WO2022170842A1 - 一种天线及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种天线及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170842A1
WO2022170842A1 PCT/CN2021/137028 CN2021137028W WO2022170842A1 WO 2022170842 A1 WO2022170842 A1 WO 2022170842A1 CN 2021137028 W CN2021137028 W CN 2021137028W WO 2022170842 A1 WO2022170842 A1 WO 2022170842A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
point
radiator
antenna
sheet
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/137028
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余冬
王家明
薛亮
李元鹏
王汉阳
侯猛
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to US18/264,859 priority Critical patent/US12500339B2/en
Priority to EP21925489.3A priority patent/EP4274025A4/en
Publication of WO2022170842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170842A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to a patch antenna and an electronic device having the patch antenna.
  • the present application provides an antenna with low SAR, low directivity and high efficiency, the antenna comprising:
  • a sheet-shaped radiator the sheet-shaped radiator has a first side and a second side, the first side intersects the second side, the sheet-shaped radiator has a first coupling point and a second side Two coupling points;
  • first coupling point and the second coupling point are arranged at intervals, the distance between the first coupling point and the first side, the distance between the first coupling point and the second side, The distance between the second coupling point and the first side and the distance between the second coupling point and the second side are both greater than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ ; where ⁇ is the operating frequency range of the antenna. within the operating wavelength.
  • the ⁇ is the maximum operating wavelength of the antenna within its operating frequency band.
  • the distance between the first coupling point and the first side is H1, and the distance between the first coupling point and the second side is W1;
  • the distance between the second coupling point and the first side is H2, and the distance between the second coupling point and the second side is W2;
  • the antenna further includes a feeding point
  • the sheet radiator is a bracket antenna radiator
  • the first grounding point, the second grounding point and the feeding point are the same as the The bracket antenna is directly connected.
  • first coupling point and the second coupling point are arranged at intervals along the first direction on the sheet-shaped radiator, or, the first coupling point, the second coupling point
  • Two coupling points are arranged on the sheet radiator at intervals along a second direction, wherein the first direction is the extension direction of the first side, and the second direction is the extension of the second side extension direction.
  • the distance between the first coupling point and the second coupling point is greater than 0.1 ⁇ , or along the second direction, the first coupling point The distance between the contact point and the second coupling point is greater than 0.1 ⁇ .
  • the lengths of the first side edge and the second side edge are both less than 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the sheet-shaped radiator is rectangular, two first sides are arranged, two first sides are arranged opposite to each other, and two second sides are arranged , the two second side edges are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the length of the first side edge is greater than the length of the second side edge.
  • the antenna further includes a switch module, and the switch module is connected to the first ground point and the second ground point, and is used for connecting the first ground point and the second ground point. Both grounding points are connected to the ground or both are disconnected from the ground.
  • the sheet-shaped radiator is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided on the first side edge and is recessed along the second direction; or, the groove is provided on the The second side edge is recessed along the first direction.
  • the antenna further includes a feeding point
  • the sheet-shaped radiator is a suspended radiator
  • the first grounding point, the second grounding point and the feeding point are respectively indirect coupled to the suspended radiator.
  • the antenna further includes a first branch, the sheet-shaped radiator is spaced apart from the first branch, and the first ground point and the second ground point are located at on the first branch, and indirectly coupled to the ground for the sheet radiator through the first branch.
  • the antenna further includes a second branch, the sheet-shaped radiator is arranged at an interval from the second branch, the feeding point is set on the second branch, and the first branch is connected to the second branch.
  • the two branches are indirectly coupled to feed the sheet-shaped radiator.
  • the sheet radiator is a radiator of a patch antenna.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes a main board, a battery cover and the antenna in any of the foregoing embodiments, the main board, the antenna and the battery cover are located along the surface of the electronic device.
  • the thickness directions are set sequentially.
  • the antenna further includes a bracket, the sheet radiator is arranged on the bracket, the bracket is arranged on the main board, or the antenna further includes a flexible circuit board, so The sheet-shaped radiator is arranged on the flexible circuit board, and the flexible circuit board is connected to the main board.
  • the battery cover includes an insulating inner surface
  • the sheet-shaped radiator is a suspended radiator disposed on the insulating inner surface
  • the first grounding point, the second grounding point The locations are respectively indirectly coupled to the suspended radiators.
  • the suspended radiator is indirectly coupled to the ground through the first branch, and the main board, the first branch, the suspended radiator and the battery cover are located along the electronic
  • the thickness direction of the device is set sequentially.
  • At least two ground points are coupled on the sheet radiator, and the distance between the coupling point of each ground point on the sheet radiator and each side is greater than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the working wavelength of the antenna in its working frequency band, so that the current on the patch radiator can be evenly dispersed around, so as to form a pattern distributed around, reduce the directivity coefficient, and make the patch antenna It has the characteristics of low SAR and high efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a patch antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • 6(a) and 6(b) are the directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of another patch antenna.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 12(a) and FIG. 12(b) are the directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another patch antenna.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 18(a) and FIG. 18(b) are directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another patch antenna.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 19 .
  • Fig. 24(a) and Fig. 24(b) are directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in Fig. 19 .
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the electric field distribution of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 25 .
  • 30(a) and 30(b) are the directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic circuit diagram of a switch module in a patch antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna with the switch module added.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of a patch antenna with a switch module.
  • FIG. 34 is a directional diagram of a patch antenna to which a switch module is added.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 35 .
  • FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 35 .
  • Figures 38(a)-38(d) are directional diagrams of the patch antenna shown in Figure 35 .
  • FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of coupling between a patch antenna and a radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of S11 of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 39 .
  • FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 39 .
  • FIG. 43 is a pattern of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 39 .
  • the C mode and D mode are defined according to the flow direction of the current generated in the antenna.
  • the current generated on the antenna radiator is based on the ground point, the current diverges to the surrounding (for example, the ground point is used as the base point and flows symmetrically. current), it is defined as the C-mode mode of the antenna; when the currents generated on the antenna radiator flow in the same direction, it is defined as the D-mode mode of the antenna.
  • the patch antenna operating in the C-mode mode needs at least one ground point. When the ground point is at a certain distance from the periphery of the patch antenna radiator, the ground point is used as the base point, and the current generated on the patch antenna radiator flows.
  • the patch antenna working in D-mode mode does not need a ground point (it should be understood that a patch antenna working in D-mode mode can also have a ground point),
  • the currents generated on the patch antenna radiator flow in the same direction, and the radiation is mainly realized by the patch antenna radiator.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna 1'.
  • Patch antenna 1' is also called a patch antenna, or a flat panel antenna.
  • the patch antenna 1' shown in Fig. 1 is, for example, a rectangle, the length and width are 32mm*19mm, the grounding point 2' is for example set on the upper left side of the patch antenna 1' shown in the figure, the feeding point 3' (the antenna is connected to the feeder The position is called the feed point, the feed line is the connection between the antenna and the receiver) bias, adopt capacitive feed (for example, the feed point 3' and the feed line are indirectly coupled, or the feed point 3' and the feed line are connected in series) A capacitor), for example, is provided on the lower right side of the patch antenna 1' as shown in the figure.
  • a capacitor for example, is provided on the lower right side of the patch antenna 1' as shown in the figure.
  • a co-directional current is generated on the patch antenna 1', that is, the D-mode mode of the patch antenna is excited. Further, a 1.5pF capacitor and a 0.5nH inductor are connected in parallel with the grounding point 2' to load the D-mode antenna into the 2.4G frequency band, wherein the capacitors and inductors connected to the grounding point 2' are used for frequency modulation. A 0.5pF capacitor and a 1nH inductor are connected in series on the feed point 3', and the capacitor and inductor connected to the feed point 3' are used for impedance matching.
  • the S11 (S11) of the patch antenna in Figure 1 represents the return loss characteristic of the antenna. This parameter indicates whether the transmission efficiency of the antenna is good or not.
  • FIG. 1 shows the efficiency of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Figure 4 is the current distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Figure 1, the arrow direction in the figure represents the direction of the current, as can be seen from the figure, it mainly produces horizontal co-directional current, refer to shown in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 5 is the electric field distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 1. It can be seen from the figure that the electric field in the middle part is the weakest, and the electric field on both sides is the strongest.
  • FIG. 6(a) and FIG. 6(b) are directional diagrams from different viewing angles, from which the directivity of the patch antenna in FIG. 1 can be read. Table 1 below shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Table 1 shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 1
  • the above-mentioned patch antenna works in the D-mode mode, which mainly generates co-directional current, and the -5.5dB efficiency bandwidth covers 10MHz, but its SAR value is high (4.67) and the directivity is high (6.21). Among them, the efficiency can be read from Fig. 3, and the directionality can be read from Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b).
  • the body SAR corresponds to the simulation efficiency
  • the normalized body SAR corresponds to the normalized efficiency
  • the simulation efficiency and the body SAR are normalized to compare the body SAR under the same efficiency, so that the comparison results are more accurate. Accurate, for example, when the normalized efficiency of all antennas is -5, then the normalized body SAR value of that antenna is small, which means that the SAR value of the patch antenna is small.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another patch antenna 1'.
  • the patch antenna 1' is, for example, a rectangle, the length and width are 32mm*19mm, the ground point 2' is set in the middle of the patch antenna 1' as shown in the figure, and the feed point 3' is offset, using capacitive feed, such as set in the figure.
  • the lower right side of patch antenna 1' Further, a 0.5pF capacitor and a 1nH inductor are connected in series with the feeding point 3'.
  • the patch antenna 1' generates a lateral current diverging from the ground point (for example, a lateral current symmetrical with the ground point as the center), that is, the C-mode mode of the patch antenna 1' is excited, and the C-mode mode has a lateral current,
  • the operating frequency band is 2.4GHz, and the D-mode mode of the patch antenna can also be excited.
  • the D-mode mode has lateral current, and the operating frequency band is 2.8GHz.
  • Fig. 8 The S11 and efficiency generated by the patch antenna are shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, respectively.
  • Fig. 10 is the current distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 7.
  • the arrow direction in the figure represents the current direction. It can be seen from the figure that it mainly produces lateral symmetrical current.
  • Fig. 11 is an electric field distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 7. It can be seen from the figure that the electric field on both sides of the patch antenna is the strongest.
  • Figures 12(a) and 12(b) are directional diagrams from different viewing angles, from which the directivity of the patch antenna shown in Figure 7 can be read; Table 2 below shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 7.
  • Table 2 shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 7
  • the above patch antenna needs to set three ground points 2' along the longitudinal direction, which excites the C-mode mode of the patch antenna, which has a symmetrical lateral current.
  • the -5dB efficiency bandwidth covers 100MHz, but its SAR value is low (1.59), the direction map is distributed left and right, less up and down, and higher directionality (4.38).
  • the efficiency can be read from Fig. 9, and the directionality can be read from Fig. 12(a) and Fig. 12(b).
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another patch antenna 1'.
  • the patch antenna 1' is, for example, a rectangle, and its length and width are 32mm*19mm.
  • the ground point 2' is set on the upper edge of the patch antenna 1' as shown in the figure, for example, and the feed point 3' is offset, using capacitive feed, for example, set at The lower right side of the patch antenna 1' is shown.
  • the feeding point 3' is connected in series with a 0.5pF capacitor and a 1nH inductor.
  • the patch antenna 1' generates a longitudinal current diverging from the ground point, which excites the C-mode mode of the patch antenna.
  • the C-mode mode has longitudinal currents, and the operating frequency band is 2.4GHz, and can also excite the D-mode of the patch antenna.
  • the D-mode mode has lateral current, and the operating frequency band is 3.7GHz. It should be understood that the grounding points of the patch antenna 1' in Fig. 13 are all set on the upper edge of the patch antenna 1', so the C-mode mode of the antenna only generates a current diverging downward from the grounding point.
  • Figure 14 and Figure 15 show the S11 and efficiency generated by the patch antenna, respectively.
  • Figure 16 is the current distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Figure 13 .
  • FIG. 17 is an electric field distribution diagram of the patch antenna in FIG. 13 . It can be seen from the figure that the electric field on the lower side is the strongest.
  • Figure 18(a) and Figure 18(b) are directional diagrams from different viewing angles, from which the directivity of the patch antenna in Figure 13 can be read;
  • Table 3 below shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Table 3 shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 13
  • the above patch antenna needs to set up multiple ground points 2' horizontally, which stimulates the C-mode mode of the patch antenna, which has a longitudinal current.
  • the -4.9dB efficiency bandwidth covers 100MHz, but its SAR value is low ( 1.17), the pattern is shifted to one side, and the directionality is higher (4.81).
  • the efficiency can be read from Fig. 15, and the directionality can be read from Fig. 18(a) and Fig. 18(b).
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another patch antenna 1'.
  • the patch antenna 1' is, for example, a rectangle, and its length and width are 14mm*19mm.
  • the grounding point 2' is, for example, set at the upper left of the middle of the patch antenna 1' as shown in the figure.
  • the feeding point 3' is offset and adopts capacitive feed. For example, it is set at the lower right of the middle of the patch antenna 1' in the figure. Further, the feeding point 3' is connected in series with a 0.5pF capacitor and a 1nH inductor.
  • the patch antenna 1' generates a current that radiates from the ground point to the surrounding, which excites the C-mode mode of the patch antenna, which has horizontal and vertical currents, and the operating frequency is 2.4GHz.
  • FIG. 22 is the current distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 19.
  • the direction of the arrow in the figure represents the direction of the current. It can be seen from the figure that there are horizontal and longitudinal current.
  • FIG. 23 is an electric field distribution diagram of the patch antenna in FIG. 19 . It can be seen from the figure that the electric field on the lower side is the strongest.
  • Figures 24(a) and 24(b) are directional diagrams from different viewing angles, from which the directivity of the patch antenna shown in Figure 19 can be read; Table 4 below shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 19.
  • Table 4 shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 19
  • the above patch antenna only needs to set one ground point 2', which stimulates the C-mode mode of the patch antenna.
  • the C-mode mode has both lateral current and vertical current, as shown in Figure 22, because its aperture is too small, -8.6
  • the dB efficiency bandwidth covers 100MHz, the SAR value is high (2.9), the pattern is distributed around, and the directivity is very low (1.7).
  • the efficiency can be read from Fig. 21, and the directionality can be read from Fig. 24(a) and Fig. 24(b).
  • Each of the above-mentioned patch antennas can excite both the C-mode mode and the D-mode mode, but this application mainly takes the C-mode mode as an example for description.
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses an antenna, which is a patch antenna.
  • the patch antenna can be arranged on a support, such as a sheet dielectric, and includes a sheet radiator, a feeding point and at least two grounding points.
  • the grounding points are arranged at intervals on the sheet radiator, and the distance between each grounding point and the side of the patch antenna is greater than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the working wavelength of the patch antenna in its working frequency band, for example, ⁇ is the center of the working frequency band The working wavelength corresponding to the frequency point, or ⁇ is the maximum wavelength within the working frequency band.
  • the antenna of the present application is provided with at least two ground points at intervals, and the distance between each ground point and the side of the patch antenna is greater than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ , so that the patch antenna works in the C-mode mode, and has both lateral current and longitudinal Current, for example, the current on the patch antenna can be scattered around to form a pattern distributed around, reducing the directivity coefficient, and making the patch antenna have the advantages of low SAR and high efficiency.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the patch antenna 1 may be, for example, a rectangular structure, which includes a sheet radiator 10, and the sheet radiator 10 is a radiator of the patch antenna,
  • the sheet-shaped radiator 10 has two first sides 11 and two second sides 12, the two first sides 11 are arranged oppositely, the two second sides 12 are arranged oppositely, the first side 11 and the second side 12 are opposite to each other.
  • the sides 12 intersect, and the length of the first side 11 is greater than the length of the second side 12 .
  • the grounding point 2 includes a first grounding point 21 and a second grounding point 22 , and the first grounding point 21 and the second grounding point 22 are distributed on the sheet radiator 10 at intervals along the first direction.
  • the first direction may be the extension direction of the first side edge 11, such as the X direction shown in the figure, it should be understood that the “extending direction of the side edge” mentioned in this document may be the same as the side edge (for example, the first direction X).
  • the direction parallel to the extension direction of one side 11) can also be a direction that forms a certain angle with the extension direction of the side, and the angle can be within ⁇ 30°, or within ⁇ 15°, or within ⁇ 5° , as long as the first ground point 21 is disposed closer to one of the second sides 12 than the second ground point 22 , and the second ground point 22 is disposed closer to the other second side 12 than the first ground point 21 , It can be understood that the first grounding points 21 and the second grounding points 22 are distributed/arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the first side 11 .
  • the feeding point 3 (the position where the antenna is connected to the feeder is called the feeding point, and the feeder is the connection between the antenna and the receiver) is set in Figure 25.
  • the feed point 3 is biased.
  • the feed point 3 can be either direct feed or capacitive feed (for example, the feed point 3' is indirectly coupled with the feed line, or the feed point 3' and the feed line are indirectly coupled. a capacitor in series).
  • the feeding point 3 may be connected in series with a 0.3pF capacitor and a 1nH inductor.
  • the distance between the first ground point 21 and the second side 12 closer to the first ground point 21 is W1
  • the distance between the first ground point 21 and one of the first sides 11 is H1
  • the distance between the second ground point 22 and the second side 12 closer to the second ground point 22 is W2
  • the distance between the second ground point 22 and one of the first sides 11 is H2.
  • the central axis of the patch antenna may be the O axis in FIG. 25
  • the central axis may be the rectangular center line surrounding the periphery of the patch antenna, in the Y direction.
  • the setting position of the first grounding point 21 meets the requirement of 0.25 ⁇ W1+H1 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇
  • the setting position of the second grounding point 22 meets the requirement of 0.25 ⁇ W2+H2 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇
  • the length of the first side 11 is less than 0.5 ⁇
  • the length of the second side 12 is less than 0.5 ⁇
  • the distance between the first ground point 21 and the second ground point 22 in the first direction is greater than 0.1 ⁇ .
  • grounding point 21 and the second grounding point 22 meet the conditions of 0.25 ⁇ W1+H1 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ , 0.25 ⁇ W2+H2 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ , you can make corresponding adjustments, and arrange other grounding points evenly between the first grounding point and the second grounding point along the first direction, and the additional grounding points can also be unevenly arranged on the first grounding point in the first direction. and the second ground point.
  • the patch antenna 1 can work in the 2.45GHz frequency band, wherein the length of the first side 11 of the patch antenna 1 is 32 mm, the length of the second side 12 is 19 mm, and the first ground point 21 is close to the The distance between the second side edge 12 of a ground point 21 is 8mm, the distance between the second ground point 22 and the second side edge 12 close to the second ground point 22 is 8mm, the first ground point 21, the second ground point 22 and The distance between one of the first side edges 11 is 13.1 mm. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the length of each side of the patch antenna 1 may also take other values, but the length of each side is required to be less than 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the distances between the first grounding point 21, the second grounding point 22 and the second side 12 can also be other values, and the distances between the first grounding point 21, the second grounding point 22 and the first side 11 can also take other values, However, the sum of the distance between the first ground point 21 and one of the second sides 12 close to it and the distance between the first ground point 21 and one of the first sides 11 is in the range of 0.25 ⁇ -0.5 ⁇ , and the second ground point 21 is in the range of 0.25 ⁇ -0.5 ⁇ . The sum of the distance between the point 22 and one of the second sides 12 adjacent thereto and the distance between the second ground point 22 and one of the first sides 11 is in the range of 0.25 ⁇ -0.5 ⁇ .
  • the sum of the distance between the first ground point 21 and the first side 11 on the left side and the distance between the first ground point 21 and the first side 11 on the lower side is in the range of 0.25 ⁇ -0.5 ⁇
  • the sum of the distance between the second ground point 22 and the first side 11 on the right side and the distance between the second ground point 21 and the first side 11 on the lower side is in the range of 0.25 ⁇ -0.5 ⁇ .
  • the feeding point 3 is located at the lower right corner of the sheet-shaped radiator 10. Specifically, the distance between the feeding point 3 and one of the second sides 12 is 5.2 mm, and the feeding point 3 and one of the first sides 12 are 5.2 mm away. The distance between the side edges 11 is 6.8 mm. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the feeding point 3 can also be set at other positions of the sheet radiator 10, for example, in the middle of the sheet radiator 10, or close to the first The location of a grounding point 21 .
  • the first ground point and the second ground point are arranged on the sheet radiator.
  • the sheet radiator 10 has The first coupling point 21 and the second coupling point 22, the first ground point is coupled to the chip radiator through the first coupling point 21, and the chip radiator is grounded, and the second ground point is connected through the second coupling point
  • the contact 22 is coupled to the chip radiator, and is grounded for the chip radiator.
  • the reference numerals 21 and 22 shown in FIG. 25 can be used to denote the first coupling point and the second coupling point, and the first grounding point and the second grounding point are not shown in the figure.
  • first coupling point is directly coupled with the first ground point
  • second coupling point is directly coupled with the second ground point.
  • the direct coupling may be, for example, a direct electrical connection through a connection line.
  • first coupling point and the first ground point are indirectly coupled
  • the second coupling point and the second ground point are indirectly coupled, for example, the indirect coupling may be an indirect electrical connection separated by a certain distance without contact.
  • the patch antenna is a rectangle. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the patch antenna may also be a square, a diamond or a circle.
  • Fig. 28 is the current distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 25. The direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of the current. A current that radiates around.
  • Fig. 29 is an electric field distribution diagram of the patch antenna in Fig. 25. It can be seen from the figure that the electric field on the lower side is the strongest.
  • Figures 30(a) and 30(b) are directional diagrams from different viewing angles, from which the directivity of the patch antenna shown in Figure 25 can be read; Table 5 below shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 25.
  • Table 5 shows the parameter values of the patch antenna shown in Figure 25
  • two ground points 2 are set, which excite the C-mode mode of the patch antenna, with lateral and longitudinal currents, -5.6dB efficiency bandwidth covering 100MHz, and its SAR value is low (1.25), the direction Sexuality is very low (2.5).
  • the efficiency value can be read from Figure 27, and the directionality can be read from Figure 30(a) and Figure 30(b). It can be seen from Table 5 that when the normalized efficiency is -5, the normalized The value of body SAR is 1.25.
  • the present application also discloses a specific implementation manner.
  • the patch antenna is a square, and each grounding point may be spaced along the first direction on the sheet radiator, or may be distributed along the first direction.
  • Two directions (the second direction may be the extension direction of the second side edge 12, such as the Y direction shown in the figure, it should be understood that the “extending direction of the side edge” mentioned in this document may be the same as the direction of the side edge (such as the Y direction shown in the figure).
  • the direction parallel to the extension direction of the second side edge 12) may also be a direction forming a certain angle with the extension direction of the side edge, and the included angle may be within ⁇ 30°, or within ⁇ 15°, or ⁇ 5° inside) spaced apart in the sheet radiator.
  • the distances between the first grounding point and the second grounding point and the sides are the same as in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the first ground point 21 is closer to one of the first sides than the second ground point 22, and the first ground point 21 and the first side The distance is W1', and the distance between the first ground point 21 and one of the second sides is H1'.
  • the second grounding point 22 is closer to the other first side than the first grounding point 21, and the distance between the second grounding point 22 and the other first side is W2', and the second grounding point 22 and one of the first sides are at a distance W2'.
  • the distance of the second side is H2'.
  • the patch antenna further includes a switch module, the switch module is connected to each ground point, and the connection or disconnection of the switch module is controlled by controlling the connection or disconnection of the switch module. Open can make or disconnect the ground point from the ground.
  • the switch module is connected to each ground point, and the connection or disconnection of the switch module is controlled by controlling the connection or disconnection of the switch module. Open can make or disconnect the ground point from the ground.
  • the current on the patch antenna cannot flow into the ground from the ground point 2, and the patch antenna works in the D-mode mode.
  • both the first ground point 21 and the second ground point 22 are connected to the ground through the switch module, the current on the patch antenna can flow into the ground from the ground point 2, and the patch antenna works in the C-mode mode.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic circuit diagram of a switch module in a patch antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the switch module may include a capacitor C1, a resistor R1 and a switch K1, and the resistance is zero ohms.
  • One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the ground point 2, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the ground through the switch K1, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the ground point 2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the ground.
  • the switch K1 is closed, the current on the ground point 2 can flow into the ground through the resistor R1.
  • the patch antenna works in the C mode mode.
  • the switch K1 When the switch K1 is in the open state, the current on the ground point 2 cannot flow into the ground.
  • the antenna works in D-mode mode. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the switch module may also be other circuit structures, as long as it can control the connection or disconnection between the ground point and the ground.
  • a switch module is provided on the ground point, so that the switch module can control the connection or disconnection between the ground point and the ground, so as to realize the switching of the C-mode working mode and the D-mode working mode of the patch antenna, and then realize the patch antenna.
  • Table 6 is the switching logic of the switch module in an embodiment of the application.
  • Table 6 is the switching logic of the switch module in an embodiment of the application
  • the first switch module is connected to the first ground point, so that the first line of the first ground point can be grounded through a zero-ohm resistor, and the second line can be grounded through a capacitor and an inductor, such as a 1.5pF capacitor and a 0.5nH inductor. ground.
  • the second switch module is connected to the second ground point, so that the first line of the second ground point can be grounded through a zero-ohm resistor, and the second line can be grounded through a capacitor, eg, a 0.3pF capacitor.
  • FIG. 32, FIG. 33, and FIG. 34 The S11, efficiency, and pattern generated by the patch antenna of this embodiment are shown in FIG. 32, FIG. 33, and FIG. 34, respectively.
  • the 000018 curve in Figure 32 and Figure 33 corresponds to the C mode
  • the 000029 curve corresponds to the D mode.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the patch antenna is further provided with a groove 100, and the position of the groove 100 is set according to the current distribution of the resonant frequency generated by the patch antenna.
  • a groove 100 is formed on the first side 21 , and the groove 100 is rectangular, and its depth extends along the extending direction of the second side 12 .
  • the groove 100 is opened in the strong current region of the resonance frequency generated by the patch antenna, and the specific position can be obtained by simulating the current distribution of the resonance.
  • the groove 100 is formed in the strong current region of the resonant frequency, so that the current path can be increased, and the frequency multiplication of the patch antenna can be lowered (frequency multiplication means that the frequency of the output signal generated by the antenna is an integer multiple of the frequency of the input signal) ), or in other words, reduce the frequency of the resonance frequency required by the patch antenna of the present application.
  • the frequency multiplication of the D-mode mode with lateral current is pulled into the band, which can realize three-frequency pattern tuning (2.4G and 5G in this example).
  • Table 7 is the switching logic of the switch module in this embodiment.
  • Table 7 is the switching logic of the switch module.
  • the first switch module is connected to the first ground point, so that there are three connection lines between the first ground point and the ground, the first connection line is that the first ground point is grounded through a zero-ohm resistance, and the second connection line The first ground point is grounded through a capacitor and an inductor, such as a 1pF capacitor and a 1.3nH inductor, and the third connection route is that the first ground point is grounded through a capacitor, such as a 0.5pF capacitor.
  • the second switch module is connected to the second ground point, so that there are three connection lines between the second ground point and the ground, the first connection line is that the second ground point is grounded through a zero-ohm resistance, and the second connection line is the second connection line
  • the point is grounded via a capacitor, for example, via a 0.3pF capacitor
  • the third connection route is that the second ground point is grounded via a capacitor, for example, via a 0.5pF capacitor.
  • FIGS. 36 to 38(d) The S11, efficiency, and pattern generated by the patch antenna of this embodiment are shown in FIGS. 36 to 38(d), respectively.
  • the 000007 curve corresponds to the second state of the patch antenna
  • the 000012 curve corresponds to the third state of the patch antenna
  • the 000013 curve corresponds to the first state of the patch antenna
  • Figure 38(a), Figure 38(b) ) is the pattern of the patch antenna operating frequency band of 2.4G
  • Figure 38(c) and Figure 38(d) are the pattern of the patch antenna operating frequency band of 4.9G.
  • the patterns generated by the above three states are different.
  • the mobile device installed with the antenna such as a mobile phone, moves, different states are switched to meet the needs of the user.
  • the embodiment of the present application further discloses an electronic device, the electronic device includes a main board and the antenna of the above embodiment, and the antenna further includes an LDS bracket.
  • the sheet radiator is arranged on the LDS bracket, and the LDS bracket is arranged on the main board.
  • the antenna may also include a flexible circuit board, the sheet radiator is disposed on the flexible circuit board, and the flexible circuit board is connected to the main board.
  • FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of coupling between a ground point and a radiator according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the radiator in the figure can be called a suspended radiator, wherein “suspended” means that the radiator is not directly connected to the wire/feeding branch and the grounding wire/ground branch, but is fed and grounded through indirect coupling. , it should be understood that “suspended” does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it.
  • the suspended radiator may be, for example, a suspended metal disposed on the inner surface of the battery cover.
  • the embodiment of the present application also discloses an electronic device, the electronic device includes a screen 4, a middle frame 5, a main board 6, a sheet radiator 10, a battery cover 7, a first branch 8 and a second branch 9, the screen 4 , the middle frame 5 , the main board 6 , the sheet radiator 10 and the battery cover 7 are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the electronic device (Z direction in FIG. 39 or FIG. 40 ).
  • the first branch 8 and the second branch 9 are arranged between the main board 6 and the sheet radiator 10 and are arranged at intervals from the sheet radiator 10, the first ground point and the second ground point are arranged on the first branch 8, and the feeder
  • the electrical point is set on the second branch 9 , so that the first ground point, the second ground point and the feed point are indirectly coupled to the sheet radiator 10 , respectively.
  • the sheet-shaped radiator 10 is disposed inside the battery cover 7 and located between the first branch and the battery cover 7 along the thickness direction of the electronic device.
  • the sheet-shaped radiator 10 may be disposed on the inner surface of the battery cover 7 by any process, such as sticking, or using a metal printing process.
  • the sheet radiator 10 may be disposed close to the inner surface of the battery cover 7 (for example, when the battery cover 7 is insulated), or may be disposed on the inner surface of the battery cover 7 through an insulating film layer on the inner surface.
  • the sheet radiator 10 is used as the main radiator, and the first branch 8 and the sheet radiator 10 are indirectly coupled through space, so that the radiator generates horizontal and vertical currents that diverge from the projection of the ground point, wherein the first branch
  • the coupling amount of the segment 8 and the sheet radiator 10 can be adjusted by controlling the overlapping area of the projection regions of the two and the distance between the two.
  • the size of the first branch 8 is not required in this embodiment, as long as the coupling amount is satisfied.
  • the size of the suspended radiator corresponds to the size of the patch antenna in the foregoing embodiment, and the position of the ground point projected on the radiator corresponds to the position where the ground point is set in the foregoing embodiment. Please refer to the foregoing embodiment for details.
  • the first ground point and the second ground point are arranged on the first branch node 8 .
  • the sheet radiator 10 It has a first coupling point and a second coupling point, the first ground point is coupled to the chip radiator through the first coupling point, and is grounded for the chip radiator, and the second ground point is connected to the chip radiator through the second coupling point.
  • the chip radiator is coupled and grounded for the chip radiator.
  • the reference numeral 2 shown in FIG. 39 is used to indicate the first ground point and the second ground point on the first branch 8, and the first coupling point and the second coupling point are not shown in the figure. It should be understood that the projection position of the first ground point on the suspended radiator may be the first coupling point, and the projection position of the second ground point on the suspended radiator may be the second coupling point.
  • the S11, efficiency, and pattern generated by the patch antenna of this embodiment are shown in Figure 41, Figure 42, and Figure 43, respectively.
  • the 000016 curve in Figure 41 and Figure 42 corresponds to the C-mode mode of the patch antenna
  • Figure 41 , the 00017 curve in Figure 42 corresponds to the D-mode mode of the patch antenna
  • Figure 43 is the pattern of the patch antenna operating frequency band of 2.45G, and its parameter values are shown in Table 8:
  • Table 8 shows the parameter values of another antenna
  • the above electronic devices can be smart phones, tablets, patch antennas or patch branches or radiators can be made on the bracket, including but not limited to flexible circuit boards (full English name: Flexible Printed Circuit referred to as FPC), laser direct molding (full English name: Laser Direct Structuring (LDS for short), steel sheet, printing silver paste, etc.
  • FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
  • LDS Laser Direct Structuring

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种天线及电子设备，该天线包括片状辐射体、第一接地点和第二接地点，片状辐射体具有相交的第一侧边和第二侧边，并具有第一耦接点和第二耦接点；片状辐射体通过第一耦接点和第二耦接点耦接于第一接地点、第二接地点，以通过第一接地点、第二接地点接地；其中，第一耦接点和第二耦接点在片状辐射体上间隔设置，并且第一耦接点、第二耦接点距第一侧边的距离及第一耦接点、第二耦接点距第二侧边的距离均大于或等于0.05λ。本申请中的接地点的设置方式，能够使片状辐射体上的电流可以向四周均匀分散，以形成向四周分布的方向图，降低了方向性系数，并使得该天线具有低SAR及高效率等特点。

Description

一种天线及电子设备
本申请要求于2021年2月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110185331.7、发明名称为“一种天线及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种patch天线及具有该patch天线的电子设备。
背景技术
5G通信技术的演进带来了天线个数增多的问题，同时还有天线多发SAR(单位质量的人体组织所吸收或消耗的电磁功率)及方向覆盖的问题。如何在背盖支架有限的Z向空间下设计一个低SAR、低方向性的patch(块状)天线，是目前所需要解决的问题。
申请内容
本申请提供了一种具有低SAR、低方向性、高效率的天线，该天线包括：
片状辐射体，所述片状辐射体具有第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一侧边与所述第二侧边相交，所述片状辐射体具有第一耦接点和第二耦接点；
第一接地点，通过所述第一耦接点与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为所述片状辐射体接地；
第二接地点，通过所述第二耦接点与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为所述片状辐射体接地；
其中，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点间隔设置，所述第一耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离、所述第一耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离、所述第二耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离及所述第二耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离均大于或等于0.05λ；其中，λ为所述天线在其工作频段范围内的工作波长。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述λ为所述天线在其工作频段范围内的最大工作波长。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述第一耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离为H1，所述第一耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离为W1；
所述第二耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离为H2，所述第二耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离为W2；
其中，0.25λ≤W1+H1≤0.5λ，0.25λ≤W2+H2≤0.5λ。
在一种具体的实施方式中，W1＝W2，和/或H1＝H2。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括馈电点，所述片状辐射体为支架天线辐 射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点和所述馈电点与所述支架天线直接连接。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述第一耦接点、所述第二耦接点在所述片状辐射体上沿第一方向间隔排布，或者，所述第一耦接点、所述第二耦接点在所述片状辐射体上沿第二方向间隔排布，其中，所述第一方向为所述第一侧边的延伸方向，所述第二方向为所述第二侧边的延伸方向。
在一种具体的实施方式中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点之间的距离大于0.1λ，或者沿所述第二方向，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点之间的距离大于0.1λ。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边的长度均小于0.5λ。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述片状辐射体为矩形，所述第一侧边设置有两条，两条所述第一侧边相对设置，所述第二侧边设置有两条，两条所述第二侧边相对设置。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述第一侧边的长度大于所述第二侧边的长度。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括开关模块，所述开关模块连接于所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点，用于将所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点都与地接通或都与地断开。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述片状辐射体开设有凹槽，所述凹槽设置于所述第一侧边，沿所述第二方向凹进；或者，所述凹槽设置于所述第二侧边，沿所述第一方向凹进。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括馈电点，所述片状辐射体为悬浮辐射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点和所述馈电点分别间接耦合于所述悬浮辐射体。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括第一枝节，所述片状辐射体与所述第一枝节间隔设置，所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点设于所述第一枝节上，并通过所述第一枝节为所述片状辐射体间接耦合接地。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括第二枝节，所述片状辐射体与所述第二枝节间隔设置，所述馈电点设于所述第二枝节，并所述第二枝节为所述片状辐射体间接耦合馈电。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述片状辐射体为贴片天线的辐射体。
相应地，本申请还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括主板、电池盖及前述任一实施例方式中的天线，所述主板、所述天线和所述电池盖沿所述电子设备的厚度方向依次设置。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述天线还包括支架，所述片状辐射体设置在所述支架上，所述支架设置在所述主板上，或者所述天线还包括柔性电路板，所述片状辐射体设置在所述柔性电路板上，所述柔性电路板连接于所述主板。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述电池盖包括绝缘内表面，所述片状辐射体为设置于所述绝缘内表面上的悬浮辐射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点分别间接耦合于所述悬浮辐射体。。
在一种具体的实施方式中，所述悬浮辐射体通过所述第一枝节间接耦合接地，所述主板、所述第一枝节、所述悬浮辐射体和所述电池盖沿所述电子设备的厚度方向依次设置。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
相比于现有技术，本申请通过在片状辐射体上耦接有至少两个接地点，并且使各接地点在片状辐射体上的耦接点距各侧边的距离均大于或等于0.05λ，其中，λ为天线在其工作频段内的工作波长，使片状辐射体上的电流可以向四周均匀分散，以形成向四周分布的方向图，降低了方向性系数，并使得该patch天线具有低SAR及高效率等特点。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1示出patch天线的结构示意图。
图2为图1所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图3为图1所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图4为图1所示patch天线的电流分布示意图。
图5为图1所示patch天线的电场分布示意图。
图6(a)、图6(b)为图1所示patch天线的方向图。
图7示出另一patch天线的结构示意图。
图8为图7所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图9为图7所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图10为图7所示patch天线的电流分布示意图。
图11为图7所示patch天线的电场分布示意图。
图12(a)、图12(b)为图7所示patch天线的方向图。
图13示出又一patch天线的结构示意图。
图14为图13所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图15为图13所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图16为图13所示patch天线的电流分布示意图。
图17为图13所示patch天线的电场分布示意图。
图18(a)、图18(b)为图13所示patch天线的方向图。
图19示出再一patch天线的结构示意图。
图20为图19所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图21为图19所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图22为图19所示patch天线的电流分布示意图。
图23为图19所示patch天线的电场分布示意图。
图24(a)、图24(b)为图19所示patch天线的方向图。
图25为本申请一实施例提供的patch天线结构示意图。
图26为图25所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图27为图25所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图28为图25所示patch天线的电流分布示意图。
图29为图25所示patch天线的电场分布示意图。
图30(a)、图30(b)为图25所示patch天线的方向图。
图31为本申请又一实施例提供的patch天线中开关模块电路原理图。
图32为加有开关模块的patch天线的S11示意图。
图33为加有开关模块的patch天线的效率示意图。
图34为加有开关模块的patch天线的方向图。
图35为本申请再一实施例提供的patch天线结构示意图。
图36为图35所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图37为图35所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图38(a)-图38(d)为图35所示patch天线的方向图。
图39为本申请一实施例提供的patch天线与辐射体耦合的示意图。
图40为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备截面图。
图41为图39所示patch天线的S11示意图。
图42为图39所示patch天线的效率示意图。
图43为图39所示patch天线的方向图。
附图标记：
1、天线；10、片状辐射体；100、凹槽；11、第一侧边；12、第二侧边；2、接地点；21、第一接地点；22、第二接地点；3、馈电点；4、屏幕；5、中框；6、主板；7、电池盖；8、第一枝节、9、第二枝节。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案，下面结合附图对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
需要注意的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。
下文中C模和D模是根据天线中产生的电流的流向来定义的，当天线辐射体上产生的 电流是以接地点为基点，向四周发散的电流(例如以接地点为基点，对称流向的电流)，则定义为天线的C模模式；当天线辐射体上产生的电流流向相同，则定义为天线的D模模式。以patch天线为例，工作在C模模式的patch天线至少需要一个接地点，当接地点与patch天线辐射体的周边具有一定距离时，以接地点为基点，patch天线辐射体上产生的电流流向是对称地向四周发散，其辐射由patch天线辐射体和地板共同实现；工作在D模模式的patch天线无需接地点(应可理解，工作在D模模式的patch天线也可具有接地点)，其patch天线辐射体上产生的电流的流向相同，辐射主要由patch天线辐射体实现。
参照图1，图1示出patch天线1’的结构示意图。Patch天线1’又称为贴片天线，或平板天线。图1所示的patch天线1’例如为矩形，长和宽的尺寸为32mm*19mm，接地点2’例如设置于图示patch天线1’的左上侧，馈电点3’(天线接到馈线的位置叫馈电点，馈线是天线与接收器之间的连线)偏置，采用容馈(例如，馈电点3’与馈线间接耦合，或者馈电点3’与馈线之间串接一个电容)，例如设置于图示patch天线1’的右下侧。该patch天线1’上产生同向电流，即激起patch天线的D模模式。进一步地，接地点2’上并联1.5pF电容、0.5nH电感，将D模模式天线加载到2.4G频段，其中，接地点2’上连接的电容、电感用于调频。馈电点3’上串联0.5pF电容、1nH电感，馈电点3’上连接的电容、电感用于阻抗匹配。图1中的patch天线的S11(S11表示天线的回波损耗特性，此参数表示天线的发射效率好不好，值越大，表示天线本身反射回来的能量越大，这样天线的效率就越差。)、效率分别参照图2、图3所示；图4为图1中patch天线的电流分布图，图中的箭头方向表示电流方向，从图中可知，其主要产生横向的同向电流，参照图4所示。图5为图1中patch天线的电场分布图，从图中可知，其中间部分的电场最弱，两边的电场最强。图6(a)和图6(b)为不同视角的方向图，从图中可以读出图1中patch天线的方向性。下面表1为图1所示patch天线的各参数值。
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000001
表1为图1所示patch天线的各参数值
上述patch天线工作于D模模式，其上主要产生同向电流，-5.5dB效率带宽覆盖10MHz，但其SAR值较高(4.67)，且方向性高(6.21)。其中，效率可以从图3中读出，方向性可以从图6(a)、图6(b)中读出。在表1中，body SAR对应仿真效率，归一化body SAR对应归一化效率，将仿真效率和body SAR进行归一化，是为了在相同的效率下对body SAR进 行比较，使得比较结果更准确，例如，在所有天线的归一化效率均为-5的情况下，那么那个天线的归一化body SAR值小，就代表该patch天线的SAR值小。
参照图7，图7为另一patch天线1’的结构示意图。该patch天线1’例如为矩形，长和宽为32mm*19mm，接地点2’例如设置在图示patch天线1’的中部，馈电点3’偏置，采用容馈，例如设置在图示patch天线1’的右下侧。进一步地，馈电点3’上串联0.5pF电容、1nH电感。该patch天线1’上产生了从接地点发散的横向电流(例如，以接地点为中心对称的横向电流)，即激起了patch天线1’的C模模式，该C模模式具有横向电流，工作频段在2.4GHz，同时也能够激起patch天线的D模模式，该D模模式具有横向电流，工作频段在2.8GHz。
该patch天线产生的S11、效率分别参照图8、图9所示，图10为图7中patch天线的电流分布图，图中的箭头方向表示电流方向，从图中可知，其主要产生横向的对称电流。图11为图7中patch天线的电场分布图，从图中可知，其两边的电场最强。图12(a)和图12(b)为不同视角的方向图，从图中可以读出图7中patch天线的方向性；下面表2为图7所示patch天线的各参数值。
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000002
表2为图7所示patch天线的各参数值
上述patch天线需要沿纵向设置三个接地点2’，激起的是patch天线的C模模式，其具有对称的横向电流，参照10所示，-5dB效率带宽覆盖100MHz，但其SAR值较低(1.59)，方向图呈左右分布，上下较少，方向性较高(4.38)。其中，其中，效率可以从图9中读出，方向性可以从图12(a)、图12(b)中读出。
参照图13所示，图13为又一patch天线1’的结构示意图。该patch天线1’例如为矩形，其长和宽为32mm*19mm，接地点2’例如设置在图示patch天线1’的上边缘，馈电点3’偏置，采用容馈，例如设置在图示patch天线1’的右下侧。进一步地，馈电点3’串联0.5pF电容、1nH电感。该patch天线1’上产生了从接地点发散的纵向电流，激起了patch天线的C模模式，该C模模式具有纵向电流，工作频段在2.4GHz，同时也能够激起patch天线的D模式，该D模模式具有横向电流，工作频段在3.7GHz。应可理解，图13中的patch天线1’的接地点都设置在patch天线1’的上边缘，因此该天线的C模模式仅产生了从接地点向下发散的电流。
该patch天线产生的S11、效率分别参照图14、图15所示，图16为图13中patch天线的电流分布图，图中的箭头方向表示电流方向，从图中可知，其产生纵向电流。图17为图13中patch天线的电场分布图，从图中可知，其下侧的电场最强。图18(a) 和图18(b)为不同视角的方向图，从图中可以读出图13中patch天线的方向性；
下面表3示出图13所示patch天线的各参数值。
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000003
表3为图13所示patch天线的各参数值
上述patch天线需要横向设置多个接地点2’，激起的是patch天线的C模模式，其具有纵向电流，参照图16所示，-4.9dB效率带宽覆盖100MHz，但其SAR值较低(1.17)，方向图向一侧偏移，方向性较高(4.81)。其中，效率可以从图15中读出，方向性可以从图18(a)、图18(b)中读出。
参照图19所示，图19为再一patch天线1’的结构示意图。该patch天线1’例如为矩形，其长和宽的尺寸为14mm*19mm，接地点2’例如设置在图示patch天线1’的中部偏左上，馈电点3’偏置，采用容馈，例如设置在图示patch天线1’的中部偏右下。进一步地，馈电点3’串联0.5pF电容、1nH电感。该patch天线1’上产生了从接地点向四周发散的电流，激起了patch天线的C模模式，其具有横向及纵向电流，工作频率在2.4GHz。
该patch天线产生的S11、效率分别参照图20、图21所示，图22为图19中patch天线的电流分布图，图中的箭头方向表示电流方向，从图中可知，其产生有横向及纵向电流。图23为图19中patch天线的电场分布图，从图中可知，其下侧的电场最强。图24(a)和图24(b)为不同视角的方向图，从图中可以读出图19中patch天线的方向性；下面表4为示出图19所示patch天线的各参数值。
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000004
表4为图19所示patch天线的各参数值
上述patch天线只需设置1个接地点2’，激起的是patch天线的C模模式，该C模模式兼有横向电流和纵向电流，参照图22所示，因其口径太小，-8.6dB效率带宽覆盖100MHz,其SAR值较高(2.9)，方向图向四周分布，方向性很低(1.7)。其中，效率可以从图21 中读出，方向性可以从图24(a)、图24(b)中读出。
上述各patch天线均即能激起C模模式，也能激起D模模式，不过本申请主要以C模模式为例来进行描述。
本申请的实施例公开了一种天线，该天线为patch天线，patch天线可以设置于支架上，例如片状介电质上，其包括片状辐射体、馈电点和至少两个接地点。各接地点间隔设置于片状辐射体，并且各接地点与patch天线的侧边的距离大于或等于0.05λ，λ为该patch天线在其工作频段内的工作波长，例如λ为工作频段内中心频点对应的工作波长，或λ为工作频段内的最大波长。
本申请的天线通过间隔设置有至少两个接地点，并使各接地点与patch天线的侧边的距离大于或等于0.05λ，使得该patch天线工作于C模模式，并兼具横向电流和纵向电流，例如，patch天线上的电流可以向四周分散，以形成向四周分布的方向图，降低方向性系数，并使得该patch天线具有低SAR及高效率等优点。
参照图25所示，图25为本申请一实施例提供的patch天线结构示意图。本申请的实施例公开了一种具体的实施方式，在本实施例中，patch天线1可以例如是长方形结构，其包括片状辐射体10，片状辐射体10为贴片天线的辐射体，片状辐射体10具有两条第一侧边11和两条第二侧边12，两条第一侧边11相对设置，两条第二侧边12相对设置，第一侧边11和第二侧边12相交，并且第一侧边11的长度大于第二侧边12的长度。接地点2中包括第一接地点21和第二接地点22，第一接地点21和第二接地点22沿第一方向上间隔分布于片状辐射体10。其中，第一方向可以是第一侧边11的延伸方向，例如图中所示的X方向，应可理解，本文中提到的“侧边的延伸方向”可以是与该侧边(例如第一侧边11)的延伸方向平行的方向，也可以是与该侧边的延伸方向形成一定夹角的方向，该夹角可以为±30°以内，或±15°以内，或±5°以内，只要第一接地点21相较于第二接地点22靠近于其中一条第二侧边12设置，第二接地点22相较于第一接地点21靠近于另一条第二侧边12设置，就可以理解为第一接地点21和第二接地点22沿第一侧边11的延伸方向间隔分布/设置。相对于第一接地点21、第二接地点22的设置方位，馈电点3(天线接到馈线的位置叫馈电点，馈线是天线与接收器之间的连线)设置于图25中片装辐射体10的右下侧位置。馈电点3偏置，在一个实施例中，馈电点3可以采用直馈，也可以采用容馈(例如，馈电点3’与馈线间接耦合，或者馈电点3’与馈线之间串接一个电容)。在一个实施例中，馈电点3可以串联有0.3pF电容、1nH电感。
具体地，第一接地点21与较靠近第一接地点21的第二侧边12的距离为W1，第一接地点21与其中一条第一侧边11的距离为H1。第二接地点22与较靠近第二接地点22的第二侧边12的距离为W2，第二接地点22与其中一条第一侧边11的为H2。其中，0.25λ≤W1+H1≤0.5λ，0.25λ≤W2+H2≤0.5λ，从而在该patch天线1上激励起C模模式下的横纵电流。在一个实施例中，W1、W2、H1和H2进一步满足：W1＝W2和/或H1＝H2，使得第一接地点21和第二接地点22在第一方向或第二方向上对称地分布在patch天线的中心轴两侧，从而在该patch天线更好地激励起横纵电流，实现低SAR、低方向性的patch天线。其中，patch天线的中心轴可以是图25中的O轴线，中心轴可以是围绕patch天线外围的矩形中心线，在Y方向上。在另一个实施例中，W1、W2、H1和H2进一步满足：W1＝W2以及H1＝H2，例如，第一接地点21和第二接地点22镜像对称地分布在patch天线1的中心轴两侧，从而在该patch天线更好地 激励起横纵电流，并进一步地降低方向性、降低SAR值、以及提高系统效率。
本申请通过使第一接地点21的设置位置满足0.25λ≤W1+H1≤0.5λ的要求，第二接地点22的设置位置满足0.25λ≤W2+H2≤0.5λ的要求，且W1＝W2，使得该patch天线1能够接收到所需的频段，例如2.4G-2.5G之间的频段，同时还具备低方向性、低SAR的特性。
进一步地，第一侧边11的长度小于0.5λ，第二侧边12的长度小于0.5λ，在第一方向上，第一接地点21和第二接地点22之间的距离大于0.1λ。
在本实施例中，仅设置有两个接地点。可以理解，在其他实施例中，也可以设置有3个或3个以上的接地点。当设置有3个或3个以上的接地点时，上述第一接地点21和第二接地点22在满足0.25λ≤W1+H1≤0.5λ，0.25λ≤W2+H2≤0.5λ的条件下，可以做相应的调整，将其他接地点沿第一方向均匀设置于第一接地点和第二接地点之间，额外增加的接地点在第一方向上也可不均匀地设置于第一接地点和第二接地点之间。
在本实施例中，patch天线1可以工作于2.45GHz频段，其中，patch天线1的第一侧边11的长度为32mm，第二侧边12的长度为19mm，第一接地点21与靠近第一接地点21的第二侧边12的距离为8mm，第二接地点22与靠近第二接地点22的第二侧边12的距离为8mm，第一接地点21、第二接地点22与其中一条第一侧边11的距离为13.1mm。可以理解，在其他实施例中，patch天线1的各侧边的长度也可以取其他值，但要求各侧边的长度均小于0.5λ。第一接地点21、第二接地点22与第二侧边12的距离也可以为其他值，第一接地点21、第二接地点22与第一侧边11的距离也可以取其他值，但第一接地点21与靠近其的一条第二侧边12的距离和第一接地点21与其中一条第一侧边11的距离之和在0.25λ-0.5λ的范围之间，第二接地点22与靠近其的一条第二侧边12的距离和第二接地点22与其中一条第一侧边11的距离之和在0.25λ-0.5λ的范围之间。
例如，图25中，第一接地点21与左侧第一侧边11的距离和第一接地点21与下侧第一侧边11的距离之和在0.25λ-0.5λ的范围之间，第二接地点22与右侧第一侧边11的距离和第二接地点21与下侧第一侧边11的距离之和在0.25λ-0.5λ的范围之间。
在本实施例中，馈电点3位于片状辐射体10的右下角，具体地，馈电点3与其中一条第二侧边12的距离为5.2mm，馈电点3与其中一条第一侧边11的距离为6.8mm.可以理解，在其他实施例中，馈电点3也可以设置于片状辐射体10的其他位置，例如，位于片状辐射体10的中部，或者靠近于第一接地点21的位置。
在本申请的实施例中，例如图25所示的实施例中，第一接地点和第二接地点设置于片状辐射体上，可以理解，在其他实施例中，片状辐射体10具有第一耦接点21和第二耦接点22，第一接地点通过所述第一耦接点21与片状辐射体耦接，并为片状辐射体接地，第二接地点通过所述第二耦接点22与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为片状辐射体接地。在此实施例中，图25中示出的标号21和22可以用来表示第一耦接点和第二耦接点，而第一接地点和第二接地点未在图中示出，前文对第一接地点和第二接地点的描述同样适用于第一耦接点21和第二耦接点22，此处不再赘述。在一种具体的实施例中，第一耦接点和第一接地点直接耦合，第二耦接点和第二接地点直接耦合，直接耦合例如可以是通过连线直接电连接。在另一种具体的实施例中，第一耦接点和第一接地点间接耦合，第二耦接点和第二接地点间接耦合，间接耦合例如可以是间隔一定距离而不接触的间接电连接。
在本实施例中，patch天线为长方形，可以理解，在其他实施例中，patch天线也可 以为正方形、菱形或圆形。
该实施例的patch天线产生的S11、效率分别参照图26、图27所示，图28为图25中patch天线的电流分布图，图中的箭头方向表示电流方向，从图中可知，其产生向四周发散的电流。图29为图25中patch天线的电场分布图，从图中可知，其下侧的电场最强。图30(a)和图30(b)为不同视角的方向图，从图中可以读出图25中patch天线的方向性；下面表5示出图25所示patch天线的各参数值。
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000005
表5为图25所示patch天线的各参数值
在本实施例中，设置了两个接地点2，其激起的是patch天线的C模模式，具有横向和纵向电流，-5.6dB效率带宽覆盖100MHz，其SAR值较低(1.25)，方向性很低(2.5)。其中，效率值可以图27中读出，方向性可以从图30(a)和图30(b)中读出，由表5可知，在归一化效率为-5的情况下，归一化body SAR的值为1.25。
基于上述实施例的基础上，本申请还公开了一种具体实施方式，在本实施例中，patch天线为正方形，各接地点可以沿第一方向间隔分布于片状辐射体，也可以沿第二方向(第二方向可以是第二侧边12的延伸方向，例如图中所示的Y方向，应可理解，本文中提到的“侧边的延伸方向”可以是与该侧边(例如第二侧边12)的延伸方向平行的方向，也可以是与该侧边的延伸方向形成一定夹角的方向，该夹角可以为±30°以内，或±15°以内，或±5°以内)间隔分布于片状辐射体。当各接地点沿第一方向间隔分布于片状辐射体时，第一接地点和第二接地点与各侧边的距离与上述实施例相同。当各接地点沿第二方向分布于片状辐射体时，第一接地点21相较于第二接地点22更靠近其中一条第一侧边，且第一接地点21与该第一侧边的距离为W1’，第一接地点21与其中一条第二侧边的距离为H1’。第二接地点22相较于第一接地点21更靠近另一条第一侧边，且第二接地点22与该另一条第一侧边的距离为W2’，第二接地点22与其中一条第二侧边的距离为H2’。其中，W1’＝W2’，0.25λ≤W1’+H1’≤0.5λ，0.25λ≤W2’+H1’≤0.5λ。
基于上述实施例的基础上，本申请还公开了一种具体的实施方式，在本实施例中，该patch天线还包括开关模块，开关模块连接于各接地点，通过控制开关模块的连接或断开能够使接地点与地接通或断开。当通过开关模块使各接地点都与地断开时，patch天线上的电流无法由接地点2流入地，patch天线工作于D模模式。当通过开关模块使第一接地点21和第二接地点22都与地接通时，patch天线上的电流能够由接地点2流入地，patch天线工作于C模模式。
参照图31所示，图31为本申请又一实施例提供的patch天线中开关模块电路原理图。 例如，开关模块可以包括电容C1、电阻R1和开关K1，电阻为零欧姆。电阻R1的一端与接地点2连接，电阻R1的另一端经开关K1与地连接，电容C1的一端与接地点2连接，电容C1的另一端与地连接。当开关K1关闭时，接地点2上的电流能够通过电阻R1流入地，此时patch天线工作于C模模式，当开关K1处于打开状态时，接地点2上的电流无法流入地，此时patch天线工作于D模模式。可以理解，在其他实施例中，开关模块也可以为其他电路结构，只要能够控制接地点与地的接通或断开即可。
本申请通过在接地点上设置有开关模块，从而能够通过开关模块控制接地点与地的接通或断开，从而实现该patch天线的C模工作模式和D模工作模式的切换，进而实现patch天线方向图的互补。表6为本申请一实施例中开关模块切换逻辑。
  第一开关模块 第二开关模块
C模 0ohm 0ohm
D模 1.5pF，0.5nH 0.3pF
表6为本申请一实施例中开关模块切换逻辑
上述表格中，第一开关模块连接于第一接地点，使第一接地点的第一路线可以经零欧姆电阻接地，第二路线可以经电容和电感接地，例如经1.5pF电容、0.5nH电感接地。第二开关模块连接于第二接地点，使第二接地点第一路线可以经零欧姆电阻接地，第二路线可以经电容接地，例如经0.3pF电容接地。当第一接地点、第二接地点上的电流分别通过零欧姆电阻流入地时，patch天线工作于C模模式，当接第一接地点上的电流只能流向电容(例如1.5pF)、电感(例如0.5nH)，第二接地点上的电流只能流向电容(例如0.3pF)时，patch天线工作于D模模式。
该实施例的patch天线产生的S11、效率及方向图分别参照图32、图33及图34所示。其中，图32和图33中的000018曲线对应C模模式，000029曲线对应D模模式。
基于上述实施例的基础上，本申请还公开了另一种具体实施方式，参照图35所示，图35为本申请再一实施例提供的patch天线结构示意图。在本实施例中，patch天线还开设有凹槽100，凹槽100的位置根据该patch天线产生的谐振频率的电流分布来设定，例如在本实施例中，由于电流的流向为沿第一侧边11的延伸方向，因此，在第一侧边21上开设有凹槽100，并且凹槽100为矩形，其深度沿第二侧边12的延伸方向延伸。进一步地，凹槽100开设于patch天线产生的谐振频率的强电流区，具体位置可以通过仿真谐振的电流分布得出。本申请通过在谐振频率的强电流区开设有凹槽100，从而能够增大电流路径，进而能够拉低patch天线的倍频(倍频是指天线产生的输出信号频率是输入信号频率的整数倍)，或者说，使本申请patch天线所需要的谐振频率降频。本申请将具有横向电流的D模模式的倍频拉进带内，可实现三频的方向图调谐(本例是2.4G和5G)，表7为本实施例中开关模块切换逻辑。
  第一开关模块 第二开关模块
第一状态 0ohm 0ohm
第二状态 1pF，1.3nH 0.3pF
第三状态 0.5pF 0.5pF
表7为开关模块切换逻辑。
上述表格中，第一开关模块连接于第一接地点，使第一接地点与地之间具有三条连接路线，第一条连接路线为第一接地点经零欧姆电阻接地，第二条连接路线为第一接地点经电容和电感接地，例如经1pF电容、1.3nH电感接地，第三条连接路线为第一接地点经电容接地，例如经0.5pF电容接地。第二开关模块连接于第二接地点，使第二接地点与地之间具有三条连接路线，第一条连接路线为第二接地点经零欧姆电阻接地，第二条连接路线为第二接地点经电容接地，例如经0.3pF电容接地，第三条连接路线为第二接地点经电容接地，例如经0.5pF电容接地。当第一接地点、第二接地点上的电流分别经零欧姆电阻流入地时，patch天线处于第一状态，当第一接地点上的电流流向电容(例如1pF)、第二接地点上的电流流向电容(例如0.3pF)时，patch天线处于第二状态，当第一接地点、第二接地点上的电流流向电容(例如0.5pF)电流，patch天线处于第三状态。
该实施例的patch天线产生的S11、效率及方向图分别参照图36至图38(d)所示。其中，在图36和图37中，000007曲线对应patch天线的第二状态，000012曲线对应patch天线的第三状态,000013曲线对应patch天线的第一状态；图38(a)、图38(b)为patch天线工作频段为2.4G方向图，图38(c)、图38(d)为patch天线工作频段为4.9G方向图。
上述三种状态，其产生的方向图是不一样的，在安装有该天线的移动设备，例如手机移动时，通过切换不同的状态，以满足用户的需求。
本申请的实施例还公开了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括主板和上述实施例的天线，该天线还包括LDS支架。其中，片状辐射体设置在LDS支架上，LDS支架设置在主板上。在另一实施例中，该天线也可以包括柔性电路板，片状辐射体设置在柔性电路板上，该柔性电路板连接于主板。
参照图39和图40所示，图39为本申请一实施例提供的接地点与辐射体耦合的示意图；图40为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备截面图。其中，图示中的辐射体可以称为悬浮辐射体，其中，“悬浮”是指辐射体没有直接连接电线/馈电枝节和接地线/接地枝节，而是通过间接耦合的方式馈电和接地，应可理解，“悬浮”本不意味着辐射体周围没有任何结构来支撑。在一个实施例中，悬浮辐射体可以例如是设置于电池盖内表面上的悬浮金属。
本申请的实施例还公开了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括屏幕4、中框5、主板6、片状辐射体10、电池盖7、第一枝节8和第二枝节9，屏幕4、中框5、主板6、片状辐射体10和电池盖7沿电子设备的厚度方向(图39或图40中的Z方向)依次设置。第一枝节8、第二枝节9设于主板6和片状辐射体10之间并与片状辐射体10间隔设置，第一接地点、第二接地点 设于第一枝节8，馈电点设于第二枝节9，使得第一接地点、第二接地点和馈电点分别间接耦合于片状辐射体10。
进一步地，片状辐射体10设置于电池盖7的内侧并沿电子设备的厚度方向位于第一枝节和电池盖7之间。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体10可以以任何工艺设置于电池盖7的内表面，例如粘贴，或采用金属印制工艺。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体10可以紧靠电池盖7的内表面设置(例如当电池盖7绝缘时)，也可以通过电池盖7内表面的绝缘膜层设置于该内表面上。
具体地，将片状辐射体10作为主辐射体，第一枝节8与片状辐射体10通过空间间接耦合，使得辐射体上产生接地点投影处发散的横纵电流，其中，第一枝节8和片状辐射体10的耦合量可以通过控制两者的投影区重合的面积以及二者的间距来进行调整。本申请通过增设有悬浮辐射体，提高了天线的高度和净空，同时也增加了天线的口径，从而提升性能。其中，第一枝节8的大小在本实施例中不作要求，只要满足耦合量即可。悬浮辐射体的大小对应于前述实施例中patch天线的大小，接地点投影在辐射体的位置对应于前述实施例中设置接地点的位置，请具体参考前述实施例，此处不再赘述。
在本申请的实施例中，例如图39所示的实施例中，第一接地点和第二接地点设置于第一枝节8上，可以理解，在此实施例中，片状辐射体10具有第一耦接点和第二耦接点，第一接地点通过所述第一耦接点与片状辐射体耦接，并为片状辐射体接地，第二接地点通过所述第二耦接点与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为片状辐射体接地，图39中示出的标号2用来表示第一枝节8上的第一接地点和第二接地点，而第一耦接点和第二耦接点未在图中示出。应可理解，第一接地点在悬浮辐射体的投影位置可以是第一耦接点，第二接地点在悬浮辐射体的投影位置可以是第二耦接点。
该实施例的patch天线产生的S11、效率及方向图分别参照图41、图42及图43所示，其中，图41、图42中的000016曲线对应于该patch天线的C模模式，图41、图42中的00017曲线对应该patch天线的D模模式，图43为该patch天线工作频段为2.45G的方向图，其各参数值如表8所示：
Figure PCTCN2021137028-appb-000006
表8为另一天线的各参数值
上述电子设备可以智能手机、平板，patch天线或patch枝节或辐射体可以做在支架上，包含但不限于柔性电路板(英文件全称：Flexible Printed Circuit简称FPC)、激光直接成型(英文全称：Laser Direct Structuring，简称LDS)、钢片、印刷银浆等。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修 改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：
    片状辐射体，所述片状辐射体具有第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一侧边与所述第二侧边相交，所述片状辐射体具有第一耦接点和第二耦接点；
    第一接地点，通过所述第一耦接点与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为所述片状辐射体接地；以及
    第二接地点，通过所述第二耦接点与所述片状辐射体耦接，并为所述片状辐射体接地；
    其中，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点间隔设置，所述第一耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离、所述第一耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离、所述第二耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离及所述第二耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离均大于或等于0.05λ；其中，λ为所述天线在其工作频段范围内的工作波长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述λ为所述天线在其工作频段范围内的最大工作波长。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离为H1，所述第一耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离为W1；
    所述第二耦接点距所述第一侧边的距离为H2，所述第二耦接点距所述第二侧边的距离为W2；
    其中，0.25λ≤W1+H1≤0.5λ，0.25λ≤W2+H2≤0.5λ。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，W1＝W2，和/或H1＝H2。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括馈电点，所述片状辐射体为支架天线辐射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点和所述馈电点与所述支架天线直接耦合。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一耦接点、所述第二耦接点在所述片状辐射体上沿第一方向间隔排布，或者，所述第一耦接点、所述第二耦接点在所述片状辐射体上沿第二方向间隔排布，其中，所述第一方向为所述第一侧边的延伸方向，所述第二方向为所述第二侧边的延伸方向。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点之间的距离大于0.1λ，或者沿所述第二方向，所述第一耦接点和所述第二耦接点之间的距离大于0.1λ。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边的长度均小于0.5λ。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一所述的天线，其特征在于，所述片状辐射体为矩形，所述第一侧边设置有两条，两条所述第一侧边相对设置，所述第二侧边设置有两条，两条所述第二侧边相对设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一侧边的长度大于所述第二侧边的长度。
  11. 根据权利要求1～10任一所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括开关模块， 所述开关模块连接于所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点，用于将所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点都与地接通或都与地断开。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一所述的天线，其特征在于，所述片状辐射体开设有凹槽，所述凹槽设置于所述第一侧边，沿所述第二方向凹进；或者，所述凹槽设置于所述第二侧边，沿所述第一方向凹进。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括馈电点，所述片状辐射体为悬浮辐射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点和所述馈电点分别间接耦合于所述悬浮辐射体。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第一枝节，所述片状辐射体与所述第一枝节间隔设置，所述第一接地点和所述第二接地点设于所述第一枝节上，并通过所述第一枝节为所述片状辐射体间接耦合接地。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第二枝节，所述片状辐射体与所述第二枝节间隔设置，所述馈电点设于所述第二枝节，并所述第二枝节为所述片状辐射体间接耦合馈电。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述片状辐射体为贴片天线辐射体。
  17. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，该电子设备包括主板、电池盖及前述权利要求1-16中任一项所述的天线，所述主板、所述天线和所述电池盖沿所述电子设备的厚度方向依次设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线还包括支架，所述片状辐射体设置在所述支架上，所述支架设置在所述主板上；或者
    所述天线还包括柔性电路板，所述片状辐射体设置在所述柔性电路板上，所述柔性电路板连接于所述主板。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电池盖包括绝缘内表面，所述片状辐射体为设置于所述绝缘内表面上的悬浮辐射体，所述第一接地点、所述第二接地点分别间接耦合于所述悬浮辐射体。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述悬浮辐射体通过所述第一枝节间接耦合接地，所述主板、所述第一枝节、所述悬浮辐射体和所述电池盖沿所述电子设备的厚度方向依次设置。
PCT/CN2021/137028 2021-02-10 2021-12-10 一种天线及电子设备 Ceased WO2022170842A1 (zh)

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