WO2022202600A1 - プリプレグ積層体および複合構造体および複合構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
プリプレグ積層体および複合構造体および複合構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202600A1 WO2022202600A1 PCT/JP2022/012231 JP2022012231W WO2022202600A1 WO 2022202600 A1 WO2022202600 A1 WO 2022202600A1 JP 2022012231 W JP2022012231 W JP 2022012231W WO 2022202600 A1 WO2022202600 A1 WO 2022202600A1
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- prepreg
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a prepreg laminate comprising a prepreg (A) in which discontinuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin, and a prepreg (B) in which discontinuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a thermoplastic resin. and composite structures obtained from said laminate.
- Fiber reinforced plastics which consist of reinforced fibers and matrix resins, are lightweight and highly rigid, so they are widely used in electrical and electronic applications, civil engineering and construction applications, automobile applications, sports applications, and aircraft applications. In recent years, there has been an increasing market demand for complex-shaped fiber-reinforced plastics, particularly in automobiles, aircraft, sporting goods, and the like.
- a so-called cut prepreg in which a prepreg in which continuous reinforcing fibers arranged in one direction are impregnated with a resin is provided with cuts for dividing the reinforcing fibers.
- Patent Document 1 a fiber-reinforced plastic composed of discontinuous reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin and containing voids has been developed.
- Patent Document 2 attempts to achieve both lightness and rigidity by forming a sandwich structure in which a fiber-reinforced plastic having voids is used as a core material and a fiber-reinforced plastic using continuous reinforcing fibers is used as a skin material. It is
- the discontinuous reinforcing fibers of the core layer interfere with each other during deformation during molding into a complicated shape, so that the core material tends to be inferior in shape followability to the skin material.
- shapes that can be formed such as the difficulty of forming shapes that have thickness variations.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a prepreg laminate that is a fiber-reinforced plastic material that has high rigidity and light weight and is excellent in moldability into complicated shapes. It is in.
- One aspect of the present invention for solving the above problems is a prepreg (A) in which discontinuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin, and a prepreg in which discontinuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a thermoplastic resin.
- (B) are laminated adjacent to each other, and the prepreg (A) is arranged on at least one surface, wherein at least part of the adjacent prepreg (A) and prepreg (B) is a prepreg laminate that forms a region (overlapping region) that satisfies at least one of the following (1) and (2).
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) is larger than the coefficient of variation of the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A).
- the prepreg (B) has a plurality of cuts that cut the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B), and the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B). is larger than the average two-dimensional orientation angle of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A).
- a composite structure having a layer structure formed by molding the prepreg laminate of the present invention is also understood as one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the arrangement of cuts in the prepreg (A) or prepreg (B) of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the orientation state of reinforcing fibers of the prepreg (B) of the present invention.
- It is a mimetic diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention. It is a mimetic diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Prepreg (B)> The prepreg (B) in the present invention is obtained by impregnating discontinuous reinforcing fibers with a thermoplastic resin.
- Reinforcing fibers used as discontinuous reinforcing fibers (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "reinforcing fibers") contained in the prepreg (B) are not particularly limited, and examples include carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, alumina fibers, Silicon carbide fibers, boron fibers, metal fibers, natural fibers, mineral fibers and the like can be used, and two or more of these can be used in combination.
- carbon fibers such as PAN-based, pitch-based, and rayon-based carbon fibers are preferably used because of their high specific strength and high specific rigidity and excellent weight reduction effect.
- glass fiber can be preferably used.
- the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) are discontinuous reinforcing fibers. With such a form, it is easy to manufacture a composite structure having excellent shape followability and a complicated shape.
- discontinuous reinforcing fibers mean reinforcing fibers having an average fiber length of 100 mm or less.
- a method for measuring the average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers for example, a method of directly extracting reinforcing fibers from discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) and measuring by microscopic observation, or a method of measuring the thermoplastic resin in the prepreg (B) There is a method (dissolution method) in which the remaining reinforcing fibers are filtered out and measured by microscopic observation.
- the fiber length variation coefficient (standard deviation/average value ⁇ 100) of the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) of the present invention is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more.
- the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) are preferably in the form of a web, that is, a discontinuous reinforcing fiber web.
- the reinforcing fibers contained in such a discontinuous reinforcing fiber web are usually oriented in three or more directions within the plane.
- a discontinuous reinforcing fiber web it becomes easier to randomly disperse the reinforcing fibers in the prepreg (B), and as a result, a prepreg having isotropic mechanical properties and moldability can be obtained.
- a nonwoven fabric obtained by a dry method or a wet method is preferred.
- the reinforcing fibers may be held together with another component such as a binder resin.
- the binder resin is preferably selected from either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin from the viewpoints of adhesiveness between the resin and the reinforcing fibers and securing the handling properties by sealing only the reinforcing fibers.
- a resin that is the same as or compatible with the thermoplastic resin to be impregnated, which will be described later, is selected.
- Aqueous solutions, dispersions and emulsions of plastic resins are preferably selected.
- thermoplastic resin impregnated into the discontinuous reinforcing fibers used in the prepreg (B) is not particularly limited, but examples include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT ), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyester such as liquid crystal polyester, polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), etc.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- polyester such as liquid crystal polyester
- polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide (PA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), etc.
- polyarylene sulfide polyketone (PK), polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyethernitrile (PEN), fluorine-based resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, Crystalline resins such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP), styrenic resins, polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyphenylene ether (PPE), polyimide (PI), polyamide Amorphous resins such as imide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone, polyarylate (PAR), phenolic resins, phenoxy resins, polystyrene and polyolefin , polyurethane-based, polyester-based, polyamide-based, polybutadiene-based, polyisoprene-based, fluorine-based resins, acrylonitrile-based thermo
- polyolefin is used from the viewpoint of lightness of the molded product obtained, polyamide from the viewpoint of strength, amorphous resin such as polycarbonate and styrene resin from the viewpoint of surface quality, and heat resistance from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- Polyarylene sulfide is preferably used, polyetheretherketone is preferably used from the viewpoint of continuous use temperature, and fluorine resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of chemical resistance.
- thermoplastic resin a blended resin containing a plurality of types of the above thermoplastic resins may be used, and the main component of the thermoplastic resin matrix (a component exceeding 50% by weight when the entire matrix is 100% by weight) is As long as it is a thermoplastic resin, a blended resin in which a thermosetting resin is mixed may be used. That is, the term "thermoplastic resin” as used herein means a resin composition containing more than 50% by weight of a thermoplastic resin and exhibiting the behavior of a thermoplastic resin as a whole.
- the prepreg (B) of the present invention preferably contains a discontinuous reinforcing fiber web and has a plurality of cuts for cutting at least a portion of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers constituting the discontinuous reinforcing fiber web.
- the incision opens without stretching.
- the reinforcing fibers are divided by the cuts, the transmission of the interference between the reinforcing fibers is interrupted, making it easier to follow complicated shapes.
- the prepreg (B) 3 has cuts 1 that cut at least part of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers.
- the cut may be provided over the entire surface of the prepreg (B), or may be provided only partially. Moreover, it may be provided on both sides, or may be provided on only one side.
- the region where the cut is provided on the surface of the prepreg (B) shall be referred to as the "cut region".
- the boundary of the incision region 2 is demarcated by a group of line segments connecting the ends of the incisions existing on the outermost side of the region. Such line groups are drawn such that all cuts are contained within the line groups and the sum of the lengths of the line groups is minimized. That is, the prepreg (B) of the present invention may have a cut region on the entire surface or a cut region on a part of the surface.
- the shape of the incision is not particularly limited, and may be a linear shape, a shape having a broken line portion, or a shape having a curved portion in part or all.
- the cut is preferably linear.
- the length of the cut is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, in order to facilitate the opening of the cut during molding.
- the length of the cut is preferably 50 mm or less, and preferably 10 mm or less. is more preferred. Note that the length of the incision refers to the length along the incision from one end of the target incision to the other end.
- the cuts are preferably formed in a certain pattern in plan view. With such a form, it is possible to exhibit uniform shape followability and to suppress large-scale breakage caused by connecting cuts during molding. It should be noted that the fact that the cuts are formed in a certain pattern in a plan view will be explained with reference to FIG. It refers to the case where the incision unit 4 consisting of is laid out.
- the sum of the cut lengths converted per 1 m 2 in the cut region is preferably 40 m or more. With such a configuration, the shape followability of the prepreg (B) is greatly improved. More preferably, the sum of the cut lengths converted per 1 m 2 is 100 m or more, and more preferably 200 m or more. Although the upper limit of the sum of the cut lengths is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1000 m or less in order to prevent the prepreg (B) from being largely broken during molding. When converting the sum of the cut lengths, the sum of the cut lengths exposed on the front and back surfaces of the prepreg (B) having an area of at least 0.01 m 2 in the cut region 2 is calculated.
- the sum of the cut lengths differs between the front and back surfaces, the larger value is adopted as the sum of the cut lengths.
- the sum of the cut lengths on the front surface is 0.5 m and the sum of the cut lengths on the back surface is 1 m.
- the sum of the cut lengths converted per 1m2 is 100m.
- the discontinuous reinforcing fibers are preferably monofilament-like. Since the reinforcing fibers are monofilament-like, the prepreg (B) has a more uniform shape-following property, and when molded, exhibits uniform mechanical properties and the end portions of the reinforcing fibers. Stress concentration is suppressed and high mechanical properties can be expressed.
- that the reinforcing fibers are monofilament-like means that the reinforcing fiber monofilaments are not bundled in the prepreg (B) and are dispersed independently.
- the two-dimensional orientation angle described later when the two-dimensional orientation angle described later is measured for the reinforcing fiber single yarn arbitrarily selected from the prepreg (B) and the reinforcing fiber single yarn crossing the reinforcing fiber single yarn, the two-dimensional orientation If the proportion of reinforcing fiber single yarns with an angle of 1° or more is 80% or more, it is determined that the discontinuous reinforcing fibers are in the form of single filaments.
- 20 crossing reinforcing fiber single yarns are randomly selected and the two-dimensional orientation angle is measured. This measurement is repeated 5 times for different reinforcing fiber single yarns, and the ratio of single fibers having a two-dimensional orientation angle of 1° or more is calculated.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the dispersed state of the reinforcing fibers when only the reinforcing fibers are extracted from the prepreg (B) of the present invention and observed from the thickness direction. Focusing on the reinforcing fiber single yarn 5a, the reinforcing fiber single yarn 5a intersects with the reinforcing fiber single yarns 5b1 to 5b5.
- the crossing means a state in which the reinforcing fiber single yarn of interest is observed to cross other reinforcing fiber single yarns in the observed two-dimensional plane, and the reinforcing fiber single yarn is observed in the actual prepreg (B).
- the two-dimensional orientation angle is defined as a two-dimensional orientation angle 6 of 0° or more and 90° or less among the two angles formed by two intersecting reinforcing fiber single yarns.
- a method of observing the orientation of the reinforcing fibers from the surface of the prepreg (B) can be exemplified. In this case, by polishing the surface of the prepreg (B) to expose the fibers, it becomes easier to observe the reinforcing fibers. Further, a method of observing the orientation of the reinforcing fibers by using transmitted light to the prepreg (B) can also be exemplified. In this case, thinly slicing the prepreg (B) makes it easier to observe the reinforcing fibers.
- a method of observing the prepreg (B) through X-ray CT and photographing an orientation image of reinforcing fibers can be exemplified.
- the reinforcing fiber can be observed more easily by mixing the reinforcing fiber with a tracer fiber or applying a tracer agent to the reinforcing fiber.
- the discontinuous reinforcing fibers are randomly oriented in the plane.
- Such a form exhibits isotropic conformability and mechanical properties.
- the term "the reinforcing fibers are randomly oriented in the plane” means that the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the reinforcing fibers is in the range of 30° or more and 60° or less.
- the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles is more preferably in the range of 40° or more and 50° or less, and the closer it is to the ideal angle of 45°, the better.
- the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angle of the present invention is the randomly selected reinforcing fiber single yarn (reinforcing fiber single yarn 5a in FIG.
- the number of reinforcing fiber single yarns crossing the reinforcing fiber single yarn 5a is less than 20
- the number of reinforcing fiber single yarns whose two-dimensional orientation angle is measured may be less than 20, and the crossing can be confirmed.
- the two-dimensional orientation angle shall be measured only for the reinforcing fiber single yarn. This measurement is repeated 5 times or more for different reinforcing fiber single yarns, and the average value of the total 100 two-dimensional orientation angles is taken as the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles. If there is no intersecting reinforcing fiber single yarn with respect to the reinforcing fiber single yarn 5a and the two-dimensional orientation angle is set to 0°, this two-dimensional orientation angle is counted as one piece.
- the prepreg (A) is obtained by impregnating discontinuous reinforcing fibers with a thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin.
- the same reinforcing fibers as the prepreg (B) described above can be used as the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A).
- thermosetting resin When the resin used for the prepreg (A) is a thermosetting resin, the thermosetting resin with which the discontinuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated is not particularly limited, but examples include epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins. , phenol resins, epoxy acrylate resins, urethane acrylate resins, phenoxy resins, alkyd resins, urethane resins, maleimide resins, cyanate resins, etc., and epoxy resins are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of mechanical properties.
- a blend resin containing a plurality of types of the above thermosetting resins may be used.
- component) is a thermosetting resin, a blended resin in which a thermoplastic resin is mixed may be used. That is, the term "thermosetting resin” as used herein means a resin composition containing more than 50% by weight of a thermosetting resin and exhibiting the behavior of a thermosetting resin as a whole.
- the resin used for the prepreg (A) is a thermoplastic resin
- the same thermoplastic resin as the prepreg (B) described above can be used.
- the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) are discontinuous reinforcing fibers. Such a form facilitates production of a fiber-reinforced plastic having excellent shape followability and a complicated shape.
- a method for measuring the average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers the same method as the method for measuring the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) can be used.
- the coefficient of variation in fiber length (standard deviation/average value ⁇ 100) (%) of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) of the present invention is preferably less than 20%, and more preferably less than 10%. more preferred. With such a form, the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) can be controlled, and stable mechanical properties can be exhibited.
- the prepreg (A) preferably contains fiber bundles made of discontinuous reinforcing fibers. Such a form is preferable because it provides an excellent balance between mechanical properties and shape followability.
- fiber bundle refers to an aggregate of discontinuous reinforcing fibers having an average two-dimensional orientation angle of 0° or more and less than 30°.
- the prepreg (A) more preferably contains fiber bundles made of discontinuous reinforcing fibers arranged in one direction.
- the volume content of the reinforcing fibers can be increased, and a prepreg having high mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the reinforcing fibers are discontinuous while being arranged in one direction, it is possible to obtain shape followability to a complicated shape.
- Whether or not the fiber bundles are arranged in one direction can be determined as follows. First, after setting a virtual reference line on the prepreg, the fiber orientation angle defined by the angle between the average fiber orientation direction of the individual discontinuous reinforcing fibers that make up the fiber bundle and the reference line is calculated. , is determined for 100 discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the target fiber bundle, and the average value is taken as the orientation angle of the fiber bundle.
- the difference between the orientation angle of one fiber bundle and the orientation angle of another fiber bundle is less than 10°, it is determined that the two fiber bundles are arranged in the same direction.
- the portion of the prepreg (A) containing the discontinuous reinforcing fibers has a plurality of cuts, and the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) are arranged in one direction and the continuous reinforcing fibers are arranged in the cut. It is preferable to form a fiber bundle of discontinuous reinforcing fibers arranged in one direction by cutting the fiber bundle. Since the length and arrangement of the cuts in this form are the same as those of the prepreg (B) described above, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) may be those in which the fiber bundles are arranged in five or more directions in the plane.
- the fiber bundles are judged to be a set arranged in different directions, and for any fiber bundle, If there are five or more groups of fiber bundles arranged in different directions, and the difference in the arrangement direction of each group is 10° or more, it is determined that the fiber bundles are arranged in five or more directions in the plane.
- the number of arranging directions of the prepreg (A) in this form is measured by observing the fiber bundles on the surface of the prepreg (A) with a microscope.
- the prepreg (A) By arranging the fiber bundles of the prepreg (A) in 5 or more directions, the prepreg (A) becomes easier to flow isotropically, and the conformability to a complicated shape is improved. More preferably, when the fiber bundles of the prepreg (A) are arranged in eight or more directions, the prepreg (A) is more likely to flow isotropically. More preferably, the fiber bundles are uniformly arranged at random. Examples of such substrate forms include SMC (sheet molding compounds).
- the prepreg laminate of the present invention is formed by laminating prepreg (B) and prepreg (A) adjacent to each other, with the prepreg (A) disposed on at least one surface.
- the number of prepregs (B) and prepregs (A) to be laminated is not particularly limited as long as one or more sets of prepregs (B) and prepregs (A) are arranged adjacent to each other. From the viewpoint of mechanical properties, it is more preferable that the prepreg (A) is arranged on both surfaces of the prepreg laminate.
- the prepreg (B) and the prepreg (A) have a laminated structure in which they are laminated so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center of the lamination direction of the prepreg laminate.
- An example of such a laminated structure includes a laminated structure of [prepreg (A)/prepreg (A)/prepreg (B)/prepreg (B)/prepreg (A)/prepreg (A)].
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) is the prepreg ( A) forms a region having a coefficient of variation greater than the fiber length variation coefficient of the reinforcing fibers included in A). Since the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) in this region have less variation in fiber length than the prepreg (B), the mechanical properties are stabilized and a high reinforcing effect can be obtained.
- the large variation in the fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) means that discontinuous reinforcing fibers with long fiber lengths contribute to high mechanical properties and expansibility, and discontinuous reinforcing fibers with short fibers contribute to Since it flows under pressure during molding, it also contributes to high shape followability.
- the prepreg (B) cuts discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B).
- the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) is larger than the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A). form a large area.
- the prepreg (B) has a plurality of cuts that cut the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B), so that the cuts are opened during molding, improving the shape followability and reducing the thickness.
- the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B) in the region is larger than the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A), Since the prepreg (B) has isotropic flow characteristics, it has high shape followability even if the shape to be molded is complicated. It expresses mechanical properties.
- the prepreg (A) contains the fiber bundle
- the two-dimensional orientation angle of the prepreg (A) is measured by selecting from a group of reinforcing fiber single yarns forming the same fiber bundle.
- the region indicated as the first aspect or the second aspect is hereinafter referred to as an "overlapping region.”
- the portions of prepreg (A) and prepreg (B) that form overlapping regions with adjacent prepreg (B) and prepreg (A) respectively are referred to as “overlap of prepreg (A). region” and “overlapping region of prepreg (B)”.
- the coefficient of variation of the fiber length and the two-dimensional orientation angle of the reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) and the prepreg (B) satisfy the above relationship, thereby improving the mechanical properties, shape followability, and light weight. It is possible to mold a composite structure having excellent properties.
- the first aspect and the second aspect are not mutually exclusive, and the present invention includes an aspect that satisfies both the first aspect and the second aspect.
- the entire surfaces of the adjacent prepreg (A) and prepreg (B) may be overlapping regions. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention that all adjacent prepregs (A) and prepregs (B) have such overlapping regions.
- the average fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) is longer than the average fiber length of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B). long form.
- the relatively long fiber length of the prepreg (A) provides higher mechanical properties after molding, and the relatively shorter fiber length of the prepreg (B) provides higher conformability. can be done. Such an effect is particularly pronounced in a prepreg laminate in which the prepreg (B) is laminated so as to be sandwiched between two prepregs (A).
- the prepreg (A) has a plurality of cuts, and the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (A) are arranged in one direction by the cuts so that the continuous reinforcing fibers are
- the prepreg (B) has a plurality of cuts for cutting at least part of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers in the form of a web, and the prepreg There is a form in which an overlap region is formed by overlapping the cut region in which the cut is formed in (A) and the cut region in which the cut is formed in the prepreg (B).
- the overlap region here is formed by overlapping the cut regions when the cut regions included in the prepreg (B) and the prepreg (A) that are laminated adjacent to each other are overlapped in the lamination direction. area.
- the cuts in the prepreg (A) and the prepreg (B) are formed in the above-described predetermined pattern in plan view in the above cut region, and in the overlap region, the prepreg When the cut pattern of (A) and the cut pattern of the prepreg (B) are projected in the thickness direction, at least a part of both cuts intersect.
- the portion of the prepreg (A) that is particularly excellent in shape followability and the region where the discontinuous reinforcing fibers having a short fiber length contained in the prepreg (B) are present are close to each other, so that the thickness change portion Short fibers can easily flow in, and thickness change followability is excellent.
- the method for manufacturing the composite structure of the present invention using the prepreg laminate of the present invention includes heating and pressurizing a preform containing the prepreg laminate of the present invention.
- the term "preform” refers to a molding base material containing at least a portion of the prepreg laminate of the present invention, and may contain materials other than the prepreg laminate of the present invention.
- Materials other than the prepreg laminate of the present invention include, for example, fiber-reinforced plastic precursors such as unidirectional continuous fiber prepreg and woven prepreg from the viewpoint of improving mechanical properties, and metal foil and the like from the viewpoint of improving mechanical properties and appearance.
- a metal layer such as a metal plate and a resin layer containing no reinforcing fiber can be used from the viewpoint of improving moldability, but the material is not limited to these, and any material can be used.
- a more preferable embodiment of the method for manufacturing the composite structure of the present invention using the prepreg laminate of the present invention is a heating and pressurizing step of heating and pressurizing to a temperature at which the thermoplastic resin of the prepreg (B) melts or softens. , and an expansion step in which the pressure is relieved and the volume is increased by the raising force of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers contained in the prepreg (B).
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the prepreg (B) is softened, making it possible to follow a more complicated shape.
- the heating and pressurizing step specifically includes a method of placing the prepreg laminate in a preheated mold and then closing the mold and pressurizing, or a method of sandwiching the prepreg laminate between the molds and pressurizing it.
- a method of heating the prepreg laminate by raising the temperature of the mold afterward, and a method of sandwiching the prepreg laminate between the molds while raising the temperature of the mold and heating and pressurizing the prepreg laminate are exemplified.
- the expansion step specifically includes a method of increasing the volume of the prepreg (B) by reducing the pressure applied to the upper and lower molds that have undergone the heating and pressurizing step, or a method of increasing the volume of the upper and lower metal molds. A method of at least temporarily relieving the pressure by slightly opening the mold to increase the volume of the prepreg (B) may be mentioned.
- the increase in the volume of the prepreg (B) in the expansion step may occur at least in the overlapping region described above.
- the expansion step is preferably carried out so that Y>Z, where Y is the standard expansion volume of the prepreg (B) determined by the following, and Z is the flow expansion volume, in the overlapping region.
- the standard expansion volume Y is obtained by heating only the overlapping region of the prepreg (B) included in the preform until the average temperature inside the prepreg (B) reaches or exceeds the heating temperature in the heating/pressurizing step, It is the volume [mm 3 ] of the fiber-reinforced resin structure obtained by keeping the temperature state for 1 hour under atmospheric pressure.
- the flow expansion volume Z is the volume [mm 3 ] of the layer derived from the overlapping region of the prepreg (B) at the completion of the expansion process.
- the composite structure of the present invention obtained from the prepreg laminate of the present invention has a layer structure formed by molding the prepreg laminate of the present invention. More preferably, the layer derived from the prepreg (B) contains voids. More preferably, in the layer derived from the prepreg (B), at least some of the contact points where the discontinuous reinforcing fibers cross each other are bonded with a thermoplastic resin, and both the discontinuous reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resin It is more preferable to include voids as portions where there are no voids.
- ⁇ Evaluation method> Average Fiber Length and Variation Coefficient of Reinforcing Fiber Prepreg (B) or prepreg (A) having dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm was heated in air at 500° C. for 1 hour to burn off the resin component. 100 remaining reinforcing fibers were randomly selected, and their lengths were measured by an optical microscope to the nearest 1 ⁇ m, and the average value of the fiber lengths was calculated as the average fiber length. Also, the standard deviation of the fiber length was calculated from the fiber lengths of 100 reinforcing fibers, and the coefficient of variation was calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the average value and multiplying the value by 100.
- Two-dimensional orientation angle of prepreg (B) or prepreg (A) The prepreg (B) or prepreg (A) surface is observed with a microscope, one reinforcing fiber single yarn is selected at random, and the reinforcing fiber single The two-dimensional orientation angle with another reinforcing fiber single yarn crossing the yarn was measured by image observation.
- As the two-dimensional orientation angle an angle of 0° or more and 90° or less (acute angle side) was adopted among the two angles formed by the two intersecting reinforcing fiber single yarns.
- the crossing single yarns were limited within the same fiber bundle.
- the ratio of the two-dimensional orientation angle of 1 ° or more among the two-dimensional orientation angles measured for a total of 100 fibers was 80% or more. , determined that the reinforcing fibers were monofilament-like. Furthermore, when the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles measured for a total of 100 pieces is within the range of 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less, it is determined that the reinforcing fibers are randomly oriented, and the range of 0 ° or more and less than 30 ° It was determined that the array is arranged in one direction if the
- the surface area and thickness of the prepreg (B)-derived portion contained in the compact were measured, and the surface area [mm 2 ] ⁇ thickness [mm] was measured to calculate the flow expansion volume Z [mm 3 ]. .
- the numerical value represented by (surface area of prepreg (B)-derived component)/(surface area of prepreg (A)-derived component) in the molded body was calculated as the core filling rate.
- the surface area of the prepreg (B)-derived component or the surface area of the prepreg (A)-derived component refers to the area along the in-plane direction of the prepreg (B)-derived component or the prepreg (A)-derived component contained in the molded body. If the body has a flat plate shape, the projected area in the thickness direction can be used, and if the body has a three-dimensional shape, it can be calculated using CAD software, for example. In this example, the surface area was calculated by modeling the shape of the compact using general-purpose CAD software. The closer the core filling rate is to 1, the more the prepreg (A) and the prepreg (B) are deformed to the same extent, and the shape follows the shape in a well-balanced state, meaning that the shape followability is excellent.
- the maximum thickness t of the corner portion 9 with the thickness change shown in FIG. 4(a) was measured to evaluate the thickness change followability.
- t was measured at a total of four locations, and the average value thereof was taken as the average thickness of the thick portion. Due to the design of the mold, the maximum thickness of the corner is 4 mm, and the closer the average value of the measured thickness is to 4 mm, it can be evaluated that the mold can be molded with the dimensions as designed, and the thickness change followability is excellent. can be evaluated.
- top surface portion 10 of FIG. 4(b) was cut out from the molded body of FIG.
- the displacement of the indenter (displacement during compression) is placed on a glyph-shaped jig and a load of up to 100 N is applied to the indenter having a circular surface with a diameter of 20 mm using a mechanical tester at the position indicated by the load applying unit 8. was measured and used as an index of the rigidity of the molded body. The smaller the displacement during compression, the better the mechanical properties.
- thermoplastic resin sheet (I) 100 g basis weight consisting of 50% by weight of unmodified polypropylene resin (“Prime Polypro” (registered trademark) J105G, manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) and 50% by weight of acid-modified polypropylene resin (“Admer” QB510, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) /m 2 of thermoplastic resin sheet (I) was produced.
- discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I) A PAN-based continuous carbon fiber bundle having a tensile strength of 4900 MPa and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 230 GPa and having a total number of single yarns of 12,000 was cut to 6 mm by a cartridge cutter to obtain discontinuous reinforcing fibers. A dispersion with a concentration of 0.1% by weight is prepared from water and a surfactant (manufactured by Nacalai Techs Co., Ltd., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (trade name)), and from this dispersion and the discontinuous reinforcing fibers, A discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I) was produced using a discontinuous reinforcing fiber web production apparatus.
- a surfactant manufactured by Nacalai Techs Co., Ltd., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (trade name)
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a cylindrical container with a diameter of 1000 mm having an opening cock at the bottom of the container serving as a dispersing tank, and a linear transport section (tilt angle of 30°) connecting the dispersing tank and the papermaking tank.
- a stirrer is attached to the opening on the upper surface of the dispersion tank, and the discontinuous reinforcing fibers and the dispersion liquid (dispersion medium) can be introduced through the opening.
- the papermaking tank was a tank equipped with a mesh conveyor having a papermaking surface with a width of 500 mm at the bottom, and a conveyor capable of transporting the papermaking substrate was connected to the mesh conveyor. Papermaking was carried out with the discontinuous reinforcing fiber concentration in the dispersion being 0.05% by weight.
- the paper-made discontinuous reinforcing fibers were dried in a drying oven at 200° C. for 30 minutes.
- the resulting discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I) had a width of 500 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a basis weight of 100 g/m 2 .
- thermoplastic resin sheet (I) Discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I) and thermoplastic resin sheet (I) are used, and laminated in the order of [thermoplastic resin sheet (I)/discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I)/thermoplastic resin sheet (I)]. Then, a pressure of 5 MPa was applied at a temperature of 230° C. for 2 minutes to prepare a resin-impregnated base material (I) in which the discontinuous reinforcing fiber web (I) was impregnated with the thermoplastic resin.
- Prepreg (BI) A prepreg (BI) was obtained by pressing a rotating blade against the resin-impregnated base material (I) to insert a regular pattern of cuts as shown in FIG. 2(b). The cut was provided over the entire surface of the prepreg (BI), and the cut penetrated the prepreg (BI) in the thickness direction. The sum Cb of cut lengths converted per 1 m 2 was changed as shown in Table 1 in each example and comparative example.
- the in-plane two-dimensional orientation angle of the prepreg (BI) was measured according to (2) above, the percentage of fibers with a two-dimensional orientation angle of 1° or more was 90%. Furthermore, the average value of two-dimensional orientation angles was 45°. That is, the reinforcing fibers were monofilament-like and randomly oriented.
- a continuous fiber prepreg (I) having a volume fraction Vf of 55% and a thickness of 0.125 mm was produced.
- the two-dimensional orientation angle of the continuous fiber prepreg (I) was measured according to the method described in (2), the average two-dimensional orientation angle was 2°.
- Prepreg (AI) Next, by pressing a rotating blade having a plurality of blades against a predetermined position of the continuous fiber prepreg (I), a cut is inserted through the continuous fiber prepreg (I) to form a fiber bundle, thereby forming a prepreg. (AI) was obtained.
- the rotating blades are alternately arranged with blades having an angle of +14° and -14° with the advancing direction of the rotating direction, and the blades are arranged so that all the reinforcing fibers of the continuous fiber prepreg (I) are cut. I used what is available.
- the sum Ca of cut lengths converted per 1 m 2 was changed as shown in Table 1 in each example and comparative example.
- the orientation direction is measured by the method described in (6), and the orientation direction of the fiber bundle is also measured for a total of 20 different fiber bundles for comparison, When the angle difference between the orientation direction of the arbitrarily selected fiber bundle and the orientation direction of the comparative fiber bundle was calculated, both were 5° or less. Decided to arrange.
- Prepreg (AII) Chopped prepregs in the form of fiber bundles obtained by cutting the continuous fiber prepreg (I) into a width of 3 mm and a length of 30 mm are arranged so that the fiber direction of each chopped prepreg is randomly oriented, and vacuum pressure bonded at 70 ° C. for 1 minute. By doing so, a prepreg (AII) was produced.
- the orientation direction of an arbitrary fiber bundle contained in the prepreg (AII) was measured by the method described in (6), and the orientation direction of a total of 20 separate fiber bundles for comparison was measured in the same manner. When the angle difference with the orientation direction of the fiber bundle was calculated, it was confirmed that the fiber bundle was oriented in eight directions.
- Example 1 The Ca of the cut inserted into the prepreg (AI) was set to 400 m/m 2 , and the Cb of the cut inserted to the prepreg (BI) was set to 200 m/m 2 . Both prepreg (BI) and prepreg (AI) were cut into a size of 150 mm x 150 mm, and (prepreg (AI) / prepreg (AI) / prepreg (BI) / prepreg (AI) / prepreg (AI)) were cut in order.
- a prepreg laminate (I) was obtained by lamination.
- the prepregs (AI) adjacent to each other are laminated so that the fiber directions intersect at 90°, and in the overlap region of the prepregs (AI) and prepregs (BI) adjacent to each other, the cut pattern of the prepregs (AI) and the When the cut pattern of the prepreg (BI) was projected in the thickness direction, at least a part of both cuts intersected.
- Example 2 A prepreg laminate and a composite were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Ca of the cut inserted into the prepreg (AI) was 200 m/m 2 and the Cb of the cut inserted into the prepreg (BI) was 20 m/m 2 . A molded body composed of the structure was obtained.
- Example 3 A prepreg laminate and a composite were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Ca of the cut inserted into the prepreg (AI) was 200 m/m 2 and the Cb of the cut inserted into the prepreg (BI) was 40 m/m 2 . A molded body composed of the structure was obtained.
- Example 4 A prepreg laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cut length Ca inserted in the prepreg (AI) was 200 m/m 2 and the cut length Cb inserted in the prepreg (BI) was 100 m/m 2 . and a compact comprising a composite structure was obtained.
- Example 5-1 A prepreg laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cut length Ca inserted into the prepreg (AI) was 200 m/m 2 and the cut length Cb inserted into the prepreg (BI) was 200 m/m 2 . and a compact comprising a composite structure was obtained.
- Example 5(c) a compact comprising a composite structure was molded in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the expansion step was performed so that the distance h between the upper and lower molds was 2.5 mm.
- Example 5-3 a compact comprising a composite structure was molded in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the expansion step was performed so that the distance h between the upper and lower molds was 1.7 mm.
- Example 6 A prepreg laminate and a A compact comprising a composite structure was obtained.
- Example 7 A prepreg laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cut length Ca inserted in the prepreg (AI) was 200 m/m 2 and the cut length Cb inserted in the prepreg (BI) was 800 m/m 2 . and a compact comprising a composite structure was obtained.
- Adjacent prepregs (AI) and prepregs (BI) have the same arrangement of cuts, and once they are arranged so that all of the cuts overlap each other, they are slightly shifted in the in-plane direction so that they are aligned with each other.
- a molded body composed of a prepreg laminate and a composite structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the cuts were laminated so that all the cuts did not intersect.
- Example 9 A molded body composed of a prepreg laminate and a composite structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that prepreg (AII) was used instead of prepreg (AI). The sum Ca of the cut lengths of the prepreg (A) was not measured because there was no cut.
- Example 10 A prepreg laminate and a composite were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Ca of the cut inserted into the prepreg (AI) was 800 m/m 2 and the Cb of the cut inserted into the prepreg (BI) was 40 m/m 2 . A molded body composed of the structure was obtained.
- Example 11 A prepreg laminate and a composite were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Ca of the cut inserted into the prepreg (AI) was 100 m/m 2 and the Cb of the cut inserted into the prepreg (BI) was 800 m/m 2 . A molded body composed of the structure was obtained.
- Example 1 A molded article composed of a composite structure was molded in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the resin-impregnated base material (I) before the incision was inserted was used instead of the prepreg (BI). As a result, the core filling rate was remarkably low due to insufficient shape followability of the resin-impregnated base material (I). was also significantly lower. The displacement during compression was not measured because the shape was significantly different from that of Fig. 4(a).
- Example 2 A molded body of a composite structure was formed in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the continuous fiber prepreg (I) before inserting the cuts was used instead of the prepreg (AI). It was a continuous fiber, and the coefficient of variation of fiber length was not measured. As a result, the surface continuous fiber prepreg (I) did not follow the shape of the mold, and large wrinkles were observed on the surface. In addition, since the continuous fiber prepreg (I) did not follow the shape of the mold during pressurization and was stretched, the shape followability of the corners was remarkably lowered. The displacement during compression was not measured because the shape was significantly different from that of Fig. 4(a).
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Abstract
Description
(1)プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の繊維長の変動係数が、プリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の繊維長の変動係数よりも大きい。
(2)プリプレグ(B)は、プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維を切断する複数の切込を有するとともに、プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の二次元配向角の平均値がプリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の二次元配向角の平均値よりも大きい。
本発明におけるプリプレグ(B)は、不連続強化繊維に熱可塑性樹脂が含浸されてなるものである。
本発明において、プリプレグ(A)は、不連続強化繊維に熱硬化性樹脂または熱可塑性樹脂が含浸されてなるものである。
本発明のプリプレグ積層体は、プリプレグ(B)とプリプレグ(A)が隣接して積層されるとともに、少なくとも一方の表面に前記プリプレグ(A)が配置されてなる。互いに隣接して配置されるプリプレグ(B)とプリプレグ(A)の組を一つ以上有していれば、プリプレグ(B)とプリプレグ(A)の積層数は特に限定されない。力学特性の観点からは、プリプレグ積層体の両方の表面にプリプレグ(A)が配置されていることがより好ましい。また、得られる成形品の反りを抑制する観点からは、プリプレグ(B)とプリプレグ(A)はプリプレグ積層体の積層方向の中心に対して対称となるように積層される積層構成であることが好ましい。このような積層構成の例としては、[プリプレグ(A)/プリプレグ(A)/プリプレグ(B)/プリプレグ(B)/プリプレグ(A)/プリプレグ(A)]の積層構成が挙げられる。
本発明のプリプレグ積層体を用いた本発明の複合構造体の製造方法は、本発明のプリプレグ積層体を含むプリフォームを加熱・加圧することを含む。ここで、プリフォームとは、本発明のプリプレグ積層体を少なくとも一部に含む成形基材を指し、本発明のプリプレグ積層体以外の材料を含んでいてもよい。本発明のプリプレグ積層体以外の材料としては、例えば、力学特性を向上させる観点では一方向連続繊維プリプレグや織物プリプレグなどの繊維強化プラスチック前駆体を、力学特性や外観を向上させる観点では金属箔や金属板などの金属層を、また成形性向上の観点では強化繊維を含まない樹脂層を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではなく、任意の材料を用いることができる。
本発明のプリプレグ積層体から得られる本発明の複合構造体は、本発明のプリプレグ積層体が成形されてなる層構造を有する。より好ましくは、プリプレグ(B)に由来する層が空隙を含むことが好ましい。より好ましくは、プリプレグ(B)に由来する層は、不連続強化繊維同士が交差した接点のうち少なくとも一部が熱可塑性樹脂で接着されているとともに、不連続強化繊維および熱可塑性樹脂のいずれもが存在しない部分としての空隙を含むことがより好ましい。
(1)強化繊維の平均繊維長および変動係数
50mm×50mmの寸法のプリプレグ(B)またはプリプレグ(A)を空気中500℃で1時間加熱し、樹脂成分を焼き飛ばした。残った強化繊維を無作為に100本選び出し、その長さを1μm単位まで光学顕微鏡にて測定し、繊維長の平均値を算出して、平均繊維長とした。また、100本の強化繊維の繊維長から、繊維長の標準偏差を算出し、標準偏差を平均値で割った数値に100をかけることで変動係数を算出した。
プリプレグ(B)またはプリプレグ(A)表面を顕微鏡で観察し、無作為に強化繊維単糸を1本選定し、該強化繊維単糸に交差する別の強化繊維単糸との二次元配向角を画像観察により測定した。二次元配向角は交差する2本の強化繊維単糸がなす2つの角度のうち、0°以上90°以下の角度(鋭角側)を採用した。測定した強化繊維単糸1本あたりの二次元配向角の測定数はn=20とした。なお、プリプレグ(A)においては、交差する単糸は同一繊維束内に限定した。
実施例・比較例で使用したプリプレグ(A)またはプリプレグ(B)1枚分に設けられた切込長の和を測定し、1m2あたりの長さに換算した数値とした。切込長の和の測定は両表面に対して行い、切込長の和が大きかった表面の数値を採用した。
各実施例・比較例で使用したプリプレグ積層体に含まれるプリプレグ(B)を、雰囲気温度が加熱・加圧工程で加熱した温度+10℃となるように設定した恒温槽内に配置し、大気圧下で1時間保持したのち、恒温槽から出して冷却し、形状を固定してプリプレグ(B)由来の成形品を得た。該成形品の底面積[mm2]×厚さ[mm]を測定し、標準膨張体積Y[mm3]を算出した。
各実施例・比較例で作製したプリプレグ積層体から、上下金型を用いて、図4(a)に示す形状の成形体を成形した。上下金型を、金型の表面の温度が180℃になるように昇温した後、図5(a)に示すようにプリプレグ積層体を下金型表面に配置し、上金型をプリプレグ積層体の上にのせ30秒間保持したのち、図5(b)に示すようにプリプレグ積層体に対して3MPaの圧力が負荷されるように上下金型を閉じ、プリプレグ積層体を流動させた(加熱・加圧工程)。上下金型を閉じて圧力を付与したまま5分間保持した後、図5(c)に示すように上下金型を開き(膨張工程)、金型成形面の温度が60℃になるまで冷却して複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
対象とする繊維束の表面を顕微鏡で観察し、無作為に強化繊維単糸を1本設定した。さらに、該プリプレグ上に仮想的に基準線を設定し、該基準線と、無作為に設定した前記強化繊維単糸とがなす角度を測定した。同様の測定を、同一の繊維束の中から合計100本の強化繊維に対して実施し、それらの角度の平均値を、対象の繊維束の配向角とした。
[熱可塑性樹脂シート(I)]
未変性ポリプロピレン樹脂(プライムポリマー(株)製“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J105G)50重量%と、酸変性ポリプロピレン樹脂(三井化学(株)製“アドマー”QB510)50重量%とからなる目付100g/m2の熱可塑性樹脂シート(I)を作製した。
引張強度:4900MPa、引張弾性率:230GPaの、総単糸数12,000本のPAN系連続炭素繊維束をカートリッジカッターで6mmにカットし、不連続強化繊維を得た。水と界面活性剤(ナカライテクス(株)製、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(商品名))からなる濃度0.1重量%の分散液を作成し、この分散液と上記不連続強化繊維とから、不連続強化繊維ウェブの製造装置を用いて、不連続強化繊維ウェブ(I)を製造した。製造装置は、分散槽としての容器下部に開口コックを有する直径1000mmの円筒形状の容器、分散槽と抄紙槽とを接続する直線状の輸送部(傾斜角30°)を備えている。分散槽の上面の開口部には撹拌機が付属し、開口部から不連続強化繊維および分散液(分散媒体)を投入可能である。抄紙槽は、底部に幅500mmの抄紙面を有するメッシュコンベアを備える槽であり、抄紙基材を運搬可能なコンベアをメッシュコンベアに接続した。抄紙は分散液中の不連続強化繊維濃度を0.05重量%として行った。抄紙した不連続強化繊維は200℃の乾燥炉で30分間乾燥した。得られた不連続強化繊維ウェブ(I)の幅は500mm、長さは500mm、目付は100g/m2であった。
不連続強化繊維ウェブ(I)、熱可塑性樹脂シート(I)を使用し、[熱可塑性樹脂シート(I)/不連続強化繊維ウェブ(I)/熱可塑性樹脂シート(I)]の順番に積層し、230℃の温度で5MPaの圧力を2分間かけて不連続強化繊維ウェブ(I)に熱可塑性樹脂が含浸した樹脂含浸基材(I)を作製した。
樹脂含浸基材(I)に対し回転刃を押し当てることで、図2(b)に示すような規則的なパターンの切込を挿入してプリプレグ(BI)を得た。切込はプリプレグ(BI)の表面の全面にわたって設けられており、切込はプリプレグ(BI)の厚さ方向に貫通していた。なお、1m2あたりに換算した切込長の和Cbは各実施例・比較例において、表1に記載のように変更した。
エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製“エピコート(登録商標)”828:30重量部、“エピコート(登録商標)”1001:35重量部、“エピコート(登録商標)”154:35重量部)に、熱可塑性樹脂ポリビニルホルマール(チッソ(株)製“ビニレック(登録商標)”K)5重量部をニーダーで加熱混練してポリビニルホルマールを均一に溶解させた後、硬化剤ジシアンジアミド(ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)製DICY7)3.5重量部と、硬化促進剤3-(3,4-ジクロロフェニル)-1,1-ジメチルウレア(保土谷化学工業(株)製DCMU99)4重量部を、ニーダーで混練して未硬化のエポキシ樹脂組成物を調整した。このエポキシ樹脂組成物を、リバースロールコーターを用いてシリコーンコーティング処理された厚さ100μmの離型紙上に塗布して樹脂フィルムを作製した。次に、一方向に配列させた前述のPAN系連続炭素繊維束の両面に樹脂フィルムをそれぞれ重ね、加熱・加圧することによって樹脂を含浸させ、単位面積あたりの炭素繊維重さ125g/m2、繊維体積含有率Vf55%、厚み0.125mmの連続繊維プリプレグ(I)を作製した。該連続繊維プリプレグ(I)の二次元配向角を、(2)に記載の方法に準じて測定したところ、二次元配向角の平均値は2°であった。
次に、連続繊維プリプレグ(I)の所定の位置に複数の刃が配置された回転刃を押し当てることで連続繊維プリプレグ(I)を貫通する切込を挿入し、繊維束を形成してプリプレグ(AI)を得た。回転刃は、回転方向の進行方向となす角度が+14°と-14°の刃とが交互に配置されており、刃は連続繊維プリプレグ(I)の全ての強化繊維が切断されるように配置されているものを用いた。なお、1m2あたりに換算した切込長の和Caは各実施例・比較例において、表1に記載のように変更した。また、プリプレグ(AI)に含まれる任意の繊維束について、(6)記載の方法で配向方向を測定するとともに、合計20個の別の比較用繊維束についても繊維束の配向方向を測定し、前記任意に選択した繊維束の配向方向と、前記比較用繊維束の配向方向の角度差を計算したところ、いずれも5°以下であったため、プリプレグ(AI)に含まれる繊維束が一方向に配列するものと判断した。
連続繊維プリプレグ(I)を幅3mm、長さ30mmにカットして得た繊維束形態のチョップドプリプレグを、各チョップドプリプレグの繊維方向がランダムに配向するように配置し、70℃で1分間真空圧着することでプリプレグ(AII)を作製した。またプリプレグ(AII)に含まれる任意の繊維束について、(6)記載の方法で配向方向を測定するとともに、合計20個の別の比較用繊維束についても同様に配向方向を測定し、前記任意の繊維束の配向方向との角度差を計算したところ、繊維束は8方向に配向することを確認した。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを400m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込のCbを200m/m2とした。プリプレグ(BI)、およびプリプレグ(AI)を、ともに150mm×150mmの寸法に裁断し、(プリプレグ(AI)/プリプレグ(AI)/プリプレグ(BI)/プリプレグ(AI)/プリプレグ(AI))の順に積層してプリプレグ積層体(I)を得た。このとき、互いに隣接するプリプレグ(AI)は繊維方向が90°で交わるように積層し、また互いに隣接するプリプレグ(AI)とプリプレグ(BI)の重複領域において、プリプレグ(AI)の切込パターンとプリプレグ(BI)の切込パターンを厚み方向に投影した場合に、両者の切込の少なくとも一部が交差していた。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込のCbを20m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込のCbを40m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込長のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込長のCbを100m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込長のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込長のCbを200m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
図5(c)において、上下金型間の距離hが2.5mmとなるように膨張工程を実施したこと以外は実施例5-1と同様に複合構造体からなる成形体を成形した。
(実施例5-3)
図5(c)において、上下金型間の距離hが1.7mmとなるように膨張工程を実施したこと以外は実施例5-1と同様に複合構造体からなる成形体を成形した。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込長のCbを400m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込長のCaを200m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込長のCbを800m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
隣接するプリプレグ(AI)と、プリプレグ(BI)に含まれる切込の配置を同じにし、一度互いの切込が全て重なるように配置した後、互いをわずかに面内方向にずらすことで互いの切込が全て交差しないように積層したこと以外は実施例5-1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)の代わりに、プリプレグ(AII)を使用したこと以外は実施例5と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。プリプレグ(A)の切込長の和Caは、切込がないので未測定とした。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを800m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込のCbを40m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(AI)に挿入した切込のCaを100m/m2、プリプレグ(BI)に挿入した切込のCbを800m/m2としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてプリプレグ積層体および複合構造体からなる成形体を得た。
プリプレグ(BI)の代わりに、切込を挿入する前の樹脂含浸基材(I)を使用したこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様に複合構造体からなる成形体を成形した。結果、樹脂含浸基材(I)の形状追従性不足のため、コア充填率が著しく低く、また加圧時に樹脂含浸基材(I)が形状に追従せず突っ張ったため、角部の形状追従性も著しく低くなった。図4(a)の形状から大きく異なったため、圧縮時変位は測定しなかった。
プリプレグ(AI)の代わりに、切込を挿入する前の連続繊維プリプレグ(I)を使用したこと以外は、実施例5-1と同様に複合構造体からなる成形体を成形した。連続繊維であり、繊維長の変動係数は測定しなかった。結果、表層の連続繊維プリプレグ(I)が金型形状に追従せず、表面に大きなシワが観察された。また、加圧時に連続繊維プリプレグ(I)が金型形状に追従せず突っ張ったため、角部の形状追従性も著しく低くなった。図4(a)の形状から大きく異なったため、圧縮時変位は測定しなかった。
2:切込領域
3:プリプレグ(B)
4:切込単位
5a,5b1~5b5:強化繊維単糸
6:二次元配向角度
7:複合構造体
8:荷重付与部
9:厚さ変化を伴う角部
10:天面部
t:厚さ変化を伴う角部の最大厚み
11:上型
12:下型
13:プリプレグ積層体
h:上下金型間の距離
Claims (15)
- 不連続強化繊維に熱硬化性樹脂または熱可塑性樹脂が含浸されたプリプレグ(A)と、
不連続強化繊維に熱可塑性樹脂が含浸されたプリプレグ(B)とが隣接して積層されるとともに、少なくとも一方の表面に前記プリプレグ(A)が配置されてなるプリプレグ積層体であって、
隣接するプリプレグ(A)とプリプレグ(B)の少なくとも一部の組み合わせが、下記(1)および(2)の少なくとも一方を満たす領域(重複領域)を形成するプリプレグ積層体。
(1)プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の繊維長の変動係数が、プリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の繊維長の変動係数よりも大きい。
(2)プリプレグ(B)は、プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維を切断する複数の切込を有するとともに、プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の二次元配向角の平均値がプリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の二次元配向角の平均値よりも大きい。 - 前記重複領域において、プリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の平均繊維長が、プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の平均繊維長よりも長い、請求項1に記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- 前記重複領域において、本数換算でプリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維の50%以上が、プリプレグ(A)に含まれる強化繊維の平均繊維長以下の繊維長を有する、請求項1または2に記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- プリプレグ(A)は、不連続強化繊維からなる繊維束を一方向に配列された状態で含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- プリプレグ(B)に含まれる不連続強化繊維がウェブ形態である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- プリプレグ(A)は複数の切込を有し、プリプレグ(A)に含まれる不連続強化繊維は当該切込によって一方向に配列した連続強化繊維が切断されて一方向に配列した繊維束が形成されてなるものであり、
プリプレグ(B)は、前記ウェブ形態の不連続強化繊維の少なくとも一部を切断する複数の切込を有し、
前記プリプレグ(A)において前記切込が形成されている切込領域と、前記プリプレグ(B)において前記切込が形成されている切込領域とが重複することによって前記重複領域が形成されてなる、請求項5に記載のプリプレグ積層体。 - 前記重複領域における、前記プリプレグ(A)、前記プリプレグ(B)が有する1m2あたりに換算した切込長の和をそれぞれCa[m/m2]、Cb[m/m2]としたとき、0.1≦Cb/Ca<5を満たす、請求項6に記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- 前記切込領域において、前記プリプレグ(A)および前記プリプレグ(B)の切込は、平面視において一定のパターンをもって形成され、
前記重複領域において、前記プリプレグ(A)の切込パターンと前記プリプレグ(B)の切込パターンを厚み方向に投影した場合に、両者の切込の少なくとも一部が交差する、請求項6または7に記載のプリプレグ積層体。 - 前記プリプレグ(A)に含まれる前記不連続強化繊維は、前記繊維束が面内で5方向以上に配向した形態を有する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- 前記プリプレグ(A)および前記プリプレグ(B)がプリプレグ積層体の積層方向の中心に対して対称に積層される積層構成である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体。
- 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体を含むプリフォームを加熱・加圧することを含む複合構造体の製造方法。
- 前記プリプレグ(B)の熱可塑性樹脂が溶融または軟化する温度まで加熱しつつ加圧する加熱・加圧工程と、
圧力を緩和し、前記プリプレグ(B)に含まれる前記不連続強化繊維の起毛力により前記プリプレグ(B)の体積を増加させる膨張工程と、
を有する、請求項11に記載の複合構造体の製造方法。 - 下記により決定される前記プリプレグ(B)の前記重複領域の標準膨張体積をY、前記プリプレグ(B)の前記重複領域の流動膨張体積をZとしたとき、Y>Zとなるように膨張工程を行う、請求項12に記載の複合構造体の製造方法。
標準膨張体積Y:前記プリプレグ(B)の前記重複領域のみを、内部の平均温度が前記加熱・加圧工程で加熱する温度以上になるまで加熱し、その状態を維持したまま大気圧下で1時間保持して得た繊維強化樹脂構造体の体積[mm3]。
流動膨張体積Z:前記膨張工程完了時の前記プリプレグ(B)の前記重複領域に由来する層の体積[mm3]。 - 請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のプリプレグ積層体が成形されてなる層構造を有する複合構造体。
- 前記プリプレグ(B)に由来する層が空隙を含む、請求項14に記載の複合構造体。
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| EP4316801A4 (en) | 2025-02-19 |
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