WO2022141165A1 - 一种天线校准方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种天线校准方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141165A1
WO2022141165A1 PCT/CN2020/141296 CN2020141296W WO2022141165A1 WO 2022141165 A1 WO2022141165 A1 WO 2022141165A1 CN 2020141296 W CN2020141296 W CN 2020141296W WO 2022141165 A1 WO2022141165 A1 WO 2022141165A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
calibration
signal
antenna
radio frequency
processing unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/141296
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨朝辉
陈聪
王琳琳
肖伟宏
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN202080107279.7A priority Critical patent/CN116601875B/zh
Priority to EP20967508.1A priority patent/EP4262110A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/141296 priority patent/WO2022141165A1/zh
Publication of WO2022141165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141165A1/zh
Priority to US18/343,119 priority patent/US20230344529A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/14—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
    • H04B17/22—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements for calibration of the receiver components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna calibration method and system.
  • each channel is required to be calibrated to eliminate various The influence of the deviation between the RF receiving channel and the sending channel on the channel; the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the RF sending channel of multiple remote radio units (RRU) is finally achieved, so that the Only the radio frequency signal can maintain the consistency and improve the transmission performance of the radio frequency signal.
  • RRU remote radio units
  • antenna calibration is generally performed through a calibration board; one end of the calibration board is connected to the RRU, and the other end of the calibration board is connected to the radio frequency antenna.
  • the RRU provides multiple transmission channels and calibration channels; during the calibration process, the baseband processing unit (building base band unite , BBU) sends the calibration sequence to the calibration board through the signal channel in the RRU, after the calibration board receives the signal corresponding to the calibration sequence, it couples the signal so that it passes through the signal channel in the RRU to the BBU again, and then the BBU compares and couples The difference between the signal and the original transmitted signal, and each transmission channel is calibrated according to the difference, and the consistency of the transmission channel is revealed.
  • the baseband processing unit building base band unite , BBU
  • this calibration method requires the participation of a calibration board, exemplarily, multiple ports of one frequency band share one calibration board, and multiple frequency bands require multiple calibration boards. Since the calibration board needs to be placed inside the antenna, it will give the radio frequency device The internal layout brings great difficulties. At the same time, since the calibration board is installed between the RRU and the RF antenna, it is impossible to calibrate the phase difference and amplitude difference caused by the radiating element in the RF antenna, which will reduce the calibration accuracy. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of antenna calibration and simplify the structure of the radio frequency device has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna calibration system and method, which are used to feed back a coupling signal corresponding to a radio frequency calibration signal to a baseband processing unit through a coupling antenna, and finally calibrate the radio frequency calibration signal corresponding to each transmission channel according to the difference between the radio frequency calibration signal and the coupling signal.
  • baseband signal so that the antenna calibration process can be completed without the design of the calibration board, which simplifies the layout of the antenna system and reduces the cost.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an antenna calibration system, including:
  • the antenna calibration system includes a baseband processing unit, a remote radio unit, an antenna array and a coupling antenna; wherein, the baseband processing unit is connected to the first end of the remote radio antenna, and the antenna array is connected to the second end of the remote radio unit to form Serial structure; then the coupling antenna is connected to the second end of the remote radio unit; wherein, both the antenna array and the coupling antenna can be used to send the radio frequency calibration signal to the wireless network, or receive the coupling signal corresponding to the radio frequency calibration signal from the wireless network , and transmit the coupled signal to the baseband processing unit; the remote radio unit is the "connection bridge" between the baseband processing unit and the antenna, which is used to provide multiple transmission channels; the baseband processing unit is to send the RF calibration signal, receive The coupled signal corresponding to the RF calibration signal, by comparing the difference between the RF calibration signal and the coupled signal, senses the signal loss caused by different transmission channels, and then calibrates the RF signal to be sent on each transmission channel in advance according to the difference to eliminate The effect of the
  • the baseband processing unit sends the RF calibration signal through the transmission channel in the remote radio unit, and then couples the RF calibration signal back to the baseband processing unit.
  • the baseband processing unit uses the transmission of the RF calibration signal to sense the transmission.
  • the influence of the channel on the RF calibration signal so that the RF signal to be sent can be compensated in advance according to the gap between the initial RF calibration signal and the coupled signal, reducing the signal loss caused by the transmission channel and ensuring the RF signal transmitted by different channels. Uniformity and improve the transmission performance of RF signals.
  • the method can realize signal coupling without a calibration board, which simplifies the layout of the antenna system and reduces the cost.
  • the multiple transmission channels provided by the remote radio unit can be divided into multiple signal transmission channels and at least one calibration channel; then the antenna array is connected to the multiple signal transmission channels, that is, the multiple signal transmission channels corresponding to the antenna array are connected.
  • Each transmission port is connected with a plurality of signal transmission channels; the coupling antenna is connected with the calibration channel, that is, the coupling antenna corresponds to at least one calibration channel.
  • the antenna array is connected to the signal transmission channel, and the coupling antenna is connected to the calibration channel, so that the radio frequency calibration signal can be sent by the antenna array, received by the coupling antenna and sent back to the baseband processing unit; or sent by the coupling antenna , and the antenna array receives it and transmits it back to the baseband processing unit through the signal transmission channel, so that the RF calibration signal can not only calibrate the downlink signal, but also calibrate the uplink signal, which improves the calibration performance of the antenna calibration system.
  • the baseband processing unit when the antenna calibration system performs downlink signal calibration, sends the radio frequency calibration signal through the signal transmission channel, and then transmits it to the wireless network by the antenna array;
  • the radio frequency calibration signal is received, then the radio frequency calibration signal is coupled to the calibration channel, and the coupled signal of the radio frequency calibration signal is transmitted to the baseband processing unit through the calibration channel.
  • the transmission direction of the radio frequency calibration signal in the signal transmission channel is consistent with the transmission direction of the downlink signal, so that the influence of the signal transmission channel on the downlink signal can be sensed through the signal change of the radio frequency calibration signal, and then the baseband processing The unit can perform signal compensation for the downlink signal with transmission in advance according to the difference between the coupling signal and the radio frequency calibration signal, so as to improve the transmission performance of the downlink signal.
  • the baseband processing unit when the antenna calibration system performs uplink signal calibration, sends the radio frequency calibration signal through the calibration channel, and transmits it to the wireless network by the coupling antenna; then the antenna array receives it from the wireless network The radio frequency calibration signal is then coupled to the signal transmission channel, and the coupled signal of the radio frequency calibration signal is transmitted to the baseband processing unit through the signal transmission channel.
  • the transmission direction of the radio frequency calibration signal in the signal transmission channel is consistent with the transmission direction of the uplink signal, so that the influence of the signal transmission channel on the uplink signal can be sensed through the signal change of the radio frequency calibration signal, and then the baseband processing The unit can perform signal compensation for the uplink signal with transmission in advance according to the difference between the coupling signal and the radio frequency calibration signal, so as to improve the transmission performance of the uplink signal.
  • the antenna calibration system further includes a digital phase shifter, the digital phase shifter is located between the coupling antenna and the calibration channel, the coupling antenna is connected to one end of the digital phase shifter, and the port of the calibration channel is connected to the digital phase shifter At the other end of the phase shifter, the digital phase shifter is used to cancel the influence of the phase shifter in the antenna, the position distribution between the antenna and the coupled antenna, etc. on the phase of the RF calibration signal; in this way, the phase difference between the coupled signal and the RF calibration signal basically comes from Due to the influence brought by the signal transmission channel, the RF signal to be sent can be calibrated more accurately, and the calibration accuracy can be improved.
  • the digital phase shifter is located between the coupling antenna and the calibration channel
  • the coupling antenna is connected to one end of the digital phase shifter
  • the port of the calibration channel is connected to the digital phase shifter
  • the digital phase shifter is used to cancel the influence of the phase shifter in the antenna, the position distribution between the antenna and the coupled antenna, etc. on
  • the number of coupling antennas may be the same as the number of calibration channels in the remote radio unit. In this way, each coupling antenna corresponds to a unique calibration channel.
  • each coupled antenna will receive a radio frequency calibration signal, and then each coupled signal will be transmitted to the baseband processing unit through a calibration channel.
  • the number of coupling antennas may also be greater than the number of calibration channels in the remote radio unit.
  • the antenna calibration system includes a combiner, and when the antenna calibration system is used for downlink signal calibration When , each coupled signal corresponding to each coupled antenna is aggregated into one coupled signal by the combiner, and then transmitted to the baseband processing unit through the calibration channel. In this way, the signal-to-noise ratio of the coupled signal can be improved and the calibration accuracy can be improved. Spend.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an antenna calibration method, including:
  • the radio frequency calibration signal in the wireless network is received through the coupling antenna; wherein, the radio frequency calibration signal is sent to the wireless network by the baseband processing unit through the transmission channel in the remote radio unit;
  • calibration is performed on a plurality of baseband signals to be sent in the baseband processing unit.
  • the transmission channel includes a plurality of signal transmission channels and at least one calibration channel, and the coupling antenna is connected to the at least one calibration channel.
  • the coupling signal corresponding to the radio frequency calibration signal is transmitted through Passing the channel to the baseband processing unit includes: transmitting the coupling signal corresponding to the radio frequency calibration signal to the baseband processing unit through the at least one calibration transmission channel.
  • the transmitting to the baseband processing unit includes: transmitting the coupling signal corresponding to the radio frequency calibration signal to the baseband processing unit through the plurality of transmission channels.
  • the method further includes:
  • the phase of the coupling signal is adjusted by a digital phase shifter; wherein the digital phase shifter is located between the coupling antenna and the at least one calibration channel.
  • the calibrating the multiple baseband signals to be sent in the baseband processing unit includes: calibrating the phases and amplitudes of the multiple baseband signals to be sent in the baseband processing unit .
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a control device, comprising: at least one processor and a memory, where the memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed on the processor, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the The control device executes the method described in the second aspect or any of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a chip or a chip system, the chip or chip system includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is used for running a computer program or instruction, to perform the antenna calibration method described in any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect to the second aspect;
  • the communication interface in the chip may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like.
  • the chip or chip system described above in this application further includes at least one memory, where instructions are stored in the at least one memory.
  • the memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).
  • a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer runs on a computer, the computer causes the computer to execute the above-mentioned second to second aspects Any one of the antenna calibration methods described.
  • a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes computer software instructions, and the computer software instructions can be loaded by a processor to implement any one of the methods for antenna calibration in the second aspect above. process.
  • the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:
  • the baseband processing unit sends the RF calibration signal through the transmission channel in the remote radio unit, and then couples the RF calibration signal back to the baseband processing unit, so that the baseband processing unit can use the RF calibration signal Signal transmission, perceive the influence of the transmission channel on the RF calibration signal, and then compensate the RF signal to be sent in advance according to the gap between the initial RF calibration signal and the coupled signal, reduce the signal loss caused by the transmission channel, and ensure that different channels
  • the uniformity of the transmitted radio frequency signal improves the transmission performance of the radio frequency signal.
  • the method can realize signal coupling without a calibration board, which simplifies the layout of the antenna system and reduces the cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a network architecture diagram of an antenna calibration system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an internal structural diagram of a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a network architecture diagram of another antenna calibration system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of an antenna calibration method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna calibration system and method, which are used to feed back a coupling signal corresponding to a radio frequency calibration signal to a baseband processing unit through a coupling antenna, and finally calibrate the radio frequency calibration signal corresponding to each transmission channel according to the difference between the radio frequency calibration signal and the coupling signal.
  • baseband signal so that the antenna calibration process can be completed without the design of the calibration board, which simplifies the layout of the antenna system and reduces the cost.
  • the current wireless communication network mostly adopts the multi-channel coverage method of baseband processing unit BBU and remote radio unit RRU.
  • the BBU and the RRU are connected by optical fibers, and each BBU can be connected with multiple RRUs, wherein the BBU is used to process various communication signals, and the RRU is used to provide multiple transmission channels.
  • the base station when the base station sends the downlink signal, since the BBU is directly connected to the RRU through the optical fiber, the base station can control the downlink signal to be transmitted from a specific RRU channel; when the base station receives the uplink signal, the uplink signal sent by the sender It is received by the nearest RRU channel, and then can be transmitted to the BBU through an independent RRU channel, so that the interference of other signals to the uplink signal can be greatly reduced.
  • the other end of the RRU is connected to an antenna, which is used to radiate downlink signals to the wireless communication network or receive uplink signals in the wireless communication network;
  • 5G base stations can support large-scale antenna arrays, using beamforming technology to improve the transmission quality of wireless signals in space, in order to improve the accuracy of beamforming, it is required that the errors generated by multiple RRU channels due to their own characteristics are within the accuracy range; therefore, it can be reduced by periodic calibration. Small errors caused by different RRU channels.
  • FIG. 1 is a network architecture diagram of an antenna calibration system provided by an embodiment of the application; as shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna calibration system includes a BBU, an RRU, a calibration board, and an antenna array; wherein, the BBU and the RRU are connected by an optical fiber , the other end of the RRU is connected to the antenna array, wherein there is a calibration board (coupling board) between the RRU and the antenna array, which is used to couple the radio frequency signal to the BBU, wherein the transmission channel in the RRU is divided into a signal transmission channel and a calibration channel .
  • the antenna calibration system includes a BBU, an RRU, a calibration board, and an antenna array; wherein, the BBU and the RRU are connected by an optical fiber , the other end of the RRU is connected to the antenna array, wherein there is a calibration board (coupling board) between the RRU and the antenna array, which is used to couple the radio frequency signal to the BBU, wherein the transmission channel in the RRU is divided into a
  • the BBU sends the downlink calibration sequence (RF calibration signal) to the RRU, and then reaches the calibration board through the transmission of the signal transmission channel in the RRU, and then returns from the calibration channel to the calibration board through the coupling of the calibration board.
  • the baseband compares the difference between the initial downlink calibration sequence and the returned calibration sequence (coupled signal) to know the changes in the signal phase and amplitude caused by the signal transmission channel, and finally obtain the corresponding changes of each signal receiving channel, to Compensate the to-be-transmitted radio frequency signal corresponding to each signal transmission channel to achieve the purpose of calibrating each signal receiving channel.
  • the RRU includes three signal transmission channels.
  • the BBU learns by comparing the differences that the signal transmission channel 1 causes the downlink calibration. If the phase of the sequence is shifted by 20 degrees, when the BBU sends the baseband signal through the signal transmission channel 1, it needs to adjust the phase of the baseband signal by 20 degrees to reduce the phase error brought by the signal transmission channel 1 itself to the baseband signal.
  • the BBU sends an uplink calibration sequence (RF calibration signal) to the RRU, and then passes through the calibration channel in the RRU to reach the calibration board, and then returns from the signal transmission channel to the calibration board through the coupling of the calibration board.
  • the baseband compares the difference between the initial uplink calibration sequence and the returned calibration sequence (coupled signal) to know the changes in signal phase and amplitude caused by the signal transmission channel, and finally obtain the corresponding changes of each signal receiving channel, to Compensation is performed on the RF signal received by each signal transmission channel.
  • the uplink signal calibration process is similar to the downlink signal calibration process, except that the direction of the calibration sequence in the signal transmission channel is changed, which is not repeated here.
  • the calibration process of the antenna calibration system is mainly based on the coupling function of the calibration board, and the calibration accuracy depends on the accuracy of the calibration board.
  • the calibration board In the application scenario of complex multi-frequency antennas, a large number of calibration boards will be required, which makes The device layout inside the system is extremely difficult and the cost is high.
  • the calibration board since the calibration board is located between the RRU and the antenna, the calibration sequence is coupled back to the BBU without being transmitted to the antenna, so the phase error caused by the antenna cannot be corrected. For calibration, its calibration accuracy is low.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a new antenna calibration system, which uses an added calibration antenna to replace the calibration board to return coupled signals, so as to reduce the difficulty of device layout inside the system, and at the same time, it can also reduce the problems caused by the antenna.
  • the phase offset error of the antenna is calibrated, which improves the calibration performance of the antenna calibration system, thereby improving the transmission performance of the radio frequency signal.
  • FIG. 2 is an internal structural diagram of a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the application; as shown in FIG. 2 , the base station antenna is generally composed of a radiation unit, a feeding network, a radome, and the like.
  • the radiating unit can also become an antenna vibrator, vibrator, etc.; it is the basic power supply constituting the antenna array, which can effectively radiate outward or receive radio waves (wireless signals) within the team.
  • the feeding network is a structure in which the baseband signal is fed to the radiation unit according to a certain amplitude and phase, or the received wireless signal is sent to the base station signal processing unit according to a certain radiation and phase.
  • the feeder network is usually composed of controlled impedance transmission lines, including phase shifters, combiners and filters; among them, the RF system can control the phase shifters in the antenna array to adjust the phase of the baseband signal corresponding to each antenna , and finally control the downtilt of the entire RF network.
  • the radome is used to protect the internal components of the antenna from the external environment.
  • the radome In order to improve the transmission performance of wireless signals, the radome generally has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics and good mechanical properties.
  • the inside of the antenna may also include other components, such as a reflector, to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal, and to concentrate the antenna signal reflection on the receiving point. This not only greatly enhances the receiving/transmitting capability of the antenna, but also blocks and shields the interference of other radio waves from the back (reverse direction) to the received signal.
  • a reflector to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal, and to concentrate the antenna signal reflection on the receiving point. This not only greatly enhances the receiving/transmitting capability of the antenna, but also blocks and shields the interference of other radio waves from the back (reverse direction) to the received signal.
  • FIG. 3 is a network architecture diagram of another antenna calibration system provided by an embodiment of the application; as shown in FIG. 3 , the antenna calibration system uses a coupled antenna instead of a calibration board, and the antenna calibration system includes a BBU, an RRU, an antenna array and A coupling antenna; wherein, the BBU and the RRU are connected through an optical fiber, and the other end of the RRU is connected with an antenna array; the coupling antenna is also connected to the RRU through an optical fiber.
  • the transmission channel in the RRU is divided into a signal transmission channel and a calibration channel
  • the antenna array is connected with the signal transmission channel in the RRU
  • the coupling antenna is connected with the calibration channel.
  • the number of antenna arrays is the same as the number of signal transmission channels.
  • a row of antennas with the same polarization direction corresponds to one signal transmission channel.
  • there are four Line antennas these four lines of antennas correspond to the four signal transmission channels in the RRU respectively.
  • the first line of antennas and the third line of antennas have the same polarization direction, and the second line of antennas and the fourth line of antennas have the same polarization direction.
  • Each line of antenna corresponds to a signal transmission interface, which is used to receive or transmit radio frequency signals.
  • the RRU will also include at least one calibration channel, and the number of coupling antennas is not limited here; for example, the number of calibration channels can be the same as the number of coupling antennas, so that each coupling antenna can be One of the calibration channels is connected, that is, the coupling antenna is in one-to-one correspondence with the calibration channel; for example, there can be multiple coupling antennas, and the RRU only includes one calibration channel, then multiple coupling antennas can be connected to the calibration channel through the combiner Connected, that is, the coupling antenna can correspond to the calibration channel one-to-one, or many-to-one, which is not limited; it is understandable that multiple coupling antennas are used to receive the RF calibration signal, and then the multi-channel RF calibration signals are combined into one channel and coupled back Calibrating the channel can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, thereby improving the calibration accuracy.
  • a digital phase shifter may also be included between the coupling antenna and the calibration channel, and the digital phase shifter is used to cancel the influence of the phase shifter in the antenna on the calibration, because the effect of the phase shifter in the antenna It is used to change the downtilt angle of the radio frequency system, not the phase error offset caused by the transmission channel in the radio frequency system. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude the effect of the phase shifter on the phase during calibration, so that the baseband can be more accurately adjusted. signal for calibration.
  • the coupling antenna can be arranged along the vertical plane, and the phase compensation of the digital phase shifter connected to the coupling antenna is related to the position of the coupling antenna; for example, as shown in Figure 3, for a column of antennas arranged along the vertical plane,
  • the arrangement position of the coupling antenna determines the strength of the radio frequency signal sent by the receiving antenna.
  • the coupling antenna P3 is the closest to the antenna X in the first column of antennas, then the phase shift degree of the phase shifter corresponding to the antenna X is the number connected to P3.
  • the degree of phase shift of the phase shifter has the greatest effect.
  • the phase shift degree corresponding to the radio frequency signal received by the antenna X is a1
  • the phase shift degree of the digital phase shifter connected to 3 is -al.
  • each column of antennas may independently correspond to a coupled antenna, or all antennas may share a coupled antenna, again without limitation, a preferred embodiment may be that the antenna array corresponding to each two output transmission ports corresponds to a group of coupled antennas. antenna.
  • the BBU sends a downlink calibration sequence (radio frequency calibration signal) to the RRU, and then reaches the antenna array corresponding to the transmission channel through the transmission of the signal transmission channel in the RRU, Then, the signal transmission port corresponding to the antenna array is radiated into the wireless communication network; then the coupling antenna receives the downlink calibration sequence from the wireless communication network, performs phase adjustment on the received downlink calibration sequence, and returns it from the calibration channel to the baseband processing unit , the baseband processing unit compares the difference between the initial downlink calibration sequence and the returned calibration sequence (coupled signal) to know the changes in signal phase and amplitude caused by the signal transmission channel, and finally obtains the corresponding changes of each signal receiving channel, to compensate the radio frequency signal to be transmitted corresponding to each signal transmission channel, so as to achieve the purpose of calibrating each signal receiving channel.
  • a downlink calibration sequence radio frequency calibration signal
  • the BBU sends the uplink calibration sequence to the RRU, and then reaches the digital phase shifter through the transmission of the calibration channel in the RRU.
  • the digital phase shifter first performs advanced phase compensation on the uplink calibration sequence to Cancel the phase shift of the phase shifter corresponding to the antenna, and then send the phase-compensated signal to the wireless access network through the coupling antenna, and then the antenna receives the downlink calibration sequence from the wireless access network, and returns it through the signal transmission channel. It is transmitted to the baseband processing unit, and the baseband processing unit compares the difference between the initial uplink calibration sequence and the returned calibration sequence (coupling signal) to know the changes in signal phase and amplitude caused by the signal transmission channel, and finally obtains each signal received.
  • the corresponding change of the channel is used to compensate the RF signal received by each signal transmission channel. It is understandable that the uplink signal calibration process is similar to the downlink signal calibration process, except that the direction of the calibration sequence in the signal transmission channel is changed. This will not be repeated.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of an antenna calibration method provided by an embodiment of the present application; as shown in FIG. 4 , the antenna calibration method includes:
  • the baseband processing unit sends a radio frequency calibration signal through a transmission channel in the remote radio unit.
  • the baseband processing unit is connected to one end of the remote radio unit, and the antenna array and the coupling antenna are respectively connected to the other end of the remote radio unit; the baseband processing unit is used to process the radio frequency signal, and the antenna array and The coupled antenna is used to send or receive radio frequency signals, and the remote radio unit is used to provide a transmission channel.
  • the transmission channel provided by the remote radio unit may include multiple signal transmission channels and at least one calibration channel, the signal transmission channel is used for connecting with the antenna array, and the calibration signal is used for connecting with the coupling antenna; when performing downlink signal calibration , the baseband processing unit sends the RF calibration signal through the signal transmission channel and the antenna array; when performing uplink signal calibration, the baseband processing unit sends the RF calibration signal to the wireless network through the calibration channel and the coupling antenna.
  • the sent RF calibration signal needs to be coupled to the baseband processing unit; it is understandable that when performing downlink signal calibration, the baseband processing unit sends the RF calibration signal to the wireless network through the signal transmission channel and the antenna array, and then is sent by the baseband processing unit to the wireless network.
  • the coupling antenna receives and receives the radio frequency calibration signal in the wireless network; when performing uplink signal calibration, the baseband processing unit sends the radio frequency calibration signal to the wireless network through the calibration channel and the coupling antenna, and then the antenna array receives and receives the radio frequency calibration signal in the wireless network.
  • the digital phase shifter is used to pre-compensate the phase of the radio frequency calibration signal, or adjust the phase of the coupled signal; its purpose is to eliminate the antenna or The position of the coupling antenna has an influence on the phase of the RF calibration signal, so the phase change of the coupled signal mainly comes from the signal transmission channel itself, which improves the accuracy of calibration.
  • the baseband processing unit calibrates a plurality of baseband signals to be sent in the baseband processing unit according to the difference between the coupling signal and the radio frequency calibration signal.
  • the baseband processing unit compares the difference between the initial RF calibration signal and the returned coupled signal to know the changes in the signal phase and amplitude caused by the signal transmission channel, and finally obtains the corresponding changes of each signal receiving channel, to analyze each signal.
  • the radio frequency signal to be transmitted corresponding to the transmission channel is compensated to achieve the purpose of calibrating each signal receiving channel.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device 500 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control device 500 includes: a processor 501 , a memory 502 , and a communication interface 503 .
  • the processor 501, the memory 502, and the communication interface 503 are connected to each other through a bus; the bus may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI for short) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA for short) bus or the like.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 5, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 502 may include volatile memory (volatile memory), such as random-access memory (random-access memory, RAM); the memory may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as flash memory (flash memory) ), hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (solid-state drive, SSD); the memory 502 may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.
  • volatile memory such as random-access memory (random-access memory, RAM
  • non-volatile memory such as flash memory (flash memory)
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • SSD solid-state drive
  • the processor 501 may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a network processor (English: network processor, NP) or a combination of CPU and NP.
  • the processor 501 may further include a hardware chip.
  • the above-mentioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose array logic (generic array logic, GAL) or any combination thereof.
  • the communication interface 503 may be a wired communication interface, a wireless communication interface or a combination thereof, wherein the wired communication interface may be, for example, an Ethernet interface.
  • the Ethernet interface can be an optical interface, an electrical interface or a combination thereof.
  • the wireless communication interface may be a WLAN interface, a cellular network communication interface, a combination thereof, or the like.
  • the processor 501 is configured to run the computer program or instructions in the memory 502 to perform the steps of the antenna calibration method in any possible implementation manner of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 501 is configured to run the computer program or instructions in the memory 502 to perform the steps performed by the target in any possible implementation manner of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip or a chip system, the chip or chip system includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through a line, and the at least one processor is used for running a computer program or instruction, to perform an antenna calibration method described in any one of any possible implementation manners of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;
  • the communication interface in the chip may be an input/output interface, a pin, a circuit, or the like.
  • the chip or chip system described above in this application further includes at least one memory, where instructions are stored in the at least one memory.
  • the memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, such as a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used for the above-mentioned control device, including a program for executing a program designed for the control device.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, where the computer program product includes computer software instructions, and the computer software instructions can be loaded by a processor to implement the above-mentioned process in an antenna calibration method.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solutions of the present application can be embodied in the form of software products in essence, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium , including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, read-only memory), random access memory (RAM, random access memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种天线校准方法及系统，用于通信技术领域。该系统包括：基带处理单元、射频拉远单元、天线阵列和耦合天线；所述天线阵列，用于向无线网络发送基带处理单元发送的射频校准信号；或者接收射频校准信号；所述射频拉远单元，用于提供多条传输通道；所述多条传输通道和所述多个传输端口对应；所述耦合天线，用于在所述无线网络中接收所述基带处理单元发送的所述射频校准信号，并将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号传输至所述基带处理单元；或者向所述无线网络发送所述射频校准信号；所述基带处理单元，用于根据所述射频校准信号和所述耦合信号的差异，对所述多条传输通道对应的多个待发送基带信号进行校准。

Description

一种天线校准方法及系统 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线校准方法及系统。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，射频系统对波分赋形的精准度有了更高的要求，同时在多用户-多输入多输出的无线通信系统中，要求对每个信道进行校准，以消除各射频接收通道和发送通道之间的偏差对信道的影响；最终实现多个射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)的射频发送通道幅度和相位的一致性，这样经过多个射频发送通道发射的射频信号才能保持一致性，提高射频信号的传输性能。
现有的，一般通过校准板来进行天线校准；其中校准板一端与连接RRU，另一段连接射频天线，RRU提供多条传输通道和校准通道；在校准过程中，基带处理单元(building base band unite，BBU)通过RRU内的信号通道发送校准序列至校准板，校准板接收到校准序列对应的信号后，对该信号进行耦合，使得其再次通过RRU内的信号通道传会BBU，然后BBU对比耦合信号与原发送信号的差异，并根据该差异来对每个传输通道进行校准，爆出传输通道的一致性。
由于该校准方法需要校准板的参与，示例性的，一个频段的多个端口共用一个校准板，多个频段则需要多块校准板，由于校准板需要放置于天线内部，则将会给射频装置内部的布局带来极大的困难，同时，由于校准板安装于RRU和射频天线之间，所以无法为射频天线中辐射单元带来的相位差和幅度差进行校准，这将降低校准精确度，因此，如何提高天线校准的精确度以及简化射频装置结构成为亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线校准系统及方法，用于通过耦合天线向基带处理单元反馈射频校准信号对应的耦合信号，最后根据射频校准信号与耦合信号的差异来校准每个传输通道对应的基带信号，这样，无需校准板的设计就可以完成天线校准过程，简化了天线系统的布局，降低了成本。
本申请实施例的第一方面提供一种天线校准系统，包括：
该天线校准系统包括基带处理单元、射频拉远单元、天线阵列和耦合天线；其中，基带处理单元与射频拉远天线的第一端连接，天线阵列与射频拉远单元的第二端连接，组成串行结构；然后耦合天线与射频拉远单元的第二端连接；其中，天线阵列和耦合天线都可以用来向无线网发送射频校准信号，或者从无线网中接收射频校准信号对应的耦合信号，并将该耦合信号传输至基带处理单元；射频拉远单元则是基带处理单元与天线之间的“连接桥梁”，用来提供多个传输通道；基带处理单元则是发送射频校准信号，接收射频校准信号对应的耦合信号，通过对比射频校准信号和耦合信号的差异，来感知不同传输通道引起的信号损耗，然后根据该差异对每个传输通道上待发送的射频信号提前进行校准，来消除传输通道本身对射频信号的影响。
在上述实施例中，基带处理单元通过射频拉远单元中的传输通道发送射频校准信号， 然后又将射频校准信号耦合回至基带处理单元，基带处理单元用过射频校准信号的传输，可以感知传输通道对射频校准信号的影响，这样，就可以根据初始的射频校准信号和耦合信号的差距来对待发送的射频信号进行提前补偿，降低传输通道带来的信号损耗，保证不同通道传输的射频信号的统一性，提高射频信号的传输性能。同时，该方法无需校准板就可以实现信号的耦合，简化了天线系统的布局，降低了成本。
在一个可选的实施方式中，射频拉远单元提供的多个传输通道可以分为多条信号传输通道和至少一条校准通道；然后天线阵列对多个信号传输通道连接，即天线阵列对应的多个传输端口与多条信号传输通道连接；耦合天线则与校准通道连接，即耦合天线与至少一条校准通道对应。
在上述实施例中，天线阵列与信号传输通道连接，耦合天线与校准通道进行连接，这样射频校准信号就可以由天线阵列发送，由耦合天线接收并回传至基带处理单元；或者由耦合天线发送，又天线阵列接收并通过信号传输通道回传至基带处理单元，这样射频校准信号不仅可以进行下行信号的校准，也可以进行上行信号的校准，提高了天线校准系统的校准性能。
在一个可选的实施方式中，当天线校准系统进行下行信号校准的时候，基带处理单元就通过信号传输通道来发送射频校准信号，然后由天线阵列传输至无线网中；耦合天线从无线网中接收该射频校准信号，然后将射频校准信号耦合至校准通道，并通过校准通道向基带处理单元传输射频校准信号的耦合信号。
在该实施方式中，射频校准信号在信号传输通道中的传输方向与下行信号的传输方向一致，这样就可以通过射频校准信号的信号变化来感知信号传输通道带给下行信号的影响，然后基带处理单元就可以根据耦合信号与射频校准信号的差异，来对带发送的下行信号提前进行信号补偿，提高下行信号的传输性能。
在一个可选的实施方式中，当天线校准系统进行上行信号校准的时候，基带处理单元就通过校准通道来发送射频校准信号，由耦合天线传输至无线网中；然后天线阵列从无线网中接收该射频校准信号，然后将射频校准信号耦合至信号传输通道，并通过信号传输通道向基带处理单元传输射频校准信号的耦合信号。
在该实施方式中，射频校准信号在信号传输通道中的传输方向与上行信号的传输方向一致，这样就可以通过射频校准信号的信号变化来感知信号传输通道带给上行信号的影响，然后基带处理单元就可以根据耦合信号与射频校准信号的差异，来对带发送的上行信号提前进行信号补偿，提高上行信号的传输性能。
在一个可选的实施方式中，天线校准系统还包括数字移相器，该数字移相器位于耦合天线和校准通道之间，耦合天线连接数字移相器的一端，校准通道的端口连接数字移相器的另一端，该数字移相器用来抵消天线中移相器、天线与耦合天线之间位置分布等因素对射频校准信号的相位影响；这样，耦合信号与射频校准信号的相位差基本来自于信号传输通道所带来的影响，这样可以更加准确的对待发送的射频信号进行校准，提高校准精确度。
在一个可选的实施方式中，耦合天线的个数可以和射频拉远单元中的校准通道的个数相同，这样，每个耦合天线都对应唯一的校准通道，当天线校准系统用于下行信号校准时， 每个耦合天线都将接收射频校准信号，然后将每个耦合信号分别通过校准通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
在一个可选的实施方式中，耦合天线的个数还可以大于射频拉远单元中的校准通道的个数，此时天线校准系统包括合路器，当所述天线校准系统用于下行信号校准时，每个耦合天线对应的每个耦合信号经合路器汇聚为一路耦合信号后，通过所述校准通道传输至所述基带处理单元，这样，可以提高耦合信号的信噪比，提高校准精确度。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种天线校准方法，包括：
通过耦合天线接收无线网中的射频校准信号；其中，所述射频校准信号由基带处理单元通过射频拉远单元中的传输通道发送至所述无线网中；
将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述传输通道回传至所述基带处理单元；
根据所述耦合信号和所述射频校准信号的差异，对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号进行校准。
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述传输通道包括多个信号传输通道和至少一个校准通道，所述耦合天线与所述至少一个校准通道连接。
在一个可选的实施方式中，当所述射频校准信号由所述基带处理单元通过所述多个信号传输通道发送至所述无线网中时，将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道传递至基带处理单元，包括：将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述至少一个校准传输通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
在一个可选的实施方式中，当所述射频校准信号由所述基带处理单元通过所述至少一个校准通道发送至所述无线网中时，将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道传递至基带处理单元，包括：将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述多条传输通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
根据所述射频校准信号的相位信息，通过数字移相器对所述耦合信号的相位进行调节；其中，所述数字移相器位于所述耦合天线和所述至少一个校准通道之间。
在一个可选的实施方式中，所述对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号进行校准，包括：对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号的相位和幅度进行校准。
本申请第三方面提供一种控制设备，包括：至少一个处理器和存储器，存储器存储有可在处理器上运行的计算机执行指令，当所述计算机执行指令被所述处理器执行时，所述控制设备执行如上述第二方面或第二方面任意一种可能的实现方式所述的方法。
本申请第四方面提供了一种芯片或者芯片系统，该芯片或者芯片系统包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器通过线路互联，至少一个处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以进行第二方面至第二方面的任一种可能的实现方式中任一项所描述的天线校准方法；
其中，芯片中的通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。
在一种可能的实现中，本申请中上述描述的芯片或者芯片系统还包括至少一个存储器，该至少一个存储器中存储有指令。该存储器可以为芯片内部的存储单元，例如，寄存器、 缓存等，也可以是该芯片的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
本申请实施例的第五方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，当其在计算机上行驶时，使得计算机执行上述第二方面至第二方面任意一种所述的天线校准方法。
本申请实施例第六方面提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机软件指令，该计算机软件指令可通过处理器进行加载来实现上述第二方面中任意一项天线校准的方法中的流程。
从以上技术方案可以看出，本申请实施例具有以下优点：
本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，基带处理单元通过射频拉远单元中的传输通道发送射频校准信号，然后又将射频校准信号耦合回至基带处理单元，这样，基带处理单元就可以用射频校准信号的传输，感知传输通道对射频校准信号的影响，然后就可以根据初始的射频校准信号和耦合信号的差距来对待发送的射频信号进行提前补偿，降低传输通道带来的信号损耗，保证不同通道传输的射频信号的统一性，提高射频信号的传输性能。同时，该方法无需校准板就可以实现信号的耦合，简化了天线系统的布局，降低了成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线校准系统的网络架构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种基站天线的内部结构图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线校准系统的网络架构图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线校准方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种控制设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种天线校准系统及方法，用于通过耦合天线向基带处理单元反馈射频校准信号对应的耦合信号，最后根据射频校准信号与耦合信号的差异来校准每个传输通道对应的基带信号，这样，无需校准板的设计就可以完成天线校准过程，简化了天线系统的布局，降低了成本。
下面将结合本申请中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
在移动通信技术领域中，为了能够解决网络选址困难、组网不方便以及成本较高等问 题，当前的无线通信网络多采用基带处理单元BBU加射频拉远单元RRU的多通道覆盖方式，其中，BBU与RRU之间通过光纤连接，每个BBU可以与多个RRU进行连接，其中，BBU用于处理各种通信信号，而RRU则用于提供多条传输通道。
基于上述结构，当基站发送下行信号时，由于BBU直接通过光纤和RRU进行连接，因此基站可以控制下行信号从某个特定的RRU通道发射出去；在基站接收上行信号时，发送方发送的上行信号被最近的RRU通道接收到，然后可以通过独立的RRU通道传输至BBU，这样，就可以大大降低其他信号对该上行信号的干扰。
其中，RRU的另一端连接天线，天线用于向无线通信网络辐射下行信号或者接收无线通信网络中的上行信号；随着5G技术的发展，5G基站可以支持大规模的天线阵列，利用波束赋形技术来提高无线信号在空间中的传输质量，为了提高波束赋形的精准度，就要求多个RRU通道因自身特性所产生的误差在精度范围内；因此，可以通过周期性校准的方式来减小因RRU通道的不同所带来的误差。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线校准系统的网络架构图；如图1所示，该天线校准系统包括BBU、RRU、校准板和天线阵列；其中，BBU和RRU之间通过光纤连接，RRU的另一端连接有天线阵列，其中，RRU与天线阵列之间存在有校准板(耦合板)，用于向BBU耦合射频信号，其中，RRU中的传输通道分为信号传输通道和校准通道。
当该天线校准系统进行下行信号校准时，BBU发送下行校准序列(射频校准信号)至RRU，然后通过RRU中信号传输通道的传递，到达校准板，然后经过校准板的耦合从校准通道回传至基带，基带比较初始的下行校准序列和回传的校准序列(耦合信号)的差异，来得知该信号传输通道所造成的信号相位及幅度的变化，最后得到每个信号接收通道对应的变化，来对每个信号传输通道对应的待传输射频信号进行补偿，以达到校准每个信号接收通道的目的。
示例性的，RRU包括三个信号传输通道，当向信号传输通道1发送下行校准序列，最后得到该下行校准序列对应的耦合序列时，BBU通过对比其差异得知，信号传输通道1造成下行校准序列的相位偏移20度，那么当BBU通过信号传输通道1发送基带信号时，就需要将该基带信号的相位调整20度，减小该信号传输通道1本身为基带信号带来的相位误差。
当该天线校准系统进行上行信号校准时，BBU发送上行校准序列(射频校准信号)至RRU，然后通过RRU中校准通道的传递，到达校准板，然后经过校准板的耦合从信号传输通道回传至基带，基带比较初始的上行校准序列和回传的校准序列(耦合信号)的差异，来得知该信号传输通道所造成的信号相位及幅度的变化，最后得到每个信号接收通道对应的变化，来对每个信号传输通道接收到的射频信号进行补偿，可以理解的，上行信号校准过程和下行信号校准过程原理类似，只是改变了校准序列在信号传输通道中的方向，在此不做赘述。
由上图可以看出，该天线校准系统的校准过程主要基于校准板的耦合功能，校准精度取决于校准板的精度，在复杂多频天线的应用场景下，将需要大量的校准板，这使得系统内部的器件布局异常困难，且成本较高，同时，由于校准板位于RRU和天线之间，所以校准序列未传输至天线就被耦合回传至BBU，因此不能对因天线带来的相位误差进行校准， 其校准精度较低。
基于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种新的天线校准系统，利用添加的校准天线来代替校准板回传耦合信号，降低系统内部的器件布局的难度，同时还可以对天线所带来的的相位偏移误差进行校准，提高了天线校准系统的校准性能，进而提高了射频信号的传输性能。
本申请实施例应用于基站天馈系统中，基站天馈系统为基站天线、馈线、抱杆、天线调整支架等组成的系统。具体的，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种基站天线的内部结构图；如图2所示，基站天线一般由辐射单元、馈电网络、天线罩等部分组成。
辐射单元，又可以成为天线振子、振子等；它是构成天线阵列的基本电源，能够有效的向外辐射或者队内接收无线电波(无线信号)。
馈电网络则是将基带信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送至辐射单元，或者将接收到的无线信号按照一定的辐射、相位发送至基站信号处理单元的结构。馈线网络通常由受控的阻抗传输线组成，包括移相器、合路器和滤波器等器件；其中，射频系统可以控制天线阵列中的移相器，对每个天线对应的基带信号进行相位调节，最终控制整个射频网络的下倾角。
天线罩则用于保护天线内部元器件免受外部环境影响，为了提高无线信号的传输性能，天线罩一般具有良好的电磁波穿透特性和良好的机械性能。
可以理解的，天线内部还可以包括其他元器件，例如反射板，用于提高天线信号的接收灵敏度，把天线信号反射聚集在接收点上。这样不但可以大大增强天线的接收/发射能力，还起到阻挡、屏蔽来自后背(反方向)的其它电波对接收信号的干扰作用。
图3为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线校准系统的网络架构图；如图3所示，该天线校准系统使用耦合天线代替了校准板，该天线校准系统包括BBU、RRU、天线阵列和耦合天线；其中，BBU和RRU之间通过光纤连接，RRU的另一端连接有天线阵列；耦合天线也通过光纤和RRU进行连接。
其中，RRU中的传输通道分为信号传输通道和校准通道，天线阵列则与RRU中的信号传输通道进行连接，而耦合天线则与校准通道进行连接。
在一个可选的实施例当中，天线阵列的个数与信号传输通道的个数是相同的，示例性的，极化方向相同的一行天线对应一条信号传输通道，例如在图3中，有四行天线，这四行天线分别对应RRU中的四条信号传输通道，其中，第一行天线和第三行天线的极化方向相同，第二行天线和第四行天线的极化方向相同，每一行天线都对应一个信号传输接口，用来接收或者发送射频信号。
RRU中还将包括至少一个校准通道，而耦合天线的数量在此也不做限定；示例性的，校准通道的个数可以和耦合天线的个数相同，这样，每一个耦合天线都可以分别和其中一条校准通道相连，即耦合天线与校准通道一一对应；示例性的，耦合天线可以有多个，RRU中仅包括一个校准通道，那么多个耦合天线就可以通过合路器与该校准通道相连，即耦合天线可以与校准通道一一对应，也可以多对一，具体不做限定；可以理解的，使用多个耦合天线接收射频校准信号，然后将多路射频校准信号合为一路耦合回校准通道，可以提高信号的信噪比，进而提高校准精度。
在一个可选的实施方式中，耦合天线和校准通道之间还可以包括数字移相器，该数字移相器用来抵消天线中移相器对校准的影响，因为天线当中的移相器的作用是用来改变射频系统的下倾角的，并不是射频系统中因传输通道而造成的相位误差偏移，因此在校准的时候需要排除该移相器对相位的作用，这样才能更精准的对基带信号进行校准。
其中，耦合天线可以沿垂直面排布，耦合天线连接的数字移相器的相位补偿则与耦合天线的位置相关；例如，如图3所示，针对沿垂直面排布的一列天线而言，耦合天线的排布位置决定了其接收天线发送的射频信号的强度，例如耦合天线P3距离第一列天线中的天线X最近，那么天线X对应的移相器的移相度数对P3连接的数字移相器的移相度数影响最大。示例性的，当天线X接收到的射频信号对应的移相度数为a1，那么3连接的数字移相器的移相度数则为-al。
可以理解的，可以每列天线都独立对应耦合天线，也可以所有天线共用耦合天线，再次不做限定，一个优选的实施方式则可以是，每两个输出传输端口对应的天线阵列对应一组耦合天线。
基于上述天线校准系统，当该天线校准系统进行下行信号校准时，BBU发送下行校准序列(射频校准信号)至RRU，然后通过RRU中的信号传输通道的传递，到达该传输通道对应的天线阵列，然后由天线阵列对应的信号传输端口辐射到无线通信网络中；然后耦合天线从无线通信网络中接收该下行校准序列，对接收到的下行校准序列进行相位调节后从校准通道回传至基带处理单元，基带处理单元比较初始的下行校准序列和回传的校准序列(耦合信号)的差异，来得知该信号传输通道所造成的信号相位及幅度的变化，最后得到每个信号接收通道对应的变化，来对每个信号传输通道对应的待传输射频信号进行补偿，以达到校准每个信号接收通道的目的。
当该天线校准系统进行上行信号校准时，BBU发送上行校准序列至RRU，然后通过RRU中校准通道的传递，到达数字移相器，数字移相器先对上行校准序列进行提前的相位补偿，来抵消天线对应的移相器对其的相位移动，然后再将进行过相位补偿的信号通过耦合天线发送至无线接入网络，然后天线从无线接入网络接收该下行校准序列，通过信号传输通道回传至基带处理单元，基带处理单元比较初始的上行校准序列和回传的校准序列(耦合信号)的差异，来得知该信号传输通道所造成的信号相位及幅度的变化，最后得到每个信号接收通道对应的变化，来对每个信号传输通道接收到的射频信号进行补偿，可以理解的，上行信号校准过程和下行信号校准过程原理类似，只是改变了校准序列在信号传输通道中的方向，在此不做赘述。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线校准方法的流程示意图；如图4所示，该天线校准方法包括：
401、基带处理单元通过射频拉远单元中的传输通道发送射频校准信号。
在天线校准系统中，基带处理单元与射频拉远单元的一端连接，天线阵列与耦合天线分别与射频拉远单元的另一端连接；其中，基带处理单元用于对射频信号进行处理，天线阵列和耦合天线则用来发送或者接收射频信号，而射频拉远单元则用来提供传输通道。
示例性的，射频拉远单元提供的传输通道可以包括多个信号传输通道和至少一个校准 通道，信号传输通道用于和天线阵列连接，校准信号用来和耦合天线连接；当进行下行信号校准时，基带处理单元通过信号传输通道和天线阵列发送射频校准信号；当进行上行信号校准时，基带处理单元通过校准通道和耦合天线向无线网发送射频校准信号。
402、接收无线网中的射频校准信号。
在进行天线校准时，需要将发送的射频校准信号耦合至基带处理单元；可以理解的，当进行下行信号校准时，基带处理单元通过信号传输通道和天线阵列向无线网发送射频校准信号，然后由耦合天线接收接收无线网中的射频校准信号；当进行上行信号校准时，基带处理单元通过校准通道和耦合天线向无线网发送射频校准信号，然后由天线阵列接收接收无线网中的射频校准信号。
403、将射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道回传至基带处理单元。
当接收无线网中的射频校准信号后，就需要将射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道回传至基带处理单元。可以理解的，耦合天线和校准通道之间还存在数字移相器，该数字移相器用来对射频校准信号的相位进行预先补偿，或者对耦合信号的相位进行调整；其目的是为了消除天线或者耦合天线所处位置带给射频校准信号相位的影响，这样耦合信号的相位变化则主要来自于信号传输信道本身，提高校准的精确性。
404、基带处理单元根据耦合信号和射频校准信号的差异，对基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号进行校准。
基带处理单元比较初始的射频校准信号和回传的耦合信号的差异，来得知该信号传输通道所造成的信号相位及幅度的变化，最后得到每个信号接收通道对应的变化，来对每个信号传输通道对应的待传输射频信号进行补偿，以达到校准每个信号接收通道的目的。
请参阅图5，为本申请实施例提供的一种控制设备500的结构示意图，该控制设备500包括：处理器501，存储器502，通信接口503。
处理器501、存储器502、通信接口503通过总线相互连接；总线可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，简称EISA)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图5中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
存储器502可以包括易失性存储器(volatile memory)，例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory，RAM)；存储器也可以包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如快闪存储器(flash memory)，硬盘(hard disk drive，HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive，SSD)；存储器502还可以包括上述种类的存储器的组合。
处理器501可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(英文：network processor，NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。处理器501还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device，CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic， GAL)或其任意组合。
通信接口503可以为有线通信接口，无线通信接口或其组合，其中，有线通信接口例如可以为以太网接口。以太网接口可以是光接口，电接口或其组合。无线通信接口可以为WLAN接口，蜂窝网络通信接口或其组合等。
其中，处理器501用于运行存储器502中的计算机程序或指令，以进行图4所示实施例的任一种可能的实现方式中天线校准方法的步骤。
其中，处理器501用于运行存储器502中的计算机程序或指令，以进行图1所示实施例的任一种可能的实现方式中目标端所执行的步骤。
本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片或者芯片系统，该芯片或者芯片系统包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器通过线路互联，至少一个处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以进行图5所示实施例的任一种可能的实现方式中任一项所描述的一种天线校准方法；
其中，芯片中的通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。
在一种可能的实现中，本申请中上述描述的芯片或者芯片系统还包括至少一个存储器，该至少一个存储器中存储有指令。该存储器可以为芯片内部的存储单元，例如，寄存器、缓存等，也可以是该芯片的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机存储介质，该计算机存储介质用于储存为上述基于关于控制设备所用的计算机软件指令，其包括用于执行为关于控制设备所设计的程序。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机软件指令，该计算机软件指令可通过处理器进行加载来实现上述关于一种天线校准方法中的流程。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可 以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，read-only memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，random access memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种天线校准系统，其特征在于，所述天线校准系统包括：基带处理单元、射频拉远单元、天线阵列和耦合天线；
    所述基带处理单元与所述射频拉远单元的第一端连接；所述天线阵列和所述耦合天线与分别所述射频拉远单元的第二端连接；
    所述天线阵列，用于向无线网络发送所述基带处理单元发送的射频校准信号；或者
    接收所述射频校准信号，并将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号传输至所述基带处理单元；其中，所述天线阵列包括多个传输端口；
    所述射频拉远单元，用于提供多条传输通道；所述多条传输通道和所述多个传输端口对应；
    所述耦合天线，用于在所述无线网络中接收所述基带处理单元发送的所述射频校准信号，并将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号传输至所述基带处理单元；或者
    向所述无线网络发送所述射频校准信号；
    所述基带处理单元，用于根据所述射频校准信号和所述耦合信号的差异，对所述多条传输通道对应的多个待发送基带信号进行校准。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，所述多条传输通道包括多条信号传输通道和至少一个校准通道；其中，所述多个传输端口和所述多条信号传输通道对应，所述耦合天线与所述至少一个校准通道对应。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，当所述天线校准系统用于下行信号校准时，所述基带处理单元用于通过所述多条信号传输通道发送所述射频校准信号；
    所述耦合天线，用于将所述射频校准信号耦合至所述校准通道，并通过所述校准通道向所述基带处理单元传输所述射频校准信号的耦合信号。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，当所述天线校准系统用于上行信号校准时，所述基带处理单元用于通过所述校准通道发送所述射频校准信号；
    所述耦合天线，用于将所述射频校准信号耦合至所述信号传输通道，并通过所述信号传输通道向所述基带处理单元传输所述射频校准信号的耦合信号。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，所述天线校准系统还包括数字移相器，所述耦合天线通过所述数字移相器与所述校准端口连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，所述耦合天线的个数与所述校准通道的个数相等；
    当所述天线校准系统用于下行信号校准时，每个耦合天线对应的每个耦合信号分别通过一条校准通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的天线校准系统，其特征在于，所述天线校准系统还包括合路器，所述耦合天线的数量大于所述校准通道的数量，且所述天线校准系统包括一条校准通道；
    当所述天线校准系统用于下行信号校准时，每个耦合天线对应的每个耦合信号经所述合路器汇聚为一路耦合信号后，通过所述校准通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
  8. 一种天线校准方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    通过耦合天线接收无线网中的射频校准信号；其中，所述射频校准信号由基带处理单元通过射频拉远单元中的传输通道发送至所述无线网中；
    将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述传输通道回传至所述基带处理单元；
    根据所述耦合信号和所述射频校准信号的差异，对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号进行校准。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述传输通道包括多个信号传输通道和至少一个校准通道，所述耦合天线与所述至少一个校准通道连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述射频校准信号由所述基带处理单元通过所述多个信号传输通道发送至所述无线网中时，将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道传递至基带处理单元，包括：
    将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述至少一个校准传输通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述射频校准信号由所述基带处理单元通过所述至少一个校准通道发送至所述无线网中时，将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过传输通道传递至基带处理单元，包括：
    将所述射频校准信号对应的耦合信号通过所述多条传输通道传输至所述基带处理单元。
  12. 根据权利要求10至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    根据所述射频校准信号的相位信息，通过数字移相器对所述耦合信号的相位进行调节；其中，所述数字移相器位于所述耦合天线和所述至少一个校准通道之间。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号进行校准，包括：
    对所述基带处理单元中的多个待发送基带信号的相位和幅度进行校准。
  14. 一种存储一个或多个计算机执行指令的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，当所述计算机执行指令被处理器执行时，所述处理器执行如上述权利要求8至13任一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2020/141296 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 一种天线校准方法及系统 Ceased WO2022141165A1 (zh)

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