WO2022227774A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227774A1
WO2022227774A1 PCT/CN2022/075233 CN2022075233W WO2022227774A1 WO 2022227774 A1 WO2022227774 A1 WO 2022227774A1 CN 2022075233 W CN2022075233 W CN 2022075233W WO 2022227774 A1 WO2022227774 A1 WO 2022227774A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
battery
protective member
battery cell
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/075233
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁昌清
陈小波
王学辉
陈亮美
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22794255.4A priority Critical patent/EP4167366A4/en
Priority to JP2023503469A priority patent/JP7637225B2/ja
Publication of WO2022227774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227774A1/zh
Priority to US18/322,246 priority patent/US20230299440A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of power battery safety, and in particular, to a battery and an electrical device.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery and an electrical device, which can effectively enhance the safety of the battery.
  • a battery including a plurality of battery cells, a case and a protective member.
  • a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the battery cells include a first wall and a second wall arranged to intersect, the first wall is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to reduce the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cells Activate to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cells when a threshold is reached.
  • the case is used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells.
  • the guard member is disposed between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the case, and the guard member is used to prevent the discharge from the battery cell from causing the second wall of the battery cell and the case when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated. the inner wall of the electrical connection.
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the protective member are respectively arranged on two different walls of the battery cell.
  • the discharge produced by the thermal runaway of the battery is discharged from the pressure relief mechanism provided on the first wall, if any discharge falls between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box, under the protection of the protective member , which can effectively avoid the electrical connection between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box, reduce the risk of short circuit, and improve the safety of the battery.
  • the protective member is fixed to the second wall of the battery cell and/or the inner wall of the case.
  • the protective member may be provided only on the second wall of the battery cell, the protective member may only be provided on the inner wall of the box, or the protective member may be provided on the second wall of the battery cell while the protective member is provided.
  • a protective member is also provided on the inner wall of the box.
  • the protective members are provided in various ways, and the protective effect is better when the protective members are arranged on the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box at the same time.
  • the protective member is adhesively fixed to the second wall of the battery cell and/or the inner wall of the case.
  • the battery further includes a fixing band, the fixing band is arranged around the outer periphery of the plurality of battery cells, and the fixing band is used for fixing the protective member to the second wall of the battery cell.
  • the protective member may be fixed on the inner wall of the box body by means of bonding.
  • a fixing belt can be wrapped around the outer circumference of the plurality of battery cells, and the protective member can be fixed on the battery through the fixing belt.
  • the fixing method is simple and easy to operate.
  • the protective member includes a first protective member and a second protective member that are provided separately, the first protective member is used to be fixedly connected to the second wall of the battery cell, and the second protective member is used to be fixed to the inner wall of the box body. connect.
  • the protective member while the protective member is provided on the second wall of the battery cell, the protective member may also be provided on the inner wall of the box body. Based on this, the first protective member may be provided on the second wall of the battery cell, and the second protective member may be provided on the inner wall of the case. Under the protective action of the first protective member and the second protective member, the electrical connection between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box can be effectively avoided, the risk of short circuit is reduced, and the use safety of the battery is improved. At the same time, the separate arrangement of the first protective member and the second protective member makes the arrangement of the two more flexible and diverse.
  • the protective member is an insulating coating applied to the second wall of the battery cell and/or the inner wall of the case.
  • the protective member of the present application is disposed between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box, rather than on the first wall where the pressure relief mechanism is located, so that the discharge will not directly impact the protective member Therefore, the protective member can be set thinner and can be an insulating coating applied to the second wall of the battery cell, or an insulating coating applied to the inner wall of the case.
  • the coating method is simple, so the present application can improve the operability of disposing the guard member.
  • a structural beam is arranged in the box, and the structural beam is used to divide the inner space of the box into a plurality of accommodating cavities, each accommodating cavity is used to accommodate at least one battery cell, and the protective member is arranged on the first part of the battery cell. between the two walls and the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity.
  • the protective member may also be disposed between the second wall of the battery cell and the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity, which can effectively avoid electrical connection between the second wall of the battery cell and the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity, and reduce the risk of short circuit , improve the safety of battery use.
  • the thickness of the guard member is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the melting point of the protective member is greater than 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the melting point of the protective member when the melting point of the protective member is greater than 100 degrees Celsius, the electrical connection between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box can be effectively avoided, the risk of short circuit is reduced, and the use safety of the battery is improved.
  • the size of the protective member along the second direction is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to the size of the battery along the second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the size of the protective member along the second direction can be set as required, and the size design is diversified.
  • the distance between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box is greater than 3 mm.
  • the distance between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the box is greater than 3 mm.
  • the battery further comprises: an adhesive for fixing the plurality of battery cells to the case, and at least part of the adhesive is located between the second wall of the battery cells and the inner wall of the case, so as to prevent the battery
  • the discharge of the cell electrically connects the second wall of the battery cell with the inner wall of the case.
  • the thickness of at least part of the adhesive between the second wall of the battery cell and the inner wall of the case is greater than 2 mm.
  • the adhesive can not only fix the battery cells in the box, but when the thickness of the adhesive overflowing between the second wall of the battery cells and the inner wall of the box is suitable, this part of the adhesive It can also play the role of preventing the second wall of the battery cell from being electrically connected to the inner wall of the box.
  • an electrical device including the battery of the first aspect, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the first wall of the plurality of battery cells
  • a protective member is arranged between the second wall of the plurality of battery cells and the inner wall of the box
  • the first wall of the plurality of battery cells is arranged It is arranged to intersect with the second wall, that is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, the pressure relief mechanism and the protective member are respectively arranged on two different walls of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1 battery cell
  • 2 box
  • 3 protective member
  • 4 fixing strap
  • 11 first wall
  • 12 second wall
  • 13 top cover assembly
  • 21 structural beam
  • 111 pressure relief mechanism
  • X the first direction
  • Y the third direction
  • Z the second direction.
  • the indication directions such as the X-direction, the Y-direction, and the Z-direction for explaining the operation and configuration of the respective components of the battery and the electric device of the present embodiment are not absolute but relative, and although the respective These indications are appropriate when the components are in the positions shown in the figures, but when these positions are changed, the directions should be interpreted differently to correspond to the changes.
  • a physical connection can be a fixed connection, such as a fixed connection through a fastener, such as a fixed connection through screws, bolts or other fasteners; a physical connection can also be a detachable connection, such as Mutual snap connection or snap connection; the physical connection can also be an integral connection, for example, welding, bonding or integrally forming a connection for connection.
  • it may be directly connected, that is, physically connected, or indirectly connected through at least one intermediate element.
  • the signal connection can also refer to the signal connection through a media medium, such as radio waves, in addition to the signal connection through the circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising: a plurality of battery cells 1 arranged in an array along a first direction X, the battery cell 1 includes a first wall 11 and a second wall 12 arranged to intersect, the first wall 11 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 111, which is used to actuate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure of the battery cell 1; the box 2 is used to accommodate a plurality of batteries Cell 1; guard member 3, disposed between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2, the guard member 3 is used to prevent the discharge from the battery cell 1 when the pressure relief mechanism 111 is actuated The second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 is electrically connected to the inner wall of the case 2 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 111 and the protective member 3 are respectively disposed on two different walls of the battery cell 1 .
  • the discharge produced by the thermal runaway of the battery is discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 111 provided on the first wall 11, if any discharge falls between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box 2, the protection Under the protective action of the component 3, the electrical connection between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 can be effectively avoided, the risk of short circuit is reduced, and the use safety of the battery is improved.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 111 refers to an element or component that is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements.
  • the threshold value may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the electrolyte and the separator in the battery cell 1 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 111 can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 1 reaches When the predetermined threshold value is reached, the pressure relief mechanism 111 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 111 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or a channel for releasing the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the “actuation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 111 is actuated or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 1 can be released.
  • the action produced by the pressure relief mechanism 111 may include, but is not limited to, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 111 is ruptured, broken, torn or opened, and the like.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 111 is actuated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cells 1 will be discharged from the actuated part as a discharge. In this way, the pressure and temperature of the battery cells 1 can be released under controllable pressure or temperature, so as to avoid potential more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cell 1 mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, etc. .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, the electrical device includes a main body and a battery, and the battery is disposed in the main body and used as a power source to provide electrical energy for the electrical device.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the main body of the vehicle is provided with a driving motor, which is electrically connected to the battery, and the battery provides electrical energy.
  • the electrical device may also be an unmanned aerial vehicle, a ship, or the like.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic structural diagrams of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural schematic diagram of a battery cell 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery includes: a plurality of batteries
  • the cells 1 are arranged in an arrangement along the first direction X.
  • the battery cells 1 include a first wall 11 and a second wall 12 that are arranged to intersect.
  • the first wall 11 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 111, and the pressure relief mechanism 111 is used for When the internal pressure or temperature of the body 1 reaches a threshold, it is actuated to release the internal pressure of the battery cells 1; the box body 2 is used to accommodate a plurality of battery cells 1; Between the wall 12 and the inner wall of the case 2, the protective member 3 is used to prevent the discharge from the battery cell 1 from electrically charging the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 with the inner wall of the case 2 when the pressure relief mechanism 111 is actuated. connect.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show a Cartesian coordinate system to distinguish each direction, wherein the coordinate axis X is used to represent the first direction X, which refers to the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells 1; the coordinate axis Z is used to represent the second direction Z; the coordinate axis Y is used to represent the third direction Y, which is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Z.
  • the first direction X is the first horizontal direction, which is also the width direction of the battery;
  • the second direction Z is along the vertical direction, which is also the height direction of the battery, or is provided in this application.
  • the third direction Y is the second horizontal direction, which is also the length direction of the battery.
  • the plurality of battery cells 1 in the battery are arranged in a row along the first direction X, and are accommodated in the casing 2 of the battery along the vertical direction (ie, along the second direction Z).
  • the plurality of battery cells 1 may be secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
  • the battery cells 1 are lithium ion batteries.
  • the battery cell 1 includes an electrode assembly, a case, and a cap assembly 13 .
  • the electrode assembly is the core component of the battery cell 1 to realize the charging and discharging function.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive tab and a negative tab, wherein the positive tab extends from the coated area of the positive tab and the negative tab extends from the coated area of the negative tab.
  • the electrode assembly is located within the housing.
  • the housing can be made of metal material or composite material. As shown in FIG. 4 , any outer side wall of the case corresponds to the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 .
  • the housing may be entirely made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloys, or nickel-plated steel.
  • the housing may include a base body and an insulating layer, wherein the base body is made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel, and the insulating layer may be provided on the outside of the base body by coating or bonding. surface.
  • the metal base can ensure the strength of the casing, and the insulating layer can improve the insulating performance of the casing.
  • the housing may be hexahedral, square, cylindrical, or other shapes.
  • the casing has an opening, and an accommodating cavity is formed inside the casing, the electrode assembly is placed in the accommodating cavity through the opening, and the electrolyte is also injected into the accommodating cavity through the opening.
  • the top cover assembly 13 corresponds to the first wall 11 of the battery cell 1 , and the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 are arranged to intersect.
  • the top cover assembly 13 includes a top cover plate and two electrode terminals, and the two electrode terminals are arranged on the top cover plate.
  • the top cover plate can be made of metal materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the size of the top cover plate is adapted to the size of the opening of the casing.
  • the top cover plate can be welded to the casing and cover the opening of the casing, thereby sealing the electrode assembly within the casing.
  • the top cover assembly 13 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 111 , that is, a pressure relief mechanism 111 is provided on the first wall 11 of the battery cell 1 , the pressure relief mechanism 111 may include an explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve is sealingly connected to the top cover plate and covers the exhaust holes provided on the top cover plate. Explosion-proof valves create weak areas by setting nicks.
  • the explosion-proof valve seals the vent hole to avoid leakage of the electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 1 produces gas violently due to short-circuit and other reasons, causing the internal air pressure of the battery cell 1 to increase to a certain extent, the exhaust will break through the explosion-proof valve in the weak area and be discharged to the battery cell through the exhaust hole of the top cover plate. outside the body 1, so as to achieve the purpose of releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 and reduce the risk of explosion.
  • a certain distance is set between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 , and the distance may be greater than 3 mm (millimeters). Most of the discharge from the battery cells 1 will be discharged along the drainage channel, but a part will still fall between the second wall 12 of the battery cells 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 .
  • the distance between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 is set appropriately, a larger accommodation space can be provided for the emissions generated by thermal runaway, and the emissions are not easily connected to the first wall of the battery cell 1 .
  • the second wall 12 is in contact with the inner wall of the box body 2, which reduces the possibility that the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 are electrically connected by the discharge, and reduces the risk of short circuit.
  • the protective member 3 is used to prevent the discharge from the battery cell 1 from electrically connecting the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 with the inner wall of the case 2 when the pressure relief mechanism 111 is actuated, so
  • the protective member 3 can be made of a high temperature resistant and insulating material, so that the protective member 3 can ensure the insulation between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box 2, avoid the risk of short circuit, and make the protective member 3 Has high temperature fire resistance and can act as a fire without melting during protection against thermal runaway emissions.
  • the protective member 3 may have a certain thickness and high temperature resistance.
  • the protective member 3 of the present application is arranged between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2, not Disposed on the first wall 11 where the pressure relief mechanism 111 is located, the discharge will not directly impact the protective member 3, so in some embodiments, the thickness of the protective member 3 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the protective member 3 may be an insulating coating coated on the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 , or an insulating coating coated on the inner wall of the box body 2 , for which the embodiments of the present application Not limited.
  • the melting point of the protective member 3 may be greater than 100°C (degrees Celsius).
  • the protective member 3 may be a mica board member (eg, mica paper) or the like, that is, the protective member 3 is made of mica board material to meet high temperature resistance and insulation requirements. It may also be a ceramic composite tape, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the size of the protective member 3 along the second direction Z may be greater than or equal to 2 mm, and less than or equal to the size of the battery along the second direction Z. This can save materials and reduce costs while ensuring the protective effect.
  • the size of the protective member 3 along the second direction Z can be set smaller.
  • the dimension of the guard member 3 in the second direction Z is equal to 3 mm.
  • the size of the protective member 3 along the second direction Z can also be set relatively large.
  • the dimension of the guard member 3 in the second direction Z may be equal to the dimension of the battery in the second direction Z.
  • the protective member 3 can prevent the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 from being separated from the box body.
  • the protective member 3 may be disposed only on the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 .
  • the protective member 3 may be provided only on the inner wall of the box body 2 .
  • the protective member 3 may also be provided on the inner wall of the box body 2 .
  • the protective member 3 may include a first protective member and a second protective member which are provided separately, the first protective member is fixed on the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1, and the second protective member is fixed on the box body 2 on the inner wall.
  • the first guard and the second guard may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the protective member 3 can be fixed on the inner wall of the box body 2 by means of bonding, for example, using structural glue or insulating glue.
  • bonding for example, using structural glue or insulating glue.
  • the protective member 3 is fixed on the second wall 12 of the battery cells 1 , not only can it be adhered, but also, as shown in FIG. At the outer circumference, the protective member 3 is fixed on the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 by the fixing tape 4 .
  • the battery may also include an adhesive, such as structural glue or insulating glue.
  • the adhesive is used to fix the plurality of battery cells 1 in the case 2 .
  • the adhesive can be applied to the bottom of the plurality of battery cells 1, and/or the adhesive can be applied to the lower case 2, and the battery cells 1 can be placed in a suitable position in the lower case 2 to achieve The fixing of the battery cell 1 in the box 2 .
  • the battery cells 1 When a plurality of battery cells 1 are placed in the lower case 2 , the battery cells 1 will press down the lower case 2 . During the pressing process, the excess adhesive between the bottom of the battery cell 1 and the lower case 2 will be squeezed and overflow between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 . Since the adhesive is insulating, the adhesive overflowing between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 can also prevent the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 The role of electrical connections.
  • the overflowing height of the adhesive may not be less than a preset value.
  • the thickness of the adhesive overflowing between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 cannot be too small.
  • the preset value may be any value greater than 2 mm.
  • the overflow height of this part of the adhesive may be set according to the distance between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 . When the distance between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 is relatively large, the overflow height of this part of the adhesive can be set to be relatively small.
  • the overflow height of this part of the adhesive can be set larger. As long as it is ensured that the overflowing adhesive can prevent the electrical connection between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 , this is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • structural beams 21 may be provided in the casing 2 of the battery.
  • the structural beams 21 are used to divide the internal space of the casing 2 into a plurality of accommodating cavities, and each accommodating cavity is used for At least one battery cell 1 is accommodated, and the protective member 3 is disposed between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity.
  • case 2 of the battery includes an upper case cover and a lower case 2, and the upper case cover and the lower case 2 may be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or other metal materials.
  • the structural beam 21 can be arranged in the lower box 2, and the structural beam 21 can be formed by casting, extrusion, or profile welding.
  • the number of structural beams 21 may be one or more. As shown in FIG. 3 , three structural beams 21 are arranged in the box body 2 along the third direction Y, and one structural beam 21 is arranged along the first direction X. These four structural beams 21 divide the inner space of the box body 2 into eight Each of the eight accommodating cavities can accommodate at least one battery cell 1 .
  • the inner wall of the box body 2 includes the side wall of the box body 2 and the side wall of the structural beam 21 in the box body 2 (ie, the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity). Therefore, when the battery cell 1 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, the protective member 3 can be provided Between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the side wall of the box body 2, it can also be provided between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity.
  • the protective member 3 may be disposed between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 1 When a certain accommodating cavity accommodates a plurality of battery cells 1, the plurality of battery cells 1 are regarded as a whole, and the outer side wall of the whole is the second wall 12 shared by the plurality of battery cells 1, and the protective member 3 may be disposed between the common second wall 12 of the plurality of battery cells 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 .
  • the distance between the second wall 12 of the battery cell 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 refers to the distance between the second wall 12 shared by the plurality of battery cells 1 and the inner wall of the case 2 .
  • pressure relief mechanisms 111 are provided on the first walls 11 of the plurality of battery cells 1 , and protection is provided between the second walls 12 of the plurality of battery cells 1 and the inner wall of the box body 2 Component 3, the first walls 11 and the second walls 12 of the plurality of battery cells 1 are arranged to intersect, that is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, the pressure relief mechanism 111 and the protective member 3 are respectively arranged at two different positions of the battery cells 1. on the wall.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池及用电装置，属于动力电池安全技术领域。该电池包括：多个电池单体，沿第一方向排列布置，电池单体包括相交设置的第一壁和第二壁，第一壁设置有泄压机构，第二壁和箱体的内壁之间设置有防护构件。也就是说，本申请实施例中泄压机构和防护构件分别设置在电池单体的两个不同的壁上。这样，当电池热失控产生的排放物从第一壁上设置的泄压机构排出时，如果有排放物掉落在电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁之间，在防护构件的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。

Description

电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2021年4月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202120925863.5、发明名称为“电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及动力电池安全技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池及用电装置，能有效增强电池的安全性。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供了一种电池，包括多个电池单体、箱体和防护构件。多个电池单体沿第一方向排列布置，电池单体包括相交设置的第一壁和第二壁，第一壁设置有泄压机构，泄压机构用于在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体的内部压力。箱体用于容纳多个电池单体。防护构件设置于电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁之间，防护构件用于在泄压机构致动时，防止来自电池单体的排放物使电池单体的第二 壁与箱体的内壁电连接。
本申请实施例中，泄压机构和防护构件分别设置在电池单体的两个不同的壁上。当电池热失控产生的排放物从第一壁上设置的泄压机构排出时，如果有排放物掉落在电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁之间，在防护构件的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
可选地，防护构件固定于电池单体的第二壁和/或箱体的内壁。
本申请实施例中，可以仅在电池单体的第二壁上设置防护构件，可以仅在箱体的内壁上设置防护构件，还可以在电池单体的第二壁上设置防护构件的同时，在箱体的内壁上也设置防护构件。防护构件的设置方式多样化，且当同时在电池单体的第二壁上和箱体的内壁上设置防护构件时，防护效果更好。
可选地，防护构件与电池单体的第二壁和/或箱体的内壁粘接固定。
可选地，电池还包括固定带，固定带环绕多个电池单体的外周设置，且固定带用于将防护构件固定于电池单体的第二壁。
本申请实施例中，防护构件可以通过粘接的方式固定在箱体的内壁上。而在将防护构件固定在电池单体的第二壁上时，不仅可以通过粘接的方式，还可以将固定带环绕在该多个电池单体的外周，通过固定带将防护构件固定在电池单体的第二壁上，固定方式简单，便于操作。
可选地，防护构件包括分体设置的第一防护构件和第二防护构件，第一防护构件用于与电池单体的第二壁固定连接，第二防护构件用于与箱体的内壁固定连接。
本申请实施例中，在电池单体的第二壁上设置防护构件的同时，还可以在箱体的内壁上也设置防护构件。基于此，可以在电池单体的第二壁上设置第一防护构件，在箱体的内壁上设置第二防护构件。在第一防护构件和第二防护构件的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁电连 接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。同时，分体设置的第一防护构件和第二防护构件使得两者的布置方式更加灵活多样。
可选地，防护构件为涂覆于电池单体的第二壁和/或箱体内壁的绝缘涂层。
本申请实施例中，本申请的防护构件设置在电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁之间，而并非设置在泄压机构所在的第一壁上，排放物不会直接冲击防护构件，因此，防护构件可以设置得较薄且可以是涂覆于电池单体的第二壁上的绝缘涂层，或者是涂覆于箱体内壁上的绝缘涂层。涂覆方式简单，所以本申请可以提高设置防护构件的可操作性。
可选地，箱体内设置有结构梁，结构梁用于将箱体的内部空间分隔成多个容纳腔，每个容纳腔用于容纳至少一个电池单体，防护构件设置于电池单体的第二壁和容纳腔的腔壁之间。
本申请实施例中，防护构件还可以设置在电池单体的第二壁与容纳腔的腔壁之间，能有效避免电池单体的第二壁和容纳腔的腔壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
可选地，防护构件的厚度大于或等于0.1毫米且小于或等于1毫米。
可选地，防护构件的熔点大于100摄氏度。
本申请实施例中，当防护构件的熔点大于100摄氏度，便可有效避免电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
可选地，防护构件沿第二方向的尺寸大于或等于2毫米且小于或等于电池在第二方向的尺寸，第二方向垂直于第一方向。
本申请实施例中，防护构件沿第二方向的尺寸可以根据需要进行设置，尺寸设计多样化。
可选地，电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁的间距大于3毫米。
本申请实施例中，电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁的间距大于3毫米， 一方面，可以便于将电池单体固定在箱体内，另一方面，可以为热失控产生的排放物提供较大的容纳空间，排放物不容易与电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁接触，降低排放物使电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁电连接的可能性，降低了短路风险。
可选地，电池还包括：粘接剂，用于将多个电池单体固定于箱体，粘接剂的至少部分位于电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁之间，以防止电池单体的排放物使电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁电连接。
可选地，位于电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁之间的至少部分粘接剂的厚度大于2毫米。
本申请实施例中，粘接剂不仅可以将电池单体固定于箱体内，当溢出至电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁之间的粘接剂的厚度合适，这部分粘接剂还可以起到防止电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁电连接的作用。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括第一方面的电池，该电池用于提供电能。
本申请实施例中，多个电池单体的第一壁上设置泄压机构，多个电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁之间设置防护构件，多个电池单体的第一壁与第二壁相交设置，也就是说，本申请实施例中泄压机构和防护构件分别设置在电池单体的两个不同的壁上。这样，当电池热失控产生的排放物从第一壁上设置的泄压机构排出时，如果有排放物掉落在电池单体的第二壁与箱体的内壁之间，在防护构件的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体的第二壁和箱体的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
上述说明仅是本申请实施例技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请实施例的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请实施例的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种电池的结构示意图。
图3为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池的结构示意图。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1：电池单体，2：箱体，3：防护构件，4：固定带，11：第一壁，12：第二壁，13：顶盖组件，21：结构梁，111：泄压机构，X：第一方向，Y：第三方向，Z：第二方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖而不排除其它的内容。单词“一”或“一个”并不排除存在多个。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语“实施例”并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的电池及用电装置的具体结构进行限定。例如，在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，诸如X方向、Y方向以及Z方向等用于说明本实施例的电池及用电装置的各构件的操作和构造的指示方向的表述不是绝对的而是相对的，且尽管当电池的各构件处于图中所示的位置时这些指示是恰当的，但是当这些位置改变时，这些方向应有不同的解释，以对应所述改变。
此外，本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是指两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，机械结构的“相连”或“连接”可以是指物理上的连接，例如，物理上的连接可以是固定连接，例如通过固定件固定连接，例如通过螺丝、螺栓或其它固定件固定连接；物理上的连接也可以是可拆卸连接，例如相互卡接或卡合连接；物理上的连接也可以是一体地连接，例如，焊接、粘接或一体成型形成连接进行连接。电路结构的“相连”或“连接”除了可以是指物理上的连接，还可以是指电连接或信号连接，例如，可以是直接相连，即物理连接，也可以通过中间至少一个元件间接相连，只要达到电路相通即可，还可以是两个元件内部的连通；信号连接除了可以通过电路进行信号连接外，也可以是指通过媒体介质进行信号连接，例如，无线电波。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
为了减轻电池整体重量，以及使电池单体1成组捆扎，常采用无侧板的结构设计，在电池单体1的外侧壁包裹绝缘膜，用固定带4捆扎多个电池单体1和端板组件，形成电池模组。最后将多个电池模组固定连接于箱体2内，形成电池，以为电动汽车等提供动力。
然而，当箱体2内某个电芯热失控时，会有高温颗粒喷出。当喷出的高温颗粒落在电池单体1的侧壁与箱体2的内壁之间时，会使包覆于电池单体1上的绝缘膜熔化，从而将电池单体1的侧壁与箱体2的内壁电连接，造成短路，进而引起高压打火甚至爆炸。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：多个电池单体1，沿第一方向X排列布置，电池单体1包括相交设置的第一壁11和第二壁12，第一壁11设置有泄压机构111，泄压机构111用于在电池单体1的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体1的内部压力；箱体2，用于容纳多个电池单体1；防护构件3，设置于电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁之间，防护构件3用于在泄压机构111致动时防止来自电池单体1的排放物使 电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接。
本申请实施例中，泄压机构111和防护构件3分别设置在电池单体1的两个不同的壁上。当电池热失控产生的排放物从第一壁11上设置的泄压机构111排出时，如果有排放物掉落在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间，在防护构件3的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
泄压机构111是指电池单体1的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体1中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构111可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体1的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构111执行动作或者泄压机构111中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构111产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体1的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构111产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构111中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构111在致动时，电池单体1的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体1发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体1的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，该用电装置包括主体及电池，电池设置于该主体内，用作电源，为该用电装置提供电能。
该用电装置可以是车辆，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆的主体设置有驱动电机，驱动电机与电池电连接，由电池提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆的主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动汽车行进。或者，该用电装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。
图1至图3为本申请实施例提供的电池的结构示意图，图4为本申请实施例提供的电池单体1的结构示意图，如图1至图4所示，该电池包括：多个电池单体1，沿第一方向X排列布置，电池单体1包括相交设置的第一壁11和第二壁12，第一壁11设置有泄压机构111，泄压机构111用于在电池单体1的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放电池单体1的内部压力；箱体2，用于容纳多个电池单体1；防护构件3，设置于电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁之间，防护构件3用于在泄压机构111致动时防止来自电池单体1的排放物使电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接。
需要说明的是，图1至图3示出了笛卡尔坐标系，以区分各个方向，其中，坐标轴X用于表示第一方向X，指多个电池单体1的排布方向；坐标轴Z用于表示第二方向Z；坐标轴Y用于表示第三方向Y，其垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Z。在该实施例的布置方式下，第一方向X为第一水平方向，同时也是电池的宽度方向；第二方向Z沿着竖直方向，同时也是电池的高度方向，或者，是本申请提供的用电装置的高度方向；第三方向Y为第二水平方向，同时也是电池的长度方向。
电池中的多个电池单体1沿第一方向X排列布置，且沿竖向(即，沿第二方向Z)容纳于电池的箱体2内。该多个电池单体1可以是可重复充放电的二次电池，优选地，电池单体1是锂离子电池。如图4所示，电池单体1包括电极组件、壳体和顶盖组件13。
电极组件是电池单体1实现充放电功能的核心构件。电极组件包括正极片、负极片和设置于正极片与负极片之间的隔离膜。电极组件包括正极耳 和负极耳，其中，正极耳从正极片的涂覆区延伸出，而负极耳从负极片的涂覆区延伸出。电极组件位于壳体内。
壳体可以是金属材料或复合材料制成。如图4所示，壳体的任一外侧壁相当于电池单体1的第二壁12。在一些实施例中，壳体可以整体由铝、铝合金或镀镍钢等金属材料制成。在另一些实施例中，壳体可以包括基体和绝缘层，其中，基体由铝、铝合金或镀镍钢等金属材料制成，绝缘层可通过涂覆或粘接等方式设置到基体的外表面。在这种情况下，金属材质的基体可以保证壳体的强度，绝缘层可以改善壳体的绝缘性能。另外，壳体可以是六面体形状、方形、圆柱形或其它形状。壳体具有一个开口，壳体内部形成收容腔，电极组件经由这个开口放置在该收容腔内，电解液也经由这个开口注入该收容腔内。
如图4所示，顶盖组件13相当于电池单体1的第一壁11，第一壁11与第二壁12相交设置。顶盖组件13包括顶盖板和两个电极端子，两个电极端子设置在顶盖板上。顶盖板可以是铝、铝合金等金属材料制成，顶盖板的尺寸与壳体的开口的尺寸相适配。顶盖板可以焊接在壳体上，并覆盖壳体的开口，从而将电极组件密封在壳体内。
当电池单体1因意外而出现热失控时，电极组件会释放出大量的气体，如果不将气体及时排出到电池单体1的外部，很容易引发爆炸。因此，为了提高电池单体1的安全性能，在一些实施例中，顶盖组件13还可以设置有泄压机构111，也即是，电池单体1的第一壁11上设置泄压机构111，该泄压机构111可以包括防爆阀。防爆阀密封连接于顶盖板，并覆盖顶盖板上设置的排气孔。防爆阀通过设置刻痕形成薄弱区域。当电池单体1处于正常工作状态时，防爆阀将排气孔密封，避免电解液泄露。当电池单体1因短路等原因而剧烈产气，导致电池单体1的内部气压增高到一定程度时，排放物在薄弱区域冲破防爆阀，并经过顶盖板的排气孔排出到电池单体1的外部，从而达到泄放电池单体1的内部压力的目的，降低爆炸风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间设置有一定的间距，该间距可以大于3mm(毫米)。来自电池单体1的排放物大部分会沿着排泄通道排出，但仍有一部分会掉落在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间。当电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的距离设置地合适，可以为热失控产生的排放物提供较大的容纳空间，排放物不容易与电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁接触，降低排放物使电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接的可能性，降低了短路风险。
需要说明的是，本申请中防护构件3用于在泄压机构111致动时防止来自电池单体1的排放物使电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接，因此防护构件3可以采用耐高温并绝缘的材料制成，以使得防护构件3可以保证电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的绝缘，避免短路风险，且使得防护构件3具有高温耐火性，可以起到防火作用，而不会在防护热失控排放物的过程中发生熔化。
为了保证防护构件3的防护作用，防护构件3可以具有一定的厚度和耐高温性，本申请的防护构件3设置在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间，而并非设置在泄压机构111所在的第一壁11上，排放物不会直接冲击防护构件3，因此在一些实施例中，防护构件3的厚度可以大于或等于0.1mm且小于或等于1mm。在一些实施例中，防护构件3可以是涂覆于电池单体1的第二壁12上的绝缘涂层，或者是涂覆于箱体2内壁上的绝缘涂层，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，防护构件3的熔点可以大于100℃(摄氏度)。本申请实施例中防护构件3可以是云母板件(例如，云母纸)等，即，防护构件3采用云母板材料制成，以满足耐高温及绝缘要求。也可以是陶瓷复合带等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，防护构件3沿第二方向Z的尺寸可以大于或等于2mm，且小于或等于电池在第二方向Z的尺寸。这样能够在保证防护效果的 同时节省材料，降低成本。
在具体实施时，当落在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的排放物并不多时，防护构件3沿第二方向Z的尺寸可以设置地较小。例如，防护构件3沿第二方向Z的尺寸等于3mm。而为了保证防护构件3的防护作用，有效降低短路风险，防护构件3沿第二方向Z的尺寸也可以设置地相对较大。例如，防护构件3沿第二方向Z的尺寸可以等于电池在第二方向Z的尺寸。这样，不论电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的排放物的沉积高度有多高，防护构件3均可以起到避免电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间电连接的作用。
针对防护构件3的设置位置，在一些实施例中，如图2所示，可以仅在电池单体1的第二壁12上设置防护构件3。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，可以仅在箱体2的内壁上设置防护构件3。
在一些实施例中，可以在电池单体1的第二壁12上设置防护构件3的同时，还在箱体2的内壁上设置防护构件3。
在一些实施例中，防护构件3可以包括分体设置的第一防护构件和第二防护构件，第一防护构件固定在电池单体1的第二壁12上，第二防护构件固定在箱体2的内壁上。其中，第一防护件和第二防护件可以相同，也可以不同，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，防护构件3可以通过粘接的方式固定在箱体2的内壁上，例如使用结构胶或绝缘胶。而在将防护构件3固定在电池单体1的第二壁12上时，不仅可以通过粘接的方式，还可以如图2所示，将固定带4环绕在该多个电池单体1的外周，通过固定带4将防护构件3固定在电池单体1的第二壁12上。
在一些实施例中，电池还可以包括粘接剂，例如结构胶或绝缘胶。粘接剂用于将多个电池单体1固定在箱体2内。例如，可以在多个电池单体1 的底部涂抹粘接剂，和/或，在下箱体2上涂抹粘接剂，将电池单体1置于下箱体2内合适的位置，便可实现电池单体1在箱体2内的固定。
当将多个电池单体1置于下箱体2内时，电池单体1会向下挤压下箱体2。在该挤压的过程中，电池单体1的底部和下箱体2之间多余的粘接剂会被挤压而溢出至电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间。由于粘接剂绝缘，所以溢出至电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的粘接剂也能起到防止电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接的作用。
进一步地，为了使溢出的这部分粘接剂能有效防止电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁电连接，这部分粘接剂的溢出高度可以不小于预设数值。换句话说，溢出至电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁之间的粘接剂的厚度不能太小。示例性的，预设数值可以是大于2mm的任一数值。在一些实施例中，这部分粘接剂的溢出高度可以根据电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的距离设置。当电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的距离较大时，这部分粘接剂的溢出高度可以设置地较小，当电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间的距离较小时，这部分粘接剂的溢出高度可以设置地较大。只要保证溢出的粘接剂可以防止电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2内壁之间的电连接即可，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池的箱体2内可以设置有结构梁21，结构梁21用于将箱体2的内部空间分隔成多个容纳腔，每个容纳腔用于容纳至少一个电池单体1，防护构件3设置于电池单体1的第二壁12和容纳腔的腔壁之间。
需要说明的是，电池的箱体2包括上箱盖和下箱体2，上箱盖和下箱体2可以是铝、铝合金或其它金属材料制成。结构梁21可以设置于下箱体2内，且结构梁21可以是浇铸成型、挤出成型或型材焊接等方式成型。
结构梁21的数量可以是一个或多个。如图3所示，箱体2内沿第三方向Y设置有三个结构梁21，沿第一方向X设置有一个结构梁21，这四个结 构梁21将箱体2的内部空间分隔成八个容纳腔，这个八个容纳腔中每个容纳腔可以容纳至少一个电池单体1。
箱体2的内壁包括箱体2的侧壁和箱体2内结构梁21的侧壁(即，容纳腔的腔壁)，因此电池单体1容纳于容纳腔内时，防护构件3可以设置在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的侧壁之间，也可以设置在电池单体1的第二壁12和容纳腔的腔壁之间。
防护构件3设置在电池单体1的第二壁12与容纳腔的腔壁的实施方式均适用上文的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
值得指出的是，当某个容纳腔容纳一个电池单体1时，防护构件3可以设置在这个电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁之间。
当某个容纳腔容纳多个电池单体1时，将这多个电池单体1看成一个整体，这个整体的外侧壁即为这多个电池单体1的共有第二壁12，防护构件3可以设置在这多个电池单体1的共有第二壁12和箱体2的内壁之间。这种情况下，电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁的间距指的是这多个电池单体1的共有第二壁12与箱体2的内壁的间距。
综上所述，本申请实施例中，多个电池单体1的第一壁11上设置泄压机构111，多个电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间设置防护构件3，多个电池单体1的第一壁11与第二壁12相交设置，也就是说，本申请实施例中泄压机构111和防护构件3分别设置在电池单体1的两个不同的壁上。这样，当电池热失控产生的排放物从第一壁11上设置的泄压机构111排出时，排放物掉落在电池单体1的第二壁12与箱体2的内壁之间，在防护构件3的防护作用下，能有效避免电池单体1的第二壁12和箱体2的内壁电连接，降低短路风险，提高电池的使用安全性。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在权利要求书中，所 要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体(1)，沿第一方向(X)排列布置，所述电池单体(1)包括相交设置的第一壁(11)和第二壁(12)，所述第一壁(11)设置有泄压机构(111)，所述泄压机构(111)用于在所述电池单体(1)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放所述电池单体(1)的内部压力；
    箱体(2)，用于容纳所述多个电池单体(1)；
    防护构件(3)，设置于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和所述箱体(2)的内壁之间，所述防护构件(3)用于在所述泄压机构(111)致动时，防止来自所述电池单体(1)的排放物使所述电池单体(1)的第二壁(12)与所述箱体(2)的内壁电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)固定于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和/或所述箱体(2)的内壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)与所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和/或所述箱体(2)的内壁粘接固定。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括固定带(4)，所述固定带(4)环绕所述多个电池单体(1)的外周设置，且所述固定带(4)用于将所述防护构件(3)固定于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)包括分体设置的第一防护构件和第二防护构件，所述第一防护构件用于与所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)固定连接，所述第二防护构件用于与所述箱体(2)的内壁固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)为涂覆于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和/或所述箱体(2)内壁的绝缘涂层。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述箱体(2)内设置有结构梁(21)，所述结构梁(21)用于将所述箱体(2)的内部空间分隔成多个容纳腔，每个所述容纳腔用于容纳至少一个所述电池单体(1)，所述防护构件(3)设置于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和所述容纳腔的腔壁之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)的厚度大于或等于0.1毫米且小于或等于1毫米。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)的熔点大于100摄氏度。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述防护构件(3)沿第二方向(Z)的尺寸大于或等于2毫米且小于或等于所述电池在所述第二方向(Z)的尺寸，所述第二方向(Z)垂直于所述第一方向(X)。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)与所述箱体(2)的内壁的间距大于3毫米。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    粘接剂，用于将所述多个电池单体(1)固定于所述箱体(2)，所述粘接剂的至少部分位于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和所述箱体(2)的内壁之间，以防止所述电池单体(1)的排放物使所述电池单体(1)的第二壁(12)与所述箱体(2)的内壁电连接。
  13. 根据权要求12所述的电池，其特征在于，位于所述电池单体(1)的所述第二壁(12)和所述箱体(2)的内壁之间的所述至少部分粘接剂的厚度大于2毫米。
  14. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/075233 2021-04-30 2022-01-30 电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2022227774A1 (zh)

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