WO2022123703A1 - 光空間通信送受信ターミナルおよび光空間通信システム - Google Patents
光空間通信送受信ターミナルおよび光空間通信システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022123703A1 WO2022123703A1 PCT/JP2020/045909 JP2020045909W WO2022123703A1 WO 2022123703 A1 WO2022123703 A1 WO 2022123703A1 JP 2020045909 W JP2020045909 W JP 2020045909W WO 2022123703 A1 WO2022123703 A1 WO 2022123703A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/112—Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
- H04B10/1123—Bidirectional transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/118—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum specially adapted for satellite communication
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an optical space communication transmission / reception terminal and an optical space communication system.
- Optical space communication has the characteristics that the size of the transmitter / receiver can be expected to be reduced and the power consumption can be expected to be reduced. Therefore, application to feeder links in next-generation satellite communication networks is being studied (for example, non-patent documents). See 1).
- An optical fiber amplifier is used as a transmitter / receiver in optical space communication to improve reception sensitivity.
- An optical fiber amplifier is an amplifier that amplifies an optical signal coupled to an optical fiber. The optical signal amplified by the optical fiber amplifier is output to the optical transmitter / receiver.
- the optical transmitter / receiver extracts a clock signal corresponding to the symbol rate from the optical signal amplified by the optical fiber amplifier, and demodulates the received optical signal by sampling the received optical signal in synchronization with the extracted clock signal. ..
- the optical signal propagating in the atmosphere is affected by the fluctuation of the atmosphere and the wavefront is distorted, so that a loss occurs when the optical signal is coupled to the optical fiber.
- the SNR Signal Noise Ratio
- the optical transmitter / receiver cannot extract the clock signal from the received optical signal, and communication becomes impossible.
- the conventional optical space communication system has a problem that communication cannot be restored until the clock signal is extracted from the received optical signal amplified by the optical fiber amplifier after the SNR of the received optical signal is restored.
- the communication capacity of optical space communication decreases as it takes time to restore communication.
- the present disclosure solves the above-mentioned problems, and when communication becomes impossible due to a decrease in the SNR of the received optical signal due to a loss caused when the optical signal is coupled to the optical fiber, the SNR of the received optical signal becomes
- the purpose is to obtain an optical space communication transmission / reception terminal and an optical space communication system that can extract clock signals without waiting for recovery.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal is an optical space communication transmission / reception terminal that performs bidirectional communication with a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals having the same configuration, and synchronizes transmission data with a transmission clock signal.
- An optical transmitter / receiver that generates received data by converting it into a transmitted light signal modulated at a symbol rate and outputting it, and demodulating and decoding the signal obtained by sampling the received light signal at a cycle synchronized with the received clock signal, and optical.
- the intensity modulator, the optical transmitter / receiver, and the intensity modulator which generate an intensity-modulated transmitted light signal by superimposing the transmission clock signal on the transmitted optical signal output from the transmitter / receiver and output the generated transmitted optical signal.
- a transmission clock source that supplies a common transmission clock signal, a fiber coupling portion that outputs an intensity-modulated transmission optical signal as collimated light and couples the input optical signal to the optical fiber, and a fiber coupling portion that couples to the optical fiber.
- An optical fiber amplifier that amplifies the amplified optical signal and outputs the amplified optical signal to the optical transmitter / receiver as a received optical signal, and outputs the optical signal propagating in space to the fiber coupling portion side, and collimates by the fiber coupling portion.
- a tracking mirror that outputs an optical signal that is regarded as light and inputs a propagation angle error, and outputs an optical signal whose propagation angle is corrected based on the input propagation angle error, and a tracking mirror and a fiber coupling portion.
- a beam splitter that distributes a part of the optical signal propagating between them, and a clock signal that outputs the propagation angle error detected from the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter to the tracking mirror and extracts it from the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter. Is provided with an angle sensor that outputs the signal to the optical transmitter / receiver as a received clock signal.
- the angle sensor extracts a clock signal from an optical signal before it is coupled to an optical fiber.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal according to the present disclosure can be used for receiving optical signals when communication becomes impossible due to a decrease in SNR of the received optical signal due to a loss caused when the optical signal is coupled to an optical fiber.
- the clock signal can be extracted without waiting for the recovery of SNR.
- the time required to restore the communication can be shortened as compared with the case where the clock signal is extracted after waiting for the recovery of the SNR of the received optical signal.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical space communication system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of an intensity modulation part.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the example (1) of an angle sensor.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the example (2) of an angle sensor.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the hardware configuration which realizes the function of the ARQ control unit. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware configuration which executes the software which realizes the function of the ARP control part. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the optical transmitter / receiver provided in the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation of the transmission part and the receiving part of the optical transmitter / receiver in Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware composition which realizes the function of the transmission part and the receiving part of the optical transmitter / receiver in Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware composition which executes the software which realizes the function of the transmission part and the receiving part of the optical transmitter / receiver in Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical space communication system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the optical space communication system 1 is a system that communicates using light propagating in space, and includes a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A performs bidirectional communication with a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A having the same configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A includes an optical transceiver 2, a transmission clock source 3, an intensity modulation unit 4, a fiber coupling unit 5, a tracking mirror 6, a beam splitter 7, an angle sensor 8, and an optical fiber amplifier 9.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2, the intensity modulation unit 4, the fiber coupling unit 5, and the optical fiber amplifier 9 are connected to each other by an optical fiber. Further, the optical transmitter / receiver 2, the transmission clock source 3, the tracking mirror 6, and the angle sensor 8 are connected to each other by a signal line.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 converts the transmission data (1) into a transmission optical signal (3) modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) and outputs the signal. Further, the optical transmitter / receiver 2 generates the received data (2) by sampling the received optical signal (4) at a cycle synchronized with the received clock signal (8) and demodulating and decoding the sampled signal.
- the transmission clock source 3 supplies a common transmission clock signal (5) to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 and the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 multiplies the frequency of the transmission clock signal (5) by, for example, 20 to achieve a symbol rate of 2 GHz. Generates the transmitted optical signal (3) modulated by.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 superimposes the transmission clock signal (5) on the transmission light signal (3) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 to generate an intensity-modulated transmission light signal (3), and the intensity-modulated transmission.
- the optical signal (6) is output to the fiber coupling unit 5.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 is an intensity modulator that superimposes the transmission clock signal (5) on the transmission optical signal (3) as a modulation signal.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 prevents the modulation amplitude from being small and the intensity of the transmitted light signal (3) not to fluctuate significantly. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the intensity of the intensity-modulated transmitted optical signal (3) on the modulation / demodulation processing of the optical signal performed by the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 has, for example, the configuration shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 includes an electric light converter 41 and an optical combiner 42.
- the electro-optical converter 41 is the "E / O" in FIG.
- the electric optical converter 41 converts the transmission clock signal (5) supplied from the transmission clock source 3 from an electric signal to an optical signal.
- the optical combiner 42 combines the transmitted optical signal (3) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 with the transmitted clock signal converted into an optical signal by the electric optical converter 41.
- the transmission optical signal (3) is intensity-modulated by superimposing the transmission clock signal (5).
- the transmission clock signal (5) converted into an optical signal is an optical signal having a wavelength different from that of the transmission optical signal (3). That is, the transmitted light signal (6) intensity-modulated by the optical combiner 42 is a signal in which signals having different wavelengths are wavelength-multiplexed.
- the transmitted optical signal (6) is output from the optical combiner 42 to the fiber coupling unit 5.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 outputs the transmitted light signal (6) intensity-modulated by the intensity modulation unit 4 as collimated light (parallel light), and couples the optical signal input from the tracking mirror 6 side to the optical fiber.
- the fiber coupling portion 5 includes a condenser lens that collects an optical signal from the tracking mirror 6, and an optical system holder that holds the condenser lens and the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber held by the optical system holder is connected to the input side of the optical fiber amplifier 9.
- the optical signal from the tracking mirror 6 is collected by the condenser lens and incident on the optical fiber.
- the tracking mirror 6 When an optical signal transmitted from a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A having the same configuration and propagating in space is incident, the tracking mirror 6 outputs the incident optical signal to the fiber coupling portion 5.
- the tracking mirror 6 includes at least a mirror portion that reflects incident light toward the fiber coupling portion 5, and a mirror driving portion that changes the angle of the mirror portion.
- the tracking mirror 6 When the tracking mirror 6 inputs the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal from the angle sensor 8, it outputs an optical signal whose propagation angle is corrected based on the input propagation angle error (7).
- the propagation angle error (7) is the difference in the propagation angle from the light beam that coincides with the optical axis.
- the mirror drive unit changes the angle of the mirror unit so that the propagation angle error (7) is eliminated, so that the propagation angle of the optical signal incident on the tracking mirror 6 is corrected.
- the optical signal with the corrected propagation angle is output to the fiber coupling portion 5 side via the beam splitter 7.
- the tracking mirror 6 When the transmission light signal converted into collimated light by the fiber coupling portion 5 is incident via the beam splitter 7, the tracking mirror 6 outputs the incident collimated light to the space. As a result, the transmitted optical signal is transmitted to the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A. Further, the tracking mirror 6 corrects the propagation angle of the transmitted light signal (6) as collimated light by the fiber coupling portion 5 based on the propagation angle error (7) detected by the angle sensor 8, and adjusts the propagation angle. The corrected optical signal is output to the space. As a result, the propagation direction of the optical signal transmitted to the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A is compensated.
- the beam splitter 7 distributes a part of the optical signal propagating between the fiber coupling portion 5 and the tracking mirror 6 to the angle sensor 8. For example, the beam splitter 7 distributes a part of the transmitted optical signal output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 to the angle sensor 8, and is one of the transmitted optical signals output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5. The unit is distributed to the angle sensor 8.
- the angle sensor 8 detects the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7, and outputs the detected propagation angle error (7) to the tracking mirror 6. Further, the angle sensor 8 extracts a clock signal from the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7, and outputs the extracted clock signal to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a received clock signal (8).
- the received clock signal (8) is a sine wave signal having a clock frequency, or a signal composed of repetitions of a 0 (low) value and a 1 (high) value, and only that frequency is used as a clock.
- the angle sensor 8 has, for example, the configuration shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the example (1) of the angle sensor 8.
- the angle sensor 8 includes a lens 81, a 4-divided light receiving element 82 (hereinafter referred to as a 4-divided PD 82), and a bandpass filter 83 (hereinafter referred to as a BPF 83).
- the lens 81 focuses the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 on the center of the light receiving surface of the 4-split PD 82.
- the 4-split PD82 is a split-type light-receiving element having a light-receiving surface divided into four light-receiving regions.
- the BPF 83 is a bandpass filter whose passband is the frequency band of the transmission clock signal (5) in the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A.
- the center of the light receiving surface of the 4-divided PD82 is a position adjacent to all four light receiving regions.
- the 4-divided PD 82 includes, for example, a calculation unit that calculates a propagation angle error (7) of an optical signal focused on a light receiving surface based on the intensity of light received in the four light receiving regions.
- the calculation unit of the 4-divided PD82 is from the center of the light receiving surface based on the difference in the intensity of the light received in each of the four light receiving regions and the total intensity of the light received in the four light receiving regions. Calculate the deviation of the light collection position.
- the calculation unit detects the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal focused on the light receiving surface based on the deviation of the light collecting position from the center of the light receiving surface.
- the optical signal transmitted from the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmitting side to the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the reception side is an optical signal whose intensity fluctuates in synchronization with the transmission clock signal (5). Is. That is, the variation in the total intensity of the light received in the four light receiving regions on the light receiving surface of the quadrant PD82 corresponds to the variation in the intensity of the optical signal transmitted from the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmitting side.
- the BPF 83 can extract a clock signal by passing the frequency band of the transmission clock signal (5) in the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmission side from the frequency band of the intensity fluctuation output from the 4-division PD 82. can.
- the clock signal extracted by the BPF 83 is output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a received clock signal (8).
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the example (2) of the angle sensor 8.
- the angle sensor 8 is described as a beam splitter 84, a lens 85, a 4-split light receiving element 86 (hereinafter referred to as a 4-split PD86), an optical electric converter 87, and a bandpass filter 88 (hereinafter referred to as a BPF 88). .) Is provided.
- the photoelectric converter 87 is the “O / E” in FIG.
- the beam splitter 84 distributes the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 to the 4-split PD86 and the optical electric converter 87.
- the lens 85 focuses the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 on the center of the light receiving surface of the quadruple PD86.
- the 4-divided PD86 is a light-receiving element having a light-receiving surface divided into four light-receiving regions, similarly to the 4-divided PD82.
- the center of the light receiving surface is a position adjacent to all four light receiving regions.
- the 4-divided PD86 includes a calculation unit that calculates the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal focused on the light receiving surface based on the intensity of the light received in the four light receiving regions.
- the calculation unit of the 4-divided PD86 is based on the difference in the intensity of the light received in each of the four light receiving regions and the total intensity of the light received in the four light receiving regions from the center of the light receiving surface. Calculate the deviation of the light collection position. Further, the calculation unit detects the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal focused on the light receiving surface based on the deviation of the light collecting position from the center of the light receiving surface.
- the optical electric converter 87 converts the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 into an electric signal.
- the BPF 88 is a bandpass filter whose passband is the frequency band of the transmission clock signal (5) in the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A.
- a single mode fiber is used for the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A.
- Single-mode fiber is an optical fiber that is generally less affected by mode dispersion, and has a limited core diameter.
- the 4-divided PD82, 4-divided PD86 and the optical electric converter 87 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 have no limitation on the light receiving surface and have a light receiving region larger than the core diameter of the optical fiber. As a result, even if the wave surface of the input light is distorted, the angle sensor 8 can suppress a decrease in the intensity of the detected optical signal as compared with the intensity of the optical signal when it is coupled to the optical fiber.
- the angle sensor 8 can detect the intensity fluctuation from the optical signal before being coupled to the optical fiber, the received light is distorted even when the wave surface of the light is distorted due to the influence of the fluctuation of the atmosphere.
- the clock signal can be stably extracted from the signal and can be continuously supplied to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the clock signal extracted from the received optical signal by the angle sensor 8 is a clock signal synchronized with the symbol rate of the transmitted optical signal from the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A having the same configuration. Therefore, the optical transmitter / receiver 2 can perform sampling synchronized with the received optical signal by sampling the received optical signal in synchronization with the clock signal extracted by the angle sensor 8.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 uses the clock extracted by the angle sensor 8. The signal can be used to immediately demodulate and decode the signal. As a result, it is possible to shorten the time until communication is restored and prevent a decrease in communication capacity.
- the optical signal transmitted from the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmitting side to the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the reception side is an intensity-modulated optical signal whose intensity fluctuates in synchronization with the transmission clock signal (5).
- the variation in the intensity of the electric signal converted from the optical signal by the optical electric converter 87 corresponds to the variation in the intensity of the transmitted optical signal transmitted from the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmitting side.
- the BPF 88 passes the clock signal through the frequency band of the transmission clock signal (5) in the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A on the transmission side in the frequency band of the intensity fluctuation of the electric signal output from the optical electric converter 87. Can be extracted.
- the clock signal extracted by the BPF 88 is output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a received clock signal (8).
- the optical fiber amplifier 9 is connected to the optical fiber held in the fiber coupling portion 5.
- the optical fiber amplifier 9 is an optical element that amplifies the intensity of the optical signal coupled to the optical fiber by the fiber coupling portion 5 to improve the light receiving sensitivity.
- the intensity of the beam of the received light incident on the optical fiber is amplified according to the excitation light, and the received light signal (4) with the amplified intensity is emitted to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the specific operation of the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A is as follows.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 modulates the transmission data (1) input from the outside at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) supplied from the transmission clock source 3, and intensifies the modulated transmission optical signal (3). It is output to the modulation unit 4.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 superimposes the transmission clock signal (5) supplied from the transmission clock source 3 on the transmission light signal (3) to generate an intensity-modulated transmission light signal (3), and intensity-modulates the transmission light signal (3).
- the transmitted optical signal (6) is output to the fiber coupling unit 5. It should be noted that there is a possibility that crosstalk to the received clock signal (8) may occur due to the intensity fluctuation of the optical signal generated when the optical transmitter / receiver 2 modulates the optical signal. Therefore, by setting the frequency of the transmission clock signal (5) superimposed on the transmission optical signal (3) to, for example, one tenth or less of the symbol rate, the BPF 83 or 88 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used. , Crosstalk to the received clock signal (8) can be suppressed.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 uses the transmitted light signal (6) intensity-modulated by the intensity modulation unit 4 as collimated light, and outputs the collimated light of the transmitted light signal (6) to the beam splitter 7.
- the beam splitter 7 outputs the collimated light of the transmitted light signal (6) output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6, and distributes a part of the transmitted light signal (6) to the angle sensor 8.
- the angle sensor 8 detects the propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7, and outputs the detected propagation angle error (7) to the tracking mirror 6.
- the tracking mirror 6 corrects the propagation angle of the transmitted light signal (6) as collimated light by the fiber coupling portion 5 based on the propagation angle error (7) detected by the angle sensor 8.
- An optical signal with a corrected propagation angle is output to space. As a result, the propagation direction of the optical signal transmitted to the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A is compensated.
- the tracking mirror 6 When the optical signal transmitted from the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A and propagating in space is incident on the tracking mirror 6, the tracking mirror 6 transmits the incident optical signal to the fiber coupling portion 5 via the beam splitter 7. Output to the side of.
- the beam splitter 7 outputs the optical signal output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling unit 5, and distributes a part of the optical signal to the angle sensor 8.
- the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 are arranged on the same optical axis.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 includes a wavelength filter that separates the input light for each wavelength.
- the fiber coupling portion 5 separates the light in the above two directions using a wavelength filter and couples the light to the optical fiber. As a result, even when optical signals having different wavelengths are transmitted between the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A, the transmission / reception light can be separated by the fiber coupling portion 5.
- the fiber coupling portion 5 may be provided with an optical circulator that separates light in two directions.
- the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 are made parallel.
- the angle sensor 8 detects the propagation angle error (7) of the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 among the light in two directions.
- the tracking mirror 6 uses the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the tracking mirror 6 using the propagation angle error (7) detected from the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5. Both propagation angles with the light output to the fiber coupling portion 5 may be corrected.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 couples the optical signal output from the tracking mirror 6 to the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber amplifier 9 amplifies the intensity of the received optical signal (4) coupled to the optical fiber by the fiber coupling portion 5, and transmits the amplified received optical signal (4) to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 through the optical fiber.
- the angle sensor 8 extracts a reception clock signal (8) from a part of the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7, and outputs the extracted reception clock signal (8) to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 samples the received optical signal (4) propagating through the optical fiber at a cycle synchronized with the received clock signal (8), and demodulates and decodes the sampled signal to obtain the received data (2). Generate and output to the outside.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 uses the received light signal (4).
- Transmission optical signal (6) transmitted from the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A is coherently detected.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 can demodulate and decode a transmission optical signal having a wavelength different from that of the transmission clock signal from the received optical signal (4) (intensity-modulated transmission optical signal (6)).
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a configuration in which the 4-divided PD82 or 4-divided PD86 detects the propagation angle error of the optical signal
- the light receiving element included in the angle sensor 8 has a light receiving surface divided into a plurality of parts.
- the light receiving element is not limited to four divisions.
- any light receiving element that can detect the deviation between the center position of the light receiving surface and the light collecting position of the optical signal may be used, and the light receiving surface is divided into two or the light receiving surface is divided into five or more. It may be a thing.
- the angle sensor 8 extracts the clock signal from the optical signal before being coupled to the optical fiber.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A recovers the SNR of the received optical signal when communication becomes impossible due to a decrease in the SNR of the received optical signal due to the loss caused when the optical signal is coupled to the optical fiber.
- the clock signal can be extracted without waiting for.
- the time required to restore the communication can be shortened as compared with the case where the clock signal is extracted after waiting for the recovery of the SNR of the received optical signal.
- the angle sensor 8 is the center of the light receiving surface of the four-divided PD 82 or 86 and the four-divided PD 82 or 86 that receive an optical signal on the light receiving surface divided into four. It includes a lens 81 or 85 that collects an optical signal at a position, and a BPF 83 or 88 that has a frequency band of a transmission clock signal (5) from a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A having the same configuration as a passing band.
- the angle sensor 8 detects the propagation angle error of the optical signal based on the deviation between the condensing position of the optical signal and the center position of the 4-divided PD 82 or 86.
- the clock signal extracted by the BPF 83 or 88 is output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a reception clock signal.
- the angle sensor 8 can detect the intensity fluctuation from the optical signal before being coupled to the optical fiber. As a result, the angle sensor 8 can stably extract the clock signal from the received optical signal even if the optical signal is affected by the fluctuation of the atmosphere, and can continue to supply the optical signal to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the optical space communication system 1 is provided with a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A having the same configuration, and two-way communication is performed between the pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1A having the same configuration.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B according to the second embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B performs bidirectional communication with a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1B having the same configuration.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B includes an optical transmitter / receiver 2, a transmission clock source 3, an intensity modulation unit 4, a fiber coupling unit 5, a tracking mirror 6, a beam splitter 7, an angle sensor 8A, and an optical fiber amplifier. 9. It is provided with an ARQ (Automatic Repeat request) control unit 10, a low-speed receiver 11, and a low-speed transmitter 12.
- ARQ Automatic Repeat request
- the optical transceiver 2 In the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B, the optical transceiver 2, the intensity modulation unit 4, the fiber coupling unit 5, and the optical fiber amplifier 9 are connected to each other by an optical fiber. Further, the optical transmitter / receiver 2, the transmission clock source 3, the tracking mirror 6, the angle sensor 8A, the ARQ control unit 10, the low-speed receiver 11, and the low-speed transmitter 12 are connected to each other by a signal line.
- the angle sensor 8A inputs an optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 and generates an intensity modulation signal (8a) of the input optical signal.
- the intensity modulation signal (8a) is an electric signal indicating an intensity variation of an optical signal.
- the intensity modulation signal (8a) is a digital signal composed of a sequence of 0 (low) values and 1 (high) values, and is a signal including a frame retransmission request and the like.
- the intensity-modulated signal (8a) contains a sine-wave component such as the received clock signal (8), and the low-speed receiver 11 can extract the sine-wave component from the intensity-modulated signal (8a).
- the angle sensor 8A like the angle sensor 8, has, for example, the components shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the 4-split PD 82 or 86 detects the propagation angle error of the incident light and detects the intensity variation of the incident light. Further, the BPF 83 or 88 is a bandpass filter whose passband is the frequency band of the signal output from the low-speed transmitter 12 included in the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B.
- the signal that has passed through the BPF83 or 88 is output as the intensity modulation signal (8a).
- the intensity modulation signal (8a) output from the angle sensor 8A is output to the low speed receiver 11.
- the low-speed receiver 11 reproduces a clock signal synchronized with the symbol rate by demodulating and decoding the intensity-modulated signal (8a).
- the clock signal reproduced by the low-speed receiver 11 is output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the ARQ control unit 10 outputs the transmission frame (1a) input from the outside to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as transmission data (1). Further, the ARQ control unit 10 outputs the transmission frame corresponding to the sequence number indicated by the retransmission request signal (9) output from the low-speed receiver 11 to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as transmission data. Further, the ARP control unit 10 stores the received data (2) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a receiving frame (2a), and if the sequence number of the receiving frame (2a) is missing, the missing sequence. The retransmission request signal (10) of the reception frame (2a) corresponding to the number is output to the low-speed transmitter 12.
- the low-speed receiver 11 reproduces a clock signal synchronized with the symbol rate by demodulating and decoding the intensity modulation signal (8a) output from the angle sensor 8A, and uses the reproduced clock signal as the received clock signal (8). Output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2. Further, the low-speed receiver 11 demodulates and decodes the intensity modulation signal (8a), and when the retransmission request signal (9) is reproduced, outputs the reproduced retransmission request signal (9) to the ARQ control unit 10. ..
- the retransmission request signal (9) is a signal indicating a retransmission request for a communication frame that has been missed, and includes a sequence number corresponding to the corresponding frame. The sequence number is stored in the header of the communication frame or the like.
- the low-speed transmitter 12 converts the retransmission request signal (10) output from the ARQ control unit 10 into a signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5), and the converted signal is the intensity modulation unit 4. Output to.
- the symbol rate shall be the same as or similar to the frequency of the transmission clock signal (5).
- the low-speed transmitter 12 transmits a random signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) to the intensity modulation unit 4 even when there is no retransmission request signal (10) from the ARQ control unit 10. Output continuously to.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 prevents the modulation amplitude from being small and the intensity of the transmitted optical signal (3) not to fluctuate significantly.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the ARQ control unit 10.
- the ARQ control unit 10 includes a transmission buffer 101, a transmission data output unit 102, a reception buffer 103, a reception frame output unit 104, a sequence omission determination unit 105, and a retransmission request output unit 106.
- the transmission buffer 101 is an internal buffer that stores transmission frames (1a) input from the outside in the order of sequence numbers.
- the transmission data output unit 102 outputs the transmission frame (1a) read from the transmission buffer 101 in the order of the sequence number to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as transmission data (1).
- the reception buffer 103 is an internal buffer that stores the reception data (2) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a reception frame (2a) in the order of sequence numbers.
- the reception frame output unit 104 outputs the reception frame (2a) stored in the reception buffer 103 to the outside in the order of the sequence number.
- the sequence omission determination unit 105 is a determination unit that determines whether or not an omission has occurred in the sequence number of the reception frame (2a) stored in the reception buffer 103. When the sequence omission determination unit 105 determines that the sequence number is missing, the retransmission request output unit 106 transmits the retransmission request signal (10) of the reception frame (2a) corresponding to the missing sequence number at low speed. Output to the device 12.
- the specific operation of the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B is as follows.
- the ARQ control unit 10 outputs the externally input transmission frame (1a) to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as transmission data (1).
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 modulates the transmission data (1) input from the ARQ control unit 10 at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) supplied from the transmission clock source 3, and modulates the transmission optical signal (3). ) Is output to the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the low-speed transmitter 12 outputs a signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) to the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the low-speed transmitter 12 intensifies the retransmission request signal (10) and the signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5). Output to the modulation unit 4.
- the intensity modulation unit 4 generates an intensity-modulated transmission light signal (6) by superimposing a signal output from the low-speed transmitter 12 on the transmission light signal (3), and the intensity-modulated transmission light signal (intensity-modulated transmission light signal (6). 6) is output to the fiber coupling portion 5.
- the intensity modulation signal (8a) may occur due to the intensity fluctuation of the optical signal generated when the optical transmitter / receiver 2 modulates the optical signal. Therefore, by setting the frequency of the intensity modulation signal (8a) superimposed on the transmitted optical signal (3) to, for example, one tenth or less of the symbol rate, the BPF 83 or 88 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is set. However, it is possible to suppress crosstalk to the intensity-modulated signal (8a).
- the fiber coupling unit 5 uses the transmitted light signal (6) intensity-modulated by the intensity modulation unit 4 as collimated light, and outputs the collimated light of the transmitted light signal (6) to the beam splitter 7.
- the beam splitter 7 outputs the collimated light of the transmitted light signal (6) output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6, and distributes a part of the transmitted light signal (6) to the angle sensor 8A.
- the angle sensor 8A detects a propagation angle error (7) of the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7, and outputs the detected propagation angle error (7) to the tracking mirror 6.
- the tracking mirror 6 corrects the propagation angle of the transmitted light signal (6) as collimated light by the fiber coupling portion 5 based on the propagation angle error (7) detected by the angle sensor 8A. An optical signal with a corrected propagation angle is output to space. As a result, the propagation direction of the optical signal transmitted to the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B is compensated.
- the tracking mirror 6 When the optical signal transmitted from the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B and propagating in space is incident on the tracking mirror 6, the tracking mirror 6 transmits the incident optical signal to the fiber coupling portion 5 via the beam splitter 7. Output to the side of.
- the beam splitter 7 outputs the optical signal output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5, and distributes a part of the optical signal to the angle sensor 8A.
- the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 are arranged on the same optical axis.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 includes a wavelength filter that separates the input light for each wavelength.
- the fiber coupling portion 5 separates the light in the above two directions using a wavelength filter and couples the light to the optical fiber. As a result, even when optical signals having different wavelengths are transmitted between the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1B, the transmission / reception light can be separated by the fiber coupling portion 5.
- the fiber coupling portion 5 may be provided with an optical circulator that separates light in two directions.
- the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 are made parallel.
- the angle sensor 8A detects the propagation angle error (7) of the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5 among the light in two directions.
- the tracking mirror 6 uses the light output from the fiber coupling portion 5 to the tracking mirror 6 and the tracking mirror 6 using the propagation angle error (7) detected from the light output from the tracking mirror 6 to the fiber coupling portion 5. Both propagation angles with the light output to the fiber coupling portion 5 may be corrected.
- the fiber coupling unit 5 couples the optical signal output from the tracking mirror 6 to the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber amplifier 9 amplifies the intensity of the received optical signal (4) coupled to the optical fiber by the fiber coupling portion 5, and transmits the amplified received optical signal (4) to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 through the optical fiber.
- the angle sensor 8A generates an intensity modulation signal (8a) from a part of the optical signal distributed by the beam splitter 7 and outputs the intensity modulation signal (8a) to the low speed receiver 11.
- the low-speed receiver 11 reproduces the received clock signal (8) synchronized with the symbol rate by demodulating and decoding the intensity modulation signal (8a) output from the angle sensor 8A.
- the reception clock signal (8) reproduced by the low-speed receiver 11 is output to the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 samples the received optical signal (4) propagating through the optical fiber at a period synchronized with the received clock signal (8).
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 generates received data (2) by demodulating and decoding the sampled signal, and outputs the generated received data (2) to the ARQ control unit 10.
- the ARP control unit 10 stores the received data (2) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a receiving frame (2a), and if the sequence number of the stored received frames (2a) is missing, the receiving frame (2a) is removed.
- the retransmission request signal (10) of the received frame (2a) corresponding to the sequence number is output to the low-speed transmitter 12.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 uses the received light signal (4) (paired light).
- the transmitted optical signal (6) transmitted from the spatial communication transmission / reception terminal 1B is coherently detected.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2 can demodulate and decode a transmission optical signal having a wavelength different from that of the transmission clock signal from the received optical signal (4) (intensity-modulated transmission optical signal (6)).
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the ARQ control unit 10.
- the transmission data output unit 102 confirms whether or not the retransmission request signal (9) has been received from the low-speed receiver 11 (step ST1). When the retransmission request signal (9) is not received (step ST1; NO), the process proceeds to step ST4. Further, when the transmission data output unit 102 receives the retransmission request signal of the communication frame corresponding to the specific sequence number (step ST1; YES), the transmission data output unit 102 determines whether or not the transmission frame (1a) is stored in the transmission buffer 101. Confirm (step ST2). If the transmission frame (1a) is not stored in the transmission buffer 101 (step ST2; NO), the process proceeds to step ST4.
- the transmission data output unit 102 uses the transmission frame (1a) stored in the transmission buffer 101 as the transmission data (1). Output to the transmitter / receiver 2 (step ST3).
- the transmission buffer 101 stores transmission frames (1a) input from the outside in the order of sequence numbers (step ST4). If there is an unoutput frame among the transmission frames stored in the transmission buffer 101, the transmission data output unit 102 outputs the frame to the optical transmitter / receiver 2 (step ST5).
- the reception buffer 103 stores the reception data (2) output from the optical transmitter / receiver 2 as a reception frame (2a) in the order of sequence numbers (step ST6).
- the sequence omission determination unit 105 determines whether or not there is an omission of the sequence number in the reception frame (2a) stored in the reception buffer 103 (step ST7).
- the retransmission request output unit 106 outputs the retransmission request signal (10) of the communication frame of the missing sequence number to the low-speed transmitter 12 (step). ST8).
- step ST7 If there is no omission in the sequence number (step ST7; NO), the reception frame output unit 104 reads out the unoutput reception frame among the reception frames stored in the reception buffer 103, and the read reception frame (2a). ) Is output to the outside (step ST9). After that, the process returns to the process of step ST1, and a series of processes from step ST1 are repeated.
- Missing sequence number occurs when the frame corresponding to the missing sequence number cannot be demodulated and decoded by the optical transmitter / receiver 2.
- the wave surface of light propagating in space is distorted by the influence of atmospheric fluctuations, and the intensity decreases (losses) when an optical signal whose wave surface is distorted is coupled to an optical fiber.
- the SNR of the received optical signal (4) is lower than the SNR required for demodulation, the received frame cannot be demodulated and decoded.
- the ARQ control unit 10 interpolates the omission of the sequence number of the received frame stored in the receive buffer 103, and then outputs the frames in the order of the sequence number.
- the frames stored in the transmission buffer 101 and the reception buffer 103 are discarded after a predetermined time has elapsed.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration that realizes the functions of the ARQ control unit 10.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration for executing software that realizes the functions of the ARQ control unit 10.
- the functions of the transmission buffer 101, the transmission data output unit 102, the reception buffer 103, the reception frame output unit 104, the sequence omission determination unit 105, and the retransmission request output unit 106 provided in the ARQ control unit 10 are realized by the processing circuit. That is, the ARQ control unit 10 includes a processing circuit that executes the processing from step ST1 to step ST9 shown in FIG.
- the processing circuit may be dedicated hardware or a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes a program stored in the memory.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the processing circuit 200 is, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuitd). Circuit), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination of these is applicable. Even if the functions of the transmission buffer 101, the transmission data output unit 102, the reception buffer 103, the reception frame output unit 104, the sequence omission determination unit 105, and the retransmission request output unit 106 provided in the ARQ control unit 10 are realized by separate processing circuits. Alternatively, these functions may be collectively realized by one processing circuit.
- the ARQ control unit 10 includes a transmission buffer 101, a transmission data output unit 102, a reception buffer 103, a reception frame output unit 104, a sequence omission determination unit 105, and a retransmission request output.
- the function of unit 106 is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- the software or firmware is described as a program and stored in the memory 202.
- the processor 201 By reading and executing the program stored in the memory 202, the processor 201 includes a transmission buffer 101, a transmission data output unit 102, a reception buffer 103, a reception frame output unit 104, and a sequence omission determination unit included in the RQ control unit 10.
- the functions of 105 and the retransmission request output unit 106 are realized.
- the ARQ control unit 10 includes a memory 202 for storing a program in which the processes of steps ST1 to ST9 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 8 are executed as a result when executed by the processor 201.
- the memory 202 is a computer-readable computer in which a program for making a computer function as a transmission buffer 101, a transmission data output unit 102, a reception buffer 103, a reception frame output unit 104, a sequence omission determination unit 105, and a retransmission request output unit 106 is stored. It may be a storage medium.
- the memory 202 may be, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), an EEPROM (Electrically-volatile), an EEPROM (Electricularly-volatile), or the like. This includes discs, flexible discs, optical disks, compact discs, mini discs, DVDs, and the like.
- the transmission buffer 101, the transmission data output unit 102, the reception buffer 103, the reception frame output unit 104, the sequence omission determination unit 105, and the retransmission request output unit 106 of the ARQ control unit 10 are realized by dedicated hardware. And some of the rest may be realized by software or firmware.
- the transmission buffer 101 and the reception buffer 103 are functionally realized by a processing circuit 200 which is dedicated hardware, and a transmission data output unit 102, a reception frame output unit 104, a sequence omission determination unit 105, and a retransmission request output unit 106 are realized.
- the function is realized by the processor 201 reading and executing the program stored in the memory 202.
- the processing circuit can realize the above-mentioned functions by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- the angle sensor 8A extracts the intensity modulation signal from the optical signal before being coupled to the optical fiber.
- the low-speed receiver 11 reproduces a clock signal synchronized with the symbol rate by demodulating and decoding the intensity modulation signal output from the angle sensor 8A, and uses the reproduced clock signal as the received clock signal (8) for the optical transmitter / receiver. Output to 2. Even when communication becomes impossible due to a decrease in the SNR of the received optical signal due to the loss that occurs when the optical signal is coupled to the optical fiber, the angle sensor 8A can stably extract the intensity modulated signal.
- the low-speed receiver 11 can stably demodulate and decode the retransmission request signal as compared with the optical transmitter / receiver 2, and can stably supply the received clock signal to the optical transmitter / receiver 2. can.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B can shorten the time until the communication is restored, as compared with the case where the clock signal is extracted after waiting for the recovery of the SNR of the received optical signal, and the communication capacity is reduced. Can be prevented.
- the low-speed receiver 11 can stably demodulate and decode the retransmission request signal of the communication frame and output it to the ARQ control unit 10. As a result, it is possible to respond to the retransmission request without delay and suppress the transmission delay.
- the ARQ control unit 10 includes a transmission buffer 101, a transmission data output unit 102, a reception buffer 103, a reception frame output unit 104, and a sequence omission determination unit 105. , The retransmission request output unit 106 is provided. By having these components, the ARQ control unit 10 can request the corresponding frame to be retransmitted without delay even if the sequence number of the frame stored in the receive buffer 103 is missing.
- the optical space communication system 1 is provided with a pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1B having the same configuration, and two-way communication is performed between the pair of optical space communication transmission / reception terminals 1B having the same configuration.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an optical transmitter / receiver 2A included in the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A or 1B according to the third embodiment.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2A is provided in place of the optical transmitter / receiver 2 in the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A shown in FIG. 1 or the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1B shown in FIG.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2A includes a transmitter 21, an optical modulator 22, a Doppler shift estimator 23, a receiver 24, and a coherent detector 25.
- the transmission unit 21 outputs a signal in which the transmission data (1) is modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5).
- the transmission unit 21 includes a modulation signal conversion unit 211.
- the transmission unit 21 is, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- the modulation signal conversion unit 211 converts the input transmission data (1) into a signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5).
- the light modulator 22 converts the modulation signal output from the transmission unit 21 into a transmission optical signal (3) and outputs the modulation signal to the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the Doppler shift estimator 23 estimates the Doppler shift amount of the received clock signal (8) input from the angle sensor 8 or the low speed receiver 11.
- the Doppler shift amount is a value obtained by dividing the frequency difference caused by the Doppler shift by the frequency before the shift.
- the Doppler shift estimator 23 detects the frequency difference between the received clock signal (8) and the internal clock signal having the same nominal frequency as the received clock signal (8), and divides by the above nominal frequency to obtain Doppler. Calculate the shift amount.
- the reception clock signal (8) is also input to the reception unit 24.
- the coherent detector 25 coherently detects the received optical signal (4) output from the optical fiber amplifier 9.
- the receiving unit 24 decodes the received data (2) using the coherently detected received optical signal (4), the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount in the received clock signal (8), and the received clock signal (8).
- the receiving unit 24 is, for example, a DSP.
- the receiving unit 24 includes a sampling unit 241, an adaptive equalization unit 242, an SNR estimation unit 243, a frequency difference estimation unit 244, a frequency difference compensation unit 245, a phase difference estimation unit 246, and a phase difference compensation unit 247. And a decoding unit 248.
- the sampling unit 241 samples the coherently detected received optical signal (4) at a symbol rate synchronized with the received clock signal (8). For example, the sampling unit 241 samples the coherently detected signal at a symbol rate synchronized with the received clock signal (8) or a rational multiple of the symbol rate.
- the adaptive equalization unit 242 adaptively equalizes the signal sampled by the sampling unit 241.
- the adaptive equalization unit 242 equalizes so that the error between the output signal point and the ideal signal point is the average within a certain period of time and becomes the minimum.
- the modulation method is QPSK (Quadra Phase-Shift Keying)
- adaptive equalization can be realized by the constant envelope algorithm.
- the SNR estimation unit 243 estimates the SNR of the adaptively equalized signal. For example, the SNR estimation unit 243 estimates the amount of error by averaging the error from the ideal signal point of the equalized signal within a certain period of time to estimate the SNR.
- the frequency difference estimation unit 244 estimates the frequency difference in the adaptively equalized signal by using the signal adaptively equalized by the adaptive equalization unit 242, the estimated value of SNR, and the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount. do. For example, in the frequency difference estimation process, a plurality of samples are used in order to suppress the influence of noise, and sequential calculations using the plurality of samples are performed to average the estimated values. If the frequency difference due to the Doppler shift changes while the SNR of the optical signal is affected by the fluctuation of the atmosphere, the initial value of the sequential calculation in estimating the frequency difference deviates from the true value and converges. It will take time. In this case, the frequency difference cannot be compensated, and even if the SNR of the received optical signal is restored, it takes time for the communication to be restored.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2A is not easily affected by the distortion of the wavefront due to the influence of the fluctuation of the atmosphere, and the receiving unit 24 estimates the Doppler shift amount from the stably supplied reception clock signal (8). It is possible to stably calculate the change in frequency difference due to Doppler shift.
- the frequency difference is estimated from the signal obtained by adaptively equalizing the received clock signal (8).
- the frequency difference is estimated from the signal obtained by adaptively equalizing the received clock signal (8) with the frequency difference calculated using the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount as the initial value. Therefore, the convergence of the estimated value becomes faster and the time until the communication is restored is shortened.
- the frequency difference estimation unit 244 estimates the frequency difference of the adaptively equalized signal when the estimated value of the SNR estimated by the SNR estimation unit 243 is equal to or larger than the threshold value. When the estimated value of SNR falls below the threshold value and then exceeds the threshold value again, the frequency difference estimation unit 244 determines the estimated value of the frequency difference immediately before the estimated value of SNR falls below the threshold value and the estimated value of SNR falls below the threshold value.
- the frequency difference of the adaptively equalized signal is estimated using the estimated value of the frequency difference calculated based on the transition of the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount since then as the initial value.
- the estimated value of the frequency difference estimated from the adaptively equalized signal is f0 (Hz) and the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount is d0
- the estimated value of SNR falls below the threshold value.
- the initial value of the estimated value of the frequency difference is obtained by f0 + fc (d1-d0).
- fc is the frequency of the transmitted optical signal.
- the frequency difference compensation unit 245 compensates for the frequency difference of the adaptively equalized signal based on the frequency difference estimated by the frequency difference estimation unit 244.
- the phase difference estimation unit 246 estimates the phase difference in the signal whose frequency difference is compensated by the frequency difference compensation unit 245.
- the phase difference compensating unit 247 compensates for the phase difference of the adaptively equalized signal based on the phase difference estimated by the phase difference estimation unit 246. For example, when the modulation method is QPSK, for example, by using the Viterbi algorithm, the phase difference can be estimated and compensated by the method described in Reference 1.
- the frequency difference estimation unit 244 can estimate the frequency difference of the adaptively equalized signal by the method described in Reference 2, and removes the phase modulation component by squaring the QPSK signal to the fourth power. It is possible.
- the decoding unit 248 decodes the signal whose phase difference is compensated.
- Reference 1 A. Viterbi, "Nonliner synchronization of PSK-modulated carrier phase with application to burst digital transmission," in IEEE Transitions on Information. 29, no. 4, pp. 543-551, July 1983.
- Reference 2 A. Leven, et al. , “Frequency Estimation in Intradyne Reception,” IEEE Photonics Technologies Letters, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 366-368 (2007).
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24.
- the modulation signal conversion unit 211 converts the transmission data (1) input from the outside or the ARQ control unit 10 into a signal modulated at a symbol rate synchronized with the transmission clock signal (5) (step ST1a).
- the modulation signal output from the transmission unit 21 is converted into a transmission light signal (3) by the optical modulator 22 and output to the intensity modulation unit 4.
- the received optical signal (4) received by the paired optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A or 1B is coherently detected by the coherent detector 25.
- the sampling unit 241 samples the coherently detected received optical signal (4) at a symbol rate synchronized with the received clock signal (8).
- the adaptive equalization unit 242 adaptively equalizes the signal sampled by the sampling unit 241 (step ST2a).
- the SNR estimation unit 243 estimates the SNR of the signal adaptively equalized by the adaptive equalization unit 242 (step ST3a). Subsequently, the frequency difference estimation unit 244 uses the signal adaptively equalized by the adaptive equalization unit 242, the estimated value of SNR, and the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount, and the frequency in the signal adaptively equalized. Estimate the difference (step ST4a). The frequency difference compensation unit 245 compensates for the frequency difference of the adaptively equalized signal based on the frequency difference estimated by the frequency difference estimation unit 244 (step ST5a).
- phase difference estimation unit 246 estimates the phase difference in the signal whose frequency difference is compensated by the frequency difference compensation unit 245 (step ST6a).
- the phase difference compensating unit 247 compensates for the phase difference of the adaptively equalized signal based on the phase difference estimated by the phase difference estimation unit 246 (step ST7a).
- the decoding unit 248 decodes the signal whose phase difference is compensated, and outputs the decoded data as received data (2) to the outside or to the ARQ control unit 10 (step ST8a).
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration that realizes the functions of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration for executing software that realizes the functions of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24.
- the light modulator 300 is the light modulator 22 shown in FIG.
- the light modulator 300 is connected to the processing circuit 305, the processor 306 and the memory 307 via a DA converter (DAC) 301.
- the DAC 301 converts the signal input to the light modulator 300 from a digital signal to an analog signal.
- the Doppler shift estimator 302 is the Doppler shift estimator 23 shown in FIG.
- the coherent detector 303 is the coherent detector 25 shown in FIG.
- the coherent detector 303 is connected to the processing circuit 305, the processor 306 and the memory 307 via the AD converter (ADC) 304.
- the ADC 304 converts the signal output from the coherent detector 303 from an analog signal to a digital signal.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2A includes a processing circuit that executes the processing from step ST1a to step ST8a shown in FIG.
- the processing circuit may be dedicated hardware or a CPU that executes a program stored in the memory.
- the processing circuit is the processing circuit 305 of the dedicated hardware shown in FIG. 13, the processing circuit 305 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC, an FPGA or these. The combination of is applicable.
- the functions of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24 included in the optical transmitter / receiver 2A may be realized by separate processing circuits, or these functions may be collectively realized by one processing circuit.
- the processing circuit is the processor 306 shown in FIG. 14, the functions of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24 included in the optical transmitter / receiver 2A are realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- the software or firmware is described as a program and stored in the memory 307.
- the processor 306 realizes the functions of the transmission unit 21 and the reception unit 24 included in the optical transmitter / receiver 2A by reading and executing the program stored in the memory 307.
- the optical transmitter / receiver 2A includes a memory 307 for storing a program in which the processes of steps ST1a to ST8a in the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 are executed as a result when executed by the processor 306. These programs cause the computer to perform the procedures or methods of the transmitting unit 21 and the receiving unit 24.
- the memory 307 may be a computer-readable storage medium in which a program for making the computer function as a transmitting unit 21 and a receiving unit 24 is stored.
- the memory 307 corresponds to, for example, a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM, a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, a DVD, or the like.
- a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM, a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, a DVD, or the like.
- the functions of the transmitter 21 and the receiver 24 included in the optical transmitter / receiver 2A may be realized by dedicated hardware, and the remaining part may be realized by software or firmware.
- the function of the transmission unit 21 is realized by the processing circuit 305, which is dedicated hardware, and the function of the reception unit 24 is realized by the processor 306 reading and executing the program stored in the memory 307.
- the processing circuit can realize the above-mentioned functions by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- the receiving unit 24 samples the coherently detected received optical signal at a symbol rate synchronized with the received clock signal, and samples the received optical signal. Adaptively equalize the signal, estimate the SNR in the adaptively equalized signal, and adaptively equalize using the adaptively equalized signal, the estimated SNR, and the estimated Doppler shift amount.
- the frequency difference in the signal is estimated, the frequency difference in the adaptively equalized signal is compensated based on the estimated frequency difference, and the phase difference in the signal compensated for the frequency difference is estimated and estimated.
- the phase difference of the adaptively equalized signal is compensated, and the decoded data of the signal compensated for the phase difference is output as the received data.
- the optical space communication transmission / reception terminal 1A or 1B includes the optical transmitter / receiver 2A, the effect shown in the first or second embodiment can be obtained. Further, as described above, since the time for estimating the frequency difference of the received clock signal (8) is shortened, the time until the communication is restored when the SNR of the received optical signal is restored is shortened.
- the frequency difference estimation unit 244 estimates the frequency difference in the adaptively equalized signal, and the SNR sets the threshold value.
- the frequency difference calculated based on the transition between the estimated value of the frequency difference immediately before the SNR falls below the threshold and the estimated value of the Doppler shift amount after the SNR falls below the threshold when the frequency exceeds the threshold again after falling below the threshold.
- the frequency difference in the adaptively equalized signal is estimated. As a result, the time for estimating the frequency difference of the received clock signal (8) is shortened, so that the time until the communication is restored when the SNR of the received optical signal is restored is shortened.
- optical space communication transmission / reception terminal can be used, for example, for a feeder link in a satellite communication network.
- 1 Optical space communication system 1A, 1B Optical space communication transmission / reception terminal, 2,2A Optical transmitter / receiver, 3 Transmission clock source, 4 Intensity modulation unit, 5 Fiber coupling unit, 6 Tracking mirror, 7 Beam splitter, 8,8A angle sensor , 9 optical fiber amplifier, 10 ARQ control unit, 11 low-speed receiver, 12 low-speed transmitter, 21 transmitter, 22,300 optical modulator, 23,302 Doppler shift estimator, 24 receiver, 25,303 coherent detector.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る光空間通信システム1の構成を示すブロック図である。図1において、光空間通信システム1は、空間を伝播する光を用いて通信を行うシステムであり、光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aの対を備える。光空間通信システム1において、光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aは、図1に示すように、対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aとの間で双方向通信を行う。
光送受信器2は、外部から入力した送信データ(1)を、送信クロック源3から供給された送信クロック信号(5)に同期したシンボルレートで変調し、変調した送信光信号(3)を強度変調部4に出力する。
図6は、実施の形態2に係る光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Bの構成を示すブロック図である。図6において、図2と同一の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Bは、図1に示した光空間通信システム1において、対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Bとの間で双方向通信を行う。
ARQ制御部10は、外部入力された送信フレーム(1a)を、送信データ(1)として光送受信器2に出力する。光送受信器2は、ARQ制御部10から入力した送信データ(1)を、送信クロック源3から供給された送信クロック信号(5)に同期したシンボルレートで変調し、変調した送信光信号(3)を強度変調部4に出力する。
送信データ出力部102は、低速受信器11から再送要求信号(9)を受けたか否かを確認する(ステップST1)。再送要求信号(9)を受けなかった場合(ステップST1;NO)、ステップST4の処理に移行する。また、送信データ出力部102は、特定のシーケンス番号に対応する通信フレームの再送要求信号を受けた場合(ステップST1;YES)、送信バッファ101に送信フレーム(1a)が記憶されているか否かを確認する(ステップST2)。送信バッファ101に送信フレーム(1a)が記憶されていない場合(ステップST2;NO)、ステップST4の処理に移行する。
図11は、実施の形態3に係る光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aまたは1Bが備える、光送受信器2Aの構成を示すブロック図である。光送受信器2Aは、図1に示した光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aまたは図6に示した光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Bにおける光送受信器2の代わりに設けられる。光送受信器2Aは、図11に示すように、送信部21、光変調器22、ドップラーシフト推定器23、受信部24およびコヒーレント検波器25を備える。
(参考文献1)
A. Viterbi, “Nonlinear estimation of PSK-modulated carrier phase with application to burst digital transmission,” in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 543-551, July 1983.
(参考文献2)
A. Leven, et al., “Frequency Estimation in Intradyne Reception,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 19,no. 6, pp. 366-368 (2007).
変調信号変換部211が、外部またはARQ制御部10から入力した送信データ(1)を、送信クロック信号(5)に同期したシンボルレートで変調した信号に変換する(ステップST1a)。送信部21から出力された変調信号は、光変調器22によって送信光信号(3)に変換されて強度変調部4に出力される。
光空間通信送受信ターミナル1Aまたは1Bが光送受信器2Aを備えることで、実施の形態1または2で示した効果が得られる。さらに、上述したように、受信クロック信号(8)の周波数差を推定する時間が短縮されるので、受信光信号のSNRが回復した際に通信が復旧するまでの時間が短縮される。
Claims (7)
- 対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナルとの間で双方向通信を行う光空間通信送受信ターミナルであって、
送信データを、送信クロック信号に同期したシンボルレートで変調された送信光信号に変換して出力し、受信クロック信号に同期した周期で受信光信号をサンプリングした信号を復調および復号することにより、受信データを生成する光送受信器と、
前記光送受信器から出力された送信光信号に送信クロック信号を重畳して強度変調した送信光信号を生成し、生成した送信光信号を出力する強度変調部と、
前記光送受信器および前記強度変調部に対して共通の送信クロック信号を供給する送信クロック源と、
強度変調された送信光信号をコリメート光として出力し、入力した光信号を光ファイバに結合するファイバ結合部と、
前記ファイバ結合部によって光ファイバに結合された光信号を増幅し、増幅した光信号を受信光信号として前記光送受信器へ出力する光ファイバアンプと、
空間を伝播してきた光信号を前記ファイバ結合部の側へ出力し、前記ファイバ結合部によってコリメート光とされた送信光信号を空間に出力し、伝播角度誤差を入力すると、入力した伝播角度誤差に基づいて伝播角度を補正した光信号を出力する追尾ミラーと、
前記追尾ミラーと前記ファイバ結合部との間を伝播する光信号の一部を分配するビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタによって分配された光信号から検出した伝播角度誤差を前記追尾ミラーに出力し、前記ビームスプリッタによって分配された光信号から抽出したクロック信号を、受信クロック信号として前記光送受信器に出力する角度センサと、
を備えたことを特徴とする光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 前記角度センサは、
複数に分割された受光面において光信号を受光する分割型受光素子と、
前記分割型受光素子の前記受光面の中心位置に光信号を集光するレンズと、
対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナルからの送信クロック信号の周波数帯域を通過帯域とする帯域通過フィルタと、
を備え、
光信号の集光位置と前記分割型受光素子の中心位置とのずれに基づいて、光信号の伝播角度誤差を検出し、
前記帯域通過フィルタによって抽出されたクロック信号を受信クロック信号として前記光送受信器に出力すること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナルとの間で双方向通信を行う光空間通信送受信ターミナルであって、
送信データを、送信クロック信号に同期したシンボルレートで変調された送信光信号に変換して出力し、受信クロック信号に同期した周期で受信光信号をサンプリングした信号を復調および復号することにより、受信データを生成する光送受信器と、
通信フレームの再送要求信号を、送信クロック信号に同期したシンボルレートで変調された信号に変換して出力する低速送信器と、
前記光送受信器および前記低速送信器に対して共通の送信クロック信号を供給する送信クロック源と、
前記光送受信器から出力された送信光信号に対して前記低速送信器から出力された信号を重畳して強度変調した送信光信号を生成し、生成した送信光信号を出力する強度変調部と、
強度変調された送信光信号をコリメート光として出力し、入力した光信号を光ファイバに結合するファイバ結合部と、
前記ファイバ結合部によって光ファイバに結合された光信号を増幅し、増幅した光信号を受信光信号として前記光送受信器へ出力する光ファイバアンプと、
空間を伝播してきた光信号を前記ファイバ結合部の側へ出力し、前記ファイバ結合部によってコリメート光とされた送信光信号を空間に出力し、伝播角度誤差を入力すると、入力した伝播角度誤差に基づいて伝播角度を補正した光信号を出力する追尾ミラーと、
前記追尾ミラーと前記ファイバ結合部との間を伝播する光信号の一部を分配するビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタによって分配された光信号の強度変動を示す電気信号を出力する角度センサと、
前記角度センサから出力された前記電気信号を復調および復号することによりシンボルレートに同期したクロック信号を再生し、再生したクロック信号を受信クロック信号として前記光送受信器に出力し、前記電気信号を復調および復号することにより前記再送要求信号が再生された場合、再生した前記再送要求信号を出力する低速受信器と、
外部から入力した送信フレームを送信データとして前記光送受信器に出力し、前記低速受信器から出力された前記再送要求信号が示すシーケンス番号に対応する送信フレームを送信データとして前記光送受信器に出力し、前記光送受信器から出力された受信データを受信フレームとして記憶し、受信フレームのシーケンス番号に抜けがあった場合、抜けているシーケンス番号に対応する受信フレームの前記再送要求信号を前記低速送信器に出力するARQ制御部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 前記ARQ制御部は、
入力した送信フレームをシーケンス番号の順に記憶する送信バッファと、
前記送信バッファからシーケンス番号の順に読み出した送信フレームを、送信データとして前記光送受信器に出力する送信データ出力部と、
前記光送受信器から出力された受信データを、シーケンス番号の順に受信フレームとして記憶する受信バッファと、
前記受信バッファに記憶されている受信フレームをシーケンス番号の順に出力する受信フレーム出力部と、
前記受信バッファに記憶された受信フレームのシーケンス番号に抜けが発生したか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記判定部によってシーケンス番号に抜けが発生したと判定された場合に、抜けているシーケンス番号に対応する受信フレームの再送要求信号を前記低速送信器に出力する再送要求出力部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 前記光送受信器は、
送信データを送信クロック信号に同期したシンボルレートで変調した信号に変換して出力する送信部と、
前記送信部から出力された変調信号を送信光信号に変換して前記強度変調部に出力する光変調器と、
受信クロック信号のドップラーシフト量を推定するドップラーシフト推定器と、
受信光信号をコヒーレント検波するコヒーレント検波器と、
コヒーレント検波された受信光信号、受信クロック信号における前記ドップラーシフト量の推定値および受信クロック信号を用いて、受信データを復号する受信部と、
を備え、
前記受信部は、
コヒーレント検波された受信光信号を、受信クロック信号に同期したシンボルレートでサンプリングするサンプリング部と、
サンプリングされた信号を適応的に等化する適応等化部と、
適応的に等化された信号における信号対雑音比を推定するSNR推定部と、
前記適応等化部によって適応的に等化された信号、前記信号対雑音比の推定値、および前記ドップラーシフト量の推定値を用いて、適応的に等化された信号における周波数差を推定する周波数差推定部と、
前記周波数差推定部によって推定された周波数差に基づき、適応的に等化された信号の周波数差を補償する周波数差補償部と、
周波数差が補償された信号における位相差を推定する位相差推定部と、
前記位相差推定部によって推定された位相差に基づき、適応的に等化された信号の位相差を補償する位相差補償部と、
位相差が補償された信号を復号し、復号したデータを受信データとして出力する復号部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 前記周波数差推定部は、前記信号対雑音比が閾値以上である場合、適応的に等化された信号における周波数差を推定し、前記信号対雑音比が前記閾値を下回った後に、再び前記閾値以上になった場合には、前記信号対雑音比が前記閾値を下回る直前の周波数差の推定値と、前記信号対雑音比が前記閾値を下回ってからの前記ドップラーシフト量の推定値の推移に基づいて算出した周波数差の推定値とを、初期値として、適応的に等化された信号における周波数差を推定すること
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の光空間通信送受信ターミナル。 - 請求項1または請求項3に記載の光空間通信送受信ターミナルを備え、
対となる同一構成の光空間通信送受信ターミナル同士で双方向通信を行うこと
を特徴とする光空間通信システム。
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| JP7221468B2 (ja) | 2023-02-13 |
| JPWO2022123703A1 (ja) | 2022-06-16 |
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