WO2022234884A1 - 건식용융 방법을 이용한 폐리튬이차전지로부터 리튬을 회수하는 방법 - Google Patents
건식용융 방법을 이용한 폐리튬이차전지로부터 리튬을 회수하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234884A1 WO2022234884A1 PCT/KR2021/007246 KR2021007246W WO2022234884A1 WO 2022234884 A1 WO2022234884 A1 WO 2022234884A1 KR 2021007246 W KR2021007246 W KR 2021007246W WO 2022234884 A1 WO2022234884 A1 WO 2022234884A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/30—Alkali metal phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/30—Alkali metal phosphates
- C01B25/301—Preparation from liquid orthophosphoric acid or from an acid solution or suspension of orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/04—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a dry melting method.
- a large amount of batteries are used in mobile phones, power tools, and electric vehicles, and thus, a large amount of waste secondary battery batteries are also generated.
- Waste secondary battery batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals such as cobalt, copper and nickel, and recovery of valuable metals is important.
- the wet method is complicated and not eco-friendly because it requires the use of a large amount of chemicals such as sulfuric acid.
- the dry method requires a high-temperature process of 3,000°C or higher, so there is a problem in energy consumption.
- An object of the present invention is a method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a dry melting method, a waste lithium secondary battery containing nickel, cobalt, copper and lithium, a flux having a melting temperature of 1,400° C. or less, and lithium and melting a recovery agent to separate and obtain slag, a metal phase and a lithium compound, wherein the lithium recovery agent includes at least one of chlorine and fluorine, and each of nickel, cobalt, and copper is added to the slag. Compared to that, it is achieved by being contained in the metal phase 10 times or more.
- the flux may have a melting temperature of 1,250° C. or less.
- the total content of nickel, copper, and cobalt may be 20% by weight to 60% by weight.
- the waste lithium secondary battery includes 15 to 30% by weight of nickel, 3 to 10% by weight of cobalt, and 1 to 7% by weight of copper, and may further include 20 to 40% by weight of carbon.
- the waste lithium secondary battery includes a battery module, and the battery module may be melted without crushing.
- the spent lithium secondary battery may include a battery module, and the battery module may be molten after being crushed or pulverized in an inert atmosphere without being discharged.
- the flux includes FeO, SiO 2 and CaO, and the total content of FeO, SiO 2 and CaO may be 65 wt% to 85 wt%.
- the melting temperature of the flux is 1,000° C. to 1,250° C.
- the SiO 2 is 50 to 80 parts by weight and the CaO is 15 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of FeO
- the flux is 100 parts by weight of the waste lithium secondary battery 100 parts by weight to 800 parts by weight can be used based on parts.
- the flux may be obtained in a zinc remnant melting process.
- oxygen may be oxidized by lancing the carbon.
- the melting temperature in the melting step is 1,400° C. to 1,550° C., and 90 wt% to 99 wt% of nickel, cobalt and copper contained in the spent lithium secondary battery may be included in the metal phase, respectively.
- the lithium compound may include at least one of LiCl and LiF.
- the lithium compound may include LiCl, and the molar ratio of Cl/Li upon melting may be 1.3 to 2.5.
- the lithium recovery agent may include at least one of CaCl 2 , CaF 2 , FeCl 3 , CuCl 2 , FeF 2 , and CuF 2 .
- the hydrolysis may be performed using only water.
- the hydrolysis is performed in a state where the pH is lowered, and the pH may be lowered by the use of an acid.
- the pH is 1 to 4, and the acid may be adjusted using at least one of sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
- a method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a dry melting method there is provided a method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a dry melting method.
- 1 and 2 are flowcharts of a recovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 5a to 5d show the waste lithium secondary battery module, crushed material, powder and flux of the waste lithium secondary battery module used in the experimental example of the present invention, respectively;
- 6a and 6b show the lithium recovery rate according to the amount of lithium recovery agent used in the experimental example of the present invention
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A recovery method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the waste lithium secondary battery is not limited thereto, but may be obtained from a waste secondary battery battery pack for an electric vehicle.
- Waste lithium secondary batteries are obtained from battery packs discharged after use not only from battery cells used in small devices, but also from mid- to large-sized batteries such as xEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Electric Vehicle, etc.) or ESS (Energy Storage System).
- the battery pack has a form in which several battery modules are integrated, and the battery module has a form in which several battery cells are integrated again.
- a battery module obtained by separating the battery pack may be used, and may be in the form of a crushed material obtained by crushing the battery module or in the form of a crushed powder.
- a battery pack, a battery module, and a battery cell will be further described as follows.
- Battery pack The final form of the battery system installed in an electric vehicle. Equipped with various control and protection systems such as battery modules and cooling devices
- Battery module An assembly in which a number of cells are collected and placed in a frame to protect the battery cells from external shock and heat.
- Battery cell The basic unit of a battery, capable of charging and discharging anode, cathode, separator, etc.
- the process of obtaining shreds or powder from the battery pack of the waste secondary battery of an electric vehicle is to disassemble it into a battery module through disassembly (removing the cable, aluminum case, etc.) Ar, may include a process of crushing or pulverizing in a vacuum atmosphere.
- the crushed material or powder may contain lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminum, manganese, iron and carbon. Valuable metals to be recovered in the present invention include cobalt, nickel and copper among them. In the crushed material or powder, 15 to 30% by weight of nickel, 3 to 10% by weight of cobalt, and 1 to 7% by weight of copper may be included.
- Carbon is an anode material of a waste secondary battery battery, and may be 20 to 40 wt% in crushed material or powder. Carbon serves to reduce LiCoO 2 , LiCO 3 , NiO, CoO, etc. contained in the crushed material or powder. When there is insufficient carbon in the crushed material or powder, coal for reduction can be additionally used before or during melting.
- Flux has a lower melting point than crushed material or powder.
- the melting point of crushed material or powder varies depending on the component composition, but in the case of a valuable metal to be recovered, it is approximately 1,400°C to 1,500°C.
- the melting point of the flux is 1,200 °C or less or 1,250 °C or less, specifically 900 °C to 1,200 °C, 900 °C to 1,250 °C, 1,000 °C to 1,250 °C.
- the melting point of the flux may be 100° C. to 500° C. or 100° C. to 300° C. lower than the melting point of the valuable metal to be recovered.
- the flux may be a by-product of the zinc remnant melting process.
- the zinc remnant melting process injects Flux (SiO 2 , CaCO 3 , etc.), Oxygen, and Coal into the zinc remnants (ZnO ⁇ Fe 2 O 3 , ZnO ⁇ SiO 2 , etc.) remaining through the roasting and leaching of zinc ore. It is a process of recovering zinc and clean slag (FeO-SiO 2 -CaO) by completely reprocessing the zinc residue with stirring force.
- the flux includes FeO, SiO 2 and CaO, and the total content of FeO, SiO 2 and CaO in the flux may be 60 to 100 wt%, 60 to 90 wt%, or 65 wt% to 85 wt%.
- the balance of the flux may include copper, alumina, lead, chromium and/or zinc.
- SiO 2 may be 50 to 80 parts by weight, and CaO may be 15 to 40 parts by weight.
- a mixture of FeO, SiO 2 and CaO has a melting point of 1250° C. or 1200° C. or less.
- the flux may be used in 100 parts by weight to 1,000 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight to 600 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight to 400 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crushed material or powder.
- the flux is used less than 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the crushed material or powder, the phase separation between the metal phase and the slag is poor. If the amount of flux is excessive, the amount of waste becomes a problem because the amount of slag after processing is large.
- the lithium recovery agent includes chlorine and fluorine, and lithium in the crushed material or powder is recovered in the form of a lithium compound by the lithium recovery agent.
- the lithium compound is LiCl or/and LiF.
- the lithium recovery agent may be CaCl 2 , CaF 2 , FeCl 3 , CuCl 2 , FeF 2 or CuF 2 , and in particular CaCl 2 may be used.
- Fe and Ca in the lithium recovery agent are utilized as slag, and copper is recovered in the metal phase (alloy phase) to lower the melting point.
- the vapor pressure of LiCl at 1,400°C is about 0.95 atm and that of LiF is about 0.1 atm, which is related to the volatilization rate.
- LiCl volatilizes well and LiF has a relatively low volatilization rate, but by increasing the melting time, up to 90% of LiF in the molten metal can be recovered.
- the volatilization rate is defined as the ratio of volatilized Li to the total charged Li.
- LiCl and LiF start to react and volatilize from about 1,000 °C.
- the lithium recovery agent may be added so that the molar ratio of Cl/Li is 1.3 to 2.5.
- the temperature of dry melting is 1,600 °C or less, specifically 1,400 to 1,600 °C or 1,400 to 1,550 °C.
- the temperature of such dry melting is lower than the melting temperature of the valuable metal to be recovered due to the flux. Due to the flux, it is possible to recover at a low temperature, so it is possible to simplify the facility and save energy. Since the melting temperature of the flux is lower than that of dry melting, the flux has low viscosity in dry melting and absorbs and separates Al 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , C, Fe 2 O 3 impurities of crushed material or powder and separates the metal phase/slag. phase separation is performed.
- the metal phase and slag are separated by the difference in specific gravity, and some are dusted.
- Melting may be performed in a batch operation mode or a continuous operation mode.
- the melting time of the batch operation is 3 to 10 hours or 5 to 7 hours, and in the case of the continuous operation, the average residence time may be 1 to 5 hours or 1 to 2 hours. It oxidizes carbon by lancing oxygen during melting.
- the range of the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure in the furnace must be operated within the conditions of 10 -5.3 or less and 10 -11.2 atm or more in the melting temperature region. can be recovered as slag.
- Valuable metals reduced by the flux and remaining impurities are separated into metal phase/slag together with the slag.
- the separation principle is the difference in specific gravity between the metal phase and the oxide, so that the slag (oxide) is divided into the upper part and the metal phase into the lower part.
- the metal to be recovered is mainly located on the metal. 90 to 99% by weight of nickel, cobalt and copper contained in the crushed material or powder, respectively, are located on the metal. Alternatively, the amount of nickel, cobalt, and copper respectively located on the metal becomes 10 times or more of the amount located in the slag, specifically 10 to 20 times, 10 to 50 times, or 10 to 100 times.
- iron and manganese among the metals not to be recovered are mostly located in the slag, and 90 to 99 wt% of iron and manganese contained in the crushed material or powder may be located in the slag.
- cobalt, nickel and copper can be recovered as a metal through dry melting at a low temperature.
- the metal phase may then be separated for each metal component through pulverization and leaching.
- the metal phase (alloy) and the slag are separated during the melting process, and the metal phase is located at the bottom due to the difference in density.
- Lithium compounds are collected in the form of dust. There are two methods of collection: a method of recovering solid dust by using a ceramic filter, and a method of collecting dust in a scrubber (water).
- LiCl has high solubility in water (900 g/L) and is mostly soluble in water, and LiF has low solubility (about 1 g/L) and exists as a slurry in water.
- lithium phosphate is prepared from the lithium compound (S300).
- the lithium compound recovered in the form of dust is hydrolyzed (leached with water) (S310).
- Lithium compounds are easily hydrolyzed, whereas impurities such as Mn, Al, and Fe are mainly present in the form of oxides and Ni and Co are present in the form of metals, so that only lithium compounds can be selectively leached.
- CoCl 2 , CaCl 2 , MnCl 2 etc. synthesized in the melting process may be leached in the hydrolysis process.
- Hydrolysis may be carried out for 1 hour to 10 hours at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2 to 1:30 under stirring, and the temperature may be from room temperature to 50°C.
- the hydrolysis may be performed in a state in which the pH is lowered using an acid.
- Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid may be used to lower the pH, but not limited thereto.
- the lowered pH may be from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3.5, from 1 to 3 or from 2 to 3.5.
- Li2O and LiF are additionally leached to improve lithium recovery.
- the pH of the filtrate after hydrolysis is adjusted (S320).
- the pH is raised, raising the pH to 8 to 12 or 8 to 10.
- the pH adjustment can be carried out by mixing the sodium hydroxide solution under stirring.
- impurities such as Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, and Al remaining in the hydrolysis filtrate may be precipitated in the form of oxides or hydroxides to further separate from lithium.
- hydrolysis residue and the pH control residue generated in the above process are not discarded, but are reintroduced as raw materials for the melting process to minimize the loss of valuable metals.
- the reaction between the filtrate and the phosphate may be carried out at room temperature to 50° C. under stirring for 20 minutes to 3 hours.
- Phosphate may be H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 or NaH 2 PO 4 , and the amount used may be 1.2 to 3 or 1.2 to 1.8 equivalents of lithium.
- Washing may be performed under stirring at room temperature using water.
- shreds and powder were obtained from waste electric vehicle batteries of Samsung SDI, LG Chem, and SK Innovation through safety shredding and pulverization.
- the composition of the obtained crushed material is shown in Table 1 below.
- FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-based slag a by-product of the melting process of zinc remnants of Youngpoong was used.
- the composition of the flux is shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 5A is a battery module
- FIG. 5B is a crushed material
- FIG. 5C is a powder
- FIG. 5D is a flux.
- the lithium recovery agent CaCl 2 or CaF 2 was used.
- the crushed material, flux and lithium recovery agent are mixed in various ratios, and after reaching 1,550°C (5°C/min temperature rise), melt for 1 hour and O 2 lancing (0.6L/min) 3 hours after 2 hours stabilization (metal/slag separation) ) was done. The melting time was also changed.
- CaCl 2 was used as a lithium recovery agent so that Cl was 2.0 times the equivalent of Li, and the slag and metal phases were observed while changing the use ratio of crushed material and flux.
- Table 3 shows the distribution ratio of valuable metals for each category.
- the distribution ratio indicates the mass% of valuable metals distributed to each division (slag, metal phase, dust) when the total amount is expressed as 100%.
- the weight ratio of the crushed material and the flux was 40:60, and the lithium recovery rate was measured while varying the lithium recovery agent for each type.
- the weight ratio of the crushed material to the flux was 40:60, and the equivalent of Cl/Li or Cl/F was 2.0, and the lithium recovery rate according to the reaction time was measured.
- Lithium phosphate was prepared from lithium dust obtained under the condition that the weight ratio of the crushed material and the flux was 40:60, CaCl 2 was used as the lithium recovery agent, and the equivalent ratio of Cl/Li was 2.0.
- Lithium exists in the form of LiCl or LiCl ⁇ (H 2 O), Li 2 CO 3 , and thus is easily hydrolyzed.
- Impurities such as Mn, Al, and Fe exist in the form of oxides, and Ni and Co exist in the form of metals.
- the components of the dust are shown in Table 4, and the unit is % by weight.
- Lithium dust was hydrolyzed at a concentration of 100 g/L at 30° C., 3 hr, and 250 rpm. As shown in Table 5 below, most of the Li was leached from the initial component (input) versus the component (output) of the leaching filtrate. The unit is g/L.
- the pH was increased by adding 50% NaOH to the leaching filtrate at 30° C., 1 hr, and 250 rpm. As shown in FIG. 10, lithium was not precipitated at pH 8 or higher, but impurities such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Al and Ca contained oxides or hydroxides. was removed by precipitation in the form of
- hydrolysis residues and pH-adjusted residues are reintroduced as raw materials in the melting process without being treated as waste, and can be recovered without loss of separated valuable metals.
- Table 7 shows the composition of the filtrate at pH 11, and it can be seen that most impurities other than Li have been removed.
- the unit is mg/L.
- Phosphate was added to prepare lithium phosphate from the filtrate from which impurities were further removed through pH adjustment.
- Phosphate was H 3 PO 4 , and mixing conditions were 30° C., 1 hr, and 250 rpm.
- As phosphate 1.5 equivalents of lithium were used. The above process will be further described as follows.
- Dust contains LiCl, LiF, Li 2 O and CoCl 2 , CaCl 2 , MnCl 2 and other substances synthesized by Cl (all are well soluble in water during hydrolysis) and Cu 2 Cl(OH) 3 , CuO, Al 2 O 3 , CoNi, Fe 3 O 4 , etc. (see XRD data) Insoluble oxides exist in water.
- Dust is dissolved in water to dissolve Li and highly soluble substances first, and when the pH of the filtered solution is raised, Co, Cu, Mn, Ca, etc. dissolved in water are precipitated as metal oxides and separated (CuO, Co 3 O 4 ) , MnO, CaCO 3 , Al 2 O 3 , etc.).
- lithium phosphate was obtained by washing with water at room temperature, 10 min, and 250 rpm.
- Preparation Example 2 of Lithium Phosphate from a Lithium Compound—Addition of Acid During Hydrolysis Lithium phosphate was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that an acid was used during hydrolysis.
- the pH was increased by adding 50% NaOH to the leaching filtrate at 30° C., 1 hr, and 250 rpm. As shown in FIG. 13, lithium was not precipitated at pH 8 or higher, but impurities such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Al and Ca were precipitated and removed in the form of oxides or hydroxides. Hydrolysis residues and pH control residues are not treated as wastes. All of the valuable metals separated by re-injection as raw materials in the melting process can be recovered without loss.
- Table 11 shows the composition of the filtrate at pH 11, and it can be seen that most impurities other than Li have been removed.
- the unit is mg/L.
- Phosphate was added to prepare lithium phosphate from the filtrate from which impurities were further removed through pH adjustment.
- Phosphate was H 3 PO 4 , and mixing conditions were 30° C., 1 hr, and 250 rpm.
- As phosphate 1.5 equivalents of lithium were used. The above process will be further described as follows.
- Dust contains LiCl, LiF, Li 2 O, and materials synthesized by Cl such as CoCl 2 , CaCl 2 , MnCl 2 (all soluble in water during hydrolysis) and Cu 2 Cl(OH) 3 , CuO, Al 2 O 3 , CoNi, Fe 3 O 4 , etc. (see XRD data) Insoluble oxides exist in water.
- lithium phosphate was obtained by washing with water at room temperature, 10 min, and 250 rpm.
- the analysis results of the obtained lithium phosphate were shown in FIG. 14 and Table 12, and the purity was 99.95%. The unit is % by weight.
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Abstract
Description
| 파쇄물 | Li | Co | Ni | Cu | Al | Mn | Fe | C |
| % | 3.4 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 4.2 | 7.4 | 0.0 | 28.5 |
| Clean slag | FeO | SiO2 | CaO | Cu | Al2O3 | Cr | Zn |
| % | 39.5 | 23.2 | 7.9 | 0.4 | 7.2 | 0.01 | 3.9 |
| 구분 (%) | Li | Co | Ni | Cu | Fe | Mn |
| 슬래그 | 7.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 98.8 | 70.5 |
| 금속상 | 0 | 96.7 | 98.6 | 96.6 | 1.2 | 27.6 |
| 더스트 | 92.4 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0 | 1.9 |
| 합계 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Li dust | 11.4 | 7.36 | 0.89 | 0.49 | 3.94 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.54 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Filtrate (Solution) |
11.21 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 2.86 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.127 |
| Leaching Efficiency (%) | 99.5 | 7.5 | 81.2 | 7.1 | 78.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 21.7 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Residue | 0.02 | 32.08 | 0.33 | 3.38 | 1.21 | 0.09 | 0.85 | 1.52 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Feed Solution |
11,207 | 434 | 347 | 381 | 2,862 | 1.214 | 0.986 | 127 |
| After purification |
11,149 | 0.02 | N.D | 0.01 | N.D | N.D | N.D | 0.01 |
| Elements | Na | Ca | Mg | Fe | Co | Ni | Mn | Cu | Pb | Al | Purity |
| Li3PO4 | 0.0233 | 0.0231 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0017 | 0.0002 | 99.951 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Filtrate (g/L) | 11.39 | 6.32 | 0.74 | 0.26 | 3.80 | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.20 |
| Leaching Efficiency (%) | 99.9 | 85.9 | 82.8 | 52.3 | 96.5 | 0.6 | 20.1 | 37.4 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Residue | 0.38 | 35.33 | 6.33 | 6.33 | 4.67 | 5.97 | 5.33 | 11.33 |
| Elements | Li | Cu | Co | Ni | Mn | Al | Fe | Ca |
| Feed solution | 11,388 | 6,323 | 736.6 | 256.4 | 3,803 | 1.1 | 52.2 | 202.1 |
| After purification | 11,332 | 0.022 | N.D | 0.009 | N.D | N.D | N.D | 0.011 |
| Elements | Na | Ca | Mg | Fe | Co | Ni | Mn | Cu | Pb | Al | Purity |
| Li3PO4 | 0.0191 | 0.0201 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0003 | 0.0002 | 99.959 |
Claims (18)
- 건식용융법을 이용한 폐리튬이차전지로부터 리튬을 회수하는 방법에 있어서,니켈, 코발트, 구리 및 리튬을 포함하는 폐리튬이차전지, 1,400℃이하의 용융온도를 가지는 플럭스 및 리튬 회수제를 용융하여, 슬래그, 금속상 및 리튬화합물을 분리하여 얻는 단계를 포함하며,상기 리튬 회수제는 염소 및 불소 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하며,상기 니켈, 코발트 및 구리의 각각은 상기 슬래그에 비해 상기 금속상에 10배이상 포함되어 있는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 플럭스는 1,250℃ 이하의 용융온도를 가지는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 니켈, 구리 및 코발트의 합계 함량은 20중량% 내지 60중량%인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 폐리튬이차전지는니켈 15 내지 30중량%, 코발트 3 내지 10중량% 및 구리 1 내지 7중량%를 포함하며,탄소 20 내지 40중량%를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 폐리튬이차전지는 배터리모듈을 포함하며,상기 배터리모듈은 파쇄없이 용융되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 폐리튬이차전지는 배터리모듈을 포함하며,상기 배터리모듈은 방전을 거치지 않고 불활성 분위기에서 파쇄 또는 분쇄된 후 용융되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 플럭스는 FeO, SiO2 및 CaO를 포함하며,FeO, SiO2 및 CaO의 합계 함량은 65중량% 내지 85중량%인 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 플럭스의 용융온도는 1,000℃ 내지 1,250℃이며,상기 FeO 100중량부에 대해 상기 SiO2는 50 내지 80중량부이고 상기 CaO는 15 내지 40중량부이며,상기 플럭스는 상기 폐리튬이차전지 100중량부에 대해 100중량부 내지 800중량부를 사용하는 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 플럭스는 아연잔재 용융공정에서 얻어진 것인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 용융단계에서는,산소를 랜싱하여 상기 탄소를 산화시키는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 용융단계에서의 용융온도는 1,400℃ 내지 1,550℃이며,상기 폐리튬이차전지에 포함되어 있는 니켈, 코발트 및 구리는 각각 90중량% 내지 99중량%가 상기 금속상에 포함되어 있는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬화합물은 LiCl 및 LiF 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 리튬화합물은 LiCl을 포함하며,용융 시 Cl/Li의 몰비는 1.3 내지 2.5인 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 리튬회수제는,CaCl2, CaF2, FeCl3, CuCl2, FeF2, CuF2 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 리튬화합물을 가수분해하는 단계;상기 가수분해의 여액의 pH가 올라가도록 pH를 조절하는 단계;및상기 pH조절 후의 여액에 인산염을 가하여 인산리튬을 얻는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 가수분해는 물만 사용하여 수행되는 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 가수분해는 pH를 낮춘 상태에서 수행되며,pH는 산의 사용에 의해 낮아지는 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 가수분해에서,pH는 1 내지 4이며,상기 산은 황산, 질산 및 염산 중 적어도 어느 하나를 이용하여 조절되는 방법.
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| EP21931928.2A EP4113700A4 (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-10 | METHOD FOR RECOVERING LITHIUM FROM WASTE LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY USING DRY MELTING |
| PH1/2022/552713A PH12022552713A1 (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-10 | Method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a pyrometallugical process |
| US17/914,268 US12359280B2 (en) | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-10 | Method for recovering lithium from a waste lithium secondary battery using a pyrometallugical process |
| JP2022560350A JP2023529256A (ja) | 2021-05-07 | 2021-06-10 | 乾式溶融方法を利用した廃リチウム二次電池からリチウムを回収する方法 |
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| JP2024159551A (ja) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-11-08 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 有価元素の回収方法および金属の製造方法 |
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| DE102021207544A1 (de) * | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-19 | Sms Group Gmbh | Verfahren zum Recyceln von Li-Ion Batterien |
| KR20230042933A (ko) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-03-30 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지로부터 리튬 전구체의 회수 방법 |
| CN116768245B (zh) * | 2023-07-27 | 2025-10-28 | 徐光耀 | 一种含锂铝电解质的分离富集方法 |
| KR102932414B1 (ko) | 2023-09-11 | 2026-02-26 | 에스케이에코플랜트(주) | 폐배터리 재활용 공정 폐액으로부터의 리튬 회수 방법 |
| JP7845576B2 (ja) * | 2024-03-14 | 2026-04-14 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 水性溶液回収方法 |
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| JP2023529256A (ja) | 2023-07-10 |
| PH12022552713A1 (en) | 2024-03-25 |
| US12359280B2 (en) | 2025-07-15 |
| EP4113700A1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| KR20230037018A (ko) | 2023-03-15 |
| EP4113700A4 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
| US20240209474A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
| CN115769414A (zh) | 2023-03-07 |
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