WO2022163531A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163531A1 WO2022163531A1 PCT/JP2022/002226 JP2022002226W WO2022163531A1 WO 2022163531 A1 WO2022163531 A1 WO 2022163531A1 JP 2022002226 W JP2022002226 W JP 2022002226W WO 2022163531 A1 WO2022163531 A1 WO 2022163531A1
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- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the active material.
- the active material contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may cause a side reaction with the electrolyte, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity due to charging and discharging.
- zirconium hydroxide or zirconium oxide and Li 2 ZrF 6 , Li 2 TiF 6 , Li 3 PO 4 and Li 2 are added to the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide for the purpose of improving charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- a surface-modified lithium - containing composite oxide to which at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of SO4 and Li2SO4.H2O is attached is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as a method for producing a surface-modified lithium-containing composite oxide, a method of mixing powder of a lithium-containing composite oxide, a solution containing zirconium, and a solution containing an ammonium salt, followed by heat treatment. ing.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide an active material that contributes to improving the rate characteristics of batteries.
- An active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one aspect of the present disclosure, includes a core capable of reversibly occluding and releasing Li and a compound attached to the surface of the core, and the compound has the general formula M1 a M2F b (0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.2, 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 6, M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, K, and Na, M2 is a transition metal, and Al, Si , B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes an electrode containing the active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a counter electrode of the electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
- the surface of the active material has the general formula M1 a M2F b (0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.2, 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 6, M1 consists of Li, K, and Na
- M2 is a transition metal, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr
- the rate characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved by adhering the compound represented by the element). It is presumed that this compound specifically suppresses the side reaction, thereby protecting the active material and maintaining the discharge capacity even at a high rate.
- a cylindrical battery in which a wound electrode body is housed in a cylindrical battery case is exemplified, but the electrode body is not limited to a wound type, and a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are interposed between separators. It may be of a laminated type in which one sheet is alternately laminated on the other.
- the battery case is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, rectangular, coin-shaped, or the like, or may be a battery case composed of a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- an electrode body 14 and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) are housed in an exterior body 15 .
- the electrode body 14 has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) of the non-aqueous electrolyte carbonates, lactones, ethers, ketones, esters, etc. can be used, and two or more of these solvents can be mixed and used. .
- a mixed solvent containing a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate For example, cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC) can be used, and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate ( DEC) or the like can be used.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC)
- chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate ( DEC) or the like can be used.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- the electrolyte salt of the non-aqueous electrolyte LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the amount of electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent can be, for example, 0.5 to 2.0 mol/L.
- the sealing member 16 side will be referred to as "upper”
- the bottom side of the outer package 15 will be referred to as "lower”.
- the inside of the secondary battery 10 is hermetically sealed by closing the opening end of the exterior body 15 with the sealing body 16 .
- Insulating plates 17 and 18 are provided above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 19 extends upward through the through hole of the insulating plate 17 and is welded to the lower surface of the filter 22 which is the bottom plate of the sealing member 16 .
- the cap 26, which is the top plate of the sealing member 16 electrically connected to the filter 22, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 passes through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 , extends to the bottom side of the exterior body 15 , and is welded to the bottom inner surface of the exterior body 15 .
- the exterior body 15 becomes a negative electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 When the negative electrode lead 20 is installed at the terminal end, the negative electrode lead 20 extends through the outside of the insulating plate 18 toward the bottom of the package 15 and is welded to the inner surface of the bottom of the package 15 .
- the exterior body 15 is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical metal exterior can.
- a gasket 27 is provided between the exterior body 15 and the sealing body 16 to ensure hermetic sealing of the inside of the secondary battery 10 .
- the exterior body 15 has a grooved portion 21 that supports the sealing body 16 and is formed, for example, by pressing the side portion from the outside.
- the grooved portion 21 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the exterior body 15 and supports the sealing body 16 via a gasket 27 on its upper surface.
- the sealing body 16 has a filter 22, a lower valve body 23, an insulating member 24, an upper valve body 25, and a cap 26 which are stacked in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 16 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member other than the insulating member 24 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 are connected to each other at their central portions, and an insulating member 24 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 that constitute the secondary battery 10 will be described below.
- a predetermined compound is applied to the active material (positive electrode active material) contained in the positive electrode 11 will be described as an example. may be applied, or the compound may be applied to both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode 11 has, for example, a positive electrode core such as a metal foil, and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode core.
- a positive electrode core such as a metal foil, and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode core.
- a foil of a metal such as aluminum that is stable in the positive electrode potential range, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, etc. is applied onto the positive electrode core, dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then the positive electrode mixture layer is rolled. It can be produced by
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon-based particles such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- binders contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material contains, for example, a lithium-containing composite oxide as a core capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating Li.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide has a layered structure.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may have, for example, a layered structure belonging to space group R-3m, a layered structure belonging to space group C2/m, or the like. From the viewpoints of high capacity, stability of the crystal structure, etc., the lithium-containing composite oxide preferably has a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the particle size of the primary particles that make up the secondary particles is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of primary particles is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in a particle image observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the volume-based median diameter (D50) of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the composite oxide (Z) can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide has the general formula Li x Ni y M3 1-y O 2 (0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, M3 consists of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe at least one element selected from the group).
- the mole fraction of each element constituting the lithium-containing composite oxide can be measured by, for example, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- x which indicates the ratio of Li in the lithium-containing composite oxide, preferably satisfies 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, and more preferably satisfies 1.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4.
- x ⁇ 0.9 the battery capacity may be lower than when x satisfies the above range.
- x>1.4 the charge/discharge cycle characteristics may be deteriorated compared to when x satisfies the above range.
- y which indicates the ratio of Ni to the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li in the lithium-containing composite oxide, preferably satisfies 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, and satisfies 0.7 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.95. is more preferred.
- M3 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe) relative to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li in the lithium-containing composite oxide is an optional component, and its ratio 1-y, which indicates , satisfies 0 ⁇ 1-y ⁇ 0.6.
- M1 is from the group consisting of Li, K, and Na
- M2 is a transition metal
- a compound represented by is attached.
- the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide that is the core is the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the compound may adhere to the inside of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide, that is, to the surfaces of the primary particles. Since the compound is also attached to the surfaces of the primary particles, the rate characteristics of the secondary battery 10 can be further improved.
- the compound may be present in dots so as to cover at least part of the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, or may be present so as to cover the entire surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the particle size of the compound is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the compound is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in the particle image observed by SEM. Specifically, after specifying the outer shape of 20 randomly selected particles, the major diameter (longest diameter) of each of the 20 particles is obtained, and the average value thereof is taken as the particle diameter of the compound.
- M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Li, K, and Na
- M2 is a transition metal , and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr
- M is Li
- M2 is preferably Ti, Zr, Si, B, P.
- the compound is more preferably Li a TiF b (0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.2, 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 6), and particularly preferably Li 2 TiF 6 . Since Li 2 TiF 6 is a lithium ion conductive material, it is preferably used as a compound.
- the compound is a deposit adhered to the surface of the core lithium-containing composite oxide by dry mixing.
- dry mixing for example, a mechanofusion method may be used, or the lithium-containing composite oxide and the compound may be placed in a mortar and compression mixed with a pestle.
- the amount of the compound attached to the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 0.01 mol% to 1 mol%, more preferably 0.05 mol% to 0.5 mol%, and 0.1 mol% to 0.3 mol. % is particularly preferred.
- the presence of the compound on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the adhesion amount of the compound to the lithium-containing composite oxide can also be measured by XRD.
- M1 is a group consisting of Li, K and Na on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide M2 is one or more elements selected from transition metals and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr ) to which the compound represented by ) adheres is referred to as “composite oxide (Y)”.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the secondary battery 10 may contain the composite oxide (Y) as a main component, and may be substantially composed only of the composite oxide (Y). Note that the positive electrode active material may contain a composite oxide other than the composite oxide (Y) or other compounds within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present disclosure.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide that is the core can be synthesized, for example, by adding a Li source to the Li-free composite compound (X), mixing the mixture, and firing the mixture at 200°C to 1050°C.
- the composite compound (X) include composite oxides containing Ni, Mn, etc., hydroxides, carbonate compounds, and the like.
- LiOH etc. can be illustrated as a Li source.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide is washed with water by a known method and conditions, and the amount of LiOH remaining on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide after washing varies depending on the washing conditions. After being washed with water, the lithium-containing composite oxide is dried to become powder.
- the median diameter (D50) of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be adjusted by the firing conditions and the like.
- a powdery lithium-containing composite oxide is added with the general formula M1 a M2F b (0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.2, 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 6, M1 is from the group consisting of Li, K, and Na
- M2 is a transition metal
- one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr is added and dry mixed.
- the above compound adheres to the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide to obtain a composite oxide (Y).
- the particle size of the compound before dry mixing is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the compound is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in the particle image observed by SEM. Specifically, after specifying the outer shape of 20 randomly selected particles, the major diameter (longest diameter) of each of the 20 particles is determined, and the average value thereof is taken as the particle diameter of the compound.
- the amount of the compound added to the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 0.01 mol% to 1 mol%, more preferably 0.05 mol% to 0.5 mol%, and 0.1 mol% to 0.3 mol. % is particularly preferred. Within this range, an appropriate amount of the compound can be attached to the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, so side reactions on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be suppressed.
- dry mixing for example, a mechanofusion method may be used, or the lithium-containing composite oxide and the compound may be placed in a mortar and compression mixed with a pestle. Dry mixing may be performed, for example, at room temperature for 3 to 30 minutes.
- the negative electrode 12 has, for example, a negative electrode core such as a metal foil, and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core.
- a negative electrode core such as a metal foil
- a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode is produced, for example, by coating a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. on a negative electrode core, drying it to form a negative electrode mixture layer, and then rolling this negative electrode mixture layer. can.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains, as a negative electrode active material, a carbon-based active material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions, for example.
- a carbon-based active material are graphite such as natural graphite such as flake graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
- a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used as the negative electrode active material, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, etc. can be used as in the case of the positive electrode, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) can also be used.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably further contains CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like. Among them, it is preferable to use SBR together with CMC or its salt or PAA or its salt.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like are suitable for the material of the separator.
- the separator may have either a single layer structure or a laminated structure.
- a heat-resistant layer or the like may be formed on the surface of the separator.
- the positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) are mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 96.3: 2.5: 1.2, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added. After adding, this was kneaded to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled using a roller and cut into a predetermined electrode size to form a positive electrode core. A positive electrode having positive electrode mixture layers formed on both sides was obtained.
- Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:6 to obtain a non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 in this non-aqueous solvent at a concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
- a lead wire was attached to each of the positive electrode and the counter electrode made of Li metal, and the positive electrode and the counter electrode were arranged to face each other with a separator made of polyolefin interposed therebetween to prepare an electrode body.
- This electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte were enclosed in an outer package made of an aluminum laminate film to prepare a test cell.
- Example 2 A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, the D50 of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 5 ⁇ m, and the amount of Li 2 TiF 6 added was changed to 0.25 mol %. and evaluated.
- Example 1 A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Li 2 TiF 6 was not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, and the lithium-containing composite oxide was used as it was as the positive electrode active material. .
- Example 2 A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2, except that Li 2 TiF 6 was not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material, and the lithium-containing composite oxide was used as it was as the positive electrode active material. .
- Table 1 summarizes the results of charge capacity, discharge capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, average discharge voltage, and rate characteristics of the test cells of Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 1 also shows the median diameter (D50) of the lithium-containing composite oxide, the composition of the additive, and the additive amount of the additive.
- test cells of Examples 1 and 2 had higher rate characteristics than the test cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- test cell of the example showed performance comparable to that of the comparative example in terms of charge capacity, discharge capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, average discharge voltage, and rate characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、例えば、金属箔等の正極芯体と、正極芯体上に形成された正極合材層とを有する。正極芯体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む。正極は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極芯体上に塗布、乾燥して正極合材層を形成した後、この正極合材層を圧延することにより作製できる。
負極12は、例えば、金属箔等の負極芯体と、負極芯体の表面に設けられた負極合材層とを有する。負極芯体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、例えば、負極活物質及び結着材を含む。負極は、例えば、負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを負極芯体上に塗布、乾燥して負極合材層を形成した後、この負極合材層を圧延することにより作製できる。
セパレータには、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータの表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
[正極活物質の合成]
メジアン径(D50)が17μmで、組成がLiNi0.8Mn0.2O2のリチウム含有複合酸化物に対して、0.12モル%の割合でLi2TiF6を添加し、この混合物を乳鉢に入れて乳棒で圧縮混合した。この乾式混合は、室温で、15分間行った。これにより、LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2で表されるリチウム含有複合酸化物の表面にLi2TiF6が付着した正極活物質を得た。なお、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面にLi2TiF6が付着しており、その量は添加量と同じ0.12モル%であることを、XRDにより確認した。
上記正極活物質と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を、96.3:2.5:1.2の固形分質量比で混合し、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えた後、これを混練して正極合材スラリーを調製した。当該正極合材スラリーをアルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極芯体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を得た。
フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、1:1:6の体積比で混合して、非水溶媒を得た。この非水溶媒に、LiPF6を、1.0mol/Lの濃度で、溶解させることによって、非水電解質を得た。
上記正極及びLi金属製の対極にリード線をそれぞれ取り付け、ポリオレフィン製のセパレータを介して正極と対極を対向配置することにより、電極体を作製した。この電極体及び上記非水電解質を、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムで構成された外装体内に封入して、試験セルを作製した。
25℃の温度環境下、0.2Cの定電流でセル電圧が4.5Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.5Vで電流値が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.2Cの定電流でセル電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この時の、充電容量、放電容量、及び平均放電電圧を測定した。また、放電容量を充電容量で除して充放電効率を算出した。
25℃の温度環境下、0.2Cの定電流でセル電圧が4.5Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.5Vで電流値が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.2Cの定電流でセル電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、0.2Cにおける放電容量C1を測定した。次に、0.5Cの定電流でセル電圧が4.5Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、4.5Vで電流値が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、1Cの定電流でセル電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行い、1Cにおける放電容量C2を測定した。レート特性は、以下の式より算出した。
レート特性(%)=C2/C1×100
正極活物質の合成において、リチウム含有複合酸化物のD50が5μmであり、Li2TiF6の添加量を0.25モル%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。
正極活物質の合成において、Li2TiF6を添加せず、リチウム含有複合酸化物をそのまま正極活物質として使用したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。
正極活物質の合成において、Li2TiF6を添加せず、リチウム含有複合酸化物をそのまま正極活物質として使用したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。
Claims (5)
- Liを可逆的に吸蔵放出可能なコアと、前記コアの表面に付着した化合物とを含み、
前記化合物は、一般式M1aM2Fb(0.1≦a≦2.2、2≦b≦6、M1は、Li、K、及び、Naからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素、M2は、遷移金属、並びに、Al、Si、B、P、Sn、Ge、Sb、Bi、Mg、Ca、及びSrからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素)で表される、非水電解質二次電池用活物質。 - 前記M1はLiであり、前記M2はTiである、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 前記コアは、層状構造を有し、一般式LixNiyM31-yO2(0.9≦x≦1.4、0.4≦y≦1、M3はMn、Co、Al、及びFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表される、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 前記化合物は、乾式混合により前記コアの表面に付着させられた付着物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質を含む電極と、前記電極の対極と、電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池。
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| US18/273,380 US20240145680A1 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2022-01-21 | Active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| EP22745752.0A EP4287315A4 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2022-01-21 | ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY BATTERY WITH ANHYDROUS ELECTROLYTE |
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| Title |
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| CHOI, Wonchang et al. Versatile Coating of Lithium Conductive Li2TiF6 on Over-lithiated Layered Oxide in Lithium-Ion Batteries, Electrochemica Acta, 11 December 201, 2014, vol. 117, pp. 492-497 * |
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