发生两相或三相相间短路附带接地故障时，按所述方法（a）处理，或者按如下方法（b）处理：（b）维持该线路的一故障相导通并跳开其余故障相；然后将除所述一故障相外的所述三相非有效接地供电系统的一带电相或系统中性点与大地接通，以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，设定电源下游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长短于电源上游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长，当某一受控开关在达到触发条件并切断线路后，停止所述一带电相接地。
优选的，所述方法（a）和方法（b）中，维持所述一故障相导通包括先跳开所述一故障相后再导通所述一故障相，以及不跳开所述一故障相。
优选的，所述方法（a）中，首先将所述一线路的第一把断路器跳开，然后通过第一开关把所述一故障相在第一把断路器处短接从而导通所述一故障相，第一开关为所述受控开关，通过第三开关在第一把断路器下口将所述另一故障相人为接地，通过第二开关将所述一带电相在所述第一把断路器上口与大地接通或在系统中性点与大地接通以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，在所述受控开关达到触发条件切断线路后，断开所述第一开关、第三开关并停止所述第二开关接地，然后闭合所述第一把断路器。
优选的，所述方法（b）中，首先将所述一线路的第一把断路器跳开，然后通过第一开关把所述一故障相在第一把断路器处短接从而导通所述一故障相，第一开关为所述受控开关，通过第二开关将所述一带电相在所述第一把断路器上口与大地接通或在系统中性点与大地接通以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，在所述受控开关达到触发条件切断线路后，断开所述第一开关并停止所述第二开关接地，然后闭合所述第一把断路器。
优选的，所述第二开关为电力电子开关。
优选的，所述电力电子开关为绝缘栅双极型晶体管。
优选的，所述受控开关在达到触发条件后能够及时切断以避免上一个受控开关检测到的电流时间达到所述上一个受控开关的触发条件。
优选的，所述方法（a）中，在所述闭合回路中串联有限流电阻。
优选的，在所述第二开关与大地之间穿有限流电阻。
优选的，所述限流电阻为可调电阻。
 有益效果
本发明有益效果在于：相间短路故障发生后，先切断原故障电流，然后可以人为制造一个适当电流且流过原全部故障回路或部分故障回路的新回路从而有利于检测和排除故障。具体来说，将一故障相制造成单相接地，并断开另一故障相（两相短路）或同时断开第三相（三相短路），然后将供电系统的一带电相或将系统中性点接地，以与接地的故障相形成闭合回路并产生一个可控大小的电流，通过故障相上的受控开关检测电流时长并在受控开关达到触发条件后切断，因为电源下游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长短于电源上游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长，而故障相上位于相间短路故障点以下的受控开关不会进入闭合回路内，没有电流流过，所以肯定是相间短路故障点以上的第一把受控开关先切断，从而将相间短路故障排除。针对上述情况，如果相间短路附带单相接地，则可以直接利用该接地点，也可以利用人为制造的接地点。如果是单纯相间短路，则必须人为制造接地点，即需要通过第三开关在另一故障相上制造一个接地点，该接地点优选在第一把断路器下口处，也可以在该另一故障相的其他位置，尤其是位于相间短路点以下时，则此另一故障相上的受控开关应相应设置为不检测该相电流，即可以预设规则设定不检测相别，例如AB相间不检测B相，AC相间不检测C相，BC相间不检测C相，ABC相间不检测C相等，以免早于期望切断的受控开关而提前切断。本方法将相间故障转化为单相接地故障来处理，利用受控开关可以自动跳闸从而快速、准确、自动地排除故障，之后即可停止另一故障相接地，再停止带电相接地，最后将第一把断路器闭合恢复供电。
 附图说明
图1是本发明方法一实施例接线示意图；图2是本发明方法另一实施例接线示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图，通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明：三相供电系统是常见的非有效接地系统，一般三相供电系统的母线上有多条出线，各条出线上均设置多把受控开关，受控开关能够根据设置检测线路上一相、两相或三相上的电流时长，并可以设置当通过任一相的电流时长达到预设值时即切断三相线路。在一个关于受控开关的具体实施例中，受控开关包括控制单元，电流检测单元和执行单元，电流检测单元可以分别检测三相线路的各相电流，控制单元将电流检测单元检测到的电流时长与预设值进行比较，可以设置任一相的电流时长达到预设值时就发出信号使执行单元切断三相线路。针对触发切断的电流时长的预设值，处于电源方向下游的受控开关的电流时长的预设值短于电源方向上游的预设值，电源方向上游即相对更靠近电源，电源方向下游即相对更远离电源，也即电能从电源发出并由上游向下游传输。或者说，按电源方向的上下游看，距离电源越远的受控开关触发切断的预设值越短，越容易先达到触发条件从而切断。实际中，各条出线上设置的断路器，可以检测流过断路器的电流时长，并可设置某一相或几相通过一定的电流时长后即切断线路，因此断路器可以看做受控开关。
如图1所示，在一个具体实施例中，ABC三相的各条出线上均在靠近母线处设有第一把断路器90，在第一把断路器90处装有第一开关1，第一开关1包括安在ABC三相上的三个开关KA1、KB1和KC1，第一开关为受控开关，即开关KA1、KB1和KC1均可以根据预设的电流时长进行切断，第一开关1能够将某一相在第一把断路器90处短接（如第一把断路器90切断线路后，第一开关1中的开关KA1闭合，即可将A相短接从而使A相绕过第一把断路器90重新导通），这样使得即使第一把断路器切断，被短接相仍然导通带电（当然也可以使第一把断路器自始保持一相不切断，这样就无需利用第一开关进行短接而自始带电）。第一把断路器90以下设有多把断路器（第一把断路器以下的这些断路器可视为受控开关），各断路器均可以根据某一相的电流时长切断三相线路。在每条出线的第一断路器90的下口安有第三开关3，第三开关3中的三个开关KA3、KB3和KC3可以分别将ABC三相与大地导通，因此可以将任一相接地。同时，在母线上还装有第二开关2（即第二开关2位于第一把断路器90的上口，或第二开关2安装在系统中性点上，此时只需要一相开关即可），第二开关2中的三个开关KA2、KB2和KC2均可以分别使母线的三相接地、断开。在一个优选例中，第二开关2处串有阻值可调电阻，用于限流，避免相间短路电流过大而损害系统。如果在点F处发生单纯相间短路（如BC两相短路，也可以是三相短路），则首先跳开第一把断路器90以切断三相线路，然后通过第一开关1的一个开关闭合使一故障相（如B相，则闭合开关KB1）导通带电，然后在第一把断路器90的下口利用第三开关3的一个开关将另一故障相（即C相，此时闭合开关KC3）与大地在点D导通。这样，该线路的B相经短路点F至C相再至接地点D，形成了单相接地。然后通过第二开关中一个开关KA2将A相（此时A相为带电相）在第一把断路器上口与大地接通，这样就会产生电流（或者利用开关KC2将C相接地，也可以形成闭合回路并产生电流），该电流经第二开关的接地点E、第三开关的接地点D和相间短路点F流过故障相B相，当电流时长达到相间短路点F以上最近的受控开关91的触发条件时，该受控开关91切断线路，从而将相间短路点F排除出系统（因为及时切断，所以切断时电流时长尚未达到更上游的受控开关92的触发条件，所以受控开关92不会切断；并且B相上相间短路点以下的受控开关93因为没有电流流过，所以不会有动作）。然后断开第一开关1上开关KB1，再停止第三开关3中的KC3接地，再停止第二开关中的KA2接地，最后闭合第一把断路器90恢复线路供电。
在一个实施例中，第一把断路器可以三相分别控制并具有受控开关的功能，此时可以直接利用第一断路器保持一故障导通而跳开其余故障相。同时，第一断路器触发切断的电流时长可以设置成最长（即长于第二把断路器），如果第一把断路器以下的断路器（作为受控开关使用）没有跳开，那说明相间短路发生在第一把断路器和第二把断路器之间，根据设定的触发条件，第一把断路器必然会跳开，从而隔离故障。
如图2所示，在另一个具体实施例中，如果在点F出发生相间短路并附带在短路点接地，仍然可以利用上述方法中的第三开关制造人为接地点，然后通过第二开关产生电流，即上述方法仍然适用。对此种附带接地故障的情况，还有另一种方法：首先跳开第一把断路器90以切断三相线路，然后闭合第一开关的开关KB1，直接利用短路点处的接地点即制造出单相接地，然后通过第二开关将A相（也可以是C相）在第一把断路器上口与大地接通，这样就会产生电流，该电流经第二开关的接地点E和相间短路点处的接地点F流过故障相B相，当电流时长达到相间短路点以上最近的受控开关91的触发条件时，该受控开关91切断线路，从而将相间短路点F排除出系统。然后断开第一开关的开关KB1，停止第二开关2将带电相接地，闭合第一把断路器90恢复线路供电。
上述实施例中，受控开关的跳开应该及时，并且不同受控开关的电流时长设置要有足够的差值，以避免在某一受控开关跳开过程中上一个受控开关检测到的电流时长也达到触发条件从而使其跳闸，避免不合理的大面积停电。在受控开关跳闸后，第二开关即可停止接地。
对于在相间短路点处同时导致三相短路或并附带接地，上述处理方法也同样能排除故障。
在一个具体实施例中，采用电力电子开关，如绝缘栅双极型晶体管，来实现短时间的接地。
上述实施例只是对本发明构思和实现的若干说明，并非对其进行限制，在本发明构思下，未经实质变换的技术方案仍然在保护范围内。
 工业实用性
通过在三相供电系统中进行实验，上述方法完全可行。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，在三相非有效接地供电系统上分布有多把受控开关，所述受控开关能够根据电流时长切断线路；
    当一线路发生单纯两相或三相相间短路时，按如下方法（a）处理：
    （a）维持该线路的一故障相导通并跳开其余故障相，将与所述一故障相导通的另一故障相人为接地；然后将除所述一故障相外的所述三相非有效接地供电系统的一带电相或中性点与大地接通，以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，设定电源下游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长短于电源上游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长，当某一受控开关在达到触发条件切断线路后，停止所述另一故障相接地，停止所述一带电相或所述中性点与大地接通；
    当一线路发生两相或三相相间短路附带接地故障时，按所述方法（a）处理，或者按如下方法（b）处理：
    （b）维持该线路的一故障相导通并跳开其余故障相；然后将除所述一故障相外的所述三相非有效接地供电系统的一带电相或中性点与大地接通，以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，设定电源下游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长短于电源上游的受控开关触发切断的电流时长，当某一受控开关在达到触发条件并切断线路后，停止所述一带电相或所述中性点接地。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法（a）和方法（b）中，维持所述一故障相导通包括先跳开所述一故障相后再导通所述一故障相，以及不跳开所述一故障相。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法（a）中，首先将所述一线路的第一把断路器跳开，然后通过第一开关把所述一故障相在第一把断路器处短接从而导通所述一故障相，所述第一开关为所述受控开关，通过第三开关在第一把断路器下口将所述另一故障相人为接地，通过第二开关将所述一带电相在所述第一把断路器上口与大地接通或在中性点与大地接通以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，在某一所述受控开关达到触发条件切断线路后，断开所述第一开关、第三开关并停止所述第二开关接地，然后闭合所述第一把断路器。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法（b）中，首先将所述一线路的第一把断路器跳开，然后通过第一开关把所述一故障相在第一把断路器处短接从而导通所述一故障相，第一开关为所述受控开关，通过第二开关将所述一带电相在所述第一把断路器上口与大地接通或在中性点与大地接通以与所述一故障相形成闭合回路并产生电流，在某一所述受控开关达到触发条件切断线路后，断开所述第一开关并停止所述第二开关接地，然后闭合所述第一把断路器。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述第二开关为电力电子开关。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述电力电子开关为绝缘栅双极型晶体管。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述受控开关在达到触发条件后能够及时切断以避免上一个受控开关检测到的电流时间达到所述上一个受控开关的触发条件。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法（a）和方法（b）中，在所述闭合回路中串联有限流电阻。
  9. 如权利要求3或4所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，在所述第二开关与大地之间串有限流电阻。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的相间短路的处理方法，其特征在于，所述限流电阻为可调电阻。
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