WO2022244432A1 - 構造物の補強・補修方法、及び、構造物 - Google Patents
構造物の補強・補修方法、及び、構造物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244432A1 WO2022244432A1 PCT/JP2022/012140 JP2022012140W WO2022244432A1 WO 2022244432 A1 WO2022244432 A1 WO 2022244432A1 JP 2022012140 W JP2022012140 W JP 2022012140W WO 2022244432 A1 WO2022244432 A1 WO 2022244432A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- prepreg
- reinforcing
- meth
- repairing
- acrylate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
- B29C73/04—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
- B29C73/04—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements
- B29C73/10—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements using patches sealing on the surface of the article
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4895—Polyethers prepared from polyepoxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/672—Esters of acrylic or alkyl acrylic acid having only one group containing active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structure reinforcement/repair method, and a structure obtained by the structure reinforcement/repair method.
- Reinforced fiber composite materials reinforced with reinforcing fibers such as carbon fiber and glass fiber are attracting attention for their excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength while being lightweight.
- Demand is increasing for use in various structural applications and for repairing civil engineering and construction materials.
- an intermediate material called prepreg in which reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a thermosetting resin, is used to harden and mold by autoclave molding or press molding.
- hand lay-up molding is performed by attaching a carbon fiber sheet to the repaired area and impregnating it with resin that hardens at room temperature.
- a pasting molding method is used.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin compositions are generally used. It is used frequently. However, since the curing reaction of prepregs using epoxy resin is slow, high molding temperatures are required and curing progresses gradually even at room temperature. . Therefore, the development of a radically polymerizable resin composition capable of achieving high productivity and stability at room temperature is underway.
- reinforcing fiber sheets impregnated with thermosetting resin are pasted or wound on the surface, and then hardened at room temperature to reinforce the structure. - It is being repaired (see Patent Document 1).
- an FRP plate bonding method has been developed in which factory-produced plate-shaped fiber-reinforced plastic materials are bonded together using putty-like adhesive resin.
- this method uses plate-shaped fiber-reinforced plastic materials, there is a problem that it cannot be used to reinforce or repair structures with uneven or curved surfaces.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is a structure reinforcement/repair method that is excellent in shortening the construction period and improving workability, and a structure that is excellent in mechanical strength obtained by using the structure reinforcement/repair method. is to provide
- the present inventors have found that by bonding a cured product obtained by curing a specific prepreg under specific conditions to a structure, the rapid curing (short-time curing) of the prepreg and A structure having the mechanical strength necessary for reinforcement and repair can be obtained by shortening the construction period and improving workability based on low-temperature curability, and by bonding and integrating the cured product to the surface of the structure.
- the present invention was completed by discovering a method for reinforcing and repairing structures that can be used.
- the present invention provides a method for reinforcing/repairing a structure, a) a step of laminating and shaping prepregs according to the shape of the surface of the structure; b) a step of vacuum-pressurizing the laminated and shaped prepreg; c) heat-curing the vacuum-pressurized prepreg to produce a cured prepreg; d) adhering the cured product to the surface of the structure;
- the prepreg contains a resin composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) and a polymerization initiator (B), and reinforcing fibers (C),
- the present invention relates to a method for reinforcing/repairing a structure, wherein the polymerization initiator (B) has a 10-hour half-life temperature of 60 to 75°C.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) is preferably urethane (meth)acrylate and/or epoxy (meth)acrylate.
- the urethane (meth)acrylate is a reaction product of a compound having a hydroxyl group containing a polyisocyanate compound and a compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group. is preferred.
- the polyisocyanate compound is 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a carbodiimide modified product of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polymethylene.
- At least one or more polyisocyanates selected from the group consisting of polyphenyl polyisocyanates are preferred.
- the gel time (100°C) of the prepreg is preferably 50 to 350 seconds.
- the prepreg preferably cures at 120°C or less and within 15 minutes.
- the melt viscosity (100° C.) of the resin composition is 0.00 in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement under the conditions of a heating rate of 15° C./min and a frequency of 1 Hz. It is preferably 4 to 900 Pa ⁇ s.
- the present invention relates to a structure characterized by being obtained by the reinforcing/repairing method for the structure.
- the method for reinforcing and repairing a structure of the present invention uses a specific prepreg for a structure, and under specific conditions, integrates the structure and a cured product obtained using the prepreg, It is useful because a structure can be obtained that has improved workability and mechanical strength necessary for reinforcement and repair.
- the prepreg used in the present invention contains a resin composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) and a polymerization initiator (B), and reinforcing fibers (C), and the polymerization initiator (
- the 10-hour half-life temperature of B) is 60 to 75°C.
- the reinforcing fiber (C) in the prepreg the cured product obtained from the prepreg and the structure are integrated to obtain excellent mechanical strength, and the polymerization initiator contained in the resin composition
- the half-life temperature of (B) is within the above range, low-temperature curability and rapid curability (short-term curability) advantageous for application can be achieved, which is useful.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) is not particularly limited, and may be a polymer or a monomer.
- urethane (meth)acrylate and/or epoxy (meth)acrylate are examples of urethane (meth)acrylate and/or epoxy (meth)acrylate.
- a styrene compound together with the urethane (meth)acrylate and epoxy (meth)acrylate, a styrene compound, a monofunctional (meth)acrylate compound, a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate compound, a di(meth)acrylate compound, and an inorganic
- These may contain saturated polyesters and the like, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use of these ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resins (A) is preferable because the prepreg obtained is excellent in workability and moldability, and molded articles excellent in various physical properties such as heat resistance can be obtained.
- Epoxy (meth)acrylate The epoxy (meth)acrylate can be obtained by reacting an epoxy resin with (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrylic anhydride.
- the obtained prepreg is excellent in workability and moldability, and a molded article excellent in various physical properties such as heat resistance can be obtained, which is preferable.
- epoxy resins used for the epoxy (meth)acrylate include bisphenol type epoxy resins, novolac type epoxy resins, and oxazolidone-modified epoxy resins.
- the urethane (meth)acrylate is preferably a reaction product of a polyisocyanate compound and a compound having a hydroxyl group containing a compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group.
- the use of the urethane (meth)acrylate is preferable because the prepreg obtained is excellent in workability and moldability, and a molded article excellent in various physical properties such as heat resistance can be obtained.
- urethane (meth)acrylate from the viewpoint of obtaining molded articles excellent in various physical properties such as heat resistance, for example, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and bisphenol A and urethane (meth)acrylates composed of alkylene oxide adducts of.
- the polyisocyanate compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, carbodiimide-modified 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate. At least one or more polyisocyanates are preferred. It is preferable to use the polyisocyanate because the obtained urethane (meth)acrylate can be a molded article having excellent various physical properties such as heat resistance.
- the reinforcing fiber (C) has a high affinity for the surface of the reinforcing fiber (C).
- a prepreg having improved adhesion to the fiber (C) and a cured product using the prepreg can be obtained.
- the polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate is represented by the following general formula (1). These polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- n is an integer of 1 or more.
- polyisocyanate compound containing polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate examples include "Millionate MR-100” and “Millionate MR-200” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and "WANNATE” manufactured by Wanhua Japan Co., Ltd. PM-200”, “WANNATE PM-400", “Cosmonate M-1500” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., "Boranate M-595" manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the polyisocyanate compound may contain diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in addition to the polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate.
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- the crosslink density of the resulting urethane (meth)acrylate can be adjusted, and a cured product having excellent toughness can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and carbodiimide modified 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. is preferred.
- polyols having a number average molecular weight of 1000 or less such as a nurate modified product, a burette modified product, a urethane imine modified product, and diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- Aromatic polyisocyanate such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate modified polyol modified with, tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), tolidine diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate Isocyanates;
- Alicyclic polyisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diiso
- the compound having a hydroxyl group preferably contains a compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group.
- the urethane (meth)acrylate obtained by using the compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group is excellent in workability and moldability, excellent in various physical properties such as heat resistance, and useful.
- Examples of compounds having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group include hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates.
- these compounds having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates examples include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxy-n-butyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate. , 2-hydroxy-n-butyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxy-n-butyl (meth)acrylate and the like, and 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate is preferred.
- These hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group preferably ranges from 35 to 75% by mass, more preferably 40 to 70% by mass, from the viewpoint of heat resistance in the compound having a hydroxyl group. .
- the content of the compound having a hydroxyl group in the resin composition (solid content) used in the prepreg of the present invention is preferably in the range of 30 to 80% by mass, more preferably 35 to 75% by mass. is more preferred.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group it is preferable to use a polyol other than the compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth)acryloyl group, since the toughness of the obtained cured product is further improved.
- Examples of the other polyol include, but are not limited to, alkylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, alkylene oxide adducts of aromatic diols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polyether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyalkylene polyols, and the like. be able to. These polyols can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the molar ratio (NCO/OH) between the isocyanate group (NCO) of the polyisocyanate compound and the hydroxyl group (OH) of the compound having a hydroxyl group, which is the raw material of the urethane (meth)acrylate, is the stability of the prepreg hardness. From the viewpoint of, 0.7 to 1.2 is preferable, and 0.9 to 1.0 is more preferable.
- styrene compound which is another ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) that can be contained (used) together with the urethane (meth)acrylate or epoxy (meth)acrylate
- examples of the styrene compound include styrene, methylstyrene, halogenated styrene, divinylbenzene and the like
- the monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylates, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, methylbenzyl (meth)acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, methylphen
- di(meth)acrylate compound examples include dimethacrylate of an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, tricyclodecane dimethanol dimethacrylate, 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate, hydrogenated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, polytetramethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 9,9-bis[4-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene, Dimethacrylate of ethylene oxide adduct of isosorbide, dimethacrylate of ethylene oxide adduct of hydrogenated bisphenol A, trimethacrylate of ethylene oxide adduct of trimethylolpropane, tetramethacrylate of ethylene oxide adduct of pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol Ethylene oxide adduct hexamethacrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate
- Examples of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dibasic acid used in preparing the unsaturated polyester include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and itaconic anhydride.
- saturated dibasic acids include phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, halogenated phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, dimer acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2 ,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, and dialkyl esters thereof, aromatic dibasic acids, halogenated Saturated dibasic acid etc.
- the saturated dibasic acid may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable that the basic acid is 0 to 30 mol %.
- polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, hydrogen bisphenol A, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-ethyl-1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4 -trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, tetrabromobisphenol A represented by dihydric phenol and propylene oxide
- the polymerization initiator (B) has a 10-hour half-life temperature of 60 to 75°C, preferably 60 to 70°C. As long as it is the polymerization initiator (B), it is not particularly limited. Organic peroxides are preferred from the viewpoint of shortening the molding time (rapid curability).
- organic peroxide examples include diacyl peroxide compounds, peroxyester compounds, hydroperoxide compounds, ketone peroxide compounds, alkyl perester compounds, percarbonate compounds, peroxyketals, and the like. It can be selected as appropriate.
- These polymerization initiators (B) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the prepreg has a long life at room temperature and can be cured in a short time (within 15 minutes) by heating (rapid curing).
- the prepreg of the present invention is preferable because it has low-temperature curability that is advantageous during construction, and curability and moldability are further improved by using the prepreg of the invention.
- the content of the polymerization initiator (B) is 0.3 to 3.0% by mass in the resin composition (solid content) used in the prepreg of the present invention, since both curing characteristics and storage stability are excellent. is preferred, and 0.5 to 2.5% by mass is more preferred.
- the melt viscosity (100° C.) of the resin composition used for the prepreg of the present invention was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device (MCR302, manufactured by Anton Paar Japan Co., Ltd., measuring jig diameter 25 mm) at a heating rate of 15° C. /min and a frequency of 1 Hz, it is preferably 0.4 to 900 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 450 Pa ⁇ s.
- MCR302 manufactured by Anton Paar Japan Co., Ltd., measuring jig diameter 25 mm
- the melt viscosity is within the range, when the reinforcing fiber (C) is coated and impregnated with the resin composition, the product basis weight (mass) is stable, and the quality of the obtained prepreg product is improved. It becomes stable (product stability) and useful.
- the reinforcing fiber (C) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and durability, carbon fiber is preferable, and more preferably, high-strength carbon fiber can be obtained.
- carbon fiber is preferable, and more preferably, high-strength carbon fiber can be obtained.
- Various types such as rayon-based fibers can be used, and among them, polyacrylonitrile-based fibers are preferable because high-strength carbon fibers can be easily obtained.
- the shape of the reinforcing fiber (C) is not particularly limited, and includes a reinforcing fiber tow in which reinforcing fiber filaments are bundled, a unidirectional material in which reinforcing fiber tows are aligned in one direction, a woven fabric, or a short cut reinforcing fiber. Although a nonwoven fabric made of this material can be mentioned, it is preferable to use a unidirectional material as the reinforcing fiber, and to obtain high mechanical properties by laminating and molding.
- the content of the reinforcing fiber (C) in the prepreg of the present invention is preferably in the range of 35 to 85% by mass, more preferably in the range of 45 to 75% by mass, because the mechanical strength of the resulting cured product is further improved. is more preferred.
- thermosetting resins such as thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins, polymerization inhibitors, curing accelerators, fillers, low shrinkage agents, and release agents.
- a thickener such as a viscosity reducer, a pigment, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, an antibacterial agent, an ultraviolet stabilizer, a reinforcing material, a photocuring agent, and the like.
- the prepreg of the present invention is formed in an uncured or semi-cured state by reacting the resin composition and using the prepreg of the present invention. It is preferable because it can achieve high heat resistance and rapid curability (short-time curability), and is excellent in shortening the construction period and workability.
- the method for producing the prepreg is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing resin (A) can be (For example, a polyisocyanate compound and a urethane (meth) acrylate which is a reaction product of a compound having a hydroxyl group containing a compound having a hydroxyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group), a polymerization initiator (B) (for example, an organic peroxide material), and other components (e.g., polyol corresponding to the compound having a hydroxyl group) are mixed into a resin composition (solution), impregnated with reinforcing fibers (C) (e.g., carbon fibers), and further, from the top surface Sandwiching with release paper or release film, rolling with a rolling mill to obtain a sheet (step 1), followed by an isocyanate group possessed by the polyisocyanate compound and a compound having
- the reaction temperature is about 40 to 80° C.
- the reaction time is about 1 to 30 minutes.
- the polyisocyanate and the compound having a hydroxyl group may be partially reacted in advance to the extent that the impregnation of the reinforcing fibers (C) is not impaired.
- the prepreg sandwiched by release paper or the like is aged at 10 to 50° C. for 12 to 48 hours (step 3) to obtain a prepreg used for preparing a cured product.
- the thickness of the prepreg of the present invention is preferably 15 to 1000 ⁇ m, It is more preferably 20 to 500 ⁇ m. By adjusting the thickness to the above range, handling becomes easy when laminating the prepreg, and impregnation of the resin composition becomes satisfactory, which is preferable.
- the prepreg is preferably cured at a heating temperature of 120°C or less and within 15 minutes for a heating time, and more preferably at a temperature of 115°C or less and within 12 minutes.
- a heating temperature 120°C or less and within 15 minutes for a heating time
- a temperature of 115°C or less and within 12 minutes are within the above ranges.
- the gel time (100°C) of the prepreg is preferably 50 to 350 seconds, more preferably 70 to 320 seconds. When the gel time is within the above range, workability and moldability are excellent, which is preferable.
- the present invention relates to a structure characterized by being obtained by the reinforcing/repairing method for a structure.
- the structure preferably has excellent mechanical strength and durability because the cured prepreg is integrated.
- the present invention provides a method for reinforcing and repairing a structure, a) a step of laminating and shaping prepregs according to the shape of the surface of the structure; b) a step of vacuum-pressurizing the laminated and shaped prepreg; c) heat-curing the vacuum-pressurized prepreg to produce a cured prepreg; and d) bonding the cured product to the surface of the structure.
- the prepreg containing reinforcing fibers is laminated or shaped according to the shape of the surface of the structure, so that it conforms to the shape of the surface.
- a prepreg is prepared (step a)).
- the prepreg conforming to the shape of the surface is placed in a vacuum pack or the like and vacuum-pressurized to prepare a vacuum-packed prepreg while maintaining the shape of the prepreg (step b)).
- the curing reaction is accelerated to prepare a cured product of the prepreg (step c)).
- the cured product exists in a vacuum pack, the cured product is taken out from the vacuum pack.
- vacuum-packing and curing it is possible to obtain a cured product conforming to the surface shape.
- a cured product that matches the shape of the surface is adhered (bonded) using an adhesive, and the structure and the cured product are integrated ( step d)).
- the structure can be reinforced and repaired, for example, by bonding the cured product according to the surface shape of the defect or defect. It has excellent mechanical strength and is useful.
- the adhesive a known adhesive can be used, for example, a two-liquid type adhesive using an epoxy resin or the like can be used.
- Specific examples of the adhesive include a room-temperature curing two-liquid epoxy adhesive manufactured by ThreeBond and a two-liquid mixing type room-temperature curing adhesive manufactured by Konishi Co., Ltd. whose main components are epoxy resin and silicone polymer.
- Preparation of cured product As a method for preparing a cured product by performing final curing using the prepreg, a plurality of prepregs are used, laminated or shaped according to the shape of the surface of the structure, vacuum packed, and the above By heating the prepreg that matches the shape of the surface together with the vacuum pack and performing final curing, a plurality of prepregs are adhered to each other, and a cured product (laminate) that matches the shape of the surface can be prepared. Further, the degree of vacuum attained by the vacuum pack is preferably ⁇ 50 kPa or less, more preferably ⁇ 90 kPa or less.
- a method of obtaining a cured product using the prepreg after laminating 2 to 30 sheets of the prepreg, vacuum packing is performed at -50 kPa to -90 kPa, and a heating oven or the like is heated to 100 ° C. to 160 ° C. in advance.
- a heating oven or the like By heating, putting the vacuum-packed laminated prepreg in the heating oven or the like, and heating and holding for 1 to 15 minutes, the prepreg that matches the shape of the surface is cured and a cured product can be obtained.
- a method or the like is used in which the cured product is taken out from the vacuum pack to obtain a cured product conforming to the shape of the surface.
- the hydroxyl equivalent (g/eq) of the polyol or the like used the value measured by the neutralization titration method specified in JIS K0070 (1992) was used.
- the hydroxyl equivalent weight of the polyol is preferably 50 to 400 g/eq, more preferably 90 to 300 g/eq.
- melt viscosity of resin composition (100°C) The melt viscosity at 100° C. of the resin composition used in the present invention was evaluated by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement using a viscoelasticity measuring device (MCR302, manufactured by Anton Paar Japan Co., Ltd., measuring jig diameter 25 mm). The dynamic viscoelasticity measurement was performed under the following conditions. Temperature conditions: Room temperature (23°C) to 150°C Heating rate: 15°C/min Frequency: 1Hz
- the melt viscosity (100° C.) of the resin composition is preferably 0.4 to 900 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 450 Pa ⁇ s.
- the release film was peeled off from both sides of the prepreg, and the gel time of the prepreg from which the release film was peeled was measured at 100 ° C. and 110 ° C., respectively, by a method based on the curing property test specified in JASO M 406-87. Twenty-four samples cut into 5 cm pieces were laminated, and the gel time (seconds) was measured using the laminated prepreg.
- the gel time at 100° C. is preferably 50 to 350 seconds, more preferably 70 to 320 seconds.
- the gel time at 110° C. is preferably 20 to 300 seconds, more preferably 30 to 200 seconds.
- Example 1 (Preparation of resin composition (1) for prepreg) A mixture of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate ("Millionate MR-200" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) 50 parts by mass, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 50 parts by mass, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ( HEMA) 66 parts by mass, Newpol BPE-20 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.: EO adduct of bisphenol A, hydroxyl equivalent; 164 g / eq) 25 parts by mass, Newpol BPE-40 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.: bisphenol A EO adduct, hydroxyl equivalent: 204 g / eq) 31 parts by mass, and a polymerization initiator (Kayaku Nourion Co., Ltd.
- Millionate MR-200 manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- the prepreg (1) is vacuum-packed using a vacuum packing machine at a vacuum level of ⁇ 90 kPa, placed in an oven preheated to 100° C. and 110° C. for 10 minutes, and held therein. was cured to obtain a cured product, and the moldability of the cured product at each temperature was evaluated.
- Trigonox 122-80C 1,1-di (tert-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, 3 parts by mass of 10-hour half-life temperature of 87°C) were mixed at room temperature (23°C), placed in a polyethylene bag, and aged at 45°C for 24 hours to obtain a prepreg resin composition (R1) (100°C Melt viscosity: 375 Pa ⁇ s) was obtained.
- R1 100°C Melt viscosity: 375 Pa ⁇ s
- prepreg (R1)) A mixture of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate ("Millionate MR-200" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) 50 parts by mass, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate 50 parts by mass, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ( HEMA) 66 parts by mass, Newpol BPE-20 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.: EO adduct of bisphenol A, hydroxyl equivalent; 164 g / eq) 25 parts by mass, Newpol BPE-40 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.: bisphenol A EO adduct of, hydroxyl equivalent: 204 g / eq) 31 parts by mass, and a polymerization initiator (Kayaku Nourion Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 a desired prepreg was used, and a cured product excellent in moldability and interlaminar shear strength was obtained by going through a step of vacuum pressurization at 100 ° C. did it.
- Example 2 a desired prepreg was used, and a cured product excellent in moldability and interlaminar shear strength was obtained by undergoing a step of vacuum pressurization at 110 ° C. according to the decomposition temperature of the organic peroxide. It was confirmed that On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the same prepreg as in Examples 1 and 2 was used, but the step of vacuum pressurization was not performed, so that the cured product was inferior in moldability and interlaminar shear strength. was confirmed.
- Example 2 In Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, an attempt was made to obtain a cured product (cured plate) by heating the prepreg at 100°C. Because of the high viscosity, the low-temperature curability was poor, and a cured product itself could not be obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization initiator (B) used in producing the prepreg was not within the desired range, and a high temperature was used. However, the performance of the organic peroxide was insufficient, the gel time could not be measured, and the cured product itself could not be obtained.
- a cured product obtained by curing a specific prepreg under specific conditions is adhered to the structure, thereby shortening the construction period based on the fast curing (short-time curing) and low-temperature curing properties of the prepreg.
- Workability is improved, and by bonding and integrating the cured product to the surface of the structure, a structure having the mechanical strength necessary for reinforcement and repair can be obtained.
- It can be used as a vehicle member, an aerospace aircraft member, a ship member, a housing equipment member, a sports member, a light vehicle member, a construction and civil engineering member, and a housing for OA equipment, etc. suitable for use.
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Abstract
Description
a)プリプレグを前記構造物の表面の形状に合わせて、積層・賦形する工程と、
b)前記積層・賦形した前記プリプレグを真空加圧する工程と、
c)前記真空加圧した前記プリプレグを加熱硬化し、前記プリプレグの硬化物を製造する工程と、
d)前記硬化物を、前記構造物の前記表面に接着する工程と、を含み、
前記プリプレグが、エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)、及び、重合開始剤(B)を含有する樹脂組成物、並びに、強化繊維(C)を含有し、
前記重合開始剤(B)の10時間半減期温度が、60~75℃であることを特徴とする構造物の補強・補修方法に関する。
本発明で用いられるプリプレグは、エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)、及び、重合開始剤(B)を含有する樹脂組成物、並びに、強化繊維(C)を含有し、前記重合開始剤(B)の10時間半減期温度が、60~75℃であることを特徴とする。前記プリプレグは、強化繊維(C)を使用することで、前記プリプレグより得られる硬化物と構造物が一体化し、優れた機械的強度が得られ、また、樹脂組成物に含有される重合開始剤(B)の半減期温度が前記範囲内であることで、施工に有利な低温硬化性と、速硬化性(短時間硬化性)を実現することができ、有用である。
前記エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)は、特に制限されず、ポリマーであってもモノマーであっても構わないが、例えば、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、及び/又は、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートであることが好ましく、更に、前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートやエポキシ(メタ)アクリレートと共に、スチレン化合物、単官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物、水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレート化合物、ジ(メタ)アクリレート化合物、及び、不飽和ポリエステル等を含有することができる、これらは単独で用いることも、2種以上併用することもできる。これらのエチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)を使用することで、得られるプリプレグは、作業性及び成形性に優れ、耐熱性等の各種物性に優れる成形品が得られることから、好ましい。
前記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートとしては、エポキシ樹脂と(メタ)アクリル酸及び/又は(メタ)アクリル酸無水物とを反応させて得ることができる。前記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートを用いることで、得られるプリプレグは作業性及び成形性に優れ、耐熱性等の各種物性に優れる成形品が得られることから、好ましい。前記エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートに使用するエポキシ樹脂としては、ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、及び、オキサゾリドン変性エポキシ樹脂などが挙げられる。
前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートが、ポリイソシアネート化合物と、水酸基及び(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を含有する水酸基を有する化合物との反応物であることが好ましい。前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを用いることで、得られるプリプレグは、作業性及び成形性に優れ、耐熱性等の各種物性に優れる成形品が得られることから、好ましい。前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートとしては、耐熱性等の各種物性に優れる成形品が得られる観点から、例えば、ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートとビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキサイド付加物からなるウレタン(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。
前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートやエポキシ(メタ)アクリレートと共に含有(使用)することができるその他のエチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)である前記スチレン化合物としては、スチレン、メチルスチレン、ハロゲン化スチレン、ジビニルベンゼン等が挙げられ、前記単官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物としては、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルへキシル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロへキシル(メタ)アクリレート、イソボロニル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、メチルベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、メチルフェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、モルホリン(メタ)アクリレート、フェニルフェノキシエチルアクリレート、フェニルベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェニルメタクリレート、ジシクロペンテニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンテニルオキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルメタクリレート等が挙げられ、前記水酸基含有(メタ)アクリレート化合物としては、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられ、前記ジ(メタ)アクリレート化合物としては、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド付加物のジメタクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジメタクリレート、1,12-ドデカンジオールジメタクリレート、水素添加ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、ポリテトラメチレングリコールジメタクリレート、9,9-ビス[4-(2-メタクリロイルオキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレン、イソソルバイドのエチレンオキサイド付加物のジメタクリレート、水素添加ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド付加物のジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンのエチレンオキサイド付加物のトリメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールのエチレンオキサイド付加物のテトラメタクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールのエチレンオキサイド付加物のヘキサメタクリレート、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ビスフェノールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノールジ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられ、前記不飽和ポリエステルとしては、α,β-不飽和二塩基酸を含む二塩基酸成分と多価アルコ-ル成分、モノアルコール類の脱水縮合反応等によって、公知の方法で合成し、得られるものであり、好ましくは数平均分子量(Mn)が400~5000の範囲のものを用いることができる。
前記重合開始剤(B)としては、10時間半減期温度が、60~75℃であり、好ましくは60~70℃である。前記重合開始剤(B)であれば、特に制限されないが、例えば、常温(23℃)での安定性や、前記重合開始剤(B)を含有するプリプレグにより得られる硬化物の低温硬化性や成形時間短縮(速硬化性)の観点から、有機過酸化物が好ましい。
本発明のプリプレグに用いられる樹脂組成物の溶融粘度(100℃)としては、粘弾性測定装置(MCR302、株式会社アントンパール・ジャパン製、測定治具径25mm)を用いて、昇温速度15℃/分、及び、周波数1Hzの条件での動的粘弾性測定において、0.4~900Pa・sであることが好ましく、より好ましくは、1~450Pa・sである。前記溶融粘度が、前記範囲内であることにより、前記強化繊維(C)に前記樹脂組成物を塗工・含浸した際に、製品目付(質量)が安定し、得られるプリプレグの製品の品質が安定(製品安定性)し、有用となる。
前記強化繊維(C)としては、特に制限されないが、機械的強度や耐久性の観点から、炭素繊維が好ましく、より好ましくは、高強度の炭素繊維が得られることからポリアクリロニトリル系、ピッチ系、レーヨン系などの各種のものが使用でき、中でも、容易に高強度の炭素繊維が得られることから、ポリアクリロニトリル系のものが好ましい。
本発明のプリプレグは、前記樹脂組成物を反応させて用いることで、未硬化あるいは半硬化の状態に形成したものであり、本発明のプリプレグを使用することで、得られる硬化物は、低温硬化性や速硬化性(短時間硬化性)などを実現でき、工期の短縮や作業性に優れたものとなり、好ましい。
前記プリプレグの製造方法として、特に制限されず、公知の方法を使用できるが、例えば、プラネタリーミキサー、液体混合装置などの公知の混合機を用いて、前記エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)(例えば、ポリイソシアネート化合物と、水酸基及び(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物を含有する水酸基を有する化合物との反応物であるウレタン(メタ)アクリレート)、重合開始剤(B)(例えば、有機過酸化物)、及び、その他成分(例えば、前記水酸基を有する化合物に相当するポリオール)を混合した樹脂組成物(溶液)に、強化繊維(C)(例えば、炭素繊維)を含浸させ、さらに、上面から離型紙または離型フィルムで挟み込み、圧延機によって圧延し、シートを得る工程(工程1)、続いて、前記ポリイソシアネート化合物の有するイソシアネート基と、前記水酸基を有する化合物(例えば、ヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレートや、更に、前記ポリオールなど)の有する水酸基とを反応させる工程(工程2)により、プリプレグを得ることができる。前記反応条件としては、反応温度は、40~80℃程度であり、反応時間は、1~30分程度である。また、工程1において、強化繊維(C)への含浸性を害しない範囲で、前記ポリイソシアネート、前記水酸基を有する化合物を、あらかじめ一部反応させたものを用いることもできる。更に、離型紙等で挟み込んだプリプレグを、10~50℃で、12時間~48時間熟成(エージング)(工程3)し、硬化物の調製に使用するプリプレグを得ることができる。
20~500μmであることがより好ましい。前記厚みに調製することで、プリプレグを積層する際に、取り扱いが容易となり、樹脂組成物の含浸が良好になるため好ましい。
本発明は、前記構造物の補強・補修方法により得られることを特徴とする構造物に関する。前記構造物は、前記プリプレグの硬化物が一体することで、機械的強度や、耐久性に優れ、好ましい。
本発明は、構造物の補強・補修方法において、
a)プリプレグを前記構造物の表面の形状に合わせて、積層・賦形する工程と、
b)前記積層・賦形した前記プリプレグを真空加圧する工程と、
c)前記真空加圧した前記プリプレグを加熱硬化し、前記プリプレグの硬化物を製造する工程と、
d)前記硬化物を、前記構造物の前記表面に接着する工程と、を含むことを特徴とする構造物の補強・補修方法に関する。
続いて、前記表面の形状に整合するプリプレグを、真空パック等に入れ、真空加圧することで、プリプレグの形状を維持しつつ、真空パックされたプリプレグを調製する(工程b))。
前記真空加圧したプリプレグを加熱することで、硬化反応を促進し、前記プリプレグの硬化物を調製する(工程c))。
得られた前記硬化物は、真空パック内に存在するため、前記硬化物を真空パックから取り出す。なお、真空パックし、硬化させることで、前記表面形状に整合する硬化物を得ることができる。
そして、補強や補修を必要とする構造物の前記表面に、前記表面の形状に整合する硬化物を、接着剤を用いて、接着(接合)し、構造物と硬化物とを一体化する(工程d))。
前記工程a)~d)を含む構造物の補強・補修方法により、例えば、欠陥や欠損箇所の表面形状に合わせて硬化物を接着することで、構造物の補強・補修を行うことができ、機械的強度に優れ、有用である。
また、従来のように、強化繊維シートを貼り付けたり、巻き付けたりした後、エポキシ樹脂等の接着含浸樹脂を含浸させる必要がないため、作業性に優れて工期を短縮でき、また、すでに樹脂が含浸したプリプレグを用いるため、安定した補強・補修効果が得られ、有用である。
前記接着剤として、公知の接着剤を使用でき、例えば、エポキシ樹脂などを用いた、2液タイプの接着剤を使用することができる。前記接着剤として、具体的には、スリーボンド製の常温硬化型2液性エポキシ接着剤や、コニシ製のエポキシ樹脂とシリコンポリマーを主成分とした2液混合型常温硬化接着剤などが挙げられる。
前記プリプレグを用いて、最終硬化を行い、硬化物を調製する方法としては、プリプレグを複数枚用いて、構造物の表面の形状に合わせて、積層または賦形し、これを真空パックし、前記表面の形状に整合したプリプレグを真空パックごと加熱し、最終硬化を行うことで、複数枚のプリプレグが密着し、前記表面の形状に整合した硬化物(積層体)を調製することができる。また、真空パックの真空到達度は、-50kPa以下が好ましく、より好ましくは-90kPa以下である。
使用するポリオール等の水酸基当量(g/eq)の測定は、JIS K0070(1992)に規定される中和滴定法に準拠した方法で測定した値を用いた。なお、前記ポリオール等の水酸基当量として、耐熱性の観点から、50~400g/eqであることが好ましく、90~300g/eqであることがより好ましい。
本発明で使用される樹脂組成物の100℃における溶融粘度としては、粘弾性測定装置(MCR302、株式会社アントンパール・ジャパン製、測定治具径25mm)を用い動的粘弾性測定により評価した。なお、前記動的粘弾性測定の測定条件としては、以下の条件で行った。
温度条件:室温(23℃)~150℃
昇温速度:15℃/分
周波数:1Hz
前記樹脂組成物の溶融粘度(100℃)としては、0.4~900Pa・sであることが好ましく、より好ましくは、1~450Pa・sである。
プリプレグの両面から、離型フィルムを剥がし、離型フィルムを剥がしたプリプレグのゲルタイムを、100℃と110℃おそれぞれにおいて、JASO M 406-87に規定される硬化特性試験に準拠した方法で5cm×5cmに切り出したサンプルを24枚積層して、積層したプリプレグを用いて、ゲルタイム(秒)を測定した。
100℃におけるゲルタイムとしては、好ましくは、50~350秒であり、より好ましくは、70~320秒である。
110℃におけるゲルタイムとしては、好ましくは、20~300秒であり、より好ましくは、30~200秒である。
プリプレグを20枚積層した後、真空パック装置を用いて真空パックし、予め100℃と110℃に加熱したオーブンにそれぞれ10分間入れて、それぞれ得られた硬化物の表面を下記の基準に基づき確認し、成形性を評価した。
○:膨れ、及び、未硬化部分なし
×:膨れ、または、未硬化部分あり
上記で得られた硬化物から、幅10mm、長さ22mmの試験片を切り出し、この試験片について、JIS K7078に従い、層間せん断強度(MPa)を測定し、下記の基準に基づき、硬化物の層間の接着性を評価した。
〇:50MPa以上
×:50MPa未満
(プリプレグ用樹脂組成物(1)の調製)
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「カヤエステルTMPO-70」、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルパ-オキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、10時間半減期温度65℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、ポリエチレン製袋に入れ、45℃にて24時間エージングすることでプリプレグ用樹脂組成物(1)(100℃での溶融粘度:370Pa・s)を得た。
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「カヤエステルTMPO-70」、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルパ-オキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、10時間半減期温度65℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、離型処理をしたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(ニッパ社製、50μm、シリコン離型処理)の片面に塗布した後、ハンドレイアップ法により炭素繊維(三菱ケミカル社製「TRK979PQRW」)を炭素繊維含有量が50質量%となるように含浸させ、同じフィルムをかぶせた後、25℃1週間の条件にて、エージングさせることでプリプレグ(1)を作製した。このプリプレグ(1)のゲルタイムは、100℃で90秒、110℃で30秒であった。
前記プリプレグ(1)を20枚積層した後、真空パック装置を用いて真空到達度-90kPaで真空パックし、予め100℃と110℃にそれぞれ加熱したオーブンに10分入れて、保持することによってプリプレグを硬化させ、硬化物を得た後、それぞれの温度による硬化物の成形性を評価した。
(プリプレグ用樹脂組成物(2)の調製)
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「カヤエステルO」、tert-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、10時間半減期温度72℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、ポリエチレン製袋に入れ、45℃にて24時間エージングすることでプリプレグ用樹脂組成物(2)(100℃での溶融粘度:375Pa・s)を得た。
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「カヤエステルO」、tert-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、10時間半減期温度72℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、離型処理をしたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(ニッパ社製、50μm、シリコン離型処理)の片面に塗布した後、ハンドレイアップ法により炭素繊維(三菱ケミカル社製「TRK979PQRW」)を炭素繊維含有量が50質量%となるように含浸させ、同じフィルムをかぶせた後、25℃1週間の条件にて、エージングさせることでプリプレグ(2)を作製した。このプリプレグ(2)のゲルタイムは、100℃で300秒、110℃で110秒であった。
プリプレグ(2)を20枚積層した後、真空パック装置を用いて真空到達度-90kPaで真空パックし、予め100℃と110℃にそれぞれ加熱したオーブンに10分入れて、保持することによってプリプレグを硬化させ、硬化物を得た後、それぞれの温度による硬化物の成形性を評価した。
(硬化物の作成及び評価)
前記プリプレグ(1)を20枚積層した後、ガラス板に貼り付けて、予め100℃と110℃にそれぞれ加熱したオーブンに10分入れて、保持することによってプリプレグを硬化させ、硬化物を得た後、それぞれの温度による硬化物の成形性を評価した。
(硬化物の作成及び評価)
前記プリプレグ(2)を20枚積層した後、ガラス板に貼り付けて、予め100℃と110℃にそれぞれ加熱したオーブンに10分入れて、保持することによってプリプレグを硬化させ、硬化物を得た後、それぞれの温度による硬化物の成形性を評価した。
(プリプレグ用樹脂組成物(R1)の調製)
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、と、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「トリゴノックス122-80C」、1,1-ジ(tert-アミルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、10時間半減期温度87℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、ポリエチレン製袋に入れ、45℃にて24時間エージングすることでプリプレグ用樹脂組成物(R1)(100℃での溶融粘度:375Pa・s)を得た。
ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートと4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートとの混合物(東ソー株式会社製「ミリオネートMR-200」)50質量部、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート50質量部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)66質量部、ニューポールBPE-20(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;164g/eq)25質量部、ニューポールBPE-40(三洋化成株式会社製:ビスフェノールAのEO付加物、水酸基当量;204g/eq)31質量部、及び、重合開始剤(化薬ヌーリオン株式会社「トリゴノックス122-80C」、1,1-ジ(tert-アミルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、10時間半減期温度87℃)3質量部を室温(23℃)で混合し、離型処理をしたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(ニッパ社製、50μm、シリコン離型処理)の片面に塗布した後、ハンドレイアップ法により炭素繊維(三菱ケミカル社製「TRK979PQRW」)を炭素繊維含有量が50質量%となるように含浸させ、同じフィルムをかぶせた後、25℃1週間の条件にて、エージングさせることでプリプレグ(R1)を作製した。このプリプレグ(R1)のゲルタイムは、100℃及び110℃では硬化せず、測定・評価できなかったため、更に120℃、130℃、及び、140℃と昇温したところ、120℃では依然として硬化せず、130℃でのゲルタイムは80秒であり、140℃でのゲルタイムは50秒であった。
プリプレグ(R1)を20枚積層した後、真空パック装置を用いて真空到達度-90kPaで真空パックし、予め100℃と110℃にそれぞれ加熱したオーブンに10分入れて、保持することによってプリプレグを硬化させ、硬化物を得た後、それぞれの温度による硬化物の成形性を評価した。
一方、比較例1及び比較例2は、それぞれ実施例1及び実施例2と同じプリプレグを使用したが、真空加圧する工程を行わなかったため、硬化物の成形性に劣り、層間せん断強度に劣ることが確認された。実施例2と比較例2では、プリプレグを100℃で加熱して硬化物(硬化板)を得ようと試みたが、有機過酸化物の10時間半減期温度が、実施例1と比較して高いため、低温硬化性に劣り、硬化物自体を得ることができなかった。
また、比較例3では、プリプレグを製造する際に使用する重合開始剤(B)の10時間半減期温度が所望の範囲に含まれず、高い温度を示すものを使用したため、120℃以下の硬化温度では有機過酸化の性能不足となり、ゲルタイムが測定できず、また、硬化物自体を得ることができなかった。
Claims (8)
- 構造物の補強・補修方法において、
a)プリプレグを前記構造物の表面の形状に合わせて、積層・賦形する工程と、
b)前記積層・賦形した前記プリプレグを真空加圧する工程と、
c)前記真空加圧した前記プリプレグを加熱硬化し、前記プリプレグの硬化物を製造する工程と、
d)前記硬化物を、前記構造物の前記表面に接着する工程と、を含み、
前記プリプレグが、エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)、及び、重合開始剤(B)を含有する樹脂組成物、並びに、強化繊維(C)を含有し、
前記重合開始剤(B)の10時間半減期温度が、60~75℃であることを特徴とする構造物の補強・補修方法。 - 前記エチレン性不飽和基含有樹脂(A)が、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、及び/又は、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 前記ウレタン(メタ)アクリレートが、ポリイソシアネート化合物と、水酸基及び(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物とを含有する水酸基を有する化合物との反応物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 前記ポリイソシアネート化合物が、2,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートのカルボジイミド変性体、及び、ポリメチレンポリフェニルポリイソシアネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種以上のポリイソシアネートであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 前記プリプレグが、120℃以下で、15分以内で硬化することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 前記プリプレグのゲルタイム(100℃)が、50~350秒であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 前記樹脂組成物の溶融粘度(100℃)が、昇温速度15℃/分、及び、周波数1Hzの条件での動的粘弾性測定において、0.4~900Pa・sであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の構造物の補強・補修方法により得られることを特徴とする構造物。
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| KR1020237028622A KR102637386B1 (ko) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | 구조물의 보강·보수 방법, 및, 구조물 |
| EP22804351.9A EP4342663A4 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | METHOD FOR STRENGTHENING AND REPAIRING A STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURE |
| US18/287,067 US20240101774A1 (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | Method for reinforcing and repairing structure, and structure |
| JP2022576852A JP7288235B2 (ja) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | 構造物の補強・補修方法、及び、構造物 |
| CN202280022044.7A CN116997460B (zh) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-03-17 | 结构物的加强、修补方法以及结构物 |
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| JPH0857971A (ja) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-03-05 | Three Bond Co Ltd | 繊維強化複合材料及びその硬化方法 |
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| JPH09296615A (ja) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-18 | Toray Ind Inc | 構造物の補修・補強方法 |
| JP2000334874A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-05 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 常温硬化性シート状材料及びその硬化方法 |
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| US4560428A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1985-12-24 | Rockwell International Corporation | System and method for producing cured composites |
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| WO2017110446A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | Dic株式会社 | プリプレグ及び成形品 |
| JP6260754B1 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-01-17 | Dic株式会社 | プリプレグ及び成形品 |
| JP6610981B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-11-27 | Dic株式会社 | プリプレグ用樹脂組成物、プリプレグ及び成形品 |
| EP3732220B1 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2023-08-30 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Controllable-cure urethane acrylate resin compositions and methods of making same |
| TW202124549A (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-07-01 | 日商Dic股份有限公司 | 預浸體及成形品 |
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- 2022-03-17 CN CN202280022044.7A patent/CN116997460B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2022-03-17 KR KR1020237028622A patent/KR102637386B1/ko active Active
- 2022-03-17 WO PCT/JP2022/012140 patent/WO2022244432A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-17 US US18/287,067 patent/US20240101774A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2022-03-18 TW TW111110176A patent/TW202246067A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
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| JPH0857971A (ja) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-03-05 | Three Bond Co Ltd | 繊維強化複合材料及びその硬化方法 |
| JPH09184305A (ja) * | 1995-11-01 | 1997-07-15 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 既存構造物の補修補強方法 |
| JPH09296615A (ja) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-11-18 | Toray Ind Inc | 構造物の補修・補強方法 |
| JP2000334874A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-05 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 常温硬化性シート状材料及びその硬化方法 |
| WO2020054220A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 修理パッチ、修理パッチの成形方法及び複合材の修理方法 |
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| KR20230130745A (ko) | 2023-09-12 |
| KR102637386B1 (ko) | 2024-02-19 |
| JPWO2022244432A1 (ja) | 2022-11-24 |
| CN116997460B (zh) | 2024-08-13 |
| JP7288235B2 (ja) | 2023-06-07 |
| TW202246067A (zh) | 2022-12-01 |
| EP4342663A4 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
| CN116997460A (zh) | 2023-11-03 |
| EP4342663A1 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
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