WO2022205916A1 - 一种抬头显示系统 - Google Patents

一种抬头显示系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205916A1
WO2022205916A1 PCT/CN2021/129114 CN2021129114W WO2022205916A1 WO 2022205916 A1 WO2022205916 A1 WO 2022205916A1 CN 2021129114 W CN2021129114 W CN 2021129114W WO 2022205916 A1 WO2022205916 A1 WO 2022205916A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refractive index
head
display system
polarized light
glass plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/129114
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹晖
何立山
曾东
张小荣
黄凤珠
陈国富
福原康太
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd filed Critical Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to EP21934552.7A priority Critical patent/EP4266112A4/en
Priority to KR1020237001125A priority patent/KR102788652B1/ko
Priority to JP2023514500A priority patent/JP7515702B2/ja
Publication of WO2022205916A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205916A1/zh
Priority to US18/118,295 priority patent/US20230204955A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G02B2027/0105—Holograms with particular structures
    • G02B2027/0107—Holograms with particular structures with optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
    • G02B2027/0196—Supplementary details having transparent supporting structure for display mounting, e.g. to a window or a windshield

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of head-up display, in particular to a head-up display system utilizing transparent nano-film imaging and display, and specifically provides a head-up display system capable of eliminating the reddish, yellowish and other defects of the head-up display image.
  • Head-up display HUD, Head Up Display
  • HUD Head-up Display
  • important driving information such as speed, engine revolutions, fuel consumption, tire pressure, navigation, and information from external smart devices
  • Displayed in the driver's field of vision on the front windshield so that the driver can see the driving information without looking down, so as to avoid distracting attention from the road ahead; at the same time, the driver does not have to observe the distant road and the near Adjusting the eyes between the instruments can avoid eye fatigue, which can greatly enhance driving safety and improve driving experience.
  • the head-up display system While displaying the projection information, the head-up display system also has the problem of ghosting, that is, in addition to the main image observed by the human eye, there may also be a secondary image that can be recognized by the human eye.
  • the traditional method is to use wedge-shaped laminated glass as the front windshield, for example, patents CN105793033B, CN111417518A, CN110709359A etc. disclose the use of wedge-shaped PVB as the intermediate layer of the laminated glass or one of the glass plates has a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the prior art also discloses the use of P-polarized light and conductive coatings to generate HUD images, such as patent DE102014220189A1 and Chinese patents CN110520782A, CN111433022A, CN111433023A, etc., so that while realizing the function of head-up display, it can also realize heat insulation and/or electric heating, etc. Therefore, the optical and electrical properties of the conductive coating are required to be high.
  • the HUD image produced by the reflection of P-polarized light is prone to color cast, which makes the HUD image appear reddish, yellowish and other defects, which seriously affects the appearance and quality of the HUD image.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a head-up display system with higher quality of head-up display images, aiming at defects such as reddishness and yellowishness of HUD images.
  • a head-up display system comprising a projection light source and a laminated glass, wherein the laminated glass includes an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate, and a head-up display system sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate
  • the intermediate adhesive layer, the head-up display system further includes a transparent nano-film deposited on the surface of the inner glass plate farthest from the intermediate adhesive layer, the transparent nano-film including at least one surface from the inner glass plate.
  • the projection light source is used to generate P-polarized light, the P-polarized light is incident on the transparent nanofilm, and the incident angle of the P-polarized light is 55° to 75°.
  • the reflectivity of the P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 8%; it is characterized in that:
  • the ratio of the near-red light reflectivity R1 of the laminated glass with the transparent nanofilm in the wavelength range of 580nm to 680nm to the near blue light reflectance R2 of the laminated glass with the transparent nanofilm in the wavelength range of 420nm to 470nm R1/R2 1.0 ⁇ 2.0.
  • the ratio T1/T2 0.1 ⁇ 0.9.
  • the difference between the refractive indices of the intermediate adhesive layer and the inner glass plate is less than or equal to 0.1.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile is 0.01-0.18 mrad.
  • the reflectivity of the laminated glass with the transparent nano-film to the P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 15%.
  • the reflectivity of the laminated glass with the transparent nano-film to the P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 20%.
  • the refractive index of at least one high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2.5, and the physical thickness thereof is 45-75 nm.
  • At least one high refractive index layer includes at least two high refractive index sublayers, the refractive index of at least one high refractive index sublayer is greater than or equal to 2.5, and the refractive index of at least another high refractive index sublayer is 1.8-2.2.
  • At least one high refractive index layer includes two first high refractive index sublayers and one second high refractive index sublayer, the first high refractive index sublayer has a refractive index of 1.8 ⁇ 2.2, and the second high refractive index sublayer has a refractive index of 1.8 ⁇ 2.2.
  • the refractive index of the high refractive index sublayer is greater than or equal to 2.5, and the second high refractive index sublayer is disposed between the two first high refractive index sublayers. More preferably, the refractive index of the second high refractive index sublayer is at least 0.5 greater than the refractive index of the first high refractive index sublayer.
  • the ratio T1/T2 0.4 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ 0.8.
  • a filter element is added in the head-up display system, the filter element is located on the optical path of the P-polarized light, and the transmittance of the filter element to the P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 80% .
  • the head-up display system further includes a projection control system for controlling the projection light source to generate P-polarized light, and a color filter processing algorithm is added to the projection control system.
  • the outer glass plate is a curved glass plate with a thickness greater than or equal to 1.8 mm
  • the inner glass plate is a curved glass plate with a thickness of less than or equal to 1.6 mm.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.7-1.2 mm
  • the inner glass plate is chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass, chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass, chemically strengthened borosilicate glass, body strengthened Soda-lime-silica glass, bulk-strengthened aluminosilicate glass or bulk-strengthened borosilicate glass.
  • the head-up display system of the present invention can generate a head-up display (HUD) image that is clear and without visual ghosting, can eliminate the reddish, yellowish and other defects of the head-up display (HUD) image, and obtain a higher-quality head-up display image; and the ability to render the HUD image neutral in color, as well as enrich the HUD image for full-color display, such as displaying red, green, blue, yellow, orange, and white simultaneously in the HUD image Color marks or symbols; full-color display can also be achieved in a lower cost manner, reducing the cost of selection of projection light sources.
  • HUD head-up display
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a head-up display system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent nano-film comprising a laminated structure according to the present invention.
  • 2B is a schematic structural diagram of the transparent nanofilm comprising two stacked structures according to the present invention.
  • 2C is a schematic structural diagram of the transparent nanofilm comprising three stacked structures according to the present invention.
  • 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent nano-film with a high refractive index layer comprising two sublayers according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of the transparent nano-film in which the low-refractive index layer includes two sublayers according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic structural diagram of the transparent nano-film in which the high refractive index layer includes three sub-layers according to the present invention.
  • the head-up display system includes a projection light source 1 and a laminated glass 2 .
  • the laminated glass 2 includes an outer glass plate 21 , an inner glass plate 23 , and an outer glass plate 21 and an inner glass plate 23 sandwiched between the outer glass plate 21 and the inner glass plate 23 .
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 between, in order to eliminate the ghost phenomenon, the head-up display system also includes a transparent nano-film 3, the transparent nano-film 3 is deposited on the inner glass plate 23 farthest away from the surface of the intermediate adhesive layer 22 that is On the fourth surface 232; the projection light source 1 is used to generate the P-polarized light 11, the P-polarized light 11 is incident on the transparent nano-film 3, and the incident angle of the P-polarized light 11 is 55-75 degrees, with all the The reflectivity of the laminated glass 2 of the transparent nano-film 3 to the P-polarized light 11 is greater than or equal to 8%.
  • the present invention utilizes the characteristic that when P-polarized light is incident at an angle of 55 to 75 degrees, the reflectivity at the interface between glass and air is low and the reflectivity of the transparent nano-film 3 to P-polarized light is high, so that the interlayer can be visually observed.
  • the reflectivity at the interface between glass and air is low and the reflectivity of the transparent nano-film 3 to P-polarized light is high, so that the interlayer can be visually observed.
  • the reflection imaging on glass only the reflection image of the transparent nanofilm is observed as the main image, thereby eliminating the phenomenon of visual ghosting.
  • the outer glass panel 21 has a first surface 211 and a second surface 212, the first surface 211 is disposed toward the outside of the vehicle and is farthest away from the intermediate adhesive layer 22, and the second surface 212 is close to the The intermediate adhesive layer 22;
  • the inner glass plate 23 has a third surface 231 and a fourth surface 232, the third surface 231 is adjacent to the intermediate adhesive layer 22, and the fourth surface 232 is disposed toward the interior of the vehicle and farthest from the intermediate adhesive layer 22 ;
  • the second surface 212 and the third surface 231 are bonded together by the intermediate adhesive layer 22 to form the laminated glass 2 .
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 can be selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate At least one of methyl methacrylate (PMMA), ionic intermediate layer (SGP) or polyurethane (PU), and the like.
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PA polyacrylate
  • PMMA methyl methacrylate
  • SGP ionic intermediate layer
  • PU polyurethane
  • the difference between the refractive indices of the intermediate adhesive layer 22 and the inner glass plate 23 is less than or equal to 0.1, so as to obtain a higher quality head-up display image.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure can be exemplified by a double-layer structure, a three-layer structure, a four-layer structure, a five-layer structure, and the like.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area as a shadow band to reduce the interference of sunlight to human eyes, or adding an infrared absorber to provide sun protection or heat insulation, or adding ultraviolet absorption. Therefore, it has the function of blocking ultraviolet rays, or one of the layers of the intermediate adhesive layer 22 of the multi-layer structure has a higher content of plasticizer so that it has the function of sound insulation.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile, and the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped cross-sectional profile is 0.01-0.18mrad, for example, 0.01mard, 0.02mrad, 0.03mrad, 0.04mrad, 0.05mrad, 0.06mrad, 0.07mrad, 0.08mrad, 0.09mrad, 0.10mrad, 0.11mrad, 0.12mrad, 0.13mrad, 0.14mrad, 0.15mrad, 0.16mrad, 0.17mrad, 0.18mrad.
  • the intermediate adhesive layer 22 with a smaller wedge angle, the reflection ghost and the perspective ghost can be eliminated at the same time in a low-cost manner, thereby obtaining a higher quality head-up display image and observation effect.
  • the P-polarized light 11 generated by the projection light source 1 is incident on the transparent nano-film 3 at an angle ⁇ of 55-75 degrees, and the transparent nano-film 3 can directly reflect part of the P-polarized light 11 to form
  • the reflected light 12 can directly enter the eyes of the observer 100 to form a head-up display (HUD) main image; since the thickness of the transparent nano-film 3 is very thin and the incident angle ⁇ is close to the Brewster angle (about 57 °), so part of the P-polarized light passing through the transparent nano-film 3 is not reflected on the fourth surface 232 and the propagation direction is basically unchanged, and the P-polarized light after entering the laminated glass 2 enters the observer 100 again.
  • the intensity of the reflected light from the eyes is quite weak or even close to zero, making it difficult for the observer 100 to perceive the existence of ghosting.
  • the projection light source 1 is used to output relevant text and image information such as speed, engine revolutions, fuel consumption, tire pressure, dynamic navigation, night vision, real-life map, etc. to the laminated glass 2, so as to be viewed by the observer 100 in the vehicle. Observe, implement Heads Up Displays (HUDs), and even Augmented Reality Heads Up Displays (AR-HUDs).
  • HUDs Heads Up Displays
  • AR-HUDs Augmented Reality Heads Up Displays
  • the projection light source 1 is an element known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to laser, light emitting diode (LED), liquid crystal display (LCD), digital light processing (DLP), electroluminescence (EL), cathode ray Tube (CRT), Vacuum Fluorescent Tube (VFD), Collimating Mirror, Spherical Correcting Mirror, Convex Lens, Concave Lens, Reflector and/or Polarizer, etc.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • DLP digital light processing
  • EL electroluminescence
  • CRT cathode ray Tube
  • VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Tube
  • Collimating Mirror Spherical Correcting Mirror, Convex Lens, Concave Lens, Reflector and/or Polarizer, etc.
  • the position and incident angle of the projection light source 1 are adjustable to suit the observers 100 at different positions or heights in the vehicle.
  • the laminated glass 2 with the transparent nano-film 3 can directly reflect at least 8% of the P-polarized light 11 to form a head-up display main image.
  • the stacked structure of the high-refractive index layer 31/low-refractive index layer 32 deposited in sequence, the refractive index of the high-refractive index layer 31 is greater than or equal to 1.8, preferably greater than or equal to 2.0, more preferably greater than or equal to 2.2, Further, the high refractive index layer 31 is selected from oxides of Zn, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, Bi elements and mixtures thereof, or Si, Al, At least one of nitrides, oxynitrides and mixtures of Zr, Y, Ce, La elements, specifically TiOx, NbOx, HfO2, ZnSnOx, TaOx, MoOx, ZrOx, CeO2, WO3, BiOx or SiZrNx, etc.
  • the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 32 is less than or equal to 1.6, preferably less than or equal to 1.5, further, the low refractive index layer 32 is selected from at least one of SiO2, Al2O3 and mixtures thereof, specifically is SiAlOx.
  • the reflectivity of the laminated glass 2 with the transparent nanofilm 3 to the P-polarized light 11 is greater than or equal to 15%;
  • the transparent nanofilm 3 includes a laminated structure of a high refractive index layer 31/low refractive index layer 32, that is, an inner glass plate 23/high refractive index layer 31/low refractive index layer 32;
  • the transparent nano-film 3 can be exemplified by a laminated structure including two high-refractive index layers 31/low-refractive-index layers 32, that is, inner glass plate 23/first high-refractive-index layer 31/first low-refractive-index layer 31 Refractive index layer 32/second high refractive index layer 31/second low refractive index layer 32; as shown in FIG.
  • the transparent nanofilm 3 includes three high refractive index layers 31/low refractive index layers 32.
  • Laminated structure namely inner glass plate 23/first high refractive index layer 31/first low refractive index layer 32/second high refractive index layer 31/second low refractive index layer 32/third high refractive index layer 31/ The third low-refractive index layer 32; of course, the transparent nano-film 3 can also be exemplified as a laminated structure comprising four high-refractive-index layers/low-refractive-index layers, that is, the inner glass plate 23/the first high-refractive-index layer/the first high-refractive-index layer A low refractive index layer/second high refractive index layer/second low refractive index layer/third high refractive index layer/third low refractive index layer/fourth high refractive index layer/fourth low refractive index layer.
  • the film material and film thickness of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer it can make it have excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, and ensure excellent durability.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent nano-film 3 to the P-polarized light 11 is greater than or equal to 20%, so as to obtain a higher-quality head-up display image.
  • the refractive index of at least one high refractive index layer 31 is greater than or equal to 2.5, and the physical thickness thereof is 45-75 nm.
  • the high refractive index layer 31 and/or the low refractive index layer 32 may further include at least two sublayers, namely the high refractive index layer 31 includes at least two high-refractive-index sub-layers, and the low-refractive-index layer 32 includes at least two low-refractive-index sub-layers; as shown in FIG.
  • the low refractive index layer 32 includes a first low refractive index sublayer 321 and a second low refractive index sublayer 322, that is, the inner glass plate 23/high refractive index layer 31/first low refractive index sublayer 321/ The second low refractive index sublayer 322; of course, the high refractive index layer 31 may also include a first high refractive index sublayer and a second high refractive index sublayer, and the low refractive index layer 32 may include a first low refractive index sublayer Refractive index sublayer and second low index sublayer, i.e. inner glass plate 23/first high index sublayer/second high index sublayer/first low index sublayer/second low index sublayer .
  • the high refractive index layer 31 includes at least two high refractive index sublayers, preferably the refractive index of at least one high refractive index sublayer is greater than or equal to 2.5, and the refractive index of at least another high refractive index sublayer is 1.8 ⁇ 2.2 , the high-refractive-index sub-layer with a refractive index of 1.8 ⁇ 2.2 is closer to the fourth surface 232 of the inner glass plate 23 than the high-refractive-index sub-layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.5. As shown in FIG.
  • the high-refractive index layer 31 includes three high-refractive-index sub-layers, that is, two first high-refractive-index sub-layers 311 and one second high-refractive-index sub-layer 312 .
  • the refractive index of the first high refractive index sublayer 311 is 1.8 ⁇ 2.2
  • the refractive index of the second high refractive index sublayer 312 is greater than or equal to 2.5
  • the second high refractive index sublayer 312 is arranged on the two Between the first high-refractive index sub-layers 311, that is, the specific structure of the high-refractive index layer 31 is the first high-refractive-index sub-layer 311/second high-refractive-index sub-layer 312/first high-refractive-index sub-layer 311;
  • the refractive index of the second high-refractive index sub-layer 312 is at least 0.5 greater than that of the first high-refractive-index sub-layer 311, so as to have a higher reflectivity for P-polarized light to obtain higher Quality head-up display images.
  • the present invention preferably prefers near-red light in the wavelength range of 580nm-680nm in the P-polarized light 11 incident on the transparent nano-film 3
  • any object R( ⁇ ) has the color tristimulus values X, Y, Z given the illumination source S( ⁇ ), as shown in the following formula:
  • k is the adjustment factor
  • R( ⁇ ) is the spectral reflectance of the object
  • S( ⁇ ) is the relative spectral power distribution of the light source
  • CIE National Standard Illumination Committee
  • the present invention has the ratio R1/R2 of the near-red light reflectivity R1 of the laminated glass 2 with the transparent nano-film 3 to the near-blue light reflectivity R2 of the laminated glass 2 with the transparent nano-film 3 R1/R2
  • the relative spectral power distribution of the P-polarized light 11 incident on the transparent nano-film 3 is improved, so that the head-up display (HUD) image can be removed from the reddish, yellowish and other defects at the same time.
  • HUD head-up display
  • the present invention can realize full-color display without strictly controlling the proportion of the synthesized light of the projection light source, so that the full-color display can be realized in a lower cost manner, and the selection cost of the projection light source is reduced.
  • the present invention preferably adds a filter element and/or a color filter processing algorithm in the head-up display system to make the incident light
  • the ratio T1/T2 0.1-0.9 of the near-red light ratio T1 in the wavelength range of 580nm-680nm and the near-blue light ratio T2 in the wavelength range of 420nm-470nm in the P-polarized light 11 on the transparent nano-film 3.
  • the filter element is located on the optical path of the P-polarized light, and the transmittance of the filter element to the P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the head-up display system further includes a projection control system, which is used to control the projection light source 1 to generate P-polarized light 11, and a color filter processing algorithm is added in the projection control system, and the color filter processing algorithm adopts
  • the digital image processing technology processes the P-polarized light 11 generated by the projection light source 1 , specifically, a linear method, a nonlinear method, a mask method, a color compensation method, a color correction method, and the like can be used.
  • the outer glass plate 21 is a curved glass plate with a thickness greater than or equal to 1.8 mm, for example, obtained through high temperature heat treatment at at least 560° C. and bending molding; the inner glass plate 23 can also be obtained by A curved glass sheet obtained by a high temperature heat treatment of at least 560°C and bending forming. From the viewpoint of vehicle weight reduction, the inner glass plate 23 is preferably a curved glass plate with a thickness of less than or equal to 1.6 mm.
  • the present invention also finds that when the transparent nano film 3 is deposited on the fourth surface 232 of the inner glass plate 23, a thinner inner glass plate 23 can be used to obtain a better head-up display effect.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate 23 is 0.7-1.2 mm
  • the inner glass plate 23 may be chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass, chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass, chemically strengthened borosilicate glass, body strengthened soda lime silica glass, body strengthened Aluminosilicate glass or bulk strengthened borosilicate glass, etc.
  • the chemical strengthening of the present invention is mainly to exchange ions on the glass surface through ions of different ionic radii, so that a higher surface stress is generated on the glass surface, accompanied by a certain depth of the stress layer, thereby improving the strength of the glass in terms of mechanical properties. .
  • the body-strengthened glass in the present invention refers to neither physical strengthening nor chemical strengthening, the original glass itself can be directly combined with another piece of glass to form a laminated glass, and the quality of the laminated glass conforms to the use of automotive laminated glass Standards, such as China's "GB9656-2016 Automotive Safety Glass", etc.
  • the present invention is described with the head-up display systems of Example 1-15 and Comparative Example 1-3.
  • the projection light source of Example 1-15 and Comparative Example 1-3 is a TFT-LCD projector with LED backlight, which can generate P polarization
  • the light also contains a plurality of reflecting mirrors, which adjust the position of the projection light source and the angle and incident direction of the outgoing light so that the displayed image that the observer can observe is the clearest.
  • T1 is the ratio of near-red light in the wavelength range of 580 nm to 680 nm in the P polarized light 11 incident on the transparent nanofilm 3
  • T2 is the ratio of 420 nm to 420 nm in the P polarized light 11 incident on the transparent nano film 3 .
  • the proportion of near blue light in the wavelength range of 470nm, T1 and T2 are calculated according to the following formulas:
  • k is the adjustment factor
  • R( ⁇ ) is the spectral reflectance of the object
  • S( ⁇ ) is the relative spectral power distribution of the light source
  • CIE National Standard Illumination Committee
  • R1 is the near-red light reflectance of the laminated glass with the transparent nano-film 3 in the wavelength range of 580 nm to 680 nm
  • R2 is the near-blue light of the laminated glass with the transparent nano-film 3 in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 470 nm. Reflectance, R1 and R2 are measured and calculated according to standard ISO9050.
  • the present invention obtains Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 by designing the film system structure of the transparent nano-film and adjusting the value of T1/T2 of the P-polarized light incident on the transparent nano-film.
  • Laminated glass green glass(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/white glass(2.1mm)/transparent nano film
  • Transparent nanofilm white glass/SiN(41.4nm)/TiOx(48.9nm)/SiN(13.3nm)/SiO2(112nm)
  • the incident P-polarized light is white light generated by the projection light source, without filtering or color filtering;
  • the head-up display systems of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection light source at incident angles of 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, and 75°, and project from the reflection angle corresponding to the incident angle. Observe the presented target image in the direction of the target image, and judge whether the head-up display image is reddish or yellowish based on the target image is a white spot.
  • the RGB value of the white spot is (255, 255, 255), and the observation results are included in the table. 1.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4
  • Example 5 55° 1.72 reddish yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 60° 1.90 reddish yellowish slightly yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 65° 1.77 reddish yellowish slightly yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 70° 1.51 Severely yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 75° 1.29 Severely yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased
  • the R1/R2 of the laminated glass with the transparent nanofilm is 1.29-1.90, and the white light generated by the projection light source without filter or color filter treatment in Comparative Example 1 is 55°, 60° , 65°, 70°, and 75° incident will make the target image appear reddish yellowish or severely yellowish.
  • Examples 6-10 and Comparative Example 2 are obtained by designing the film system structure of the transparent nano-film and adjusting the value of T1/T2 of the P-polarized light incident on the transparent nano-film.
  • Laminated glass green glass(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/white glass(0.7mm)/transparent nano film
  • Transparent nano film white glass/ZnSnOx(24.8nm)/SiO2(13.8nm)/ZrN(10.2nm)/TiOx(51.7nm)/ZrN(13nm)/SiO2(116nm)
  • the incident P-polarized light is white light generated by the projection light source, without filtering or color filtering;
  • the head-up display systems of Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 2 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection light source at incident angles of 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, and 75°. Observe the presented target image in the direction of the target image, and judge whether the head-up display image is reddish or yellowish based on the target image is a white spot.
  • the RGB value of the white spot is (255, 255, 255), and the observation results are included in the table. 2.
  • Example 10 55° 1.41 Severely yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 60° 1.47 Severely yellowish slightly yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 65° 1.38 Severely yellowish slightly yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased 70° 1.25 Severely yellowish unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased unbiased a
  • the R1/R2 of the laminated glass with the transparent nanofilm is 1.14-1.47, and the white light generated by the projection light source without filter or color filter treatment in Comparative Example 2 is 55°, 60° , 65°, 70°, and 75° incident will cause the target image to show a serious yellowing phenomenon.
  • the present invention obtains Examples 11-15 and Comparative Example 3 by designing the film system structure of the transparent nano-film and adjusting the value of T1/T2 of the P-polarized light incident on the transparent nano-film.
  • Laminated glass green glass(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/white glass(1.6mm)/transparent nano film
  • Transparent nano film white glass/SiN(15.4nm)/TiOx(35.1nm)/SiO2(14.5nm)/TiOx(9.4nm)/SiN(9.0nm)/SiO2(108.4nm)
  • the incident P-polarized light is white light generated by the projection light source, without filtering or color filtering;
  • the head-up display systems of Examples 11 to 15 and Comparative Example 3 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection light source at incident angles of 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, and 75°. Observe the presented target image in the direction of the target image, and judge whether the head-up display image is reddish or yellowish based on the target image is a white spot.
  • the RGB value of the white spot is (255, 255, 255), and the observation results are included in the table. 3.
  • the R1/R2 of the laminated glass with the transparent nanofilm is 1.07-1.25, and the white light generated by the projection light source without filter or color filter treatment in Comparative Example 3 is 55°, 60° , 65°, 70°, and 75° incident will cause the target image to show a serious yellowing phenomenon.

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Abstract

本发明涉及抬头显示技术领域，特别是利用透明纳米膜成像显示的抬头显示系统，具体提供一种能够消除抬头显示图像偏红、偏黄等缺陷的抬头显示系统。所述抬头显示系统包括投影光源、夹层玻璃和透明纳米膜，所述透明纳米膜包括至少一个从内玻璃板的表面向外依次沉积的高折射率层/低折射率层的叠层结构，所述投影光源用于产生P偏振光，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃的近红光反射率R1与近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.0～2.0。本发明能够消除抬头显示图像出现的偏红、偏黄等缺陷，使抬头显示图像呈现中性色，以及使抬头显示图像的颜色更加丰富以实现全彩显示，还能够以更低成本的方式实现全彩显示，降低了投影光源的选用成本。

Description

一种抬头显示系统
本申请要求于2021年03月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110330372.0、申请名称为“一种抬头显示系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及抬头显示技术领域，特别是利用透明纳米膜成像显示的抬头显示系统，具体提供一种能够消除抬头显示图像偏红、偏黄等缺陷的抬头显示系统。
背景技术
抬头显示(HUD，Head Up Display)系统被越来越多地配置到汽车上，从而能够将重要的行车信息，例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、导航以及外接智能设备的信息实时地显示在前挡风玻璃上驾驶员的视野中，这样使得驾驶员不必低头，就可以看到行车信息，从而避免分散对前方道路的注意力；同时使得驾驶员不必在观察远方的道路和近处的仪表之间调节眼睛，可以避免眼睛的疲劳，能够极大地增强行车安全和改进驾驶体验。
抬头显示系统在进行投影信息显示的同时，还存在重影问题，即除了人眼观察到的主像之外，还可能出现人眼能够识别的副像。为了减轻或消除副像，传统方法是采用楔形夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃，例如专利CN105793033B、CN111417518A、CN110709359A等公开了采用楔形PVB作为夹层玻璃的中间层或将其中一片玻璃板具有楔形横截面。
现有技术也有公开利用P偏振光和导电涂层产生HUD图像，例如专利DE102014220189A1和中国专利CN110520782A、CN111433022A、CN111433023A等，这样在实现抬头显示功能的同时，还能够实现隔热和/或电加热等功能，因此对导电涂层的光学和电学性能均要求较高。在实际产品应用时，有发现P偏振光反射产生的HUD图像容易出现偏色现象，使HUD图像出现偏红、偏黄等缺陷，严重影响HUD图像的美观和质量。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对HUD图像容易出现偏红、偏黄等缺陷，提供一种抬头显示图像质量更高的抬头显示系统。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种抬头显示系统，包括投影光源和夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板以及夹在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间的中间粘结层，所述抬头显示系统还包括透明纳米膜，所述透明纳米膜沉积在内玻璃板的最远离中间粘结层的表面上，所述透明纳米膜包括至少一个从内玻璃板的表面向外依次沉积的高折射率层/低折射率层的叠层结构，所述高折射率层的折射率大于或等于1.8，所述低折射率层的折射率小于或等于1.6；
所述投影光源用于产生P偏振光，所述P偏振光入射到所述透明纳米膜上，所述P偏振光的入射角度为55°～75°，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于8％；其特征在于：
具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃在580nm～680nm波长范围内具有的近红光反射率R1与具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃在420nm～470nm波长范围内具有的近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.0～2.0。
优选地，入射到所述透明纳米膜上的P偏振光中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与其中420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.1～0.9。
优选地，所述中间粘结层与所述内玻璃板的折射率之差小于或等于0.1。
优选地，所述中间粘结层具有楔形截面轮廓，所述楔形截面轮廓的楔角为0.01～0.18mrad。
优选地，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于15％。
优选地，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于20％。
优选地，至少一个高折射率层的折射率大于或等于2.5，其物理厚度为45～75nm。
优选地，至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层，至少一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.5，至少另一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.8～2.2。
优选地，至少一个高折射率层包括两个第一高折射率子层和一个第二高折射率子层，所述第一高折射率子层的折射率为1.8～2.2，所述第二高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.5，所述第二高折射率子层设置在所述两个第一高折射率子层之间。更优选地，所述第二高折射率子层的折射率比所述第一高折射率子层的折射率大至少0.5。
优选地，入射到所述透明纳米膜上的P偏振光中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与其中420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.4～0.8。
优选地，在所述抬头显示系统中增设滤光元件，所述滤光元件位于所述P偏振光的光路上，所述滤光元件对所述P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％。
优选地，所述抬头显示系统还包括投影控制系统，所述投影控制系统用于控制所述投影光源产生P偏振光，所述投影控制系统中增设有滤色处理算法。
优选地，所述外玻璃板为厚度大于或等于1.8mm的弯曲玻璃板，所述内玻璃板为厚度小于或等于1.6mm的弯曲玻璃板。
优选地，所述内玻璃板的厚度为0.7～1.2mm，所述内玻璃板为化学强化的钠钙硅玻璃、化学强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃、化学强化的硼硅酸盐玻璃、本体强化的钠钙硅玻璃、本体强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃或本体强化的硼硅酸盐玻璃。
优选地，所述近红光反射率R1与所述近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.07～1.9。
本发明所述的抬头显示系统能够产生清晰且无目视重影的抬头显示(HUD)图像，能够消除抬头显示(HUD)图像出现的偏红、偏黄等缺陷，获得更高质量的抬头显示图像；并且能够使抬头显示图像呈现中性色，以及使抬头显示图像的颜色更加丰富以实现全彩显示，例如在抬头显示图像中同时显示红色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、橙色和白色等不同颜色的标记或符号；还能够以更低成本的方式实现全彩显示，降低了投影光源的选用成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的抬头显示系统的结构示意图；
图2A为本发明所述的包括一个叠层结构的透明纳米膜的结构示意图；
图2B为本发明所述的包括两个叠层结构的透明纳米膜的结构示意图；
图2C为本发明所述的包括三个叠层结构的透明纳米膜的结构示意图；
图3A为本发明所述的高折射率层包括两个子层的透明纳米膜的结构示意图；
图3B为本发明所述的低折射率层包括两个子层的透明纳米膜的结构示意图；
图3C为本发明所述的高折射率层包括三个子层的透明纳米膜的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的内容作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明所述的抬头显示系统，包括投影光源1和夹层玻璃2，所述夹层玻璃2包括外玻璃板21、内玻璃板23以及夹在外玻璃板21和内玻璃板23之间的中间粘结层22，为了消除重影现象，所述抬头显示系统还包括透明纳米膜3，所述透明纳米膜3沉积在内玻璃板23的最远离中间粘结层22的表面即第四表面232上；所述投影光源1用于产生P偏振光11，P偏振光11入射到所述透明纳米膜3上，所述P偏振光11的入射角度为55～75度，具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2对所述P偏振光11的反射率大于或等于8％。本发明利用P偏振光以55～75度的角度入射时，在玻璃和空气界面上反射率较低而所述透明纳米膜3对P偏振光的反射率较高的特性，使得目视观察夹层玻璃上的反射成像时仅仅观察到透明纳米膜的反射像作为主像，从而消除目视重影现象。
在本发明中，所述外玻璃板21具有第一表面211和第二表面212，所述第一表面211朝向车辆外部设置且最远离所述中间粘结层22，所述第二表面212靠近所述中间粘结层22；所述内玻璃板23具有第三表面231和第四表面232，所述第三表面231靠近所述中间粘结层22，所述第四表面232朝向车辆内部设置且最远离所述中间粘结层22；所述第二表面212和所述第三表面231通过所述中间粘结层22粘接在一起，以形成夹层玻璃2。
所述中间粘结层22可以选用聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、离子性中间层(SGP)或聚氨酯(PU)等中的至少一种。优选地，所述中间粘结层22与所述内玻璃板23的折射率 之差小于或等于0.1，以获得更高质量的抬头显示图像。当然，所述中间粘结层22可以为单层结构或多层结构，多层结构可以举例有双层结构、三层结构、四层结构、五层结构等。所述中间粘结层22还可以具有其他功能，例如设置至少一个着色区用作阴影带从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰，或者增添红外线吸收剂从而具有防晒或隔热功能，或者增添紫外线吸收剂从而具有隔紫外线功能，又或者多层结构的所述中间粘结层22的其中一层的增塑剂含量更高从而具有隔音功能。为了消除车辆外部环境中的景物透过挡风玻璃产生的透视重影，优选所述中间粘结层22具有楔形截面轮廓，所述楔形截面轮廓的楔角为0.01～0.18mrad，例如0.01mard、0.02mrad、0.03mrad、0.04mrad、0.05mrad、0.06mrad、0.07mrad、0.08mrad、0.09mrad、0.10mrad、0.11mrad、0.12mrad、0.13mrad、0.14mrad、0.15mrad、0.16mard、0.17mard、0.18mrad等，这样仅通过使用较小楔角的中间粘结层22，就能够以低成本的方式同时消除反射重影和透视重影，从而获得更高质量的抬头显示图像和观察效果。
在图1中，所述投影光源1产生的P偏振光11以55～75度的θ角入射到所述透明纳米膜3上，所述透明纳米膜3可以直接反射部分P偏振光11以形成反射光12，反射光12能够直接进入观察者100的眼睛，形成抬头显示(HUD)主像；由于所述透明纳米膜3的厚度很薄且入射角θ接近于布儒斯特角(约57°)，所以透过所述透明纳米膜3的部分P偏振光在所述第四表面232上基本不发生反射且传播方向基本不变，进入夹层玻璃2后的P偏振光再次进入观察者100的眼睛的反射光的强度相当微弱甚至接近于零，从而使观察者100难以察觉重影的存在，此时的抬头显示(HUD)图像清晰无目视重影，具有良好的显示效果。
其中，所述投影光源1用于输出相关文字、图像信息例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、动态导航、夜视、实景地图等到夹层玻璃2上，从而被车内的观察者100所观察到，实现抬头显示(HUD)，甚至增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD)。所述投影光源1为本领域技术人员已知的元件，包括但不限于激光、发光二极管(LED)、液晶显示屏(LCD)、数字光处理(DLP)、电致发光(EL)、阴极射线管(CRT)、真空荧光管(VFD)、准直镜、球面校正镜、凸透镜、凹透镜、反射镜和/或偏振镜等。同时，投影光源1的位置和入射角度是可调的，以适合车内 不同位置或高度的观察者100。
具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2可以直接反射至少8％的P偏振光11以形成抬头显示主像，所述透明纳米膜3具体包括至少一个从内玻璃板23的第四表面232向外依次沉积的高折射率层31/低折射率层32的叠层结构，所述高折射率层31的折射率大于或等于1.8，优选地大于或等于2.0，更优选地大于或等于2.2，进一步地，所述高折射率层31选自Zn、Sn、Ti、Nb、Zr、Ni、In、Al、Ce、W、Mo、Sb、Bi元素的氧化物及其混合物，或Si、Al、Zr、Y、Ce、La元素的氮化物、氮氧化物及其混合物中的至少一种，具体地可以为TiOx、NbOx、HfO2、ZnSnOx、TaOx、MoOx、ZrOx、CeO2、WO3、BiOx或SiZrNx等；所述低折射率层32的折射率小于或等于1.6，优选地小于或等于1.5，进一步地，所述低折射率层32选自SiO2、Al2O3及其混合物中的至少一种，具体地可以为SiAlOx。
优选地，具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2对所述P偏振光11的反射率大于或等于15％；具体地，具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2在580nm～680nm波长范围内具有的近红光反射率R1与具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2在420nm～470nm波长范围内具有的近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.0～2.0，具体可以举例1.0、1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9或2.0等，更优选R1/R2＝1.07～1.9，从而能够对P偏振光有更高的反射率以获得更高质量的抬头显示图像。
如图2A所示，可以举例所述透明纳米膜3包括一个高折射率层31/低折射率层32的叠层结构，即内玻璃板23/高折射率层31/低折射率层32；如图2B所示，可以举例所述透明纳米膜3包括两个高折射率层31/低折射率层32的叠层结构，即内玻璃板23/第一高折射率层31/第一低折射率层32/第二高折射率层31/第二低折射率层32；如图2C所示，可以举例所述透明纳米膜3包括三个高折射率层31/低折射率层32的叠层结构，即内玻璃板23/第一高折射率层31/第一低折射率层32/第二高折射率层31/第二低折射率层32/第三高折射率层31/第三低折射率层32；当然，也可以举例所述透明纳米膜3包括四个高折射率层/低折射率层的叠层结构，即内玻璃板23/第一高折射率层/第一低折射率层/第二高折射率层/ 第二低折射率层/第三高折射率层/第三低折射率层/第四高折射率层/第四低折射率层。这样通过合理地设计高折射率层和低折射率层的膜层材料和膜层厚度，能够使其具有优秀的机械、化学和热稳定性，保证了优秀的耐久性。优选地，所述透明纳米膜3对所述P偏振光11的反射率大于或等于20％，从而获得更高质量的抬头显示图像。具体地，至少一个高折射率层31的折射率大于或等于2.5，其物理厚度为45～75nm。
在所述高折射率层31/低折射率层32的叠层结构中，高折射率层31和/或低折射率层32还可以进一步地包括至少两个子层，即所述高折射率层31包括至少两个高折射率子层，所述低折射率层32包括至少两个低折射率子层；如图3A所示，可以举例所述高折射率层31包括第一高折射率子层311和第二高折射率子层312，即内玻璃板23/第一高折射率子层311/第二高折射率子层312/低折射率层32；并且优选地，高折射率层31中靠近内玻璃板23的子层即第一高折射率子层311的折射率低于远离内玻璃板23的子层即第二高折射率子层312的折射率；如图3B所示，可以举例所述低折射率层32包括第一低折射率子层321和第二低折射率子层322，即内玻璃板23/高折射率层31/第一低折射率子层321/第二低折射率子层322；当然，还可以举例所述高折射率层31包括第一高折射率子层和第二高折射率子层，且所述低折射率层32包括第一低折射率子层和第二低折射率子层，即内玻璃板23/第一高折射率子层/第二高折射率子层/第一低折射率子层/第二低折射率子层。
当所述高折射率层31包括至少两个高折射率子层时，优选至少一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.5，至少另一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.8～2.2，折射率为1.8～2.2的高折射率子层比折射率大于或等于2.5的高折射率子层更靠近所述内玻璃板23的第四表面232。如图3C所示，具体可以举例所述高折射率层31包括三个高折射率子层，即包括两个第一高折射率子层311和一个第二高折射率子层312，所述第一高折射率子层311的折射率为1.8～2.2，所述第二高折射率子层312的折射率大于或等于2.5，所述第二高折射率子层312设置在所述两个第一高折射率子层311之间，即所述高折射率层31的具体结构为第一高折射率子层311/第二高折射率子层312/第一高折射率子层311；优选地，所述第二高折 射率子层312的折射率比所述第一高折射率子层311的折射率大至少0.5，从而能够对P偏振光有更高的反射率以获得更高质量的抬头显示图像。
为了更好地消除抬头显示(HUD)图像出现的偏红、偏黄等缺陷，本发明优选入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与其中420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.1～0.9，具体可以举例0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8或0.9等，更优选T1/T2＝0.4～0.8。根据色度学理论，任何物体R(λ)在给定照明光源S(λ)情况下，所具有的颜色三刺激值X,Y,Z，如以下公式所示：
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000003
其中，k为调整因子，R(λ)为物体光谱反射率，S(λ)为光源相对光谱功率分布，
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000005
为CIE(国标照明委员会)标准观察者光谱三刺激值，dλ为波长间隔。根据上述公式可知，本发明在具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2的近红光反射率R1与具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃2的近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2的基础上，改善了入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11的相对光谱功率分布，从而在消除抬头显示(HUD)图像出现的偏红、偏黄等缺陷的同时，还能够使抬头显示图像呈现中性色，以及使抬头显示图像的颜色更加丰富以实现全彩显示，例如在抬头显示图像中同时显示红色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、橙色和白色等不同颜色的标记或符号；并且，本发明无须对投影光源的合成光的比例做严苛控制即可实现全彩显示，从而能够以更低成本的方式实现全彩显示，降低了投影光源的选用成本。
为了改善了入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11的相对光谱功率分布，本发明优选在所述抬头显示系统中增设滤光元件和/或滤色处理算法，用于使入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.1～0.9。所述滤光元件位于所述P偏振光的光路上，所述滤光元件对所述P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％，具体可以举例为滤光片、滤光膜、 胶片、滤光镜、微纳米阵列等，所述滤光元件可以位于所述投影光源1的内部，或位于所述投影光源1和夹层玻璃2之间。所述抬头显示系统还包括投影控制系统，所述投影控制系统用于控制所述投影光源1产生P偏振光11，所述投影控制系统中增设有滤色处理算法，所述滤色处理算法采用数字图像处理技术对所述投影光源1产生的P偏振光11进行处理，具体可以举例为线性法、非线性法、掩膜法、颜色补偿法、颜色校正法等。
为了满足汽车玻璃的使用安全要求，所述外玻璃板21选用厚度大于或等于1.8mm的弯曲玻璃板，例如经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型获得；所述内玻璃板23也可以选用经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型获得的弯曲玻璃板。从汽车轻量化的角度考虑，所述内玻璃板23优选为厚度小于或等于1.6mm的弯曲玻璃板。本发明还发现在内玻璃板23的第四表面232上沉积有透明纳米膜3时，选用更薄的内玻璃板23能够获得更好的抬头显示效果，优选所述内玻璃板23的厚度为0.7～1.2mm，所述内玻璃板23可以为化学强化的钠钙硅玻璃、化学强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃、化学强化的硼硅酸盐玻璃、本体强化的钠钙硅玻璃、本体强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃或本体强化的硼硅酸盐玻璃等。本发明所述的化学强化主要是通过不同离子半径的离子在玻璃表面进行离子交换，使玻璃表面产生较高的表面应力，并伴随有一定的应力层深度，从而提高玻璃在力学性能方面的强度。本发明所述的本体强化玻璃是指既不需要经过物理强化、也不需要经过化学强化，原片玻璃本身就可直接配合另一片玻璃形成夹层玻璃，并且夹层玻璃的质量符合汽车夹层玻璃的使用标准，例如中国的《GB9656-2016汽车安全玻璃》等。
实施例
下面，举出一些本发明的实施例进一步说明，但本发明不限于以下实施例。
本发明以实施例1-15和对比例1-3的抬头显示系统进行说明，实施例1-15和对比例1-3的投影光源选用LED背光的TFT-LCD投影机，其能够产生P偏振光，还包含多个反射镜，调节投影光源的位置和出射光的角度入射方向使观察者能够观察到的显示图像达到最清晰。
T1为入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例，T2为入射到所述透明纳米膜3上的P偏振光11中的420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例，T1和T2分别依据以下公式计算获得：
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000007
其中，k为调整因子，R(λ)为物体光谱反射率，S(λ)为光源相对光谱功率分布，
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021129114-appb-000009
为CIE(国标照明委员会)标准观察者光谱三刺激值，dλ为波长间隔。
R1为具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃在580nm～680nm波长范围内具有的近红光反射率，R2为具有所述透明纳米膜3的夹层玻璃在420nm～470nm波长范围内具有的近蓝光反射率，R1和R2根据标准ISO9050进行测量计算。
实施例1-5和对比例1
本发明通过设计透明纳米膜的膜系结构和调整入射到透明纳米膜上的P偏振光的T1/T2的值获得实施例1-5和对比例1。
夹层玻璃：绿玻(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/白玻(2.1mm)/透明纳米膜
透明纳米膜：白玻/SiN(41.4nm)/TiOx(48.9nm)/SiN(13.3nm)/SiO2(112nm)
实施例1：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.8
实施例2：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.7
实施例3：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.6
实施例4：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.5
实施例5：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.4
对比例1：入射P偏振光为投影光源产生的白光，不做滤光或滤色处理；
实施例1～5和对比例1的抬头显示系统将投影光源产生的P偏振光以55°、60°、65°、 70°、75°为入射角进行投影，从与入射角对应的反射角的方向观察呈现的目标图像，以目标图像是白色光斑为标准进行判断抬头显示图像是否偏红或偏黄，所述白色光斑的RGB值为(255，255，255)，将观察结果计入表1。
表1：实施例1-5和对比例1的抬头显示图像质量
入射角 R1/R2 对比例1 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
55° 1.72 偏红偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
60° 1.90 偏红偏黄 微偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
65° 1.77 偏红偏黄 微偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
70° 1.51 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
75° 1.29 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
从表1中可以看出，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃的R1/R2为1.29-1.90，对比例1采用不做滤光或滤色处理的投影光源产生的白光以55°、60°、65°、70°、75°入射时均会使目标图像呈现偏红偏黄或严重偏黄现象，实施例1-5采用的T1/T2＝0.4-0.8的入射P偏振光能够使目标图像为标准白色光斑，不会出现偏红或偏黄现象；实施例1在60°和65°入射时虽然呈现微偏黄现象，但显著改善了偏红现象，且微偏黄现象不影响抬头显示图像的观察效果。
实施例6-10和对比例2
本发明通过设计透明纳米膜的膜系结构和调整入射到透明纳米膜上的P偏振光的T1/T2的值获得实施例6-10和对比例2。
夹层玻璃：绿玻(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/白玻(0.7mm)/透明纳米膜
透明纳米膜：白玻/ZnSnOx(24.8nm)/SiO2(13.8nm)/ZrN(10.2nm)/TiOx(51.7nm)/ZrN(13nm)/SiO2(116nm)
实施例6：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.8
实施例7：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.7
实施例8：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.6
实施例9：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.5
实施例10：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.4
对比例2：入射P偏振光为投影光源产生的白光，不做滤光或滤色处理；
实施例6～10和对比例2的抬头显示系统将投影光源产生的P偏振光以55°、60°、65°、70°、75°为入射角进行投影，从与入射角对应的反射角的方向观察呈现的目标图像，以目标图像是白色光斑为标准进行判断抬头显示图像是否偏红或偏黄，所述白色光斑的RGB值为(255，255，255)，将观察结果计入表2。
表2：实施例6-10和对比例2的抬头显示图像质量
入射角 R1/R2 对比例2 实施例6 实施例7 实施例8 实施例9 实施例10
55° 1.41 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
60° 1.47 严重偏黄 微偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
65° 1.38 严重偏黄 微偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
70° 1.25 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
75° 1.14 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
从表2中可以看出，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃的R1/R2为1.14-1.47，对比例2采用不做滤光或滤色处理的投影光源产生的白光以55°、60°、65°、70°、75°入射时均会使目标图像呈现严重偏黄现象，实施例6-10采用的T1/T2＝0.4-0.8的入射P偏振光能够使目标图像为标准白色光斑，不会出现偏黄现象；虽然实施例6在60°和65°入射时呈现微偏黄现象，但不影响抬头显示图像的观察效果。
实施例11-15和对比例3
本发明通过设计透明纳米膜的膜系结构和调整入射到透明纳米膜上的P偏振光的T1/T2的值获得实施例11-15和对比例3。
夹层玻璃：绿玻(2.1mm)/PVB(0.76mm)/白玻(1.6mm)/透明纳米膜
透明纳米膜：白玻/SiN(15.4nm)/TiOx(35.1nm)/SiO2(14.5nm)/TiOx(9.4nm)/SiN(9.0nm)/SiO2(108.4nm)
实施例11：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.8
实施例12：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.7
实施例13：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.6
实施例14：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.5
实施例15：入射P偏振光的T1/T2＝0.4
对比例3：入射P偏振光为投影光源产生的白光，不做滤光或滤色处理；
实施例11～15和对比例3的抬头显示系统将投影光源产生的P偏振光以55°、60°、65°、70°、75°为入射角进行投影，从与入射角对应的反射角的方向观察呈现的目标图像，以目标图像是白色光斑为标准进行判断抬头显示图像是否偏红或偏黄，所述白色光斑的RGB值为(255，255，255)，将观察结果计入表3。
表3：实施例11-15和对比例3的抬头显示图像质量
入射角 R1/R2 对比例3 实施例11 实施例12 实施例13 实施例14 实施例15
55° 1.14 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
60° 1.25 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
65° 1.23 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
70° 1.15 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
75° 1.07 严重偏黄 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏 不偏
从表3中可以看出，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃的R1/R2为1.07-1.25，对比例3采用不做滤光或滤色处理的投影光源产生的白光以55°、60°、65°、70°、75°入射时均会使目标图像呈现严重偏黄现象，实施例11-15采用的T1/T2＝0.4-0.8的入射P偏振光能够使目标图像为标准白色光斑，不会出现偏黄现象。
以上内容对本发明所述的抬头显示系统进行了具体描述，但是本发明不受以上描述的 具体实施方式内容的局限，所以凡依据本发明的技术要点进行的任何改进、等同修改和替换等，均属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种抬头显示系统，包括投影光源和夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板以及夹在外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间的中间粘结层，所述抬头显示系统还包括透明纳米膜，所述透明纳米膜沉积在内玻璃板的最远离中间粘结层的表面上，所述透明纳米膜包括至少一个从内玻璃板的表面向外依次沉积的高折射率层/低折射率层的叠层结构，所述高折射率层的折射率大于或等于1.8，所述低折射率层的折射率小于或等于1.6；
    所述投影光源用于产生P偏振光，所述P偏振光入射到所述透明纳米膜上，所述P偏振光的入射角度为55°～75°，具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于8％；其特征在于：
    具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃在580nm～680nm波长范围内具有的近红光反射率R1与具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃在420nm～470nm波长范围内具有的近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.0～2.0。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：入射到所述透明纳米膜上的P偏振光中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与其中420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.1～0.9。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述中间粘结层与所述内玻璃板的折射率之差小于或等于0.1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述中间粘结层具有楔形截面轮廓，所述楔形截面轮廓的楔角为0.01～0.18mrad。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于15％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：具有所述透明纳米膜的夹层玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率大于或等于20％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：至少一个高折射率层的折射率 大于或等于2.5，其物理厚度为45～75nm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层，至少一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.5，至少另一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.8～2.2。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：至少一个高折射率层包括两个第一高折射率子层和一个第二高折射率子层，所述第一高折射率子层的折射率为1.8～2.2，所述第二高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.5，所述第二高折射率子层设置在所述两个第一高折射率子层之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述第二高折射率子层的折射率比所述第一高折射率子层的折射率大至少0.5。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：入射到所述透明纳米膜上的P偏振光中的580nm～680nm波长范围内的近红光比例T1与其中420nm～470nm波长范围内的近蓝光比例T2之比T1/T2＝0.4～0.8。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：在所述抬头显示系统中增设滤光元件，所述滤光元件位于所述P偏振光的光路上，所述滤光元件对所述P偏振光的透过率大于或等于80％。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述抬头显示系统还包括投影控制系统，所述投影控制系统用于控制所述投影光源产生P偏振光，所述投影控制系统中增设有滤色处理算法。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述外玻璃板为厚度大于或等于1.8mm的弯曲玻璃板，所述内玻璃板为厚度小于或等于1.6mm的弯曲玻璃板。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述内玻璃板的厚度为0.7～1.2mm，所述内玻璃板为化学强化的钠钙硅玻璃、化学强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃、化学强化的硼硅酸盐玻璃、本体强化的钠钙硅玻璃、本体强化的铝硅酸盐玻璃或本体强化的硼硅酸盐 玻璃。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于：所述近红光反射率R1与所述近蓝光反射率R2之比R1/R2＝1.07～1.9。
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