WO2022142500A1 - 一种发声装置 - Google Patents

一种发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022142500A1
WO2022142500A1 PCT/CN2021/119308 CN2021119308W WO2022142500A1 WO 2022142500 A1 WO2022142500 A1 WO 2022142500A1 CN 2021119308 W CN2021119308 W CN 2021119308W WO 2022142500 A1 WO2022142500 A1 WO 2022142500A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
guide hole
sound guide
user
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/119308
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王真
张磊
齐心
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=74883893&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2022142500(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority to JP2023521777A priority Critical patent/JP7618029B2/ja
Priority to KR1020237010782A priority patent/KR102746649B1/ko
Priority to BR112023004520A priority patent/BR112023004520A2/pt
Priority to EP21913245.3A priority patent/EP4184940A4/en
Priority to CN202180006890.5A priority patent/CN114982252B/zh
Publication of WO2022142500A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142500A1/zh
Priority to US18/165,346 priority patent/US12225347B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US19/047,680 priority patent/US20250184661A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/06—Hearing aids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/023—Screens for loudspeakers
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    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
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    • H04R1/227—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only  using transducers reproducing the same frequency band
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    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2884—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure
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    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
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    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H04S7/303—Tracking of listener position or orientation
    • H04S7/304—For headphones
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
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    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
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    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
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    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
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    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H04R5/0335—Earpiece support, e.g. headbands or neckrests

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of audio equipment, and in particular, to a sound producing device.
  • open-back audio equipment Compared with traditional in-ear headphones, open-back audio equipment has the advantages of non-blocking, safety, and comfort.
  • the structure of the wearable device eg, glasses legs
  • the audio device can make up for wearing
  • audio equipment can be combined with wearable equipment used in special scenarios (for example, special glasses for cycling, special glasses for running, etc.), which can greatly improve the fun in sports.
  • the open design of audio equipment also guarantees the exercise process. security in.
  • Combining the audio device with the wearable device increases the weight of the wearable device, and the interference of the audio device with the ear (eg, blocking the ear canal) also affects the user's wearing experience.
  • the present application provides a sound-generating device, which has better wearing experience, better listening effect and sound leakage reduction effect.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a sound-generating device, the sound-generating device includes a diaphragm and a casing, the casing includes a first sound guide hole and a second sound guide hole, the diaphragm is in the casing, and the first sound guide hole
  • the sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole are respectively located on both sides of the diaphragm; when the user wears the sound producing device, the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is smaller than the distance between the diaphragm and the user.
  • the distance from the ear canal opening, the angle between the connection line between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole and the connection line between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening is less than 45°, the second sound guide hole is less than 45°.
  • the distance between the sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is greater than the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening.
  • the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is 0.5cm-2.5cm.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is 1.5cm-5cm.
  • the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening is 1.5cm-3cm.
  • the ratio of the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening to the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is 1.4-3.
  • the ratio of the distance between the second sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening to the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is 1.4-5.
  • the casing and the diaphragm form a first acoustic chamber for radiating sound
  • the first acoustic chamber is acoustically coupled with the first sound guide hole
  • the first acoustic chamber is acoustically coupled with the first sound guide hole.
  • a sound guide hole is located at different side walls of the casing corresponding to the first acoustic chamber.
  • the first sound guide hole includes a first hole portion and a second hole portion, the first hole portion and the second hole portion are connected, wherein the first hole portion and the second hole portion are connected.
  • the second hole portions are located at different side walls of the casing corresponding to the first acoustic chamber.
  • the length of the sidewall where the first hole portion is located is greater than the length of the sidewall where the second hole portion is located.
  • the ratio of the length of the second hole portion to the length of the sidewall where the second hole is located ranges from 1/6 to 2/3.
  • the length of the second hole portion is not less than 1/6 of the length of the side wall where it is located.
  • the sound generating device further includes a magnetic circuit structure, the magnetic circuit structure is connected to the housing, the diaphragm is connected to the magnetic circuit structure through a voice coil, and the housing is connected to the housing.
  • the magnetic circuit structure forms a second acoustic cavity for radiating sound, the second acoustic cavity is acoustically coupled with the second sound guide hole, and the second sound guide hole is located in a corresponding part of the second acoustic cavity on the side wall.
  • the magnetic circuit structure of the sound-generating device includes a magnetic conductive cover, the magnetic conductive cover is away from the diaphragm, and a part of the magnetic conductive cover is used as a side wall of the housing.
  • the second sound guide hole is located on the magnetic guide cover.
  • the difference between the effective area of the second sound guide hole and the effective area of the first sound guide hole and the effective area of the first sound guide hole or the second sound guide hole is not more than 40%.
  • the sound-emitting device includes a wearing member, the wearing member includes: a connecting section and a concave section, the concave section is connected with the connecting section; wherein the concave section enables the wearing section
  • the upper edge of the piece has a downward recess on the wearing piece; the shell is connected with the recessed section.
  • the recessed segment is configured to bring the recessed segment closer to the user's ear when the user wears the wearing piece, the recessed segment causing the first sound guide
  • the holes are located near the user's ear.
  • the recessed section includes an angularly connected mounting portion and a transition portion
  • the housing is disposed on the mounting portion or the transition portion
  • the transition portion and the mounting portion are The connecting segments are bent and connected and extend downward.
  • the angle ranges from 15° to 150°.
  • the connecting section includes a first connecting section
  • the transition section is connected between the mounting section and the first connecting section, and the transition section and the first connecting section are bent Connect and extend down.
  • the connecting segment further includes a second connecting segment connected to one end of the mounting portion.
  • the first sound guide hole is disposed at at least one of the following locations: the concave section faces the inner side of the user's head, the concave section faces the edge of the user's tragus, or the concave section The side facing the user's tragus.
  • the wearing member includes a left ear wearing part and a right ear wearing part, which are respectively used to be mounted on the left and right ears of the user.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary frame diagram of a sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a sound pressure level diagram of an acoustic unit at different positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of acoustic units at different positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic unit according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of different acoustic units according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency response curve diagram of different acoustic units according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of different acoustic units at the ear according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 10A is a radiation directivity diagram of an acoustic unit according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10B is a radiation directivity diagram of an acoustic unit according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the reflection of a dipole with respect to a human face according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a sounding device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 14A is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 14B is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece from another perspective according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic unit shown in some embodiments of the present application.
  • system means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, parts or assemblies at different levels.
  • device means for converting components, elements, parts, parts or assemblies to different levels.
  • the embodiment of this specification describes a sound generating device.
  • the sound-generating device may include a diaphragm and a housing.
  • the casing includes a first sound guide hole and a second sound guide hole, the diaphragm is in the casing, and the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole are located on two sides of the diaphragm, respectively.
  • the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is smaller than the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening, and the distance between the second sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening is greater than the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening, which can make the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound guide hole is close to the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole faces away from the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the sound output by the second sound guide hole meet certain conditions (for example, the phase difference is about 180°). , which can form dipole-like radiation.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the sound output by the second sound guide hole can be reversed and canceled, thereby reducing the sound leakage volume of the sound generating device in the far field and preventing sound
  • the sound output by the device is heard by nearby people.
  • the range of the included angle between the connection line between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole and the connection line between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening is less than 45°.
  • the angle between the connection line between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole and the connection line between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening is a specific angle (for example, less than 45°), and the first guide hole is less than 45°.
  • the direction of the dipole-like radiation formed by the sound output from the sound hole and the sound output from the second sound guide hole is directed to the user's ear canal, thereby improving the listening volume when the user wears the sound-emitting device and reducing the far-field sound leakage volume.
  • the sound-generating device when the sound-generating device is a wearable device with audio function (eg, glasses, smart helmets, etc.), on the one hand, the acoustic unit of the sound-generating device does not interfere with the user's ear (eg, block the ear canal), improving the User experience when wearing; on the other hand, the arrangement of the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole can also ensure its acoustic performance and reduce sound leakage.
  • the acoustic unit of the sound-generating device does not interfere with the user's ear (eg, block the ear canal), improving the User experience when wearing; on the other hand, the arrangement of the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole can also ensure its acoustic performance and reduce sound leakage.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary frame diagram of a sound generating apparatus according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound generating device 100 may include an acoustic unit 110 and a wearing member 120 .
  • the sound producing device 100 may include glasses, smart bracelets, headphones, hearing aids, smart helmets, smart watches, smart clothing, smart backpacks, smart accessories, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the sound-emitting device 100 may be functional myopia glasses, reading glasses, cycling glasses or sunglasses, etc., or intelligent glasses, such as audio glasses with earphone function, and the sound-emitting device 100 may also be a helmet, augmented reality Head-mounted devices such as Augmented Reality (AR) devices or virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) devices.
  • the augmented reality device or virtual reality device may include a virtual reality headset, virtual reality glasses, augmented reality headset, augmented reality glasses, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • virtual reality devices and/or augmented reality devices may include Google Glass, Oculus Rift, Hololens, Gear VR, and the like.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may be used to convert a signal containing sound information into a sound signal.
  • the sound signal may include bone conduction sound waves or air conduction sound waves.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may generate mechanical vibrations to output sound waves (ie, sound signals) in response to receiving a signal containing sound information.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may include a housing 111, a vibration member 112 and a magnetic circuit structure 113, the vibration member 112 and the magnetic circuit structure 113 are accommodated in the housing 111, and the vibration member 112 and the magnetic circuit structure 113 are accommodated in the housing 111.
  • the circuit structure 113 is connected by a voice coil (not shown in FIG. 1 ), the vibrating element 112 is a diaphragm, the internal magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure 113 changes in response to a signal containing sound (ie an electrical signal), and the voice coil is in the magnetic circuit structure. Vibration occurs under the action of 113 , the vibrating member 112 (diaphragm) vibrates in response to the vibration of the voice coil, and the vibrating member 112 drives the air inside the housing 111 to vibrate, thereby generating sound waves.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may further include one or more sound guide holes, and the sound waves generated at the vibration member 112 may be radiated to the outside through the sound guide holes.
  • the acoustic unit 110 when the acoustic unit 110 is a bone conduction speaker, the acoustic unit 110 may include the vibrating member 112 and/or a vibration-transmitting element connected with the vibrating member 112 (eg, at least part of the housing of the wearing member 120 in the sound producing device 100 ) .
  • the acoustic unit 110 When the acoustic unit 110 generates mechanical vibration, along with the conversion of energy, the acoustic unit 110 can realize the conversion of a signal containing sound information into mechanical vibration, and the mechanical vibration can be transmitted to the user's auditory nerve through bone conduction through the sound transmission element.
  • the acoustic unit 110 when the acoustic unit 110 is a bone conduction speaker, the acoustic unit 110 can also generate air conduction sound waves while outputting mechanical vibration (ie, bone conduction sound waves).
  • the above conversion process may involve the coexistence and conversion of many different types of energy.
  • an electrical signal ie, a signal containing sound information
  • the mechanical vibration is transmitted through the vibration-transmitting element to transmit sound waves.
  • the sound information may be contained in the light signal, and a specific acoustic unit 110 may implement the process of converting the light signal into the sound signal.
  • the types of the acoustic unit 110 may include one or more of a moving coil type, an electrostatic type, a piezoelectric type, a moving iron type, a pneumatic type, an electromagnetic type, and the like.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may include one or more air conduction speakers. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit 110 may include one or more bone conduction speakers. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit 110 may include a combination of one or more bone conduction speakers and one or more air conduction speakers at the same time. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit 110 may be provided at the wearer 120 to facilitate transmitting the emitted sound to the user. In some embodiments, the acoustic unit 110 may be disposed at the end of the wearing member 120 or at any other location.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may be disposed at the end of the wearing piece 120 , and the acoustic unit 110 may not be disposed at other positions of the wearing piece 120 .
  • multiple acoustic units 110 may be provided at multiple locations on the wear piece 120 .
  • at least one acoustic unit 110 is provided at the end of the wearing piece 120 or at other locations.
  • the acoustic unit 110 may be disposed on the outer surface of the wearing member 120 or on the interior of the wearing member 120 .
  • the acoustic unit 110 may be positioned close to where the wearer 120 contacts the user (eg, near the temple to the ear on the wearer 120).
  • the wearing member 120 may include a cavity for accommodating the acoustic unit 110, and at least a portion of the acoustic unit 110 may be accommodated in the cavity.
  • the acoustic unit 110 and the wearing member 120 are of a one-piece structure.
  • the sound producing device 100 may also include a visual element (not shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • the visual element is used to mount on a certain part of the user's body, for example, the eye, the hand and so on.
  • the wearing member 120 may be connected to one or both ends of the visual member for keeping the sound producing device 100 in stable contact with the user.
  • the viewable element may be a lens, a display screen, or a display screen with a lens effect.
  • the visual element can also be a lens and its auxiliary parts or a display screen and its auxiliary parts, and the auxiliary parts can be parts such as a frame or a bracket.
  • the visual element may also be an auxiliary component that does not contain a lens or display screen.
  • the wearing member 120 may be a component such as temples or a headband.
  • the sound-emitting device 100 may include a visual part and two wearing parts 120, and the two wearing parts 120 are respectively connected to two ends of the visual part and used to be erected on the corresponding left ear and right ear.
  • the wearing member 120 is a headband-like component
  • the headband-like component can be adjusted to suit the head shape of the user, and a variety of functional components can also be provided thereon
  • the sound-emitting device 100 includes a visual component and a The wearing member 120, two ends of the wearing member 120 are respectively connected to two ends of the visual member.
  • the structure of the wearing member 120 can be adaptively adjusted according to the type of the sound producing device 100 or a specific application scenario.
  • the frame diagram provided in FIG. 1 is for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Various variations and modifications can be made to those skilled in the art under the guidance of the present application. And these deformations and modifications will fall within the scope of protection being applied for.
  • the number of originals shown in the figures may be adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • one or more elements shown in FIG. 1 may be omitted, or one or more other elements may be added or deleted.
  • the sound generating device 100 may not include the wearing member 120 , and the housing 111 may have the wearing function of the wearing member 120 .
  • an element may be replaced by other elements that perform similar functions.
  • an element may be split into multiple sub-elements, or multiple elements may be combined into a single element.
  • the housing 111 and the wearer 120 may be combined into one element.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound-generating device 200 shown in FIG. 2 is a VR device or an AR device.
  • the sound-generating device 200 may include an acoustic unit 210 , a wearing member 220 and a visual member 230 .
  • the wearing member 220 is a headband-like component, and the wearing member 220 may be a structure made of elastic material or a structure with adjustable length. Two ends of the wearing member 220 are respectively connected with two ends of the visual member 230.
  • the wearing member 220 and the visual member 230 surround the user's head, and the user is exposed to the user through the wearing member 220 and the visual member 230.
  • the pressure of the head enables the wearing of the sound producing device 200 .
  • the connection between the wearing member 220 and the visible member 230 may include, but not limited to, a movable connection such as a rotary connection or a telescopic connection, or a relatively fixed connection such as a snap connection, a screw connection, or an integrally formed connection.
  • the wearing member 220 may include a recessed portion 240 for placing the acoustic unit 210, and the recessed portion 240 may be located near the user's ear (eg, front side, upper side, etc.) when the user wears the sound producing device 200, In this way, the acoustic unit 210 can be located close to the user's ear without blocking the user's ear canal, so that the user can also receive the sound from the external environment while listening to the sound emitted by the acoustic unit 210 . In some embodiments, the acoustic unit 210 may be located on the outer surface of the lower recess 240 .
  • the acoustic unit 210 when the acoustic unit 210 is a bone conduction speaker, the acoustic unit 210 may be located on the side of the lower recess 240 that is in contact with the user.
  • the acoustic unit 210 when the acoustic unit 210 is an air conduction speaker, the acoustic unit 210 may be located on the side of the lower recess 240 that is not in contact with the user.
  • the acoustic unit 210 may be located inside the lower recess 240 .
  • the lower concave portion 240 has an accommodating bin (not shown in FIG. 2 ) in which the acoustic unit 210 is placed, and the acoustic unit 210 may be located in the accommodating bin.
  • the lower concave portion 240 may serve as a housing of the acoustic unit 210 , and other components of the acoustic unit 210 (eg, magnetic circuit structure, diaphragm, etc.) may be located in the lower concave portion 240 .
  • the acoustic unit 210 may include a diaphragm and a magnetic circuit structure (not shown in FIG.
  • the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure are connected by a voice coil, and the magnetic circuit
  • the structure is connected to the shell (or the concave portion 240 ) of the acoustic unit 210 , the side of the diaphragm facing away from the magnetic circuit structure forms the front side of the acoustic unit 210 , and the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing away from the diaphragm forms the back side of the acoustic unit 210 ,
  • the diaphragm vibrates so that the acoustic unit radiates sound outward from its front and back, respectively.
  • the housing (or the lower recess 240 ) of the acoustic unit 210 may include at least two sound guide holes (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the sound guide holes may include a first sound guide hole (also referred to as is a sound outlet) and a second sound guide hole (also known as a pressure relief port), the first sound guide hole is used to output the sound from the front of the acoustic unit 210, and the second sound guide hole can be used for the back of the acoustic unit 220.
  • a first sound guide hole also referred to as is a sound outlet
  • a second sound guide hole also known as a pressure relief port
  • the phase of the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the phase of the sound output by the second sound guide hole can be regarded as opposite, so that the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the sound output by the second sound guide hole can be Build a dipole.
  • the first sound guide hole is close to the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole faces away from the user's ear canal opening, so that the acoustic unit 210 has a better acoustic output effect.
  • the number of the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole may be one or more.
  • the listening effect and the sound leakage reduction effect of the sound generating device 200 can be further improved.
  • parameters such as the number, size, position, and acoustic resistance of the first sound guide hole or the second sound guide hole, the listening effect and the sound leakage reduction effect of the sound generating device 200 can be further improved.
  • the first sound guide hole, the second sound guide hole, and the lower concave portion 240 reference may be made to other places in this specification, such as FIGS. 4 to 11 and their related descriptions.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound-generating device 300 shown in FIG. 3 is glasses.
  • the sound-generating device 300 may include an acoustic unit 310 , a wearing member 320 and a visual member 330 (ie, a frame or a lens).
  • the wearing piece 320 includes two temple structures, one end of the wearing piece 320 is connected with the end of the visible piece 330 , and the two temple structures are respectively matched with the left ear and the right ear of the user.
  • the wearing member 320 When the user wears the sound producing device 300 , the wearing member 320 is supported by the user's ears and the visual member 230 is supported by the user's nose bridge to realize the wearing of the sound producing device 200 .
  • the connection between the wearing member 320 and the visible member 330 may include, but not limited to, a movable connection such as a rotary connection or a telescopic connection, or a relatively fixed connection such as a snap connection, a screw connection, or an integrally formed connection.
  • the structure of the acoustic unit 310 is similar to that of the acoustic unit 210 shown in FIG. 2
  • the structure of the concave portion 340 is similar to that of the concave portion 240 shown in FIG. 2 , which is not repeated here.
  • the above descriptions about the sound generating device 200 and the sound generating device 300 are only for example and illustration, and do not limit the scope of application of the present specification.
  • various modifications and changes can be made to the sound-generating device 200 and the sound-generating device 300 under the guidance of this specification.
  • these corrections and changes are still within the scope of this specification.
  • the wearing part 220 of the sound producing device 200 may be a temple structure
  • the wearing part 320 of the sound producing device 300 may be a headband-like component.
  • the acoustic unit may be located near the user's ear or At least part of the acoustic unit is located within the projection area of the user's ear on the face.
  • FIG. 4 is a sound pressure level diagram of an acoustic unit at different positions provided according to some embodiments of the specification of the present application, and the drawing is a sound wave obtained by an actual test (that is, the sound output by the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit) in front of the ear The degree of influence of different positions on the listening volume.
  • the distribution positions of the first sound guide holes of the acoustic unit on the front side of the user's auricle are area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4, area 5, area 6, area 7, Regions 8 and 9, the lighter the grayscale image in the right part of Figure 4, indicates that when the first sound guide hole is located near this region, the sound pressure level heard in the human ear is greater.
  • the listening volume is approximately 88dB.
  • the listening volume is approximately 86dB.
  • the listening volume is approximately 76dB. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that when the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit is placed near the area 3, area 5, area 6, area 8 or area 9, it has a larger listening volume.
  • the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit when the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit is placed near the area 5, the area 6, the area 8 or the area 9, it can ensure that the listener can hear a larger volume. Further preferably, when the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit is placed near the area 6 or the area 9, it can ensure that the listener can hear a larger volume.
  • the first sound guide hole in order to ensure that the user can hear a larger volume when wearing the sound-generating device, the first sound guide hole (refer to FIG. 7( a )) should be as close to the user's ear canal as possible. However, in order to ensure the opening of the ear canal opening, the first sound guide hole needs to keep a certain distance from the ear canal opening.
  • the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may refer to the distance between the center of the first sound guide hole and the center of the user's ear canal opening, or the distance between the center of the first sound guide hole and the plane where the user's ear canal opening is located. In some embodiments, the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be less than 4 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be less than 3 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the first sound guide hole and the opening of the user's ear canal may range from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm.
  • the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1 cm to 2 cm.
  • the sound emitted by the diaphragm of the acoustic unit needs to be transmitted to the user's ear canal through an acoustic structure (for example, an acoustic chamber, a sound guide tube, a sound guide hole, etc.)
  • the distance of the crossing improves the listening effect of the sound-emitting device.
  • the center of mass of the diaphragm here refers to the center of mass of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm has a circular structure, and the center of mass of the diaphragm is the center of the circular diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm has a rectangular structure, and the center of mass of the diaphragm is the geometric center of the rectangle.
  • the ear canal opening refers to the opening of the human external auditory canal, and the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening may refer to the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the center position of the user's ear canal opening. In other embodiments, the distance between the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening may also refer to the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the plane where the user's ear canal opening is located.
  • the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the opening of the user's ear canal may be less than 5 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the opening of the user's ear canal may be less than 4 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the opening of the user's ear canal may range from 1 cm to 4 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the opening of the user's ear canal may range from 1.5 cm to 3.5 cm. In some embodiments, the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the opening of the user's ear canal may range from 2 cm to 3 cm.
  • the ratio between the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be greater than 1.2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be in the range of 1.2-4. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be in the range of 1.4-3.
  • the ratio between the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may be in the range of 1.5-2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the center of mass of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.6 to 1.8.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of acoustic units at different positions according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the sound-generating device is glasses, and the sound-generating device may include a wearing part 510 and an acoustic unit 511 , the wearing part 510 is a temple structure, the acoustic unit 511 is a cuboid structure, and one of the acoustic units 511 has a larger length.
  • One side is connected to the wearing piece 510 , and one side of the acoustic unit 511 with a smaller length is arranged approximately perpendicular to the wearing piece 510 .
  • the acoustic unit 511 may be located on the front side of the upper part of the auricle, wherein a side with a smaller length of the acoustic unit 511 is directly opposite to the user's auricle.
  • the acoustic unit 511 may include a first sound guide hole (not shown in FIG. 5( a )), and the first sound guide hole is used to output the sound generated on the front of the acoustic unit 511 to the outside world.
  • the sound hole is located at the lower right corner of the acoustic unit 511, so that the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit 511 is close to the user's ear canal.
  • the position of the first sound guide hole can be regarded as the vicinity of the area 2 or the area 3 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the structure of the sounding device shown in Fig. 5(b) is substantially the same as that of the sounding device shown in Fig. 5(a), the difference is that the acoustic unit 512 in the sounding device shown in Fig. 5(b) is the same as that shown in Fig. 5(a). ) in the sound-generating device shown in a different connection position between the acoustic unit 511 and the temple structure. As shown in FIG. 5( b ), a side with a shorter length in the acoustic unit 512 is connected to the wearing piece, and a side with a longer length in the acoustic unit 512 is arranged approximately perpendicular to the wearing piece.
  • the acoustic unit 512 may be located on the front side of the auricle, wherein a side with a longer length of the acoustic unit 512 is directly opposite to the user's auricle.
  • the acoustic unit 512 may include a first sound guide hole (not shown in FIG. 5( b )), the first sound guide hole is used to output the sound generated on the front of the acoustic unit 512 to the outside world, and the first sound guide hole The sound hole is located at the lower right corner of the acoustic unit 512, so that the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit 512 is close to the user's ear canal.
  • the position of the first sound guide hole shown in Figure 5(b) is lower than that of the first sound guide hole shown in Figure 5(a), that is, Figure 5
  • the position of the first sound guide hole shown in (b) is closer to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the position of the first sound guide hole shown in FIG. 5(b) can be regarded as the vicinity of the area 5 or the area 8 shown in FIG. 4 . .
  • the structure of the sound-generating device shown in FIG. 5( c ) is roughly the same as that of the sound-generating device shown in FIG. 5( b ), the difference is that the acoustic unit 513 in the sound-generating device shown in FIG. ) in the sound-generating device shown in a different connection position between the acoustic unit 512 and the temple structure.
  • one side of the acoustic unit 513 with a shorter length is connected to the wearing piece, and one side of the acoustic unit 513 with a longer length is connected to the wearing piece at an angle (for example, less than 90°),
  • the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit 513 is made closer to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the acoustic unit 513 When the user wears the sound-generating device, the acoustic unit 513 may be located on the front side of the auricle, wherein a longer side of the acoustic unit 513 is inclined toward the user's ear canal opening, so that the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit 513 closer to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the position of the first sound guide hole shown in FIG. 5( b ) can be regarded as the vicinity of the area 6 or the area 9 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic unit provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic unit includes a casing 610 for carrying the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure of the acoustic unit (neither are shown in FIG. 6 ).
  • the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure are connected by a voice coil, the magnetic circuit structure is connected to the housing 610, the side of the diaphragm facing away from the magnetic circuit structure forms the front of the acoustic unit, and the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing away from the diaphragm forms the acoustic unit On the back of the unit, the diaphragm vibrates so that the acoustic unit radiates sound from its front and back, respectively.
  • the housing 610 and the diaphragm form a first acoustic chamber for radiating sound, the first acoustic chamber is acoustically coupled with a first sound guide hole, and the first sound guide hole is located in the first sound guide hole.
  • the acoustic chambers correspond to different side walls of the housing.
  • the first sound guide hole is close to the position of the user's ear canal opening.
  • the first sound guide hole may include a first hole part 621 and a second hole part 622, the first hole part 621 and the second hole part 622 are connected, wherein the first hole part 621 and the second hole part
  • the parts 622 are located at different side walls of the casing corresponding to the first acoustic chamber.
  • the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 are located at two adjacent side walls of the housing corresponding to the first acoustic chamber.
  • the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 are located at two adjacent edges of the casing corresponding to the first acoustic chamber.
  • the length of the sidewall where the first hole portion 621 is located may be greater than the length of the sidewall where the second hole portion 622 is located. That is to say, the first hole portion 621 is located on the side wall of the casing 610 with the longer length, and the second hole portion 622 is located on the side wall with the shorter length of the casing 610 .
  • the acoustic unit is located on the wearing piece (eg, the wearing piece 510 shown in FIG.
  • the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 of the first sound guide hole may be closer to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 shown in FIG. 6 are located at the lower right corner of the housing 610 .
  • the position of the acoustic unit may be located at the front side of the user's auricle as shown in FIG.
  • the first hole portion 621 cannot directly face the user's ear canal at this time, which affects the user's hearing experience.
  • the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 are used as the equivalent sound outlet 623 here. End connection area.
  • the equivalent sound outlet 623 may face the user's ear canal.
  • the acoustic unit may include at least one resonance frequency, and the resonance frequency is positively correlated with the area of the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit. That is, the larger the area of the first sound guide hole 620 is, the higher the resonance frequency is. high.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the acoustic unit is relatively flat in the frequency band less than the resonant frequency, and at this time, the acoustic unit has a better acoustic output effect in a wider frequency range.
  • the acoustic unit is provided with a second hole portion 622 on the basis of the first hole portion 621, so that the first sound guide hole can be directed towards the user's ear canal opening, and the area of the first sound guide hole can also be increased, so that the The resonance frequency of the acoustic unit is increased, thereby improving the acoustic output effect of the acoustic unit.
  • the first hole portion 621 is used as the main output portion of the frontal sound of the acoustic unit, and the length of the first hole portion 621 can be relatively large. The higher the resonance frequency of the sound hole, the better the acoustic output of the acoustic unit in a wider frequency range.
  • the ratio of the length of the first hole portion 621 to the length of the sidewall where it is located is less than 0.9. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the first hole portion 621 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.3 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the first hole portion 621 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.4 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the first hole portion 621 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.5 to 0.7.
  • the length of the second hole portion 622 is not less than 1/6 of the length of the side wall where it is located. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the second hole portion 622 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.1 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the second hole portion 622 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 1/6 to 2/3. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the second hole portion 622 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.2 to 0.6. In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the second hole portion 622 to the length of the sidewall where it is located ranges from 0.3 to 0.5. In some embodiments, the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 may have regular or irregular shapes such as a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, an ellipse, and a semicircle.
  • the housing 610 of the acoustic unit is not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped structure shown in FIG. 6 , and may also be other regular or irregular structures such as a cylinder, a ladder structure, and a triangular prism.
  • the length of the side wall where the first hole portion 621 is located may be the same as the length of the side wall where the second hole portion 622 is located, or the length of the side wall where the first hole portion 621 is located is smaller than the length of the side wall where the second hole portion 622 is located side wall length.
  • the schematic diagram provided in FIG. 6 is for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Various variations and modifications can be made to those skilled in the art under the guidance of the present application. And these deformations and modifications will fall within the scope of protection being applied for.
  • one or more features such as the shape, size, and position of the original shown in the figures can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • the length of the first hole portion 621 may be greater than, equal to or less than the length of the second hole portion 622
  • the cross-sectional area of the first hole portion 621 may be greater than, equal to or smaller than that of the second hole portion 622 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of different acoustic units according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic unit 710 may include a housing 711 and an acoustic transducer 712 .
  • the housing 711 may be a cuboid structure with a hollow interior.
  • the casing 711 may also be other regular or irregular structures such as a cylinder, a ladder-like structure, a triangular prism, and the like.
  • the acoustic transducer 712 is used to convert a signal containing acoustic information into an acoustic signal.
  • the acoustic transducer 712 may include a diaphragm and a magnetic circuit structure, the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure are connected by a voice coil, and the magnetic circuit structure is connected with the housing 711 .
  • the internal magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure changes in response to signals containing sound (ie, electrical signals), the voice coil vibrates under the action of the magnetic circuit structure, the diaphragm vibrates in response to the vibration of the voice coil, and the diaphragm drives the housing 711 The air inside vibrates, which creates sound waves.
  • the side of the diaphragm of the acoustic transducer 712 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure is the front side of the diaphragm
  • the other side of the diaphragm of the acoustic transducer 712 is the back side of the diaphragm
  • the diaphragm vibrates so that Radiates sound from its front and back, respectively.
  • the housing 711 and the diaphragm form a first acoustic chamber 713 for radiating sound
  • the housing 711 and the magnetic circuit structure form a second acoustic chamber 714 for radiating sound.
  • the acoustic unit 710 may further include a first sound guide hole 715, and the first sound guide hole 715 is used for outputting the sound generated from the front of the diaphragm to the direction of the user's ear canal.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 is acoustically coupled with the first acoustic chamber 713 .
  • the first sound guide hole 715 is located on the side wall of the housing 711 where the first acoustic chamber 713 is located.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 may include a first hole portion 7151 and a second hole portion 7152 , wherein the first hole portion 7151 is located at different side walls of the housing 711 corresponding to the first acoustic chamber 713 .
  • the length of the side wall where the first hole portion 7151 is located is greater than the length of the side wall where the second hole portion 7152 is located, that is to say, the first hole portion 7151 is located on the side with the larger length of the housing 711 On the wall, the second hole portion 7152 is located on the side wall of the casing 711 with a smaller length.
  • the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 may be closer to the position of the user's ear canal opening.
  • the acoustic unit 710 When the user wears the sound-generating device, the position of the acoustic unit 710 may be located at the front side of the user's auricle, where the acoustic unit 710 is disposed obliquely, and the first hole portion 7151 may be in contact with other parts of the user's ear (eg, the tragus). At this time, the hole portion 7151 cannot face the user's ear canal, which affects the user's hearing experience.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 can be better towards the user's ear canal opening.
  • the acoustic unit 710 may further include a second sound guide hole 716, and the second sound guide hole 716 is used to transmit the sound emitted from the back of the diaphragm to the external environment.
  • the second sound guide hole 716 is located on one side wall of the housing 711 corresponding to the second acoustic chamber 714 , and the second sound guide hole 716 is acoustically coupled with the second acoustic chamber 714 .
  • the second sound guide hole 716 is disposed opposite to the first sound guide hole 715 .
  • the rearward arrangement here can be understood as the openings of the second sound guide hole 716 and the first sound guide hole 715 are facing opposite or can be approximately regarded as opposite.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 is located on the first side wall and the second side wall of the casing 711, and the first side wall and the second side wall are two adjacent side walls in the casing 711, wherein the first The first hole portion 7151 of the sound guide hole 715 is located on the first side wall, the second hole portion 7152 of the first sound guide hole 715 is located on the second side wall, and the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 communicate with each other.
  • the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 are acoustically coupled with the first acoustic chamber 713 .
  • the second sound guide hole 716 is located on the third side wall opposite to the second side wall, and the second sound guide hole 716 is acoustically coupled with the second acoustic chamber 714 .
  • the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 of the first sound guide hole 715 face the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole 716 faces away from the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole 715 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 716 meet certain conditions (for example, the phase difference is about 180°), which can form dipole-like radiation.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 716 can be inversely canceled, thereby reducing the sound leakage volume of the acoustic unit 710 in the far field and preventing the sound output by the acoustic unit 710 from being heard by nearby people.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening is too small, which will cause the sound output by the second sound guide hole 715 near the user's ear canal opening and the sound output by the first sound guide hole 715
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening may be greater than 1 cm.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening is less than 8 cm.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.5 cm to 7 cm. Further preferably, the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.5 cm to 5 cm.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the opening of the user's ear canal may range from 2 cm to 4.5 cm. Further preferably, the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 2.5 cm to 4 cm.
  • the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the first sound guide can be increased as much as possible. The ratio between the distance between the aperture 715 and the user's ear canal opening.
  • the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may be greater than 1.2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.2 to 8. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.2 to 7.
  • the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.3 to 6. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may be in the range of 1.4-5. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may be in the range of 1.5-3. In some embodiments, the ratio between the distance between the second sound guide hole 716 and the user's ear canal opening and the distance between the first sound guide hole 715 and the user's ear canal opening may range from 1.5 to 2.5.
  • the angle ⁇ formed by the connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the connection line M between the center of mass O of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening can be adjusted so that the The direction of the dipole-like radiation formed by the sound output by a sound guide hole (including the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 ) and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 630 is directed to the ear canal of the user, thereby improving the wearing acoustics of the user.
  • the center of mass O of the diaphragm can be approximately regarded as the center point of the diaphragm, and the process of adjusting the included angle ⁇ can be regarded as the acoustic unit rotating with the center of mass O of the diaphragm as the center of rotation.
  • the connecting line M of the crossing can be approximately regarded as a straight line with a fixed position, and by adjusting (for example, reducing) the included angle ⁇ , the first hole portion 621 of the first sound guide hole can be inclined relative to the user's tragus, so that the The area of a hole portion 621 directly opposite to the user's tragus is reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the tragus on the sound output by the first hole portion 621 .
  • the connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the center of mass O of the diaphragm are connected to the user's ear.
  • the included angle ⁇ formed by the connecting line M of the crossing may be less than 60°.
  • connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the center of mass O of the diaphragm are connected to the user's ear canal orifice.
  • the included angle ⁇ formed by the connecting line M may be less than 45°.
  • the included angle ⁇ formed by the connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the connection line M between the center of mass O of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening may be less than 35°.
  • the included angle ⁇ formed by the connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the connection line M between the center of mass O of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening may be less than 20°. More preferably, the included angle ⁇ formed by the connection line L between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 630 and the connection line M between the center of mass O of the diaphragm and the user's ear canal opening may be less than 10°.
  • the positions and sizes of the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 in the first sound guide hole may also be adjusted.
  • the specific content of the positions and sizes of the first hole portion 621 and the second hole portion 622 reference may be made to the specific content of the above-mentioned FIG. 6 .
  • connection line between the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole 620 may be the connection line between the geometric centers of the two sound guide holes, or the geometry of the equivalent sound guide hole 623 corresponding to the first sound guide hole The connection between the center and the geometric center corresponding to the equivalent sound guide hole of the second sound guide hole 630 .
  • the diaphragm can be set parallel, perpendicular or inclined with respect to the contact surface of the acoustic unit and the user's face, and can be specifically adjusted in practical application scenarios.
  • the parameters of the first sound guide hole, the center of mass of the diaphragm, and the ear canal opening reference may be made to the descriptions elsewhere in the specification of this application, such as FIG. 4 and its related descriptions.
  • Fig. 7(b) is a schematic structural diagram of another acoustic unit provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the structure of the acoustic unit 720 shown in FIG. 7(b) is substantially the same as the structure of the acoustic unit 710 shown in FIG.
  • the structure and distribution of the sound holes 726 are different from those of the second sound guide holes 716 of the acoustic unit 710 shown in FIG. 7( a ).
  • the housing 721 , the acoustic transducer 722 , the first acoustic chamber 723 , the second acoustic chamber 724 , and the first sound guide hole 725 in FIG. 7( b ) are respectively the same as the housing shown in FIG.
  • the second sound guide hole 726 may include a third hole portion 7261 and a second hole portion 7262, and the third hole portion 7261 and the second hole portion 7262 are acoustically coupled with the second acoustic chamber 724, Used to output the sound from the back of the acoustic unit 720.
  • the third hole portion 7261 and the first hole portion (refer to the first hole portion 7151 in FIG.
  • the fourth hole portion 7262 is opposite to the first hole portion 7262 .
  • the second hole portion (refer to the second hole portion 7152 in FIG. 7( a )) of the sound guide hole 725 is disposed in the opposite direction.
  • the third hole portion 7261 is located on the fourth side wall opposite to the position of the first side wall where the first hole portion of the first sound guide hole 725 is located, and the fourth hole portion 7262 is located on the side of the first sound guide hole 725 On the third side wall opposite to the second side wall where the second hole is located.
  • the first hole portion and the second hole portion of the first sound guide hole 725 face the user's ear canal opening, and the third hole portion 7261 and the fourth hole portion 7262 of the second sound guide hole 726 face away from the user. ear canal.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole 725 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 726 meet certain conditions (for example, the phase difference is about 180°), which can form dipole-like radiation.
  • the first sound guide hole 725 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 726 can be inversely canceled, thereby reducing the sound leakage volume of the acoustic unit 720 in the far field and preventing the sound output by the acoustic unit 720 from being heard by nearby people.
  • Fig. 7(c) is a schematic structural diagram of yet another acoustic unit provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the structure of the acoustic unit 730 shown in FIG. 7( c ) is substantially the same as that of the acoustic unit 710 shown in FIG. 7( a ), except that the acoustic unit 730 shown in FIG. 7( c ) is not provided with the second acoustic unit Chamber.
  • the housing 731 , the acoustic transducer unit 732 , the first acoustic chamber 733 , and the first sound guide hole 735 in FIG. 7( c ) are respectively the same as the housing 711 and the acoustic transducer 712 shown in FIG.
  • the acoustic unit 730 may include a housing 731 and an acoustic transducer unit 732 .
  • the magnetic circuit structure of the acoustic transducer unit 732 may include a magnetic conductive cover (not shown in FIG. 7( c )), the magnetic conductive cover is away from the diaphragm, and a part of the magnetic conductive cover serves as a side wall of the housing of the acoustic unit. It can be understood here that the magnetic conductive cover may be a side wall of the housing 731 .
  • the acoustic unit 730 may include one or more second sound guide holes 736, wherein the second sound guide holes 736 may be located on the magnetic guide cover.
  • the shape of the second sound guide hole 736 may be a regular or irregular shape such as a circle, a semi-circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrangle (eg, a rectangle), a pentagon, and the like. In some embodiments, when the number of the second sound guide holes 736 is multiple, the shapes of the second sound guide holes 736 may be the same or different.
  • the first and second holes of the first sound guide hole 735 face the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole 736 faces away from the user's face area, where the first sound guide hole 735
  • the sound output by the second sound guide hole 736 can be approximately regarded as being perpendicular to the human face, and the sound output by the first sound guide hole 735 and the second sound guide hole 736 is reflected by the human face (which can be approximately regarded as a baffle). , the dipole becomes a quadrupole, resulting in a dipole-like sound radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 7(d) is a schematic structural diagram of another acoustic unit provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the structure of the acoustic unit 740 shown in FIG. 7(d) is substantially the same as that of the acoustic unit 710 shown in FIG. 7(a), and the difference lies in that the second lead in the acoustic unit 720 shown in FIG.
  • the structure and distribution of the sound holes 746 are different from those of the second sound guide holes 716 of the acoustic unit 710 shown in FIG. 7( a ).
  • the housing 741 , the acoustic transducer 742 , the first acoustic chamber 743 , the second acoustic chamber 744 , and the first sound guide hole 745 in FIG. 7( d ) are respectively the same as the housing shown in FIG. 7( a ).
  • 711 , the acoustic transducer 712 , the first acoustic chamber 713 , the second acoustic chamber 714 , and the first acoustic guide hole 715 are similar in structure and will not be repeated here. As shown in FIG.
  • the second sound guide hole 746 is located on the side wall of the housing 741 that is directly opposite to the magnetic conducting plate, and the second sound guide hole 746 is acoustically coupled with the second acoustic chamber 744 for output Sound from the back of the acoustic unit 742.
  • the first hole portion and the second hole portion of the first sound guide hole 745 face the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole 746 faces away from the user's face area.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole 745 and the second sound guide hole 746 becomes a quadrupole under the reflection of the human face (which can be approximately regarded as a baffle), thereby producing a dipole similar to the sound. Sound radiation pattern.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the frequency response of different acoustic units according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the solid line (a) is the frequency response curve of the acoustic unit 710 in FIG. 7(a)
  • the dotted line b is the frequency response curve of the acoustic unit 720 in FIG.
  • the dotted line c is the frequency response curve of the acoustic unit 720 in FIG. 7(b).
  • the three frequency response curves all have a formant 810 near 4 kHz, and the formant 810 is mainly caused by the first acoustic chamber (eg, the first acoustic chamber 713 , the first acoustic chamber 723 , the first acoustic chamber 733) and the first sound guide holes (for example, the first sound guide hole 715, the first sound guide hole 725, the first sound guide hole 735), due to the In 7(b) and 7(c), the first acoustic chamber of the three acoustic units has the same structure as the first sound guide hole, and the resonance peaks of the three frequency response curves at the vicinity of 4 kHz coincide with each other.
  • the first acoustic chamber of the three acoustic units has the same structure as the first sound
  • the corresponding frequency response curve a has a formant 811 near 2.6 kHz.
  • the corresponding frequency response curve b has a formant 812 near 3.2 kHz.
  • the corresponding resonance frequency of the resonance frequency peak 813 in the frequency response curve c is Relatively high, the resonant frequency of the resonant frequency peak 813 is around 7 kHz.
  • a specific frequency band for example, 1000Hz-1000Hz
  • the volume of the second acoustic chamber can also be reduced to increase the resonance frequency corresponding to the resonance peak (eg, the resonance peak 811 and the resonance peak 812 ) caused by the second acoustic chamber.
  • the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole are arranged away from or approximately opposite to each other, and when the user wears the sound-emitting device, the line connecting the center of the first sound guide hole and the center of the second sound guide hole It can be pointed at the user's ear canal opening.
  • the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole are arranged at the back or approximately backward, and the first sound guide hole is close to the user's ear canal, which can ensure that the acoustic unit provides the user with a larger listening volume, and the other is
  • the second sound guide hole facing away from the user's ear canal can prevent the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the sound output by the second sound guide hole from interfering at the position of the user's ear canal opening.
  • the sound and the sound output from the second sound guide hole can be approximately regarded as forming a dipole, which cancels each other out in the far field.
  • the foregoing one or more embodiments are only for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the structure and shape of the acoustic unit.
  • the acoustic unit can be deformed to obtain an acoustic unit different from the embodiment of the present application.
  • a part of the second sound guide hole of the acoustic unit may be located at the side wall corresponding to the second acoustic chamber, and the other part may be located at the magnetic guide cover of the magnetic circuit structure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution of different acoustic units at the ear according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic units in diagrams a, b, c and d in FIG. 9 may correspond to diagrams a, b, c and d in FIG. 7 , respectively.
  • the first sound guide hole 715 is located at the lower right corner of the acoustic unit 710
  • the second sound guide hole 716 is located at the upper left corner of the acoustic unit 710 .
  • the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 of the first sound guide hole 715 are close to the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole 716 faces away from the user's ear canal opening, wherein the The line connecting the center of the first sound guide hole 715 and the center of the second sound guide hole 716 points to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the center of the first sound guide hole 715 and the center of the second sound guide hole 716 are substantially on the same straight line with the user's ear canal opening.
  • the center of the sound guide hole here may be the geometric center of the guide sound hole, or the geometric center of the equivalent sound guide hole. For example, in FIG.
  • the equivalent sound guide hole of the first sound guide hole 715 can be regarded as the area connecting the two ends with the largest distance between the first hole portion 7151 and the second hole portion 7152 .
  • the center of the sound hole 715 may be the geometric center of the equivalent sound guide hole.
  • the second sound guide hole 716 has a rectangular shape, and the center of the second sound guide hole 716 is the geometric center of the rectangle.
  • the center of the first sound guide hole 725 may be the geometric center of the equivalent sound guide hole.
  • the second sound guide hole 726 includes a third hole part and a fourth hole part, and the equivalent sound guide hole of the second sound guide hole 726 can be regarded as the area connecting the two ends with the largest distance between the third hole part and the fourth hole part , where the center of the second sound guide hole 726 may be the center of the equivalent sound guide hole.
  • the center of the first sound guide hole 735 is the center of the equivalent sound guide hole.
  • the second sound guide hole 736 includes a plurality of sub sound guide holes, and the center of the second sound guide hole 736 may be the geometric center of the plurality of sub sound guide holes.
  • the center of the first sound guide hole 745 is the center of the equivalent sound guide hole.
  • the center of the second sound guide hole 746 is its geometric center.
  • FIG. 10A is a radiation directivity diagram when the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole in the acoustic unit based on FIG. 7( b ) are disposed away from each other.
  • the radiation directivity pattern approximately presents an “8” shape, wherein the main lobe direction of the “8” shape corresponds to the direction of the connecting line in FIG. Deep means the higher the sound pressure level of the sound.
  • the position of the human ear is in the main lobe area of the "8" shape (for example, the main lobe area 1010, the main lobe area 1020), the sound pressure level of the sound heard by the user's ear is the highest, and the vertical main lobe area
  • the sound pressure level of the sound in the lobe direction is relatively small, and the space perpendicular to the main lobe direction faces the external space, which can effectively reduce sound leakage in the space and ensure a certain degree of privacy.
  • FIG. 10B is a radiation directivity diagram based on the acoustic unit in FIG. 7( c ) that does not include the second acoustic chamber.
  • Fig. 10B is relative to Fig. 10A, and the radiation directivity diagram of Fig. 10B is substantially the same as the radiation directivity diagram of the acoustic unit opening facing away from Fig. 7(b). It can be seen from this that, from a structural point of view, the first sound guide hole 715 and the second sound guide hole 716 in FIG. 7( c ) are not set back, but due to the existence of boundary conditions (for example, human faces), the first sound guide hole 715 and the second sound guide hole 716 in FIG. The sound output from the first sound guide hole 715 and the sound output from the second sound guide hole 716 are acoustically considered to be approximately opposite to each other.
  • boundary conditions for example, human faces
  • FIG. 11 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the emission of a dipole with respect to a human face according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first sound-guiding hole of the acoustic unit faces the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound-guiding hole faces away from the user's face, where the sound output by the first sound-guiding hole is a sound wave 1110, the sound output by the second sound guide hole is a sound wave 1120, and the sound wave 1110 and the sound wave 1120 can form dipole-like radiation.
  • the sound radiated by the sound waves 1110 and 1120 to the outside world can be approximately regarded as being perpendicular to the face.
  • the sound waves 1110 and 1120 are reflected by the user's face to form the sound waves 1130 and 1140 that are symmetrical with the sound waves 1110 and 1120.
  • the sound waves 1110 and 1120 are The dipole formed by the sound wave 1120 becomes a quadrupole, resulting in a sound radiation pattern similar to that of a dipole.
  • the effective area of the second sound guide hole is the same as that of the second sound guide hole.
  • the ratio of the difference between the effective areas of the first sound guide holes to the effective area of the first sound guide holes or the effective area of the second sound guide holes is not greater than 40%. In some embodiments, the difference between the effective area of the second sound guide hole and the effective area of the first sound guide hole and the ratio of the effective area of the first sound guide hole or the effective area of the second sound guide hole not more than 30%.
  • the effective area here can be defined as the product of its actual area and the porosity of the covered acoustic resistance net, that is, the area through which air can penetrate from the opening.
  • the effective area of the sound guide hole is the product of the actual area of the sound guide hole and the porosity of the covered sound resistance net.
  • the effective area of the sound guide hole is the actual area of the sound guide hole.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a sound generating device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound generating device may include a wearing member 1210 and an acoustic unit 1220 .
  • the acoustic unit 1220 has a cuboid structure, a side with a smaller length in the acoustic unit 1220 is connected with the wearing piece 1210, and a side with a longer length in the acoustic unit 1220 is connected with the wearing piece at an angle, so that the first side of the lower right corner of the acoustic unit 1220 is connected to the wearing piece 1210 at an angle.
  • a sound guide hole is closer to the user's ear canal opening, and the second sound guide hole in the upper left corner of the acoustic unit 1220 faces away from the ear canal opening.
  • the acoustic unit 1220 and the wearing member 1210 are arranged at an angle. When the user wears the sound producing device, the first sound guide hole of the acoustic unit 1220 can be made closer to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the included angle ⁇ between a side with a longer length in the acoustic unit 1220 and the wearing member 1210 may be 5°-85°. In some embodiments, the included angle ⁇ may be 10°-70°. In some embodiments, the included angle ⁇ may be 15°-60°.
  • the included angle ⁇ may be 20°-45°. In some embodiments, the included angle ⁇ may be 30°-90°.
  • the acoustic unit and the wearing piece may be an integrally formed structure, and the acoustic unit is located in the wearing piece.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figs. 14A and 14B are structural schematic diagrams of the wearing piece in Fig. 13 from different viewing angles. 13 , 14A and 14B
  • the wearing member 1300 is provided with a concave section 1320 and a connecting section 1310 connected to the concave section 1320 .
  • the concave section 1320 makes the upper edge of the wearing piece 1300 have a downward depression on the wearing piece.
  • the flexibility of the concave section 1320 can be increased.
  • the wearing piece 1300 is suitable for adaptive deformation according to the user's head shape, so that it is easier for the user to wear.
  • the recessed section 1320 has an acoustic unit (not shown in the figure) within. The recessed section 1320 may be used to mount the acoustic unit and bring the acoustic unit close to the user's ear.
  • the connecting section 1310 can be used to connect the concave section 1320 to the visual element of the sound-emitting device and to be mounted on the user's auricle.
  • the recessed section 1320 may be physically connected to the connecting section 1310 (eg, glued, inlaid, welded, riveted, screwed, snapped, etc.).
  • the recessed section 1320 may position the acoustic unit in front of the user's ear.
  • the front of the ear mentioned here can be understood as the side of the user's ear facing the user's face.
  • the concave section 1320 may be located on the side of the ear facing the user's eyes, so that the acoustic unit disposed on the concave section 1320 is closer to the user's ear canal, and the sound signal emitted by the acoustic unit can be transmitted more easily to the user's ear.
  • the recessed section 1320 may be provided in any practicable shape.
  • the shape of the concave section 1320 can be understood as the shape of the structure of the concave section 1320 or the concave shape of the concave section 1320 .
  • Exemplary shapes of the concave section 20 may include, but are not limited to, a Y shape, a V shape, and a folded shape, and several exemplary concave sections will be described below.
  • the recessed section 1320 may include a transition portion 1321 and a mounting portion 1322 that are connected at an angle.
  • the acoustic unit may be provided in the mounting part 1322 .
  • the transition portion 1321 is connected to the connecting section 1310 by bending and extending downward, so as to extend toward the user's ear canal opening when wearing, and shorten the distance between the acoustic unit disposed therein and the ear canal opening.
  • the transition portion 1321 may refer to a portion of the concave section 1320 that is closer to the visual element.
  • the mounting portion 1322 may refer to the portion of the recessed section 1320 that is closer to the user's ear.
  • the transition portion 1321 and the mounting portion 1322 may have different or the same shape, and the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 of the concave section 1320 may be connected at any angle to form the concave section 1320 with different shapes.
  • the connection between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 of the concave section 1320 at any angle may mean that the included angle formed by the connection of the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be any angle.
  • the angle of the included angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be in the range of 15 degrees to 150 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle of the included angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be in the range of 30 degrees to 150 degrees.
  • the angle of the included angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be in the range of 45 degrees to 135 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be in the range of 60 degrees to 120 degrees. In some embodiments, the angle of the included angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be in the range of 75 degrees to 90 degrees. For example, the included angle formed between the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, or 120 degrees.
  • the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may be connected in a detachable manner, such as screwing or plugging.
  • the connection section 1310 and the concave section 1320 may be fixedly connected, for example, the connection section 1310 and the concave section 1320 are connected by welding, riveting, bonding and the like.
  • the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may also be directly connected, or may be connected through an adjustment structure.
  • the adjustment structure can be a hinge, a spherical hinge or a telescopic rod.
  • the adjustment structure may allow the mounting portion 1322 to rotate or translate relative to the transition portion 1321 .
  • the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 may also be a one-piece structure.
  • the concave section 1320 may be V-shaped, that is, the concave shape formed by the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 is V-shaped.
  • One end of the mounting portion 1322 is connected to the portion of the connecting segment 1310 away from the visible component (eg, the first connecting segment 1312 ), and the other end extends downward, and the included angle formed by the mounting portion 1322 and the connecting segment 1310 is approximately 90 degrees.
  • One end of the transition portion 1321 is connected to the part of the connecting segment 1310 close to the visual element (eg, the second connecting segment 1311 ), and the other end extends toward the user's tragus and is inclined relative to the connecting segment 1310 at a certain angle.
  • the mounting portion 1322 is connected with the transition portion 1321 and forms a downward V-shaped depression.
  • the concave section 1320 can be deformed to obtain a concave section 1320 different from the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shapes of the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 can be adjusted so that the shape of the concave section 1320 formed by the mounting portion 1322 and the transition portion 1321 is U-shaped.
  • the wearing member 1300 may include a plurality of recessed segments 1320, each of which may have a different shape.
  • the wearing piece 1300 may include two concave sections 1320, wherein one concave section 1320 has a V-shaped structure, and the other concave section 1320 has a Y-shaped structure.
  • the connecting section 1310 may include a first connecting section 1312 and a second connecting section 1311 .
  • the concave section 1320 is connected between the first connecting section 1312 and the second connecting section 1311 .
  • the first connecting section 1312 is used to be erected on the auricle.
  • the second connecting section 1311 is used to connect the visual element.
  • the second connecting segment 1311 may be in the shape of a straight bar, connected to one end of the mounting portion 1322 and extending away from the first connecting segment 1312 .
  • the concave section 1320 extends downward relative to the first connecting section 1312 and the second connecting section 1311 , and forms a convex shape relative to the first connecting section 1312 and the second connecting section 1311 , and is formed with a depression.
  • the concave section 1320 when the wearing member 1300 is erected on the user's auricle, the concave section 1320 may be located on the side of the auricle facing the user's eyes, so that when the user wears it, the concave section 1320 extends to the tragus, so that The acoustic unit disposed in the concave section 1320 is then close to the tragus, so as to be closer to the user's external auditory canal, which shortens the distance between the acoustic unit and the user's ear, thereby making it easier to transmit sound to the user.
  • the acoustic unit (not shown in the figure) may be located inside the mounting portion 1322, the mounting portion 1322 is a hollow shell structure, and the mounting portion 1322 may serve as a shell of the acoustic unit.
  • the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure of the acoustic unit are connected by a voice coil, the magnetic circuit structure is connected to the mounting portion 1322, the side of the diaphragm away from the magnetic circuit structure is the front side of the diaphragm, and the other side of the diaphragm The back of the diaphragm, which vibrates so that it radiates sound outward from its front and back, respectively.
  • the mounting portion 1322 and the diaphragm form a first acoustic chamber for radiating sound
  • the first acoustic chamber is acoustically coupled with the first sound guide hole 1330
  • the first sound guide hole 1330 is located at the first At different side walls of the corresponding installation part 1322 of the acoustic chamber.
  • the first sound guide hole 1330 is located on the side wall of the mounting portion 1322 away from the transition portion 1321 . When the user wears the sound producing device, the first sound guide hole 1330 is close to the position of the user's ear canal opening.
  • the first sound guide hole 1330 may include a first hole part 1331 and a second hole part 1332 , the first hole part 1331 is located on the side wall of the mounting part 1322 away from the transition part 1321 , and the second hole part 1332 On the bottom side wall of the mounting portion 1322, the first hole portion 1331 and the second hole portion 1332 are connected.
  • the acoustic unit further includes a second sound guide hole 1340, and the second sound guide hole 1340 is used to transmit the sound emitted from the back of the acoustic unit to the external environment.
  • the second sound guide holes 1340 are located on different side walls of the mounting portion 1322 corresponding to the second acoustic chamber, and the second sound guide holes 1340 are acoustically coupled with the second acoustic chamber.
  • the second sound guide holes 1340 are disposed opposite to the first sound guide holes 1330 .
  • the opposite arrangement here can be understood as the openings of the second sound guide hole 1340 and the first sound guide hole 1330 are oriented in opposite directions or can be approximately regarded as opposite.
  • the second sound guide hole includes a third hole portion 1341 and a fourth hole portion 1342 , wherein the third hole portion 1341 is located on the side wall of the mounting portion 1322 near the transition portion 1321 , and the fourth hole portion is located at the top of the mounting portion 1322 .
  • the first hole portion 1331 and the second hole portion 1332 of the first sound guide hole 1330 face the user's ear canal opening, and the third hole portion 1341 and the fourth hole portion 1342 of the second sound guide hole 1340 are back to the user's ear canal.
  • the sound output by the first sound guide hole 1330 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 1340 meet certain conditions (for example, the phase difference is about 180°), which can form dipole-like radiation.
  • the first sound guide hole 1330 and the sound output by the second sound guide hole 1340 can be inversely canceled, thereby reducing the sound leakage volume of the acoustic unit in the far field and preventing the sound output by the acoustic unit from being heard by nearby people.
  • first sound guide holes 1330 and the second sound guide holes 1340 can be deformed to obtain different results from the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first sound guide hole 1330 and the second sound guide hole 1340 can be adjusted so that the first sound guide hole 1330 or the second sound guide hole 1340 is located on one side wall of the mounting portion 1322 .
  • FIG. 7(b) For the details of the first sound guide hole 1330 and the second sound guide hole 1340, reference may be made to the contents elsewhere in this specification, such as FIG. 7(b) and its related description.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the wearing piece 1500 shown in FIG. 15 has substantially the same overall structure as the wearing piece 1300 shown in FIGS. 13 , 14A and 14B , and the difference is that the second sound guide hole 1540 of the wearing piece 1500 shown in FIG. Location varies.
  • the first connection section 1512, the second connection section 1511, the transition portion 1521, the mounting portion 1522, the first sound guide hole 1530, the first hole portion 1531 and the second hole portion 1532 in FIG. 15 are the same as those shown in FIG. 13, FIG.
  • the magnetic circuit structure of the acoustic unit may include a magnetic conducting cover (not shown in FIG. 15 ), the magnetic conducting cover faces away from the diaphragm, and a part of the structure of the magnetic conducting cover serves as a side wall of the mounting portion 1522 . It can be understood here that the magnetic conductive cover may be a side wall of the mounting portion 1522 .
  • the mounting portion 1522 may include one or more second sound guide holes 1540, wherein the second sound guide holes 1540 may be located on the magnetic guide cover.
  • the first sound guide holes 1530 and the second sound guide holes 1540 in the acoustic unit may be arranged approximately opposite to each other.
  • the first sound guide hole 1530 faces the user's ear canal
  • the second sound guide hole 1540 faces away from the user's face.
  • the number of the second sound guide holes 1540 is not limited to the two shown in FIG. 15 , and may also be one, three, or four, etc.
  • FIG. 7( c ) For details about the first sound guide hole 1530 and the second sound guide hole 1540, reference may be made to the contents elsewhere in this specification, such as FIG. 7( c ) and its related descriptions.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another wearing piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the wearing piece 1600 shown in FIG. 16 has substantially the same overall structure as the wearing piece 1600 shown in FIGS. 13 , 14A and 14B , and the difference lies in the Location varies.
  • the first connecting section 1612, the second connecting section 1611, the transition portion 1621, the mounting portion 1622, the first sound guide hole 1630, the first hole portion 1631 and the second hole portion 1632 in FIG. 16 are the same as those shown in FIG. 13, FIG.
  • the first connecting section 1312 , the second connecting section 1311 , the transition portion 1321 , the mounting portion 1322 , the first sound guide hole 1330 , the first hole portion 1331 and the second hole portion 1332 shown in FIG. 14B are similar.
  • the second sound guide hole 1640 is located on one side wall of the corresponding mounting portion 1622 of the second acoustic chamber.
  • the first sound guide hole 1630 faces the user's ear canal, and the second sound guide hole 1640 faces away from the user's face.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Various variations and modifications can be made to those skilled in the art under the guidance of the present application. And these deformations and modifications will fall within the scope of protection being applied for. In some embodiments, one or more features such as the shape, size, and position of the elements shown in the figures can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • the resonant frequency corresponding to the resonance peak of the acoustic unit may be lowered by reducing the volume of the second acoustic chamber, thereby improving the acoustic output effect of the acoustic unit.
  • the shape or volume of the second acoustic chamber of the acoustic unit is related to the position of the components of the acoustic transducer (eg, diaphragm, magnetic circuit structure) in the housing.
  • a second acoustic chamber is formed between the diaphragm and the casing, and the larger the distance between the diaphragm and the sidewalls located opposite to the casing, the larger the volume of the second acoustic chamber.
  • the volume of the second acoustic chamber can be reduced by reducing the distance between the diaphragm and the housing. In some embodiments, the volume of the second acoustic chamber can also be reduced by adjusting the structure of the housing.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of different acoustic units according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic unit 1710 may include a housing 1711 and an acoustic transducer 1712 .
  • the housing 1711 may be a hollow cuboid structure, and the housing 1711 may include a protruding portion 17111 that protrudes outward relative to a side wall of one side of the housing.
  • the acoustic transducer 1712 is used to convert a signal containing acoustic information into an acoustic signal.
  • the acoustic transducer 1712 may include a diaphragm and a magnetic circuit structure, the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit structure are connected by a voice coil, and the magnetic circuit structure is connected with the housing 1711 .
  • the internal magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure changes in response to signals containing sound (ie, electrical signals), the voice coil vibrates under the action of the magnetic circuit structure, the diaphragm vibrates in response to the vibration of the voice coil, and the diaphragm drives the housing 1711 The air inside vibrates, which creates sound waves.
  • the side of the diaphragm of the acoustic transducer 1712 facing away from the magnetic circuit structure is the front side of the diaphragm, and the other side of the diaphragm is the back side of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm vibrates from the front and back of the diaphragm, respectively. Radiated sound.
  • the housing 1711 and the front face of the diaphragm form a first acoustic chamber 1713 for radiating sound.
  • the magnetic guide cover of the magnetic circuit structure can be used as a complete side wall of the housing 1711 where the convex part 17111 is located or a part of the structure in a side wall.
  • a second acoustic cavity 1714 is formed between the raised portions 17111 .
  • the acoustic unit 1710 may further include a first sound guide hole 1715, and the first sound guide hole 1715 is used to output the sound generated on the front of the diaphragm to the user's ear canal opening.
  • the first sound guide hole 1715 is acoustically coupled with the first acoustic chamber 1713 .
  • the first sound guide hole 1715 is located on the side wall of the housing 1711 where the first acoustic chamber 1713 is located.
  • the acoustic unit 1710 may further include a second sound guide hole 1716, and the second sound guide hole 1716 is used to transmit the sound emitted from the back of the diaphragm to the external environment.
  • the second sound guide hole 1716 may be located on the magnetic guide cover, and the second sound guide hole 1716 on the magnetic guide cover may directly output the sound generated on the back of the diaphragm to the outside.
  • the second sound guide hole 1716 can also be located on the side wall of the convex portion 17111 corresponding to the second acoustic chamber 1714, and the sound generated on the back of the diaphragm can pass through the hole on the magnetic guide cover (in the figure (not shown) is transferred to the second acoustic chamber 1714, and then transferred to the external environment through the second sound guide holes 1716 provided on the convex portion 17111.
  • the shape and number of the second sound guide holes on the magnetic guide cover and the second sound guide holes on the protruding portion 17111 may be the same.
  • the shape of the second sound guide hole 1716 may be one or more of other regular or irregular shapes such as a rectangle, a circle, a semi-circle, an ellipse, a pentagon, a triangle, and the like.
  • the shape and number of the second sound guide holes on the magnetic conducting cover and the second sound guide holes on the protruding portion may also be different.
  • the second sound guide hole 1726 on the magnetic guide cover is a rectangle
  • the shape of the second sound guide hole 1726 on the convex portion is a triangle.
  • the orientations of the second sound guide holes on the magnetic guide cover and the second sound guide holes on the protruding portion may be the same or different.
  • the first The direction of the second sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole on the convex part is the same.
  • the direction of the second sound guide hole 1736 provided at the magnetic guide cover is different from that of the second sound guide hole 1736 provided on the convex portion.
  • the second sound guide holes (for example, the second sound guide hole 1716 , the second sound guide hole 1726 , the second sound guide hole 1736 ) in the above-mentioned embodiments are only used as examples.
  • the position, quantity, size, shape, etc. can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario, as long as the first sound guide hole and the second sound guide hole are set back, or the sound output by the first sound guide hole and the output of the second sound guide hole are satisfied. Sounds that are approximately backward are all within the scope of protection of this manual.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种发声装置，该发声装置包括振膜和壳体，壳体包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，振膜在壳体内，且第一导声孔和所述第二导声孔分别位于振膜两侧；当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔与用户耳道口距离小于振膜与用户耳道口的距离，第一导声孔与第二导声孔的连线和振膜的质心与用户耳道口的连线夹角范围小于45°，第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离大于振膜与用户耳道口的距离。

Description

一种发声装置
优先权信息
本申请要求2020年12月29日提交的国际申请号PCT/CN2020/140815的优先权，全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及音频设备技术领域，特别涉及一种发声装置。
背景技术
开放式音频设备相比传统入耳式耳机具有不堵耳、安全、舒适等优势。将开放式音频设备与可穿戴设备(例如，眼镜、VR)相结合，一方面可穿戴设备的结构(例如，眼镜腿)可以作为音频设备的结构依附和支撑；另一方面音频设备可以弥补佩戴传统可穿戴设备功能的单一性。比如，音频设备可以与特殊场景使用的可穿戴设备(例如，骑行专用眼镜、跑步专用眼镜等)相结合，可以极大提高运动中的乐趣，同时音频设备的开放式设计也保障了运动过程中的安全性。音频设备与可穿戴设备相结合时会增加可穿戴设备的重量，同时音频设备与耳朵相干涉(例如，堵塞耳道)也会影响用户的佩戴体验。
基于上述问题，本申请提供一种发声装置，该发声装置具有较佳的佩戴体验以及较好的听音效果和降漏音效果。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种发声装置，该发声装置包括振膜和壳体，所述壳体包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，所述振膜在壳体内，且所述第一导声孔和所述第二导声孔分别位于振膜两侧；当用户佩戴所述发声装置时，所述第一导声孔与所述用户耳道口距离小于所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离，所述第一导声孔与所述第二导声孔的连线和所述振膜的质心与所述用户耳道口的连线夹角范围小于45°，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离大于所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离。
在一些实施例中，述第一导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离为0.5cm-2.5cm。
在一些实施例中，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离为1.5cm-5cm。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜与所述用户的耳道口距离为1.5cm-3cm。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离与所述第一导声孔与所述用户的耳道口的距离的比值为1.4-3。
在一些实施例中，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离与所述第一导声孔与所述用户的耳道口的距离的比值为1.4-5。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体与所述振膜形成用于辐射声音的第一声学腔室，所述第一声学腔室与所述第一导声孔声学耦合，所述第一导声孔位于所述第一声学腔室对应的壳体的不同侧壁处。
在一些实施例中，所述第一导声孔包括第一孔部和第二孔部，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部相连接，其中，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部位于所述第一声学腔室对应的壳体的不同侧壁处。
在一些实施例中，所述第一孔部所在的侧壁长度大于所述第二孔部所在的侧壁长度。
在一些实施例中，所述第二孔部的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为1/6-2/3。
在一些实施例中，所述第二孔部的长度不小于其所在的侧壁长度的1/6。
在一些实施例中，所述发声装置还包括磁路结构，所述磁路结构与所述壳体连接，所述振膜通过音圈与所述磁路结构连接，所述壳体与所述磁路结构形成用于辐射声音的第二声学腔室，所述第二声学腔室与所述第二导声孔声学耦合，所述第二导声孔位于所述第二声学腔室对应的侧壁上。
在一些实施例中，所述发声装置的磁路结构包括导磁罩，所述导磁罩背离所述振膜，所述导磁罩的部分结构作为所述壳体的一个侧壁，所述第二导声孔位于所述导磁罩上。
在一些实施例中，所述第二导声孔的有效面积与所述第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与所述第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于40％。
在一些实施例中，所述发声装置包括佩戴件，所述佩戴件包括：连接段和下凹段，所述下凹段与所述连接段连接；其中，所述下凹段使所述佩戴件上边沿在所述佩戴件有向下的凹陷；所述 壳体与所述下凹段连接。
在一些实施例中，所述下凹段被配置为当所述用户佩戴所述佩戴件时，使所述下凹段靠近所述用户耳部，所述下凹段使所述第一导声孔位于用户耳部附近。
在一些实施例中，所述下凹段包括呈角度连接的安装部和过渡部，所述壳体设置于所述安装部或所述过渡部，所述过渡部和所述安装部中的与所述连接段弯折连接并向下延伸。
在一些实施例中，所述角度的范围为15°-150°。
在一些实施例中，所述连接段包括第一连接段，所述过渡部连接于所述安装部和所述第一连接段之间，且所述过渡部与所述第一连接段弯折连接并向下延伸。
在一些实施例中，所述连接段还包括第二连接段，所述第二连接段与所述安装部的一端连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一导声孔设置于以下至少一处：所述下凹段朝向用户头部的内侧、所述下凹段朝向用户耳屏的棱边或所述下凹段朝向用户耳屏的侧面。
在一些实施例中，所述佩戴件包括左耳佩戴部以及右耳佩戴部，分别用于架设在用户的左、右耳。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请一些实施例所示的发声装置的示例性框架图；
图2是根据本申请一些实施例所示的一种发声装置的结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种发声装置的结构示意图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元在不同位置的声压级图；
图5是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元在不同位置的分布示意图；
图6是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元的结构示意图；
图7是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元的频率响应曲线图；
图9是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元在耳朵处的分布示意图；
图10A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元的辐射指向性图；
图10B是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元的辐射指向性图；
图11是根据本申请一些实施例所示的偶极子关于人脸反射的示例性原理图；
图12是根据本申请一些实施例所示的发声装置的结构示意图；
图13是根据本申请一些实施例所示的一种佩戴件的结构示意图；
图14A是根据本申请一些实施例所示的佩戴件的结构示意图；
图14B是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一视角的佩戴件的结构示意图；
图15是根据本申请一些实施例所示的一种佩戴件的结构示意图；
图16是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种佩戴件的结构示意图；
图17是本申请一些实施例所示的声学单元的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模块”是用于区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。
本说明书实施例描述了一种发声装置。在一些实施例中，该发声装置可以包括振膜和壳体。在一些实施例中，壳体包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，所述振膜在壳体内，且第一导声孔和第二导 声孔分别位于振膜两侧，当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔与用户耳道口距离小于振膜与用户耳道口的距离，第二导声孔与用户耳道口的距离大于振膜与用户耳道口的距离，可以使得第一导声孔靠近用户耳道口，第二导声孔背向用户的耳道口，第一导声孔输出的声音和第二导声孔输出满足特定条件(例如，相位差约为180°)的声音，可以形成类偶极子辐射，在远场，第一导声孔输出的声音和第二导声孔输出的声音可以反相相消，从而降低发声装置在远场的漏音音量，防止发声装置输出的声音被附近的人听到。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与第二导声孔的连线和振膜质心与用户耳道口的连线夹角范围小于45°。当用户佩戴发声装置时，这里第一导声孔与第二导声孔的连线和振膜质心与用户耳道口的连线夹角为特定夹角(例如，小于45°)，第一导声孔输出的声音和第二导声孔输出的声音形成的类偶极子辐射的方向指向用户耳道，进而提高用户佩戴发声装置时的听音音量以及降低远场漏音音量。在一些实施例中，发声装置为具有音频功能的可穿戴设备(例如，眼镜、智能头盔等)时，一方面，发声装置的声学单元不与用户耳朵发生干涉(例如，堵塞耳道)，提高用户佩戴时的体验感；另一方面，也可以通过第一导声孔和第二导声孔的设置来保证其声学性能以及减少漏音。
图1是根据本申请一些实施例所示的发声装置的示例性框架图。如图1所示，发声装置100可以包括声学单元110和佩戴件120。
在一些实施例中，发声装置100可以包括眼镜、智能手环、耳机、助听器、智能头盔、智能手表、智能服装、智能背包、智能配件等，或其任意组合。例如，发声装置100可以是功能型的近视眼镜、老花镜、骑行眼镜或太阳镜等，也可以是智能化的眼镜，例如具有耳机功能的音频眼镜，该发声装置100还可以是头盔、增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)设备或虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)设备等头戴式设备。在一些实施例中，增强现实设备或虚拟现实设备可以包括虚拟现实头盔、虚拟现实眼镜、增强现实头盔、增强现实眼镜等或其任何组合。例如，虚拟现实设备和/或增强现实设备可以包括Google Glass、Oculus Rift、Hololens、Gear VR等。
声学单元110可以用于将含有声音信息的信号转化为声音信号。在一些实施例中，声音信号可以包括骨传导声波或气传导声波。例如，声学单元110可以响应于接收含有声音信息的信号，产生机械振动以输出声波(即声音信号)。例如，当声学单元110为气传导扬声器时，声学单元110可以包括壳体111、振动件112和磁路结构113，振动件112和磁路结构113容纳于壳体111中，振动件112和磁路结构113通过音圈(图1中未示出)连接，振动件112为振膜，磁路结构113的内部磁场响应于含有声音的信号(即电信号)发生变化，音圈在磁路结构113的作用下发生振动，振动件112(振膜)响应于音圈的振动而产生振动，振动件112带动壳体111内部的空气产生振动，从而产生声波。在一些实施例中，声学单元110还可以包括一个或多个导声孔，振动件112处产生的声波可以通过导声孔向外界辐射。又例如，当声学单元110为骨传导扬声器时，声学单元110可以包括振动件112和/或与振动件112连接的传振元件(例如，发声装置100中的佩戴件120的至少部分壳体)。声学单元110产生机械振动时伴随着能量的转换，声学单元110可以实现含有声音信息的信号向机械振动转换，该机械振动可以通过传声元件通过骨传导的方式传递至用户的听觉神经。需要说明的是，当声学单元110为骨传导扬声器时，声学单元110在输出机械振动(即骨传导声波)的同时，也可以产生气传导声波。上述转换的过程中可能包含多种不同类型能量的共存和转换。例如，电信号(即含有声音信息的信号)通过声学单元110的振动件112可以直接转换成机械振动，通过传振元件传导机械振动以传递声波。再例如，声音信息可以包含在光信号中，一种特定的声学单元110可以实现由光信号转换为声音信号的过程。其它可以在声学单元110工作过程中共存和转换的能量类型包括热能、磁场能等。在一些实施例中，声学单元110的种类可以包括动圈式、静电式、压电式、动铁式、气动式、电磁式等中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以包括一个或多个气传导扬声器。在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以包括一个或多个骨传导扬声器。在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以同时包括一个或多个骨传导扬声器与一个或多个气传导扬声器的组合。在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以设置在佩戴件120处，以便于将发出的声音传递给用户。在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以设置在佩戴件120的端部或者其他任意位置。例如，声学单元110可以设置在佩戴件120的端部，而佩戴件120的其他位置未设置声学单元110。在一些实施例中，可以在佩戴件120的多个位置设置多个声学单元110。例如，在佩戴件120的端部或其他位置均设置至少一个声学单元110。在一些实施例中，声学单元110可以设置在佩戴件120的外表面或者佩戴件120的内部。例如，声学单元110可以设置在靠近佩戴件120与用户接触的位置(如，佩戴件120上靠近太阳穴到耳朵的位置)。又例如，佩戴件120可以包括用于容置声学单元110的腔室，声学单元110的至少一部分可以容置在腔 室中。再例如，声学单元110与佩戴件120为一体式结构。
在一些实施例中，发声装置100还可以包括可视件(图1中未示出)。可视件用于架设在用户身体的某个部位，例如，眼部、手部等位置。佩戴件120可以与可视件的一端或两端连接，用于保持发声装置100与用户稳定接触。在一些实施例中，可视件可以是镜片、显示屏或具有镜片作用的显示屏。在一些实施例中，可视件还可以是镜片及其辅助部件或显示屏及其辅助部件，该辅助部件可以是镜框或支架等部件。在一些实施例中，可视件也可以是不含有镜片或显示屏的辅助部件。
在一些实施例中，佩戴件120可以是镜腿或头带等部件。例如，佩戴件120为镜腿，则该发声装置100可以包括可视件和两个佩戴件120，且两个佩戴件120分别连接于可视件的两端，并用于分别架设于对应的左耳和右耳。又例如，佩戴件120为头带类部件，则头带类部件可进行调整以适应用户的头型，且其上也可设置有多种功能部件，则发声装置100包括一可视件和一佩戴件120，佩戴件120的两端分别连接于可视件的两端。需要注意的是，佩戴件120的结构可以根据发声装置100的类型或具体应用场景进行适应性调整。
应当理解的是，图1所提供的框架图仅是出于说明目的，并无意限制本申请的范围。对于领域内的技术人员而言，在本申请的指导下可以进行各种变形和修改。而这些变形和修改都将落入被申请的保护范围内。在一些实施例中，图中所示原件的数量、可以根据实际情况进行调整。在一些实施例中，图1中所示的一个或多个元件可以被省略，或者一个或多个其他元件可以被添加或删除。例如，发声装置100中可以不包括佩戴件120，壳体111可以具备佩戴件120的佩戴功能。在一些实施例中，一个元件可以被其他能实现类似功能的原件替代。在一些实施例中，一个元件可以拆分成多个子元件，或者多个元件可以合并为单个元件。例如，壳体111和佩戴件120可以合并为一个元件。
为了进一步对发声装置进行描述，以下对发声装置进行示例性说明。图2是根据本申请一些实施例所示的发声装置的结构示意图。图2所示的发声装置200为VR设备或AR设备，如图2所示，发声装置200可以包括声学单元210、佩戴件220和可视件230。在一些实施例中，佩戴件220为头带类部件，佩戴件220可以为具有弹性材料制成的结构或者可调整长度的结构。佩戴件220的两端分别与可视件230的两端连接，当用户佩戴发声装置200时，佩戴件220和可视件230环绕在用户头部，通过佩戴件220和可视件230对用户头部的压力实现发声装置200的佩戴。在一些实施例中，佩戴件220与可视件230的连接方式可以包括但不限于转动连接或伸缩连接等活动连接，也可以是卡接、螺接或一体成型连接等相对固定的连接方式。
在一些实施例中，佩戴件220可以包括用于放置声学单元210的下凹部240，当用户佩戴发声装置200时，下凹部240可以位于用户耳朵的附近(例如，前侧、上侧等)，这样可以实现声学单元210位于靠近用户耳朵的位置，而不堵塞用户的耳道口，使用户在听取声学单元210发出的声音的同时，也可以接收到外界环境中的声音。在一些实施例中，声学单元210可以位于下凹部240的外表面。例如，声学单元210为骨传导扬声器时，声学单元210可以位于下凹部240中与用户接触的侧面。又例如，声学单元210为气传导扬声器时，声学单元210可以位于下凹部240中与用户不接触的侧面。在一些实施例中，声学单元210可以位于下凹部240的内部。例如，下凹部240内部具有放置声学单元210的容置仓(图2中未示出)，声学单元210可以位于该容置仓中。当声学单元210位于该容置仓中时，下凹部240可以作为声学单元210的壳体，声学单元210的其他部件(例如，磁路结构、振膜等)可以位于下凹部240中。以气传导扬声器作为声学单元210作为示例，在一些实施例中，声学单元210可以包括振膜和磁路结构(图2中未示出)，振膜和磁路结构通过音圈连接，磁路结构与声学单元210的壳体(或下凹部240)连接，振膜背朝磁路结构的一侧形成声学单元210的正面，磁路结构背朝振膜的一侧形成声学单元210的背面，振膜振动使得声学单元分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。在一些实施例中，声学单元210的壳体(或下凹部240)可以包括至少两个导声孔(图2中未示出)，该导声孔可以包括第一导声孔(也被称为出声口)和第二导声孔(也被称为泄压口)，第一导声孔用于输出声学单元210正面发出的声音，第二导声孔可以用于声学单元220背面发出声的声音，第一导声孔输出的声音的相位和第二导声孔输出的声音的相位可以视为相反，使得第一导声孔输出的声音的和第二导声孔输出的声音可以构建一个偶极子。当用户佩戴发声装置200时，第一导声孔靠近用户的耳道口，第二导声孔背向用户的耳道口，使得声学单元210具有较好的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔和第二导声孔的数量可以为一个或多个。在一些实施例中，可以通过调整第一导声孔或第二导声孔的数量、尺寸、位置、声阻等参数可以进一步提高发声装置200的听音效果和降漏音效果。关于第一导声孔、第二导声孔、下凹部240的详细内容可以参考本说明书其他地方，例如图4至图11及其相关描述。
图3是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种发声装置的结构示意图。图3所示的发声装置300为眼镜，如图3所示，发声装置300可以包括声学单元310、佩戴件320和可视件330(即镜框或镜片)。在一些实施例中，佩戴件320包括两个镜腿结构，佩戴件320的一端与可视件330的端部连接，两个镜腿结构分别与用户的左耳和右耳相配合。当用户佩戴发声装置300时，佩戴件320在用户耳朵的支撑下以及可视件230在用户鼻梁支撑下实现发声装置200的佩戴。在一些实施例中，佩戴件320与可视件330的连接方式可以包括但不限于转动连接或伸缩连接等活动连接，也可以是卡接、螺接或一体成型连接等相对固定的连接方式。声学单元310的结构与图2中所示的声学单元210的结构相类似，下凹部340的结构与图2中所示的下凹部240相类似，在此不做赘述。
应当注意的是，上述有关发声装置200和发声装置300的描述仅仅是为了示例和说明，而不限定本说明书的适用范围。对于本领域技术人员来说，在本说明书的指导下可以对发声装置200和发声装置300进行各种修正和改变。然而，这些修正和改变仍在本说明书的范围之内。例如，发声装置200的佩戴件220可以为镜腿结构，发声装置300的佩戴件320可以为头带类部件。
当用户佩戴发声装置时，为了防止声学单元(例如，声学单元210、声学单元310)与用户的耳朵发生干涉，以及不影响用户接收除却声学单元的外部环境声音，声学单元可以位于用户耳朵附近或者声学单元的至少部分位于用户耳朵在脸部的投影区域内。图4是根据本申请说明书一些实施例提供的声学单元在不同位置的声压级图，该附图为实际测试得到的声波(也就是声学单元的第一导声孔输出的声音)在耳前不同位置对听音音量大小的影响程度。如图4所示，作为示例性说明，声学单元的第一导声孔在用户耳廓前侧的分布位置为区域1、区域2、区域3、区域4、区域5、区域6、区域7、区域8和区域9，图4右部分的图中灰度图颜色越浅，表示当第一导声孔位于此区域附近时，人耳内听到的声压级越大。例如，声学单元的第一导声孔位于区域9时，听音音量近似为88dB。又例如，声学单元的第一导声孔位于区域6时，听音音量近似为86dB。再例如，声学单元的第一导声孔位于区域7时，听音音量近似为76dB。由图4可知，声学单元的第一导声孔放置在区域3、区域5、区域6、区域8或区域9附近时，具有较大的听音音量。优选地，声学单元的第一导声孔放置在区域5、区域6、区域8或区域9附近时，可以保证听音者听到较大的音量。进一步优选地，声学单元的第一导声孔放置在区域6或区域9附近时，可以保证听音者听到较大的音量。在一些实施例中，为了保证用户佩戴发声装置时可以听到较大的音量，第一导声孔(参考图7(a))应尽量靠近用户耳道口。但为保证耳道口开放，第一导声孔需与耳道口保持一定距离。第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离可以是指第一导声孔的中心与用户耳道口的中心位置的距离，或者是第一导声孔的中心与用户耳道口所在平面的间距。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离可以小于4cm。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离可以小于3cm。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为0.5cm-2.5cm。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为1cm-2cm。声学单元的振膜发出的声音需要经过声学结构(例如，声学腔室、导声管、导声孔等)传递到用户的耳道口，在一些实施例中，可以通过调整振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离提高发声装置的听音效果。这里的振膜质心指的是振膜的质量中心。例如，振膜为圆形结构，振膜质心为圆形振膜的圆心。又例如，振膜为长方形结构，振膜质心为长方形的几何中心。耳道口是指人体外耳道的通口，振膜与用户耳道口的距离可以是指振膜质心与用户耳道口的中心位置之间的间距。在其他实施例中，振膜与用户耳道口的距离也可以是指振膜质心与用户耳道口所在平面的间距。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离可以小于5cm。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离可以小于4cm。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为1cm-4cm。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为1.5cm-3.5cm。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为2cm-3cm。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值可以大于1.2。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.2-4。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.4-3。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.5-2。在一些实施例中，振膜质心与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.6-1.8。
在相同声源下，在用户耳朵附近不同位置处会影响声学单元的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，可以通过调整声学单元中第一导声孔的位置，提高发声装置中声学单元的声学输出效果。图5是根据本申请说明书一些实施例提供的声学单元在不同位置的分布示意图。
如图5(a)所示，发声装置为眼镜，发声装置可以包括佩戴件510和声学单元511，佩戴 件510为镜腿结构，声学单元511为长方体结构，声学单元511中一个长度较大的一侧与佩戴件510连接，声学单元511中一个长度较小的一侧与佩戴件510近似垂直设置。当用户佩戴该发声装置时，声学单元511可以位于耳廓的上部分的前侧，其中，声学单元511中一个长度较小的一侧与用户的耳廓正相对。在一些实施例中，声学单元511可以包括第一导声孔(图5(a)中未示出)，第一导声孔用于将声学单元511正面产生的声音向外界输出，第一导声孔位于声学单元511右下角处，使得声学单元511的第一导声孔靠近用户耳道口。这里第一导声孔的位置可以视为图4中所示的区域2或区域3附近。
图5(b)所示的发声装置与图5(a)所示的发声装置的结构大致相同，区别之处在于图5(b)所示的发声装置中的声学单元512与图5(a)所示的发声装置中的声学单元511与镜腿结构的连接位置不同。如图5(b)所示，声学单元512中一个长度较小的一侧与佩戴件连接，声学单元512中一个长度较大的一侧与佩戴件近似垂直设置。当用户佩戴该发声装置时，声学单元512可以位于耳廓的前侧，其中，声学单元512中一个长度较大的一侧与用户的耳廓正相对。在一些实施例中，声学单元512可以包括第一导声孔(图5(b)中未示出)，第一导声孔用于将声学单元512正面产生的声音向外界输出，第一导声孔位于声学单元512右下角处，使得声学单元512的第一导声孔靠近用户耳道口。以用户耳道口的高度作为参考面，图5(b)所示的第一导声孔的位置相对于图5(a)所示的第一导声孔的位置更低，也就是说图5(b)所示的第一导声孔的位置更加靠近用户耳道口，这里图5(b)所示的第一导声孔的位置可以视为图4中所示的区域5或区域8附近。
图5(c)所示的发声装置与图5(b)所示的发声装置的结构大致相同，区别之处在于图5(c)所示的发声装置中的声学单元513与图5(b)所示的发声装置中的声学单元512与镜腿结构的连接位置不同。如图5(c)所示，声学单元513中一个长度较小的一侧与佩戴件连接，声学单元513中一个长度较大的一侧与佩戴件呈角度(例如，小于90°)连接，使得声学单元513的第一导声孔更加靠近用户的耳道口。当用户佩戴该发声装置时，声学单元513可以位于耳廓的前侧，其中，声学单元513中一个长度较大的一侧向用户的耳道口处倾斜，使声学单元513的第一导声孔更加靠近用户的耳道口。这里图5(b)所示的第一导声孔的位置可以视为图4中所示的区域6或区域9附近。
图6是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学单元的结构示意图。如图6所示，声学单元包括壳体610，壳体610用于承载声学单元的振膜和磁路结构(图6中均未示出)。其中，振膜和磁路结构通过音圈连接，磁路结构与壳体610连接，振膜背朝磁路结构的一侧形成声学单元的正面，磁路结构背朝振膜的一侧形成声学单元的背面，振膜振动使得声学单元分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。在一些实施例中，壳体610与振膜形成用于辐射声音的第一声学腔室，第一声学腔室与第一导声孔声学耦合，第一导声孔位于所述第一声学腔室对应的壳体不同侧壁处。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔靠近用户耳道口的位置。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔可以包括第一孔部621和第二孔部622，第一孔部621和第二孔部622相连接，其中，第一孔部621和第二孔部622于第一声学腔室对应的壳体不同侧壁处。例如，第一孔部621和第二孔部622位于第一声学腔室对应的壳体相邻的两个侧壁处。又例如，第一孔部621和第二孔部622位于第一声学腔室对应的壳体相邻的两个棱边处。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621所在的侧壁长度可以大于第二孔部622所在的侧壁长度。也就是说，第一孔部621位于壳体610长度较大的侧壁上，第二孔部622位于壳体610长度较小的侧壁上。当声学单元位于佩戴件(例如，图5(c)所示的佩戴件510)时，第一导声孔的第一孔部621和第二孔部622可以更加靠近用户的耳道口的位置。例如，图6所示的第一孔部621和第二孔部622位于壳体610的右下角。当用户佩戴发声装置时，声学单元的位置可以位于图6所示的用户耳廓前侧，这里声学单元倾斜设置，第一孔部621可能与用户耳朵的其他部位(例如，耳屏)相接触，第一孔部621此时无法直接朝向用户的耳道口，影响用户的听觉体验。为了提高声学单元的声学输出效果，通过在第一孔部621所在壳体610的侧壁相邻的另一侧壁处设置第二孔部622，可以使得第一导声孔朝向用户的耳道口。为了方便理解，这里将第一孔部621和第二孔部622作为等效出声口623，该等效出声口623可以视为第一孔部621与第二孔部622距离最大的两端部连线区域。当声学单元倾斜设置时，等效出声口623可以朝向用户的耳道口。在一些实施例中，声学单元可以包括至少一个共振频率，该共振频率与声学单元的第一导声孔的面积呈正相关，也就是说，第一导声孔620的面积越大，共振频率越高。当声学单元具有较高的共振频率时，声学单元对应的频率响应曲线在小于共振频率的频段内较为平坦，此时声学单元在更宽的频率范围内具有更好的声学输出效果。在本实施例中，声学单元在第一孔部621的基础上设置第二孔部622，可以使第一导声孔朝向用户耳道口，同时也可以增大第一导声孔的面积，使得声学单元的共振频率提高，从而提高声学 单元的声学输出效果。
第一孔部621作为声学单元正面声音的主要输出部位，第一孔部621的长度可以相对较大，第一孔部621的长度越大，声学单元的第一声学腔室与第一导声孔的共振频率越高，从而使得声学单元在更宽的频段范围内具有较好的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值小于0.9。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.3-0.8。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.4-0.8。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.5-0.7。
在一些实施例中，第二孔部622的长度不小于其所在的侧壁长度的1/6。在一些实施例中，第二孔部622的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.1-0.8。在一些实施例中，第二孔部622的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为1/6-2/3。在一些实施例中，第二孔部622的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.2-0.6。在一些实施例中，第二孔部622的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为0.3-0.5。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621和第二孔部622可以为长方形、圆形、三角形、椭圆形、半圆形等规则或不规则的形状。
需要注意的是，声学单元的壳体610不限于图6所示的长方体结构，还可以为圆柱体、梯状结构、三棱柱等其它规则或不规则的结构体。在一些实施例中，第一孔部621所在的侧壁的长度与第二孔部622所在的侧壁长度可以相同，或者第一孔部621所在的侧壁的长度小于第二孔部622所在的侧壁长度。
应当理解的是，图6所提供的示意图仅是出于说明目的，并无意限制本申请的范围。对于领域内的技术人员而言，在本申请的指导下可以进行各种变形和修改。而这些变形和修改都将落入被申请的保护范围内。在一些实施例中，图中所示原件的形状、大小、位置等一个或多个特征可以根据实际情况进行调整。例如，第一孔部621的长度可以大于、等于或小于第二孔部622的长度，或者第一孔部621的截面积可以大于、等于或小于第二孔部622的截面积。
为了对声学单元进行更进一步的说明，以图7提供的几个声学单元作为示例进行描述。图7是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元的结构示意图。
如图7(a)所示，声学单元710可以包括壳体711和声学换能器712。在一些实施例中，壳体711可以为内部中空的长方体结构。在其它的实施例中，壳体711还可以为圆柱体、梯状结构、三棱柱等其它规则或不规则的结构体。声学换能器712用于将含有声音信息的信号转换为声音信号。在一些实施例中，声学换能器712可以包括振膜和磁路结构，振膜和磁路结构通过音圈连接，磁路结构与壳体711连接。磁路结构的内部磁场响应于含有声音的信号(即电信号)发生变化，音圈在磁路结构的作用下发生振动，振膜响应于音圈的振动而产生振动，振膜带动壳体711内部的空气产生振动，从而产生声波。在一些实施例中，声学换能器712的振膜背离磁路结构的一侧为振膜的正面，声学换能器712的振膜的另一侧为振膜的背面，振膜振动使其分别从其正面和背面辐射声音。在一些实施例中，壳体711与振膜形成用于辐射声音的第一声学腔室713，壳体711与磁路结构形成用于辐射声音的第二声学腔室714。在一些实施例中，声学单元710还可以包括第一导声孔715，第一导声孔715用于将振膜正面产生的声音向用户的耳道口方向输出。第一导声孔715与第一声学腔室713声学耦合，具体地，第一导声孔715位于第一声学腔室713所在的壳体711的侧壁上。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔715可以包括第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152，其中，第一孔部7151位于第一声学腔室713对应的壳体711不同侧壁处。在一些实施例中，第一孔部7151所在的侧壁长度大于第二孔部7152所在的侧壁长度，也就是说，也就是说，第一孔部7151位于壳体711长度较大的侧壁上，第二孔部7152位于壳体711长度较小的侧壁上。当声学单元710位于佩戴件(例如，图5所示的佩戴件510)时，第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152可以更加靠近用户的耳道口的位置。例如，图7(a)所示的第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152位于壳体711的右下角。当用户佩戴发声装置时，声学单元710的位置可以位于用户耳廓前侧，这里声学单元710倾斜设置，第一孔部7151可能与用户耳朵的其他部位(例如，耳屏)相接触，第一孔部7151此时无法朝向用户的耳道口，影响用户的听觉体验。为了提高声学单元710的声学输出效果，通过在第一孔部7151所在壳体711的侧壁相邻的另一侧壁处设置第二孔部7152，可以使得第一导声孔715更好地朝向用户的耳道口。关于第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152的详细内容可以参考本说明书图6及其相关描述，在此不做赘述。
为了降低声学单元710的漏音，在一些实施例中，声学单元710还可以包括第二导声孔716，第二导声孔716用于将振膜背面发出的声音输送至外部环境中。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716位于第二声学腔室714对应的壳体711的一个侧壁上，第二导声孔716与第二声学腔室714声学耦合。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与第一导声孔715背向设置。这里的背向设置可以理解 为第二导声孔716与第一导声孔715的开口朝向相反或可以近似视为相反。例如，第一导声孔715位于壳体711的第一侧壁和第二侧壁上，第一侧壁和第二侧壁为壳体711中相邻的两个侧壁，其中，第一导声孔715的第一孔部7151位于第一侧壁上，第一导声孔715的第二孔部7152位于第二侧壁上，第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152相连通，第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152与第一声学腔室713声学耦合。第二导声孔716位于与第二侧壁位置相对的第三侧壁上，第二导声孔716与第二声学腔室714声学耦合。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔715的第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔716背向用户的耳道口。第一导声孔715输出的声音和第二导声孔716输出满足特定条件(例如，相位差约为180°)的声音，可以形成类偶极子辐射，在远场，第一导声孔715输出的声音和第二导声孔716输出的声音可以反相相消，从而降低声学单元710在远场的漏音音量，防止声学单元710输出的声音被附近的人听到。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第二导声孔715与用户耳道口之间的距离过小会导致用户耳道口附近处的第二导声孔715输出的声音与第一导声孔715输出的声音相抵消，为保证用户耳道口处的听音音量以及降低远场的漏音音量，在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离可以大于1cm。另外，第一导声孔715与第二导声孔716之间的距离过大，或者第二导声孔716与耳道口的距离过大会造成发声装置的体积过大，影响用户佩戴体验，为保证用户的佩戴体验，在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离小于8cm。优选地，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为1.5cm-7cm。进一步优选地，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为1.5cm-5cm。较为优选地，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为2cm-4.5cm。进一步优选地，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离范围可以为2.5cm-4cm。当用户佩戴发声装置时，为保证用户耳道口处的听音音量以及发声装置在远场的降漏音效果，可以尽量增大第二导声孔716和用户耳道口的距离与第一导声孔715和用户耳道口的距离之间的比值。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值可以大于1.2。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.2-8。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.2-7。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.3-6。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.4-5。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.5-3。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔716与用户耳道口的距离和第一导声孔715与用户耳道口的距离之间的比值范围可以为1.5-2.5。
参考图6，在一些实施例中，可以通过调整第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ，使第一导声孔(包括第一孔部621和第二孔部622)输出的声音和第二导声孔630输出的声音形成的类偶极子辐射的方向指向用户耳道，进而提高用户佩戴声学单元时的听音音量以及降低远场漏音音量。除此之外，振膜质心O可以近似视为振膜的中心点，调整夹角θ的过程可以视为声学单元以振膜质心O作为旋转中心进行旋转，此时振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M可以近似视为一条位置固定的直线，而通过调整(例如，减少)夹角θ可以使得第一导声孔的第一孔部621相对于用户的耳屏倾斜设置，使得第一孔部621与用户耳屏正相对的面积减小，从而减小耳屏对第一孔部621输出的声音的影响。另外，通过调整夹角θ可以使得与第一孔部621相邻的第二孔部622更加靠近用户的耳道口，进而提高用户的听音音量。为了减少用户耳屏的影响，保证用户耳道处的听音音量较大，在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ可以小于60°。为了进一步减少用户耳屏的影响，提高用户耳道处的听音音量，在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ可以小于45°。优选地，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ可以小于35°。进一步优选地，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ可以小于20°。更为优选地，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ可以小于10°。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔与第二导声孔630的连线L和振膜质心O与用户耳道口的连线M形成的夹角θ越小，则第一导声孔与第二导声孔630相对于用户耳道口的距离差越大，此时第二导声孔630传递到用户耳道口的声音与第一导声孔传递到用户耳道口的声音进行叠加相消的程度越小，用户听到的音量越大。为了进一步提高用户耳道口处的听音音量，在一些实施例中，还可以调整第一导声孔中第一孔部621和第二孔部622的位置和尺寸。关于第一孔部621和第二孔部622的位置和尺寸的具体内容可以参考上述图6的具体内容。
需要说明的是，第一导声孔与第二导声孔620的连线可以是两个导声孔几何中心的连线，或者是第一导声孔对应的等效导声孔623的几何中心与第二导声孔630的等效导声孔对应的几何中心的联系。另外，振膜可以相对于声学单元与用户脸部的接触面平行、垂直或者倾斜设置，具体可以实际应用场景进行适应性调整。关于第一导声孔与振膜质心、耳道口的参数可以参考本申请说明书其它地方的描述，例如图4及其相关描述。
图7(b)是根据本申请一些实施例提供的另一种声学单元的结构示意图。图7(b)所示的声学单元720与图7(a)所示的声学单元710的结构大致相同，其区别之处在于，图7(b)所示的声学单元720中的第二导声孔726与图7(a)所示的声学单元710的第二导声孔716的结构和分布不同。图7(b)中的壳体721、声学换能器722、第一声学腔室723、第二声学腔室724、第一导声孔725分别与图7(a)所示的壳体711、声学换能器712、第一声学腔室713、第二声学腔室714、第一导声孔715的结构相类似，在此不做赘述。如图7(b)所示，第二导声孔726可以包括第三孔部7261和第二孔部7262，第三孔部7261和第二孔部7262与第二声学腔室724声学耦合，用于输出声学单元720背面发出的声音。在一些实施例中，第三孔部7261和第一导声孔725的第一孔部(参考图7(a)中的第一孔部7151)背向设置，第四孔部7262与第一导声孔725的第二孔部(参考图7(a)中的第二孔部7152)背向设置。具体地，第三孔部7261位于与第一导声孔725的第一孔部所在的第一侧壁位置相对的第四侧壁上，第四孔部7262位于与第一导声孔725的第二孔部所在的第二侧壁位置相对的第三侧壁上。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔725的第一孔部和第二孔部朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔726的第三孔部7261和第四孔部7262背向用户的耳道口。第一导声孔725输出的声音和第二导声孔726输出满足特定条件(例如，相位差约为180°)的声音，可以形成类偶极子辐射，在远场，第一导声孔725输出的声音和第二导声孔726输出的声音可以反相相消，从而降低声学单元720在远场的漏音音量，防止声学单元720输出的声音被附近的人听到。
图7(c)是根据本申请一些实施例提供的又一种声学单元的结构示意图。图7(c)所示的声学单元730与图7(a)所示的声学单元710的结构大致相同，其区别之处在于，图7(c)所示的声学单元730未设置第二声学腔室。图7(c)中的壳体731、声学换能单元732、第一声学腔室733、第一导声孔735分别与图7(a)所示的壳体711、声学换能器712、第一声学腔室713、第一导声孔715的结构相类似，在此不做赘述。如图7(c)所示，声学单元730可以包括壳体731和声学换能单元732。声学换能单元732的磁路结构可以包括导磁罩(图7(c)中未示出)，导磁罩背离振膜，导磁罩的部分结构作为声学单元的壳体的一个侧壁。这里可以理解为，导磁罩可以为壳体731的一个侧壁。在一些实施例中，声学单元730可以包括一个或多个第二导声孔736，其中，第二导声孔736可以位于导磁罩上。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔736的形状可以为圆形、半圆形、椭圆形、三角形、四边形(例如，长方形)、五边形等规则或不规则的形状。在一些实施例中，当第二导声孔736的数量为多个时，第二导声孔736的形状可以相同或不同。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔735的第一孔部和第二孔部朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔736背向用户的脸部区域，这里第一导声孔735和第二导声孔736输出的声音可以近似视为与人脸垂直，第一导声孔735和第二导声孔736输出的声音在人脸(可以近似视为一个挡板)的反射下，偶极子变成了四极子，从而产生与偶极子相类似的声音辐射指向图。关于声学单元730中的第一导声孔735和第二导声孔736可以视为近似背向设置的详细内容可以参考本说明书实施例中其他地方的描述，例如，图10A、图10B、图11及其相关描述。
图7(d)是根据本申请一些实施例提供的另一种声学单元的结构示意图。图7(d)所示的声学单元740与图7(a)所示的声学单元710的结构大致相同，其区别之处在于，图7(b)所示的声学单元720中的第二导声孔746与图7(a)所示的声学单元710的第二导声孔716的结构和分布不同。图7(d)中的壳体741、声学换能器742、第一声学腔室743、第二声学腔室744、第一导声孔745分别与图7(a)所示的壳体711、声学换能器712、第一声学腔室713、第二声学腔室714、第一导声孔715的结构相类似，在此不做赘述。如图7(d)所示，第二导声孔746位于与导磁板正相对的壳体741的侧壁上，第二导声孔746与第二声学腔室744声学耦合，用于输出声学单元742背面发出的声音。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔745的第一孔部和第二孔部朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔746背向用户的脸部区域。第一导声孔745和第二导声孔746输出的声音在人脸(可以近似视为一个挡板)的反射下偶极子变成了四极子，从而产生与偶极子相类似的声音辐射指向图。
为了进一步说明图7中不同声学单元(例如，声学单元710、声学单元720和声学单元730)的声学输出效果，现结合图8作具体说明。图8是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元的频率响应曲线图。在图8中，实线(a)为图7(a)中的声学单元710的频率响应曲线，虚线b为图7 (b)中的声学单元720的频率响应曲线，虚线c为图7(c)中的声学单元730的频率响应曲线。如图8所示，三条频率响应曲线在4kHz附近都有一个共振峰810，该共振峰810主要由第一声学腔室(例如，第一声学腔室713、第一声学腔室723、第一声学腔室733)与第一导声孔(例如，第一导声孔715、第一导声孔725、第一导声孔735)引起的，由于图7(a)、图7(b)、图7(c)中的三种声学单元的第一声学腔室与第一导声孔结构相同，三条频率响应曲线在4kHz附件处的共振峰相互重合。在图7(a)所示的声学单元710中，由于第二声学腔室714与第二导声孔716的结构，与其对应的频率响应曲线a中在2.6kHz附近具有共振峰811。在图7(b)所示的声学单元720中，由于第二声学腔室724与第二导声孔726的结构，与其对应的频率响应曲线b在3.2kHz附近具有共振峰812。在图7(c)所示的声学单元730中，由于声学单元730中只有第二导声孔736，没有第二声学腔室，与其对应的频率响应曲线c中的共振频峰813的谐振频率相对较高，共振频峰813的共振频率在7k Hz附近。综上可知，在特定频段(例如，1000Hz-1000Hz)，声学单元中不设置第二声学腔室时，其频率响应曲线更为平坦，具有更好的声学输出效果。在一些实施例中，也可以通过减小第二声学腔室的体积，以提高第二声学腔室引起的共振峰(例如，共振峰811、共振峰812)对应的谐振频率。
在一些实施例中，第一导声孔和第二导声孔背向设置或近似背向设置，用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔的中心和第二导声孔的中心的连线可以指向用户的耳道口。一方面，第一导声孔和第二导声孔背向设置或近似背向设置，第一导声孔靠近用户的耳道口，可以保证声学单元为用户提供较大的听音音量，另一方面，第二导声孔背向用户的耳道口可以防止第一导声孔输出的声音和第二导声孔输出的声音在用户的耳道口的位置发生干涉，同时第一导声孔输出的声音和第二导声孔输出的声音可以近似视为形成偶极子，在远场相抵消。以下结合图9对第一导声孔、第二导声孔与用户耳道口的位置关系进行示例性说明。
需要说明的是，前述一个或多个实施例仅出于说明目的，并不旨在限制声学单元的结构和形状。在完全理解声学单元的原理之后，可以对声学单元进行变形，以得到与本申请实施例不同的声学单元。例如，声学单元的第二导声孔一部分可以位于第二声学腔室对应的侧壁处，另一部分可以位于磁路结构的导磁罩处。
图9是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元在耳朵处的分布示意图。图9中的图a、b、c和d中的声学单元可以分别对应图7中的图a、b、c和d。如图9(a)所示，第一导声孔715位于声学单元710的右下角，第二导声孔716位于声学单元710的左上方。当用户佩戴声学单元710时，第一导声孔715的第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152靠近用户的耳道口的位置，第二导声孔716背向用户的耳道口，其中，第一导声孔715的中心与第二导声孔716的中心的连线指向用户的耳道口。这里可以理解为，第一导声孔715的中心、第二导声孔716的中心与用户的耳道口基本在同一条直线上。需要注意的是，这里的导声孔的中心可以是指导声孔的几何中心，也可以是指等效导声孔的几何中心。例如，在图9(a)中，第一导声孔715的等效导声孔可以视为第一孔部7151和第二孔部7152距离最大的两端部连线区域，这里第一导声孔715的中心可以为等效导声孔的几何中心。第二导声孔716为长方形状，第二导声孔716的中心为长方形的几何中心。又例如，在图9(b)中，第一导声孔725的中心可以为等效导声孔的几何中心。第二导声孔726包括第三孔部和第四孔部，第二导声孔726的等效导声孔可以视为第三孔部和第四孔部距离最大的两端部连线区域，这里第二导声孔726的中心可以为等效导声孔的中心。再例如，在图9(c)中，第一导声孔735的中心为等效导声孔的中心。第二导声孔736包括多个子导声孔，第二导声孔736的中心可以为多个子导声孔的几何中心。再例如，在图9(d)中，第一导声孔745的中心为等效导声孔的中心。第二导声孔746中心为其几何中心。
图10A是基于图7(b)的声学单元中第一导声孔与第二导声孔背向设置时的辐射指向性图。如图10A所示，辐射指向性图近似呈现“8”字形，其中“8”字形的主瓣方向即对应图9(b)中的连线(这里见图10A的虚线)方向，这里颜色越深表示声音的声压级越大。当用户佩戴发声装置时，人耳位置处于“8”字形的主瓣区域(例如，主瓣区域1010、主瓣区域1020)内，用户耳朵处听到的声音的声压级最大，而垂直主瓣方向的声音的声压级相对较小，垂直主瓣方向的空间朝向外部空间，可以有效降低空间中的漏音，起到保证一定私密性的效果。
图10B是基于图7(c)中不包括第二声学腔室的声学单元的辐射指向性图。图10B相对于图10A，其辐射指向性图与图7(b)中声学单元开口背向的辐射指向性图大致相同。由此可知，从结构上看，图7(c)中的第一导声孔715和第二导声孔716不为背向设置，但是由于边界条件(例如，人脸)的存在，使得第一导声孔715输出的声音和第二导声孔716输出的声音在声学上认为近 似背向。
为了便于对边界条件进行理解，这里结合图11进行说明。图11是根据本申请一些实施例所示的偶极子关于人脸发射的示例性原理图。如图11所示，当用户佩戴发声装置时，声学单元的第一导声孔朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔背向用户的脸部，这里第一导声孔输出的声音为声波1110，第二导声孔输出的声音为声波1120，声波1110和声波1120可以形成类偶极子辐射。声波1110和声波1120向外界辐射的声音可以近似视为与人脸垂直，声波1110和声波1120在用户脸部的反射下，形成与声波1110和声波1120对称的声波1130和声波1140，声波1110和声波1120形成的偶极子变成了四极子，从而产生与偶极子相类似的声音辐射指向图。
为了保证第一导声孔和第二导声孔处的声辐射量大致相同，以形成上述的呈“8”字形的偶极子，在一些实施例中，第二导声孔的有效面积与第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于40％。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔的有效面积与第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于30％。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔的有效面积与第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于20％。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔的有效面积与第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于20％。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔的有效面积与第一导声孔的有效面积可以相等。这里的有效面积可以定义为其实际面积与所盖设的声阻网的孔隙率的乘积，即空气可以从开口穿透过的面积。例如，当导声孔的出口端盖设有声阻网时，导声孔的有效面积则为导声孔的实际面积与盖设的声阻网的孔隙率的乘积。又例如，当泄压孔的出口端未盖设有声阻网时，导声孔的有效面积则为导声孔的实际面积。
图12是根据本申请一些实施例所示的发声装置的结构示意图。如图12所示，发声装置可以包括佩戴件1210和声学单元1220。声学单元1220为长方体结构，声学单元1220中一个长度较小的一侧与佩戴件1210连接，声学单元1220中一个长度较大的一侧与佩戴件呈角度连接，使得声学单元1220右下角的第一导声孔更加靠近用户的耳道口，声学单元1220左上角的第二导声孔背向耳道口。声学单元1220与佩戴件1210呈角度设置，当用户佩戴该发声装置时，可以使得声学单元1220的第一导声孔更加靠近用户的耳道口。在一些实施例中，声学单元1220中一个长度较大的一侧与佩戴件1210之间的夹角θ可以为5°-85°。在一些实施例中，夹角θ可以为10°-70°。在一些实施例中，夹角θ可以为15°-60°。在一些实施例中，夹角θ可以为20°-45°。在一些实施例中，夹角θ可以为30°-90°。在一些实施例中，声学单元与佩戴件可以为一体成型的结构，声学单元位于佩戴件中。图13是根据本申请一些实施例所示的一种佩戴件的结构示意图；图14A和图14B是图13中的佩戴件不同视角的结构示意图。结合图13、图14A和图14B，佩戴件1300上设置有下凹段1320以及与下凹段1320连接的连接段1310。下凹段1320使佩戴件1300上边沿在佩戴件有向下的凹陷。在本实施例中，由于下凹段1320呈折叠的状态，从而可增加下凹段1320的柔性。使得佩戴件1300因下凹段1320的存在而适宜于根据用户的头型进行适应性形变，进而更加易于用户佩戴。在一些实施例中，下凹段1320内具有声学单元(图中未示出)。下凹段1320可以用于安装声学单元并使得声学单元靠近用户耳部。连接段1310可以用于连接下凹段1320与发声装置的可视件以及架设于用户耳廓。下凹段1320可以与连接段1310物理连接(例如，粘接、镶嵌、焊接、铆接、螺钉连接、卡扣连接等)。
在一些实施例中，下凹段1320可以使得声学单元位于用户耳前。这里所说的耳前可以理解为用户耳朵朝向用户脸部的一侧。例如，当用户佩戴发声装置时，下凹段1320可以位于耳朵朝向用户眼睛的一侧，这样设置在下凹段1320上的声学单元更靠近用户的耳道口，声学单元发出的声音信号可以更容易传递到用户耳部。
在一些实施例中，下凹段1320可以设置成任意可行的形状。下凹段1320的形态可以理解为下凹段1320结构的形状或下凹段1320的凹陷形状。示例性的下凹段20的形状可以包括但不限于Y形状、V形状、折叠状，下面将对几种示例性的下凹段进行说明。
下凹段1320可以包括呈角度连接的过渡部1321和安装部1322。声学单元可以设置在安装部1322中。过渡部1321与连接段1310弯折连接并向下延伸，以便于在佩戴时延伸向用户耳道口方向，拉近设置在其中的声学单元与耳道口之间的距离。其中，过渡部1321可以是指下凹段1320更靠近可视件的部分。安装部1322可以是指下凹段1320更靠近用户耳部的部分。在一些实施例中，过渡部1321和安装部1322可以具有不同或相同的形状，下凹段1320的安装部1322和过渡部1321可以以任意角度进行连接，从而形成不同形状的下凹段1320。这里的下凹段1320的安装部1322和 过渡部1321以任意角度连接可以是指安装部1322和过渡部1321连接后形成的夹角可以是任意角度。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角的角度可以在15度～150度范围内。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角的角度可以在30度～150度范围内。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角的角度可以在45度～135度范围内。在一些实施例中，安安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角的角度可以在60度～120度范围内。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角的角度可以在75度～90度范围内。例如，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间形成的夹角可以呈30度、60度、90度或120度等。
在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间可以采用可拆卸方式进行连接，例如螺接或插接等。在一些实施例中，连接段1310与下凹段1320之间可以是固定连接，例如，连接段1310与下凹段1320之间通过焊接、铆接、粘接等方式进行连接。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321之间还可以是直接连接，也可以通过调节结构连接。调节结构可以是铰链、球铰或伸缩杆等。调节结构可以使得安装部1322可以相对于过渡部1321转动或平移。在一些实施例中，安装部1322和过渡部1321还可以为一体式结构。
作为示例性说明，在一些实施例中，下凹段1320可以呈V型，即安装部1322和过渡部1321形成的凹陷形状为V型。其中，安装部1322的一端与连接段1310远离可视件的部分(例如，第一连接段1312)连接，另一端向下方延伸，安装部1322与连接段1310形成的夹角近似为90度。过渡部1321的一端与连接段1310靠近可视件的部分(例如，第二连接段1311)连接，另一端朝向用户的耳屏方向延伸并相对连接段1310倾斜一定角度。安装部1322与过渡部1321连接并形成向下的V型凹陷。
需要说明的是，前述一个或多个实施例仅出于说明目的，并不旨在限制下凹段1320的形状或者数量。在完全理解下凹段1320的原理之后，可以对下凹段1320进行变形，以得到与本申请实施例不同的下凹段1320。例如，可以调整安装部1322与过渡部1321的形状，使得安装部1322与过渡部1321形成的下凹段1320的形状为U型。在一些实施例中，佩戴件1300可以包括多个下凹段1320，每个下凹段1320可以具有不同的形状。例如，佩戴件1300可以包括两个下凹段1320，其中一个下凹段1320为V型结构，另一个下凹段1320为Y型结构。
在一些实施例中，该连接段1310可以包括第一连接段1312和第二连接段1311。其中，下凹段1320连接于第一连接段1312和第二连接段1311之间。第一连接段1312用于架设于耳廓上。第二连接段1311用于连接可视件。在一些实施例中，第二连接段1311可以呈直条状，而连接于安装部1322的一端并向背离第一连接段1312的方向延伸。下凹段1320相对于第一连接段1312和第二连接段1311向下延伸，而相对第一连接段1312和第二连接段1311构成凸出状，且形成有凹陷。
在一些应用场景中，在佩戴件1300架设于用户的耳廓时，下凹段1320可以位于耳廓朝向用户眼睛的一侧，以便于在用户佩戴时，下凹段1320延伸向耳屏，使得设于下凹段1320的声学单元随之贴近耳屏，以更接近用户的外耳道，拉近了声学单元与用户耳部的距离，从而更便于传声给用户。
在一些实施例中，声学单元(图中未示出)可以位于安装部1322的内部，安装部1322为内部中空的壳体结构，安装部1322可以作为声学单元的壳体。在一些实施例中，声学单元的振膜和磁路结构通过音圈连接，磁路结构与安装部1322连接，振膜背离磁路结构的一侧为振膜的正面，振膜的另一侧为振膜的背面，振膜振动使其分别从其正面和背面向外辐射声音。在一些实施例中，安装部1322与振膜形成用于辐射声音的第一声学腔室，第一声学腔室与第一导声孔1330声学耦合，第一导声孔1330位于第一声学腔室对应的安装部1322的不同侧壁处。进一步地，第一导声孔1330位于安装部1322中背离过渡部1321的侧壁上。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔1330靠近用户耳道口的位置。在一些实施例中，第一导声孔1330可以包括第一孔部1331和第二孔部1332，第一孔部1331位于安装部1322中背离过渡部1321的侧壁上，第二孔部1332位于安装部1322的底部侧壁，第一孔部1331和第二孔部1332相连接。
在一些实施例中，声学单元还包括第二导声孔1340，第二导声孔1340用于将声学单元背面发出的声音输送至外部环境中。第二导声孔1340位于第二声学腔室对应的安装部1322的不同侧壁上，第二导声孔1340与第二声学腔室声学耦合。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔1340与第一导声孔1330对向设置。这里的对向设置可以理解为第二导声孔1340与第一导声孔1330的开口朝向相反或可以近似视为相反。第二导声孔包括第三孔部1341和第四孔部1342，其中，第三孔部1341位于安装部1322中靠近过渡部1321的侧壁上，第四孔部位于安装部1322的顶部。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔1330的第一孔部1331和第二孔部1332朝向用户的耳道口，第二导声孔1340 的第三孔部1341和第四孔部1342背向用户的耳道口。第一导声孔1330输出的声音和第二导声孔1340输出满足特定条件(例如，相位差约为180°)的声音，可以形成类偶极子辐射，在远场，第一导声孔1330输出的声音和第二导声孔1340输出的声音可以反相相消，从而降低声学单元在远场的漏音音量，防止声学单元输出的声音被附近的人听到。
需要说明的是，前述一个或多个实施例仅出于说明目的，并不旨在限制第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340的位置。在完全理解第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340的对向设置的原理之后，可以对第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340进行变形，以得到与本申请实施例不同的第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340。例如，可以调整第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340的位置，使第一导声孔1330或第二导声孔1340位于安装部1322的一个侧壁上。关于第一导声孔1330和第二导声孔1340的详细内容可以参考本说明书其他地方的内容，例如图7(b)及其相关描述。
图15是根据本申请一些实施例所示的一种佩戴件的结构示意图。图15所示的佩戴件1500与图13、图14A和图14B所示的佩戴件1300的整体结构大致相同，其区别之处在于图15所示的佩戴件1500的第二导声孔1540的位置有所不同。图15中的第一连接段1512、第二连接段1511、过渡部1521、安装部1522、第一导声孔1530、第一孔部1531和第二孔部1532分别与图13、图14A和图14B所示第一连接段1312、第二连接段1311、过渡部1321、安装部1322、第一导声孔1330、第一孔部1331和第二孔部1332的结构相类似。声学单元的磁路结构可以包括导磁罩(图15中未示出)，导磁罩背离振膜，导磁罩的部分结构作为安装部1522的一个侧壁。这里可以理解为，导磁罩可以为安装部1522的侧壁。在一些实施例中，安装部1522可以包括一个或多个第二导声孔1540，其中，第二导声孔1540可以位于导磁罩上。这里，声学单元中的第一导声孔1530和第二导声孔1540可以近似对向设置。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔1530朝向用户的耳道，第二导声孔1540背向用户的脸部。需要注意的是，第二导声孔1540的数量不限于图15中所示的两个，还可以为一个、三个或者四个等。关于第一导声孔1530和第二导声孔1540的详细内容可以参考本说明书其他地方的内容，例如图7(c)及其相关描述。
图16是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种佩戴件的结构示意图。图16所示的佩戴件1600与图13、图14A和图14B所示的佩戴件1600的整体结构大致相同，其区别之处在于图16所示的佩戴件1600的第二导声孔1640的位置有所不同。图16中的第一连接段1612、第二连接段1611、过渡部1621、安装部1622、第一导声孔1630、第一孔部1631和第二孔部1632分别与图13、图14A和图14B所示第一连接段1312、第二连接段1311、过渡部1321、安装部1322、第一导声孔1330、第一孔部1331和第二孔部1332的结构相类似。如图16所示，第二导声孔1640位于第二声学腔室对应的安装部1622中一个侧壁上。当用户佩戴发声装置时，第一导声孔1630朝向用户的耳道，第二导声孔1640背向用户的脸部。关于第一导声孔1630和第二导声孔1640的详细内容可以参考本说明书其他地方的内容，例如图7(d)及其相关描述。
应当理解的是，图15和图16所提供的示意图仅是出于说明目的，并无意限制本申请的范围。对于领域内的技术人员而言，在本申请的指导下可以进行各种变形和修改。而这些变形和修改都将落入被申请的保护范围内。在一些实施例中，图中所示元件的形状、大小、位置等一个或多个特征可以根据实际情况进行调整。
在一些实施例中，可以通过减小第二声学腔室的体积来降低声学单元的共振峰对应的谐振频率，从而提高声学单元的声学输出效果。声学单元的第二声学腔室的形状或体积与声学换能器的部件(例如，振膜、磁路结构)在壳体中的位置相关。例如，振膜与壳体之间形成第二声学腔室，振膜与壳体位置相对的侧壁之间的间距越大，第二声学腔室的体积越大。在一些实施例中，可以通过减小振膜与壳体之间的间距以减小第二声学腔室的体积。在一些实施例中，还可以通过对壳体的结构进行调整以减小第二声学腔室的体积。
图17是根据本申请一些实施例所示的不同声学单元的结构示意图。如图17(a)所示，声学单元1710可以包括壳体1711和声学换能器1712。在一些实施例中，壳体1711可以为内部中空的长方体结构，壳体1711可以包括凸起部17111，该凸起部17111相对于壳体一侧的侧壁向外凸出。声学换能器1712用于将含有声音信息的信号转换为声音信号。在一些实施例中，声学换能器1712可以包括振膜和磁路结构，振膜和磁路结构通过音圈连接，磁路结构与壳体1711连接。磁路结构的内部磁场响应于含有声音的信号(即电信号)发生变化，音圈在磁路结构的作用下发生振动，振膜响应于音圈的振动而产生振动，振膜带动壳体1711内部的空气产生振动，从而产生声波。在一些实施例中，声学换能器1712的振膜背离磁路结构的一侧为振膜的正面，振膜的另一侧为振膜的背面，振膜振动使其分别从其正面和背面辐射声音。在一些实施例中，壳体1711与振膜的正面形成用 于辐射声音的第一声学腔室1713。磁路结构的导磁罩可以作为凸起部17111所在壳体1711的一个完整的侧壁或一个侧壁中的部分结构，凸起部17111相对于导磁罩向外部凸出，振膜背面与凸起部17111之间形成第二声学腔室1714。在一些实施例中，声学单元1710还可以包括第一导声孔1715，第一导声孔1715用于将振膜正面产生的声音向用户的耳道口方向输出。第一导声孔1715与第一声学腔室1713声学耦合，具体地，第一导声孔1715位于第一声学腔室1713所在的壳体1711的侧壁上。为了降低声学单元1710的漏音，在一些实施例中，声学单元1710还可以包括第二导声孔1716，第二导声孔1716用于将振膜背面发出的声音输送至外部环境中。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔1716可以位于导磁罩上，导磁罩上的第二导声孔1716可以直接将振膜背面产生的声音向外部输出。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔1716还可以位于第二声学腔室1714对应的凸起部17111的侧壁上，振膜背面产生的声音可以通过导磁罩上的孔口(图中未示出)传递至第二声学腔室1714中，然后再经凸起部17111上设置的第二导声孔1716输送至外部环境中。在一些实施例中，导磁罩上的第二导声孔与凸起部17111上的第二导声孔的形状和数量可以相同。在一些实施例中，第二导声孔1716的形状可以为长方形、圆形、半圆形、椭圆形、五边形、三角形等其它规则或不规则形状的一种或几种。在一些实施例中，导磁罩上的第二导声孔与凸起部上的第二导声孔的形状和数量也可以不同。例如，图17(b)中，导磁罩上的第二导声孔1726为长方形，凸起部的第二导声孔1726的形状为三角形。在一些实施例中，导磁罩上的第二导声孔与凸起部上的第二导声孔的朝向可以相同，也可以不同。例如，图17(a)和图17(b)中，第二导声孔所在的导磁罩和凸起部的侧壁与声学换能单元的振膜位置相对时，导磁罩上的第二导声孔与凸起部上的第二导声孔的朝向相同。又例如，图17(c)中，导磁罩处设置的第二导声孔1736与凸起部上设置的第二导声孔1736的朝向不同。需要注意的是，上述实施例中的第二导声孔(例如，第二导声孔1716、第二导声孔1726、第二导声孔1736)仅仅作为示例性说明，第二导声孔的位置、数量、尺寸、形状等可以根据实际应用场景进行调整，只要满足第一导声孔与第二导声孔背向设置或第一导声孔输出的声音与第二导声孔输出的声音近似背向都在本说明书的保护范围内。
需要说明的是，不同实施例可能产生的有益效果不同，在不同的实施例里，可能产生的有益效果可以是以上任意一种或几种的组合，也可以是其他任何可能获得的有益效果。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本申请所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用、或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本申请流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本申请实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
针对本申请引用的每个专利、专利申请、专利申请公开物和其他材料，如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文档等，特此将其全部内容并入本申请作为参考。与本申请内容不一致或产生冲突的申请历史文件除外，对本申请权利要求最广范围有限制的文件(当前或之后附加于本申请中的)也除外。需要说明的是，如果本申请附属材料中的描述、定义、和/或术语的使用与本申请所述内容有不一致或冲突的地方，以本申请的描述、定义和/或术语的使用为准。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括：
    振膜；以及
    壳体，所述壳体包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，所述振膜在壳体内，且所述第一导声孔和所述第二导声孔分别位于振膜两侧；
    当用户佩戴所述发声装置时，所述第一导声孔与所述用户耳道口距离小于所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离，所述第一导声孔与所述第二导声孔的连线和所述振膜的质心与所述用户耳道口的连线夹角范围小于45°，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离大于所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离为0.5cm-2.5cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离为1.5cm-5cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述振膜与所述用户的耳道口距离为1.5cm-3cm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述振膜与所述用户耳道口的距离与所述第一导声孔与所述用户的耳道口的距离的比值为1.4-3。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二导声孔与所述用户耳道口的距离与所述第一导声孔与所述用户的耳道口的距离的比值为1.4-5。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述壳体与所述振膜形成用于辐射声音的第一声学腔室，所述第一声学腔室与所述第一导声孔声学耦合，所述第一导声孔位于所述第一声学腔室对应的壳体的不同侧壁处。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一导声孔包括第一孔部和第二孔部，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部相连接，其中，所述第一孔部和所述第二孔部位于所述第一声学腔室对应的壳体的不同侧壁处。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一孔部所在的侧壁长度大于所述第二孔部所在的侧壁长度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二孔部的长度与其所在的侧壁长度的比值范围为1/6-2/3。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二孔部的长度不小于其所在的侧壁长度的1/6。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述发声装置还包括磁路结构，所述磁路结构与所述壳体连接，所述振膜通过音圈与所述磁路结构连接，所述壳体与所述磁路结构形成用于辐射声音的第二声学腔室，所述第二声学腔室与所述第二导声孔声学耦合，所述第二导声孔位于所述第二声学腔室对应的侧壁上。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述发声装置的磁路结构包括导磁罩，所述导磁罩背离所述振膜，所述导磁罩的部分结构作为所述壳体的一个侧壁，所述第二导声孔位于所述导磁罩上。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二导声孔的有效面积与所述第一导声孔的有效面积之间的差值与所述第一导声孔的有效面积或所述第二导声孔的有效面积的比值不大于40％。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述发声装置包括佩戴件，所述佩戴件包括：连接段和下凹段，所述下凹段与所述连接段连接；其中，所述下凹段使所述佩戴件上边沿在所述佩戴件有向下的凹陷；所述壳体与所述下凹段连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述下凹段被配置为当所述用户佩戴所述佩戴件时，使所述下凹段靠近用户耳部，所述下凹段使所述第一导声孔位于用户耳部附近。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述下凹段包括呈角度连接的安装部和过渡部，所述壳体设置于所述安装部或所述过渡部，所述过渡部和所述安装部中的与所述连接段弯折连接并向下延伸。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述角度的范围为15°-150°。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述连接段包括第一连接段，所述过渡部连接于所述安装部和所述第一连接段之间，且所述过渡部与所述第一连接段弯折连接并向下延伸。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述连接段还包括第二连接段，所述第二连接段与所述安装部的一端连接。
  21. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一导声孔设置于以下至少一处：所述下凹段朝向用户头部的内侧、所述下凹段朝向用户耳屏的棱边或所述下凹段朝向所述用户耳屏的侧面。
  22. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述佩戴件包括左耳佩戴部以及右耳佩戴部，分别用于架设在用户的左、右耳。
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