WO2022217824A1 - 电机、压缩机和风机 - Google Patents

电机、压缩机和风机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217824A1
WO2022217824A1 PCT/CN2021/117708 CN2021117708W WO2022217824A1 WO 2022217824 A1 WO2022217824 A1 WO 2022217824A1 CN 2021117708 W CN2021117708 W CN 2021117708W WO 2022217824 A1 WO2022217824 A1 WO 2022217824A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
core
iron core
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/117708
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚叔春
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Midea Welling Motor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Midea Welling Motor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd, Midea Welling Motor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority to EP21936695.2A priority Critical patent/EP4287463A4/en
Publication of WO2022217824A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217824A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/265—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/20—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors having deep-bar rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motor equipment, and in particular, to a motor, a compressor and a fan.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.
  • a first aspect of the present application is to propose a motor.
  • a second aspect of the present application is to propose a compressor.
  • a third aspect of the present application is to provide a fan.
  • a motor including a rotor iron core, a rotor slot and a stator iron core.
  • the rotor slot is provided through the rotor iron core, and the rotor slot is inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the stator iron core is arranged on one side of the rotor iron core.
  • the stator core includes stator teeth facing the rotor core, air gaps are formed between the stator teeth and the rotor core, and at least a part of the air gaps are not equal.
  • the motor provided by the present application includes a rotor iron core, a rotor slot and a stator iron core.
  • the rotor slot is arranged on the rotor iron core, and the rotor slot is arranged through the rotor iron core. That is, along the extending direction of the rotor slot, the rotor slot includes two ends, and both ends of the rotor slot are located on the axial end face of the rotor core. Further, the rotor slot is inclined relative to the axial direction of the rotor core, that is, the extension direction of the rotor slot is non-axial, and there is an included angle between the rotor slot and the axial end face of the rotor core, that is, the rotor slot is inclined. groove.
  • stator iron core is arranged on one side of the rotor iron core, that is to say, the stator iron core is located inside the rotor iron core, that is, the rotor iron core is the outer rotor.
  • a stator core is provided inside the annular rotor core.
  • the stator iron core is located outside the rotor iron core, that is, the rotor iron core is the inner rotor.
  • the stator iron core is annular, and the rotor iron core is located inside the annular stator iron core.
  • the stator core includes stator teeth facing the rotor core.
  • the stator teeth and the outer circumference of the rotor core form an air gap.
  • the stator teeth and the inner circle of the rotor core form an air gap.
  • the air gap formed between the stator teeth and the rotor core the air gap generally extends in the circumferential direction, and the air gap includes air gap lengths at different positions, and at least a part of the air gaps have different lengths, that is, the stator teeth
  • the air gap between the rotor core and the rotor core is not exactly equal or completely different.
  • the inclined rotor slots are arranged on the rotor iron core, and the non-equivalent or completely unequal air gaps are formed between the stator teeth and the rotor iron core, so as to reduce the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation and improve the motor output. Performance requirements, so that the motor's starting additional torque and rated performance can match each other. Specifically, by inclining the rotor slots with respect to the axial direction, the additional starting torque of the motor can be weakened, so that the matching of the working points of the motor can meet the target value.
  • the stator teeth include a circular arc segment and a cut arc segment located on the axial end face and connected to each other, the distance between the circular arc segment and the rotor core is the first air gap g 1 , and the cut arc segment is The maximum distance between the arc segment and the rotor core is the second air gap g 2 , where 1.5g 1 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 6g 1 .
  • the stator teeth include a tooth root and a tooth shoe
  • the tooth shoe is connected to the end of the tooth root close to the rotor core
  • the tooth shoe includes a tooth wall facing the rotor core
  • a gas can be formed between the tooth wall and the rotor core. gap.
  • the tooth wall includes a circular arc segment and a cut arc segment on the axial end face. It is worth noting that the axial end face refers to the plane perpendicular to the axial direction, that is, the cross section of the stator teeth.
  • the arc segment and the arc segment are connected.
  • the rotor iron core includes the largest outer contour surface, the largest outer contour surface includes the largest outer contour circle on the axial end face, and the air gap between the stator teeth and the rotor iron core is the distance between the specified subtooth and the largest outer contour circle.
  • the rotor core located on the outside of the stator core includes the minimum inner contour surface, the minimum inner contour surface includes the smallest inner contour circle on the axial end face, and between the stator teeth and the rotor core The air gap is the distance between the specified subtooth and the smallest inner contour circle.
  • the distance between any point on the arc segment and the air gap formed between the largest outer contour circle is the same, the air gap is the first air gap, and the first air gap is Minimum air gap.
  • the arc-cutting segment includes a first end point and a second end point that are opposite to each other, the first end point is connected to the arc segment, and the distance between the first end point and the second end point from the largest outer contour circle Unequal, that is, the air gap formed between the cut arc segment and the largest outer contour circle is unequal.
  • the air gap formed between the cut arc segment and the largest outer contour circle gradually becomes larger, and the largest air gap between the arc cut segment and the largest outer contour circle is the second air gap.
  • the first air gap and the second air gap satisfy the aforementioned relationship, so as to meet the requirements of reducing the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation and improving the output performance of the motor, so that the additional starting torque of the motor and the rated performance can match each other.
  • the arc-cutting segment can be a straight line segment, and the arc-cutting segment can also be a curved segment.
  • the plurality of arc-cutting segments include straight line segments and/or curve segments.
  • the arc-cutting segment includes a first line segment and a second line segment, and the first line segment and the second line segment are respectively located on opposite sides of the circular arc segment.
  • the number of arc cutting segments may be multiple, and the multiple arc cutting segments include a first line segment and a second line segment, and the first line segment and the second line segment are respectively located on opposite sides of the circular arc segment.
  • the stator teeth include a first line segment, a circular arc segment and a second line segment, that is, the tooth wall of the stator teeth facing the rotor core includes three segments.
  • the first line segment and the second line segment can be prepared by cutting.
  • the wall surface of the stator teeth facing the rotor core can be a circular arc in the initial state.
  • the arc cutting method By cutting on both sides of the stator teeth in the circumferential direction, that is, the arc cutting method is adopted, and the maximum distance of the arc cutting is g 2 ⁇ g 1 , and the maximum distance of arc cutting and the minimum air gap between the stator iron core and the rotor iron core (the first air gap g 1 ) satisfy the aforementioned relationship, so that the motor output performance can be improved.
  • the number of the first line segment is at least one.
  • the numbers of the first line segment and the second line segment correspond one-to-one.
  • the number of the first line segment is one, and the number of the second line segment is also one.
  • the number of the second line segment can also be multiple, and the number of the second line segment and the number of the first line segment can also be different.
  • the tooth wall of the stator teeth includes three segments along the circumferential direction, namely the first line segment, the circular arc segment and the second line segment.
  • the number of the first line segment and the second line segment can also be x, x ⁇ 2.
  • the tooth wall of the stator tooth includes 2x+1 segments along the circumferential direction, specifically the xth A line segment, an arc segment, and x second line segments.
  • Various shapes of the tooth walls of the stator teeth can be realized through at least one first line segment and a second line segment, so that the length of the air gap formed between the tooth walls of different shapes and the rotor core can be more suitable for the needs, which can effectively improve the Motor output performance.
  • the angle formed by the connection between the two ends of the first line segment and the center of the stator iron core is ⁇ 1
  • the angle between the two ends of the second line segment and the center of the stator iron core is ⁇ 1
  • the first line segment includes a first end point and a second end point that are opposite to each other, the first end point is connected to the circular arc segment, and the first end point and the second end point are separated from the maximum outer
  • the distances between the contour circles are unequal, and the distances between the first and second end points from the center of the stator core are also unequal.
  • the center of the stator iron core is the intersection point of the central axis of the designated sub-iron core on the cross section, and the intersection point is located in the same plane as the circular arc segment and the cut arc segment.
  • the connecting line between the first end point and the second end point and the center of the stator iron core respectively forms an included angle ⁇ 1 .
  • the connecting line between the two ends of the second line segment and the center of the stator iron core forms an angle ⁇ 1 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the circular arc segment is ⁇ 0 , which satisfies ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the arc segment is ⁇ 0 , which satisfies ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 , that is, the length of the arc segment in the circumferential direction is greater than the projected length of the first line segment and the second line segment in the circumferential direction, that is, Said, for the air gap, the air gap is divided into a first air gap segment with equal air gap length and a second air gap segment with unequal length, and the circumferential length of the first air gap segment is greater than or equal to the second air gap segment
  • the circumferential length of that is, for a stator tooth, along the circumferential direction, the air gap length first decreases from the second air gap to the first air gap, then stabilizes at the first air gap, and then changes from the first air gap to the first air gap.
  • the air gap increases to a second air gap.
  • first line segment and the second line segment are symmetrical along a radially extending line passing through the midpoint of the circular arc segment.
  • first line segment and the second line segment are symmetrical along a line extending radially through the midpoint of the circular arc segment, that is, the first line segment and the second line segment are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the circular arc segment , that is, the first line segment and the second line segment are left-right symmetrical.
  • the stator core further includes a yoke, the stator teeth are connected to the yoke, the number of stator teeth is multiple, and two adjacent stator teeth among the multiple stator teeth and the yoke form a stator groove.
  • the number Z2 of rotor slots is greater than the number Z1 of stator slots.
  • the stator core further includes a yoke.
  • the yoke is annular, the stator teeth are connected to the yoke, the number of stator teeth is multiple, and the multiple stator teeth are connected to the yoke at intervals.
  • two adjacent stator teeth among the plurality of stator teeth and the yoke form a stator slot.
  • the number Z2 of rotor slots is greater than the number Z1 of stator slots.
  • the rotor core includes a plurality of rotor punching pieces, and the plurality of rotor punching pieces are stacked in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core further includes a slot body, which penetrates through the axial direction and is arranged on each rotor punching piece at intervals, and the groove bodies on the plurality of rotor punching pieces communicate with each other to form a rotor slot, wherein two adjacent rotors among the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to each other.
  • the punching piece includes a first punching piece and a second punching piece, and the second punching piece is deflected relative to the first punching piece to make the rotor slot inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the rotor core includes a plurality of rotor fins, which are stacked axially.
  • the rotor core further includes a slot body, which penetrates through the axial direction and is arranged on each rotor punching piece at intervals, and the groove bodies on the plurality of rotor punching pieces communicate with each other to form a rotor slot, wherein two adjacent rotors among the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to each other.
  • the punching piece includes a first punching piece and a second punching piece. The second punching piece is deflected relative to the first punching piece so that the rotor slot is inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the slot body forms a rotor slot, and the rotor slot is an oblique slot.
  • the rotor core includes a third punching piece and a fourth punching piece respectively located at both ends of the axial direction, and the deflection angle of the third punching piece relative to the fourth punching piece is ⁇ sk , wherein, 1.46g 1 ⁇ sk ⁇ Z 2 /2 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 3g 1 .
  • the rotor core includes a third punch and a fourth punch located at both ends in the axial direction, that is to say, the rotor punch located at the axial top end of the rotor core is the third punch, located at the rotor core
  • the rotor punching piece at the axial end is the fourth punching piece, so that the deflection angle of the third punching piece relative to the fourth punching piece, the maximum distance g 2 -g 1 of the arc cutting, and the number of rotor slots on the rotor core meet the aforementioned requirements. relationship to meet the needs of reducing low-speed harmonic torque fluctuations and improving output performance.
  • Both arc cutting and oblique groove can improve the additional torque for motor starting. However, arc cutting and oblique groove will cause the drop of the maximum torque and rated torque, and it is difficult to quickly balance between multiple operating points. match.
  • the maximum torque of the motor is T max
  • the rated torque of the motor is T N
  • the starting torque of the motor is T st
  • ⁇ sk2 is the optimal deflection angle corresponding to the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation of the motor.
  • the method of working point matching design is used to match the arc cutting and rotor slots to meet the requirements of reducing low-speed harmonic torque fluctuations and improving output performance.
  • the performance target requirements are T st *, T max * and T N *, the specific operation method is as follows:
  • the working points A, B, C, D, and E are calculated for different arc cutting sizes g 2 -g 1 , and the starting torque T st increases accordingly.
  • the maximum torque T max and rated torque T N increase first and then decrease, and the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation of ⁇ T ls gradually decreases.
  • the range of g 2 -g 1 can be selected as MN according to the target values Tst*, Tmax* and TN*. Further in this example, g 2 -g 1 does not consider the rotor slot condition, g 1 ⁇ g 2 -g 1 ⁇ 3.75g 1 . Select g 2 -g 1 when ⁇ T ls is small, and calculate the starting torque T st , the maximum torque T max and the rated torque T N at this time.
  • the additional starting torque needs to be further weakened by the rotor slot.
  • the matching of the working point needs to meet the target value at the same time, and at the same time reduce the additional starting torque as much as possible.
  • the compensation coefficient k comp f -1 (min(k(T max ),k(T N ),k(T st) ))/(2 ⁇ /Z 2 ), the specific introduction of the judgment
  • the rotor slot angle in the rotor core is ⁇ sk2 , which is the optimal corresponding rotor slot angle for the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation ⁇ T ls .
  • the motor further includes guide bars, the guide bars are arranged in the rotor slots, the maximum radius of the rotor iron core is R, and the axial length of the rotor iron core is L, wherein the guide bars are connected to the rotor.
  • the motor also includes a guide bar, which is arranged in the rotor slot, the maximum radius of the rotor iron core is R, and the axial length of the rotor iron core is L, wherein the guide bar and the axial end face of the rotor iron core.
  • the motor further includes end caps, and the end caps are arranged at both axial ends of the rotor core.
  • the end cover and the guide bar are integrally formed on the rotor core.
  • the motor further includes a stator winding, the stator winding is arranged on the plurality of stator teeth, and a part of the stator winding is located in the stator slot.
  • the motor further includes end caps, which are arranged at both axial ends of the rotor core.
  • the end cover and the guide bar are integrally formed on the rotor core.
  • the end cover and the guide bar use a cast aluminum process to form an assembly, which can be fixed on the rotor iron core during the aluminum casting process, and has excellent connection performance.
  • the motor further includes a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is located in the shaft hole of the rotor iron core, and the rotating shaft can rotate with the rotor iron core.
  • the motor further includes a casing, the casing is fixed outside the stator iron core, and the rotating shaft is also connected with the end face of the casing.
  • the motor further includes stator windings, the stator windings are arranged on a plurality of stator teeth, and a part of the stator windings are located in the stator slots. Specifically, the stator windings are arranged on the stator iron core by means of concentrated windings.
  • a compressor including the motor provided by any of the above designs.
  • the compressor provided by the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • a fan including the motor provided by any of the above designs.
  • the fan provided by the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial structural schematic diagram of a stator iron core and a rotor iron core in a motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of a rotor core of an electric machine according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a rotor core of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the influence of the length of the air gap and the rotor slot in the motor on the working point according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of torque of a motor under different air gap lengths according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the torque of the motor at a deflection angle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • stator core 10 stator teeth, 10a arc segment, 10b first line segment, 10c second line segment, 11 tooth shoe, 12 tooth root, 13 air gap, 14 yoke,
  • the motor 8 , the compressor and the fan provided according to some embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 .
  • a motor 8 is provided, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , which includes a rotor core 4 , a rotor slot and a stator core 1 .
  • the rotor slots are provided through the rotor iron core 4, and the rotor slots are inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the stator core 1 is provided on one side of the rotor core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 , and there is an air gap 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 , and at least a part of the air gap 13 is not equal.
  • the motor 8 provided by the present application includes a rotor iron core 4 , a rotor slot and a stator iron core 1 .
  • the rotor slot is provided on the rotor iron core 4
  • the rotor slot is provided through the rotor iron core 4 . That is, along the extending direction of the rotor slot, the rotor slot includes two ends, and both ends of the rotor slot are located on the axial end face of the rotor core 4 .
  • the rotor slot is inclined relative to the axial direction of the rotor core 4, that is, the extension direction of the rotor slot is non-axial, and there is an included angle between the rotor slot and the axial end face of the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor slot for the chute.
  • stator iron core 1 is arranged on one side of the rotor iron core 4, that is to say, the stator iron core 1 is located inside the rotor iron core 4, that is, the rotor iron core 4 is the outer rotor.
  • the rotor The iron core 4 has an annular shape, and the stator iron core 1 is provided inside the annular rotor iron core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 is located outside the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor core 4 is an inner rotor.
  • the stator core 1 is annular, and the rotor core 4 is located inside the annular stator core 1. .
  • stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the outer circumference of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the inner circle of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • the air gaps 13 generally extend in the circumferential direction, the air gaps 13 include the lengths of the air gaps 13 at different positions, and at least a part of the air gaps 13 have different lengths , that is, the air gaps 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 are not completely equal or completely unequal.
  • the inclined rotor slots are arranged on the rotor iron core 4, and the air gaps 13 that are not completely equal or completely different are formed between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor iron core 4, so as to meet the requirements of reducing the harmonic torque fluctuation.
  • the starting additional torque of the motor 8 and the rated performance can be matched with each other. Specifically, by inclining the rotor slots relative to the axial direction, the additional starting torque of the motor 8 can be weakened, so that the matching of the working points of the motor 8 can meet the target value.
  • the stator tooth 10 includes a circular arc segment 10a and a cut arc segment that are located on the axial end surface and are connected to each other, and the distance between the circular arc segment 10a and the rotor core 4 is the first air gap g 1 , the maximum distance between the arc-cutting segment and the rotor core 4 is the second air gap g 2 , where 1.5g 1 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 6g 1 .
  • the stator tooth 10 includes a tooth root 12 and a tooth shoe 11.
  • the tooth shoe 11 is connected to the end of the tooth root 12 close to the rotor iron core 4.
  • the tooth shoe 11 includes a tooth wall facing the rotor iron core 4.
  • the tooth wall An air gap 13 may be formed between the rotor core 4 and the rotor core 4 .
  • the tooth wall includes a circular arc segment 10a and a cut arc segment on the axial end face. It should be noted that the axial end face refers to a plane perpendicular to the axial direction, that is, the cross section of the stator teeth 10 .
  • the circular arc segment 10a is connected to the cut arc segment.
  • the rotor iron core 4 includes the largest outer contour surface, the largest outer contour surface includes the largest outer contour circle on the axial end face, the stator teeth 10 and the rotor iron core 4
  • the air gap 13 between is the distance between the designated sub-tooth 10 and the largest outer contour circle.
  • the rotor core 4 located outside the stator core 1 includes a minimum inner contour surface, and the minimum inner contour surface includes a minimum inner contour circle on the axial end face, and the stator teeth 10 are connected to the rotor.
  • the air gap 13 between the iron cores 4 is the distance between the specified sub-tooth 10 and the smallest inner contour circle.
  • the distance between any point on the arc segment 10a and the air gap 13 formed between the largest outer contour circle is the same, and the air gap 13 is the first air gap, the second An air gap is the smallest air gap.
  • the arc-cutting segment includes a first end point and a second end point opposite to each other, the first end point is connected to the arc segment 10a, and the distance between the first end point and the second end point is the maximum outer contour circle.
  • the distances are unequal, that is to say, the air gap 13 formed between the cut-off segment and the largest outer contour circle is unequal.
  • the air gap 13 formed between the arc-cutting segment and the largest outer contour circle gradually becomes larger, and the largest air gap 13 between the arc-cutting segment and the largest outer contour circle is the second air gap , at this time, the first air gap and the second air gap are made to satisfy the aforementioned relationship, so as to meet the requirements of reducing the amount of vulgar harmonic torque fluctuation and improving the output performance of the motor 8, so that the starting additional torque of the motor 8 and the rated performance can be match each other.
  • the arc-cutting segment includes a first line segment 10b and a second line segment 10c, and the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are respectively located on opposite sides of the circular arc segment 10a.
  • the number of arc-cutting segments may be multiple, and the plurality of arc-cutting segments include a first line segment 10b and a second line segment 10c, and the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are respectively located opposite to the circular arc segment 10a on both sides.
  • the stator tooth 10 includes a first line segment 10b, a circular arc segment 10a and a second line segment 10c, that is, the tooth wall of the stator tooth 10 facing the rotor core 4 includes three segments.
  • the first wire segment 10b and the second wire segment 10c can be prepared by cutting.
  • the wall surface of the stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 may be an arc in the initial state.
  • the maximum distance of the arc cutting is g 2 -g 1
  • the maximum distance of arc cutting and the minimum air gap (first air gap g 1 ) between the stator core 1 and the rotor core 4 satisfy the aforementioned relationship, so that the output performance of the motor 8 can be improved.
  • the number of the first line segment 10b is at least one.
  • the numbers of the first line segments 10b and the numbers of the second line segments 10c correspond one-to-one.
  • the number of the first line segment 10b is one, and the number of the second line segment 10c is also one.
  • the number of the second line segment 10c can also be multiple, and the number of the second line segment 10c is the same as that of the first line segment 10c.
  • the number of segments 10b may also vary.
  • the tooth wall of the stator tooth 10 includes three segments along the circumferential direction, namely the first line segment 10b, the arc segment 10a and the second line segment 10c .
  • the number of the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c can also be x, where x ⁇ 2.
  • the tooth wall of the stator tooth 10 includes 2x+1 segments along the circumferential direction, specifically: x first line segments 10b, circular arc segments 10a and x second line segments 10c.
  • Various shapes of the tooth walls of the stator teeth 10 can be realized by at least one first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c, so that the length of the air gap 13 formed between the tooth walls of different shapes and the rotor core 4 can be more suitable for the requirements. , which can effectively improve the output performance of the motor 8 .
  • the included angle formed by the connecting line between the two ends of the first line segment 10b and the center of the stator core 1 is ⁇ 1
  • the first line segment 10b includes an opposite first end point and a second end point, the first end point is connected to the circular arc segment 10a, the first end point and the second end point
  • the distances from the largest outer contour circle are different, and the distances between the first end point and the second end point from the center of the stator core 1 are also different.
  • the center of the stator core 1 is the intersection of the central axis of the designated sub-core 1 on the cross section, and the intersection is located in the same plane as the arc segment 10a and the arc-cut segment.
  • the connecting line between the first end point and the second end point respectively forms an included angle ⁇ 1 with the center of the stator core 1 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the arc segment 10a is ⁇ 0 , which satisfies ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the arc segment 10a is ⁇ 0 , which satisfies ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 , that is, the length of the arc segment 10a in the circumferential direction is greater than the length of the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c in the circumferential direction.
  • the projected length that is to say, for the air gap 13, the air gap 13 is divided into a first air gap segment of equal length and a second air gap segment of unequal length, and the circumferential direction of the first air gap segment
  • the length is greater than or equal to the circumferential length of the second air gap segment, that is, for one stator tooth 10, along the circumferential direction, the air gap length first decreases from the second air gap to the first air gap, and then stabilizes at the first air gap. an air gap, and then increase from the first air gap to the second air gap.
  • first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are symmetrical along a line extending radially through the midpoint of the circular arc segment 10a.
  • first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are symmetrical along a line extending radially through the midpoint of the circular arc segment 10a, that is, the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are symmetrically distributed in the The two sides of the arc segment 10a, that is, the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are left-right symmetrical.
  • stator core 1 further includes a yoke 14, the stator teeth 10 are connected to the yoke 14, the number of the stator teeth 10 is multiple, and two adjacent stator teeth 10 among the multiple stator teeth 10 and the yoke 14 form a stator groove.
  • the number Z2 of rotor slots is greater than the number Z1 of stator slots.
  • the stator core 1 further includes a yoke portion 14.
  • the yoke portion 14 is annular, and the stator teeth 10 are connected to the yoke portion 14.
  • the number of the stator teeth 10 is multiple.
  • the stator teeth 10 are connected to the yoke portion 14 at intervals, and two adjacent stator teeth 10 among the plurality of stator teeth 10 and the yoke portion 14 form stator slots.
  • the number Z2 of rotor slots is greater than the number Z1 of stator slots.
  • the rotor core 4 includes a plurality of rotor blanks, which are stacked in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 4 further includes a slot body, the slot body is axially penetrated and arranged on each rotor punching piece at intervals, and the slot bodies on the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to form a rotor slot, wherein two adjacent two of the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to each other.
  • the rotor punch includes a first punch and a second punch, the second punch is deflected relative to the first punch to incline the rotor slot with respect to the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 4 includes a plurality of rotor punches, which are stacked in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 4 further includes a slot body, the slot body is axially penetrated and arranged on each rotor punching piece at intervals, and the slot bodies on the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to form a rotor slot, wherein two adjacent two of the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to each other.
  • the rotor punching piece includes a first punching piece and a second punching piece. The second punching piece is deflected relative to the first punching piece so that the rotor slot is inclined relative to the axial direction.
  • the slot body forms the rotor slot, and the rotor slot is the inclined slot.
  • the rotor core 4 includes a third punching piece 4a and a fourth punching piece 4b located at both ends of the axial direction, respectively, and the deflection angle of the third punching piece 4a relative to the fourth punching piece 4b is ⁇ sk , where 1.46g 1 ⁇ sk ⁇ Z 2 /2 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 3g 1 .
  • the rotor core 4 includes a third punch 4a and a fourth punch 4b located at both ends in the axial direction, that is, the rotor punch located at the axial top end of the rotor core 4 is the third punch 4a, the rotor punching piece located at the axial end of the rotor core 4 is the fourth punching piece 4b, so that the deflection angle of the third punching piece 4a relative to the fourth punching piece 4b, the maximum distance g 2 -g 1 of the arc cutting, and
  • the number of rotor slots on the rotor core 4 satisfies the aforementioned relationship, so as to meet the requirements of reducing the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation and improving the output performance.
  • Both arc cutting and oblique groove can improve the additional torque for starting the motor 8. However, both arc cutting and oblique groove will cause the drop of the maximum torque and rated torque, and it is difficult to quickly balance between multiple operating points. match between.
  • the maximum torque of the motor 8 is Tmax
  • the rated torque of the motor 8 is TN
  • the starting torque of the motor 8 is T st ;
  • the original example no arc-shaving or inclined rotor slots
  • a first comparative example only arc-shaving
  • a second comparative example only inclined rotor slots
  • A corresponds to the starting torque T st of the motor 8
  • B corresponds to the maximum torque T max of the motor 8
  • C corresponds to the rated torque T N of the motor 8
  • D and E correspond to ⁇ T ls low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation.
  • the arc cutting and the rotor slot are matched and designed to meet the requirements of reducing the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation and improving the output performance.
  • the performance target requirements are T st *, T max * and T N *, the specific operation methods are as follows:
  • the working points of A, B, C, D and E are calculated for different arc cutting sizes g 2 -g 1 , as shown in Figure 6, the starting torque T st With the increase, the maximum torque T max and rated torque T N increase first and then decrease, and the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation of ⁇ T ls gradually decreases.
  • the range of g 2 -g 1 can be selected as MN according to the target values Tst*, Tmax* and TN*. Further in this example, g 2 -g 1 does not consider the rotor slot condition, g 1 ⁇ g 2 -g 1 ⁇ 3.75g 1 . Select g 2 -g 1 when ⁇ T ls is small, and calculate the starting torque T st , the maximum torque T max and the rated torque T N at this time.
  • the additional starting torque needs to be further weakened by the rotor slot.
  • the matching of the working point needs to meet the target value at the same time, and at the same time reduce the additional starting torque as much as possible.
  • the rotor slot angle in the rotor core 4 is ⁇ sk2 , which is the optimal corresponding rotor slot angle for the low-speed harmonic torque fluctuation ⁇ T ls .
  • the motor 8 further includes a guide bar 5, the guide bar 5 is arranged in the rotor slot, the maximum radius of the rotor iron core 4 is R, and the axial length of the rotor iron core 4 is L, wherein the guide bar 5 and The included angle ⁇ y between the axial end faces of the rotor core 4 is the above relationship, and in the actual preparation process of the motor 8, the inclined guide bars 5 can be rotated one by one according to the ⁇ y segments so that the rotor slots in the rotor core 4 are matched. .
  • the motor 8 further includes end caps 6 , and the end caps 6 are provided at both axial ends of the rotor core 4 .
  • the end cover 6 and the guide bar 5 are integrally formed on the rotor core 4 .
  • the motor 8 further includes a stator winding 2, which is arranged on a plurality of stator teeth 10, and a part of the stator winding 2 is located in the stator slot.
  • the motor 8 further includes end caps 6 , and the end caps 6 are provided at both axial ends of the rotor core 4 .
  • the end cover 6 and the guide bar 5 are integrally formed on the rotor core 4 .
  • the end cover 6 and the guide bar 5 are formed by a cast aluminum process to form an assembly, which can be fixed on the rotor core 4 during the aluminum casting process, and has excellent connection performance.
  • the motor 8 further includes a rotating shaft 7 , the rotating shaft 7 is located in the shaft hole of the rotor iron core 4 , and the rotating shaft 7 can rotate with the rotor iron core 4 .
  • the motor 8 further includes a casing 3 , the casing 3 is fixed outside the stator core 1 , and the rotating shaft 7 is also connected to the end face of the casing 3 .
  • the motor 8 further includes a stator winding 2, which is arranged on a plurality of stator teeth 10, and a part of the stator winding 2 is located in the stator slot. Specifically, the stator winding 2 is arranged on the stator iron core 1 by means of concentrated winding.
  • the motor 8 includes a rotor core 4 , a rotor slot and a stator core 1 .
  • the rotor slots are provided through the rotor iron core 4, and the rotor slots are inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the stator core 1 is provided on one side of the rotor core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 , and there is an air gap 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 , and at least a part of the air gap 13 is not equal.
  • stator tooth 10 includes a circular arc segment 10a and an arc-cutting segment which are located on the axial end surface and are connected to each other.
  • the maximum distance between the iron cores 4 is the second air gap g 2 , wherein 1.5g 1 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 6g 1 .
  • the straight segment includes a first line segment 10b and a second line segment 10c, and the first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are respectively located on opposite sides of the circular arc segment 10a.
  • the number of the first line segment 10b is at least one.
  • the numbers of the first line segments 10b and the numbers of the second line segments 10c correspond one-to-one.
  • the angle formed by the connecting line between the two ends of the first line segment 10b and the center of the stator core 1 is ⁇ 1
  • the connecting line between the two ends of the second line segment 10c and the center of the stator core 1 is ⁇ 1 .
  • the central angle corresponding to the circular arc segment 10a is ⁇ 0 , which satisfies ⁇ 0 ⁇ 1 .
  • first line segment 10b and the second line segment 10c are line-symmetrical along a radial extension passing through the midpoint of the circular arc segment 10a.
  • stator core 1 further includes a yoke 14, the stator teeth 10 are connected to the yoke 14, the number of the stator teeth 10 is multiple, and two adjacent stator teeth 10 among the multiple stator teeth 10 and the yoke 14 form a stator groove.
  • the number Z2 of rotor slots is greater than the number Z1 of stator slots.
  • the rotor core 4 includes a plurality of rotor blanks, which are stacked in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 4 further includes a slot body, the slot body is axially penetrated and arranged on each rotor punching piece at intervals, and the slot bodies on the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to form a rotor slot, wherein two adjacent two of the plurality of rotor punching pieces are connected to each other.
  • the rotor punch includes a first punch and a second punch, the second punch is deflected relative to the first punch to incline the rotor slot with respect to the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 4 includes a third punching piece 4a and a fourth punching piece 4b located at both ends in the axial direction, respectively, and the deflection angle of the third punching piece 4a relative to the fourth punching piece 4b is ⁇ sk , wherein, 1.46g 1 ⁇ sk ⁇ Z 2 /2 ⁇ (g 2 ⁇ g 1 ) ⁇ 3g 1 .
  • the motor 8 further includes end caps 6 , and the end caps 6 are arranged at both axial ends of the rotor core 4 .
  • the end cover 6 and the guide bar 5 are integrally formed on the rotor core 4 .
  • the motor 8 further includes a stator winding 2, the stator winding 2 is arranged on the plurality of stator teeth 10, and a part of the stator winding 2 is located in the stator slot.
  • a compressor including the motor 8 provided by any of the above designs.
  • the compressor provided by the present application includes the motor 8 provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor 8, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor 8 includes a rotor core 4 , rotor slots and a stator core 1 .
  • the rotor slots are provided through the rotor iron core 4, and the rotor slots are inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the stator core 1 is provided on one side of the rotor core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 , and there is an air gap 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 , and at least a part of the air gap 13 is not equal.
  • the motor 8 provided by the present application includes a rotor iron core 4 , a rotor slot and a stator iron core 1 .
  • the rotor slot is provided on the rotor iron core 4
  • the rotor slot is provided through the rotor iron core 4 . That is, along the extending direction of the rotor slot, the rotor slot includes two ends, and both ends of the rotor slot are located on the axial end face of the rotor core 4 .
  • the rotor slot is inclined relative to the axial direction of the rotor core 4, that is, the extension direction of the rotor slot is non-axial, and there is an included angle between the rotor slot and the axial end face of the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor slot for the chute.
  • stator iron core 1 is arranged on one side of the rotor iron core 4, that is to say, the stator iron core 1 is located inside the rotor iron core 4, that is, the rotor iron core 4 is the outer rotor.
  • the rotor The iron core 4 has an annular shape, and the stator iron core 1 is provided inside the annular rotor iron core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 is located outside the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor core 4 is an inner rotor.
  • the stator core 1 is annular, and the rotor core 4 is located inside the annular stator core 1. .
  • stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the outer circumference of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the inner circle of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • the air gaps 13 generally extend in the circumferential direction, the air gaps 13 include the lengths of the air gaps 13 at different positions, and at least a part of the air gaps 13 have different lengths , that is, the air gaps 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 are not completely equal or completely unequal.
  • the inclined rotor slots are arranged on the rotor iron core 4, and the air gaps 13 that are not completely equal or completely different are formed between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor iron core 4, so as to meet the requirements of reducing low-speed harmonic torque fluctuations.
  • the starting additional torque of the motor 8 and the rated performance can be matched with each other. Specifically, by inclining the rotor slots relative to the axial direction, the additional starting torque of the motor 8 can be weakened, so that the matching of the working points of the motor 8 can meet the target value.
  • a fan including the motor provided by any of the above designs.
  • the fan provided by the present application includes the motor provided by any of the above designs, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the motor, which will not be repeated here.
  • the motor 8 includes a rotor core 4 , rotor slots and a stator core 1 .
  • the rotor slots are provided through the rotor iron core 4, and the rotor slots are inclined with respect to the axial direction.
  • the stator core 1 is provided on one side of the rotor core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 , and there is an air gap 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 , and at least a part of the air gap 13 is not equal.
  • the motor 8 provided by the present application includes a rotor iron core 4 , a rotor slot and a stator iron core 1 .
  • the rotor slot is provided on the rotor iron core 4
  • the rotor slot is provided through the rotor iron core 4 . That is, along the extending direction of the rotor slot, the rotor slot includes two ends, and both ends of the rotor slot are located on the axial end face of the rotor core 4 .
  • the rotor slot is inclined relative to the axial direction of the rotor core 4, that is, the extension direction of the rotor slot is non-axial, and there is an included angle between the rotor slot and the axial end face of the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor slot for the chute.
  • stator iron core 1 is arranged on one side of the rotor iron core 4, that is to say, the stator iron core 1 is located inside the rotor iron core 4, that is, the rotor iron core 4 is the outer rotor.
  • the rotor The iron core 4 has an annular shape, and the stator iron core 1 is provided inside the annular rotor iron core 4 .
  • the stator core 1 is located outside the rotor core 4, that is, the rotor core 4 is an inner rotor.
  • the stator core 1 is annular, and the rotor core 4 is located inside the annular stator core 1. .
  • stator core 1 includes stator teeth 10 facing the rotor core 4 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the outer circumference of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • stator teeth 10 and the inner circle of the rotor core 4 form an air gap 13 .
  • the air gaps 13 generally extend in the circumferential direction, the air gaps 13 include the lengths of the air gaps 13 at different positions, and at least a part of the air gaps 13 have different lengths , that is, the air gaps 13 between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor core 4 are not completely equal or completely unequal.
  • the inclined rotor slots are arranged on the rotor iron core 4, and the air gaps 13 that are not completely equal or completely different are formed between the stator teeth 10 and the rotor iron core 4, so as to meet the requirements of reducing low-speed harmonic torque fluctuations.
  • the starting additional torque of the motor 8 and the rated performance can be matched with each other. Specifically, by inclining the rotor slots with respect to the axial direction, the additional starting torque of the motor 8 can be weakened, so that the matching of the working points of the motor 8 meets the target value.
  • the term “plurality” refers to two or more, unless expressly defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense.
  • “connected” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection;
  • “connected” can be It is directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

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Abstract

一种电机、压缩机和风机，其中，电机（8）包括转子铁芯（4）、转子槽和定子铁芯（1）。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯（4）上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯（1）设于转子铁芯（4）的一侧。定子铁芯（1）包括朝向转子铁芯（4）的定子齿（10），定子齿（10）与转子铁芯（4）之间具有气隙（13），气隙（13）的至少一部分不相等。通过在转子铁芯上设置倾斜的转子槽，并令定子齿与转子铁芯之间形成不完全相等或完全不等的气隙，从而满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善电机输出性能的需求，令电机的启动附加与额定性能能够相互匹配。

Description

电机、压缩机和风机
本申请要求于2021年04月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202110402762.4”、发明名称为“电机、压缩机和风机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机设备技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电机、一种压缩机和一种风机。
背景技术
目前，随着直流化技术在电器、汽车等技术领域的不断深入，在电器中的风机、汽车中的压缩机等应用场景中，对电机的运行效能的要求也越来越高。
然而，现有的电机结构设计在实际应用过程中仍面临着电机的启动附加转矩大，较难匹配启动和额定性能。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的第一个方面在于，提出一种电机。
本申请的第二个方面在于，提出一种压缩机。
本申请的第三个方面在于，提出一种风机。
有鉴于此，根据本申请的第一个方面，提供了一种电机，其包括转子铁芯、转子槽和定子铁芯。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯设于转子铁芯的一侧。定子铁芯包括朝向转子铁芯的定子齿，定子齿与转子铁芯之间具有气隙，气隙的至少一部分不相等。
本申请提供的电机包括转子铁芯、转子槽和定子铁芯。转子槽设在转子铁芯上，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯上。也就是说，沿着转子槽的延伸方向，转子槽包括两端，且转子槽的两端均位于转子铁芯的轴向端面。进一 步地，转子槽相对于转子铁芯的轴向倾斜，也就是说，转子槽的延伸方向为非轴向，转子槽与转子铁芯的轴向端面之间具有夹角，即转子槽为斜槽。
进一步地，定子铁芯设于转子铁芯的一侧，也就是说，定子铁芯位于转子铁芯的内侧，即转子铁芯为外转子，在此种应用场景下，转子铁芯的呈环状，环状的转子铁芯的内部设有定子铁芯。或者定子铁芯位于转子铁芯的外侧，即转子铁芯为内转子，在该种应用场景下，定子铁芯呈环状，转子铁芯位于环状的定子铁芯内侧。
进一步地，定子铁芯包括朝向转子铁芯的定子齿。对于位于定子铁芯内侧的转子铁芯而言，定子齿与转子铁芯的外圆形成气隙。对于位于定子铁芯外侧的转子铁芯而言，定子齿与转子铁芯的内圆形成气隙。定子齿与转子铁芯之间形成的气隙而言，气隙大体沿周向延伸，气隙包括在不同位置处的气隙长度，至少一部分气隙的长度不等，也就是说，定子齿和转子铁芯之间的气隙不完全相等或者完全不等。本申请通过在转子铁芯上设置倾斜的转子槽，并令定子齿与转子铁芯之间形成不完全相等或完全不等的气隙，从而满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善电机输出性能的需求，令电机的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。具体地，通过令转子槽相对轴向倾斜，从而可以削弱电机的启动附加转矩，以令电机工作点匹配满足目标值。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，定子齿包括位于轴向端面上且相连的圆弧段和削弧段，圆弧段与转子铁芯之间的距离为第一气隙g 1，削弧段与转子铁芯之间的最大距离为第二气隙g 2，其中，1.5g 1≤(g 2-g 1)≤6g 1。
在该设计中，定子齿包括齿根和齿靴，齿靴连接在齿根靠近转子铁芯的端部，齿靴包括朝向转子铁芯的齿壁，齿壁与转子铁芯之间可以形成气隙。齿壁包括位于轴向端面上的圆弧段和削弧段。值得说明的是，轴向端面是指垂直于轴向的平面，即定子齿的横截面。圆弧段和削弧段相连接。针对于转子铁芯位于定子铁芯的内侧而言，转子铁芯包括最大外轮廓面，最大外轮廓面包括在轴向端面上的最大外轮廓圆，定子齿与转子铁芯之间的气隙是指定子齿与最大外轮廓圆之间的距离。同样的，针对于转子铁芯位于定子铁芯的外侧而言，转子铁芯包括最小内轮廓面，最小内轮廓面包括在轴向端面上的最小内轮廓圆，定 子齿与转子铁芯之间的气隙是指定子齿与最小内轮廓圆之间的距离。
具体应用到内转子而言，对于圆弧段而言，圆弧段上任一点与最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙的距离相等，该气隙即为第一气隙，第一气隙为最小气隙。对于削弧段而言，削弧段包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，第一端点与圆弧段相连，第一端点和第二端点距离最大外轮廓圆之间的距离不等，也就是说，削弧段和最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙不等。即子第一端点至第二端点的方向，削弧段与最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙逐渐变大，削弧段与最大外轮廓圆最大气隙即为第二气隙，此时，令第一气隙和第二气隙满足前述关系，从而可以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善电机输出性能的需求，令电机的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。
值得说明的是，削弧段可以为直线段，削弧段也可以为曲线段。当削弧段的数量为多个时，多个削弧段包括直线段和/或曲线段。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，削弧段包括第一线段和第二线段，第一线段和第二线段分别位于圆弧段相对的两侧。
在该设计中，削弧段的数量可以为多个，多个削弧段包括第一线段和第二线段，第一线段和第二线段分别位于圆弧段相对的两侧。在周向方向上，定子齿包括第一线段、圆弧段和第二线段，即定子齿朝向转子铁芯的齿壁包括三段。值得说明的是，第一线段和第二线段可以采用切削的方式制备。具体地，定子齿朝向转子铁芯的壁面在初始状态下可为一段圆弧，通过在定子齿的周向两侧进行切削，即采用削弧的方式，而削弧的最大距离为g 2-g 1，且削弧的最大距离与定子铁芯和转子铁芯之间的最小气隙(第一气隙g 1)满足前述关系式，从而即可实现改善电机输出性能。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，第一线段的数量为至少一个。第一线段和第二线段的数量一一对应。
在该设计中，第一线段的数量为一个，第二线段的数量也为一个，当然，第二线段的数量也可以为多个，第二线段的数量与第一线段的数量也可以不同。
当第二线段的数量与第一线段的数量相同时，则定子齿的齿壁沿周向方向则包括三段，即第一线段、圆弧段和第二线段。当然，第一线段和第二线段的 数量也可以为x个，x≥2，在该种应用场景下，定子齿的齿壁沿周向方向则包括2x+1段，具体为x个第一线段、圆弧段和x个第二线段。通过至少一个第一线段和第二线段来实现定子齿的齿壁的多种形态，从而可以令不同形态的齿壁与转子铁芯之间形成的气隙长度更符合需求，进而能够有效改善电机输出性能。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，第一线段的两端与定子铁芯的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 1，第二线段的两端与定子铁芯的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，满足γ 1＝γ 2。
在该设计中，如前述所提及的，第一线段包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，第一端点与圆弧段相连，第一端点和第二端点距离最大外轮廓圆之间的距离不等，第一端点和第二端点距离定子铁芯的中心之间的距离也不等。值得说明的是，定子铁芯的中心是指定子铁芯的中心轴线在横截面上的截点，该截点与圆弧段、削弧段位于同一平面内。具体地，第一端点和第二端点分别于定子铁芯的中心之间的连线形成夹角γ 1，同样的，第二线段的两端与定子铁芯的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，且γ 1＝γ 2，也就是说，切削定子齿的一部分而形成第一线段和第二线段，而切削部分所对应的圆心角相等，也就是说，第一线段和第二线段在圆周方向上的投影长度相等。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，圆弧段对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1。
在该设计中，圆弧段对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1，即圆弧段在周向上的长度大于第一线段、第二线段在周向上的投影长度，也就是说，对于气隙而言，气隙分为气隙长度相等的第一气隙段和长度不等的第二气隙段，而第一气隙段的周向长度大于等于第二气隙段的周向长度，也就是针对于一个定子齿而言，沿周向方向，气隙长度先由第二气隙变小至第一气隙、再稳定于第一气隙，然后再由第一气隙增大至第二气隙。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，第一线段和第二线段沿穿过圆弧段的中点的径向延伸线对称。
在该设计中，第一线段和第二线段沿穿过圆弧段的中点的径向延伸线对称，也就是说，第一线段和第二线段对称分布于圆弧段的两侧，即第一线段和第二线段左右对称。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，定子铁芯还包括轭部，定子齿连接在轭部，定子齿的数量为多个，多个定子齿中相邻两个定子齿和轭部形成定子槽。转子槽的数量Z2大于定子槽的数量Z1。
在该设计中，定子铁芯还包括轭部，针对于内转子而言，轭部呈环状，定子齿连接在轭部，定子齿的数量为多个，多个定子齿间隔连接于轭部，多个定子齿中相邻两个定子齿和轭部形成定子槽。转子槽的数量Z2大于定子槽的数量Z1。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，转子铁芯包括多个转子冲片，多个转子冲片沿轴向堆叠。转子铁芯还包括槽体，槽体沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个转子冲片上，多个转子冲片上的槽体连通形成转子槽，其中，多个转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于第一冲片偏转以使转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。
在该设计中，转子铁芯包括多个转子冲片，多个转子冲片沿轴向堆叠。转子铁芯还包括槽体，槽体沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个转子冲片上，多个转子冲片上的槽体连通形成转子槽，其中，多个转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于第一冲片偏转以使转子槽相对于轴向倾斜，通过相邻转子冲片的偏转以实现多个转子冲片上的槽体形成转子槽，转子槽为斜槽。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，转子铁芯包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片和第四冲片，第三冲片相对于第四冲片的偏转角度为θ sk，其中，1.46g 1≤θ sk×Z 2/2π×(g 2-g 1)≤3g 1。
在该设计中，转子铁芯包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片和第四冲片，也就是说，位于转子铁芯轴向顶端的转子冲片为第三冲片，位于转子铁芯轴向末端的转子冲片为第四冲片，令第三冲片相对于第四冲片的偏转角度、削弧的最大距离g 2-g 1，以及转子铁芯上转子槽的数量满足前述关系，以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善输出性能的需求。削弧和斜槽均能实现对电机的启动的附加转矩的改善，然而削弧和斜槽均会造成最大转矩、额定转矩的跌落，很难较快平衡多个工况点之间的匹配。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，偏转角度θ sk通过以下公式获得： θ sk＝min(θ sk1,θ sk2)，其中，补偿系数k comp满足以下公式：k comp＝f -1(min(k(T max),k(T N),k(T st)))/(2π/Z 2)，从而获得f反函数的取值，接着通过f＝[sin((θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2))]/(θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2)以获得θ sk1的取值。其中，电机的最大转矩为T max，电机的额定转矩为T N，电机的启动转矩为T st；θ sk2为电机的低速谐波转矩波动量最优对应的偏转角度。
在该设计中，为原始例(不采用削弧或倾斜的转子槽)、第一比较例(仅采用削弧)和第二比较例(仅采用倾斜的转子槽)的转矩曲线比较，削弧和转子槽均能实现对启动的附加转矩的改善，两种均会造成最大转矩、额定转矩的跌落，很难较快平衡多个工况点A、B、C、D、E之间的匹配。A对应的电机的启动转矩T st，B对应电机的最大转矩T max，C对应电机的额定转矩T N，D与E对应△T ls低速谐波转矩波动量。
具体地，采用工作点匹配设计的方法，对削弧和转子槽进行匹配设计，以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善输出性能的需求，性能目标需求为T st*、T max*和T N*，具体操作方法如下：
首先，在转子槽未相对于轴向倾斜的方式下，对不同削弧大小g 2-g 1下对A、B、C、D、E工作点进行计算，启动转矩T st随之上升，最大转矩T max和额定转矩T N先升高后减小，△T ls低速谐波转矩波动量逐渐减小。根据目标值Tst*、Tmax*和TN*可以选定g 2-g 1的范围为MN。本例中进一步的，g 2-g 1不考虑转子槽状况下，g 1<g 2-g 1<3.75g 1。选定△T ls较小时的g 2-g 1，计算此时的启动转矩T st、最大转矩T max和额定转矩T N。
其次，需要通过转子槽进一步削弱启动附加转矩，工作点匹配需要同时满足目标值达到要求，同时尽可能降低启动附加转矩，需要补偿的转子槽角度为θsk＝min(θsk1,θsk2)。其中，为满足工作点要求，补偿系数k comp＝f -1(min(k(T max),k(T N),k(T st)))/(2π/Z 2)，具体引入的判定系数为k(T max)＝T max/T max*、k(T N)＝T N/T N*、k(T st)＝T st*/T st。引入的补偿系数计算函数为f＝[sin((θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2))]/(θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2)。
当工作点均匹配能达到要求时，θ sk1>θ sk2，转子铁芯中转子槽角度为θ sk2为低速谐波转矩波动量△T ls最优对应的转子槽角度。
根据以上准则，当g 2-g 1采用0.75mm时，转子槽角度为θ sk2＝19°时，低速 谐波转矩波动量△T ls达到最优为零，但是此时θ sk1＝16°<θsk2，T max*和T N*不满足工作点匹配要求。
本实施例最终选取g 2-g 1＝0.75mm，θ sk＝16°，实现满足工作点需求时，低速谐波转矩波动量最低。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，电机还包括导条，导条设于转子槽内，转子铁芯的最大半径为R，转子铁芯的轴向长度为L，其中，导条与转子铁芯的轴向端面之间的夹角θy满足：θy＝2Rsin(θ sk/2)/L。
在该设计中，电机还包括导条，导条设于转子槽内，转子铁芯的最大半径为R，转子铁芯的轴向长度为L，其中，导条与转子铁芯的轴向端面之间的夹角θy上述关系式，再电机的实际制备过程中，可以根据θy分片逐一旋转使得倾斜的导条与转子铁芯中的转子槽配合。
在一种可能的设计中，进一步地，电机还包括端盖，端盖设于转子铁芯的轴向两端。端盖和导条一体成型于转子铁芯。电机还包括定子绕组，定子绕组设置于多个定子齿上，定子绕组的一部分位于定子槽内。
在该设计中，电机还包括端盖，端盖设于转子铁芯的轴向两端。端盖和导条一体成型于转子铁芯。具体地，端盖和导条采用铸铝工艺构成一个组件，在铸铝过程中可以固定于转子铁芯上，连接性能优异。值得说明的是，电机还包括转轴，转轴于转子铁芯的轴孔中，转轴可以随转子铁芯旋转。电机还包括机壳，机壳固定在定子铁芯之外，转轴还与机壳的端面相连。电机还包括定子绕组，定子绕组设在多个定子齿上，定子绕组的一部分位于定子槽内，具体地，定子绕组采用集中绕组的方式设在定子铁芯上。
根据本申请的第二个方面，提供了一种压缩机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机。
本申请提供的压缩机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机，因此具有该电机的全部有益效果，在此不再赘述。
根据本申请的第三个方面，提供了一种风机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机。
本申请提供的风机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机，因此具有该电机的全部有益效果，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机的结构爆炸图；
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机中定子铁芯和转子铁芯的部分结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机的转子铁芯的侧视图；
图4示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机的转子铁芯的俯视图；
图5示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机中气隙长度和转子槽对工作点影响示意图；
图6示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机在不同气隙长度下的转矩示意图；
图7示出了根据本申请的一个实施例中电机在偏转角度下的转矩示意图。
其中，图1至图4中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1定子铁芯，10定子齿，10a圆弧段，10b第一线段，10c第二线段，11齿靴，12齿根，13气隙，14轭部，
2定子绕组，
3机壳，
4转子铁芯，4a第三冲片，4b第四冲片，
5导条，
6端盖，
7转轴，
8电机。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照图1至图7描述根据本申请一些实施例所提供的电机8、压缩机和风机。
根据本申请的第一个方面，提供了一种电机8，如图1和图2所示，其包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧。定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间具有气隙13，气隙13的至少一部分不相等。
本申请提供的电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。转子槽设在转子铁芯4上，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上。也就是说，沿着转子槽的延伸方向，转子槽包括两端，且转子槽的两端均位于转子铁芯4的轴向端面。进一步地，转子槽相对于转子铁芯4的轴向倾斜，也就是说，转子槽的延伸方向为非轴向，转子槽与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间具有夹角，即转子槽为斜槽。
进一步地，定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧，也就是说，定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的内侧，即转子铁芯4为外转子，在此种应用场景下，转子铁芯4的呈环状，环状的转子铁芯4的内部设有定子铁芯1。或者定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的外侧，即转子铁芯4为内转子，在该种应用场景下，定子铁芯1呈环状，转子铁芯4位于环状的定子铁芯1内侧。
进一步地，定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10。对于位于定子铁芯1内侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的外圆形成气隙13。对于位于定子铁芯1外侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的内圆形成气隙13。定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成的气隙13而言，气隙13大体沿周向延伸，气隙13包括在不同位置处的气隙13长度，至少一 部分气隙13的长度不等，也就是说，定子齿10和转子铁芯4之间的气隙13不完全相等或者完全不等。
本申请通过在转子铁芯4上设置倾斜的转子槽，并令定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成不完全相等或完全不等的气隙13，从而以满足降低低俗谐波转矩波动量和改善电机8输出性能的需求，令电机8的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。具体地，通过令转子槽相对轴向倾斜，从而可以削弱电机8的启动附加转矩，以令电机8工作点匹配满足目标值。
如图2所示，进一步地，定子齿10包括位于轴向端面上且相连的圆弧段10a和削弧段，圆弧段10a与转子铁芯4之间的距离为第一气隙g 1，削弧段与转子铁芯4之间的最大距离为第二气隙g 2，其中，1.5g 1≤(g 2-g 1)≤6g 1。
在该实施例中，定子齿10包括齿根12和齿靴11，齿靴11连接在齿根12靠近转子铁芯4的端部，齿靴11包括朝向转子铁芯4的齿壁，齿壁与转子铁芯4之间可以形成气隙13。齿壁包括位于轴向端面上的圆弧段10a和削弧段。值得说明的是，轴向端面是指垂直于轴向的平面，即定子齿10的横截面。圆弧段10a和削弧段相连接。针对于转子铁芯4位于定子铁芯1的内侧而言，转子铁芯4包括最大外轮廓面，最大外轮廓面包括在轴向端面上的最大外轮廓圆，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间的气隙13是指定子齿10与最大外轮廓圆之间的距离。同样的，针对于转子铁芯4位于定子铁芯1的外侧而言，转子铁芯4包括最小内轮廓面，最小内轮廓面包括在轴向端面上的最小内轮廓圆，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间的气隙13是指定子齿10与最小内轮廓圆之间的距离。
具体应用到内转子而言，对于圆弧段10a而言，圆弧段10a上任一点与最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙13的距离相等，该气隙13即为第一气隙，第一气隙为最小气隙。对于削弧段而言，削弧段包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，第一端点与圆弧段10a相连，第一端点和第二端点距离最大外轮廓圆之间的距离不等，也就是说，削弧段和最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙13不等。即子第一端点至第二端点的方向，削弧段与最大外轮廓圆之间形成的气隙13逐渐变大，削弧段与最大外轮廓圆最大气隙13即为第二气隙，此时，令第一气隙和第二气隙满足前述关系，从而可以满足降低低俗谐波转矩波动量和改善电机 8输出性能的需求，令电机8的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。
进一步地，如图2所示，削弧段包括第一线段10b和第二线段10c，第一线段10b和第二线段10c分别位于圆弧段10a相对的两侧。
在该实施例中，削弧段的数量可以为多个，多个削弧段包括第一线段10b和第二线段10c，第一线段10b和第二线段10c分别位于圆弧段10a相对的两侧。在周向方向上，定子齿10包括第一线段10b、圆弧段10a和第二线段10c，即定子齿10朝向转子铁芯4的齿壁包括三段。值得说明的是，第一线段10b和第二线段10c可以采用切削的方式制备。具体地，定子齿10朝向转子铁芯4的壁面在初始状态下可为一段圆弧，通过在定子齿10的周向两侧进行切削，即采用削弧的方式，而削弧的最大距离为g 2-g 1，且削弧的最大距离与定子铁芯1和转子铁芯4之间的最小气隙(第一气隙g 1)满足前述关系式，从而即可实现改善电机8输出性能。
进一步地，如图2所示，第一线段10b的数量为至少一个。第一线段10b和第二线段10c的数量一一对应。
在该实施例中，第一线段10b的数量为一个，第二线段10c的数量也为一个，当然，第二线段10c的数量也可以为多个，第二线段10c的数量与第一线段10b的数量也可以不同。
当第二线段10c的数量与第一线段10b的数量相同时，则定子齿10的齿壁沿周向方向则包括三段，即第一线段10b、圆弧段10a和第二线段10c。当然，第一线段10b和第二线段10c的数量也可以为x个，x≥2，在该种应用场景下，定子齿10的齿壁沿周向方向则包括2x+1段，具体为x个第一线段10b、圆弧段10a和x个第二线段10c。通过至少一个第一线段10b和第二线段10c来实现定子齿10的齿壁的多种形态，从而可以令不同形态的齿壁与转子铁芯4之间形成的气隙13长度更符合需求，进而能够有效改善电机8输出性能。
进一步地，如图2所示，第一线段10b的两端与定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 1，第二线段10c的两端与定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，满足γ 1＝γ 2。
在该实施例中，如前述所提及的，第一线段10b包括相背的第一端点和第二端点，第一端点与圆弧段10a相连，第一端点和第二端点距离最大外轮廓圆 之间的距离不等，第一端点和第二端点距离定子铁芯1的中心之间的距离也不等。值得说明的是，定子铁芯1的中心是指定子铁芯1的中心轴线在横截面上的截点，该截点与圆弧段10a、削弧段位于同一平面内。具体地，第一端点和第二端点分别于定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线形成夹角γ 1，同样的，第二线段10c的两端与定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，且γ 1＝γ 2，也就是说，切削定子齿10的一部分而形成第一线段10b和第二线段10c，而切削部分所对应的圆心角相等，也就是说，第一线段10b和第二线段10c在圆周方向上的投影长度相等。
进一步地，如图2所示，圆弧段10a对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1。
在该实施例中，圆弧段10a对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1，即圆弧段10a在周向上的长度大于第一线段10b、第二线段10c在周向上的投影长度，也就是说，对于气隙13而言，气隙13分为气隙13长度相等的第一气隙段和长度不等的第二气隙段，而第一气隙段的周向长度大于等于第二气隙段的周向长度，也就是针对于一个定子齿10而言，沿周向方向，气隙长度先由第二气隙变小至第一气隙、再稳定于第一气隙，然后再由第一气隙增大至第二气隙。
进一步地，如图2所示，第一线段10b和第二线段10c沿穿过圆弧段10a的中点的径向延伸线对称。
在该实施例中，第一线段10b和第二线段10c沿穿过圆弧段10a的中点的径向延伸线对称，也就是说，第一线段10b和第二线段10c对称分布于圆弧段10a的两侧，即第一线段10b和第二线段10c左右对称。
进一步地，定子铁芯1还包括轭部14，定子齿10连接在轭部14，定子齿10的数量为多个，多个定子齿10中相邻两个定子齿10和轭部14形成定子槽。转子槽的数量Z2大于定子槽的数量Z1。
在该实施例中，定子铁芯1还包括轭部14，针对于内转子而言，轭部14呈环状，定子齿10连接在轭部14，定子齿10的数量为多个，多个定子齿10间隔连接于轭部14，多个定子齿10中相邻两个定子齿10和轭部14形成定子槽。转子槽的数量Z2大于定子槽的数量Z1。
进一步地，转子铁芯4包括多个转子冲片，多个转子冲片沿轴向堆叠。转子铁芯4还包括槽体，槽体沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个转子冲片上，多个转 子冲片上的槽体连通形成转子槽，其中，多个转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于第一冲片偏转以使转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。
在该实施例中，转子铁芯4包括多个转子冲片，多个转子冲片沿轴向堆叠。转子铁芯4还包括槽体，槽体沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个转子冲片上，多个转子冲片上的槽体连通形成转子槽，其中，多个转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于第一冲片偏转以使转子槽相对于轴向倾斜，通过相邻转子冲片的偏转以实现多个转子冲片上的槽体形成转子槽，转子槽为斜槽。
进一步地，如图3和图4所示，转子铁芯4包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片4a和第四冲片4b，第三冲片4a相对于第四冲片4b的偏转角度为θ sk，其中，1.46g 1≤θ sk×Z 2/2π×(g 2-g 1)≤3g 1。
在该实施例中，转子铁芯4包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片4a和第四冲片4b，也就是说，位于转子铁芯4轴向顶端的转子冲片为第三冲片4a，位于转子铁芯4轴向末端的转子冲片为第四冲片4b，令第三冲片4a相对于第四冲片4b的偏转角度、削弧的最大距离g 2-g 1，以及转子铁芯4上转子槽的数量满足前述关系，以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善输出性能的需求。削弧和斜槽均能实现对电机8的启动的附加转矩的改善，然而削弧和斜槽均会造成最大转矩、额定转矩的跌落，很难较快平衡多个工况点之间的匹配。
进一步地，偏转角度θ sk通过以下公式获得：θ sk＝min(θ sk1,θ sk2)，其中，补偿系数k comp满足以下公式：k comp＝f -1(min(k(T max),k(T N),k(T st)))/(2π/Z 2)，从而获得f反函数的取值，接着通过f＝[sin((θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2))]/(θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2)以获得θ sk1的取值。其中，电机8的最大转矩为Tmax，电机8的额定转矩为TN，电机8的启动转矩为T st；θ sk2为电机8的低速谐波转矩波动量最优对应的偏转角度。
在该实施例中，如图5所示，以原始例(不采用削弧或倾斜的转子槽)、第一比较例(仅采用削弧)和第二比较例(仅采用倾斜的转子槽)的转矩曲线比较，削弧和转子槽均能实现对启动的附加转矩的改善，两种均会造成最大转矩、额定转矩的跌落，很难较快平衡多个工况点A、B、C、D、E之间的匹配。 A对应的电机8的启动转矩T st，B对应电机8的最大转矩T max，C对应电机8的额定转矩T N，D与E对应△T ls低速谐波转矩波动量。
如图6和图7，采用工作点匹配设计的方法，对削弧和转子槽进行匹配设计，以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善输出性能的需求，性能目标需求为T st*、T max*和T N*，具体操作方法如下：
首先，在转子槽未相对于轴向倾斜的方式下，对不同削弧大小g 2-g 1下对A、B、C、D、E工作点进行计算，如图6，启动转矩T st随之上升，最大转矩T max和额定转矩T N先升高后减小，△T ls低速谐波转矩波动量逐渐减小。根据目标值Tst*、Tmax*和TN*可以选定g 2-g 1的范围为MN。本例中进一步的，g 2-g 1不考虑转子槽状况下，g 1<g 2-g 1<3.75g 1。选定△T ls较小时的g 2-g 1，计算此时的启动转矩T st、最大转矩T max和额定转矩T N。
其次，需要通过转子槽进一步削弱启动附加转矩，工作点匹配需要同时满足目标值达到要求，同时尽可能降低启动附加转矩，需要补偿的转子槽角度为θsk＝min(θsk1,θsk2)。其中，为满足工作点要求，补偿系数k comp＝f -1(min(k(T max),k(T N),k(T st)))/(2π/Z 2)，值得说明的是，对于具体工作点而言，k comp取值确定。具体引入的判定系数为k(T max)＝T max/T max*、k(T N)＝T N/T N*、k(T st)＝T st*/T st。
引入的补偿系数计算函数为f＝[sin((θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2))]/(θ sk1/(2π/Z 2))(π/2)。
当工作点均匹配能达到要求时，θ sk1>θ sk2,转子铁芯4中转子槽角度为θ sk2为低速谐波转矩波动量△T ls最优对应的转子槽角度。
根据以上准则，当g 2-g 1采用0.75mm时，转子槽角度为θ sk2＝19°时，低速谐波转矩波动量△T ls达到最优为零，但是此时θ sk1＝16°<θsk2，T max*和T N*不满足工作点匹配要求。
本实施例最终选取g 2-g 1＝0.75mm，θ sk＝16°，实现满足工作点需求时，低速谐波转矩波动量最低。
进一步地，如图1和图3所示，电机8还包括导条5，导条5设于转子槽内，转子铁芯4的最大半径为R，转子铁芯4的轴向长度为L，其中，导条5与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间的夹角θy满足：θy＝2Rsin(θ sk/2)/L。
在该实施例中，电机8还包括导条5，导条5设于转子槽内，转子铁芯4 的最大半径为R，转子铁芯4的轴向长度为L，其中，导条5与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间的夹角θy上述关系式，再电机8的实际制备过程中，可以根据θy分片逐一旋转使得倾斜的导条5与转子铁芯4中的转子槽配合。
进一步地，如图1和图3所示，电机8还包括端盖6，端盖6设于转子铁芯4的轴向两端。端盖6和导条5一体成型于转子铁芯4。电机8还包括定子绕组2，定子绕组2设置于多个定子齿10上，定子绕组2的一部分位于定子槽内。
在该实施例中，电机8还包括端盖6，端盖6设于转子铁芯4的轴向两端。端盖6和导条5一体成型于转子铁芯4。具体地，端盖6和导条5采用铸铝工艺构成一个组件，在铸铝过程中可以固定于转子铁芯4上，连接性能优异。值得说明的是，电机8还包括转轴7，转轴7于转子铁芯4的轴孔中，转轴7可以随转子铁芯4旋转。电机8还包括机壳3，机壳3固定在定子铁芯1之外，转轴7还与机壳3的端面相连。电机8还包括定子绕组2，定子绕组2设在多个定子齿10上，定子绕组2的一部分位于定子槽内，具体地，定子绕组2采用集中绕组的方式设在定子铁芯1上。
在一个具体实施例中，电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧。定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间具有气隙13，气隙13的至少一部分不相等。
进一步地，定子齿10包括位于轴向端面上且相连的圆弧段10a和削弧段，圆弧段10a与转子铁芯4之间的距离为第一气隙g 1，削弧段与转子铁芯4之间的最大距离为第二气隙g 2，其中，1.5g 1≤(g 2-g 1)≤6g 1。
进一步地，直段包括第一线段10b和第二线段10c，第一线段10b和第二线段10c分别位于圆弧段10a相对的两侧。
进一步地，第一线段10b的数量为至少一个。第一线段10b和第二线段10c的数量一一对应。
进一步地，第一线段10b的两端与定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 1，第二线段10c的两端与定子铁芯1的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，满足γ 1＝γ 2。
进一步地，圆弧段10a对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1。
进一步地，第一线段10b和第二线段10c沿穿过圆弧段10a的中点的径向延伸线对称。
进一步地，定子铁芯1还包括轭部14，定子齿10连接在轭部14，定子齿10的数量为多个，多个定子齿10中相邻两个定子齿10和轭部14形成定子槽。转子槽的数量Z2大于定子槽的数量Z1。
进一步地，转子铁芯4包括多个转子冲片，多个转子冲片沿轴向堆叠。转子铁芯4还包括槽体，槽体沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个转子冲片上，多个转子冲片上的槽体连通形成转子槽，其中，多个转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于第一冲片偏转以使转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。
进一步地，转子铁芯4包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片4a和第四冲片4b，第三冲片4a相对于第四冲片4b的偏转角度为θ sk，其中，1.46g 1≤θ sk×Z 2/2π×(g 2-g 1)≤3g 1。
进一步地，偏转角度θ sk通过以下公式获得：θ sk＝min(θ sk1,θ sk2)，其中，θ sk1＝k comp×2π/Z 2，其中，补偿系数k comp通过以下公式获得：k comp＝f -1(min(k(T max),k(T N),k(T st)))/(2π/Z 2)，电机8的最大转矩为Tmax，电机8的额定转矩为TN，电机8的启动转矩为T st；θ sk2为电机8的低速谐波转矩波动量最优对应的偏转角度。
进一步地，电机8还包括导条5，导条5设于转子槽内，转子铁芯4的最大半径为R，转子铁芯4的轴向长度为L，其中，导条5与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间的夹角θy满足：θy＝2Rsin(θ sk/2)/L。
进一步地，电机8还包括端盖6，端盖6设于转子铁芯4的轴向两端。端盖6和导条5一体成型于转子铁芯4。
进一步地，电机8还包括定子绕组2，定子绕组2设置于多个定子齿10上，定子绕组2的一部分位于定子槽内。
根据本申请的第二个方面，提供了一种压缩机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机8。
本申请提供的压缩机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机8，因此具有该 电机8的全部有益效果，在此不再赘述。
具体地，电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧。定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间具有气隙13，气隙13的至少一部分不相等。
本申请提供的电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。转子槽设在转子铁芯4上，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上。也就是说，沿着转子槽的延伸方向，转子槽包括两端，且转子槽的两端均位于转子铁芯4的轴向端面。进一步地，转子槽相对于转子铁芯4的轴向倾斜，也就是说，转子槽的延伸方向为非轴向，转子槽与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间具有夹角，即转子槽为斜槽。
进一步地，定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧，也就是说，定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的内侧，即转子铁芯4为外转子，在此种应用场景下，转子铁芯4的呈环状，环状的转子铁芯4的内部设有定子铁芯1。或者定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的外侧，即转子铁芯4为内转子，在该种应用场景下，定子铁芯1呈环状，转子铁芯4位于环状的定子铁芯1内侧。
进一步地，定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10。对于位于定子铁芯1内侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的外圆形成气隙13。对于位于定子铁芯1外侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的内圆形成气隙13。定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成的气隙13而言，气隙13大体沿周向延伸，气隙13包括在不同位置处的气隙13长度，至少一部分气隙13的长度不等，也就是说，定子齿10和转子铁芯4之间的气隙13不完全相等或者完全不等。本申请通过在转子铁芯4上设置倾斜的转子槽，并令定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成不完全相等或完全不等的气隙13，从而以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善电机8输出性能的需求，令电机8的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。具体地，通过令转子槽相对轴向倾斜，从而可以削弱电机8的启动附加转矩，以令电机8工作点匹配满足目标值。
根据本申请的第三个方面，提供了一种风机，包括上述任一设计所提 供的电机。
本申请提供的风机，包括上述任一设计所提供的电机，因此具有该电机的全部有益效果，在此不再赘述。
具体地，电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。其中，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上，转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧。定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10，定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间具有气隙13，气隙13的至少一部分不相等。
本申请提供的电机8包括转子铁芯4、转子槽和定子铁芯1。转子槽设在转子铁芯4上，转子槽贯穿设于转子铁芯4上。也就是说，沿着转子槽的延伸方向，转子槽包括两端，且转子槽的两端均位于转子铁芯4的轴向端面。进一步地，转子槽相对于转子铁芯4的轴向倾斜，也就是说，转子槽的延伸方向为非轴向，转子槽与转子铁芯4的轴向端面之间具有夹角，即转子槽为斜槽。
进一步地，定子铁芯1设于转子铁芯4的一侧，也就是说，定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的内侧，即转子铁芯4为外转子，在此种应用场景下，转子铁芯4的呈环状，环状的转子铁芯4的内部设有定子铁芯1。或者定子铁芯1位于转子铁芯4的外侧，即转子铁芯4为内转子，在该种应用场景下，定子铁芯1呈环状，转子铁芯4位于环状的定子铁芯1内侧。
进一步地，定子铁芯1包括朝向转子铁芯4的定子齿10。对于位于定子铁芯1内侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的外圆形成气隙13。对于位于定子铁芯1外侧的转子铁芯4而言，定子齿10与转子铁芯4的内圆形成气隙13。定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成的气隙13而言，气隙13大体沿周向延伸，气隙13包括在不同位置处的气隙13长度，至少一部分气隙13的长度不等，也就是说，定子齿10和转子铁芯4之间的气隙13不完全相等或者完全不等。本申请通过在转子铁芯4上设置倾斜的转子槽，并令定子齿10与转子铁芯4之间形成不完全相等或完全不等的气隙13，从而以满足降低低速谐波转矩波动量和改善电机8输出性能的需求，令电机8的启动附加转矩与额定性能能够相互匹配。具体地，通过令转子槽相对轴向倾斜，从而可以削弱电机8的启动附加转矩，以令电机8工作 点匹配满足目标值。
在本申请中，术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；“相连”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电机，其中，包括：
    转子铁芯；
    转子槽，贯穿设于所述转子铁芯上，所述转子槽相对于轴向倾斜；
    定子铁芯，设于所述转子铁芯的一侧，所述定子铁芯包括朝向所述转子铁芯的定子齿，所述定子齿与所述转子铁芯之间具有气隙，至少一部分所述气隙的长度不相等。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其中，
    所述定子齿包括位于轴向端面上且相连的圆弧段和削弧段，所述圆弧段与所述转子铁芯之间的距离为第一气隙g 1，所述削弧段与所述转子铁芯之间的最大距离为第二气隙g 2，其中，1.5g 1≤(g 2-g 1)≤6g 1。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其中，所述削弧段包括：
    第一线段，连接在所述圆弧段的一侧；
    第二线段，相对于所述第一线段连接在所述圆弧段的另一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其中，
    所述第一线段的数量为至少一个；
    所述第一线段和所述第二线段的数量一一对应。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其中，
    所述第一线段和所述第二线段沿穿过所述圆弧段的中点的径向延伸线对称。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其中，
    所述第一线段的两端与所述定子铁芯的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 1，所述第二线段的两端与所述定子铁芯的中心之间的连线构成的夹角为γ 2，满足γ 1＝γ 2。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电机，其中，
    所述圆弧段对应的圆心角为γ 0，满足γ 0≥γ 1。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电机，其中，
    所述定子铁芯还包括：
    轭部，所述定子齿连接在所述轭部，所述定子齿的数量为多个，多个所述定子齿中相邻两个定子齿和所述轭部形成定子槽；
    所述转子槽的数量Z 2大于所述定子槽的数量Z 1。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机，其中，所述转子铁芯包括：
    多个转子冲片，多个所述转子冲片沿轴向堆叠；
    槽体，沿轴向贯穿且间隔布置在每个所述转子冲片上，多个转子冲片上的槽体连通形成所述转子槽，其中，
    多个所述转子冲片中相邻两个转子冲片包括第一冲片和第二冲片，第二冲片相对于所述第一冲片偏转以使所述转子槽相对于轴向倾斜。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机，其中，
    所述转子铁芯包括分别位于轴向两端的第三冲片和第四冲片，所述第三冲片相对于所述第四冲片的偏转角度为θ sk，其中，
    1.46g 1≤θ sk×Z 2/2π×(g 2-g 1)≤3g 1。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的电机，其中，所述电机还包括：
    导条，设于所述转子槽内，所述转子铁芯的最大半径为R，所述转子铁芯的轴向长度为L，其中，
    所述导条与所述转子铁芯的轴向端面之间的夹角θy满足：θy＝2Rsin(θ sk/2)/L。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电机，其中，所述电机还包括：
    端盖，设于所述转子铁芯的轴向两端；
    所述端盖和所述导条一体成型于所述转子铁芯；
    定子绕组，所述定子绕组设置于多个所述定子齿上，所述定子绕组的一部分位于所述定子槽内。
  13. 一种压缩机，其中，包括：如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电机。
  14. 一种风机，其中，包括：如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的电机。
PCT/CN2021/117708 2021-04-14 2021-09-10 电机、压缩机和风机 Ceased WO2022217824A1 (zh)

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