WO2022156042A1 - 氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents

氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022156042A1
WO2022156042A1 PCT/CN2021/078740 CN2021078740W WO2022156042A1 WO 2022156042 A1 WO2022156042 A1 WO 2022156042A1 CN 2021078740 W CN2021078740 W CN 2021078740W WO 2022156042 A1 WO2022156042 A1 WO 2022156042A1
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pet
amino acid
acid dehydrogenase
ammonium
dehydrogenase
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洪浩
詹姆斯•盖吉
肖毅
张娜
焦学成
李�瑞
张燕青
杨益明
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Asymchem Life Science Tianjin Co Ltd
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Priority to KR1020237026569A priority Critical patent/KR20230128365A/ko
Priority to JP2023543130A priority patent/JP7575613B2/ja
Priority to EP21920431.0A priority patent/EP4261280A4/en
Priority to US18/262,127 priority patent/US20240084271A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
    • C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
    • C12N9/0014—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4)
    • C12N9/0016—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (1.4) with NAD or NADP as acceptor (1.4.1)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
    • C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular, to an amino acid dehydrogenase mutant and its application.
  • Amino acid dehydrogenase (AADH), the enzyme classification code is EC (1.4.1.X), can catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of amino acids and reductive amination of keto acids, and is an important amino acid synthesis and metabolic pathway. of enzymes.
  • amino acid dehydrogenase has the advantages of high stereoselectivity, high efficiency, mild reaction and environmental friendliness in the synthesis of chiral compounds, and the symmetrical reduction of latent chiral keto acids or ketones to prepare chiral amines.
  • the reaction catalyzed by amino acid dehydrogenase requires the participation of cofactors, including reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ).
  • NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  • NAD + oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  • the reduction cofactor NADH is generally required.
  • the oxidized cofactor NAD + will be added, and then regenerated into reduced NADH through a suitable cofactor regeneration system.
  • cofactor regeneration systems include glucose and glucose dehydrogenase, formate and formate dehydrogenase, secondary alcohol and secondary alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphite and phosphite dehydrogenase, and other similar systems. In general, the replacement of the coenzyme regeneration system will not substantially affect the function of amino acid dehydrogenase.
  • amino acid dehydrogenase Although amino acid dehydrogenase has a wide range of commercial value, its sources are relatively limited, and there is a problem of low yield of enzyme-producing strains. Therefore, directed evolution means to obtain amino acid dehydrogenase strains with excellent characteristics, which is very important for the production and application of amino acids. Hydrogenase is of great significance.
  • the present invention aims to provide an amino acid dehydrogenase mutant and its application, so as to solve the technical problem that the wild-type amino acid dehydrogenase in the prior art is not suitable for industrial production.
  • an amino acid dehydrogenase mutant has a sequence of amino acid mutation in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the amino acid mutation site includes the K144G site.
  • amino acid mutation site also includes any one or more of the following: L41I/L/T, G42V, G43N, T115I/L/V, M117L/Y, G118N, T119C/E/L/S, P121M/ S/T/W, L135I/V, K184M/N/S, G293A, and G294I/V, where "/" means "or".
  • amino acid mutation site includes any of the following combined mutation sites: K144G+L294I, K144G+L294I+L135V, K144G+L294I+T115I.
  • amino acid dehydrogenase mutant has K144G+L294I+L135V amino acid mutations, and is co-expressed with formate dehydrogenase FDH.
  • a DNA molecule is provided. This DNA molecule encodes the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant described above.
  • a recombinant plasmid is provided.
  • the recombinant plasmid is linked with the above-mentioned DNA molecule.
  • the recombinant plasmids are pET-22a(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET- 14b, pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+) , pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET -
  • a host cell contains any of the recombinant plasmids described above.
  • the host cells include prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells; preferably, the prokaryotic cells are E. coli BL21 cells or E. coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells, and the eukaryotic cells are yeast.
  • a method of producing amino acids includes the step of using amino acid dehydrogenase to catalyze the reductive amination reaction of ketone compounds, and the amino acid dehydrogenase is any one of the above amino acid dehydrogenase mutants.
  • the ketone compound is The product of the reductive amination reaction is Wherein, R 1 represents -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br or -CH 3 , and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent -H, -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br or -CH 3 ; preferably, the ketone compound is
  • the amino donor in the catalytic reductive amination reaction is ammonium formate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, ammonium oxalate, ammonium hydrogen oxalate, ammonium lactate or ammonium phosphate; preferably,
  • the conditions for the amino acid dehydrogenase catalyzed reductive amination reaction are 30 to 50° C., and the stirring speed is 50 to 250 rpm.
  • the catalytic reductive amination reaction also includes the use of 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL of formate dehydrogenase.
  • the above-mentioned amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention is based on the amino acid dehydrogenase shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and is mutated by the method of site-directed mutagenesis, thereby changing its amino acid sequence, realizing the change of protein structure and function, and then The amino acid dehydrogenase with the above-mentioned mutation site is obtained by the method of directional screening.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention has the advantage of greatly improving the enzyme activity, thereby reducing the amount of amino acid dehydrogenase used, and the enzyme specificity There is also a corresponding increase, thereby greatly reducing the cost in the industrial production of amino acids.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant A135L (Template) derived from Thermoactinomyces intermedius ATCC33205 in the patent (CN108795893A) can catalyze the target substrate to obtain the product, but the catalytic activity is poor.
  • the invention improves its catalytic activity and reduces the usage of amino acid dehydrogenase by means of directed evolution.
  • SEQ ID NO:1 MRDVFEMMDRYGHEQVIFCRHPQTGLKAIIALHNTTAGPALGGCRMIPYASTDEALEDVLRLSKGMTYKCSLADVDFGGGKMVIIGDPKKDKSPELFRVIGRFVGGLNGRFYTGTDMGTNPEDFVHAARESKSFLGLPKSYGGKGDTSIPTALGVFHGMRATARFLWGTDQLKGRVVAIQGVGKVGERLLQLLVEVGAYCKIADIDSVRCEQLKEKYGDKVQLVDVNRIHKESCDIFSPCAKGGVVNDDTIDEFRCLAIVGSANNQLVEDRHGALLQKRSICYAPDYLVNAGGLIQVADELEGFHEERVLAKTEAIYDMVLDIFHRAKNENITTCEAADRIVMERLKKLTDIRRILLEDPRNSARRLE*,* ⁇ ), ⁇ SEQ ID NO:2(ATGC
  • mutant K144G is about 5 times higher than that of the starting template. Subsequent mutations were continued using K144G as a template in order to obtain mutants with more significantly improved catalytic activity.
  • site-directed mutagenesis refers to the introduction of desired changes (usually changes in a favorable direction) into the target DNA fragment (which can be a genome or a plasmid) by methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including base additions, deletions, point mutations, etc.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • Site-directed mutagenesis can rapidly and efficiently improve the properties and characterization of target proteins expressed by DNA, and is a very useful method in genetic research.
  • the method of introducing site-directed mutagenesis by whole plasmid PCR is simple and effective, and is currently used more frequently.
  • the principle is that a pair of primers (forward and reverse) containing the mutation site is annealed to the template plasmid and then "cycled" with a polymerase. It terminates at the 5' end of the primer, and then goes through the cycle of repeated heating, annealing and extension. This reaction is different from rolling circle amplification and will not form multiple tandem copies.
  • the extension products of the forward and reverse primers are paired to become a nicked open-circle plasmid .Dpn I digestion extension product, because the original template plasmid is derived from conventional Escherichia coli, it is modified by dam methylation, and is sensitive to Dpn I and is cut into pieces, while the plasmid with mutated sequence synthesized in vitro has no methyl group. Therefore, the clone of the mutant plasmid can be obtained after successful transformation in the subsequent transformation. The mutant plasmid is transformed into E. coli cells, and then the crude enzyme is obtained by ultrasonically disrupting the cells.
  • the mutant plasmid was transformed into E. coli cells and overexpressed in E. coli.
  • the crude enzyme was then obtained by sonicating the cells.
  • the optimal conditions for amino acid dehydrogenase induction and expression 25°C, 0.1mM IPTG induction for 16h.
  • an amino acid dehydrogenase mutant is provided.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant has a sequence of amino acid mutation in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the amino acid mutation site includes the K144G site.
  • the amino acid mutation site also includes any one or more of the following: L41I/L/T, G42V, G43N, T115I/L/V, M117L/Y, G118N, T119C/E/L/S, P121M/ S/T/W, L135I/V, K184M/N/S, G293A and G294I/V, wherein "/" means "or”; more preferably, the amino acid mutation site includes any of the following combined mutation sites : K144G+L294I, K144G+L294I+L135V, K144G+L294I+T115I.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant has K144G+L294I+L135V amino acid mutations, and is co-expressed with formate dehydrogenase FDH.
  • the above-mentioned amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention is based on the amino acid dehydrogenase shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and is mutated by the method of site-directed mutagenesis, thereby changing its amino acid sequence and realizing the change of protein structure and function, The amino acid dehydrogenase with the above-mentioned mutation site is then obtained by the method of directional screening.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention has the advantage of greatly improving the enzymatic activity, and the specificity of the enzyme is also correspondingly improved, thereby greatly reducing the reduction of the enzyme activity. cost of industrial production.
  • a DNA molecule is provided.
  • the amino acid dehydrogenase encoded by the above DNA improves the activity of the enzyme and the stability of the enzyme, reduces the amount of the enzyme added in the industrial production of amino acids, and reduces the difficulty of post-processing.
  • DNA molecules of the present invention may also exist in the form of "expression cassettes".
  • "Expression cassette” refers to a linear or circular nucleic acid molecule encompassing DNA and RNA sequences capable of directing the expression of a particular nucleotide sequence in an appropriate host cell.
  • a promoter operably linked to the nucleotide of interest is included, optionally with a termination signal and/or other regulatory elements.
  • the expression cassette may also include sequences required for proper translation of the nucleotide sequence.
  • the coding region usually encodes the protein of interest, but also encodes the functional RNA of interest in either sense or antisense orientation, eg, antisense RNA or untranslated RNA.
  • An expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide sequence of interest can be chimeric, meaning that at least one of its components is heterologous to at least one of its other components. Expression cassettes can also be naturally occurring, but obtained with efficient recombinant formation for heterologous expression.
  • a recombinant plasmid is provided.
  • the recombinant plasmid contains any of the above DNA molecules.
  • the DNA molecules in the above-mentioned recombinant plasmids are placed in appropriate positions of the recombinant plasmids, so that the above-mentioned DNA molecules can be correctly and smoothly replicated, transcribed or expressed.
  • plasmid includes any plasmid, cosmid, bacteriophage or Agrobacterium binary nucleic acid molecule in double-stranded or single-stranded linear or circular form, preferably a recombinant expression plasmid, either a prokaryotic expression plasmid or a Can be a eukaryotic expression plasmid, but preferably a prokaryotic expression plasmid, in certain embodiments, the recombinant plasmid is selected from pET-22a(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+ ), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b, pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET- 20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b
  • a host cell is provided, and the host cell contains any one of the above-mentioned recombinant plasmids.
  • Host cells suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
  • the prokaryotic cells are Escherichia coli BL21 cells or Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells, and the eukaryotic cells are yeast.
  • a method for producing amino acids includes the step of catalyzing the transamination reaction of the ketone compound and the amino donor by an amino acid dehydrogenase, wherein the amino acid dehydrogenase is any one of the amino acid dehydrogenase mutants mentioned above. Since the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention has higher enzymatic catalytic activity, the amino acid prepared by using the amino acid dehydrogenase mutant of the present invention can not only reduce the production cost, but also the obtained amino acid e.e. value (enantiomer) excess) is higher.
  • the ketone compound is The product of the reductive amination reaction is wherein, R 1 represents -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br or -CH 3 , and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 independently represent -H, -OH, -F, -Cl, -Br or -CH 3 ;
  • the ketone compound is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
  • the amino donor in the catalytic reductive amination reaction is ammonium formate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, ammonium oxalate, ammonium hydrogen oxalate, ammonium lactate or ammonium phosphate; amino acid dehydrogenation
  • the conditions of the enzyme-catalyzed reductive amination reaction are 30-50° C., the stirring speed is 50-250 rpm, and the catalytic reductive amination reaction also includes the use of 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL of formate dehydrogenase.
  • A135L template Template, in which A135L represents amino acid A at position 135 is replaced by L
  • site-directed mutagenesis 40 mutants in 6 mutation sites in T115, L135, K144, T147, L294 and V297.
  • the reaction of Substrate 1 and Substrate 2 was verified.
  • the reaction system was: 0.1g substrate, 0.001g amino acid dehydrogenase, 0.001g formate dehydrogenase, 0.0256mg NAD + , 0.056g ammonium formate, 0.1M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0 , 1.1mL, 40°C, 16h, among which the K144G mutant had the highest transformation rate.
  • the specific results are shown in Table 1.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • Substrate 1 e.e.% Substrate 2 activity
  • Substrate 2 e.e.% K144G +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+L41I +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+L41K - >99 - >99 K144G+L41L +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+L41S - >99 - >99 K144G+L41T +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+G42V +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+G43N +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+G114S - >99 - >99 K144G+T115I ++++ >99 ++++ >99 K144G+T115L +++ >99 +++ >99 +++ >99 K144G+M117A - >99 - >99 K144G+M117L +++ >99 - >99 K144G+M117T - >99 - >99 K144G+M117T - >99 +
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • Combining saturation mutations can obtain mutants with synergistic effects among several mutation sites, and can optimize the composition of their amino acids.
  • K144G+L294I as the template, the mutation points L135V and T115I with better reaction were superimposed respectively.
  • the reaction conditions were: 0.1g substrate, 0.0005g amino acid dehydrogenase, 0.001g formate dehydrogenase, 0.0256mg NAD + , 0.056g formic acid Ammonium, 0.1M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0, 1mL, 40°C, 100rpm, 16h, the highest activity is K144G+L294I+L135V.
  • Table 3 The results are shown in Table 3.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • Substrate 1, 2, 3 and 4 reaction amplification K144G+L294I+L135V react and detect ee, the reaction conditions are: 1g substrate, 0.005g amino acid dehydrogenase, 0.01g formate dehydrogenase, NAD + 0.256mg, 0.056 g ammonium formate, 0.1 M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0, 1 mL, 40°C, 100 rpm.
  • Sampling method for detecting activity take out 0.5 mL of the reaction system, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 5 min, take 0.050 mL of supernatant and add 1 mL of purified water, mix well, and send it to HPLC to detect the conversion rate.
  • Sampling method for detecting ee take 1mL of the reaction system after conversion, adjust pH to 10-11 with 1M NaOH; add 0.1mL (BOC) 2 O, 30°C, 200rpm, 0.5h, adjust pH to 10-11 with 1M NaOH, 30 °C, 200rpm, 0.5h; add an equal volume of isopropyl acetate, adjust the pH to 2.0 with 6M HCl, take 0.5mL of the system, add 1mL of ethyl acetate, shake and mix; centrifuge at 12000rpm for 5min, take the supernatant and blow dry, add anhydrous Ethanol dissolved and sent to ee detection.
  • Table 4 The results are shown in Table 4.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • the K144G+L294I+L135V mutant was selected and the formate dehydrogenase was optimized.
  • the reaction conditions were: 0.1 g substrate, 0.0005 g amino acid dehydrogenase, NAD + 0.0256 mg, 0.056 g ammonium formate, 0.1 M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0 , 1mL, 40 °C, 100rpm, in which the activity of formate dehydrogenase was significantly reduced below 0.3mg, indicating that formate dehydrogenase was a non-limiting factor in the reaction process.
  • the results are shown in Table 5.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • reaction conditions of the co-expression strains were optimized, and K144G+L294I+L135V and formate dehydrogenase FDH were constructed into the co-expression plasmid pRSFDuet1, transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3), and the reaction was verified by adding substrate 1, and the reaction conditions, temperature and speed were optimized.
  • the reaction conditions are: 0.1g substrate, amino acid dehydrogenase 0.005g, NAD+0.0256mg, 0.1M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0, 1.1mL.
  • the results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were: 40 °C, 100 rpm. The results are shown in Table 7.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • Substrate 1, 2, 3 and 4 reaction amplification the co-expression strain K144G+L294I+L135V+FDH was reacted and detected ee, the reaction conditions were: 1g substrate, 0.05g amino acid dehydrogenase, NAD + 0.256mg, 0.1 M potassium phosphate solution pH 8.0, 1 mL, 40°C, 100rpm.
  • Sampling method for detecting activity take out 0.5 mL of the reaction system, centrifuge at 12000 rpm for 5 min, take 0.050 mL of supernatant and add 1 mL of purified water, mix well, and send it to HPLC to detect the conversion rate.
  • Sampling method for detecting ee take 1mL of the reaction system after conversion, adjust pH to 10-11 with 1M NaOH; add 0.1mL (BOC) 2 O, 30°C, 200rpm, 0.5h, adjust pH to 10-11 with 1M NaOH, 30 °C, 200rpm, 0.5h; add an equal volume of isopropyl acetate, adjust the pH to 2.0 with 6M HCl, take 0.5mL of the system, add 1mL of ethyl acetate, shake and mix; centrifuge at 12000rpm for 5min, take the supernatant and blow dry, add anhydrous Ethanol dissolved and sent to ee detection. The results are shown in Table 8.
  • + stands for 0.5-20%
  • + stands for 20-40%
  • ++ stands for 40-60%
  • +++ stands for 60-80%
  • ++++ stands for 80-90%
  • +++++ stands for greater than 90%.
  • any other combination of mutation sites may also have better effects, and the repetition of mutation sites on other amino acid dehydrogenases with higher homology should also have better effects.

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Abstract

提供了一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用，所述氨基酸脱氢酶的氨基酸序列具有如SEQ ID NO:1所示的序列，发生氨基酸突变的位点包括K144G位点。所述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体实现了蛋白质结构和功能的改变，酶活性提高，降低氨基酸脱氢酶的使用量，并且酶特异性也有相应提高，降低了氨基酸工业生产中的成本。

Description

氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
氨基酸脱氢酶(Amino acid dehydrogenase，简称AADH)，酶分类号为EC(1.4.1.X)，可以催化可逆的氨基酸氧化脱氨和酮酸还原胺化反应，是氨基酸合成和代谢途径中重要的酶类。其中，氨基酸脱氢酶在合成手性化合物方面，对称还原潜手性酮酸或酮制备手性胺具有高立体选择性、高效率、反应温和以及环境友好等优势。氨基酸脱氢酶催化的反应中，需要辅因子的参与，包括还原型的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和氧化型的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +)。
在进行酮的还原反应过程中，一般需要还原型的辅因子NADH的参与，而在实际反应中，会添加氧化型的辅因子NAD +，然后通过合适的辅因子再生体系再生为还原型的NADH。常用的辅因子再生体系包括葡萄糖和葡萄糖脱氢酶、甲酸盐和甲酸脱氢酶、仲醇和仲醇脱氢酶、亚磷酸盐和亚磷酸脱氢酶以及其它类似的系统。一般来说，辅酶再生体系的更换不会实质的影响氨基酸脱氢酶的功能。
虽然氨基酸脱氢酶具有广泛的商业价值，但其来源却较为有限，并且产酶菌株存在着产量低的问题，因此定向进化手段来获得具有优良特性的氨基酸脱氢酶菌株，对生产、应用氨基酸氢酶具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体及其应用，以解决现有技术中现有技术中野生型的氨基酸脱氢酶不适合应用于工业化生产的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。该氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有SEQ ID NO:1所示序列发生氨基酸突变的序列，发生氨基酸突变的位点包括K144G位点。
进一步地，发生氨基酸突变的位点还包括如下任意一个或多个：L41I/L/T、G42V、G43N、T115I/L/V、M117L/Y、G118N、T119C/E/L/S、P121M/S/T/W、L135I/V、K184M/N/S、G293A以及G294I/V，其中“/”表示“或”。
进一步地，发生氨基酸突变的位点包括如下任一种组合突变位点：K144G+L294I、K144G+L294I+L135V、K144G+L294I+T115I。
进一步地，氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有K144G+L294I+L135V氨基酸突变，且与甲酸脱氢酶FDH共表达。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种DNA分子。该DNA分子编码上述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。
根据本发明的再一个方面，提供一种重组质粒。该重组质粒连接有上述DNA分子。
进一步地，重组质粒为pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b、pET-15b(+)、pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-8、pUC-18、pRSFDuet1或pUC-19。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供一种宿主细胞。该宿主细胞含有上述任一种重组质粒。
进一步地，宿主细胞包括原核细胞或真核细胞；优选原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21细胞或大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞，真核细胞为酵母。
根据本发明的再一个方面，提供一种生产氨基酸的方法。该方法包括采用氨基酸脱氢酶对酮类化合物进行催化还原氨化反应的步骤，氨基酸脱氢酶为上述任一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。
进一步地，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000001
还原氨化反应产物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000002
其中，R 1代表-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3，R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5各自独立地代表-H、-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3；优选的，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000004
进一步地，催化还原氨化反应中的氨基供体为甲酸铵、氯化铵、氨基甲酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氨水、草酸铵、草酸氢铵、乳酸铵或磷酸铵；优选的，氨基酸脱氢酶催化还原氨 化反应的条件为30～50℃，搅拌转速为50～250rpm，催化还原氨化反应中还包括使用甲酸脱氢酶0.1mg/mL～1mg/mL。
本发明的上述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体是在SEQ ID NO：1所示的氨基酸脱氢酶基础上，通过定点突变的方法进行突变，从而改变其氨基酸序列，实现蛋白质结构和功能的改变，再通过定向筛选的方法，得到具有上述突变位点的氨基酸脱氢酶，本发明的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有酶活性大幅度提高的优势，进而降低氨基酸脱氢酶的使用量，并且酶特异性也有相应提高，从而大幅度降低了氨基酸工业生产中的成本。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
专利(CN108795893A)中来源于Thermoactinomyces intermedius ATCC33205的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体A135L(Template)可以催化目标底物得到产物，但是催化活性较差。本发明通过定向进化的方法提高其催化活性，降低氨基酸脱氢酶的使用量。本发明的模板氨基酸的序列为SEQ ID NO：1(MRDVFEMMDRYGHEQVIFCRHPQTGLKAIIALHNTTAGPALGGCRMIPYASTDEALEDVLRLSKGMTYKCSLADVDFGGGKMVIIGDPKKDKSPELFRVIGRFVGGLNGRFYTGTDMGTNPEDFVHAARESKSFLGLPKSYGGKGDTSIPTALGVFHGMRATARFLWGTDQLKGRVVAIQGVGKVGERLLQLLVEVGAYCKIADIDSVRCEQLKEKYGDKVQLVDVNRIHKESCDIFSPCAKGGVVNDDTIDEFRCLAIVGSANNQLVEDRHGALLQKRSICYAPDYLVNAGGLIQVADELEGFHEERVLAKTEAIYDMVLDIFHRAKNENITTCEAADRIVMERLKKLTDIRRILLEDPRNSARRLE*，*代表氨基酸终止密码子)，对应的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO：2(ATGCGTGACGTATTCGAAATGATGGATCGCTACGGCCACGAGCAGGTGATTTTC TGTCGTCATCCGCAGACTGGCCTGAAAGCGATCATCGCTCTGCATAACACCACTGCCGGTCCGGCACTGGGCGGTTGTCGCATGATTCCATACGCAAGCACCGATGAAGCTCTGGAAGACGTTCTGCGTCTGAGCAAAGGTATGACCTATAAATGCTCTCTGGCGGATGTTGATTTCGGTGGCGGTAAAATGGTGATTATCGGCGATCCGAAAAAGGATAAAAGCCCAGAACTGTTCCGTGTTATCGGTCGCTTCGTTGGCGGCCTGAACGGTCGTTTCTATACCGGTACTGATATGGGCACCAATCCGGAAGATTTCGTGCACGCCGCTCGCGAAAGCAAATCTTTTCTAGGTCTGCCTAAATCTTACGGTGGTAAAGGTGACACTTCTATCCCGACCGCACTGGGTGTATTTCACGGCATGCGCGCGACCGCCCGCTTTCTGTGGGGCACCGATCAACTGAAAGGTCGTGTTGTTGCTATCCAGGGTGTTGGCAAAGTGGGTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGCTGCTGGTGGAAGTGGGTGCATACTGCAAAATTGCTGATATTGACTCTGTACGTTGTGAGCAGCTGAAAGAAAAGTACGGCGACAAAGTCCAGCTGGTAGACGTGAACCGTATCCACAAAGAGTCTTGTGACATCTTCTCCCCGTGCGCAAAAGGCGGCGTAGTCAACGACGACACTATTGACGAATTCCGCTGCCTGGCGATTGTTGGTTCCGCGAACAATCAGCTGGTTGAAGATCGTCATGGCGCGCTGCTGCAAAAACGCTCCATTTGCTATGCCCCGGATTATCTGGTTAACGCTGGCGGTCTGATCCAGGTCGCAGACGAACTGGAGGGTTTTCACGAGGAGCGTGTGCTGGCGAAAACGGAAGCCATCTACGACATGGTTCTGGACATCTTCCACCGCGCTAAGAACGAAAACATCACTACCTGCGAAGC AGCGGACCGTATCGTAATGGAACGTCTGAAGAAGCTGACGGACATCCGTCGTATCCTGCTGGAAGATCCGCGTAACTCCGCGCGTCGTCTCGAGTGA)。
首先通过定点突变的方式在氨基酸脱氢酶上引入突变位点，对突变体进行活性检测，挑选活性提高的突变体。其中突变体K144G相较于起始模板，活性提高5倍左右。后续，以K144G为模板继续进行突变，以期得到催化活性提高更为显著的突变体。
其中，定点突变：是指通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等方法向目的DNA片段(可以是基因组，也可以是质粒)中引入所需变化(通常是表征有利方向的变化)，包括碱基的添加、删除、点突变等。定点突变能迅速、高效的提高DNA所表达的目的蛋白的性状及表征，是基因研究工作中一种非常有用的手段。
利用全质粒PCR引入定点突变的方法简单有效，是目前使用比较多的手段。其原理是，一对包含突变位点的引物(正、反向)，和模板质粒退火后用聚合酶“循环延伸”，(所谓的循环延伸是指聚合酶按照模版延伸引物，一圈后回到引物5’端终止，再经过反复加热退火延伸的循环，这个反应区别于滚环扩增，不会形成多个串联拷贝。正反向引物的延伸产物退火后配对成为带缺刻的开环质粒。Dpn I酶切延伸产物，由于原来的模版质粒来源于常规大肠杆菌，是经dam甲基化修饰的，对Dpn I敏感而被切碎，而体外合成的带突变序列的质粒由于没有甲基化而不被切开，因此在随后的转化中得以成功转化，即可得到突变质粒的克隆。将突变质粒转化至大肠杆菌细胞内，然后通过超声破碎细胞的方法获得粗酶。
上述得将突变质粒转化至大肠杆菌细胞内，在大肠杆菌中过量表达。然后通过超声破碎细胞的方法获得粗酶。氨基酸脱氢酶诱导表达最佳条件：25℃，0.1mM IPTG诱导16h。
通过采用软件对氨基酸脱氢酶的三维结构进行计算机模拟分析，发现突变的位点大部分位于活性中心附近，突变后有可能增强了底物和酶的结合，从而提高了催化效率。根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。该氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有SEQ ID NO:1所示序列发生氨基酸突变的序列，所述发生氨基酸突变的位点包括K144G位点。
优选的，发生氨基酸突变的位点还包括如下任意一个或多个：L41I/L/T、G42V、G43N、T115I/L/V、M117L/Y、G118N、T119C/E/L/S、P121M/S/T/W、L135I/V、K184M/N/S、G293A以及G294I/V，其中“/”表示“或”；更优选的，发生氨基酸突变的位点包括如下任一种组合突变位点：K144G+L294I、K144G+L294I+L135V、K144G+L294I+T115I。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有K144G+L294I+L135V氨基酸突变，且与甲酸脱氢酶FDH共表达。
本发明的上述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体是在SEQ ID NO：1所示的氨基酸脱氢酶的基础上，通过定点突变的方法进行突变，从而改变其氨基酸序列，实现蛋白质结构和功能的改变，再通过定向筛选的方法，得到具有上述突变位点的氨基酸脱氢酶，本发明的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有酶活性大幅度提高的优势，并且酶特异性也有相应提高，从而大幅度降低了工业生产的成本。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种DNA分子。上述DNA编码得到的氨基酸脱氢酶，提高了酶活性和酶的稳定性，在氨基酸的工业生产中可以减少加入的酶量，降低后处理难度。
本发明的上述DNA分子还可以以“表达盒”的形式存在。“表达盒”是指线性或环状的核酸分子，涵盖了能够指导特定核苷酸序列在恰当宿主细胞中表达的DNA和RNA序列。一般而言，包括与目标核苷酸有效连接的启动子，其任选的是与终止信号和/或其他调控元件有效连接的。表达盒还可以包括核苷酸序列正确翻译所需的序列。编码区通常编码目标蛋白，但在正义或反义方向也编码目标功能RNA，例如反义RNA或非翻译的RNA。包含目标多核苷酸序列的表达盒可以是嵌合的，意指至少一个其组分与其至少一个其他组分是异源的。表达盒还可以是天然存在的，但以用于异源表达的有效重组形成获得的。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种重组质粒。该重组质粒含有上述任一种DNA分子。上述重组质粒中的DNA分子置于重组质粒的适当位置，使得上述DNA分子能够正确地、顺利地复制、转录或表达。
虽然本发明在限定上述DNA分子时所用限定语为“含有”，但其并不意味着可以在DNA序列的两端任意加入与其功能不相关的其他序列。本领域技术人员知晓，为了满足重组操作的要求，需要在DNA序列的两端添加合适的限制性内切酶的酶切位点，或者额外增加启动密码子、终止密码子等，因此，如果用封闭式的表述来限定将不能真实地覆盖这些情形。
本发明中所使用的术语“质粒”包括双链或单链线状或环状形式的任何质粒、粘粒、噬菌体或农杆菌二元核酸分子，优选为重组表达质粒，可以是原核表达质粒也可以是真核表达质粒，但优选原核表达质粒，在某些实施方案中，重组质粒选自pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b、pET-15b(+)、pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-8、pUC-18、pRSFDuet1或pUC-19。更优选，上述重组质粒是pET-22b(+)。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种宿主细胞，宿主细胞含有上述任一种重组质粒。适用于本发明的宿主细胞包括但不仅限于原核细胞或真核细胞。优选原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21细胞或大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞，真核细胞为酵母。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种生产氨基酸的方法。该方法包括氨基酸脱氢酶对酮类化合物及氨基供体进行催化转氨基反应的步骤，氨基酸脱氢酶为上述任一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。由于本发明的上述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有更高的酶催化活性，因而利用本 发明的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体制备的氨基酸不仅能够降低生产成本，而且所获得的氨基酸e.e.值(对映体过量)更高。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000005
还原氨化反应产物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000006
其中，R 1代表-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3，R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5各自独立地代表-H、-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3；
优选的，酮类化合物为
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000007
优选的，催化还原氨化反应中的氨基供体为甲酸铵、氯化铵、氨基甲酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氨水、草酸铵、草酸氢铵、乳酸铵或磷酸铵；氨基酸脱氢酶催化还原氨化反应的条件为30～50℃，搅拌转速为50～250rpm，催化还原氨化反应中还包括使用甲酸脱氢酶0.1mg/mL～1mg/mL。
下面将结合具体的实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
底物1、2、3、4的反应验证：
底物1：
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000008
2-(1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙酸
底物2：
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000009
2-(2-羟基-1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙酸
底物3：
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000010
2-(3-氟基-1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙酸
底物4：
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000011
2-(3-甲基-1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙酸
实施例1
对A135L(模板Template，其中，A135L代表第135位的氨基酸A被替换为L)进行定点突变，在T115、L135、K144、T147、L294和V297共6个突变位点40个突变体，对底物1和底物2投反应验证，反应体系为：0.1g底物，0.001g氨基酸脱氢酶，0.001g甲酸脱氢酶，0.0256mg NAD +，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1.1mL，40℃，16h，其中K144G突变体转化率最高。具体结果见表1。
表1
突变体 底物1活性 底物1 e.e.％ 底物2活性 底物2 e.e.％
Template - ＞99 - ＞99
M66G - ＞99 - ＞99
T115C + ＞99 + ＞99
T115G - ＞99 + ＞99
T115I +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
T115L + ＞99 + ＞99
T115M + ＞99 ++ ＞99
T115Q +++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
T115V ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
L135D - ＞99 - ＞99
L135K ++ ＞99 + ＞99
L135Q - ＞99 - ＞99
L135S ++ ＞99 + ＞99
L135T ++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
L135V ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
K144C +++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
K144E ++ ＞99 + ＞99
K144G ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
K144H ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
K144L +++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
K144P +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144S +++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
K144Y ++ ＞99 + ＞99
T147K - ＞99 - ＞99
T147M - ＞99 - ＞99
T147S + ＞99 + ＞99
T147V - ＞99 - ＞99
T147Y - ＞99 - ＞99
L294A - ＞99 - ＞99
L294C ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
L294I ++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
L294L + ＞99 + ＞99
L294M ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
L294S ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
L294V ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
V297A + ＞99 - ＞99
V297D - ＞99 - ＞99
V297G - ＞99 - ＞99
V297K - ＞99 - ＞99
V297M - ＞99 - ＞99
V297V ++ ＞99 ++ ＞99
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例2
以K144G为模板，继续对L41、G42、G43、G114、T115、M117、G118、T119、P121、L135、K184、G293和L294的13个位点进行突变，得到共43个突变体，对底物1和底物2投反应验证，反应条件为：0.1g底物，0.0005g氨基酸脱氢酶，0.001g甲酸脱氢酶，0.0256mg NAD +，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1mL，40℃，16h，其中，加L135V、T115I和L294I位点后转化率提高。具体结果见表2。
表2
突变体 底物1活性 底物1 e.e.％ 底物2活性 底物2 e.e.％
K144G +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+L41I +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+L41K - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+L41L +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+L41S - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+L41T +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G42V +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G43N +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G114S - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+T115I ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
K144G+T115L +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+T115V +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+M117A - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+M117L +++ ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+M117T - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+M117V +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+M117Y +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G118A +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G118H - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+G118N + ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+G118Q - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+G118S - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+G118Y - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+T119A - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+T119C +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+T119E +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+T119L +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+T119N - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+T119S +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+P121M +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+P121S +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+P121T +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+P121W +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+L135I ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
K144G+L135V ++++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+K184H +++ ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+K184M +++ ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+K184N +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+K184S +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G293A +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+G293P - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+G293S - ＞99 - ＞99
K144G+L294I ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
K144G+L294V +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例3
组合饱和突变可以获得几个突变位点之间具有协同作用的突变体，而且可以对其氨基酸的组成进行优化组合。以K144G+L294I为模板，分别叠加反应较好的突变点L135V和T115I，反应条件为：0.1g底物，0.0005g氨基酸脱氢酶，0.001g甲酸脱氢酶，0.0256mg NAD +，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1mL，40℃，100rpm，16h，其中活性最高为K144G+L294I+L135V。结果见表3。
表3
突变位点 底物1活性 底物1 e.e.％ 底物2活性 底物2 e.e.％
K144G +++ ＞99 +++ ＞99
K144G+L294I ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
K144G+L294I+L135V +++++ ＞99 +++++ ＞99
K144G+L294I+T115I ++++ ＞99 ++++ ＞99
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例4
底物1、2、3和4反应放大：K144G+L294I+L135V投反应并检测e.e，反应条件为：1g底物，0.005g氨基酸脱氢酶，0.01g甲酸脱氢酶，NAD +0.256mg，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1mL，40℃，100rpm。
检测活性取样方法：取出反应体系0.5mL，12000rpm离心5min，取上清0.050mL加1mL 纯化水，混匀后送HPLC检测转化率。
检测e.e取样方法：取反应转化完体系1mL，用1M NaOH调pH至10-11；加0.1mL(BOC) 2O，30℃，200rpm，0.5h，用1M NaOH调pH至10-11，30℃，200rpm，0.5h；加等体积的乙酸异丙酯，用6M HCl调pH至2.0，取0.5mL体系加1mL乙酸乙酯振荡混匀；12000rpm离心5min，取上清吹干，加无水乙醇溶解送e.e检测。结果见表4。
表4
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000012
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例5
选择K144G+L294I+L135V突变体，对甲酸脱氢酶进行优化，反应条件为：0.1g底物，氨基酸脱氢酶0.0005g，NAD +0.0256mg，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1mL，40℃，100rpm，其中甲酸脱氢酶在0.3mg以下活性才有明显降低，说明反应过程中甲酸脱氢酶为非限制性因素。结果见表5。
表5
甲酸脱氢酶mg 底物1活性
0.05 ++
0.1 +++
0.2 ++++
0.3 +++++
0.4 +++++
0.5 +++++
0.6 +++++
0.7 +++++
0.8 +++++
0.9 +++++
1 +++++
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例6
甲酸脱氢酶0.3mg条件下，对K144G+L294I+L135V酶量进行优化，反应条件为：0.1g底物，NAD+0.0256mg，0.056g甲酸铵，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1.1mL，40℃，100rpm，随着酶量降低，转化率有明显下降，说明反应中氨基酸脱氢酶为限制性因素。结果见表6。
表6
氨基酸脱氢酶mg 底物1活性
1 +
2 ++
3 +++
4 ++++
5 +++++
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例7
共表达菌株反应条件优化，构建K144G+L294I+L135V和甲酸脱氢酶FDH至共表达质粒pRSFDuet1，转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)，投底物1反应验证，并对反应条件温度、转速优化，反应条件为：0.1g底物，氨基酸脱氢酶为0.005g，NAD+0.0256mg，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1.1mL。结果显示，最佳反应条件：40℃，100rpm。结果见表7。
表7
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000013
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
实施例8
底物1、2、3和4反应放大：对共表达菌株K144G+L294I+L135V+FDH投反应并检测e.e， 反应条件为：1g底物，0.05g氨基酸脱氢酶，NAD +0.256mg，0.1M磷酸钾溶液pH 8.0，1mL，40℃，100rpm。
检测活性取样方法：取出反应体系0.5mL，12000rpm离心5min，取上清0.050mL加1mL纯化水，混匀后送HPLC检测转化率。
检测e.e.取样方法：取反应转化完体系1mL，用1M NaOH调pH至10-11；加0.1mL(BOC) 2O，30℃，200rpm，0.5h，用1M NaOH调pH至10-11，30℃，200rpm，0.5h；加等体积的乙酸异丙酯，用6M HCl调pH至2.0，取0.5mL体系加1mL乙酸乙酯振荡混匀；12000rpm离心5min，取上清吹干，加无水乙醇溶解送e.e.检测。结果见表8。
表8
Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-000014
注：-代表0.5-20％，+代表20-40％，++代表40-60％，+++代表60-80％，++++代表80-90％，+++++代表大于90％。
反应完全后，将体系降温至10-30℃，用10N氢氧化钠调节pH＝9.8-10.2，加入boc酸酐，保温10-30℃反应(pH＝9.8-10.2)，反应毕，用35％硫酸调节pH＝7.5-8.5，加入10体积的乙酸异丙酯，再用35％硫酸调节pH＝1.8-2.2，搅拌5-10min，然后加入硅藻土，将体系过铺有硅藻土的压滤罐，滤饼用5体积乙酸异丙酯洗，合并后滤液在用10N氢氧化钠调节pH＝8.2-8.5，搅拌1h后，搅拌静置分液，向下层水相中加入15体积的乙酸异丙酯，用35％硫酸调节pH＝1.8-2.2，将体系升温至约40℃，保温搅拌3h后，静置1h分液，向水相中加入15V乙酸异丙酯，调节温度至约40℃保温3h后静置1h后分液，合并有机相，控温T≤50℃浓缩至约9体积，在10-15min内控温82-89℃加入20体积正庚烷，将体系逐渐降温，控制夹套温度在70℃保温1h，将体系继续降温至40℃，保温0.5h后继续降温至0-5℃，保温1h，将体系抽滤，用10v正庚烷淋洗滤饼，产品于55℃下干燥。称重得到产品0.8g，收率为80％。
本发明中，突变位点的其它任意组合也可能有较好的效果，突变位点在其它同源性较高氨基酸脱氢酶上进行重复，也应该有比较好的效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种氨基酸脱氢酶突变体，其特征在于，所述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有SEQ ID NO:1所示序列发生氨基酸突变的序列，所述发生氨基酸突变的位点为K144G位点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体，其特征在于，所述发生氨基酸突变的位点为如下任一种组合突变位点：K144G+L294I、K144G+L294I+L135V、K144G+L294I+T115I、K144G+L41I、K144G+L41K、K144G+L41L、K144G+L41S、K144G+L41T、K144G+G42V、K144G+G43N、K144G+G114S、K144G+T115I、K144G+T115L、K144G+T115V、K144G+M117A、K144G+M117L、K144G+M117T、K144G+M117V、K144G+M117Y、K144G+G118A、K144G+G118H、K144G+G118N、K144G+G118Q、K144G+G118S、K144G+G118Y、K144G+T119A、K144G+T119C、K144G+T119E、K144G+T119L、K144G+T119N、K144G+T119S、K144G+P121M、K144G+P121S、K144G+P121T、K144G+P121W、K144G+L135I、K144G+L135V、K144G+K184H、K144G+K184M、K144G+K184N、K144G+K184S、K144G+G293A、K144G+G293P、K144G+G293S或K144G+L294V。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体，其特征在于，所述氨基酸脱氢酶突变体具有K144G+L294I+L135V氨基酸突变，且与甲酸脱氢酶FDH共表达。
  4. 一种DNA分子，其特征在于，所述DNA分子编码权利要求1至3中任一项所述的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。
  5. 一种重组质粒，其特征在于，所述重组质粒连接有权利要求4所述的DNA分子。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的重组质粒，其特征在于，所述重组质粒为pET-22a(+)、pET-22b(+)、pET-3a(+)、pET-3d(+)、pET-11a(+)、pET-12a(+)、pET-14b、pET-15b(+)、pET-16b(+)、pET-17b(+)、pET-19b(+)、pET-20b(+)、pET-21a(+)、pET-23a(+)、pET-23b(+)、pET-24a(+)、pET-25b(+)、pET-26b(+)、pET-27b(+)、pET-28a(+)、pET-29a(+)、pET-30a(+)、pET-31b(+)、pET-32a(+)、pET-35b(+)、pET-38b(+)、pET-39b(+)、pET-40b(+)、pET-41a(+)、pET-41b(+)、pET-42a(+)、pET-43a(+)、pET-43b(+)、pET-44a(+)、pET-49b(+)、pQE2、pQE9、pQE30、pQE31、pQE32、pQE40、pQE70、pQE80、pRSET-A、pRSET-B、pRSET-C、pGEX-5X-1、pGEX-6p-1、pGEX-6p-2、pBV220、pBV221、pBV222、pTrc99A、pTwin1、pEZZ18、pKK232-8、pUC-18、pRSFDuet1或pUC-19。
  7. 一种宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述宿主细胞含有权利要求5或6所述的重组质粒。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述宿主细胞包括原核细胞或真核细胞。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的宿主细胞，其特征在于，所述原核细胞为大肠杆菌BL21细胞或大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞，所述真核细胞为酵母。
  10. 一种生产氨基酸的方法，包括采用氨基酸脱氢酶对酮类化合物进行催化还原氨化反应的步骤，其特征在于，所述氨基酸脱氢酶为权利要求1至3中任一项所述的氨基酸脱氢酶突变体。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酮类化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-100001
    还原氨化反应产物为
    Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-100002
    其中，R 1代表-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3，R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5各自独立地代表-H、-OH、-F、-Cl、-Br或-CH 3。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酮类化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021078740-appb-100004
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述催化还原氨化反应中的氨基供体为甲酸铵、氯化铵、氨基甲酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氨水、草酸铵、草酸氢铵、乳酸铵或磷酸铵。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氨基酸脱氢酶催化还原氨化反应的条件为30～50℃，搅拌转速为50～250rpm，所述催化还原氨化反应中还包括使用甲酸脱氢酶0.1mg/mL～1mg/mL。
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