WO2022199585A1 - 一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统 - Google Patents

一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022199585A1
WO2022199585A1 PCT/CN2022/082324 CN2022082324W WO2022199585A1 WO 2022199585 A1 WO2022199585 A1 WO 2022199585A1 CN 2022082324 W CN2022082324 W CN 2022082324W WO 2022199585 A1 WO2022199585 A1 WO 2022199585A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
photovoltaic
power
bus
photovoltaic cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/082324
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆青松
徐志武
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Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP22774241.8A priority Critical patent/EP4307512A4/en
Priority to CN202280008680.4A priority patent/CN116670958A/zh
Publication of WO2022199585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022199585A1/zh
Priority to US18/472,370 priority patent/US20240014682A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H02J1/106—Parallel operation of DC sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as AC or DC; Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks combining AC and DC sections or sub-networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/10—Local stationary networks having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular, to a photovoltaic power generation system, a power control device and an energy storage system.
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell also the voltage input to the DC/DC conversion module
  • the input power on the DC side fluctuates. For example, when scanning the IV curve of the photovoltaic cell, generally, the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell gradually decreases to the short-circuit voltage, or the short-circuit voltage increases to the open-circuit voltage.
  • the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, a power control device and an energy storage system, which are used to stabilize the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system and avoid power fluctuations.
  • the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, including a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a DC/DC conversion module, a DC bus capacitor, an energy storage component, and a power control device; the input side of the DC/DC conversion module is connected to the A plurality of photovoltaic cells are coupled, and the output side is capacitively coupled to the DC bus, which is used to adjust the operating state of each photovoltaic cell and output the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic cells to the DC bus capacitor; the energy storage component is connected to the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC bus is capacitively coupled for storing electrical energy or providing electrical energy; the power control device is respectively coupled with the DC bus capacitor and the energy storage component, and is used for detecting the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component is controlled to charge the DC bus capacitor; the DC bus capacitor is used for coupling the load.
  • the power control device is respectively coupled with the DC bus capacitor and the energy storage component in the photovoltaic power generation system, detects the voltage on the DC bus capacitor, and when the detected first voltage satisfies the preset compensation condition, the power control device can control the The energy storage components charge the DC bus capacitor to compensate the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system to stabilize the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system and avoid power fluctuations.
  • the power control device when the power control device controls the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor, it is specifically used for: controlling the energy storage component to provide a second voltage for the DC bus capacitor, the The second voltage is determined based on the first voltage and a bus reference voltage; the bus reference voltage is determined based on open circuit voltages of some of the photovoltaic cells and a peak line voltage of the load.
  • the power control device may determine the second voltage provided by the energy storage component when charging the DC bus capacitor according to the bus reference voltage and the detected first voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the bus reference voltage can be the peak line voltage of the load coupled to the photovoltaic power generation system, or the open circuit voltage of some photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device may also be used to: if the first voltage does not meet the preset compensation condition, control the energy storage component to obtain the first electric energy from the DC bus capacitor and generate the first electric energy. storing, the first electrical energy is determined based on the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device may control the energy storage component to absorb power from the DC bus capacitor when the detected first voltage of the DC bus capacitor does not meet the preset compensation condition, for example, obtain the first electric energy, and store the absorbed power. or energy gained.
  • the absorbed power or the obtained first electrical energy may be determined according to the first voltage and the bus reference voltage. For example, when the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system becomes larger, the energy storage components are controlled to store a part of the electric energy.
  • the bus reference voltage may be the partial photovoltaic cell. or if the maximum value of the open circuit voltages corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in the partial photovoltaic cells is less than the peak line voltage of the load, the bus reference voltage can be is the peak line voltage of the load.
  • some of the photovoltaic cells may be one or more photovoltaic cells in an abnormal operating state. If the maximum open circuit voltage corresponding to some photovoltaic cells is greater than or equal to the peak line voltage of the load, the bus reference voltage may be selected as the maximum value of the open circuit voltages corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in the partial photovoltaic cells. Conversely, if the maximum open-circuit voltage corresponding to some photovoltaic cells is smaller than the peak voltage of the load, the bus reference voltage may be selected as the peak line voltage of the load. The bus reference voltage may be used to determine the second voltage provided by the energy storage component to the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device is further coupled with the DC/DC conversion module, and the power control device can control all the components in response to the first instruction before detecting the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC/DC conversion module scans the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell, and the first photovoltaic cell is any one of the partial photovoltaic cells; or in response to the second instruction, the DC/DC conversion module is controlled to perform an IV curve scan on all the photovoltaic cells.
  • the first photovoltaic cell is subjected to multi-peak scanning.
  • the power control device may control the DC/DC conversion module to make some photovoltaic cells in an abnormal operating state in response to the received instruction, for example, perform an IV curve scan on the first photovoltaic cell, or perform operations such as multi-peak scanning.
  • the power output by the first photovoltaic cell fluctuates, which will cause the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system to fluctuate.
  • the power control device charges the DC bus capacitor by controlling the energy storage components to compensate for the fluctuation of the total DC side power of the photovoltaic power generation system caused by the output power of the part of the photovoltaic cells, so as to stabilize the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the load has no effect on this. perception.
  • the system may further include a DC/AC inverter module; the input side of the DC/AC inverter module is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, and the output side of the DC/AC inverter module is used for coupling with the load; the DC/AC inverter module is used for converting the electrical energy output from the DC/DC conversion module to the DC bus capacitor into AC power and then providing it to the load.
  • a DC/AC inverter module the input side of the DC/AC inverter module is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, and the output side of the DC/AC inverter module is used for coupling with the load; the DC/AC inverter module is used for converting the electrical energy output from the DC/DC conversion module to the DC bus capacitor into AC power and then providing it to the load.
  • the DC/AC inverter module in the photovoltaic power generation system may be coupled with the load to provide the load with AC power.
  • the power control device controls the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor, compensates the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system, and can stabilize the input side of the DC/AC inverter module. Total power, which helps to stabilize the total power supplied to the load through the output side of the DC/AC inverter module.
  • the power control device is specifically configured to control the DC/AC inverter module to output the AC power of the first power for the load; the first power is based on the first current and the third voltage. Determined; the first current and the third voltage are: the power control device controls the DC/DC conversion module to scan the IV curve of some photovoltaic cells in the plurality of photovoltaic cells, or controls the The current and voltage output by the DC/AC inverter module before the DC/DC conversion module performs multi-peak scanning on the part of the photovoltaic cells.
  • the power control device may control the DC/AC inverter module to be in a constant power mode, that is, to output stable power.
  • the power output by the control DC/AC inverter module is close to the power output by the DC/AC inverter module before the DC/DC inverter module performs IV curve scanning or multi-peak scanning on some photovoltaic cells.
  • the load may be the grid side, that is, the photovoltaic power generation system may provide power to the grid or supply power to the grid.
  • the power control device may include multiple controllers.
  • a plurality of controllers may cooperate to implement the functions of the power control apparatus in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the plurality of controllers may be integrated with different modules or circuit devices in the photovoltaic power generation system, respectively.
  • the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which may include multiple photovoltaic cells, multiple DC/DC conversion circuits, DC bus capacitors, energy storage components, DC/AC inverter modules, and power control devices.
  • the input side of each of the DC/DC conversion circuits is coupled with a photovoltaic cell, and the output side is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, for adjusting the operating state of the connected photovoltaic cells and converting the electrical energy provided by the connected photovoltaic cells output to the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component is capacitively coupled to the DC bus for storing or providing electrical energy.
  • the input side of the DC/AC inverter module is capacitively coupled to the DC bus, and the output side of the DC/AC inverter module is coupled to the load for converting the electrical energy on the DC bus capacitor into AC power and then providing to the load.
  • the power control device is respectively coupled with the plurality of DC/DC conversion circuits, the DC bus capacitors, the energy storage component and the DC/AC inverter module, and can be used for: after receiving the IV curve scanning instruction , determine the first power provided by the DC/AC inverter module to the load, and the instruction is used to instruct to scan the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell, where the first photovoltaic cell is one of the multiple photovoltaic cells of at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • the first DC/DC conversion circuit connected to each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell is controlled to adjust the photovoltaic cell to operate in an open-circuit state, and the open-circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell is determined. And based on the open-circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell and the line voltage peak value of the load, a bus reference voltage is determined, and the bus reference voltage is used to determine whether the energy storage component charges the DC bus capacitor or from the DC bus. The voltage threshold at which the bus capacitors obtain energy.
  • the power control device may determine the bus reference voltage by using the open circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell and the line voltage of the load.
  • the power control device can use the determined bus reference voltage as a voltage threshold for judging whether it is necessary to control the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor or obtain electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device can use the determined bus reference voltage as a voltage threshold to control the energy storage components, for example, by controlling the energy storage components to charge the DC bus capacitors or absorb the electric energy at the DC bus capacitors, the first photovoltaic
  • the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system is adjusted when the battery performs an IV curve scan.
  • the power control device may control the first DC/DC conversion circuit to perform an IV curve scan on the first photovoltaic cell in response to the IV curve scan instruction; During the process of scanning the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell by the DC/DC conversion circuit, the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor is detected. When the first voltage is lower than the bus reference voltage, the energy storage component is controlled to charge the DC bus capacitor; or, when the first voltage is greater than the bus reference voltage, the energy storage component is controlled A first electrical energy is obtained and stored from the DC bus capacitor, the first electrical energy is determined based on the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the DC/AC inverter module is controlled to work in a constant power output state, and the constant power output state is
  • the DC power on the DC bus capacitor is converted into AC power of a second power and supplied to the load, where the difference between the second power and the first power is smaller than a preset power threshold.
  • the power control device may control the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor, or absorb the DC bus capacitor to Stabilize the power at the DC bus capacitor, that is, stabilize the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device can also control the DC/AC inverter module to work in a constant power output state during the IV curve scan of the first photovoltaic cell, and the second power provided to the load is different from the situation where the IV curve scan is not performed on the first photovoltaic cell. It can reduce the total power fluctuation of the AC side of the photovoltaic power generation system, avoid impact on the load, and also make the load not aware of the total power change of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device controls the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor, it is specifically used for: controlling the energy storage component to provide a second voltage for the DC bus capacitor, the The second voltage is determined based on the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device is further configured to: control the DC/DC conversion circuits of the plurality of DC/DC conversion circuits except the first DC/DC conversion circuit to work at a maximum power point Track MPPT status.
  • the power control device can also control other DC/DC conversion circuits in the system except the first DC/DC conversion circuit to operate in the MPPT state, and can make the circuits connected to the other DC/DC conversion circuits operate in the MPPT state.
  • the maximum power output of each photovoltaic cell can increase the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the bus reference voltage is the maximum value among the open circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell and the peak line voltage of the load.
  • the first DC/DC conversion circuit scans the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell
  • it is specifically used for: adjusting the output voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell, and adjusting the output voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell. Record the output currents of the photovoltaic cells under different output voltages; send the recorded output currents of the photovoltaic cells under different output voltages to the first device, where the first device sends the IV curve scan instruction device of.
  • the present application provides a power control device, which can be applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a DC/DC conversion module, a DC bus capacitor and an energy storage component; the DC/DC The input side of the conversion module is coupled with the plurality of photovoltaic cells, the output side is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, the energy storage component is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, and the DC bus capacitor is used for coupling loads; the power control device It includes a detection circuit and a control circuit, wherein: the detection circuit is used to detect the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor; the control circuit is coupled with the detection circuit, and is used to determine that the first voltage meets a preset value When the compensation condition is satisfied, the energy storage component is controlled to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device is respectively coupled with the DC bus capacitor and the energy storage component in the photovoltaic power generation system, detects the voltage on the DC bus capacitor, and when the detected first voltage satisfies the preset compensation condition, the power control device can control the The energy storage components charge the DC bus capacitor to compensate the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system, so as to stabilize the total power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system and avoid power fluctuations.
  • control circuit when the control circuit controls the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor, it is specifically used to: control the energy storage component to provide a second voltage for the DC bus capacitor, and the first Two voltages are determined based on the first voltage and a bus reference voltage; the bus reference voltage is determined based on open circuit voltages of some of the plurality of photovoltaic cells and a peak line voltage of the load.
  • control circuit is further configured to: if it is determined that the first voltage does not meet the preset compensation condition, control the energy storage component to obtain the first electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor and store it. , the first electrical energy is determined based on the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the bus reference voltage is determined to be selected as the partial photovoltaic cell.
  • control circuit is further configured to: before the detection circuit detects the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor, in response to a first instruction, control the DC/DC conversion module to perform the first photovoltaic The battery performs IV curve scanning, and the first photovoltaic cell is any one of the partial photovoltaic cells; or in response to the second instruction, the DC/DC conversion module is controlled to perform multi-peak scanning on the first photovoltaic cell, That is, the first photovoltaic cell is in an abnormal operation state.
  • the present application provides an energy storage system, which may include an energy storage component and any power control device as in the second aspect and possible designs.
  • the energy storage system can be applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells coupled in sequence, a DC/DC conversion module, and a DC bus capacitor for coupling with a load.
  • the energy storage system may include an energy storage component and a power control device; the power control device is respectively coupled to the DC bus capacitor and the energy storage component, and the energy storage component is capacitively coupled to the DC bus.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the framework of a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a power control method for a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a power control method for a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system.
  • a current photovoltaic power generation system may include a plurality of photovoltaic cells (eg, photovoltaic cell 1, photovoltaic cell 2, . . . photovoltaic cell N). Each photovoltaic cell may include at least one photovoltaic string.
  • the assembly between the photovoltaic cell and the load may include at least one DC/DC conversion module 201 and a DC bus. Each photovoltaic cell is connected to the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 can adjust the operating state of each photovoltaic cell. For example, the DC/DC conversion module 201 can be used to adjust the output voltage of each photovoltaic cell (that is, the voltage provided by each photovoltaic cell or output to the DC/DC conversion module 201). .
  • the DC bus can be connected to a load, such as a DC load, that is, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide the total output power to the DC load.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 is connected to the DC bus, and the DC/DC conversion module 201 provides the output power of each photovoltaic cell to the DC load via the DC bus.
  • the DC load may be the DC/AC inverter module 202, or an inverter.
  • Photovoltaic power generation systems can supply power to AC loads.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system may further include a DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 is coupled to the DC bus, and the DC bus is coupled to the load through the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can convert the DC power on the current bus to AC power.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can be connected to the load, so that the photovoltaic power generation system can provide output power to the load.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 may include one or more DC/AC inverter circuits.
  • the DC side of each DC/AC inverter circuit is capacitively coupled with the DC bus, that is, each DC/AC inverter circuit can be connected in parallel to the two poles of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC bus may further include a plurality of switches, and at least one switch may be provided on the connection line between the DC bus capacitor and each DC/AC inverter circuit.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 can provide DC power for at least one DC/AC inverter circuit via the DC bus.
  • the DC bus and the DC/AC inverter module 202 may form a first inverter system to convert the DC current output by the DC/DC conversion module 201 into an AC current.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201, the DC bus, and the DC/AC inverter module 202 may constitute a second inverter system, which converts the DC current output by each photovoltaic cell into an AC current.
  • testing the performance parameters of photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic power generation system may include, but is not limited to, detecting the IV curve of photovoltaic cells, performing multi-peak scanning on photovoltaic cells, or detecting the operating point at which photovoltaic cells output maximum power. Due to the need to adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell cannot work normally, that is, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is in an abnormal working state (for example, the output power is not the maximum power state), so that the output power of the photovoltaic cell does not work properly. Stablize. The following description will be given by taking the IV curve scanning of the photovoltaic cell as an example.
  • the IV curve scanning technology is used for abnormal diagnosis of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic power generation systems or photovoltaic power plants.
  • By comparing the IV curve of the tested photovoltaic cell obtained by scanning with the IV curve of the normal (non-abnormal) photovoltaic cell it can be determined whether the tested photovoltaic cell is abnormal.
  • the current of the photovoltaic cell under test changes due to the change of the input voltage of the photovoltaic cell under test, which causes the output power of the photovoltaic cell under test to be unstable, that is, the occurrence of Power fluctuations.
  • the total input power of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system is stabilized by sacrificing the maximum output power Pmax of the photovoltaic cell to be tested.
  • the total input power Ptotal_test of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than the total input power Ptotal of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system that any one photovoltaic cell performs the IV curve scan (that is, the total input power of the photovoltaic power generation system during normal operation), that is, Ptotal_test ⁇ Ptotal -Pmax.
  • Such a design can make the total input power Ptotal_test of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system stable when the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic power generation system scan the IV curve, so that the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system (that is, the power provided by the AC side to the grid) is constant. It can be seen that the total output power of the inverter in such a design is constant, but the total output power of the inverter will be less than the total output power of the photovoltaic power generation system when the IV curve scan is not performed on any photovoltaic cell (that is, the photovoltaic power generation system operates normally. total output power).
  • the embodiment of the present application adds a power control device 501 and an energy storage component 502 on the basis of the photovoltaic power generation system shown in FIG. 2 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the power control device 501 may be coupled to the DC bus for detecting the voltage of the DC bus.
  • the power control device 501 is capacitively coupled to the DC bus in the DC bus, and can detect the voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component 502 is coupled to the DC bus, eg, connected to the DC bus capacitor in the DC bus.
  • the energy storage assembly 502 may store electrical energy or provide electrical energy.
  • the first end of the energy storage component 502 can be connected to the first pole 1 of the DC bus capacitor, and the second end of the energy storage component 502 can be connected to the second pole 2 of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage assembly 502 can include at least one power source assembly, which can include one or more batteries.
  • the battery may be a rechargeable and dischargeable battery such as a lithium battery or a lead-acid battery.
  • the energy storage component 502 can supply power to the DC bus capacitor, that is, charge the DC bus capacitor, or provide (or output) power to the DC bus capacitor.
  • the electrical energy stored by the energy storage component 502 may come from the DC bus capacitors, such as by absorbing power from the DC bus capacitors.
  • the electrical energy in the energy storage assembly 502 may also come from other devices.
  • Power control device 501 may be coupled with energy storage assembly 502 .
  • the power control device 501 can detect whether the first voltage on the DC bus capacitor satisfies a preset compensation condition. When the first voltage satisfies the preset compensation condition, the power control device 501 can control the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor, or control the energy storage component 502 to output (or provide) power to the DC bus capacitor.
  • the preset compensation condition may be that the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor is less than the target total voltage (or referred to as the bus reference voltage).
  • the bus reference voltage can be used as a voltage threshold for the power control device 501 to determine whether to control the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device 501 may control the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor when the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor is lower than the bus reference voltage.
  • the bus reference voltage may be the total voltage output by the DC bus capacitors when the photovoltaic power generation system is in a normal operating state (eg, multiple photovoltaic cells are all operating in a normal operating state).
  • the preset compensation condition may also be that the detected total power determined based on the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor is less than the target total power (or referred to as the first bus reference power).
  • the detected total power may be determined based on the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor and the current at the DC bus capacitor when the voltage is detected.
  • the target total power may be the total power output by the DC bus capacitor under the condition that multiple photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic power generation system work in a normal operating state. That is, when the photovoltaic power generation system is in normal operation, the total power output by the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component 502 can provide the second voltage for the DC bus capacitor.
  • the second voltage may be determined by the power control device 501 based on the detected first voltage on the DC bus capacitance and the bus reference voltage.
  • the second voltage may be the absolute value M of the difference between the bus reference voltage and the first voltage, or the second voltage may be the sum of M and a preset voltage value.
  • the energy storage component 502 provides a second voltage for the DC bus capacitor to increase the total output power of the DC bus capacitor, so as to maintain the total output power of the DC bus capacitor stable, such as maintaining the total output power of the DC bus capacitor corresponding to the bus reference voltage. of power.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the embodiments of the present application can better stabilize the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system when the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell changes, and prevent the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system from fluctuating.
  • the situation in which the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell changes may include the foregoing scenario of detecting the performance parameters of the photovoltaic cell, or the photovoltaic cell may be adjusted to work in other state (such as multi-peak scan, IV curve scan, fault detection, etc.).
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may include multiple DC/DC boost circuits, each A DC/DC boost circuit can connect one or more photovoltaic cells.
  • each A DC/DC boost circuit can connect one or more photovoltaic cells.
  • the output voltage of the first photovoltaic cell changes, the output power of the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell (power output to the DC bus capacitor) fluctuates in power, which will affect the DC/DC conversion module 201
  • the total power on the output side fluctuates, for example, the power generation of the photovoltaic cells on the DC/DC boost circuit to which the first photovoltaic cell is connected is lost.
  • the power control device 501 controls the energy storage component 502 to provide the second voltage for the DC bus capacitor, which can reduce the power fluctuation of the output power of the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell due to the power fluctuation of the first photovoltaic cell. , the influence on the total power at the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the power control device 501 controls the energy storage component 502 to provide the second voltage for the DC bus capacitor, which can stabilize the total power output from the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201, or can make the total power output from the DC/DC conversion module 201 output side. constant.
  • the connection relationship between the multiple photovoltaic cells and the DC/DC conversion module 201 can be seen in FIG. 4 .
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may include a plurality of DC/DC boost circuits.
  • a DC/DC boost circuit can be connected to a photovoltaic cell.
  • the photovoltaic cell may include multiple photovoltaic strings, and the number of photovoltaic strings in each photovoltaic cell may be the same or different. Multiple photovoltaic strings in one photovoltaic cell are connected in parallel. Wherein, the input side of the DC/DC boost circuit is connected with the photovoltaic cell.
  • the first input terminal of the DC/DC boost circuit is connected to the positive pole of the photovoltaic cell, and the second input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the photovoltaic cell 1 is connected to the input side of the DC/DC booster circuit 1, the positive pole of the photovoltaic cell 1 can be connected to the first input terminal T1 of the DC/DC booster circuit 1, and the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell 1 can be It is connected to the second input terminal T2 of the DC/DC boost circuit 1 .
  • the first output terminal S1 and the second output terminal S2 of the DC/DC conversion module 201 are respectively connected to the two poles of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the first output S1 of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC bus capacitor
  • the second output S2 of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is connected to the negative electrode of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the first output S1 of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is connected to the negative electrode of the DC bus capacitor
  • the second output S2 of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is connected to the positive electrode of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 and the DC bus capacitor can form a DC/DC conversion device, which can aggregate or integrate the DC power output by each photovoltaic cell.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system in the embodiment of the present application may be a string photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the first output terminal of each DC/DC boost circuit can be connected to the first pole of the DC bus capacitor, and the second output terminal can be connected to the second pole of the DC bus capacitor, that is, each DC/DC The boost circuit is connected in parallel.
  • the first output terminal P1 of the DC/DC boost circuit 1 is connected to the first pole 1 of the DC bus capacitor
  • the second output terminal P2 of the DC/DC boost circuit 1 is connected to the second pole 2 of the DC bus capacitor. connect.
  • the coupling between the power control device 501 and other components may refer to the direct physical and/or electrical contact between the power control device 501 and other components, or may refer to the power control device 501 There is no direct contact with other components, but can still cooperate and/or interact with each other.
  • the power control apparatus 501 is connected in communication with other components, and the power control apparatus 501 may send messages, instructions or commands to other components, instructing the other components to perform operations corresponding to the messages, instructions or commands.
  • the power control device 501 may, in response to the control command, perform operations corresponding to the control command.
  • the control instruction may be sent to the power control apparatus 501 by other electronic devices (eg, a host computer, a server, a management background, a remote management device, etc.).
  • the power control device 501 can also detect an instruction triggered by the user, and execute an operation corresponding to the instruction.
  • the power control device 501 may include components such as a display device, a processor, and/or buttons, so that the user can trigger the first command through a management interface, a menu, etc. displayed by the display device.
  • the power control device 501 may control the operating state of at least one photovoltaic cell (eg, the first photovoltaic cell) in the plurality of photovoltaic cells in response to the first instruction.
  • the first photovoltaic cell is controlled to be switched from working in a normal operating state to a state corresponding to the first command.
  • the number of the first photovoltaic cells is not less than 1, and the power control device 501 can control the operating states of two or more photovoltaic cells synchronously.
  • the power control device 501 may control the first photovoltaic cell to switch from operating in a normal operating state to operating in a state corresponding to the first command.
  • the first instruction may be an IV curve scan instruction, and the power control device 501 may perform an IV curve scan on the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the first command may be a maximum power point detection command (or a multi-peak scanning command), and the power control device 501 may use the multi-peak scanning technology to perform multi-peak scanning on the first photovoltaic cell, or perform multi-peak scanning on the first photovoltaic cell. Peak scanning is performed to determine the voltage corresponding to the maximum output power of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may be coupled with the DC/DC conversion module 201 to interact with the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the power control device 501 can adjust the operating state of the photovoltaic cell by controlling the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the power control device 501 may send a second instruction to the DC/DC conversion module 201, and the second instruction may be used to instruct the DC/DC conversion module 201 to scan the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell in a preset manner.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may include a first controller, and the first controller may control each DC/DC boost circuit in the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may scan the IV curve of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell in a preset manner according to the received second instruction. Taking the IV curve scan of the photovoltaic cell 1 as an example, the DC/DC conversion module 201 gradually reduces the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell 1 from the open-circuit voltage (that is, the input voltage of the photovoltaic cell 1 to the connected DC/DC boost circuit 1) to The short-circuit voltage, and/or, gradually increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell 1 from the short-circuit voltage to the open-circuit voltage. Every time the voltage changes by a preset voltage value, the current is measured and recorded. From the recorded voltage and corresponding current (scan data), the IV curve of the DC/DC boost circuit 1 can be determined.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201, or the DC/DC boost circuit can also send the recorded voltages and corresponding currents to the device that sends the first instruction to the power control device 501 (eg, during or after the IV curve scan). host computer, server, management background, remote management equipment, etc.).
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 and/or the DC/DC boost circuit may further include a data storage unit for storing various voltages and corresponding currents.
  • the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell may also be obtained in other ways, or in other words, the IV curve may be scanned in other ways, so as to obtain the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may control the first photovoltaic cell to perform IV curve scanning, multi-peak scanning, and the like. Since the first photovoltaic cell is switched from the normal operating state to the operating state of performing IV curve scanning or multi-peak scanning, the output power (power output to the DC bus capacitor) of the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell appears power Fluctuations will affect the total power at the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 to fluctuate, such as loss of power generation of the photovoltaic cells on the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may detect the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor in scenarios such as controlling the first photovoltaic cell to perform IV curve scanning, multi-peak scanning, etc., and determine whether the detected voltage of the DC bus capacitor satisfies the preset compensation condition, that is, to determine whether the detected voltage of the DC bus capacitor is less than the bus reference voltage. If the detected first voltage of the DC bus capacitor is lower than the bus reference voltage, it can be determined that the output power of the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell has power fluctuations.
  • the power control device 501 can control the energy storage component 502 to be a DC bus. Capacitor charging. For example, the energy storage component 502 is controlled to provide the second voltage for the DC bus capacitor to stabilize the total power output from the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201, or to make the total power output from the DC/DC conversion module 201 constant.
  • the bus reference voltage may be determined based on the open circuit voltage of some photovoltaic cells in the plurality of photovoltaic cells and the line voltage peak value of the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the part of the photovoltaic cells may be photovoltaic cells in an abnormal operating state, such as the first photovoltaic cells subjected to IV curve scanning or multi-peak scanning.
  • the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell may be predetermined.
  • the manner in which the power control device 501 determines the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell is briefly described below.
  • the power control device 501 may send a third instruction to the DC/DC conversion module 201 before controlling the IV curve scanning or multi-peak scanning of the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic power generation system, and the third instruction is used to instruct the DC/DC conversion module 201 to control the
  • the first photovoltaic cell works in an open-circuit state, and the output voltage of the first photovoltaic cell is detected when the first photovoltaic cell works in an open-circuit state, that is, the open-circuit voltage detection value of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may receive the open-circuit voltage detection value of the first photovoltaic cell reported by the DC/DC conversion module 201 or the DC/DC booster connected to the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may determine the open circuit voltage detection value as the open circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may also determine the open circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell based on the open circuit voltage detection value and the first preset voltage threshold. For example, the sum of the open-circuit voltage detection value and the first preset voltage threshold value is determined as the open-circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the process of determining the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell by the power control device 501 provided in the embodiment of the present application is only used for illustration, and is not a specific limitation of the manner of determining the open circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell. It should be understood that the power control device 501 may also obtain the open-circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell in other ways, for example, directly receiving the data reported by the DC/DC conversion module 201 or the DC/DC booster circuit connected to the first photovoltaic cell. The open circuit voltage of the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the line voltage peak value of the load connected to the DC bus capacitor is also the line voltage peak value of the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the peak value of the line voltage of the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system is recorded as the fourth voltage.
  • the power control device 501 may use the peak value of the line voltage of the grid connected to the photovoltaic power generation system as the fourth voltage.
  • the power control device 501 may take the line voltage peak value of the load according to the sum of the line voltage peak value of the power grid and the second preset voltage threshold.
  • the power control device 501 may obtain the peak line voltage of the grid connected to the photovoltaic power generation system in advance, or the power control device 501 may store the peak value of the line voltage of the grid connected to the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • any detection method or obtaining method in the art may be adopted, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power control device 501 can determine the bus reference voltage based on the open circuit voltage of some photovoltaic cells in the plurality of photovoltaic cells and the line voltage peak value of the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system, so as to determine whether the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor is not The preset compensation conditions are met. For example, if the fourth voltage is greater than or equal to the maximum open circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell, the power control device 501 may use the fourth voltage as the bus reference voltage. If the fourth voltage is smaller than the maximum value of the open circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the first photovoltaic cell, the power control device 501 may use the maximum value as the bus reference voltage.
  • At least one photovoltaic cell (part of the photovoltaic cells in the multiple photovoltaic cells) is in an abnormal operation state among the multiple photovoltaic cells, or There is at least one photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic power generation system to perform cell performance detection (eg, IV curve scan, multi-peak scan, etc.).
  • the power control device 501 may predetermine the open circuit voltage of each photovoltaic cell in the at least one photovoltaic cell.
  • one photovoltaic cell q1 among the plurality of photovoltaic cells is in an abnormal operating state, and if the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q1 is greater than or equal to the fourth voltage, the power control device 501 may refer to the bus bar as a reference.
  • the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q1 in the voltage set is used as the bus reference voltage. If the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q1 is lower than the fourth voltage, the power control device 501 uses the fourth voltage in the bus reference voltage set as the bus reference voltage.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic cells in the plurality of photovoltaic cells are in an abnormal operation state, for example, the photovoltaic cell q2 and the photovoltaic cell q3 are in an abnormal operation state. It is assumed that the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q2 is the largest among the photovoltaic cell q2 and the photovoltaic cell q3. If the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q2 is greater than or equal to the fourth voltage, the power control device 501 uses the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q2 in the bus reference voltage set as the bus reference voltage. If the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell q2 is lower than the fourth voltage, the power control device 501 may use the fourth voltage in the bus reference voltage set as the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device 501 After the power control device 501 detects the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor, it is determined that the detected first voltage of the DC bus capacitor does not meet the preset compensation condition, and the power control device 501 can control the energy storage.
  • the component 502 obtains the first electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor, that is, absorbs the power output by the DC/DC conversion module 201 through the DC bus capacitor, or controls the energy storage component 502 to store a part of the power output by the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the bus reference voltage can also be used as a voltage threshold for the power control device 501 to determine whether to control the energy storage component 502 to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device 501 may control the energy storage component 502 to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor when the detected voltage on the DC bus capacitor is greater than the bus reference voltage. It can be understood that the bus reference voltage can be used by the power control device 501 to determine and control the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor, or control the energy storage component 502 to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component 502 may store the absorbed first electrical energy into a power supply component included in the energy storage component 502, wherein the first electrical energy may be the power control device 501 based on the first voltage and the The bus reference voltage is determined.
  • the power control device 501 can utilize the energy storage component 502 to maintain the total output power of the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 by absorbing the excess electric energy output by the DC/DC conversion module 201, thereby avoiding the DC/DC conversion.
  • the total output power on the output side of the module 201 fluctuates.
  • the power control device 501 may also control each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic power generation system to work in a normal operation state, so as to realize the normal operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • a photovoltaic cell works in a normal operating state, which may also be referred to as the photovoltaic cell operating at a preset operating point.
  • the power control device 501 may not change the first photovoltaic cell except for the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the state of the photovoltaic cells other than the battery (for the convenience of distinction, denoted as the second photovoltaic cell), so that each photovoltaic cell in the second photovoltaic cell keeps working in a normal operating state.
  • the preset operating point may be the operating point corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic cell (denoted as the fifth voltage).
  • the power control device 501 can control the DC/DC conversion module 201 or the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the photovoltaic cell to use a maximum power point tracking (maximum power point tracking, MPPT) technology to determine the maximum output power of the photovoltaic cell. the corresponding work point.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may be implemented as an MPPT combiner box.
  • the power control device 501 can control the output voltage of other photovoltaic cells to be the fifth voltage, so that all other photovoltaic cells can output the maximum power, which can increase the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device 501 may be connected to the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the power control device 501 may determine the total output power of the DC/AC inverter module 202 as the total output power reference value before controlling the DC/DC conversion module 201 to perform IV curve scanning or multi-peak scanning on the first photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may control the DC/AC inverter module 202 to work in a constant power mode.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 When the DC/AC inverter module 202 operates in the constant power mode, it can be considered that the power output by the DC/AC inverter module 202 or the power output to the connected load is within a preset power range.
  • the difference between each power value within the preset power range and the total output power reference value is not less than the preset power threshold.
  • the total output power output by the DC/AC inverter module 202 to the load is a value within a preset power range.
  • the power control device 501 may acquire the total output power of the DC/AC inverter module 202 before the first photovoltaic cell performs the IV curve scan, and use it as the total output power reference value Pref. And control the DC/AC inverter module 202 to output the difference between the total power P' and the total output power reference value Pref during the process of scanning the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell not to exceed the preset power threshold.
  • the power control device 501 compensates the influence on the total power of the DC side due to the scanning of the IV curve of the first photovoltaic cell by controlling the energy storage component 502, so as to stabilize the total power of the DC side.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 is controlled to be in the constant power mode, which can reduce the fluctuation of the total power on the AC side, so that the photovoltaic power generation system can output power to the load stably.
  • the energy storage component 502 may include a DC/DC conversion circuit, a power supply component, and the like.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit can boost the voltage provided by the power supply component in the energy storage component 502, and output the processed voltage to the DC bus capacitor, so that the energy storage component 502 can charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit can also perform step-down processing on the voltage at the DC bus capacitor, so that the power component in the energy storage component 502 can absorb the power output by the DC/DC conversion module 201 via the DC bus capacitor, and can realize DC/DC
  • the conversion module 201 charges the energy storage assembly 502 .
  • the power control device 501 may be coupled, eg, in communication, with the DC/DC conversion circuit in the energy storage assembly 502 .
  • the power control device 501 can instruct the DC/DC conversion circuit to control the power supply assembly to run in a charging state or in a discharging state through messages, instructions or commands, etc., so as to realize the connection of the energy storage assembly 502 to the DC bus capacitor via the DC bus capacitor.
  • the load is charged, or the power output by the DC/DC conversion module 201 is absorbed through the DC bus capacitor.
  • the DC/DC conversion circuit may be an integrated circuit, such as a second controller or the like.
  • the power control apparatus 501 may include a detection circuit and a control circuit, and the control circuit is connected to the detection circuit.
  • the detection circuit is coupled with the DC bus capacitor, and can detect the voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the control circuit may be connected to the energy storage component 502, and may perform charge control and/or discharge control on the energy storage component 502.
  • the control circuit in the power control device 501 can control the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor, that is, control the energy storage component 502 to discharge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the control circuit in the power control device 501 can control the energy storage component 502 to absorb the electric energy of the DC bus capacitor, that is, the energy storage component 502 is charged.
  • the power control apparatus 501 may further include a memory for storing computer program instructions, and the control circuit may execute the computer program instructions to make one or more of the photovoltaic power generation system power control methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. steps are performed.
  • the control circuit may include one or more controllers. Multiple controllers may cooperate to execute the power control method provided in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a power control method for a photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device 501 may perform or implement one or more steps of the method.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system power control method may include the following steps:
  • Step S601 the control circuit of the power control device 501 controls the first photovoltaic cell to switch from working in a normal operating state to working in a state corresponding to the first instruction in response to the first instruction, and the first photovoltaic cell is the first photovoltaic cell. any one of the photovoltaic cells.
  • the first instruction may be an IV curve scan instruction or a multi-peak scan instruction.
  • the control circuit of the power control device 501 may control the DC/DC conversion module 201 to perform the IV curve scan on the first photovoltaic cell in response to the IV curve scan instruction. It is also possible to control the DC/DC conversion module 201 to perform multi-peak scanning on the first photovoltaic cell in response to the multi-peak scanning instruction.
  • the first photovoltaic cell may be at least one photovoltaic cell of a plurality of photovoltaic cells.
  • Step S602 the detection circuit of the power control device 501 detects the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the detection circuit of the power control device 501 can detect the voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the detected voltage of the DC bus capacitor is recorded as the first voltage. It should be understood that the detection circuit of the power control device 501 detects the voltage of the DC bus capacitor, which can be regarded as detecting the voltage of the DC bus.
  • Step S603 if the first voltage satisfies the preset compensation condition, the control circuit of the power control device 501 controls the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the control circuit of the power control device 501 can be coupled with the DC/DC conversion circuit in the energy storage component 502, and the voltage provided by the power supply component in the energy storage component 502 is boosted by controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit, and the processing The latter voltage is output to the DC bus capacitor, so that the energy storage component 502 can charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the following describes the power control process of the photovoltaic power generation system including the power control device 501 and the energy storage component 502 by taking the scenario where the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell changes by performing the IV curve scan as an example, please refer to FIG. 6 .
  • the power control method may include the following steps:
  • step S701 the power control device 501 receives the IV curve scanning instruction.
  • the power control apparatus 501 may receive the IV curve scanning instruction sent by the first device, and the first device may be a device such as a host computer. After receiving the IV curve scan command, the power control device 501 can start the photovoltaic cell (denoted as the first DC/DC booster circuit) connected to at least one DC/DC booster circuit (denoted as the first DC/DC booster circuit) in the photovoltaic power generation system. Three photovoltaic cells) for the process of IV curve scanning.
  • Step S702 the power control device 501 determines the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device 501 may select one voltage from the set of bus reference voltages as the bus reference voltage.
  • the bus reference voltage set may include the maximum value V1 of the input voltage of the at least one DC/DC boost circuit.
  • each third photovoltaic cell is controlled to work in an open-circuit state.
  • the open circuit voltage of each third photovoltaic cell is detected, and the maximum value of the open circuit voltage of each third photovoltaic cell is taken as the maximum value of the input voltage of the at least one DC/DC boost circuit.
  • the bus reference voltage set may also include a predetermined reference voltage V2.
  • the power control device 501 may determine the preset reference voltage according to the line voltage peak value of the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system. For example, the reference voltage corresponding to the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system during the IV curve scan of the photovoltaic cell is calculated. For example, the power control device 501 may determine the reference voltage corresponding to the total power according to the total power required by the loads connected to the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the power control device 501 may change the at least one The maximum value V1 of the input voltage of the DC/DC boost circuit is used as the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device 501 will perform the IV curve of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the reference voltage V2 corresponding to the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system is determined as the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control device 501 may control the first DC/DC boost circuit in the DC/DC conversion module 201 to be in the voltage scan control mode in response to the IV curve scan command (as shown in FIG. 6 ). S708), so that the first DC/DC boost circuit scans the IV curve of the third photovoltaic cell.
  • the power control device 501 may send a first control command to the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the third photovoltaic cell in the DC/DC conversion module 201, where the first control command is used to indicate that the DC/DC boost circuit is in a state of Voltage sweep control mode.
  • the DC/DC boost circuit is in the voltage scanning control mode, the output voltage of the connected photovoltaic cell can be adjusted according to the preset method, and the output current of the photovoltaic cell can be detected, so as to obtain the voltage and current data, which is convenient for determining the photovoltaic cell. the IV curve.
  • the first DC/DC boost circuit can record the output current of the third photovoltaic cell under different output voltages, and can also store it in the data storage unit.
  • Each of the DC/DC boost circuits in the first DC/DC boost circuit can send the output currents of the connected photovoltaic cells under different output voltages after completing the IV curve scan of the connected photovoltaic cells. It is given to the first device (such as a host computer, etc.), so that the first device can be in different positions according to the connected photovoltaic cells reported by each DC/DC boost circuit in the first DC/DC boost circuit.
  • the output current at the output voltage determines the IV curve of each DC/DC boost circuit in the first DC/DC boost circuit.
  • the first DC/DC boost circuit may send the output currents of the connected photovoltaic cells under different output voltages to the power control device 501 .
  • the power control device 501 may perform steps such as step S703 synchronously. It can be understood that, in the case where the number of the first DC/DC boost circuit is multiple, that is, two or more photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic power generation system can perform IV curve scanning synchronously, which can shorten the time required for photovoltaic power generation. The duration of the IV curve scan for each photovoltaic cell in the system.
  • step S703 the power control device 501 detects the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device 501 may detect the DC bus capacitance, and record the detected voltage as the first voltage. For example, the power control device 501 can detect the voltage of the DC bus capacitor in real time.
  • step S704 the power control device 501 determines whether the first voltage is lower than the bus reference voltage. If so, the next step is to perform step S705, and if not, the next step is to perform step S706.
  • Step S705 the power control device 501 controls the energy storage component to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device 501 determines that the first voltage is less than the bus reference voltage determined in step S702, it controls the energy storage component 502 to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the energy storage component 502 is controlled to provide a second voltage to the DC bus capacitor, and the second voltage may be determined based on the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the energy storage component 502 is used to compensate the power fluctuation of the at least one DC/DC boost circuit on the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system, thereby reducing the IV voltage of the photovoltaic cells connected to the at least one DC/DC boost circuit.
  • the load is impacted, so that the output power of the AC side of the photovoltaic power generation system can be stabilized at the output power of the AC side before the IV curve scan of any photovoltaic cell is started. Therefore, the load side cannot perceive the power fluctuation of the DC side of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • Step S706 the power control device 501 controls the first electric energy obtained by the energy storage component from the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power storage component 502 is controlled to absorb the first electric energy on the DC bus capacitor.
  • the electric energy charged by the DC bus capacitor to the energy storage component 502 can also be controlled to be the first electric energy.
  • the first electrical energy can be determined according to the first voltage and the bus reference voltage.
  • the power control apparatus 501 may further perform the process of step S707, such as controlling the DC/AC inverter module to be in a constant power mode.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 is in the constant power mode, the output power is relatively stable, and the total power provided to the load connected to the photovoltaic power generation system fluctuates less.
  • the power control apparatus 501 may instruct step S702 and execute step S707 in parallel after step S701, that is, after receiving the IV curve scanning instruction, the power control apparatus 501 may control the DC/AC inverter module 202 to be in a constant state. power mode.
  • the power control device 501 may also perform step S707 before performing step S708.
  • the power control device 501 may obtain the total output power of the DC/AC inverter module 202 before controlling the first DC/DC boost circuit to scan the IV curve of the third photovoltaic cell, and use it as a reference for the total output power. value Pref. And control the DC/AC inverter module 202 to output the difference between the total power P' and the total output power reference value Pref in the process of performing the IV curve scan of the third photovoltaic cell not to exceed the preset power threshold.
  • the power control device 501 compensates the influence on the total power of the DC side due to the IV curve scanning performed by the third photovoltaic cell by controlling the energy storage component 502, so as to stabilize the total power of the DC side. Then, the DC/AC inverter module 202 is controlled to be in the constant power mode, which can reduce the fluctuation of the total power on the AC side, so that the photovoltaic power generation system can output power to the load stably.
  • the power control device 501 can control the DC/DC boost circuits connected to the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of photovoltaic cells except the third photovoltaic cell to work at the maximum power point. Track MPPT status, or work in MPPT tracking mode.
  • the power control device 501 may also scan the fourth photovoltaic cell (a photovoltaic cell other than the third photovoltaic cell among the plurality of photovoltaic cells)
  • the connected DC/DC boost circuit sends a second control command, and the second control command is used to instruct the DC/DC boost circuit to adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell based on the MPPT algorithm or technology, so that the photovoltaic cell works at the maximum output power. state.
  • Other DC/DC boost circuits other than the first DC/DC boost circuit work in the MPPT tracking (or tracking) mode to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system continues to provide power for the load (eg, the grid).
  • the power control device 501 may also send a third control instruction to the DC/DC boost circuit connected to the fourth photovoltaic cell, where the third control instruction is used to instruct the DC/DC boost circuit to adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, In order to make the photovoltaic cell work at the preset operating point, it can also ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system can continue to provide power for the load (such as the power grid).
  • the power control device 501 can use the energy storage component 502 to compensate the power fluctuation of the scanning branch, and control the photovoltaic cells on the non-scanning branch to work in the MPPT tracking state, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system is in the IV curve scanning period.
  • the side has the maximum power output, which can make the output power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system for the load constant (with small fluctuations within a certain range), and minimize the impact on the load (such as the power grid).
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage system 800 that can manage (or control) the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system may include a plurality of photovoltaic cells coupled in sequence, a DC/DC conversion module 201 and a DC bus.
  • the energy storage system 800 may include a control device 801 and an energy storage assembly 802 .
  • the control device 801 may be a controller, a processor, or a chip. Control device 801 is coupled to energy storage assembly 802 . The control device 801 may be capacitively coupled to the DC bus. The control device 801 may have some or all of the functions of the power control device 501 in the foregoing embodiments of the present application.
  • the energy storage assembly 802 may be the energy storage assembly 502 in the foregoing embodiments of the present application. The energy storage assembly 802 may be used to store electrical energy or to provide electrical energy.
  • control device 801 can detect the first voltage of the DC bus capacitor, and if the first voltage satisfies a preset compensation condition, control the energy storage component 801 to charge the DC bus capacitor, so as to realize the stable DC/DC conversion module 201 The total power on the output side is stable.
  • the DC bus capacitance is coupled to the DC load.
  • the control device 801 can stabilize the power provided by the DC/DC conversion module 201 to the load by controlling the operation of the energy storage component 801 to charge the DC bus capacitor.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system may include a DC/AC inverter module 202, and the DC/AC inverter module 202 is capacitively coupled to the DC bus.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can convert the DC power provided by the DC bus into AC power, which is supplied to the connected loads.
  • the control device 801 may be coupled with the DC/DC conversion module 201 , and the control device 801 may interact with the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the control device 801 may communicate with the controller included in the DC/DC conversion module 201, and the control device 801 may receive the photovoltaic cell information provided by the DC/DC conversion module 201, such as the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell, or a plurality of photovoltaic cells the maximum value of the open circuit voltage.
  • the control device 801 may be coupled with the DC/AC inverter module 202 , and the control device 801 may interact with the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the control device 801 may communicate with a controller included in the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the control device 801 can receive the load information provided by the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can provide the control device 801 with the peak value of the grid line voltage.
  • control device 801 may obtain the peak value of the line voltage of the power grid in advance.
  • control device 801 may acquire the peak value of the line voltage of the power grid in real time through communication.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 can also detect the performance of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may also perform IV curve scanning on the photovoltaic cells corresponding to the instruction in response to an instruction sent by the host computer to scan the IV curve of one or more photovoltaic cells.
  • the energy storage system 800 can stabilize the power at the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 to avoid the AC side of the DC/AC inverter module 202 The output power fluctuates greatly.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can work in a constant power mode, which can keep the output power of the AC side stable.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may interact with the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the controller included in the DC/DC conversion module 201 may interact with the controller included in the DC/AC inverter module 202 .
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may notify the DC/AC inverter module 202 after receiving the instruction to detect the performance of the photovoltaic cell.
  • the DC/AC inverter module 202 can switch to work in the constant power mode after receiving the instruction.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system may include a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a DC/DC conversion module 201 and an inverter system 1000 .
  • the inverter system 1000 may include a DC/AC inverter module 202, a DC bus capacitor, the power control device 501 and the energy storage component 502 provided in the foregoing embodiments.
  • a plurality of photovoltaic cells are coupled to the input side of the DC/DC conversion module 201, the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is capacitively coupled to the DC bus, the input side of the DC/AC inverter module 202 is capacitively coupled to the DC bus, and the DC/AC The output side of the inverter module 202 may be coupled with a load.
  • the energy storage component 502 can be capacitively coupled to the DC bus for discharging, or charging, through the DC bus capacitance.
  • the power control device 501 can be coupled with the DC bus capacitor to detect the voltage of the DC bus capacitor.
  • the power control device 501 can be coupled to the energy storage component 502, the power control device 501 can control the energy storage component 502 to provide power through the DC bus capacitor, and the power control device 501 can also control the energy storage component 502 to absorb power from the DC bus capacitor.
  • the inverter system 1000 may include the energy storage assembly 502 .
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic power generation system, as shown in FIG. 9 , which may include a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a DC/DC conversion module 201, a DC bus, a control device 1101, an energy storage system 1102, and a DC/AC inverter system 1103.
  • a photovoltaic cell is coupled to the input side of the DC/DC conversion module 201, and the output side of the DC/DC conversion module 201 is coupled to the DC bus.
  • the energy storage system 1102 is coupled to the DC bus.
  • the DC/AC inverter system 1103 is coupled to the DC bus.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 can implement or execute any MPPT tracking technology to adjust the output voltage of the connected photovoltaic cells.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 can also collect the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic cells, and send them to the control device 1101 to scan the IV curve of the photovoltaic cells.
  • the DC/DC conversion module 201 may be implemented as an MPPT combiner box.
  • the control device 1101 may have the functions of the power control apparatus 501 in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the control device 1101 may execute one or more steps in the power control method of the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the control device 1101 may include the power control device 501 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the control device 1101 can interact with the DC/DC conversion module 201 .
  • the control device 1101 may also interact with the energy storage system 1102 .
  • the control device 1101 can also interact with the DC/AC inverter system 1103 .
  • control device 1101 may also include one or more processors.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, or the like.
  • it may be a baseband processor, or a central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data
  • the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (eg, base stations, terminals, or chips, etc.), execute software programs, and process data of software programs.
  • the control device 1101 may also include one or more memories.
  • data may also be stored in the memory.
  • instructions and/or data may also be stored in the processor.
  • instructions to control photovoltaic power generation systems may also be provided separately or integrated together.
  • the control device 1101 may include a communication unit for communicating with external devices, such as the DC/DC conversion module 201, the energy storage system 1102, the DC/AC inverter system 1103, and the like.
  • the energy storage system 1102 may have the function of the energy storage assembly 502 in the above-described embodiments.
  • the energy storage system 1102 can provide power to the DC bus, and can also absorb power on the DC bus.
  • the control device 1101 may control the energy storage system 1102 to implement one or more steps in the power control method of the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy storage system 1102 may include a processor and a battery.
  • the processor may communicate with external devices, such as control device 1101 .
  • the processor can control the battery to charge the DC bus and also control the battery to absorb power from the DC bus.
  • the DC/AC inverter system 1103 can convert DC power into AC power, and provide it to a load, such as a power grid, through the AC output terminal.
  • the DC/AC inverter system 1103 may include at least one DC/AC inverter circuit.
  • the DC/AC inverter system 1103 may include components such as inverters.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统，用于稳定光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，避免出现功率波动。光伏发电系统包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块、直流母线电容、储能组件和功率控制装置；直流/直流变换模块的输入侧与多个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与直流母线电容耦合，用于调整各光伏电池的运行状态，并将光伏电池提供的电能输出到直流母线电容；储能组件与直流母线电容耦合，用于储存电能或提供电能；功率控制装置分别与直流母线电容和储能组件耦合，用于检测直流母线电容的第一电压，在第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，控制储能组件向直流母线电容充电；直流母线电容用于耦合负载。

Description

一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年03月25日提交中华人民共和国知识产权局、申请号为202110319259.2、申请名称为“一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及到光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及到一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统。
背景技术
为检测光伏发电系统中光伏电池的性能参数，如进行多峰扫描，IV曲线扫描等，通常需要调整光伏电池的输出电压(也是向直流/直流变换模块输入的电压)，会引起光伏发电系统的直流侧输入功率出现波动。例如对光伏电池IV曲线扫描时，一般由光伏电池的开路电压逐渐减小到短路电压，或者由短路电压增大到开路电压。因光伏电池的输出电压发生变化，被测光伏电池输出的电流也随之发生变化，造成被测光伏电池的输出功率不稳定，即出现功率波动。如图1所示，这样使得光伏发电系统中逆变器的直流侧的输入功率出现功率波动，造成逆变器交流侧的输出功率出现大幅波动，影响光伏发电系统连接的电网，如造成电网事故。
发明内容
本申请提供一种光伏发电系统、功率控制装置及储能系统，用于稳定光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，避免出现功率波动。
第一方面，本申请提供一种光伏发电系统，包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块、直流母线电容、储能组件和功率控制装置；所述直流/直流变换模块的输入侧与所述多个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于调整各光伏电池的运行状态，并将所述光伏电池提供的电能输出到所述直流母线电容；所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于储存电能或提供电能；所述功率控制装置分别与所述直流母线电容和所述储能组件耦合，用于检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压，在所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电；所述直流母线电容用于耦合负载。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置分别与光伏发电系统中的直流母线电容和储能组件耦合，检测直流母线电容上的电压，检测的第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，功率控制装置可以控制储能组件向直流母线电容充电，对光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率进行补偿，以稳定光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，避免出现功率波动。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的；所述母线参考电压是基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分 光伏电池的开路电压和所述负载的线电压峰值确定的。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置可以根据母线参考电压和检测到的直流母线电容的第一电压，确定储能组件向直流母线电容充电时提供的第二电压。母线参考电压可以是光伏发电系统耦合的负载的线电压峰值，或者是光伏发电系统中部分光伏电池的开路电压。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置还可以用于：若所述第一电压不满足所述预设补偿条件，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置可以在检测到的直流母线电容的第一电压不满足预设补偿条件时，控制储能组件从直流母线电容处吸收功率，如获取第一电能，并存储吸收或者获取的能量。所吸收的功率或者所获取的第一电能可以是根据第一电压和母线参考电压确定的。例如，光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率变大时，控制储能组件存储一部分电能。
一种可能的设计中，若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值大于或等于所述负载的线电压峰值时，所述母线参考电压可为所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值；或者若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值小于所述负载的线电压峰值时，所述母线参考电压可为所述负载的线电压峰值。
本申请实施例中，部分光伏电池可以是处于非正常运行状态的一个或多个光伏电池。部分光伏电池对应的开路电压的最大值大于或等于负载的线电压峰值，则母线参考电压可以选为所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值。反之，若部分光伏电池对应的开路电压的最大值小于所述负载的电压峰值，则母线参考电压可以选为所述负载的线电压峰值。母线参考电压可以用于确定储能组件向直流母线电容提供的第二电压。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置还与所述直流/直流变换模块耦合，所述功率控制装置可以在检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压之前，响应于第一指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，所述第一光伏电池为所述部分光伏电池中的任意一个；或者响应于第二指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置可以响应于接收的指令，控制直流/直流变换模块使部分光伏电池处于非正常运行状态，例如对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，或者多峰扫描等操作。在所述第一光伏电池由正常运行状态变为非正常运行状态时，所述第一光伏电池输出的功率发生波动，会造成光伏发电系统直流侧总功率发生波动。功率控制装置通过控制储能组件对直流母线电容充电，补偿所述部分光伏电池输出的功率所造成光伏发电系统直流侧总功率发生波动，实现稳定光伏发电系统直流侧总功率，而负载对此无感知。
一种可能的设计中，所述系统还可以包括直流/交流逆变模块；所述直流/交流逆变模块的输入侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流/交流逆变模块的输出侧用于与所述负载耦合；所述直流/交流逆变模块，用于将所述直流/直流变换模块输出到所述直流母线电容上的电能变换为交流电后提供给所述负载。
本申请实施例中，光伏发电系统中的直流/交流逆变模块可以与负载耦合，为负载提供交流电。在直流母线电容的电压满足预设补偿条件的情形下，功率控制装置控制储能组件对直流母线电容充电，补偿光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，可稳定直流/交流逆变模块的输入侧的总功率，有助于稳定通过直流/交流逆变模块的输出侧提供给负载的总功率。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置，具体用于控制所述直流/交流逆变模块为所述负载输出第一功率的交流电；所述第一功率是基于第一电流和第三电压确定的；所述第一电流和所述第三电压为：所述功率控制装置控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描、或者控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述部分光伏电池进行多峰扫描之前，所述直流/交流逆变模块输出的电流和电压。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置可以控制直流/交流逆变模块处于恒功率模式，即输出稳定的功率。例如，控制直流/交流逆变模块输出的功率与直流/直流逆变模块对部分光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或者多峰扫描的之前直流/交流逆变模块输出的功率接近。
一种可能的设计中，所述负载可为电网侧，即光伏发电系统可以向电网提供功率或向电网供电。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置可以包括多个控制器。多个控制器可以协同实现前述实施例中功率控制装置的功能。所述多个控制器可以分别与光伏发电系统中不同模块或电路器件集成。
第二方面，本申请提供一种光伏发电系统，可以包括多个光伏电池、多个直流/直流变换电路、直流母线电容、储能组件、直流/交流逆变模块和功率控制装置。每个所述直流/直流变换电路的输入侧与一个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于调整连接的光伏电池的运行状态，并将所述连接的光伏电池提供的电能输出到所述直流母线电容。所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于储存电能或提供电能。所述直流/交流逆变模块的输入侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流/交流逆变模块的输出侧与负载耦合，用于将所述直流母线电容上的电能变换为交流电后提供给所述负载。所述功率控制装置分别与所述多个直流/直流变换电路、所述直流母线电容、所述储能组件和所述直流/交流逆变模块耦合，可以用于：接收到IV曲线扫描指令后，确定所述直流/交流逆变模块向所述负载提供的第一功率，所述指令用于指示对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，所述第一光伏电池为所述多个光伏电池中的至少一个光伏电池。然后，控制所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池连接的第一直流/直流变换电路调整所述各光伏电池运行在开路状态，确定所述各光伏电池的开路电压。并基于所述各光伏电池的开路电压以及所述负载的线电压峰值，确定母线参考电压，所述母线参考电压为用于判断所述储能组件对所述直流母线电容充电或者从所述直流母线电容获取电能的电压阈值。
本申请实施例中，光伏发电系统中第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描之前，功率控制装置可以利用第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压和负载的线电压确定出母线参考电压。功率控制装置可以将确定出的母线参考电压，作为判断是否需要的控制储能组件向直流母线电容充电或者从直流母线电容出获取电能的电压阈值。功率控制装置可以利用确定出的母线参考电压作为电压阈值对储能组件进行控制，如控制储能组件对所述直流母线电容充电或者吸收所述直流母线电容处的电能，可以实现对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的情形下对光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率进行调整。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置可以响应于所述IV曲线扫描指令，控制所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描；并在所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压。在所述第一电压小于所述母线参考电压时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电；或者，在所述第一电压大于所述母线参考电压时，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容 处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。以及在所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，控制所述直流/交流逆变模块工作在恒功率输出状态，所述恒功率输出状态为将所述直流母线电容上的直流电转化为第二功率的交流电并提供给所述负载，所述第二功率与所述第一功率的差值小于预设功率阈值。
本申请实施例中，光伏发电系统中第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，为稳定直流母线电容处的功率，功率控制装置可以控制储能组件对直流母线电容充电，或者吸收直流母线电容以稳定直流母线电容处的功率，也即稳定光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率。功率控制装置也可以控制直流/交流逆变模块在第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描期间，工作在恒功率输出状态，向负载提供的第二功率与未对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的情形下的第一功率接近，降低光伏发电系统交流侧的总功率波动，避免对负载造成冲击，也可使负载感知不到光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率变化。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的。
一种可能的设计中，所述功率控制装置还用于：控制所述多个直流/直流变换电路除所述第一直流/直流变换电路之外的直流/直流变换电路工作在最大功率点跟踪MPPT状态。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置还可以控制系统中除了第一直流/直流变换电路之外的其它直流/直流变换电路运行在MPPT状态，可以使所述其它直流/直流变换电路所连接的各光伏电池输出最大功率，可提升光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率。
一种可能的设计中，所述母线参考电压为所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压以及所述负载的线电压峰值中的最大值。
一种可能的设计中，所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描时，具体用于：调整所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的输出电压，并记录所述各光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流；将所述记录的各光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流发送给第一设备，所述第一设备为发送所述IV曲线扫描指令的设备。
第三方面，本申请提供一种功率控制装置，可以应用于光伏发电系统，所述光伏发电系统包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块、直流母线电容和储能组件；所述直流/直流变换模块的输入侧与所述多个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与直流母线电容耦合，所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流母线电容用于耦合负载；所述功率控制装置包括检测电路和控制电路，其中：所述检测电路，用于检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压；所述控制电路与所述检测电路耦合，用于在确定所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置分别与光伏发电系统中的直流母线电容和储能组件耦合，检测直流母线电容上的电压，检测的第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，功率控制装置可以控制储能组件向直流母线电容充电，以对光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率进行补偿，以稳定光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，避免出现功率波动。
一种可能的设计中，所述控制电路控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的；所述母线参考电压是基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分光 伏电池的开路电压和所述负载的线电压峰值确定的。
一种可能的设计中，所述控制电路还用于：若确定所述第一电压不满足所述预设补偿条件，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。
一种可能的设计中，若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值大于或等于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则确定所述母线参考电压选为所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值；或者若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值小于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则确定所述母线参考电压选为所述负载的线电压峰值。
一种可能的设计中，所述控制电路还用于：在所述检测电路检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压之前，响应于第一指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，所述第一光伏电池为所述部分光伏电池中的任意一个；或者响应于第二指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描，即第一光伏电池处于非正常运行状态。
第四方面，本申请提供一种储能系统，可以包括储能组件和如第二方面及可能设计中的任一功率控制装置。储能系统可以应用于光伏发电系统，所述光伏发电系统包括依次耦合的多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块和直流母线电容，所述直流母线电容用于与负载耦合。所述储能系统可以包括储能组件和功率控制装置；所述功率控制装置分别与所述直流母线电容和储能组件耦合，所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合。
上述第三方面、第四方面可以达到的技术效果请参照上述第一方面中或第二方面中相应设计可以达到的技术效果描述，这里不再重复赘述。
附图说明
图1为一种光伏发电系统构架示意图；
图2为一种光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图3为一种光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图4为一种光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图5为一种光伏发电系统功率控制方法的示意流程图；
图6为一种光伏发电系统功率控制方法的示意流程图；
图7为一种储能系统的结构示意图；
图8为一种光伏发电系统的结构示意图；
图9为一种光伏发电系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合各个附图对本申请实施例进行详细阐述。
如图2所示，目前的光伏发电系统可以包括多个光伏电池(如光伏电池1，光伏电池2，...光伏电池N)。各光伏电池可以包括至少一个光伏组串。光伏电池与负载之间的组件可以包括至少一个直流/直流变换模块201和直流母线。各光伏电池与直流/直流变换模块201连接。直流/直流变换模块201可以调整各光伏电池的运行状态，如直流/直流变换模块 201可以用于调整各光伏电池的输出电压(即各光伏电池提供或者输出给直流/直流变换模块201的电压)。
直流母线可以与负载连接，如直流负载，即光伏发电系统可以将总输出功率提供给直流负载。直流/直流变换模块201与直流母线连接，直流/直流变换模块201将各光伏电池的输出功率经由直流母线提供给直流负载。可选地，直流负载可以是直流/交流逆变模块202，或者逆变器。
光伏发电系统可以为交流负载供电。如图2所示，光伏发电系统还可以包括直流/交流逆变模块202。直流/交流逆变模块202与所述直流母线耦合，所述直流母线通过直流/交流逆变模块202与负载耦合。直流/交流逆变模块202可以将之流母线上的直流电转换为交流电。直流/交流逆变模块202可以与负载连接，使得光伏发电系统可以将输出功率提供给负载。
直流/交流逆变模块202可以包括一个或多个直流/交流逆变电路。各直流/交流逆变电路的直流侧与直流母线电容耦合，即各直流/交流逆变电路可以并联在直流母线电容的两极。直流母线还可以包括多个开关，直流母线电容与各直流/交流逆变电路的连接线上可以设置至少一个开关。直流/直流变换模块201经由所述直流母线可以为至少一个直流/交流逆变电路提供直流电。可选的，直流母线和直流/交流逆变模块202可组成第一逆变器系统，将直流/直流变换模块201输出的直流电流转换为交流电流。直流/直流变换模块201、直流母线以及直流/交流逆变模块202可构成第二逆变器系统，将各光伏电池输出的直流电流转换为交流电流。
通常，对光伏发电系统中的光伏电池的性能参数进行检测，可以包括但不限于检测光伏电池的IV曲线，对光伏电池进行多峰扫描，或者检测光伏电池的输出最大功率的工作点等场景。因需要调整光伏电池的输出电压，使得该光伏电池无法正常工作，也即该光伏电池的输出电压为非正常工作状态(如输出功率为非最大功率的状态)，使得该光伏电池的输出功率不稳定。下面以对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描为例进行说明。
IV曲线扫描技术用于对光伏发电系统或光伏电站中的光伏电池进行异常诊断。将扫描得到的被测光伏电池的IV曲线与正常(非异常)的光伏电池的IV曲线进行比较，可以确定被测光伏电池是否发生异常。而在被测光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，被测光伏电池因输入电压的变化，导致被测光伏电池的电流也随之发生变化，从而造成被测光伏电池的输出功率不稳定，即出现功率波动。使得光伏发电系统的直流侧(如图1所示)的输入功率出现功率波动，造成光伏发电系统的输出功率出现大幅波动。光伏发电系统的输出功率出现波动会影响光伏发电系统连接的电网，如造成电网事故，会使接受光伏发电系统调度的业主面临电力公司的罚款。
为避免对光伏发电系统中的光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，光伏发电系统提供给电网的功率发生波动。通常采用牺牲该被测光伏电池的最大输出功率Pmax的方式，使光伏发电系统直流侧的总输入功率稳定。此时光伏发电系统直流侧的总输入功率Ptotal_test小于任意一个光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的光伏发电系统直流侧的总输入功率Ptotal(即光伏发电系统正常运行时的总输入功率)，即Ptotal_test≤Ptotal-Pmax。这样的设计可使光伏发电系统中的光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描时，光伏发电系统直流侧的总输入功率Ptotal_test稳定，从而使得光伏发电系统的输出功率(即交流侧提供给电网的功率)恒定。可见，这样的设计中逆变器的总输出功率恒定，但是逆变器的总输出功率会小于未对任意 一个光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描时光伏发电系统的总输出功率(即光伏发电系统正常运行时的总输出功率)。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例在前述图2所示的光伏发电系统的基础上，增加了功率控制装置501和储能组件502，具体如图3所示。功率控制装置501可以与直流母线耦合，用于检测直流母线的电压。例如，功率控制装置501与直流母线中的直流母线电容耦合，可以检测直流母线电容的电压。储能组件502与直流母线耦合，如与直流母线中直流母线电容连接。储能组件502可以储存电能或者提供电能。如图4所示，储能组件502的第一端可以与直流母线电容的第一极1连接，储能组件502的第二端可以与直流母线电容的第二极2连接。
储能组件502可以包括至少一个电源组件，电源组件可以包括一个或多个电池。可选地，电池可以为锂电池、铅酸电池等可充电、放电的电池。储能组件502可以向直流母线电容供电，即对直流母线电容充电，或称向直流母线电容提供(或输出)功率。储能组件502存储的电能可以来自直流母线电容，如从直流母线电容中吸收功率。储能组件502中的电能也可以来自其他装置。
功率控制装置501可以与储能组件502耦合。功率控制装置501可以检测直流母线电容上的第一电压是否满足预设补偿条件。功率控制装置501在第一电压满足预设补偿条件的情形下，可以控制储能组件502向直流母线电容充电，或者称控制储能组件502向直流母线电容输出(或提供)功率。
一种可能的实施方式中，预设补偿条件可以为检测到的直流母线电容上的电压小于目标总电压(或者称母线参考电压)。母线参考电压可以作为功率控制装置501判断是否控制储能组件502对直流母线电容充电的电压阈值。功率控制装置501可以在检测到的直流母线电容上的电压小于母线参考电压时，控制储能组件502对直流母线电容充电。可选地，母线参考电压可以为光伏发电系统正常运行状态的情形下(如多个光伏电池均工作在正常运行状态)，直流母线电容输出的总电压。
另一种可能的实施方式中，预设补偿条件也可以为基于检测到的直流母线电容上的电压确定的检测总功率小于目标总功率(或者称第一母线参考功率)。其中，检测总功率可以是基于检测到的直流母线电容上的电压和检测该电压时直流母线电容处的电流确定的。目标总功率可以为光伏发电系统中多个光伏电池均工作在正常运行状态的情形下，直流母线电容输出的总功率。也即光伏发电系统正常运行时，直流母线电容输出的总功率。
储能组件502对直流母线电容充电时，储能组件502可以为直流母线电容提供第二电压。第二电压可以是功率控制装置501基于检测到的直流母线电容上的第一电压和母线参考电压确定的。例如，第二电压可以为母线参考电压与第一电压的差值的绝对值M，或者第二电压可以为M和预设电压值之和。储能组件502为直流母线电容提供第二电压，以提升直流母线电容的总输出功率，实现维持直流母线电容的总输出功率稳定，如维持直流母线电容的总输出功率为所述母线参考电压相应的功率。从而本申请实施例提供的光伏发电系统可以在光伏电池的输出电压发生变化的情形下，可较好稳定光伏发电系统的输出功率，防止光伏发电系统的输出功率出现波动。
示例性的，光伏电池的输出电压发生变化的情形可以包括前述对光伏电池的性能参数进行检测的场景，还可以是将光伏电池工作在正常运行状态(如输出最大功率状态)调整为工作在其它状态(如多峰扫描、IV曲线扫描、故障检测等)的场景。
比如，以多个光伏电池中的至少一个光伏电池为例(下述以至少一个光伏电池为第一光伏电池为例)，直流/直流变换模块201可以包括多个直流/直流升压电路，每个直流/直流升压电路可以连接一个或多个光伏电池。第一光伏电池的输出电压发生变化的情形下，第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路的输出功率(输出至直流母线电容的功率)出现功率波动，会影响直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率发生波动，如损失第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路上的光伏电池的发电量。功率控制装置501控制储能组件502为直流母线电容提供第二电压，可以减小因第一光伏电池由于出现功率波动，第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路的输出功率出现功率波动，对直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率的影响。或者说，功率控制装置501控制储能组件502为直流母线电容提供第二电压，可以稳定直流/直流变换模块201输出侧输出的总功率，或可使直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率恒定。
示例性的，多个光伏电池与直流/直流变换模块201的连接关系，可以参见图4。直流/直流变换模块201可以包括多个直流/直流升压电路。一个直流/直流升压电路可以连接一个光伏电池。光伏电池可以包括多个光伏组串，各光伏电池中的光伏组串的数量可以相同，也可以不同。一个光伏电池中的多个光伏组串并联连接。其中，直流/直流升压电路的输入侧与光伏电池连接。例如，直流/直流升压电路的第一输入端与光伏电池的正极连接，第二输入端与光伏电池的负极连接。如图4所示，光伏电池1与直流/直流升压电路1的输入侧连接，光伏电池1的正极可以与直流/直流升压电路1的第一输入端T1连接，光伏电池1的负极可以与直流/直流升压电路1的第二输入端T2连接。
直流/直流变换模块201与直流母线中的直流母线电容的连接关系，请参见图4。直流/直流变换模块201的第一输出端S1和第二输出端S2分别与直流母线电容的两极连接。例如，直流/直流变换模块201的第一输出端S1与直流母线电容的正极连接，直流/直流变换模块201的第二输出端S2与直流母线电容的负极连接。或者，直流/直流变换模块201的第一输出端S1与直流母线电容的负极连接，直流/直流变换模块201的第二输出端S2与直流母线电容的正极连接。可选的，直流/直流变换模块201和直流母线电容可组成直流/直流变换装置，可以汇聚或者整合各光伏电池输出的直流电。
可选地，本申请实施例中的光伏发电系统可以为组串式光伏发电系统。如图4所示，各直流/直流升压电路的第一输出端可以与直流母线电容的第一极连接，第二输出端可以与直流母线电容的第二极连接，也即各直流/直流升压电路并联。示例性地，直流/直流升压电路1的第一输出端P1与直流母线电容的第一极1连接，直流/直流升压电路1的第二输出端P2与直流母线电容的第二极2连接。
一种可能的实施方式中，本申请实施例中，功率控制装置501与其他组件耦合，可以指功率控制装置501与其他组件之间彼此直接物理和/或电接触，也可以指功率控制装置501与其他组件之间彼此不直接接触，但仍然可以彼此协作和/或互相作用。例如功率控制装置501与其他组件通信连接，功率控制装置501可以向其他组件发送消息、指令或命令，指示其他组件执行所述消息、指令或者命令相应的操作。
功率控制装置501可以响应于控制指令，执行该控制指令相应的操作。该控制指令可以是其它电子设备(如上位机、服务器、管理后台、远程管理设备等)发送给功率控制装置501。功率控制装置501也可检测使用者触发的指令，执行该指令相应的操作。例如，功率控制装置501可以包括显示装置、处理器和/或按钮等组件，以便于使用者通过显示装 置显示的管理界面、菜单等触发第一指令。
示例性的，功率控制装置501可以响应于第一指令，对多个光伏电池中的至少一个光伏电池(如第一光伏电池)的运行状态进行控制。如控制第一光伏电池由工作在正常运行状态切换为第一指令相应的状态。可选地，第一光伏电池的数量不小于1，功率控制装置501可以同步对两个或更多光伏电池的运行状态进行控制。
例如，功率控制装置501可以控制第一光伏电池由工作在正常运行状态切换为工作在第一指令相应的状态。第一指令可以为IV曲线扫描指令，功率控制装置501可以对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。或者，第一指令可以为最大功率点检测指令(或者多峰扫描指令)，功率控制装置501可以利用多峰扫描技术对第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描，也可以通过对第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描，确定所述第一光伏电池输出最大功率相应的电压。
如图3所示，功率控制装置501可以与直流/直流变换模块201耦合，以与直流/直流变换模块201进行交互。功率控制装置501可以通过控制直流/直流变换模块201调整光伏电池工作的运行状态。例如，功率控制装置501可以向直流/直流变换模块201发送第二指令，第二指令可以用于指示直流/直流变换模块201按照预设方式对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。可选地，直流/直流变换模块201可以包括第一控制器，第一控制器可以控制直流/直流变换模块201中的各直流/直流升压电路。
直流/直流变换模块201可以根据接收的第二指令，对第一光伏电池中各光伏电池按照预设方式进行IV曲线扫描。以对光伏电池1进行IV曲线扫描为例，直流/直流变换模块201将光伏电池1的输出电压由开路电压逐渐减少(即光伏电池1输入到连接的直流/直流升压电路1的电压)至短路电压，和/或，由短路电压逐渐增大光伏电池1的输出电压至开路电压。电压每变化预设电压值，测量并记录电流。根据记录的电压和相应的电流(扫描数据)，可以确定直流/直流升压电路1的IV曲线。
直流/直流变换模块201，或者，直流/直流升压电路还可以在IV曲线扫描时或者之后，将记录的各电压及相应的电流发送给向功率控制装置501发送该第一指令的设备(如上位机、服务器、管理后台、远程管理设备等)。可选的，直流/直流变换模块201，和/或，直流/直流升压电路还可以包括数据存储单元，用于存储各电压及相应的电流。本申请实施例中，第一光伏电池的IV曲线，还可以采用其它方式获得，或者说还可以采用其它方式进行IV曲线扫描，从而得到第一光伏电池的IV曲线。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置501可以控制第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，多峰扫描等。由于第一光伏电池从正常工作状态切换为进行IV曲线扫描或者多峰扫描的运行状态，第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路的输出功率(输出至直流母线电容的功率)出现功率波动，会影响直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率发生波动，如损失第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路上的光伏电池的发电量。这时，功率控制装置501可以在控制第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，多峰扫描等场景中，检测直流母线电容的第一电压，并确定检测到的直流母线电容的电压是否满足预设补偿条件，即确定检测到的直流母线电容的电压是否小于母线参考电压。若检测到的直流母线电容的第一电压小于母线参考电压，可确定第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路的输出功率出现功率波动。为避免第一光伏电池所连接的直流/直流升压电路的输出功率出现功率波动，对直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率的影响，功率控制装置501可以控制储能组件502为直流母线电容充电。例如，控制储能组件502为直流母线电容提供第二电压，以稳定直流/直流变换模块201输 出侧输出的总功率，或可使直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的总功率恒定。
一种可能的实施方式中，所述母线参考电压可以是基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池的开路电压和光伏发电系统所连接负载的线电压峰值确定的。所述部分光伏电池可以为非正常运行状态的光伏电池，如进行IV曲线扫描或者多峰扫描的第一光伏电池。可选地，光伏电池的开路电压可以是预先确定的。
下面简单介绍功率控制装置501确定光伏电池的开路电压的方式。
功率控制装置501可以在控制对光伏发电系统中的光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或者多峰扫描之前，向直流/直流变换模块201发送第三指令，第三指令用于指示直流/直流变换模块201控制所述第一光伏电池工作在开路状态，并检测所述第一光伏电池工作在开路状态的情形下，所述第一光伏电池的输出电压，即所述第一光伏电池的开路电压检测值。功率控制装置501可以接收直流/直流变换模块201或者所述第一光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路上报的所述第一光伏电池的开路电压检测值。功率控制装置501可以将所述开路电压检测值确定为第一光伏电池的开路电压。功率控制装置501也可以基于所述开路电压检测值和第一预设电压阈值，确定所述第一光伏电池的开路电压。例如，将所述开路电压检测值和所述第一预设电压阈值的总和确定为所述第一光伏电池的开路电压。
本申请实施例提供的功率控制装置501确定光伏电池的开路电压的过程，仅作为举例说明，不作为确定第一光伏电池的开路电压方式的具体限定。应理解的是，功率控制装置501还可以采用其它方式获知第一光伏电池的开路电压，例如，直接接收直流/直流变换模块201或者所述第一光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路上报的第一光伏电池的开路电压。
由于光伏发电系统所连接的负载，也即光伏发电系统中的直流母线电容所连接的负载，所以直流母线电容连接的负载的线电压峰值也即光伏发电系统所连接的负载的线电压峰值，为了便于描述，这里将光伏发电系统所连接的负载的线电压峰值记为第四电压。可选地，功率控制装置501可以将光伏发电系统连接的电网的线电压的峰值作为所述第四电压。或者，功率控制装置501可以根据所述电网的线电压的峰值和第二预设电压阈值的总和作为负载的线电压峰值。功率控制装置501可以预先获取光伏发电系统连接的电网的线电压峰值，或者功率控制装置501可以存储有光伏发电系统连接的电网的线电压峰值。其中，获取光伏发电系统连接的电网的线电压的峰值可以采用本领域中任意一种检测方法或者获取方法，本申请实施例对此不作过多限定。
功率控制装置501基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池的开路电压和光伏发电系统所连接负载的线电压峰值，可以确定母线参考电压，以便于确定检测到的直流母线电容上的电压是否满足预设补偿条件。比如，若所述第四电压大于或等于所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压的最大值，功率控制装置501可以将第四电压作为母线参考电压。若所述第四电压小于所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压的最大值，功率控制装置501可以将所述最大值作为母线参考电压。
一种可能的情形中，在功率控制装置501检测直流母线电容的电压之前，所述多个光伏电池中存在至少一个光伏电池(多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池)处于非正常运行状态，或者光伏发电系统中存在至少一个光伏电池进行电池性能检测(例如IV曲线扫描，多峰扫描等)。功率控制装置501可以预先确定所述至少一个光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压。
一个示例中，所述多个光伏电池中存在一个光伏电池q1处于非正常运行状态，若所 述光伏电池q1的开路电压大于或等于所述第四电压，功率控制装置501可以将所述母线参考电压集合中的所述光伏电池q1的开路电压作为母线参考电压。若所述光伏电池q1的开路电压小于所述第四电压，功率控制装置501将所述母线参考电压集合中的所述第四电压作为母线参考电压。
另一个示例中，所述多个光伏电池中存在多个光伏电池处于非正常运行状态，例如光伏电池q2和光伏电池q3处于非正常运行状态。假设光伏电池q2和光伏电池q3中，光伏电池q2的开路电压是最大的。若所述光伏电池q2的开路电压大于或等于所述第四电压，功率控制装置501将所述母线参考电压集合中的所述光伏电池q2的开路电压作为母线参考电压。若所述光伏电池q2的开路电压小于所述第四电压，功率控制装置501可以将所述母线参考电压集合中的所述第四电压作为母线参考电压。
一种可能的实施方式中，功率控制装置501检测到的直流母线电容的第一电压后，确定检测到的直流母线电容的第一电压不满足预设补偿条件，功率控制装置501可以控制储能组件502从直流母线电容获取第一电能，即经由直流母线电容吸收直流/直流变换模块201输出的功率，或者控制储能组件502存储直流/直流变换模块201输出的一部分功率。示例性的，母线参考电压也可以作为功率控制装置501判断是否控制储能组件502从直流母线电容获取电能的电压阈值。功率控制装置501可以在检测到的直流母线电容上的电压大于母线参考电压时，控制储能组件502从直流母线电容获取电能。可以理解的是，母线参考电压可以作为功率控制装置501判断控制储能组件502向直流母线电容充电，或者控制储能组件502从直流母线电容获取电能的电压阈值。
例如，储能组件502可以将吸收的第一电能存储至所述储能组件502所包括的电源组件中，其中，所述第一电能可以是功率控制装置501基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。这样的设计，功率控制装置501可以利用储能组件502通过吸收直流/直流变换模块201所输出的过剩的电能，维持直流/直流变换模块201的输出侧的总输出功率，可以避免直流/直流变换模块201的输出侧的总输出功率发生波动。
一种可能的实施方式中，功率控制装置501还可以控制光伏发电系统中各光伏电池工作在正常运行状态，以实现光伏发电系统正常运行。本申请实施例中，一个光伏电池工作在正常运行状态，也可称为该光伏电池工作在预设工作点。
例如，功率控制装置501控制第一光伏电池由工作在正常运行状态切换为工作在所述第一指令相应的状态的情形下，功率控制装置501可以不改变多个光伏电池中除该第一光伏电池之外的光伏电池(便于区分，记为第二光伏电池)的状态，以使第二光伏电池中的各光伏电池保持工作在正常运行状态。
一个示例中，所述预设工作点可以为该光伏电池输出最大功率相应的工作点(记为第五电压)。可选地，功率控制装置501可以控制直流/直流变换模块201或者该光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路采用最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking，MPPT)技术，确定该光伏电池输出最大功率相应的工作点。可选地，直流/直流变换模块201可以实施为MPPT汇流箱。
第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或者多峰扫描过程中，功率控制装置501可以控制其它光伏电池的输出电压为第五电压，可使其它光伏电池均输出最大功率，可以增加光伏发电系统直流侧的总功率，以保障光伏发电系统可以继续为负载(如电网)继续提供功率。
一种可能的实施方式中，功率控制装置501可以与直流/交流逆变模块202连接。例如， 功率控制装置501可以在控制直流/直流变换模块201对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或多峰扫描之前，确定直流/交流逆变模块202的总输出功率，作为总输出功率参考值。在直流/直流变换模块201对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或多峰扫描过程中，功率控制装置501可以控制直流/交流逆变模块202工作在恒功率模式。
直流/交流逆变模块202工作在恒功率模式可以视为直流/交流逆变模块202输出的功率或者向所连接的负载输出的功率在预设功率范围内。预设功率范围内的各功率值与总输出功率参考值的差值不小于预设功率阈值。在第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描或多峰扫描过程中，直流/交流逆变模块202向负载输出的总输出功率为预设功率范围内的数值。
示例性的，功率控制装置501可以在第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描之前，获取直流/交流逆变模块202的总输出功率，并作为总输出功率参考值Pref。并控制直流/交流逆变模块202在第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的过程中输出的总功率P’与总输出功率参考值Pref的差值不超过预设功率阈值。功率控制装置501通过控制储能组件502补偿因第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描对直流侧总功率的影响，以稳定直流侧的总功率。然后控制直流/交流逆变模块202处于恒功率模式，可以降低交流侧总功率波动，使光伏发电系统稳定的向负载输出功率。
下面对储能组件502对直流母线电容充电或放电过程进行介绍。如图3所示，储能组件502可以包括直流/直流变换电路和电源组件等。直流/直流变换电路可以对储能组件502中的电源组件所提供的电压进行升压处理，并将处理后的电压输出至直流母线电容，以实现储能组件502对直流母线电容充电。直流/直流变换电路也可以对直流母线电容处的电压进行降压处理，以使储能组件502中的电源组件可以经由直流母线电容吸收直流/直流变换模块201输出的功率，可以实现直流/直流变换模块201对储能组件502充电。
功率控制装置501可以与储能组件502中的直流/直流变换电路耦合，如通信连接。功率控制装置501可以通过消息、指令或命令等，指示该直流/直流变换电路控制电源组件运行在充电状态，或者运行在放电状态，以实现储能组件502经由直流母线电容向直流母线电容连接的负载充电，或者经由直流母线电容吸收直流/直流变换模块201输出的功率。可选地，直流/直流变换电路可以为集成电路，如第二控制器等。
一种可能的实施方式中，如图3所示，功率控制装置501可以包括检测电路和控制电路，控制电路与检测电路连接。检测电路与直流母线电容耦合，可以检测直流母线电容的电压。控制电路可以与储能组件502连接，可以对储能组件502进行充电控制，和/或，放电控制。例如，功率控制装置501中的控制电路可以控制储能组件502对直流母线电容充电，即控制储能组件502向直流母线电容放电。功率控制装置501中的控制电路可以控制储能组件502吸收直流母线电容的电能，即储能组件502被充电。可选地，功率控制装置501还可以包括存储器，用于存储计算机程序指令，控制电路可以运行所述计算机程序指令以使本申请实施例提供的任意一种光伏发电系统功率控制方法中一个或多个步骤被执行。可选地，控制电路可以包括一个或多个控制器。多个控制器可以协同执行本申请实施例提供的功率控制方法。
请参阅图5，本申请实施例提供一种光伏发电系统功率控制方法。功率控制装置501可以执行或实施该方法中的一个或多个步骤。所述光伏发电系统功率控制方法可以包括如下步骤：
步骤S601，功率控制装置501的控制电路响应于第一指令，控制第一光伏电池由工作 在正常运行状态切换为工作在所述第一指令相应的状态，所述第一光伏电池为所述多个光伏电池中的任意一个光伏电池。
第一指令可以为IV曲线扫描指令或者多峰扫描指令。功率控制装置501的控制电路可以响应于IV曲线扫描指令，控制直流/直流变换模块201对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。也可以响应于多峰扫描指令，控制直流/直流变换模块201对第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描。第一光伏电池可以是多个光伏电池中的至少一个光伏电池。
步骤S602，功率控制装置501的检测电路检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压。
功率控制装置501的检测电路可以检测所述直流母线电容的电压，便于描述，将检测到的所述直流母线电容的电压记为第一电压。应理解的是，功率控制装置501的检测电路检测直流母线电容的电压，可视为检测直流母线的电压。
步骤S603，功率控制装置501的控制电路若所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件，控制储能组件502向所述直流母线电容充电。
功率控制装置501的控制电路可以与储能组件502中的直流/直流变换电路耦合，通过控制直流/直流变换电路对储能组件502中的电源组件所提供的电压进行升压处理，并将处理后的电压输出至直流母线电容，以实现储能组件502对直流母线电容充电。
下面以对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描使光伏电池的输出电压发生变化的场景作为举例，对包括前述功率控制装置501和储能组件502的光伏发电系统进行功率控制过程进行说明，请参阅图6。功率控制方法可以包括如下步骤：
步骤S701，功率控制装置501接收IV曲线扫描指令。
功率控制装置501可以接收第一设备发送的IV曲线扫描指令，第一设备可以是上位机等设备。功率控制装置501在接收到IV曲线扫描指令后，可以启动对光伏发电系统中的至少一个直流/直流升压电路(记为第一直流/直流升压电路)连接的光伏电池(记为第三光伏电池)进行IV曲线扫描的过程。
步骤S702，功率控制装置501确定母线参考电压。
功率控制装置501可以从母线参考电压集合中选择一个电压作为母线参考电压。母线参考电压集合可以包括所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的输入电压的最大值V1。如控制各第三光伏电池工作在开路状态。检测各第三光伏电池的开路电压，并将各第三光伏电池的开路电压中的最大值作为所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的输入电压的最大值。
母线参考电压集合还可以包括预先确定的参考电压V2。功率控制装置501可以根据光伏发电系统连接的负载的线电压峰值，确定所述预设参考电压。如计算对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描期间光伏发电系统连接的负载相应的参考电压。例如，功率控制装置501可以根据光伏发电系统连接的负载所需的总功率，确定总功率相应的参考电压。
若所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的输入电压的最大值V1不小于对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描期间光伏发电系统连接的负载相应的参考电压V2，功率控制装置501可以将所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的输入电压的最大值V1作为母线参考电压。
若所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的输入电压的最大值V1小于对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描期间光伏发电系统连接的负载相应的参考电压V2，功率控制装置501将对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描期间光伏发电系统连接的负载相应的参考电压V2确定为母线参考电压。
功率控制装置501在执行步骤702后，功率控制装置501可以响应于IV曲线扫描指令，控制直流/直流变换模块201中的第一直流/直流升压电路处于电压扫描控制模式(如 图6中的S708)，以使第一直流/直流升压电路对所述第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。
可选地，功率控制装置501可以向直流/直流变换模块201中第三光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路发送第一控制指令，该第一控制指令用于指示直流/直流升压电路处于电压扫描控制模式。直流/直流升压电路处于电压扫描控制模式时，可以按照预设方式，调整所连接的光伏电池的输出电压，检测光伏电池的输出电流等操作，以实现获取电压、电流数据，便于确定光伏电池的IV曲线。
所述第一直流/直流升压电路可以记录第三光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流，也可以将其存储到数据存储单元中。所述第一直流/直流升压电路中各直流/直流升压电路可以在对其连接的光伏电池完成IV曲线扫描后，将其连接的各光伏电池的在不同输出电压下的输出电流发送给向第一设备(如上位机等)，以便于所述第一设备可以根据所述第一直流/直流升压电路中各直流/直流升压电路上报的其连接的各光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流，确定所述第一直流/直流升压电路中各直流/直流升压电路的IV曲线。可选地，所述第一直流/直流升压电路可以将其连接的各光伏电池的在不同输出电压下的输出电流发送给功率控制装置501。
在第一直流/直流升压电路对第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的过程中，功率控制装置501可以同步执行步骤S703等步骤。可以理解的是，所述第一直流/直流升压电路的数量为多个的情形中，即光伏发电系统中的两个或更多光伏电池可以同步进行IV曲线扫描，可缩短对光伏发电系统中的各光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的时长。
步骤S703，功率控制装置501检测直流母线电容的第一电压。
功率控制装置501可以对直流母线电容进行检测，将检测的电压记为第一电压。例如，功率控制装置501可以对直流母线电容的电压进行实时检测。
步骤S704，功率控制装置501判断第一电压是否小于母线参考电压，若是，下一步执行步骤S705，若否，下一步执行步骤S706。
步骤S705，功率控制装置501控制储能组件对直流母线电容充电。
功率控制装置501若确定第一电压小于如步骤S702中确定的母线参考电压，则控制储能组件502对直流母线电容充电。例如，控制储能组件502为直流母线电容提供第二电压，第二电压可以是基于第一电压和母线参考电压确定的。
这样的设计中，利用储能组件502对光伏发电系统直流侧所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路的功率波动进行补偿，降低对所述至少一个直流/直流升压电路连接的光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描时对负载造成冲击，可使光伏发电系统交流侧的输出功率稳定在未启动对任意一个光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描前的交流侧的输出功率。从而使负载侧感知不到光伏发电系统直流侧的功率波动。
步骤S706，功率控制装置501控制储能组件从直流母线电容上获取的第一电能。
功率控制装置501若确定第一电压不小于如步骤S702中确定的母线参考电压，则控制储能组件502吸收直流母线电容上的第一电能。也可控制直流母线电容对储能组件502充电的电能为第一电能。其中，第一电能可以根据第一电压和母线参考电压确定。
一种可能的设计中，在步骤S701后，功率控制装置501还可以执行步骤S707的过程，如控制直流/交流逆变模块处于恒功率模式。直流/交流逆变模块202处于恒功率模式下，输出功率较为稳定，提供给光伏发电系统连接的负载的总功率波动较小。
一个示例中，功率控制装置501可以在步骤S701之后，也可以并行指令步骤S702和 执行步骤S707，也即在接收IV曲线扫描指令之后，功率控制装置501可以控制直流/交流逆变模块202处于恒功率模式。功率控制装置501也可以在执行步骤S708之前执行步骤S707。
示例性的，功率控制装置501可以在控制第一直流/直流升压电路对第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描之前，获取直流/交流逆变模块202的总输出功率，并作为总输出功率参考值Pref。并控制直流/交流逆变模块202在第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的过程中输出的总功率P’与总输出功率参考值Pref的差值不超过预设功率阈值。
功率控制装置501通过控制储能组件502补偿因第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描对直流侧总功率的影响，以稳定直流侧的总功率。然后控制直流/交流逆变模块202处于恒功率模式，可以降低交流侧总功率波动，使光伏发电系统稳定的向负载输出功率。
又一种可能的设计中，功率控制装置501在步骤S702后，功率控制装置501可以控制多个光伏电池除第三光伏电池之外的光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路工作在最大功率点跟踪MPPT状态，或者称工作在MPPT追踪模式。
在第一直流/直流变换电路对第三光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的过程中，功率控制装置501也可以向第四光伏电池(多个光伏电池中除了第三光伏电池之外的光伏电池)连接的直流/直流升压电路发送第二控制指令，该第二控制指令用于指示直流/直流升压电路基于MPPT算法或技术调整光伏电池的输出电压，以使光伏电池工作在最大输出功率的状态。除所述第一直流/直流升压电路之外的其它直流/直流升压电路工作在MPPT追踪(或跟踪)模式，以保障光伏发电系统为负载(如电网)继续提供功率。可选地，功率控制装置501也可以向第四光伏电池连接的直流/直流升压电路发送第三控制指令，该第三控制指令用于指示直流/直流升压电路调整光伏电池的输出电压，以使光伏电池工作在预设工作点，也可以保障光伏发电系统可以继续为负载(如电网)继续提供功率。
本申请实施例中，功率控制装置501可以利用储能组件502补偿扫描支路的功率波动，以及控制非扫描支路上的光伏电池工作在MPPT跟踪状态，保障光伏发电系统在IV曲线扫描期间，直流侧具有最大功率输出，可使光伏发电系统为负载提供的输出功率恒定(一定范围内的小波动)，最大限度地减少对负载(如电网)的冲击。
如图7所示，本申请实施例还提供一种储能系统800，可以管理(或控制)光伏发电系统的输出功率。光伏发电系统可以包括依次耦合的多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块201和直流母线。储能系统800可以包括控制装置801和储能组件802。
控制装置801可以为控制器、处理器、或者芯片。控制装置801与储能组件802耦合。控制装置801可以与直流母线电容耦合。控制装置801可以具有本申请前述实施例中功率控制装置501中的部分或全部功能。储能组件802可以为本申请前述实施例中的储能组件502。储能组件802可以用于存储电能或者提供电能。
例如，控制装置801可以检测直流母线电容的第一电压，若所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件，控制所述储能组件801向所述直流母线电容充电，实现稳定直流/直流变换模块201的输出侧的总功率稳定。可选地，直流母线电容与直流负载耦合。控制装置801可以通过控制储能组件801向直流母线电容充电的操作，稳定直流/直流变换模块201为负载提供的功率。
一种可能的设计中，光伏发电系统可以包括直流/交流逆变模块202，直流/交流逆变模块202与直流母线电容耦合。直流/交流逆变模块202可以将直流母线提供的直流电转化为 交流电，提供给所连接的负载。
控制装置801可以与直流/直流变换模块201耦合，控制装置801可以与直流/直流变换模块201交互。例如，控制装置801可以与直流/直流变换模块201所包括的控制器通信，控制装置801可以接收直流/直流变换模块201提供的光伏电池的信息，例如光伏电池的开路电压，或者多个光伏电池的开路电压的最大值。
控制装置801可以与直流/交流逆变模块202耦合，控制装置801可以与直流/交流逆变模块202交互。例如，控制装置801可以与直流/交流逆变模块202所包括的控制器通信。控制装置801可以接收直流/交流逆变模块202提供负载的信息，例如，负载为电网的情形下，直流/交流逆变模块202可以向控制装置801提供电网线电压的峰值。
可选地，控制装置801可以预先获取所述电网的线电压的峰值。例如，控制装置801可以通过通信方式实时获取所述电网的线电压的峰值。
本申请实施例中，直流/直流变换模块201还可以对光伏电池的性能进行检测。例如，直流/直流变换模块201还可以响应于上位机发送的对一个或多个光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的指令，对所述指令相应的光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。在直流/直流变换模块201对一个或多个光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描的过程中，储能系统800可以稳定直流/直流变换模块201输出侧的功率，以避免直流/交流逆变模块202交流侧的输出功率发生较大波动。
一种可能的设计中，直流/交流逆变模块202可以工作在恒功率模式，可以保持交流侧的输出功率稳定。可选的，直流/直流变换模块201可以与直流/交流逆变模块202交互。例如直流/直流变换模块201所包括的控制器可以与直流/交流逆变模块202所包括的控制器交互。直流/直流变换模块201在接收到对光伏电池的性能进行检测的指令后，可通知直流/交流逆变模块202。直流/交流逆变模块202可以在接收到该指令后切换为工作在恒功率模式。
如图8所示，本申请提供的光伏发电系统可以包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块201和逆变系统1000。逆变系统1000可以包括直流/交流逆变模块202、直流母线电容，前述实施例提供的功率控制装置501和储能组件502。多个光伏电池与直流/直流变换模块201的输入侧耦合，直流/直流变换模块201的输出侧与直流母线电容耦合，直流/交流逆变模块202的输入侧与直流母线电容耦合，直流/交流逆变模块202的输出侧可以与负载耦合。储能组件502可以与直流母线电容耦合，用于通过直流母线电容放电，或者充电。功率控制装置501可以与直流母线电容耦合，检测直流母线电容的电压。功率控制装置501可以储能组件502耦合，功率控制装置501可以控制储能组件502通过直流母线电容提供功率，功率控制装置501也可以控制储能组件502从直流母线电容处吸收功率。可选地，逆变系统1000可以包括所述储能组件502。
本申请实施例还提供一种光伏发电系统，如图9所示，可以包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块201、直流母线、控制设备1101、储能系统1102、直流/交流逆变系统1103。每个光伏电池与直流/直流变换模块201的输入侧耦合，直流/直流变换模块201的输出侧与直流母线耦合。储能系统1102与直流母线耦合。直流/交流逆变系统1103与直流母线耦合。
直流/直流变换模块201可以实施或执行任意一种MPPT跟踪技术，对连接的光伏电池的输出电压进行调整。直流/直流变换模块201也可以采集光伏电池的输出电压和输出电流，并发送给控制设备1101，以实现对光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描。可选地，直流/直流变换模 块201可以实施为MPPT汇流箱。
控制设备1101可以为具有上述实施例中功率控制装置501的功能。控制设备1101可以执行本申请实施例提供的光伏发电系统功率控制方法中的一个或多个步骤。控制设备1101可以包括前述实施例中功率控制装置501。控制设备1101可以与直流/直流变换模块201进行交互。控制设备1101也可以与储能系统1102进行交互。控制设备1101也可以直流/交流逆变系统1103进行交互。
一种可能的设计中，控制设备1101也中可以包括一个或多个处理器。所述处理器可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器等。例如可以是基带处理器、或中央处理器。基带处理器可以用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，中央处理器可以用于对通信装置(如，基站、终端、或芯片等)进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。
控制设备1101也可以包括一个或多个存储器。可选的，所述存储器中还可以存储有数据。可选的，处理器中也可以存储指令和/或数据。例如，控制光伏发电系统的指令。所述处理器和存储器可以单独设置，也可以集成在一起。
控制设备1101可以包括通信单元，用于与外部设备通信，如直流/直流变换模块201、储能系统1102、直流/交流逆变系统1103等。
储能系统1102可以具有上述实施例中的储能组件502的功能。储能系统1102可以为直流母线提供功率，也可以吸收直流母线上的功率。控制设备1101可以控制储能系统1102实施本申请实施例提供的光伏发电系统功率控制方法中的一个或多个步骤。可选地，储能系统1102可以包括处理器和电池。该处理器可以与外部设备通信，如控制设备1101。处理器可以控制电池对直流母线充电，也可以控制电池吸收直流母线上的功率。
直流/交流逆变系统1103可以将直流电转换为交流电，通过交流输出端子提供给负载，如电网。直流/交流逆变系统1103可以包括至少一个直流/交流逆变电路。直流/交流逆变系统1103可以包括逆变器等组件。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种光伏发电系统，其特征在于，包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块、直流母线电容、储能组件和功率控制装置；
    所述直流/直流变换模块的输入侧与所述多个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于调整各光伏电池的运行状态，并将所述光伏电池提供的电能输出到所述直流母线电容；
    所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于储存电能或提供电能；
    所述功率控制装置分别与所述直流母线电容和所述储能组件耦合，用于检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压，在所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电；
    所述直流母线电容用于耦合负载。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：
    控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的；
    所述母线参考电压是基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池的开路电压和所述负载的线电压峰值确定的。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置还用于：
    若所述第一电压不满足所述预设补偿条件，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值大于或等于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则所述母线参考电压为所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值；或者
    若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值小于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则所述母线参考电压为所述负载的线电压峰值。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：直流/交流逆变模块；所述直流/交流逆变模块的输入侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流/交流逆变模块的输出侧用于与所述负载耦合；
    所述直流/交流逆变模块，用于将所述直流/直流变换模块输出到所述直流母线电容上的电能变换为交流电后提供给所述负载。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置，具体用于控制所述直流/交流逆变模块为所述负载输出第一功率的交流电；
    所述第一功率是基于第一电流和第三电压确定的；
    所述第一电流和所述第三电压为：所述功率控制装置控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描、或者控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述部分光伏电池进行多峰扫描之前，所述直流/交流逆变模块输出的电流和电压。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置还与所述直流/直流变换模块耦合，所述功率控制装置在检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压之前，还用于：
    响应于第一指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描；所述第一光伏电池为所述多个光伏电池中的任意一个或多个；或者
    响应于第二指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描。
  8. 一种光伏发电系统，其特征在于，包括多个光伏电池、多个直流/直流变换电路、直流母线电容、储能组件、直流/交流逆变模块和功率控制装置；
    每个所述直流/直流变换电路的输入侧与一个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于调整连接的光伏电池的运行状态，并将所述连接的光伏电池提供的电能输出到所述直流母线电容；
    所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，用于储存电能或提供电能；
    所述直流/交流逆变模块的输入侧与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流/交流逆变模块的输出侧与负载耦合，用于将所述直流母线电容上的电能变换为交流电后提供给所述负载；
    所述功率控制装置分别与所述多个直流/直流变换电路、所述直流母线电容、所述储能组件和所述直流/交流逆变模块耦合，用于：
    接收到IV曲线扫描指令后，确定所述直流/交流逆变模块向所述负载提供的第一功率，所述指令用于指示对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，所述第一光伏电池为所述多个光伏电池中的至少一个光伏电池；
    控制所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池连接的第一直流/直流变换电路调整所述各光伏电池运行在开路状态，并确定所述各光伏电池的开路电压；
    基于所述各光伏电池的开路电压以及所述负载的线电压峰值，确定母线参考电压，所述母线参考电压为用于判断所述储能组件对所述直流母线电容充电或者从所述直流母线电容获取电能的电压阈值。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置还用于：
    响应于所述IV曲线扫描指令，控制所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描；
    并在所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压；
    在所述第一电压小于所述母线参考电压时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电；或者，在所述第一电压大于所述母线参考电压时，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的；
    以及在所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描过程中，控制所述直流/交流逆变模块工作在恒功率输出状态，所述恒功率输出状态为将所述直流母线电容上的直流电转化为第二功率的交流电并提供给所述负载，所述第二功率与所述第一功率的差值小于预设功率阈值。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：
    控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述功率控制装置还用于：
    控制所述多个直流/直流变换电路除所述第一直流/直流变换电路之外的直流/直流变换 电路工作在最大功率点跟踪MPPT状态。
  12. 如权利要求8-11中任一所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述母线参考电压为所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的开路电压以及所述负载的线电压峰值中的最大值。
  13. 如权利要求9-12中任一所述的光伏发电系统，其特征在于，所述第一直流/直流变换电路对所述第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描时，具体用于：
    调整所述第一光伏电池中各光伏电池的输出电压，并记录所述各光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流；
    将所述记录的各光伏电池在不同输出电压下的输出电流发送给第一设备，所述第一设备为发送所述IV曲线扫描指令的设备。
  14. 一种功率控制装置，其特征在于，应用于光伏发电系统，所述光伏发电系统包括多个光伏电池、直流/直流变换模块、直流母线电容和储能组件；所述直流/直流变换模块的输入侧与所述多个光伏电池耦合，输出侧与直流母线电容耦合，所述储能组件与所述直流母线电容耦合，所述直流母线电容用于耦合负载；
    所述功率控制装置包括检测电路和控制电路，其中：
    所述检测电路，用于检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压；
    所述控制电路与所述检测电路耦合，用于在确定所述第一电压满足预设补偿条件时，控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制电路控制所述储能组件向所述直流母线电容充电时，具体用于：
    控制所述储能组件为所述直流母线电容提供第二电压，所述第二电压是基于所述第一电压和母线参考电压确定的；
    所述母线参考电压是基于所述多个光伏电池中的部分光伏电池的开路电压和所述负载的线电压峰值确定的。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制电路还用于：
    若确定所述第一电压不满足所述预设补偿条件，控制所述储能组件从所述直流母线电容处获取第一电能并存储，所述第一电能是基于所述第一电压和所述母线参考电压确定的。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的装置，其特征在于，若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值大于或等于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则确定所述母线参考电压为所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值；或者
    若所述部分光伏电池中各光伏电池分别对应的开路电压中的最大值小于所述负载的线电压峰值时，则确定所述母线参考电压为所述负载的线电压峰值。
  18. 如权利要求14-17中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制电路还用于：
    在所述检测电路检测所述直流母线电容的第一电压之前，响应于第一指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对第一光伏电池进行IV曲线扫描，所述第一光伏电池为所述多个光伏电池中的任意一个，或者响应于第二指令，控制所述直流/直流变换模块对所述第一光伏电池进行多峰扫描。
  19. 一种储能系统，其特征在于，包括储能组件和权利要求14至18任一项所述的功率控制装置。
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