WO2022257748A1 - 虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备 - Google Patents

虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022257748A1
WO2022257748A1 PCT/CN2022/094563 CN2022094563W WO2022257748A1 WO 2022257748 A1 WO2022257748 A1 WO 2022257748A1 CN 2022094563 W CN2022094563 W CN 2022094563W WO 2022257748 A1 WO2022257748 A1 WO 2022257748A1
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Prior art keywords
memory
application
electronic device
data
group
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PCT/CN2022/094563
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伊鹏翔
窦泽飞
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Honor Device Co Ltd
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Honor Device Co Ltd
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Priority to EP22819346.2A priority Critical patent/EP4239477A4/en
Priority to US18/252,924 priority patent/US20230418736A1/en
Publication of WO2022257748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022257748A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023—Free address space management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
    • G06F9/5011—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals
    • G06F9/5016—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals the resource being the memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023—Free address space management
    • G06F12/0253—Garbage collection, i.e. reclamation of unreferenced memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
    • G06F9/5011—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resources being hardware resources other than CPUs, Servers and Terminals
    • G06F9/5022—Mechanisms to release resources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/10—Providing a specific technical effect
    • G06F2212/1016—Performance improvement
    • G06F2212/1024—Latency reduction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/10—Providing a specific technical effect
    • G06F2212/1041—Resource optimization
    • G06F2212/1044—Space efficiency improvement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/40—Specific encoding of data in memory or cache
    • G06F2212/401—Compressed data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/65—Details of virtual memory and virtual address translation
    • G06F2212/657—Virtual address space management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of terminal and communication technologies, and in particular to a virtual memory management method and electronic equipment.
  • the random access memory (random access memory, RAM) (also called memory) resource of an electronic device is fixed, for example, the RAM configuration of a mobile phone is 8GB.
  • RAM random access memory
  • the operating system starts application cleaning to release the RAM space for use by new applications started by the user. If the memory of the application is cleaned up and reclaimed, and the user clicks the application again, the cleaned data of the application will need to be regenerated into the memory, which greatly reduces the speed of the hot start of the application.
  • the present application provides a memory management method, which is used to increase the hot start speed of background applications.
  • the present application provides a virtual memory management method, the method is applied to an electronic device, the electronic device includes a first application, the first application includes a first process and a second process, the first process belongs to the first A first process group of an application, the second process belongs to the second process group of the first application, the first process is a process related to the main interface of the first application, the method includes: switching between the first application In the case of going to the background and satisfying the preset first memory recovery condition, the electronic device clears the data of the processes in the second process group; in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, the electronic device passes the first process The data of the processes in the group in memory displays the main interface of the first application.
  • the process of the first application is divided into multiple process groups, including the first process group and the second process group, and the first process group includes the first process group related to the main interface of the first application. process, and the second process group includes the second process.
  • the electronic device When the first application is switched to the background and meets the preset first memory recovery condition, that is, when the first application is in the background and the memory is tight, the electronic device will clean up the data of the processes in the second process group without cleaning up Data of the processes in the first process group. Therefore, when the first application is switched to the foreground, the electronic device can directly display the main interface of the first application by using the data in memory of the processes in the first process group.
  • the data of the first process displaying the main interface of the first application does not need to be regenerated in the memory, but the first process grouping in the first process can be directly used.
  • the data of a process in memory greatly improves the speed of hot application startup.
  • the electronic device when the first application switches to the background and meets the preset first memory recovery condition, the electronic device clears up the data of the processes in the second process group Before the step, the method further includes: when the first application switches to the background and meets the preset second memory recovery condition, the electronic device partially compresses the data of the processes in the first process group in the memory at a first ratio, obtain the first group of compressed memory data and the first group of uncompressed memory data; the electronic device partially compresses the data of the processes in the second process group in the memory at a second ratio, and obtains the second group of compressed memory data and the second group of uncompressed Memory data; the first ratio is greater than the second ratio; the requirement of the preset second memory reclamation condition is lower than the preset first memory reclamation condition.
  • the electronic device before meeting the preset first memory reclamation condition to clean up the memory, can first compress the data of the process in the memory, and then Clean up the memory when the preset first memory condition is met.
  • the electronic device can use different compression ratios to partially compress the data of the processes in different groups: adopt a higher compression ratio for the data of the processes in the first process group, and use a higher compression ratio for the data of the processes in the second group.
  • the data of the process in the second process group adopts a lower compression ratio. Since the data of the processes in the second process group will be cleared during memory recycling, adopting a lower compression ratio saves computing resources for compression on the one hand, and reduces memory space occupation on the other hand.
  • a relatively high compression ratio is adopted, which greatly reduces the memory space occupation.
  • the electronic device in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, displays the first application by using the data in memory of the processes in the first process group.
  • the method further includes: when the preset third memory recovery condition is met, the electronic device dumps part or all of the first packet compressed memory data into the swap space of the storage device; The requirement of the preset third memory reclamation condition is higher than the preset first memory reclamation condition; in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, the electronic device uses the processes in the first process group in the memory
  • the data displaying the main interface of the first application specifically includes: in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, the electronic device reads data related to the first application from the swap space of the storage device and decompresses it into In memory, wherein the data related to the first application includes part or all of the compressed memory data in the first group; the electronic device displays the main interface of the first application through the data
  • part or all of the compressed memory data of the first group can be dumped into the swap space of the storage device without dumping the compressed memory data of the second group, which greatly reduces the cost of reading and writing the swap space. data, increasing the lifetime of storage devices. And during the hot start, only the data of the first process group in the swap space needs to be read and compressed into the memory to display the main interface of the first application, which improves the speed of hot start of the first application.
  • the second process group further includes a third process of the first application; after the electronic device clears data of processes in the second process group, the Before the step of the electronic device dumping part or all of the compressed memory data of the first group into the swap space of the storage device, the method further includes: after the electronic device determines that the third process in the second process group is still running And in the case that the data in the memory has not been cleaned up, the electronic device adjusts the third process to the first process group; the electronic device partially compresses the data of the processes in the first process group in the memory at a first ratio , to obtain the first group of compressed memory data and the first group of uncompressed memory data, which specifically includes: the electronic device partially compresses the data of the first process and the data of the third process in the memory at the first ratio, and obtains the compressed data of the first process
  • the memory data and the compressed memory data of the third process are used as the first group of compressed memory data, and the uncompressed memory data of the first process and the
  • the second process group further includes the third process of the first application; the electronic device dumps part or all of the compressed memory data of the first group to the memory
  • the method further includes: when the electronic device determines that the third process in the second process group is still running and the data in the memory has not been cleared, the electronic device will The third process is adjusted into the first process group; the electronic device dumps part or all of the data partially compressed by the third process in the memory to the swap space of the storage device.
  • a preset first compression rate is used; the electronic device uses a first compression ratio;
  • a preset second compression rate is used; the preset first compression rate is the same as or different from the preset second compression rate.
  • different compression ratios may be used to further reduce the memory usage of process data while increasing the speed of hot startup of the electronic device.
  • the method further includes: the electronic device determines the name of the main process of the installed application according to the application information of the installed application; saves the name of the main process of the installed application and its main process The corresponding relationship is in the correspondence table between the application and the main process, which includes the correspondence between the first application and the first process; when the first application is running, the electronic device, according to the correspondence table between the application and the main process, sets the The first process is divided into the first process group, and other processes of the first application are divided into the second process group.
  • the electronic device can determine the name of the main process of the first application through the installed application information, automatically divide it into the first process group, and divide other processes of the first application into the second process In grouping, the efficiency of grouping applications of processes has been improved.
  • the method further includes: when determining that the fourth process in the second process group meets the preset first condition, the electronic device adjusts the fourth process to In the first process group, the fourth process is any process in the second process group; when it is confirmed that the fifth process in the first process group meets the preset second condition, the electronic device The processes are adjusted into the second process group, and the fifth process is any process in the first process group.
  • the electronic device can adjust the process between the first process group and the second process group according to whether the process state of the application process meets the preset first condition and the preset second condition, which improves the process grouping.
  • the flexibility of the application reduces the memory usage of the application while ensuring the normal operation of the application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program codes,
  • the computer program code includes computer instructions;
  • the memory also stores a first application, the first application includes a first process and a second process, the first process belongs to a first process group of the first application, and the second process belongs to The second process group of the first application, the first process is a process related to the main interface of the first application;
  • the one or more processors call the computer instruction to make the electronic device execute: in the first application When switching to the background and satisfying the preset first memory recovery condition, clean up the data of the processes in the second process group; in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, through the process in the first process group in the The data in the memory displays the main interface of the first application.
  • the one or more processors are further configured to call the computer instruction to make the electronic device execute: when the first application switches to the background and meets the preset first In the case of the second memory recovery condition, the data of the processes in the first process group in the memory is partially compressed with the first ratio to obtain the compressed memory data of the first group and the uncompressed memory data of the first group; the data in the memory is partially compressed with the second ratio The data of the processes in the second process group is obtained from the compressed memory data of the second group and the uncompressed memory data of the second group; the first ratio is greater than the second ratio; the requirement of the preset second memory recycling condition is lower than the preset Set the first memory recovery condition.
  • the one or more processors are further configured to call the computer instruction so that the electronic device executes: when the preset third memory recovery condition is met, Dumping part or all of the compressed memory data of the first group into the swap space of the storage device; the requirement of the preset third memory reclamation condition is higher than the preset first memory reclamation condition; the one or more processors, Specifically for invoking the computer instruction so that the electronic device executes: in response to the operation of switching the first application to the foreground, read data related to the first application from the swap space of the storage device and decompress it into the memory, The data related to the first application includes part or all of the compressed memory data in the first group; the main interface of the first application is displayed through the data in the memory of the processes in the first process group.
  • the second process group further includes a third process of the first application; the one or more processors are further configured to call the computer instruction to make the The electronic device executes: when it is determined that the third process in the second process group is still running and the data in the memory has not been cleaned up, adjust the third process to the first process group; the one or A plurality of processors, specifically for invoking the computer instruction to make the electronic device execute: partially compress the data of the first process and the data of the third process in the memory at the first ratio, and obtain the compressed memory data of the first process and the data of the second process
  • the compressed memory data of the three processes is used as the first packet compressed memory data, and the uncompressed memory data of the first process and the uncompressed memory data of the third process are obtained as the first group uncompressed memory data; the compressed memory data of the first process is obtained Part or all of the memory data and the compressed memory data of the third process are dumped into the swap space of the storage device.
  • the second process group further includes a third process of the first application; the one or more processors are further configured to call the computer instruction to make the The electronic device executes: when it is determined that the third process in the second process group is still running and the data in the memory has not been cleaned up, adjust the third process to the first process group; The third process dumps part or all of the data partially compressed in the memory to the swap space of the storage device.
  • the one or more processors are specifically configured to call the computer instruction to cause the electronic device to execute: the first process in the partially compressed memory at a first ratio When the data of the process in the group is used, the preset first compression rate is used; when the data of the process in the second process group in the memory is partially compressed with the second ratio, the preset second compression rate is used; the preset first compression rate The same as or different from the preset second compression rate.
  • the one or more processors are further configured to call the computer instruction to make the electronic device execute: according to the application information of the installed application, determine the The name of the main process; save the correspondence between the installed application and its main process in the application and main process correspondence table, which includes the correspondence between the first application and the first process; when the first application is running, According to the correspondence table between the application and the main process, the first process is divided into the first process group, and other processes of the first application are divided into the second process group.
  • the one or more processors are further configured to invoke the computer instructions to cause the electronic device to execute: after determining that the fourth process in the second process group meets When the first condition is preset, the fourth process is adjusted to the first process group, and the fourth process is any process in the second process group; if it is true that the fifth process in the first process group meets When the second condition is preset, the fifth process is adjusted into the second process group, and the fifth process is any process in the first process group.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, the chip system is applied to an electronic device, and the chip system includes one or more processors, and the processor is used to invoke computer instructions so that the electronic device executes the first Aspect and the method described in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, when the above computer program product is run on the electronic device, the above electronic device is made to execute any possible implementation of the first aspect and the first aspect described method.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions, which, when the above-mentioned instructions are run on the electronic device, cause the above-mentioned electronic device to execute any possible implementation of the first aspect and the first aspect. described method.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device provided in the second aspect, the chip system provided in the third aspect, the computer program product provided in the fourth aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fifth aspect are all used to execute the method provided in the embodiment of the present application . Therefore, the beneficial effects that it can achieve can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding method, and will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between application programs, virtual memory and physical memory in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of memory paging management in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of information flow in an exemplary application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a memory state after memory management is performed on application A at various stages in an implementation manner of memory management;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of process grouping of an application in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the memory state after the memory management of application A in various stages according to the embodiment of the present application:
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of memory data changes in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of process group adjustment of an application in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9a is another exemplary schematic diagram of the memory status of application A after performing memory management at various stages in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 9b is another exemplary schematic diagram of the memory state after memory management of application A at various stages in the embodiment of the present application:
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary hardware structure of an electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary software framework of the electronic device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary virtual memory management module in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a virtual memory management method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the “multiple” The meaning is two or more.
  • the process of storing temporarily unused data in the memory in the swap partition of the storage device is called memory dump.
  • the operating system divides the memory space into pages of the same size for management, and such pages are called memory pages.
  • the size of the memory page in the operating system of different electronic devices may be different, for example, 4KB, 8KB or 16KB.
  • a fixed-size memory page is used as a minimum allocation unit of memory space, and data in the electronic device is managed in the form of a memory page. Therefore, memory pages can also be used as the unit of data size.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Memory is used to store computer executable program code, operating system, programs, data, etc. Memory can also be referred to as internal memory.
  • memory is a memory architecture consisting of cache, main memory, and disk.
  • the cache has low capacity, fast read and write speed but high cost
  • the main memory has medium speed, medium capacity and medium cost
  • the disk has large capacity and good durability but slow speed.
  • Memory management is to provide a unified abstraction for "users", shielding the differences between cache, main memory and disk, and even not being able to perceive their existence. Users don't need to worry about whether the program is stored in the cache, main memory or disk, as long as the running and output results are the same.
  • virtual memory prevents the program from directly dealing with physical memory, and makes a unified abstraction of cache, main memory and disk, so that the program can break through the size limit of physical memory. Of course, the program is still subject to the size limit of virtual memory.
  • the memory address seen in the program is the virtual memory address, and the program's reading and writing of the virtual memory address will be mapped to the actual physical memory. This mapping is called translation.
  • This translation work is done by the memory management unit (MMU).
  • the MMU receives the virtual address issued by the CPU, translates it into a physical address and sends it to the memory. The memory is read or written after corresponding access according to the physical address. Enter relevant data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship among application programs, virtual memory and physical memory in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cache, main memory, hard disk and other physical memory in the electronic device can all be abstracted into a virtual memory, and the address of the virtual memory is provided to the application program in the electronic device. The reading and writing of the virtual memory address by the user through the application program will be mapped to the actual physical memory.
  • the core of memory space paging management is to divide the virtual memory space and physical memory space into pages of the same size, and use the page as the minimum allocation unit of memory space.
  • a page of a program can be stored in any physical page.
  • continuous virtual memory space can be mapped to not necessarily continuous physical memory space.
  • continuous data segments in the process can be stored in discontinuous physical memory, making the management of memory space more flexible.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of memory paging management in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the paging mechanism can split data into memory page sizes and allocate continuous addresses in the virtual address space. These memory pages with continuous addresses in the virtual address space can be scattered and allocated to unallocated pages in the physical address space.
  • a memory page may also be referred to as a page for short, and details will not be described later.
  • some memory pages may be called file pages, and some memory pages may be called anonymous pages, which are not limited here.
  • the file page in the memory is a file cache area, that is, a file-type memory page, a memory page (also called a permanent page) for storing file data, which is used to reduce access to storage devices when reading and writing files.
  • a file-type memory page a memory page (also called a permanent page) for storing file data, which is used to reduce access to storage devices when reading and writing files.
  • a memory page also called a permanent page
  • file data which is used to reduce access to storage devices when reading and writing files.
  • most of the file pages can be directly reclaimed, and can be re-read from the storage device when needed in the future.
  • the heap memory dynamically allocated by the application that is, the anonymous pages in memory management, is likely to be accessed again, and is generally not directly recycled.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of information flow in an exemplary application scenario in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the application framework layer can include modules such as process status and process cleanup, among which:
  • the process status module is used to collect, identify and manage the process status, and provide an interface for other modules to query the process status;
  • the process cleaning module is used to clean up the processes in the system, reduce the memory pressure of electronic devices, and provide stable performance guarantee for electronic devices.
  • the process state module may mark the process of application X as viewing state.
  • the user starts application Y to play music, and the application X switches to the background, and the process status module can mark the process of the application Y as a playing state, and update the process of the application X to an idle state.
  • the process cleaning module will regularly check the memory status of the kernel node, and if it senses the low memory status of the system, it will actively clean up the process.
  • the process cleaning module can call the interface provided by the process status module to determine that the process of application X is idle, and clean up the memory data of application X; determine that the process of application Y is in the playback state, and not clean up the memory data of application X.
  • the application program layer of the electronic device may have application A and application B.
  • the related processes of application A and application B will occupy a certain amount of memory at the kernel layer, including the anonymous page of the process of application A (such as process P2, P2, P3) and the anonymous page of the process of application B. Page.
  • the compression process in the kernel layer (for example, the kswapd process) will compress some anonymous pages into the compressed memory space (for example, ZRAM),
  • the swap out process in the kernel layer (for example, the zswapd process) can also swap out some or all of the compressed anonymous pages in the compressed memory space to the swap partition, which can reduce the memory space occupation.
  • the electronic device can use the IO interface of the storage device to convert the compressed memory space to The compressed memory data is dumped to the swap partition of the storage device.
  • the electronic device If the electronic device needs to use the data in the swap partition, the electronic device will read the data in the swap partition into the memory.
  • FIG. 4 shows the memory status after memory management of application A in each stage in this implementation.
  • the running process of application A for a period of time is divided into 5 stages: foreground, background, compression, swap out, swap in (hot start):
  • Foreground stage The user opens application A, and application A starts its three processes: P1, P2, and P3, and puts these three processes into a memory group, so that the system can determine which processes correspond to application A, and facilitate Sequentially read and write the memory data of application A.
  • the anonymous pages of these three processes occupy 100M, 250M, and 200M memory spaces in the memory respectively, and the anonymous pages of application A occupy a total of 550M memory space.
  • Application A occupies a total of 800M memory space.
  • the electronic device system triggers the memory recovery of the application A process.
  • the application A can actively detect the status of the process started by itself, and the data and photos generated when the previous photo preview process P2 previews the first 5 photos of the 10 photos
  • the data of the first 5 photos cached by the data caching process P3 are all cropped.
  • the process P2 and the process P3 of the application A can each cut out 50M unnecessary data in the memory.
  • the memory spaces occupied by processes P1, P2, and P3 of application A are: 100M, 200M, and 150M, respectively, occupying a total of 450M memory space.
  • Compression stage If the user opens other applications, which take up more memory, the pressure on the memory of the electronic device increases.
  • the electronic device compresses the data of the application programs in the memory that are not in the foreground.
  • the 450M data occupied by the application program A can be compressed into 150M compressed data, and put into the compressed memory space (such as ZRAM) in the memory.
  • the space occupied by the three processes P1, P2, and P3 of the application program A in the memory is 150M.
  • Swap out phase If the user continues to open other new applications, more memory will be occupied, and the memory pressure will continue to increase.
  • the electronic device may swap out part of the data in the compressed memory space of the memory to the swap partition of the storage device. Therefore, the electronic device swaps out the 150M data of application A in the compressed memory space to the swap space.
  • the space occupied by the anonymous page of application A in the memory is 0; the space occupied in the swap space of the storage device is 150M.
  • the data in the compressed memory space when the data in the compressed memory space is swapped out to the swap space, the data can also be compressed again.
  • the 150M data in the compressed memory space can be compressed into 50M data and stored in the swap space.
  • the space occupied by the anonymous page of application A in the swap space of the storage device is 50M.
  • Switch-in phase also known as hot start: If the user wants to use application A again at this time, the user actively switches application A to the foreground. The electronic device will read all the anonymous pages of the dumped application A from the swap space and decompress them into the memory. At this time, the processes P1, P2, and P3 of the application A restore 450M data to run in the memory, and regenerate the process P2 to be cut. The 50M data and the 50M data clipped by process P3 occupy a total memory capacity of 550M, and display the user interface of application A.
  • the electronic device After the user switches the application A to the background for a period of time, the electronic device will write the compressed 150M anonymous page data of the application A into the swap space.
  • the electronic device needs to quickly read the 150M anonymous page data of the three processes of the application A in the swap partition into the memory. In this way, on the one hand, it is necessary to read and write 150M data to the swap space of the storage device, which will shorten the lifespan of the storage device. On the other hand, however, since the reading speed of the storage device is much slower than that of the memory, it takes a period of delay to complete the hot start of the application.
  • the sequential read speed is about 1GB/s
  • the memory size dumped by application A to the swap partition is 150MB
  • the application process when managing an application process, as shown in FIG. 5 , the application process can be divided into at least two groups, and the process P1 supporting the user interface display of application A can be classified The main process is grouped, and the processes P2 and P3 that support other functions of the application A can be classified as auxiliary process groups.
  • the electronic device can be set to:
  • the process in the main process group and the process in the auxiliary process group can be compressed according to different compression ratios: the anonymous pages of the process in the main process group are compressed with a larger compression ratio (for example, 90%), while Compress anonymous pages of processes in the worker process group with a smaller compression ratio (eg, 20%).
  • the compressed memory data of the process J130M and the uncompressed memory data of 10M are obtained. Therefore, there will be compressed in-memory data and uncompressed in-memory data in memory.
  • the memory needs to be cleaned up, only the anonymous pages of the processes in the auxiliary process group are cleaned up, including their compressed memory data and uncompressed memory data, and the anonymous pages of the processes in the main process group are not cleaned up.
  • the processes in the main process group are generally more important processes, such as processes used to display the user interface, processes that need to run continuously, etc., compressing them at a higher ratio can reduce their memory without cleaning them up occupied and can be quickly restored if needed.
  • the processes in the auxiliary process group are generally processes that provide auxiliary functions. Compressing them at a lower rate can save computing power resources. If the memory pressure is high, even if the data of these processes is cleared, it will not have a significant impact on the application.
  • the running process of application A for a period of time is divided into 7 stages: foreground, background, compression, cleanup, swap out, swap in (hot start), trigger function:
  • Foreground stage the user opens application A, and application A starts the three processes it contains: P1, P2, and P3.
  • the electronic device determines that among the three processes started by the application A, the P1 process is the main process according to the stored correspondence table between the application and the main process.
  • process P1 is divided into the main process group of application A, and the other two processes P2 and P3 are divided into auxiliary process groups of application A.
  • the group division can be realized by storing a group relationship table in the memory.
  • a group relationship table in the memory.
  • Table 1 it is an example of the stored group relationship of application A:
  • the division of the grouping can be realized by storing the form of branch tree as shown in FIG. 5;
  • the division of groups may be realized by storing a corresponding relationship, and the corresponding relationship may be expressed in various ways, such as functions, arrays, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the form of [Application A, P1, P2P3] may be used to represent the corresponding relationship that the main process group in application A includes the P1 process, and the auxiliary process group includes the P2 and P3 processes.
  • the anonymous pages of the three processes P1, P2, and P3 occupy 100M, 250M, and 200M memory space in the memory respectively.
  • the process P1 in the main process group occupies 100M
  • the auxiliary process group P2 and P2 occupy a total of 450M.
  • the anonymous page of application A Pages occupy a total of 550M memory space. After application A starts, it can also cache related files in the memory. It can be assumed that it has cached 250M of data in the memory, so the file page of application A occupies 250M of memory space.
  • Application A occupies a total of 800M memory space.
  • Compression stage If the user opens other applications, more memory is occupied, and the memory pressure of the electronic device increases at this time. When the proportion of the total memory space occupied exceeds the preset threshold A, the electronic device compresses the data of the application programs in the memory that are not in the foreground.
  • the electronic device When the memory pressure further increases, the electronic device will clean up all the data of the processes in the auxiliary process group in the memory, that is, the uncompressed 281M data P2-P3- of the processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group of application A W and the compressed 24M data P2-P3-Y of the processes P2 and P3 are all cleaned up.
  • the remaining memory data of application A in the memory is P1-W: 10M; P1-Y: 30M, a total of 40M.
  • Swap out phase If the user continues to open other new applications, more memory will be occupied, and the memory pressure will continue to increase.
  • the electronic device can swap out part of the data in the compressed memory space of the memory to the swap space of the storage device. Therefore, the electronic device swaps out the 30M data (P1-Y: 30M) of application A in the compressed memory space to the swap space.
  • the space occupied by the anonymous page of application A in the memory is 10M;
  • the space occupied in is 30M.
  • the data in the compressed memory space when the data in the compressed memory space is swapped out to the swap space, the data can also be compressed again.
  • the 30M data in the compressed memory space can be compressed into 10M data and stored in the swap space.
  • the space occupied by the anonymous page of application A in the swap space of the storage device is 10M.
  • Switch-in phase If the user wants to use application A again at this time, the user actively switches application A to the foreground.
  • the electronic device will read all the anonymous page 30M data of the dumped application A from the swap space, and decompress it into the memory. At this time, the data of process P1 in the main process group of application A is completely restored, which is 100M.
  • the main process in the main process group is a process related to the application startup interface, therefore, after the data of the main process P1 is completely restored in the memory, it can normally display the user interface of the application A.
  • the application A is a shopping application and its name is gouwus, it includes 3 processes after startup: com.gouwus.gouwus(P1), com.gouwus.gouwus:sandboxed_privilege_process(P2), com.gouwus.gouwus :channel(P3).
  • com.gouwus.gouwus is the main process of the shopping application gouwus, which is used to display the main interface of the shopping application gouwus. After all the data in the memory of the process is restored, the user interface of the shopping application gouwus can be displayed normally.
  • the main interface of an application belongs to a user interface of the application.
  • the main interface of the application may also be referred to as the user interface of the application, which is not limited here.
  • Trigger function stage If the user clicks on the user interface of application A and triggers a function that requires the support of processes P2 and P3, the electronic device can read the file of application A in the memory, and regenerate the 250M data of process P2 and process P3 in the memory The 200M data occupies 450M memory. At this time, the memory capacity occupied by the three processes of application A returns to 550M.
  • the data in the memory of application A includes the data of process P1 in the main process group and the data of processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group.
  • the compressed memory space in the memory can store the memory data compressed by other application 1, and the memory There is no data dumped from the memory in the swap space of the software.
  • the data in memory of application A includes data in uncompressed memory and data in compressed memory space (eg, ZRAM).
  • the data of the uncompressed memory includes: the data P1-W of the uncompressed memory of the process P1 in the main process group; the data P2-P3-W of the uncompressed memory of the processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group.
  • the data in the compressed memory space includes: the data P1-Y in the compressed memory of the process P1 in the main process group; the data P2-P3-Y in the compressed memory of the processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group.
  • the amount of space occupied by application A in memory is reduced.
  • the electronic device cleans up all the data in the memory of the processes in the auxiliary process group, that is, cleans up P2-P3-W and P2-P3-Y. At this time, the space occupied by the uncompressed memory data in the memory of application A is further reduced.
  • the electronic device can exchange part of the data in the compressed memory space to the swap space.
  • the memory data compressed by other application 1 and P1-Y can be swapped to the swap space for storage.
  • the memory data can be compressed again.
  • the electronic device may not perform the above-mentioned compression process in the memory, but directly clean up all the data in the memory of the processes in the auxiliary process group.
  • data in memory when data in memory is swapped to swap space, it may or may not be compressed, which is not limited here.
  • the electronic device can determine that among the three processes started by the application A, the P1 process is the main process and divide it into the main process of the application A according to the pre-stored correspondence table between the application and the main process. Grouping, divide the other two processes P2 and P3 into the auxiliary process grouping of application A.
  • the main process of the application is a process related to the main interface of the application.
  • a music player application bofang includes three processes: com.bofang.bofang (main process P1) can be used to display the main interface of music playback; com.bofang.bofan:f (auxiliary process P2) can be used for playing music; com.bofang.bofan:z can be used to preload the data of the next song in the playlist.
  • main process P1 can be used to display the main interface of music playback
  • auxiliary process P2 can be used for playing music
  • com.bofang.bofan:z can be used to preload the data of the next song in the playlist.
  • a sports application yundong includes three processes: com.yundong.yundong (main process P1) can be used to display the main interface of the sports application; com.yundong.yundong:j (auxiliary process P2) It can be used to continuously obtain the step counting data of the sensor; com.yundong.yundong:g (auxiliary process P3) can be used to obtain user step ranking information.
  • the electronic device may divide the process of each application into multiple process groups belonging to the application, including a main process group and an auxiliary process group. That is to say, an application has its own main process group and auxiliary process group.
  • application A has application A's main process group A1 and auxiliary process group A2
  • application B has application B's main process group B1 and auxiliary process group Group B2.
  • the corresponding relationship between the application and the processes in the application's process group can be stored in the memory, which can be stored in the form of a group relationship table, or can be stored in the form of a function, an array, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the main process of an application is generally divided into the main process group of the application, but the main process group of the application does not necessarily only include the main process of the application.
  • the main process group of the application includes not only the main process of the application, but also other processes of the application.
  • the main process group may also be called a first process group
  • the auxiliary process group may also be called a second process group, which is not limited here.
  • the electronic device can perceive the status of each process in the started application in real time, and adjust the process in the auxiliary process group to the main process group when it meets the preset first condition .
  • the electronic device determines that the process P2 in the auxiliary process group of the application A is continuously acquiring the data of the pedometer sensor, indicating that the process P2 has a demand for continuous operation, the electronic device can use the application A The process P2 of application A is adjusted from the auxiliary process group to the main process group.
  • the group division can be realized by storing a group relationship table in the memory, as shown in the following table 2, which is an example of the group relationship of application A stored at this time:
  • the division of the group can be realized by storing the form of branch tree as shown in FIG. 8 . It is not limited here.
  • the electronic device may also adjust it into the auxiliary process group, which is not limited herein.
  • the electronic device may perform different operations correspondingly by grouping and adjusting the application process at different timings.
  • the following illustrates several cases in combination with the scene shown in FIG. 6 :
  • the uncompressed data P1 of the process P1 is obtained- W
  • the compressed data P1-Y of the process P1 the uncompressed data P2-P3-W of the processes P2 and P3 (including the uncompressed data P2-W of the process P2 and the uncompressed data P3-W of the process P3)
  • the process P2 and P3 compressed data P2-P3-Y which includes process P2 compressed data P2-Y and process P3 compressed data P3-Y).
  • the electronic device in the cleaning phase, has cleaned up all the data in the memory of the processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group of the application A one or more times. If the memory of the electronic device continues to be tight, and the electronic device detects that the data of the process P2 of the application A has not been cleaned up (for example, the application A is the music playing application bofang, and the process P2 is the process com.bofang.bofan used to play the music :f). Then, the electronic device can adjust the process P2 into the main process group of the application A at this time. In this way, during the swap out phase, the electronic device can swap out the compressed parts of the process P1 and the process P2 in the main process group of application A to the swap space of the storage device.
  • the electronic device in the cleaning stage, has cleaned up all the data in the memory of the processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group of the application A one or more times.
  • the electronic device has swapped out the compressed data P1-Y of the process P1 in the main process group of the application A into the swap space of the storage device.
  • the memory of the electronic device continues to be tight, and the electronic device detects that the data of the process P2 of the application A is still in the memory and has not been cleaned up (for example, the application A is a sports application yundong, and the process P2 is used to continuously acquire the pedometer of the sensor Data process com.yundong.yundong:j).
  • the electronic device can adjust the process P2 into the main process group of the application A, and swap out the compressed memory data P2-Y of the process P2 to the swap space of the storage device.
  • the electronic device can also adjust the grouping of the processes in the application's main process grouping or auxiliary process grouping in other memory management stages, and perform corresponding memory management after the grouping adjustment, which is not limited here.
  • the exemplary electronic device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is firstly introduced below.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • electronic device 100 may have more or fewer components than shown in the figures, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration of components.
  • the various components shown in the figures may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
  • the electronic device 100 may include: a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (universal serial bus, USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, an antenna 1, and an antenna 2.
  • Mobile communication module 150 wireless communication module 160, audio module 170, speaker 170A, receiver 170B, microphone 170C, earphone jack 170D, sensor module 180, button 190, motor 191, indicator 192, camera 193, display screen 194 and A subscriber identification module (subscriber identification module, SIM) card interface 195 and the like.
  • SIM subscriber identification module
  • the sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor 180A, a gyroscope sensor 180B, an air pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity light sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, bone conduction sensor 180M, etc.
  • the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 100 .
  • the electronic device 100 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or separate certain components, or arrange different components.
  • the illustrated components can be realized in hardware, software or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the processor 110 may include one or more processing units, for example: the processor 110 may include an application processor (application processor, AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), an image signal processor (image signal processor, ISP), controller, memory, video codec, digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), baseband processor, and/or neural network processor (neural-network processing unit, NPU) Wait. Wherein, different processing units may be independent devices, or may be integrated in one or more processors.
  • application processor application processor, AP
  • modem processor graphics processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • image signal processor image signal processor
  • ISP image signal processor
  • controller memory
  • video codec digital signal processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • baseband processor baseband processor
  • neural network processor neural-network processing unit
  • the controller may be the nerve center and command center of the electronic device 100 .
  • the controller can generate an operation control signal according to the instruction opcode and timing signal, and complete the control of fetching and executing the instruction.
  • a memory may also be provided in the processor 110 for storing instructions and data.
  • the memory in processor 110 is a cache memory.
  • the memory may hold instructions or data that the processor 110 has just used or recycled. If the processor 110 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can be called directly from the memory. Repeated access is avoided, and the waiting time of the processor 110 is reduced, thus improving the efficiency of the system.
  • processor 110 may include one or more interfaces.
  • the interface may include an integrated circuit (inter-integrated circuit, I2C) interface, an integrated circuit built-in audio (inter-integrated circuit sound, I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (pulse code modulation, PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous transmitter (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter, UART) interface, mobile industry processor interface (mobile industry processor interface, MIPI), general-purpose input and output (general-purpose input/output, GPIO) interface, subscriber identity module (subscriber identity module, SIM) interface, and /or universal serial bus (universal serial bus, USB) interface, etc.
  • I2C integrated circuit
  • I2S integrated circuit built-in audio
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • PCM pulse code modulation
  • UART universal asynchronous transmitter
  • MIPI mobile industry processor interface
  • GPIO general-purpose input and output
  • subscriber identity module subscriber identity module
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the I2C interface is a bidirectional synchronous serial bus, including a serial data line (serial data line, SDA) and a serial clock line (derail clock line, SCL).
  • processor 110 may include multiple sets of I2C buses.
  • the processor 110 can be respectively coupled to the touch sensor 180K, the charger, the flashlight, the camera 193 and the like through different I2C bus interfaces.
  • the processor 110 may be coupled to the touch sensor 180K through the I2C interface, so that the processor 110 and the touch sensor 180K communicate through the I2C bus interface to realize the touch function of the electronic device 100 .
  • the I2S interface can be used for audio communication.
  • processor 110 may include multiple sets of I2S buses.
  • the processor 110 may be coupled to the audio module 170 through an I2S bus to implement communication between the processor 110 and the audio module 170 .
  • the audio module 170 can transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through the I2S interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through the Bluetooth headset.
  • the PCM interface can also be used for audio communication, sampling, quantizing and encoding the analog signal.
  • the audio module 170 and the wireless communication module 160 may be coupled through a PCM bus interface.
  • the audio module 170 can also transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through the PCM interface, so as to realize the function of answering calls through the Bluetooth headset. Both the I2S interface and the PCM interface can be used for audio communication.
  • the UART interface is a universal serial data bus used for asynchronous communication.
  • the bus can be a bidirectional communication bus. It converts the data to be transmitted between serial communication and parallel communication.
  • a UART interface is generally used to connect the processor 110 and the wireless communication module 160 .
  • the processor 110 communicates with the Bluetooth module in the wireless communication module 160 through the UART interface to realize the Bluetooth function.
  • the audio module 170 can transmit audio signals to the wireless communication module 160 through the UART interface, so as to realize the function of playing music through the Bluetooth headset.
  • the MIPI interface can be used to connect the processor 110 with peripheral devices such as the display screen 194 and the camera 193 .
  • MIPI interface includes camera serial interface (camera serial interface, CSI), display serial interface (display serial interface, DSI), etc.
  • the processor 110 communicates with the camera 193 through the CSI interface to realize the shooting function of the electronic device 100 .
  • the processor 110 communicates with the display screen 194 through the DSI interface to realize the display function of the electronic device 100 .
  • the GPIO interface can be configured by software.
  • the GPIO interface can be configured as a control signal or as a data signal.
  • the GPIO interface can be used to connect the processor 110 with the camera 193 , the display screen 194 , the wireless communication module 160 , the audio module 170 , the sensor module 180 and so on.
  • the GPIO interface can also be configured as an I2C interface, I2S interface, UART interface, MIPI interface, etc.
  • the SIM interface can be used to communicate with the SIM card interface 195 to realize the function of transmitting data to the SIM card or reading data in the SIM card.
  • the USB interface 130 is an interface conforming to the USB standard specification, specifically, it can be a Mini USB interface, a Micro USB interface, a USB Type C interface, and the like.
  • the USB interface 130 can be used to connect a charger to charge the electronic device 100 , and can also be used to transmit data between the electronic device 100 and peripheral devices. It can also be used to connect headphones and play audio through them. This interface can also be used to connect other electronic devices, such as AR devices.
  • the interface connection relationship between the modules shown in the embodiment of the present application is only a schematic illustration, and does not constitute a structural limitation of the electronic device 100 .
  • the electronic device 100 may also adopt different interface connection manners in the foregoing embodiments, or a combination of multiple interface connection manners.
  • the charging management module 140 is configured to receive a charging input from a charger.
  • the charger may be a wireless charger or a wired charger.
  • the power management module 141 is used for connecting the battery 142 , the charging management module 140 and the processor 110 .
  • the power management module 141 receives the input from the battery 142 and/or the charging management module 140 to provide power for the processor 110 , the internal memory 121 , the external memory, the display screen 194 , the camera 193 , and the wireless communication module 160 .
  • the wireless communication function of the electronic device 100 can be realized by the antenna 1 , the antenna 2 , the mobile communication module 150 , the wireless communication module 160 , a modem processor, a baseband processor, and the like.
  • Antenna 1 and Antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals.
  • Each antenna in electronic device 100 may be used to cover single or multiple communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve the utilization of the antennas.
  • Antenna 1 can be multiplexed as a diversity antenna of a wireless local area network.
  • the antenna may be used in conjunction with a tuning switch.
  • the mobile communication module 150 can provide wireless communication solutions including 2G/3G/4G/5G applied on the electronic device 100 .
  • the mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, switch, power amplifier, low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LNA) and the like.
  • the mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves through the antenna 1, filter and amplify the received electromagnetic waves, and send them to the modem processor for demodulation.
  • the mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signals modulated by the modem processor, and convert them into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 1 for radiation.
  • at least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be set in the processor 110 .
  • at least part of the functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least part of the modules of the processor 110 may be set in the same device.
  • a modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator.
  • the modulator is used for modulating the low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a medium-high frequency signal.
  • the demodulator is used to demodulate the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low frequency baseband signal. Then the demodulator sends the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing.
  • the low-frequency baseband signal is passed to the application processor after being processed by the baseband processor.
  • the application processor outputs sound signals through audio equipment (not limited to speaker 170A, receiver 170B, etc.), or displays images or videos through display screen 194 .
  • the modem processor may be a stand-alone device.
  • the modem processor may be independent from the processor 110, and be set in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.
  • the wireless communication module 160 can provide wireless local area networks (wireless local area networks, WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi) network), bluetooth (bluetooth, BT), global navigation satellite, etc. applied on the electronic device 100.
  • System global navigation satellite system, GNSS
  • frequency modulation frequency modulation, FM
  • near field communication technology near field communication, NFC
  • infrared technology infrared, IR
  • the wireless communication module 160 may be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module.
  • the wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna 2 , frequency-modulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the processor 110 .
  • the wireless communication module 160 can also receive the signal to be sent from the processor 110 , frequency-modulate it, amplify it, and convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 2 for radiation.
  • the antenna 1 of the electronic device 100 is coupled to the mobile communication module 150, and the antenna 2 is coupled to the wireless communication module 160, so that the electronic device 100 can communicate with the network and other devices through wireless communication technology.
  • the wireless communication technology may include global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (general packet radio service, GPRS), code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA), broadband Code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA), time division code division multiple access (time-division code division multiple access, TD-SCDMA), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC , FM, and/or IR techniques, etc.
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • code division multiple access code division multiple access
  • CDMA broadband Code division multiple access
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • time division code division multiple access time-division code division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time-division code division multiple access
  • the GNSS may include a global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS), a global navigation satellite system (global navigation satellite system, GLONASS), a Beidou navigation satellite system (beidou navigation satellite system, BDS), a quasi-zenith satellite system (quasi -zenith satellite system (QZSS) and/or satellite based augmentation systems (SBAS).
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • Beidou navigation satellite system beidou navigation satellite system
  • BDS Beidou navigation satellite system
  • QZSS quasi-zenith satellite system
  • SBAS satellite based augmentation systems
  • the electronic device 100 realizes the display function through the GPU, the display screen 194 , and the application processor.
  • the GPU is a microprocessor for image processing, and is connected to the display screen 194 and the application processor. GPUs are used to perform mathematical and geometric calculations for graphics rendering.
  • Processor 110 may include one or more GPUs that execute program instructions to generate or change display information.
  • the display screen 194 is used to display images, videos and the like.
  • the display screen 194 includes a display panel.
  • the display panel can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an active matrix organic light emitting diode or an active matrix organic light emitting diode (active-matrix organic light emitting diode, AMOLED), flexible light-emitting diode (flex light-emitting diode, FLED), Miniled, MicroLed, Micro-oLed, quantum dot light emitting diodes (quantum dot light emitting diodes, QLED), etc.
  • the electronic device 100 may include 1 or N display screens 194 , where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the electronic device 100 can realize the shooting function through the ISP, the camera 193 , the video codec, the GPU, the display screen 194 and the application processor.
  • the ISP is used for processing the data fed back by the camera 193 .
  • the light is transmitted to the photosensitive element of the camera through the lens, and the light signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the photosensitive element of the camera transmits the electrical signal to the ISP for processing, and converts it into an image visible to the naked eye.
  • ISP can also perform algorithm optimization on image noise, brightness, and skin color.
  • ISP can also optimize the exposure, color temperature and other parameters of the shooting scene.
  • the ISP may be located in the camera 193 .
  • Camera 193 is used to capture still images or video.
  • the object generates an optical image through the lens and projects it to the photosensitive element.
  • the photosensitive element may be a charge coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistor.
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • the photosensitive element converts the light signal into an electrical signal, and then transmits the electrical signal to the ISP to convert it into a digital image signal.
  • the ISP outputs the digital image signal to the DSP for processing.
  • DSP converts digital image signals into standard RGB, YUV and other image signals.
  • the electronic device 100 may include 1 or N cameras 193 , where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • Digital signal processors are used to process digital signals. In addition to digital image signals, they can also process other digital signals. For example, when the electronic device 100 selects a frequency point, the digital signal processor is used to perform Fourier transform on the energy of the frequency point.
  • Video codecs are used to compress or decompress digital video.
  • the electronic device 100 may support one or more video codecs.
  • the electronic device 100 can play or record videos in various encoding formats, for example: moving picture experts group (moving picture experts group, MPEG) 1, MPEG2, MPEG3, MPEG4 and so on.
  • MPEG moving picture experts group
  • the NPU is a neural-network (NN) computing processor.
  • NN neural-network
  • Applications such as intelligent cognition of the electronic device 100 can be realized through the NPU, such as image recognition, face recognition, speech recognition, text understanding, and the like.
  • the internal memory 121 may include one or more random access memories (random access memory, RAM) and one or more non-volatile memories (non-volatile memory, NVM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • NVM non-volatile memory
  • Random access memory can include static random-access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous dynamic random access memory, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous Dynamic random access memory (double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, DDR SDRAM, such as the fifth generation DDR SDRAM is generally called DDR5SDRAM), etc.;
  • SRAM static random-access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • double data rate synchronous Dynamic random access memory double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR5SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Non-volatile memory may include magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory (flash memory).
  • flash memory can include NOR FLASH, NAND FLASH, 3D NAND FLASH, etc.
  • it can include single-level storage cells (single-level cell, SLC), multi-level storage cells (multi-level cell, MLC), triple-level cell (TLC), quad-level cell (QLC), etc.
  • SLC single-level storage cells
  • MLC multi-level storage cells
  • TLC triple-level cell
  • QLC quad-level cell
  • UFS universal flash storage
  • embedded multimedia memory card embedded multi media Card
  • the random access memory can be directly read and written by the processor 110, and can be used to store executable programs (such as machine instructions) of an operating system or other running programs, and can also be used to store data of users and application programs.
  • the non-volatile memory can also store executable programs and data of users and application programs, etc., and can be loaded into the random access memory in advance for the processor 110 to directly read and write.
  • the external memory interface 120 can be used to connect an external non-volatile memory, so as to expand the storage capacity of the electronic device 100 .
  • the external non-volatile memory communicates with the processor 110 through the external memory interface 120 to implement a data storage function. For example, files such as music and video are stored in an external non-volatile memory.
  • the electronic device 100 can implement audio functions through the audio module 170 , the speaker 170A, the receiver 170B, the microphone 170C, the earphone interface 170D, and the application processor. Such as music playback, recording, etc.
  • the audio module 170 is used to convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and is also used to convert analog audio input into digital audio signal.
  • the audio module 170 may also be used to encode and decode audio signals.
  • the audio module 170 may be set in the processor 110 , or some functional modules of the audio module 170 may be set in the processor 110 .
  • Speaker 170A also referred to as a "horn" is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • Electronic device 100 can listen to music through speaker 170A, or listen to hands-free calls.
  • Receiver 170B also called “earpiece” is used to convert audio electrical signals into sound signals.
  • the receiver 170B can be placed close to the human ear to receive the voice.
  • the microphone 170C also called “microphone” or “microphone” is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals. When making a phone call or sending a voice message, the user can put his mouth close to the microphone 170C to make a sound, and input the sound signal to the microphone 170C.
  • the electronic device 100 may be provided with at least one microphone 170C. In some other embodiments, the electronic device 100 may be provided with two microphones 170C, which may also implement a noise reduction function in addition to collecting sound signals. In some other embodiments, the electronic device 100 can also be provided with three, four or more microphones 170C to collect sound signals, reduce noise, identify sound sources, and realize directional recording functions, etc.
  • the earphone interface 170D is used for connecting wired earphones.
  • the earphone interface 170D can be a USB interface 130, or a 3.5mm open mobile terminal platform (OMTP) standard interface, or a cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA (CTIA) standard interface.
  • OMTP open mobile terminal platform
  • CTIA cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA
  • the pressure sensor 180A is used to sense the pressure signal and convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal.
  • pressure sensor 180A may be disposed on display screen 194 .
  • pressure sensors 180A such as resistive pressure sensors, inductive pressure sensors, and capacitive pressure sensors.
  • a capacitive pressure sensor may be comprised of at least two parallel plates with conductive material.
  • the electronic device 100 determines the intensity of pressure according to the change in capacitance.
  • the electronic device 100 detects the intensity of the touch operation according to the pressure sensor 180A.
  • the electronic device 100 may also calculate the touched position according to the detection signal of the pressure sensor 180A.
  • touch operations acting on the same touch position but with different touch operation intensities may correspond to different operation instructions. For example: when a touch operation with a touch operation intensity less than the first pressure threshold acts on the short message application icon, an instruction to view short messages is executed. When a touch operation whose intensity is greater than or equal to the first pressure threshold acts on the icon of the short message application, the instruction of creating a new short message is executed.
  • the gyro sensor 180B can be used to determine the motion posture of the electronic device 100 .
  • the angular velocity of the electronic device 100 around three axes may be determined by the gyro sensor 180B.
  • the gyro sensor 180B can be used for image stabilization. Exemplarily, when the shutter is pressed, the gyro sensor 180B detects the shaking angle of the electronic device 100, calculates the distance that the lens module needs to compensate according to the angle, and allows the lens to counteract the shaking of the electronic device 100 through reverse movement to achieve anti-shake.
  • the gyro sensor 180B can also be used for navigation and somatosensory game scenes.
  • the air pressure sensor 180C is used to measure air pressure.
  • the electronic device 100 calculates the altitude based on the air pressure value measured by the air pressure sensor 180C to assist positioning and navigation.
  • the magnetic sensor 180D includes a Hall sensor.
  • the electronic device 100 may detect the opening and closing of the flip holster using the magnetic sensor 180D.
  • the electronic device 100 when the electronic device 100 is a clamshell machine, the electronic device 100 can detect opening and closing of the clamshell according to the magnetic sensor 180D.
  • features such as automatic unlocking of the flip cover are set.
  • the acceleration sensor 180E can detect the acceleration of the electronic device 100 in various directions (generally three axes). When the electronic device 100 is stationary, the magnitude and direction of gravity can be detected. It can also be used to identify the posture of electronic devices, and can be used in applications such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, pedometers, etc.
  • the distance sensor 180F is used to measure the distance.
  • the electronic device 100 may measure the distance by infrared or laser. In some embodiments, when shooting a scene, the electronic device 100 may use the distance sensor 180F for distance measurement to achieve fast focusing.
  • Proximity light sensor 180G may include, for example, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and light detectors, such as photodiodes.
  • the light emitting diodes may be infrared light emitting diodes.
  • the electronic device 100 emits infrared light through the light emitting diode.
  • Electronic device 100 uses photodiodes to detect infrared reflected light from nearby objects. When sufficient reflected light is detected, it may be determined that there is an object near the electronic device 100 . When insufficient reflected light is detected, the electronic device 100 may determine that there is no object near the electronic device 100 .
  • the electronic device 100 can use the proximity light sensor 180G to detect that the user is holding the electronic device 100 close to the ear to make a call, so as to automatically turn off the screen to save power.
  • the proximity light sensor 180G can also be used in leather case mode, automatic unlock and lock screen in pocket mode.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L is used for sensing ambient light brightness.
  • the electronic device 100 can adaptively adjust the brightness of the display screen 194 according to the perceived ambient light brightness.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L can also be used to automatically adjust the white balance when taking pictures.
  • the ambient light sensor 180L can also cooperate with the proximity light sensor 180G to detect whether the electronic device 100 is in the pocket, so as to prevent accidental touch.
  • the fingerprint sensor 180H is used to collect fingerprints.
  • the electronic device 100 can use the collected fingerprint characteristics to implement fingerprint unlocking, access to application locks, take pictures with fingerprints, answer incoming calls with fingerprints, and the like.
  • the temperature sensor 180J is used to detect temperature.
  • the electronic device 100 uses the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 180J to implement a temperature treatment strategy. For example, when the temperature reported by the temperature sensor 180J exceeds the threshold, the electronic device 100 may reduce the performance of the processor located near the temperature sensor 180J, so as to reduce power consumption and implement thermal protection.
  • the electronic device 100 when the temperature is lower than another threshold, the electronic device 100 heats the battery 142 to avoid abnormal shutdown of the electronic device 100 caused by the low temperature.
  • the electronic device 100 boosts the output voltage of the battery 142 to avoid abnormal shutdown caused by low temperature.
  • Touch sensor 180K also known as "touch panel”.
  • the touch sensor 180K can be disposed on the display screen 194, and the touch sensor 180K and the display screen 194 form a touch screen, also called a “touch screen”.
  • the touch sensor 180K is used to detect a touch operation on or near it.
  • the touch sensor can pass the detected touch operation to the application processor to determine the type of touch event.
  • Visual output related to the touch operation can be provided through the display screen 194 .
  • the touch sensor 180K may also be disposed on the surface of the electronic device 100 , which is different from the position of the display screen 194 .
  • the keys 190 include a power key, a volume key and the like.
  • the key 190 may be a mechanical key. It can also be a touch button.
  • the electronic device 100 can receive key input and generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the electronic device 100 .
  • the motor 191 can generate a vibrating reminder.
  • the motor 191 can be used for incoming call vibration prompts, and can also be used for touch vibration feedback.
  • touch operations applied to different applications may correspond to different vibration feedback effects.
  • the motor 191 may also correspond to different vibration feedback effects for touch operations acting on different areas of the display screen 194 .
  • Different application scenarios (such as: time reminder, receiving information, alarm clock, games, etc.) can also correspond to different vibration feedback effects.
  • the touch vibration feedback effect can also support customization.
  • the indicator 192 can be an indicator light, and can be used to indicate charging status, power change, and can also be used to indicate messages, missed calls, notifications, and the like.
  • the SIM card interface 195 is used for connecting a SIM card.
  • the SIM card can be connected and separated from the electronic device 100 by inserting it into the SIM card interface 195 or pulling it out from the SIM card interface 195 .
  • the electronic device 100 may support 1 or N SIM card interfaces, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • SIM card interface 195 can support Nano SIM card, Micro SIM card, SIM card etc. Multiple cards can be inserted into the same SIM card interface 195 at the same time. The types of the multiple cards may be the same or different.
  • the SIM card interface 195 is also compatible with different types of SIM cards.
  • the SIM card interface 195 is also compatible with external memory cards.
  • the electronic device 100 interacts with the network through the SIM card to implement functions such as calling and data communication.
  • the non-volatile memory in the internal memory 121 may be called a memory.
  • the random access memory in the internal memory 121 is called a storage device.
  • the memory may include compressed memory space for storing compressed memory data.
  • the non-volatile memory in the internal memory 121 may include a swap space for expanding the capacity of the random access memory in the internal memory 121 .
  • the processor 110 makes the electronic device 100 execute the virtual memory management method in the embodiment of the present application by invoking computer instructions stored in the internal memory 121 .
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the software structure of the electronic device 100 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the layered architecture divides the software into several layers, and each layer has a clear role and division of labor. Layers communicate through software interfaces.
  • the system is divided into four layers, which are application program layer, application program framework layer, runtime (Runtime) and system library, and kernel layer from top to bottom.
  • the application layer can consist of a series of application packages.
  • the application package may include camera, gallery, calendar, call, map, navigation, WLAN, Bluetooth, music, video, short message and other applications (also called applications).
  • the application framework layer provides an application programming interface (application programming interface, API) and a programming framework for applications in the application layer.
  • the application framework layer includes some predefined functions.
  • the application framework layer can include window manager, content provider, view system, phone manager, resource manager, notification manager and so on.
  • a window manager is used to manage window programs.
  • the window manager can get the size of the display screen, determine whether there is a status bar, lock the screen, capture the screen, etc.
  • Content providers are used to store and retrieve data and make it accessible to applications.
  • Said data may include video, images, audio, calls made and received, browsing history and bookmarks, phonebook, etc.
  • the view system includes visual controls, such as controls for displaying text, controls for displaying pictures, and so on.
  • the view system can be used to build applications.
  • a display interface can consist of one or more views.
  • a display interface including a text message notification icon may include a view for displaying text and a view for displaying pictures.
  • the phone manager is used to provide communication functions of the electronic device 100 . For example, the management of call status (including connected, hung up, etc.).
  • the resource manager provides various resources for the application, such as localized strings, icons, pictures, layout files, video files, and so on.
  • the notification manager enables the application to display notification information in the status bar, which can be used to convey notification-type messages, and can automatically disappear after a short stay without user interaction.
  • the notification manager is used to notify the download completion, message reminder, etc.
  • the notification manager can also be a notification that appears on the top status bar of the system in the form of a chart or scroll bar text, such as a notification of an application running in the background, or a notification that appears on the screen in the form of a dialog interface. For example, prompting text information in the status bar, issuing a prompt sound, vibrating the electronic device, and flashing the indicator light, etc.
  • Runtime includes the core library and virtual machine. Runtime is responsible for the scheduling and management of the system.
  • the core library includes two parts: one part is the function function that the programming language (for example, jave language) needs to call, and the other part is the core library of the system.
  • one part is the function function that the programming language (for example, jave language) needs to call
  • the other part is the core library of the system.
  • the application layer and the application framework layer run in virtual machines.
  • the virtual machine executes programming files (for example, jave files) of the application program layer and the application program framework layer as binary files.
  • the virtual machine is used to perform functions such as object life cycle management, stack management, thread management, security and exception management, and garbage collection.
  • a system library can include multiple function modules. For example: surface manager (surface manager), media library (Media Libraries), 3D graphics processing library (eg: OpenGL ES), 2D graphics engine (eg: SGL), etc.
  • the surface manager is used to manage the display subsystem, and provides fusion of two-dimensional (2-Dimensional, 2D) and three-dimensional (3-Dimensional, 3D) layers for multiple applications.
  • the media library supports playback and recording of various commonly used audio and video formats, as well as still image files, etc.
  • the media library can support a variety of audio and video encoding formats, such as: MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, etc.
  • the 3D graphics processing library is used to implement 3D graphics drawing, image rendering, compositing, and layer processing, etc.
  • 2D graphics engine is a drawing engine for 2D drawing.
  • the kernel layer is the layer between hardware and software.
  • the kernel layer includes at least a display driver, a camera driver, an audio driver, a sensor driver, and a virtual card driver.
  • the workflow of the software and hardware of the electronic device 100 will be exemplarily described below in conjunction with capturing and photographing scenes.
  • a corresponding hardware interrupt is sent to the kernel layer.
  • the kernel layer processes touch operations into original input events (including touch coordinates, time stamps of touch operations, and other information). Raw input events are stored at the kernel level.
  • the application framework layer obtains the original input event from the kernel layer, and identifies the control corresponding to the input event. Take the touch operation as a touch click operation, and the control corresponding to the click operation is the control of the camera application icon as an example.
  • the camera application calls the interface of the application framework layer to start the camera application, and then starts the camera driver by calling the kernel layer.
  • Camera 193 captures still images or video.
  • a virtual memory management module may be included in the application framework layer, system library or kernel layer, and the virtual memory management module may be used to execute the virtual memory management method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the virtual memory management module may specifically include:
  • the grouping module is used to divide the processes of each application into main process grouping and auxiliary process according to application information (such as application package name, application type, etc.) and process information (such as process name, process type, etc.) through the application grouping decision engine group. And adjust the process in the auxiliary process group to the main process group according to the application behavior (such as continuously accessing a certain sensor to obtain data) and the application behavior rules in the rule module (such as the frequency of accessing a certain sensor data reaches the preset frequency value), Or adjust the processes in the main process group to the auxiliary process group.
  • application information such as application package name, application type, etc.
  • process information such as process name, process type, etc.
  • process information such as process name, process type, etc.
  • the rule module is used to store the rules of process group switching of each application, which may also be referred to as application behavior rules. Including rules for switching processes in the auxiliary process group to the main process group (for example, switching the process in the auxiliary process group of application A to the preset first condition in the main process group), and switching the process in the main process group A rule in the auxiliary process group (for example, a preset second condition for switching the process of application A that has been switched to the main process group to the auxiliary process group).
  • the process group switching rules of an application can be preset according to the process status and/or user behavior.
  • the preset condition for a process in map application 1 to switch from an auxiliary process group to a main process group can be preset as follows: the process accesses The frequency of the positioning sensor exceeds the preset frequency threshold 1, and the user's operating frequency in the map application 1 exceeds the preset frequency 2. It can be understood that some process group switching rules may also be preset only according to the process state, or only according to user behavior, which is not limited here.
  • the recycling module is used to reclaim memory in various ways according to the different process grouping types (main process grouping or auxiliary process grouping) determined by the grouping module for each process in the application: including compressing memory data to compressing memory space, dumping Memory data or data in the compressed memory space is transferred to the swap space in the storage device, or memory data in the memory is cleaned up.
  • different strategies can be adopted when reclaiming memory: for example, when compressing memory data into compressed memory space, compress the memory data of processes in the main process group at a higher ratio, and compress at a lower ratio Memory data for processes in the worker process group.
  • cleaning the memory data in the memory only the memory data of the processes in the auxiliary memory group are cleaned, and the memory data of the processes in the main process group are not cleaned.
  • FIG. 13 it is a schematic flowchart of the virtual memory management method in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the name of the main process is recorded in the application information. After the electronic device is turned on, the installation list of all applications can be obtained in the system, and the name of the main process of the application can be obtained by calling the getApplicationInfo function of the application. Maintain a table corresponding to the application and the main process.
  • the electronic device can determine the name of its main process as P1 according to its installation information, and save the correspondence between application A and process P1 in the application-main-process correspondence table. Similarly, the corresponding relationship between other applications and their main process that can be determined is also stored in the application and main process correspondence table.
  • Table 3 it is an example of a corresponding table between an application and a main process:
  • the electronic device may not be able to obtain the main process information corresponding to the application according to the application information.
  • the corresponding relationship between the application and the main process may not be displayed in the corresponding table of the application and the main process, or the corresponding relationship between the application and the main process may be added to the corresponding table of the application and the main process and the main process of the application shall be set as empty value, which is not limited here.
  • the electronic device divides the process P1 into the main process of application A
  • process P2 and process P3 are divided into auxiliary process groups of application A.
  • the grouping relationship of the application A stored in the memory may be as shown in Table 1 above.
  • the electronic device When application A is switched to the background and meets the preset first memory recovery condition, the electronic device partially compresses the data of the processes in the main process group of application A in the memory at the first ratio, and partially compresses the data in the memory at the second ratio. Applying the data of the processes in the auxiliary process grouping of A, the first proportion is greater than the second proportion;
  • the first ratio is the ratio of compressed data to uncompressed data in the data of the processes in the main process group of application A;
  • the second ratio is the ratio of compressed data to uncompressed data among the data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of application A.
  • the preset first memory reclamation condition may be that the total memory space occupied rate exceeds the preset first occupied rate, or the memory occupied rate of a certain application exceeds the preset application's first occupied rate, etc., which are not limited herein.
  • the electronic device compresses the main process of application A at a ratio of 90%.
  • the data of processes P2 and P3 in the auxiliary process group of application A are compressed at a rate of 20%.
  • step S1303 may not be performed.
  • the electronic device clears the data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of the application A in the memory;
  • step S1304 may be performed after step S1303 is performed.
  • the electronic device clears the data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of application A, according to different settings: (1) it can only clear the uncompressed data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of application A in the memory, without clearing the compression The data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of application A in the memory space; (2) the uncompressed data in the memory and the data of the auxiliary process group of application A in the compressed memory space can also be cleaned up, which is not limited here.
  • step S1304 may be directly performed without performing step S1303.
  • the electronic device may directly clear all data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of the application A in the memory.
  • the requirement of the preset second memory reclamation condition is higher than that of the preset first memory reclamation condition.
  • the preset first memory reclamation condition is that the occupied rate of memory space is higher than 50%
  • the preset second memory reclamation condition can be that the occupied rate of memory space is higher than 70%.
  • the memory reclamation condition is higher than the preset first memory reclamation condition.
  • the preset first memory recovery condition may also be called a preset second memory recovery condition, and the preset second memory recovery condition may be called a preset first memory recovery condition.
  • the requirement of the preset second memory reclamation condition is lower than the preset first memory reclamation condition. For example, if the preset first memory reclamation condition is that the occupied rate of memory space is higher than 60%, then the preset second memory reclamation condition can be that the occupied rate of memory space is higher than 40%.
  • the memory reclamation condition is lower than the preset first memory reclamation condition.
  • step S1305 may be performed after step S1304 is performed. At this time, the electronic device may dump the data of the application A in the compressed memory space to the swap space.
  • step S1304 may be directly executed instead of step S1303, and at this time, there is no data of the processes in the auxiliary process group of application A in the memory.
  • the electronic device may dump the data in the main process group of the application A in the memory to the swap space according to the preset first dump ratio.
  • the preset first dump ratio may be 20%, 50%, 100%, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the preset third memory reclamation condition is higher than the preset second memory reclamation condition.
  • the preset second memory reclamation condition is that the memory space occupied rate is higher than 70%
  • the preset third memory reclamation condition can be that the memory space occupied rate is higher than 90%.
  • the memory reclamation condition is higher than the preset second memory reclamation condition.
  • the electronic device when the user actively switches application A to the foreground, the electronic device will read all the dumped anonymous page 30M data of application A from the swap space, and decompress it into the memory middle. At this time, the data of process P1 in the main process group of application A is completely restored, which is 100M, and the user interface of application A can be displayed normally.
  • the electronic device may divide the process of the started application into a main process group and an auxiliary process group of the application, and adopt different policies for the memory management of the processes in the main process group and the auxiliary process group.
  • a lower compression ratio is used, and it is directly cleaned up when it needs to be cleaned up.
  • a higher compression ratio is adopted, and they are dumped into the swap space when the memory pressure is high, ensuring the integrity of important process data. Since the process data in the unimportant auxiliary process group is directly cleaned up, the memory data that needs to be compressed is reduced, and the data that needs to be dumped to the swap space is also reduced. In this way, the data in the read-write swap space is reduced, and the lifespan of the storage device is improved. And it only needs to read less data to restore the data of the process in the main process group, which improves the speed of application hot start.
  • the process P1 may also be referred to as the first process
  • the process P2 may also be referred to as the second process
  • the process P3 may also be referred to as the third process
  • the process P1 may also be called the first process
  • the process P2 may also be called the third process
  • the process P2 may also be called the second process, which is not limited here.
  • the electronic device will continuously sense the process state of the process started by the application A.
  • the electronic device may adjust the process into the main process group of application A.
  • the preset first condition may be a correspondence relationship between a preset process and a preset process state in the preset first state table.
  • the preset first condition can be configured by developers according to actual tests and requirements. That is to say, the processes, process states, and corresponding relationships included in the preset first state table can be configured by developers according to requirements.
  • processes and process states may include a one-to-one correspondence (a process name corresponds to a process state), or may include a one-to-many correspondence (a process name corresponds to a plurality of process states, and if any one of the process states is met, the process meets the preset first condition), and it can also include a many-to-one correspondence (a plurality of process names corresponds to a process state, and these several Any one of the processes conforms to the process state, and the process all conforms to the preset first condition), which is not limited here.
  • the preset processes in the preset first state table may be some processes that may continue to be in an uncleanable state, such as music playing processes, positioning processes, step counting processes, and the like.
  • the preset progress states in the preset first state table may be some user-perceivable progress states. For example, when the music playing process is in the music playing state, if the music playing process is cleared, the user will find that the music is no longer playing, so the user can perceive that the music playing process is cleared. When the positioning process is in the positioning state, if the positioning process is cleared, the user will find that it cannot continue to obtain geographic location information, because the positioning process can be perceived to be cleared.
  • the electronic device when the electronic device determines that the memory data of a certain process cannot be cleaned up, it may determine that the process state of the process meets the preset first condition. In some embodiments, it may also be periodically determined whether the process state of each process conforms to the preset first state table, thereby determining whether the process state of each process conforms to the preset first condition, which is not limited herein.
  • the electronic device will continuously sense the process state of the process started by the application A.
  • the electronic device may adjust the process into the auxiliary process group of application A.
  • the preset second condition may be a correspondence between a preset process and a preset process state in the second preset state table.
  • the preset second condition can be configured by developers according to actual tests and requirements. That is to say, the processes, process states, and the correspondence between processes and process states in the preset second state table can be configured by developers according to requirements.
  • a process and a process state may include a one-to-one correspondence (a process name corresponds to a process state, and the process conforms to the process state, then the process Meet the preset first condition), may also include a one-to-many correspondence (a process name corresponds to multiple process states, if any process state is met, the process meets the preset first condition), may also include The many-to-one correspondence (multiple process names correspond to a process state, any one of the several processes conforms to the process state, and the process conforms to the preset first condition), is not limited here.
  • the preset processes in the preset second state table may be some processes that may continue to be in a cleanable state, such as music playing processes, positioning processes, step counting processes, and the like.
  • the process states in the preset second state table may be process states imperceptible to some users. For example, when the music playback process stops playing music, its process status is stateless, and if the music playback process is cleaned up at this time, the user will not find that the process has been cleaned up. When the positioning process stops positioning, its process status is stateless. If the positioning process is cleaned up, the user will not find that the process has been cleaned up.
  • the preset conditions for transferring the processes in any group to other groups can be set to be different from each other, or it can be set to transfer the processes in any group to other groups.
  • the preset conditions for the processes in some groups to be transferred to a certain group are the same, and the preset conditions for the processes in some groups to be transferred to a certain group are different, which are not limited here.
  • the electronic device can perceive the state of each process, and dynamically adjusts it to different process groups according to the state of the process for corresponding management, which improves the efficiency of memory management.
  • the term “when” may be interpreted to mean “if” or “after” or “in response to determining" or “in response to detecting".
  • the phrases “in determining” or “if detected (a stated condition or event)” may be interpreted to mean “if determining" or “in response to determining" or “on detecting (a stated condition or event)” or “in response to detecting (a stated condition or event)”.
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, DSL) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the available media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state hard disk), etc.
  • the processes can be completed by computer programs to instruct related hardware.
  • the programs can be stored in computer-readable storage media.
  • When the programs are executed may include the processes of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM or random access memory RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk, and other various media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备。在该方法中，将应用的进程分为多个分组，对不同的分组采用不同的内存管理方式：在应用切换到后台且满足内存回收条件的情况下可以清理该应用的第二进程分组中进程的数据，在该应用切换到前台时可以通过该应用的第一进程分组中进程在内存中的数据显示该应用的主界面。实施本申请提供的技术方案，提升了应用热启动的速度。

Description

虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备
本申请要求于2021年06月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110651383.9、申请名称为“虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及终端及通信技术领域，尤其涉及虚拟内存管理方法和电子设备。
背景技术
电子设备的随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)(也称内存)资源是固定的，比如一台手机的RAM配置是8GB。用户每天在使用电子设备过程中，会启动很多个应用，每个应用都会占用一定的RAM空间。
当RAM空间达到电子设备的上限之后，操作系统开始启动应用清理，释放RAM空间，供给用户启动的新应用使用。如果应用的内存被清理回收，用户重新点击应用，会需要重新生成该应用被清理的数据到内存，极大的降低了该应用的热启动的速度。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种内存管理方法，用于提升后台应用的热启动速度。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种虚拟内存管理方法，该方法应用于电子设备，该电子设备包含第一应用，该第一应用包括第一进程和第二进程，该第一进程属于该第一应用的第一进程分组，该第二进程属于该第一应用的第二进程分组，该第一进程为与该第一应用的主界面相关的进程，该方法包括：在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，该电子设备清理该第二进程分组中进程的数据；响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，该电子设备通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面。
在上述实施例中，将第一应用的进程划分到多个进程分组中，其中包括第一进程分组和第二进程分组，第一进程分组中包括与该第一应用的主界面相关的第一进程，第二进程分组中包括第二进程。在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，即该第一应用在后台且内存紧张时，电子设备会清理该第二进程分组中进程的数据，而不清理该第一进程分组中进程的数据。因此，在将该第一应用切换到前台时，电子设备可以直接使用该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面。这样在进行内存清理后，对该第一应用热启动时，不需要重新在内存中生成显示该第一应用的主界面的第一进程的数据，而可以直接使用该第一进程分组中的第一进程在内存中的数据，极大的提升了应用热启动的速度。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，该电子设备清理该第二进程分组中进程的数据的步骤之前， 该方法还包括：在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第二内存回收条件的情况下，该电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中该第一进程分组中进程的数据，得到第一分组压缩内存数据和第一分组未压缩内存数据；该电子设备以第二比例部分压缩内存中该第二进程分组中进程的数据，得到第二分组压缩内存数据和第二分组未压缩内存数据；该第一比例大于该第二比例；该预设第二内存回收条件的要求低于该预设第一内存回收条件。
在上述实施例中，在满足预设第一内存回收条件清理内存之前，在满足要求更低的预设第二内存回收的情况下，电子设备可以先对内存中进程的数据进行压缩，然后在满足预设第一内存条件的情况下再清理内存。在对内存中进程的数据进程压缩时，电子设备可以采用不同的压缩比例对不同分组的进程的数据进行部分压缩：对该第一进程分组中进程的数据采用较高的压缩比例，对该第二进程分组中进程的数据采用较低的压缩比例。由于在内存回收时，会将第二进程分组中进程的数据清理掉，因此对其采用较低的压缩比例一方面节省了进行压缩的计算资源，另一方面又能降低内存空间的占用。而对于第一进程分组中进程的数据采用较高的压缩比例，极大的降低了内存空间的占用。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，该电子设备通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面的步骤之前，该方法还包括：在满足预设第三内存回收条件的情况下，该电子设备将该第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中；该预设第三内存回收条件的要求高于该预设第一内存回收条件；该响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，该电子设备通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面，具体包括：响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，该电子设备从该存储器件的交换空间中读取该第一应用相关的数据解压缩到内存中，其中该第一应用相关的数据包括该第一分组压缩内存数据的部分或全部；该电子设备通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面。
在上述实施例中，可以将第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中，而不需要将第二分组压缩内存数据转储，极大的降低了读写交换空间的数据，提升了存储器件的寿命。且在热启动时，只需要读取交换空间中第一进程分组的数据加压到内存中即可显示该第一应用的主界面，提升了该第一应用热启动的速度。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该第二进程分组中还包括该第一应用的第三进程；该电子设备清理该第二进程分组中进程的数据的步骤之后，该电子设备将该第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中的步骤之前，该方法还包括：在该电子设备确定该第二进程分组中的该第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，该电子设备将该第三进程调整到该第一进程分组中；该电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中该第一进程分组中进程的数据，得到第一分组压缩内存数据和第一分组未压缩内存数据，具体包括：该电子设备以该第一比例部分压缩内存中第一进程的数据和第三进程的数据，得到第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内存数据作为该第一分组压缩内存数据，得到第一进程的未压缩内存数据和第三进程的未压缩内存数据作为该第一分组未压缩内存数据；该电子设备将该第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中，具体包括：该电子设备将该第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内 存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
在上述实施例中，在第二进程分组中有进程持续在运行，占用内存无法而被清理掉时，可以将其调整到第一进程分组中，这样可以对其进行内存压缩和转储，在保障持续运行的进程的数据完整的同时，降低了内存空间的占用。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该第二进程分组中还包括该第一应用的第三进程；该电子设备将该第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中的步骤之后，该方法还包括：在该电子设备确定该第二进程分组中的该第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，该电子设备将该第三进程调整到该第一进程分组中；该电子设备将该第三进程在内存中部分压缩的数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
在上述实施例中，在第二进程分组中有进程持续在运行，占用内存无法而被清理掉时，可以将其调整到第一进程分组中，这样可以对其进行内存压缩和转储，在保障持续运行的进程的数据完整的同时，降低了内存空间的占用。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中该第一进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第一压缩率；该电子设备以第二比例部分压缩内存中该第二进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第二压缩率；该预置第一压缩率与该与预置第二压缩率相同或不同。
在上述实施例中，在对不同分组的进程进行压缩时，可以采用不同的压缩率，在提升电子设备热启动的速度的同时，进一步降低了进程的数据对内存的占用。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：该电子设备根据已安装应用的应用信息，确定已安装应用的主进程的名称；保存已安装的应用与其主进程的对应关系到应用与主进程对应表中，其中包括该第一应用与该第一进程的对应关系；在该第一应用运行的情况下，该电子设备根据该应用与主进程对应表，将该第一进程划分到该第一进程分组中，将该第一应用的其他进程划分到该第二进程分组中。
在上述实施例中，电子设备可以通过已安装的应用信息确定第一应用的主进程的名称，将其自动划分到第一进程分组中，并将该第一应用的其他进程划分到第二进程分组中，提升了对进程的应用分组的效率。
结合第一方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该方法还包括：在确定该第二进程分组中的第四进程符合预设第一条件时，该电子设备将该第四进程调整到该第一进程分组中，该第四进程为该第二进程分组中的任一个进程；在确实该第一进程分组中的第五进程符合预设第二条件时，该电子设备将该第五进程调整到该第二进程分组中，该第五进程为该第一进程分组中的任一个进程。
在上述实施例中，电子设备可以根据应用进程的进程状态是否符合预设第一条件和预设第二条件，将该进程在第一进程分组和第二进程分组之间调整，提升了进程分组的灵活性，在保障应用正常运行的同时，降低了应用对内存的占用。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括：一个或多个处理器和存储器；该存储器与该一个或多个处理器耦合，该存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，该 计算机程序代码包括计算机指令；该存储器还存储有第一应用，该第一应用包括第一进程和第二进程，该第一进程属于该第一应用的第一进程分组，该第二进程属于该第一应用的第二进程分组，该第一进程为与该第一应用的主界面相关的进程；该一个或多个处理器调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，清理该第二进程分组中进程的数据；响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在该第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第二内存回收条件的情况下，以第一比例部分压缩内存中该第一进程分组中进程的数据，得到第一分组压缩内存数据和第一分组未压缩内存数据；以第二比例部分压缩内存中该第二进程分组中进程的数据，得到第二分组压缩内存数据和第二分组未压缩内存数据；该第一比例大于该第二比例；该预设第二内存回收条件的要求低于该预设第一内存回收条件。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在满足预设第三内存回收条件的情况下，将该第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中；该预设第三内存回收条件的要求高于该预设第一内存回收条件；该一个或多个处理器，具体用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：响应于将该第一应用切换到前台的操作，从该存储器件的交换空间中读取该第一应用相关的数据解压缩到内存中，其中该第一应用相关的数据包括该第一分组压缩内存数据的部分或全部；通过该第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示该第一应用的主界面。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该第二进程分组中还包括该第一应用的第三进程；该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在确定该第二进程分组中的该第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，将该第三进程调整到该第一进程分组中；该一个或多个处理器，具体用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：以该第一比例部分压缩内存中第一进程的数据和第三进程的数据，得到第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内存数据作为该第一分组压缩内存数据，得到第一进程的未压缩内存数据和第三进程的未压缩内存数据作为该第一分组未压缩内存数据；将该第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该第二进程分组中还包括该第一应用的第三进程；该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在确定该第二进程分组中的该第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，将该第三进程调整到该第一进程分组中；将该第三进程在内存中部分压缩的数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该一个或多个处理器，具体用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在以第一比例部分压缩内存中该第一进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第一压缩率；在以第二比例部分压缩内存中该第二进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第二压缩率；该预置第一压缩率与该与预置第二压缩率相同或不同。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：根据已安装应用的应用信息，确定已安装应用的主进程的名称；保存已安装的应用与其主进程的对应关系到应用与主进程对应表中，其中包括该第一应用与该第一进程的对应关系；在该第一应用运行的情况下，根据该应用与主进程对应表，将该第一进程划分到该第一进程分组中，将该第一应用的其他进程划分到该第二进程分组中。
结合第二方面的一些实施例，在一些实施例中，该一个或多个处理器，还用于调用该计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行：在确定该第二进程分组中的第四进程符合预设第一条件时，将该第四进程调整到该第一进程分组中，该第四进程为该第二进程分组中的任一个进程；在确实该第一进程分组中的第五进程符合预设第二条件时，将该第五进程调整到该第二进程分组中，该第五进程为该第一进程分组中的任一个进程。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统应用于电子设备，该芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器，该处理器用于调用计算机指令以使得该电子设备执行如第一方面以及第一方面中任一可能的实现方式描述的方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当上述计算机程序产品在电子设备上运行时，使得上述电子设备执行如第一方面以及第一方面中任一可能的实现方式描述的方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当上述指令在电子设备上运行时，使得上述电子设备执行如第一方面以及第一方面中任一可能的实现方式描述的方法。
可以理解地，上述第二方面提供的电子设备、第三方面提供的芯片系统、第四方面提供的计算机程序产品和第五方面提供的计算机存储介质均用于执行本申请实施例所提供的方法。因此，其所能达到的有益效果可参考对应方法中的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
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图1是本申请实施例中应用程序、虚拟内存和物理内存的一个关系示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中内存分页管理的一个示例性示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一个示例性应用场景的信息流向示意图；
图4为一种内存管理的实现方式中对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的示例性示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中一个应用的进程分组示意图；
图6是本申请实施例对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的示例性示意图：
图7是本申请实施例中一个内存数据变化示意图；
图8是本申请实施例中一个应用的进程分组调整示意图；
图9a是本申请实施例中对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的另一个示例性示意图；
图9b是本申请实施例中对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的另一个示例性 示意图：
图10是本申请实施例提供的电子设备100的一个示例性硬件结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的电子设备100的一个示例性软件框架示意图；
图12是本申请实施例中虚拟内存管理模块的一个示例性结构示意图；
图13是本申请实施例中虚拟内存管理方法的一个流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括复数表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，本申请中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个所列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为暗示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征，在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
由于本申请实施例涉及内存管理的应用，为了便于理解，下面先对本申请实施例涉及的相关术语及概念进行介绍。
(1)内存转储：
本申请实施例中，将内存中暂时用不到的数据，存储到存储器件中的交换分区的过程，称为内存转储。
(2)内存页：
操作系统将内存空间划分为大小相同的页面进行管理，这样的页面称为内存页。
根据操作系统设置的不同，不同电子设备的操作系统中内存页的大小可以不同，例如为4KB、8KB或16KB等。
而在一个电子设备的操作系统中，以固定大小的内存页作为内存空间的最小分配单位，将电子设备中的数据以内存页的形式进行管理。因此也可以以内存页来作为数据量大小的单位。
下面对内存分页管理进行相关说明：
2.1、内存管理：
操作系统中两个重要的概念为中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)和内存。CPU用于执行指令。内存用于存储计算机可执行程序代码、操作系统、程序、数据等。内存也可以被称为内部存储器。
对于内存来说，它是资源有限的，如果进程占用内存较大甚至大于物理内存，并且要同时执行多个进程，这就需要涉及到内存管理。
理想情况下用户对内存的期待是大容量、高速度和持久性，但是现实中内存却是一个由缓存、主存、磁盘组成的内存架构。该架构中，缓存低容量、读写速度快但成本高，主 存中速度、中容量和中成本，磁盘大容量、持久性好但速度慢。
内存管理就是要对“用户”提供一个统一的抽象，屏蔽缓存、主存和磁盘之间的差异，甚至感知不到它们的存在。用户无需担心程序是存储在缓存、主存还是磁盘上，只要运行、输出的结果是一样的即可。
且操作系统在同时执行多个进程的程序时，需要保证它们之间互不干扰，也就是说一个进程不能访问另一个进程的内存空间。程序中读写特定内存数据时，不能直接映射到物理内存，也就是说程序发出的内存地址和物理内存要是独立的。
而使用虚拟内存就可以满足这些内存管理的需要。
2.2、虚拟内存：
虚拟内存的使用，避免程序直接和物理内存打交道，并且对缓存、主存和磁盘做了统一抽象，这样程序就可以突破物理内存的大小限制，当然程序还是要受制于虚拟内存的大小限制。
使用虚拟内存后，程序中看到的内存地址是虚拟内存地址，程序对虚拟内存地址的读写会被映射到实际的物理内存中，这个映射称为翻译。这个翻译工作是由内存管理单元(memory management unit，MMU)来完成，MMU接收CPU发出的虚拟地址，将其翻译为物理地址后发送给内存，内存按照该物理地址进行相应访问后读出或写入相关数据。
图1为本申请实施例中应用程序、虚拟内存和物理内存的一个关系示意图。电子设备中的缓存、主存、硬盘等物理内存都可以统一抽象为虚拟内存，提供虚拟内存地址给电子设备中的应用程序。用户通过应用程序对虚拟内存地址的读写会映射到实际的物理内存中。
2.3、内存空间分页管理：
内存空间分页管理的核心是将虚拟内存空间和物理内存空间皆划分为大小相同的页面，并以页面作为内存空间的最小分配单位，一个程序的一个页面可以存放在任意一个物理页面里。
通过内存空间的分页管理，可以实现连续的虚拟内存空间映射到不一定连续的物理内存空间。这样可以使得进程中连续的数据段存储在不连续的物理内存中，使得对内存空间的管理更加灵活。
图2为本申请实施例中内存分页管理的一个示例性示意图。分页机制可以将数据拆分成内存页大小，分配虚拟地址空间中的连续地址。这些在虚拟地址空间中地址连续的内存页可以打散分配到在物理地址空间中的未分配页中。
本申请一些实施例中，内存页也可以简称为页，后续不再赘述。
根据内存页性质的不同，可以将一些内存页称为文件页，一些内存页称为匿名页，此处不作限定。
(3)文件页：
一般的，内存中的文件页是文件缓存区，即文件型的内存页，用于存放文件数据的内存页(也称永久页)，作用在于读写文件时可以减少对存储器件的访问。在内存管理中，大 部分文件页都可以直接回收，在以后有需要时，可以再从存储器件中重新读取即可。
(4)匿名页：
一般的，应用程序动态分配的堆内存，也就是内存管理中的匿名页，它们很可能还要再次被访问，一般不直接回收。
下面对本申请涉及的应用场景进行示例性描述：
图3为本申请实施例中一个示例性应用场景的信息流向示意图。
应用程序框架层可以包括进程状态、进程清理等模块，其中：
进程状态模块，用于收集、识别和管理进程状态，为其他模块提供查询进程状态的接口；
进程清理模块，用于清理系统中进程，降低电子设备内存压力，为电子设备提供稳定性能保障。
例如，用户启动应用X查看图片，进程状态模块可以将该应用X的进程标记为查看状态。此时，用户启动应用Y播放音乐，该应用X切换到后台，进程状态模块可以将该应用Y的进程标记为播放状态，将该应用X的进程更新为空闲状态。在用户累计启动若干个应用后，进程清理模块会定时去内核节点查询内存情况，若感知到系统低内存状态，会主动清理进程。进程清理模块可以通过函数调用进程状态模块提供的接口，确定应用X的进程为空闲状态，清理应用X的内存数据；确定应用Y的进程为播放状态，不清理应用X的内存数据。
示例性的，电子设备的应用程序层可以有应用A和应用B。应用A和应用B运行后，应用A和应用B的相关进程在内核层会占用一定容量的内存，包括应用A的进程(例如进程P2、P2、P3)的匿名页和应用B的进程的匿名页。
若电子设备启动新的应用，使得电子设备总的内存被占用的容量达到阈值A时，内核层中的压缩进程(例如，kswapd进程)会将部分匿名页压缩到压缩内存空间(例如ZRAM)，内核层中的换出进程(例如zswapd进程)也可以将压缩内存空间中被压缩后的部分或全部匿名页换出到交换分区，这样可以降低内存空间的占用。
若电子设备的内存的被占用量持续增加，被压缩到压缩内存空间数据持续增加，压缩内存空间被占用的容量达到阈值B时，电子设备可以通过存储器件的IO接口，将压缩内存空间中被压缩的内存数据转储到存储器件的交换分区中。
若电子设备需要使用交换分区的数据，电子设备会再将该交换分区中的数据读取到内存中。
一种实现方式中，在对一个应用(例如应用A)的进程进行管理时，会将该应用的所有进程都放在一个内存分组中。这样在将该应用相关的进程的匿名页转储时，可以连续存放到存储器件的交换分区，在应用热启动时也能顺序的连续将该应用相关的进程的匿名读取回内存中。
示例性的，以对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理为例，对该实现方式中的内存管理方式 进行示例性说明，图4为该实现方式中对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的示例性示意图：
将应用A的一段时间的运行过程分为5个阶段：前台、后台、压缩、换出、换入(热启动)：
前台阶段：用户打开应用A，应用A启动其包含的3个进程：P1、P2、P3，将这三个进程放到一个内存分组中，以便于系统确定应用A对应的进程是哪些，并便于对应用A的内存数据进行顺序读写。这三个进程的匿名页分别在内存中占据100M、250M、200M的内存空间，应用A的匿名页共占据550M的内存空间。应用A启动后，还可以缓存相关文件到内存中，可以假设其缓存了250M的数据到内存中，因此应用A的文件页占据250M的内存空间。应用A共占据800M的内存空间。
由于内存中文件页的内存空间回收有其固有的规则，为便于描述，本申请实施例中设定应用A的文件页在此过程中占据的内存空间不改变。
后台阶段：在用户使用应用A一段时间后，若用户想要使用其他的应用，例如应用B。用户会打开应用B，此时应用A由在前台运行切换到在后台运行。由于在后台运行不再需要即时显示一些内容，因此，电子设备可以将应用A一些此时不需要使用的数据在内存中裁剪掉。例如，若应用A为一个照片查看应用，其包括主界面显示进程P1、照片预览进程P2和照片数据缓存进程P3。用户打开该应用A查看了10张照片后，将该应用A切换到了后台，且一段时间都没再启动该应用A。在内存紧张时，电子设备系统触发该应用A进程内存回收，该应用A可以主动检测自己启动的进程的状态，将之前照片预览进程P2预览10张照片的前5张照片时生成的数据以及照片数据缓存进程P3缓存的该前5张照片的数据均裁剪掉。示例性的，可以将应用A的进程P2和进程P3在内存中各裁剪掉50M不需要使用的数据。此时，应用A的进程P1、P2、P3在内存中占用的空间分别为：100M、200M、150M，共占用450M内存空间。
可以理解的是，应用是否对该应用的进程占用的内存数据进行裁剪由应用中的规则自行决定。在实际应用中，对于有些应用，在应用切换到后台后，应用也可以不对该应用的进程占用的内存数据进行裁剪，此处不作限定。
压缩阶段：若用户又打开了其他的应用，占用更多的内存，此时电子设备的内存压力增大。在总的内存空间被占用的比例超出预设阈值A时，电子设备对内存中不在前台的应用程序的数据进行压缩。示例性的，按照1/3的压缩率，可以将应用程序A占用内存的450M数据压缩为150M的压缩数据，放入内存中的压缩内存空间(例如ZRAM)中。此时，该应用程序A的3个进程P1、P2、P3在内存中占用的空间为150M。
换出阶段：若用户继续打开其他的新应用，占用更多的内存，内存压力继续增大。在压缩内存空间被占用的比例也超出预设阈值B时，电子设备可以将内存的压缩内存空间中的部分数据换出到存储器件的交换分区中。因此，电子设备将应用A在压缩内存空间的150M数据换出到交换空间，此时，应用A的匿名页在内存中占用的空间为0；在存储器件的交换空间中占用的空间为150M。
在一些实施例中，将压缩内存空间中的数据换出到交换空间时也可以将数据再次压缩， 例如可以将压缩内存空间的150M数据再次压缩为50M的数据存储到交换空间。此时，应用A的匿名页在存储器件的交换空间中占用的空间为50M。
换入阶段(又称热启动)：若用户此时又想使用应用A了，用户主动将应用A切换至前台。电子设备会从交换空间读取转储的应用A的所有匿名页，解压到内存中，此时，应用A的进程P1、P2、P3恢复450M数据到内存中运行，并重新生成进程P2被裁剪的50M数据和进程P3被裁剪的50M数据，共占据550M的内存容量，显示应用A的用户界面。
可以理解的是，若在后台阶段，应用A没有对进程P2和P3的内存数据进行裁剪，则在该换入阶段，电子设备从交换空间读取转储的应用A的所有匿名页后，直接解压到内存中即可恢复该应用A在内存中的全部数据，显示该应用A的用户界面。
在该实现方式的场景中，在用户将应用A切换到后台一段时间后，电子设备会将该应用A的压缩后的150M的匿名页数据写入交换空间。用户将该应用A切回前台(又称应用热启动)时，电子设备需要快速将交换分区中该应用A的三个进程的150M的匿名页数据读取到内存中。这样，一方面，需要对存储器件的交换空间读写150M的数据，会降低存储器件的寿命。另一方面，然而由于存储器件的读取数据相比内存的读取速度慢很多，因此，需要延迟一段时间才能完成该应用热启动。以存储器件为通用闪存存储(universal flash storage，UFS)3.1器件为例，顺序读速度约为1GB/s，应用A转储到交换分区的内存大小为150MB，完全从UFS读取内存数据需要150ms。因此热启动该应用A时至少会有150ms的延迟，用户能明显感觉到卡顿。
而在本申请实施例中，在对一个应用的进程进行管理时，如图5所示，可以将应用的进程分为至少两个分组，其中支撑应用A的用户界面显示的进程P1可以归类为主进程分组，支撑应用A的其他功能的进程P2、P3可以归类为辅助进程分组。
电子设备可以设定：
当内存压力大时，可以按照不同的压缩比例对主进程分组中进程和辅助进程分组中进程进行压缩：以较大的压缩比例来压缩主进程分组中进程的匿名页(例如90％)，而以较小的压缩比例来压缩辅助进程分组中进程的匿名页(例如20％)。按照一定的比例部分压缩一个进程的匿名页后，内存中存在该进程已压缩的内存数据以及该进程未压缩的内存数据。例如，若以90％的压缩比例来压缩进程J1的100M的内存数据，则可以将其中的100M*90％＝90M按照1/3的压缩率压缩为30M，将其中的100M*10％＝10M不压缩，从而得到该进程J130M的已压缩内存数据以及10M的未压缩内存数据。因此，内存中会存在已压缩的内存数据和未压缩的内存数据。当需要清理内存时，仅清理辅助进程分组中进程的匿名页，包括其已压缩的内存数据和未压缩的内存数据，而不清理主进程分组中进程的匿名页。
由于主进程分组中的进程一般为较重要的进程，例如用于显示用户界面的进程、需要持续运行的进程等，对其进行较高比例的压缩可以在不将其清理的情况下降低其内存占用，且在需要时可以快速恢复。而辅助进程分组中的进程一般为提供辅助功能的进程，对其进行较低比例的压缩可以节省算力资源，若内存压力较大，即使清理掉这些进程的数据也对 应用不具有重要影响。
示例性的，以对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理为例，对本申请实施例中的内存管理方式进行示例性说明，图6为本申请实施例中对应用A在各阶段进行内存管理后内存状态的示例性示意图：
将应用A的一段时间的运行过程分为7个阶段：前台、后台、压缩、清理、换出、换入(热启动)、触发功能：
前台阶段：用户打开应用A，应用A启动其包含的3个进程：P1、P2、P3。电子设备根据存储的应用与主进程对应表，确定应用A启动的3个进程中，P1进程为主进程。采用二级分组，将进程P1划分到应用A的主进程分组，将另外2个进程P2、P3划分到应用A的辅助进程分组。
进程的分组可以采用多种方式来实现：
例如，该分组的划分可以通过在内存中存储一个分组关系表来实现，示例性的，如下表1所示，为存储的应用A的分组关系示例：
应用名称 主进程分组中的进程 辅助进程分组中的进程
应用A P1 P2、P3
表1
再如，该分组的划分可以通过存储如图5所示的分支树的形式来实现；
再如，分组的划分可以通过存储一个对应关系来实现，该对应关系的表现形式可以有多种方式，函数、数组等，此处不作限定。例如，可以采用【应用A，P1，P2P3】的形式来表示应用A中的主进程分组中包括P1进程、辅助进程分组中包括P2、P3进程的对应关系。
还可以有很多的其他实现进程分组的划分的方式，此处不作限定。
P1、P2、P3这三个进程的匿名页分别在内存中占据100M、250M、200M的内存空间，主进程分组中进程P1占据100M，辅助进程分组中P2、P2共占据450M，应用A的匿名页共占据550M的内存空间。应用A启动后，还可以缓存相关文件到内存中，可以假设其缓存了250M的数据到内存中，因此应用A的文件页占据250M的内存空间。应用A共占据800M的内存空间。
由于内存中文件页的内存空间回收有其固有的规则，为便于描述，本申请实施例中设定应用A的文件页在此过程中占据的内存空间不改变。
后台阶段：在用户使用应用A一段时间后，若用户想要使用其他的应用，例如应用B。用户会打开应用B，此时应用A由在前台运行切换到在后台运行。由于在后台运行不再需要即时显示一些内容，因此，电子设备可以将应用A一些此时不需要使用的数据在内存中裁剪掉。例如，可以将应用A的进程P2在内存中裁剪掉50M不需要使用的数据，将进程P3在内存中裁剪掉40M不需要使用的数据。此时，应用A的进程P1、P2、P3在内存中占用的空间分别为：100M、200M、160M，主进程分组中进程P1占据100M，辅助进程分组中进行P2、P3占据360M，共占用460M内存空间。
压缩阶段：若用户又打开了其他的应用，占用更多的内存，此时电子设备的内存压力 增大。在总的内存空间被占用的比例超出预设阈值A时，电子设备对内存中不在前台的应用程序的数据进行压缩。
以90％的压缩比例来压缩主进程分组中进程P1的100M的数据：将其中100M*90％＝90M的数据按照1/3的压缩率压缩为30M的压缩内存数据P1-Y，放入内存中的压缩内存空间中；剩余100*10％＝10M的未压缩数据P1-W。
以20％的压缩比例来压缩辅助进程分组中进程P2和P3的360M的数据：将其中360M*20％＝72M的数据按照1/3的压缩率压缩为24M的压缩内存数据P2-P3-Y，放入内存中的压缩内存空间中；剩余360M*80％＝288M的未压缩数据P2-P3-W。
此时，应用A在内存中占用的总内存空间为10M(P1-W)+30M(P1-Y)+288M(P2-P3-W)+24M(P2-P3-Y)＝352M。
清理阶段：内存压力进一步增大时，电子设备将内存中辅助进程分组中进程的数据全部清理，即可将应用A的辅助进程分组中的进程P2和P3未压缩的281M的数据P2-P3-W以及该进程P2和P3已压缩的24M的数据P2-P3-Y都清理掉。应用A在内存中剩余的内存数据为P1-W：10M；P1-Y：30M，共计40M。
换出阶段：若用户继续打开其他的新应用，占用更多的内存，内存压力继续增大。电子设备可以将内存的压缩内存空间中的部分数据换出到存储器件的交换空间中。因此，电子设备将应用A在压缩内存空间的30M数据(P1-Y：30M)换出到交换空间，此时，应用A的匿名页在内存中占用的空间为10M；在存储器件的交换空间中占用的空间为30M。
在一些实施例中，将压缩内存空间中的数据换出到交换空间时也可以将数据再次压缩，例如可以将压缩内存空间的30M数据再次压缩为10M的数据存储到交换空间。此时，应用A的匿名页在存储器件的交换空间中占用的空间为10M。
换入阶段：若用户此时又想使用应用A了，用户主动将应用A切换至前台。电子设备会从交换空间读取转储的应用A的所有匿名页30M数据，解压到内存中。此时，应用A的主进程分组中的进程P1的数据完全恢复，为100M。
由于一般的，主进程分组中的主进程为与应用启动界面相关的进程，因此，在主进程P1的数据在内存中完全恢复后，其可以正常显示应用A的用户界面。例如，若该应用A为一个购物类应用，其名称为gouwus，其启动后包括3个进程：com.gouwus.gouwus(P1)，com.gouwus.gouwus:sandboxed_privilege_process(P2)，com.gouwus.gouwus:channel(P3)。其中com.gouwus.gouwus是该购物应用gouwus的主进程，用于显示该购物应用gouwus的主界面。在该进程在内存中的数据全部恢复后，即可正常显示出该购物应用gouwus的用户界面。
可以理解的是，一个应用的主界面属于应用的一种用户界面，在一些实施例中，也可以将应用的主界面称为应用的用户界面，此处不作限定。
触发功能阶段：若用户点击应用A的用户界面，触发了需要进程P2和P3支持的功能， 则电子设备可以读取存储器中应用A的文件，在内存中重新生成进程P2的250M数据和进程P3的200M数据，占用450M内存。此时应用A的3个进程在内存中的容量占用恢复到550M。
本申请实施例中，应用A换出到交换空间时，只要将30M的匿名页数据写入交换空间。在应用A热启动切换到前台时，也只需要从交换空间读取30M的数据，就可以在内存中恢复主进程分组中进程P1的数据，显示应用A的用户界面。这样，一方面，极大的降低了读写交换空间的数据，提升了存储器件的寿命。另一方面，读取30M的数据，延迟只有30ms，极大降低了应用A热启动的延迟，提升了应用A热启动的速度。
为便于理解，下面结合图7所示的数据变化示意图，示例性的对上述压缩阶段、清理阶段和换出阶段的处理过程进行进一步描述：
假设应用A在内存中的数据包括主进程分组中进程P1的数据和辅助进程分组中进程P2与P3的数据，此时内存中的压缩内存空间中可以存储有其他应用1压缩的内存数据，存储器件的交换空间中暂时还没有从内存中转储出来的数据。
在轻微内存压力下，电子设备对内存中的数据进行压缩。按照对主进程分组中进程高压缩比例，对辅助进程分组中低压缩比例的方式，可以压缩主进程P1的匿名页中75％的数据，压缩辅助进程P2和P3的匿名页中50％的数据。此时，应用A在内存中数据包括未压缩内存的数据和压缩内存空间(例如ZRAM)中的数据。其中未压缩内存的数据包括：主进程分组中进程P1未压缩内存的数据P1-W；辅助进程分组中进程P2和P3未压缩内存的数据P2-P3-W。其中压缩内存空间中的数据包括：主进程分组中进程P1已压缩内存的数据P1-Y；辅助进程分组中进程P2和P3已压缩内存的数据P2-P3-Y。内存中应用A占用的空间量降低。
随着内存压力的增强，电子设备清理辅助进程分组中进程在内存中的全部数据，即将P2-P3-W和P2-P3-Y清理掉。此时，应用A在内存中未压缩内存的数据占用的空间进一步降低。
在内存压力增强时，若有其他应用2压缩内存数据到压缩内存空间，压缩内存空间的空间占用量超出预设阈值B时，电子设备可以将压缩内存空间中部分数据交换到交换空间。
例如图7所示，可以将其他应用1压缩的内存数据和P1-Y均交换到交换空间中存储。在将压缩内存空间中的数据交换到交换空间存储时，可以对这些内存数据进行再次压缩。
在一些实施例中，内存中可以没有压缩内存空间，则电子设备可以不执行上述内存中的压缩过程，而是直接清理掉辅助进程分组中的进程在内存中的所有数据。
在一些实施例中，将内存中的数据交换到交换空间时，可以压缩，也可以不压缩，此处不作限定。
上述实施例中，在应用A启动后，电子设备可以根据预先存储的应用与主进程对应表，确定应用A启动的3个进程中，P1进程为主进程，将其划分到应用A的主进程分组，将另外2个进程P2、P3划分到应用A的辅助进程分组。
一般的，应用的主进程为与应用的主界面相关的进程。
例如，对于一个音乐播放应用bofang，其包括的3个进程：com.bofang.bofang(主进程P1)可以用于显示音乐播放的主界面；com.bofang.bofan:f(辅助进程P2)可以用于播放音乐；com.bofang.bofan:z可以用于提前载入播放列表中下一首音乐的数据。
再如，对于一个运动类应用yundong，其包括的3个进程：com.yundong.yundong(主进程P1)可以用于显示该运动应用的主界面；com.yundong.yundong:j(辅助进程P2)可以用于持续获取传感器的计步数据；com.yundong.yundong:g(辅助进程P3)可以用于获取用户步数排行信息。
需要说明的是，电子设备可以分别将每个应用的进程划分到属于该应用的多个进程分组中，其中包括主进程分组与辅助进程分组。也就是说，一个应用有属于该应用自己的主进程分组和辅助进程分组，例如应用A有应用A的主进程分组A1和辅助进程分组A2，应用B由应用B的主进程分组B1和辅助进程分组B2。该应用与应用的进程分组中进程的对应关系可以保存在内存中，其可以通过分组关系表的形式来存储，也可以通过函数、数组等形式存储，此处不作限定。
可以理解的是，应用的主进程一般都会划分到该应用的主进程分组，但应用的主进程分组中不一定只有应用的主进程。例如，在辅助进程分组中的进程符合一定的条件时，可以将该进程调整到该进程从辅助进程分组调整到该主进程分组中。此时，该应用的主进程分组中不仅包括该应用的主进程，还包括该应用的其他进程。
在本申请的一些实施例中，主进程分组也可以被称为第一进程分组，辅助进程分组也可以被称为第二进程分组，此处不作限定。
在一些实施例中，在应用A运行过程中，电子设备可以实时感知启动的应用中各进程的状态，在辅助进程分组中的进程符合预设第一条件时，将其调整到主进程分组中。示例性的，如图8所示，若电子设备确定应用A的辅助进程分组中进程P2在持续获取计步传感器的数据，表明该进程P2具有持续运行的需求，则电子设备可以将该应用A的进程P2从应用A的辅助进程分组调整到主进程分组中。
示例性的，该分组的划分可以通过在内存中存储一个分组关系表来实现，如下表2所示，为此时存储的应用A的分组关系示例：
应用名称 主进程分组中的进程 辅助进程分组中的进程
应用A P1、P2 P3
表2
再如，该分组的划分可以通过存储如图8所示的分支树的形式来实现。此处不作限定。
可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，当主进程分组中的进程符合预设第二条件时，电子设备也可以将其调整到辅助进程分组中，此处不作限定。
电子设备在不同的时机对应用的进程进行分组调整可以相应的执行不同的操作，下面结合图6所示场景对其中几种情况进行示例性说明：
如图6所示，在压缩阶段，电子设备在内存中对应用A的主进程分组中的进程P1以 及辅助进程分组中的进程P2和P3的数据压缩后，得到进程P1未压缩的数据P1-W、进程P1已压缩的数据P1-Y、进程P2和P3未压缩的数据P2-P3-W(其中包括进程P2未压缩的数据P2-W以及进程P3未压缩的数据P3-W)、进程P2和P3已压缩的数据P2-P3-Y(其中包括进程P2已压缩的数据P2-Y以及进程P3已压缩的数据P3-Y)。
示例性的，如图9a所示，在清理阶段，电子设备已清理应用A的辅助进程分组中进程P2和P3在内存中的所有数据一个或多次后。若电子设备的内存持续紧张，且电子设备检测到应用A的进程P2的数据一直没有被清理掉(例如应用A为音乐播放应用bofang，而进程P2为用于播放音乐的进程com.bofang.bofan:f)。则，电子设备此时可以将该进程P2调整到应用A的主进程分组中。这样，在换出阶段，电子设备可以将应用A的主进程分组中的进程P1和进程P2的已压缩部分一起换出到存储器件的交换空间。
示例性的，如图9b所示，若清理阶段，电子设备已清理应用A的辅助进程分组中进程P2和P3在内存中的所有数据一个或多次。在换出阶段，电子设备已将应用A的主进程分组中进程P1已压缩的数据P1-Y换出到存储器件的交换空间中。电子设备的内存持续紧张，且电子设备检测到应用A的进程P2的数据还在内存中，没有被清理掉(例如应用A为运动类应用yundong，而进程P2为用于持续获取传感器的计步数据的进程com.yundong.yundong:j)。则电子设备此时可以将该进程P2调整到应用A的主进程分组中，且将该进程P2已压缩的内存数据P2-Y换出到存储器件的交换空间。
可以理解的是，电子设备还可以在其他的内存管理阶段对应用的主进程分组或辅助进程分组中的进程进行分组调整，并在分组调整后进行相应的内存管理，此处不作限定。
下面首先介绍本申请实施例提供的示例性电子设备100。
图10是本申请实施例提供的电子设备100的结构示意图。
下面以电子设备100为例对实施例进行具体说明。应该理解的是，电子设备100可以具有比图中所示的更多的或者更少的部件，可以组合两个或多个的部件，或者可以具有不同的部件配置。图中所示出的各种部件可以在包括一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路在内的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合中实现。
电子设备100可以包括：处理器110，外部存储器接口120，内部存储器121，通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口130，充电管理模块140，电源管理模块141，电池142，天线1，天线2，移动通信模块150，无线通信模块160，音频模块170，扬声器170A，受话器170B，麦克风170C，耳机接口170D，传感器模块180，按键190，马达191，指示器192，摄像头193，显示屏194以及用户标识模块(subscriber identification module，SIM)卡接口195等。其中传感器模块180可以包括压力传感器180A，陀螺仪传感器180B，气压传感器180C，磁传感器180D，加速度传感器180E，距离传感器180F，接近光传感器180G，指纹传感器180H，温度传感器180J，触摸传感器180K，环境光传感器180L，骨传导传感器180M等。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对电子设备100的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，电子设备100可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬 件的组合实现。
处理器110可以包括一个或多个处理单元，例如：处理器110可以包括应用处理器(application processor，AP)，调制解调处理器，图形处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)，图像信号处理器(image signal processor，ISP)，控制器，存储器，视频编解码器，数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)，基带处理器，和/或神经网络处理器(neural-network processing unit，NPU)等。其中，不同的处理单元可以是独立的器件，也可以集成在一个或多个处理器中。
其中，控制器可以是电子设备100的神经中枢和指挥中心。控制器可以根据指令操作码和时序信号，产生操作控制信号，完成取指令和执行指令的控制。
处理器110中还可以设置存储器，用于存储指令和数据。在一些实施例中，处理器110中的存储器为高速缓冲存储器。该存储器可以保存处理器110刚用过或循环使用的指令或数据。如果处理器110需要再次使用该指令或数据，可从所述存储器中直接调用。避免了重复存取，减少了处理器110的等待时间，因而提高了系统的效率。
在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包括一个或多个接口。接口可以包括集成电路(inter-integrated circuit，I2C)接口，集成电路内置音频(inter-integrated circuit sound，I2S)接口，脉冲编码调制(pulse code modulation，PCM)接口，通用异步收发传输器(universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter，UART)接口，移动产业处理器接口(mobile industry processor interface，MIPI)，通用输入输出(general-purpose input/output，GPIO)接口，用户标识模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)接口，和/或通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口等。
I2C接口是一种双向同步串行总线，包括一根串行数据线(serial data line，SDA)和一根串行时钟线(derail clock line，SCL)。在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包含多组I2C总线。处理器110可以通过不同的I2C总线接口分别耦合触摸传感器180K，充电器，闪光灯，摄像头193等。例如：处理器110可以通过I2C接口耦合触摸传感器180K，使处理器110与触摸传感器180K通过I2C总线接口通信，实现电子设备100的触摸功能。
I2S接口可以用于音频通信。在一些实施例中，处理器110可以包含多组I2S总线。处理器110可以通过I2S总线与音频模块170耦合，实现处理器110与音频模块170之间的通信。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以通过I2S接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。
PCM接口也可以用于音频通信，将模拟信号抽样，量化和编码。在一些实施例中，音频模块170与无线通信模块160可以通过PCM总线接口耦合。在一些实施例中，音频模块170也可以通过PCM接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机接听电话的功能。所述I2S接口和所述PCM接口都可以用于音频通信。
UART接口是一种通用串行数据总线，用于异步通信。该总线可以为双向通信总线。它将要传输的数据在串行通信与并行通信之间转换。在一些实施例中，UART接口通常被用于连接处理器110与无线通信模块160。例如：处理器110通过UART接口与无线通信模块160中的蓝牙模块通信，实现蓝牙功能。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以通过UART接口向无线通信模块160传递音频信号，实现通过蓝牙耳机播放音乐的功能。
MIPI接口可以被用于连接处理器110与显示屏194，摄像头193等外围器件。MIPI接口包括摄像头串行接口(camera serial interface，CSI)，显示屏串行接口(display serial interface，DSI)等。在一些实施例中，处理器110和摄像头193通过CSI接口通信，实现电子设备100的拍摄功能。处理器110和显示屏194通过DSI接口通信，实现电子设备100的显示功能。
GPIO接口可以通过软件配置。GPIO接口可以被配置为控制信号，也可被配置为数据信号。在一些实施例中，GPIO接口可以用于连接处理器110与摄像头193，显示屏194，无线通信模块160，音频模块170，传感器模块180等。GPIO接口还可以被配置为I2C接口，I2S接口，UART接口，MIPI接口等。
SIM接口可以被用于与SIM卡接口195通信，实现传送数据到SIM卡或读取SIM卡中数据的功能。
USB接口130是符合USB标准规范的接口，具体可以是Mini USB接口，Micro USB接口，USB Type C接口等。USB接口130可以用于连接充电器为电子设备100充电，也可以用于电子设备100与外围设备之间传输数据。也可以用于连接耳机，通过耳机播放音频。该接口还可以用于连接其他电子设备，例如AR设备等。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的各模块间的接口连接关系，只是示意性说明，并不构成对电子设备100的结构限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，电子设备100也可以采用上述实施例中不同的接口连接方式，或多种接口连接方式的组合。
充电管理模块140用于从充电器接收充电输入。其中，充电器可以是无线充电器，也可以是有线充电器。
电源管理模块141用于连接电池142，充电管理模块140与处理器110。电源管理模块141接收电池142和/或充电管理模块140的输入，为处理器110，内部存储器121，外部存储器，显示屏194，摄像头193，和无线通信模块160等供电。
电子设备100的无线通信功能可以通过天线1，天线2，移动通信模块150，无线通信模块160，调制解调处理器以及基带处理器等实现。
天线1和天线2用于发射和接收电磁波信号。电子设备100中的每个天线可用于覆盖单个或多个通信频带。不同的天线还可以复用，以提高天线的利用率。例如：可以将天线1复用为无线局域网的分集天线。在另外一些实施例中，天线可以和调谐开关结合使用。
移动通信模块150可以提供应用在电子设备100上的包括2G/3G/4G/5G等无线通信的解决方案。移动通信模块150可以包括至少一个滤波器，开关，功率放大器，低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)等。移动通信模块150可以由天线1接收电磁波，并对接收的电磁波进行滤波，放大等处理，传送至调制解调处理器进行解调。移动通信模块150还可以对经调制解调处理器调制后的信号放大，经天线1转为电磁波辐射出去。在一些实施例中，移动通信模块150的至少部分功能模块可以被设置于处理器110中。在一些实施例中，移动通信模块150的至少部分功能模块可以与处理器110的至少部分模块被设置在同一个器件中。
调制解调处理器可以包括调制器和解调器。其中，调制器用于将待发送的低频基带信号调制成中高频信号。解调器用于将接收的电磁波信号解调为低频基带信号。随后解调器 将解调得到的低频基带信号传送至基带处理器处理。低频基带信号经基带处理器处理后，被传递给应用处理器。应用处理器通过音频设备(不限于扬声器170A，受话器170B等)输出声音信号，或通过显示屏194显示图像或视频。在一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以是独立的器件。在另一些实施例中，调制解调处理器可以独立于处理器110，与移动通信模块150或其他功能模块设置在同一个器件中。
无线通信模块160可以提供应用在电子设备100上的包括无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)，蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，调频(frequency modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(near field communication，NFC)，红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的解决方案。无线通信模块160可以是集成至少一个通信处理模块的一个或多个器件。无线通信模块160经由天线2接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到处理器110。无线通信模块160还可以从处理器110接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大，经天线2转为电磁波辐射出去。
在一些实施例中，电子设备100的天线1和移动通信模块150耦合，天线2和无线通信模块160耦合，使得电子设备100可以通过无线通信技术与网络以及其他设备通信。所述无线通信技术可以包括全球移动通讯系统(global system for mobile communications，GSM)，通用分组无线服务(general packet radio service，GPRS)，码分多址接入(code division multiple access，CDMA)，宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)，时分码分多址(time-division code division multiple access，TD-SCDMA)，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)，BT，GNSS，WLAN，NFC，FM，和/或IR技术等。所述GNSS可以包括全球卫星定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GLONASS)，北斗卫星导航系统(beidou navigation satellite system，BDS)，准天顶卫星系统(quasi-zenith satellite system，QZSS)和/或星基增强系统(satellite based augmentation systems，SBAS)。
电子设备100通过GPU，显示屏194，以及应用处理器等实现显示功能。GPU为图像处理的微处理器，连接显示屏194和应用处理器。GPU用于执行数学和几何计算，用于图形渲染。处理器110可包括一个或多个GPU，其执行程序指令以生成或改变显示信息。
显示屏194用于显示图像，视频等。显示屏194包括显示面板。显示面板可以采用液晶显示屏(liquid crystal display，LCD)，有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)，有源矩阵有机发光二极体或主动矩阵有机发光二极体(active-matrix organic light emitting diode，AMOLED)，柔性发光二极管(flex light-emitting diode，FLED)，Miniled，MicroLed，Micro-oLed，量子点发光二极管(quantum dot light emitting diodes，QLED)等。在一些实施例中，电子设备100可以包括1个或N个显示屏194，N为大于1的正整数。
电子设备100可以通过ISP，摄像头193，视频编解码器，GPU，显示屏194以及应用处理器等实现拍摄功能。
ISP用于处理摄像头193反馈的数据。例如，拍照时，打开快门，光线通过镜头被传递到摄像头感光元件上，光信号转换为电信号，摄像头感光元件将所述电信号传递给ISP处理，转化为肉眼可见的图像。ISP还可以对图像的噪点，亮度，肤色进行算法优化。ISP 还可以对拍摄场景的曝光，色温等参数优化。在一些实施例中，ISP可以设置在摄像头193中。
摄像头193用于捕获静态图像或视频。物体通过镜头生成光学图像投射到感光元件。感光元件可以是电荷耦合器件(charge coupled device，CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor，CMOS)光电晶体管。感光元件把光信号转换成电信号，之后将电信号传递给ISP转换成数字图像信号。ISP将数字图像信号输出到DSP加工处理。DSP将数字图像信号转换成标准的RGB，YUV等格式的图像信号。在一些实施例中，电子设备100可以包括1个或N个摄像头193，N为大于1的正整数。
数字信号处理器用于处理数字信号，除了可以处理数字图像信号，还可以处理其他数字信号。例如，当电子设备100在频点选择时，数字信号处理器用于对频点能量进行傅里叶变换等。
视频编解码器用于对数字视频压缩或解压缩。电子设备100可以支持一种或多种视频编解码器。这样，电子设备100可以播放或录制多种编码格式的视频，例如：动态图像专家组(moving picture experts group，MPEG)1，MPEG2，MPEG3，MPEG4等。
NPU为神经网络(neural-network，NN)计算处理器，通过借鉴生物神经网络结构，例如借鉴人脑神经元之间传递模式，对输入信息快速处理，还可以不断的自学习。通过NPU可以实现电子设备100的智能认知等应用，例如：图像识别，人脸识别，语音识别，文本理解等。
内部存储器121可以包括一个或多个随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)和一个或多个非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory，NVM)。
随机存取存储器可以包括静态随机存储器(static random-access memory，SRAM)、动态随机存储器(dynamic random access memory，DRAM)、同步动态随机存储器(synchronous dynamic random access memory,SDRAM)、双倍资料率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory,DDR SDRAM，例如第五代DDR SDRAM一般称为DDR5SDRAM)等；
非易失性存储器可以包括磁盘存储器件、快闪存储器(flash memory)。
快闪存储器按照运作原理划分可以包括NOR FLASH、NAND FLASH、3D NAND FLASH等，按照存储单元电位阶数划分可以包括单阶存储单元(single-level cell,SLC)、多阶存储单元(multi-level cell,MLC)、三阶储存单元(triple-level cell,TLC)、四阶储存单元(quad-level cell,QLC)等，按照存储规范划分可以包括通用闪存存储(英文：universal flash storage，UFS)、嵌入式多媒体存储卡(embedded multi media Card，eMMC)等。
随机存取存储器可以由处理器110直接进行读写，可以用于存储操作系统或其他正在运行中的程序的可执行程序(例如机器指令)，还可以用于存储用户及应用程序的数据等。
非易失性存储器也可以存储可执行程序和存储用户及应用程序的数据等，可以提前加载到随机存取存储器中，用于处理器110直接进行读写。
外部存储器接口120可以用于连接外部的非易失性存储器，实现扩展电子设备100的存储能力。外部的非易失性存储器通过外部存储器接口120与处理器110通信，实现数据存储功能。例如将音乐，视频等文件保存在外部的非易失性存储器中。
电子设备100可以通过音频模块170，扬声器170A，受话器170B，麦克风170C，耳机接口170D，以及应用处理器等实现音频功能。例如音乐播放，录音等。
音频模块170用于将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频信号。音频模块170还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码。在一些实施例中，音频模块170可以设置于处理器110中，或将音频模块170的部分功能模块设置于处理器110中。
扬声器170A，也称“喇叭”，用于将音频电信号转换为声音信号。电子设备100可以通过扬声器170A收听音乐，或收听免提通话。
受话器170B，也称“听筒”，用于将音频电信号转换成声音信号。当电子设备100接听电话或语音信息时，可以通过将受话器170B靠近人耳接听语音。
麦克风170C，也称“话筒”，“传声器”，用于将声音信号转换为电信号。当拨打电话或发送语音信息时，用户可以通过人嘴靠近麦克风170C发声，将声音信号输入到麦克风170C。电子设备100可以设置至少一个麦克风170C。在另一些实施例中，电子设备100可以设置两个麦克风170C，除了采集声音信号，还可以实现降噪功能。在另一些实施例中，电子设备100还可以设置三个，四个或更多麦克风170C，实现采集声音信号，降噪，还可以识别声音来源，实现定向录音功能等。
耳机接口170D用于连接有线耳机。耳机接口170D可以是USB接口130，也可以是3.5mm的开放移动电子设备平台(open mobile terminal platform，OMTP)标准接口，美国蜂窝电信工业协会(cellular telecommunications industry association of the USA，CTIA)标准接口。
压力传感器180A用于感受压力信号，可以将压力信号转换成电信号。在一些实施例中，压力传感器180A可以设置于显示屏194。压力传感器180A的种类很多，如电阻式压力传感器，电感式压力传感器，电容式压力传感器等。电容式压力传感器可以是包括至少两个具有导电材料的平行板。当有力作用于压力传感器180A，电极之间的电容改变。电子设备100根据电容的变化确定压力的强度。当有触摸操作作用于显示屏194，电子设备100根据压力传感器180A检测所述触摸操作强度。电子设备100也可以根据压力传感器180A的检测信号计算触摸的位置。在一些实施例中，作用于相同触摸位置，但不同触摸操作强度的触摸操作，可以对应不同的操作指令。例如：当有触摸操作强度小于第一压力阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行查看短消息的指令。当有触摸操作强度大于或等于第一压力阈值的触摸操作作用于短消息应用图标时，执行新建短消息的指令。
陀螺仪传感器180B可以用于确定电子设备100的运动姿态。在一些实施例中，可以通过陀螺仪传感器180B确定电子设备100围绕三个轴(即，x，y和z轴)的角速度。陀螺仪传感器180B可以用于拍摄防抖。示例性的，当按下快门，陀螺仪传感器180B检测电子设备100抖动的角度，根据角度计算出镜头模组需要补偿的距离，让镜头通过反向运动抵消电子设备100的抖动，实现防抖。陀螺仪传感器180B还可以用于导航，体感游戏场景。
气压传感器180C用于测量气压。在一些实施例中，电子设备100通过气压传感器180C测得的气压值计算海拔高度，辅助定位和导航。
磁传感器180D包括霍尔传感器。电子设备100可以利用磁传感器180D检测翻盖皮套 的开合。在一些实施例中，当电子设备100是翻盖机时，电子设备100可以根据磁传感器180D检测翻盖的开合。进而根据检测到的皮套的开合状态或翻盖的开合状态，设置翻盖自动解锁等特性。
加速度传感器180E可检测电子设备100在各个方向上(一般为三轴)加速度的大小。当电子设备100静止时可检测出重力的大小及方向。还可以用于识别电子设备姿态，应用于横竖屏切换，计步器等应用。
距离传感器180F，用于测量距离。电子设备100可以通过红外或激光测量距离。在一些实施例中，拍摄场景，电子设备100可以利用距离传感器180F测距以实现快速对焦。
接近光传感器180G可以包括例如发光二极管(LED)和光检测器，例如光电二极管。发光二极管可以是红外发光二极管。电子设备100通过发光二极管向外发射红外光。电子设备100使用光电二极管检测来自附近物体的红外反射光。当检测到充分的反射光时，可以确定电子设备100附近有物体。当检测到不充分的反射光时，电子设备100可以确定电子设备100附近没有物体。电子设备100可以利用接近光传感器180G检测用户手持电子设备100贴近耳朵通话，以便自动熄灭屏幕达到省电的目的。接近光传感器180G也可用于皮套模式，口袋模式自动解锁与锁屏。
环境光传感器180L用于感知环境光亮度。电子设备100可以根据感知的环境光亮度自适应调节显示屏194亮度。环境光传感器180L也可用于拍照时自动调节白平衡。环境光传感器180L还可以与接近光传感器180G配合，检测电子设备100是否在口袋里，以防误触。
指纹传感器180H用于采集指纹。电子设备100可以利用采集的指纹特性实现指纹解锁，访问应用锁，指纹拍照，指纹接听来电等。
温度传感器180J用于检测温度。在一些实施例中，电子设备100利用温度传感器180J检测的温度，执行温度处理策略。例如，当温度传感器180J上报的温度超过阈值，电子设备100执行降低位于温度传感器180J附近的处理器的性能，以便降低功耗实施热保护。在另一些实施例中，当温度低于另一阈值时，电子设备100对电池142加热，以避免低温导致电子设备100异常关机。在其他一些实施例中，当温度低于又一阈值时，电子设备100对电池142的输出电压执行升压，以避免低温导致的异常关机。
触摸传感器180K，也称“触控面板”。触摸传感器180K可以设置于显示屏194，由触摸传感器180K与显示屏194组成触摸屏，也称“触控屏”。触摸传感器180K用于检测作用于其上或附近的触摸操作。触摸传感器可以将检测到的触摸操作传递给应用处理器，以确定触摸事件类型。可以通过显示屏194提供与触摸操作相关的视觉输出。在另一些实施例中，触摸传感器180K也可以设置于电子设备100的表面，与显示屏194所处的位置不同。
按键190包括开机键，音量键等。按键190可以是机械按键。也可以是触摸式按键。电子设备100可以接收按键输入，产生与电子设备100的用户设置以及功能控制有关的键信号输入。
马达191可以产生振动提示。马达191可以用于来电振动提示，也可以用于触摸振动反馈。例如，作用于不同应用(例如拍照，音频播放等)的触摸操作，可以对应不同的振动反馈效果。作用于显示屏194不同区域的触摸操作，马达191也可对应不同的振动反馈效果。不同的应用场景(例如：时间提醒，接收信息，闹钟，游戏等)也可以对应不同的 振动反馈效果。触摸振动反馈效果还可以支持自定义。
指示器192可以是指示灯，可以用于指示充电状态，电量变化，也可以用于指示消息，未接来电，通知等。
SIM卡接口195用于连接SIM卡。SIM卡可以通过插入SIM卡接口195，或从SIM卡接口195拔出，实现和电子设备100的接触和分离。电子设备100可以支持1个或N个SIM卡接口，N为大于1的正整数。SIM卡接口195可以支持Nano SIM卡，Micro SIM卡，SIM卡等。同一个SIM卡接口195可以同时插入多张卡。所述多张卡的类型可以相同，也可以不同。SIM卡接口195也可以兼容不同类型的SIM卡。SIM卡接口195也可以兼容外部存储卡。电子设备100通过SIM卡和网络交互，实现通话以及数据通信等功能。
本申请的一些实施例中，可以将该内部存储器121中的非易失性存储器称为内存。将该内部存储器121中随机存取存储器称为存储器件。
本申请的一些实施例中，该内存中可以包括压缩内存空间，用于存储压缩的内存数据。
本申请实施例中，内部存储器121中的非易失性存储器中可以包含有交换空间，用于扩展内部存储器121中随机存取存储器的容量。
本申请实施例中，处理器110通过调用内部存储器121中存储的计算机指令，使得该电子设备100执行本申请实施例中的虚拟内存管理方法。
图11是本申请实施例的电子设备100的软件结构框图。
分层架构将软件分成若干个层，每一层都有清晰的角色和分工。层与层之间通过软件接口通信。在一些实施例中，将系统分为四层，从上至下分别为应用程序层，应用程序框架层，运行时(Runtime)和系统库，以及内核层。
应用程序层可以包括一系列应用程序包。
如图11所示，应用程序包可以包括相机，图库，日历，通话，地图，导航，WLAN，蓝牙，音乐，视频，短信息等应用程序(也可以称为应用)。
应用程序框架层为应用程序层的应用程序提供应用编程接口(application programming interface，API)和编程框架。应用程序框架层包括一些预先定义的函数。
如图11所示，应用程序框架层可以包括窗口管理器，内容提供器，视图系统，电话管理器，资源管理器，通知管理器等。
窗口管理器用于管理窗口程序。窗口管理器可以获取显示屏大小，判断是否有状态栏，锁定屏幕，截取屏幕等。
内容提供器用来存放和获取数据，并使这些数据可以被应用程序访问。所述数据可以包括视频，图像，音频，拨打和接听的电话，浏览历史和书签，电话簿等。
视图系统包括可视控件，例如显示文字的控件，显示图片的控件等。视图系统可用于构建应用程序。显示界面可以由一个或多个视图组成的。例如，包括短信通知图标的显示界面，可以包括显示文字的视图以及显示图片的视图。
电话管理器用于提供电子设备100的通信功能。例如通话状态的管理(包括接通，挂断等)。
资源管理器为应用程序提供各种资源，比如本地化字符串，图标，图片，布局文件， 视频文件等等。
通知管理器使应用程序可以在状态栏中显示通知信息，可以用于传达告知类型的消息，可以短暂停留后自动消失，无需用户交互。比如通知管理器被用于告知下载完成，消息提醒等。通知管理器还可以是以图表或者滚动条文本形式出现在系统顶部状态栏的通知，例如后台运行的应用程序的通知，还可以是以对话界面形式出现在屏幕上的通知。例如在状态栏提示文本信息，发出提示音，电子设备振动，指示灯闪烁等。
运行时(Runtime)包括核心库和虚拟机。Runtime负责系统的调度和管理。
核心库包含两部分：一部分是编程语言(例如，jave语言)需要调用的功能函数，另一部分是系统的核心库。
应用程序层和应用程序框架层运行在虚拟机中。虚拟机将应用程序层和应用程序框架层的编程文件(例如，jave文件)执行为二进制文件。虚拟机用于执行对象生命周期的管理，堆栈管理，线程管理，安全和异常的管理，以及垃圾回收等功能。
系统库可以包括多个功能模块。例如：表面管理器(surface manager)，媒体库(Media Libraries)，三维图形处理库(例如：OpenGL ES)，二维图形引擎(例如：SGL)等。
表面管理器用于对显示子系统进行管理，并且为多个应用程序提供了二维(2-Dimensional，2D)和三维(3-Dimensional，3D)图层的融合。
媒体库支持多种常用的音频，视频格式回放和录制，以及静态图像文件等。媒体库可以支持多种音视频编码格式，例如:MPEG4，H.264，MP3，AAC，AMR，JPG，PNG等。
三维图形处理库用于实现3D图形绘图，图像渲染，合成，和图层处理等。
2D图形引擎是2D绘图的绘图引擎。
内核层是硬件和软件之间的层。内核层至少包含显示驱动，摄像头驱动，音频驱动，传感器驱动，虚拟卡驱动。
下面结合捕获拍照场景，示例性说明电子设备100软件以及硬件的工作流程。
当触摸传感器180K接收到触摸操作，相应的硬件中断被发给内核层。内核层将触摸操作加工成原始输入事件(包括触摸坐标，触摸操作的时间戳等信息)。原始输入事件被存储在内核层。应用程序框架层从内核层获取原始输入事件，识别该输入事件所对应的控件。以该触摸操作是触摸单击操作，该单击操作所对应的控件为相机应用图标的控件为例，相机应用调用应用框架层的接口，启动相机应用，进而通过调用内核层启动摄像头驱动，通过摄像头193捕获静态图像或视频。
本申请实施例中，在应用程序框架层、系统库或内核层中，可以包括虚拟内存管理模块，该虚拟内存管理模块可用于执行本申请实施例中的虚拟内存管理方法。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，该虚拟内存管理模块具体可以包括：
分组模块，用于通过应用分组决策引擎，根据应用信息(例如应用的包名、应用类型等)、进程信息(例如进程名称、进程类型等)将各应用的进程划分到主进程分组和辅助进程分组。并根据应用行为(例如持续访问某个传感器获取数据)和规则模块中的应用行为规则(例如访问某个传感器数据的频率达到预设频率值)，调整辅助进程分组中的进程到主进程分组，或调整主进程分组中的进程到辅助进程分组中。
规则模块，用于保存各应用的进程分组切换的规则，也可以称为应用行为规则。包括将辅助进程分组中进程切换到主进程分组中的规则(例如将应用A的辅助进程分组中的进程切换到主进程分组中的预设第一条件)，以及将主进程分组中的进程切换到辅助进程分组中的规则(例如将应用A的已切换到主进程分组中的进程切换到辅助进程分组中的预设第二条件)。一个应用的进程分组切换的规则可以根据进程状态和/或用户行为来预设，例如可以预设地图类应用1中一个进程从辅助进程分组切换到主进程分组的预设条件为：该进程访问定位传感器的频率超出预设频率阈值1，且用户在该地图类应用1中的操作频率超出预设频率2。可以理解的是，一些进程分组切换的规则也可以只根据进程状态来预设，或只根据用户行为来预设，此处不作限定。
回收模块，用于根据分组模块对应用中各进程确定的不同的进程分组类型(主进程分组或辅助进程分组)，采用各种的方式回收其内存：包括压缩内存数据到压缩内存空间，转储内存数据或压缩内存空间的数据到存储器件中的交换空间，或清理内存中的内存数据等。对于不同的进程分组类型，在回收内存时可以采用不同的策略：例如，在压缩内存数据到压缩内存空间时，以较高的比例压缩主进程分组中进程的内存数据，以较低的比例压缩辅助进程分组中进程的内存数据。再如，在清理内存中的内存数据时，只清理辅助内存分组中进程的内存数据，而不清理主进程分组中进程的内存数据。
下面结合上述示例性电子设备100的软硬件结构，对本申请实施例中方法进行具体描述：
如图13所示，为本申请实施例中虚拟内存管理方法一个流程示意图。
S1301、电子设备开机后，通过已安装应用的应用信息，确定已安装应用的主进程的名称，保存已安装的应用与其主进程的对应关系到应用与主进程对应表中；
对于大部分应用，在应用信息中记录有其主进程的名称，电子设备开机后，可以在系统中获取所有应用的安装列表，通过调用应用的getApplicationInfo函数获取应用主进程名称，获取之后在系统中维护一个应用和主进程对应表。
例如，对于电子设备中已安装的应用A，电子设备可以根据其安装信息，确定其主进程的名称为P1，将应用A与进程P1的对应关系保存到应用与主进程对应表中。同理，可以确定的其他应用与其主进程的对应关系也保存到该应用与主进程对应表中。
示例性的，如下表3所示，为应用与主进程对应表的一个示例：
应用名称 主进程名称
应用A P1
应用B M2
应用C K5
   
表3
可以理解的是，在实际应用中，对于某些应用，电子设备也有可能根据应用信息，无法获取到该应用对应的主进程信息。此时可以不在应用与主进程对应表中显示该应用与主进程的对应关系，也可以将该应用与主进程的对应关系添加到应用与主进程对应表中并该 应用的主进程设为空值，此处不作限定。
S1302、电子设备启动应用A后，根据该应用与主进程对应表，将应用A的主进程划分到主进程分组中，将应用A的其他进程划分到辅助进程分组中；
示例性的，若应用与主进程对应表如上表3所示，应用A启动后启动了2个进程：进程P1、进程P2，则电子设备将该进程P1划分到应用A的主进程分组中，将进程P2划分到应用A的辅助进程分组中。
示例性的，若应用与主进程对应表如上表3所示，应用A启动后启动了3个进程：进程P1、进程P2、进程P3，则电子设备将该进程P1划分到应用A的主进程分组中，将进程P2、进程P3划分到应用A的辅助进程分组中。此时，内存中存储的应用A的分组关系可以如上表1所示。
示例性的，若应用与主进程对应表中应用A的主进程为空值，应用A启动后启动了3个进程：进程P1、进程P2、进程P3，则电子设备将这3个进程P1、P2、P3都划分到应用A的辅助进程分组中。
S1303、在应用A切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中应用A的主进程分组中进程的数据，以第二比例部分压缩内存中应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据，该第一比例大于该第二比例；
具体的，第一比例为应用A的主进程分组中进程的数据中，被压缩的数据与未被压缩的数据的比例；
第二比例为应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据中，被压缩的数据与未被压缩的数据的比例。
该预设第一内存回收条件可以为总的内存空间被占用率超出预设第一占用率，或某个应用的内存占用率超出预设应用第一占用率等，此处不作限定。
示例性的，如图6所示实施例的压缩阶段，在应用A切换到后台且总的内存空间被占用的比例超出预设阈值A时，电子设备以90％的比例压缩应用A的主进程分组中的进程P1的数据，以20％的比例压缩应用A的辅助进程分组中的进程P2和P3的数据。
可选的，在一些实施例中，内存中可以没有压缩内存空间。在这种情况下，可以不执行该步骤S1303。
S1304、在满足预设第二内存回收条件的情况下，电子设备清理内存中应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据；
在一些实施例中，若内存中有压缩内存空间，在执行了步骤S1303后，可以执行步骤S1304。此时，电子设备清理应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据时，根据不同的设定：(1)可以只清理内存中未压缩的应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据，而不清理压缩内存空间中应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据；(2)也可以将内存中未压缩的以及压缩内存空间中的应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据都进行清理，此处不作限定。
在一些实施例中，若内存中没有压缩内存空间，可以不执行步骤S1303而直接执行步 骤S1304。此时，电子设备可以直接清理内存中应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的全部数据。
可以理解的是，该预设第二内存回收条件的要求高于该预设第一内存回收条件。例如，若预设第一内存回收条件为内存空间被占用率高于50％，则预设第二内存回收条件可以为内存空间被占用率高于70％，此时可以认为该预设第二内存回收条件高于该预设第一内存回收条件。
本申请一些实施例中，也可以将该预设第一内存回收条件称为预设第二内存回收条件，而将该预设第二内存回收条件称为预设第一内存回收条件。此时预设第二内存回收条件的要求低于预设第一内存回收条件。例如，若预设第一内存回收条件为内存空间被占用率高于60％，则预设第二内存回收条件可以为内存空间被占用率高于40％，此时可以认为该预设第二内存回收条件低于该预设第一内存回收条件。
S1305、在满足预设第三内存回收条件的情况下，电子设备将内存中应用A的部分数据转储到存储器件的交换空间中；
在一些实施例中，若内存中有压缩内存空间，在执行步骤S1304后，可以执行步骤S1305。此时，电子设备可以将应用A在压缩内存空间中的数据转储到交换空间中。
在一些实施例中，若内存中没有压缩内存空间，可以不执行步骤S1303而直接执行步骤S1304，此时内存中已没有应用A的辅助进程分组中进程的数据。执行完步骤S1304后，执行步骤S1305时，电子设备可以按预设第一转储比例将内存中应用A的主进程分组中的数据转储到交换空间中。例如，该预设第一转储比例可以为20％、50％、100％等，此处不作限定。
可以理解的是，该预设第三内存回收条件高于该预设第二内存回收条件。例如，若预设第二内存回收条件为内存空间被占用率高于70％，则预设第三内存回收条件可以为内存空间被占用率高于90％，此时可以认为该预设第三内存回收条件高于该预设第二内存回收条件。
S1306、在将应用A切换到前台时，电子设备读取交换空间中应用A相关的数据到内存。
可以理解的是，若交换空间中应用A相关的数据为压缩数据，在读取该数据到内存中时，会对该数据进行解压缩。
示例性的，如图6所示实施例中的换出阶段，用户主动将应用A切换至前台时，电子设备会从交换空间读取转储的应用A的所有匿名页30M数据，解压到内存中。此时，应用A的主进程分组中的进程P1的数据完全恢复，为100M，可以正常显示应用A的用户界面。
本申请实施例中，电子设备可以将启动的应用的进程划分为该应用的主进程分组和辅助进程分组，对主进程分组和辅助进程分组中的进程采用不同的策略进行内存管理。对不重要的辅助进程分组中的进程的数据，采用较低的压缩比例，并在需要清理时直接清理掉。对重要的主进程分组中的进程，采用较高的压缩比例，并在内存压力大时转储到交换空间中，保障了重要进程数据的完整。由于直接清理了不重要的辅助进程分组中的进程的数据，减少了需要压缩的内存数据，也减少了需要转储到交换空间的数据。这样，减少了读写交 换空间的数据，提升了存储器件的寿命。且只需要读取较少的数据就可以恢复主进程分组中进程的数据，提升了应用热启动的速度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，进程P1也可以被称为第一进程，进程P2也可以被称为第二进程，进程P3也可以被称为第三进程；在本申请的一些实施例中，进程P1也可以被称为第一进程，进程P2也可以被称为第三进程，进程P2也可以被称为第二进程，此处不作限定。
结合图13所示的实施例，在一些实施例中，在应用A运行的过程中，电子设备会持续感知应用A启动的进程的进程状态。当电子设备确定应用A的辅助进程分组中的一个进程符合预设第一条件时，电子设备可以将该进程调整到应用A的主进程分组中。
该预设第一条件可以为预设第一状态表中预设进程与预设进程状态的对应关系。
可以理解的是，该预设第一条件可以由开发人员根据实际测试和需求配置。也即该预设第一状态表中包含的进程、进程状态以及对应关系均可以由开发人员根据需求配置。
示例性的，如下表4所示，为预设第一状态表的一个示例：
进程名称 进程状态
定位进程 定位状态
音乐播放进程 音乐播放状态
   
表4
可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，在该预设第一状态表中，进程与进程状态可以包括一一对应关系(一个进程名称对应一个进程状态)，也可以包括一对多的对应关系(一个进程名称对应多个进程状态，符合其中任何一个进程状态，该进程都符合该预设第一条件)，也可以包括多对一的对应关系(多个进程名称对应一个进程状态，这几个进程中任一个进程符合该进程状态，该进程都符合该预设第一条件)，此处不作限定。
一般的，该预设第一状态表中的预设进程可以为一些可能持续处于不可清理状态的进程，例如音乐播放进程、定位进程、计步进程等。该预设第一状态表中的预设进程状态可以为一些用户可感知的进程状态。例如，音乐播放进程处于音乐播放状态时，若清理该音乐播放进程，用户会发现音乐不再播放，因此可以感知到该音乐播放进程被清理。定位进程处于定位状态时，若清理该定位进程，用户会发现无法继续获取地理位置信息，因为可以感知到该定位进程被清理。
在一些实施例中，可以在电子设备确定无法清理掉某个进程的内存数据时，确定该进程的进程状态符合该预设第一条件。在一些实施例中，也可以周期性确定各进程的进程状态是否符合该预设第一状态表，从而确定各进程的进程状态是否符合该预设第一条件，此处不作限定。
结合图13所示的实施例，在一些实施例中，在应用A运行的过程中，电子设备会持续感知应用A启动的进程的进程状态。当电子设备确定应用A的主进程分组中的一个进程符合预设第二条件时，电子设备可以将该进程调整到应用A的辅助进程分组中。
该预设第二条件可以为预设第二状态表中预设进程与预设进程状态的对应关系。
该预设第二条件可以由开发人员根据实际测试和需求配置。也即该预设第二状态表中的进程、进程状态，以及进程与进程状态的对应关系均可以由开发人员根据需求配置。
示例性的，如下表5所示，为预设第二状态表的一个示例：
进程名称 进程状态
定位进程 无状态
音乐播放进程 无状态
   
表5
可以理解的是，在一些实施例中，在该预设第二状态表中，进程与进程状态可以包括一一对应关系(一个进程名称对应一个进程状态，该进程符合该进程状态，则该进程符合该预设第一条件)，也可以包括一对多的对应关系(一个进程名称对应多个进程状态，符合其中任何一个进程状态，该进程都符合该预设第一条件)，也可以包括多对一的对应关系(多个进程名称对应一个进程状态，这几个进程中任一个进程符合该进程状态，该进程都符合该预设第一条件)，此处不作限定。
一般的，该预设第二状态表中的预设进程可以为一些可能持续处于可清理状态的进程，例如音乐播放进程、定位进程、计步进程等。该预设第二状态表中的进程状态可以为一些用户不可感知的进程状态。例如，音乐播放进程在停止播放音乐时，其进程状态为无状态，此时若清理该音乐播放进程，用户也不会发现该进程被清理了。定位进程在停止定位时，其进程状态为无状态，若清理该定位进程，用户同样也不会发现该进程被清理了。
可以理解的是，在实际应用中，若对进程的分组大于两个，则可以设定将任一个分组中的进程转移到其他各分组的预设条件都互不相同，也可以设定将其中部分分组中的进程转移到某个分组的预设条件相同、部分分组中的进程转移到某个分组的预设条件不同，此处不作限定。
电子设备可以感知各进程的状态，根据进程的状态将其动态调整到不同的进程分组中进行相应的管理，提升了内存管理的效率。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。
上述实施例中所用，根据上下文，术语“当…时”可以被解释为意思是“如果…”或“在…后”或“响应于确定…”或“响应于检测到…”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“在确定…时”或“如果检测到(所陈述的条件或事件)”可以被解释为意思是“如果确定…”或“响应于确定…”或“在检测到(所陈述的条件或事件)时”或“响应于检测到(所陈述的条件或事件)”。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部 分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘)等。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，该流程可以由计算机程序来指令相关的硬件完成，该程序可存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法实施例的流程。而前述的存储介质包括：ROM或随机存储记忆体RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可存储程序代码的介质。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种虚拟内存管理方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于电子设备，所述电子设备包含第一应用，所述第一应用包括第一进程和第二进程，所述第一进程属于所述第一应用的第一进程分组，所述第二进程属于所述第一应用的第二进程分组，所述第一进程为与所述第一应用的主界面相关的进程，所述方法包括：
    在所述第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，所述电子设备清理所述第二进程分组中进程的数据；
    响应于将所述第一应用切换到前台的操作，所述电子设备通过所述第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示所述第一应用的主界面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第一内存回收条件的情况下，所述电子设备清理所述第二进程分组中进程的数据的步骤之前，所述方法还包括：
    在所述第一应用切换到后台且满足预设第二内存回收条件的情况下，所述电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中所述第一进程分组中进程的数据，得到第一分组压缩内存数据和第一分组未压缩内存数据；
    所述电子设备以第二比例部分压缩内存中所述第二进程分组中进程的数据，得到第二分组压缩内存数据和第二分组未压缩内存数据；所述第一比例大于所述第二比例；所述预设第二内存回收条件的要求低于所述预设第一内存回收条件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述响应于将所述第一应用切换到前台的操作，所述电子设备通过所述第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示所述第一应用的主界面的步骤之前，所述方法还包括：
    在满足预设第三内存回收条件的情况下，所述电子设备将所述第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中；所述预设第三内存回收条件的要求高于所述预设第一内存回收条件；
    所述响应于将所述第一应用切换到前台的操作，所述电子设备通过所述第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示所述第一应用的主界面，具体包括：
    响应于将所述第一应用切换到前台的操作，所述电子设备从所述存储器件的交换空间中读取所述第一应用相关的数据解压缩到内存中，其中所述第一应用相关的数据包括所述第一分组压缩内存数据的部分或全部；
    所述电子设备通过所述第一进程分组中的进程在内存中的数据显示所述第一应用的主界面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二进程分组中还包括所述第一应用的第三进程；
    所述电子设备清理所述第二进程分组中进程的数据的步骤之后，所述电子设备将所述 第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中的步骤之前，所述方法还包括：
    在所述电子设备确定所述第二进程分组中的所述第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，所述电子设备将所述第三进程调整到所述第一进程分组中；
    所述电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中所述第一进程分组中进程的数据，得到第一分组压缩内存数据和第一分组未压缩内存数据，具体包括：
    所述电子设备以所述第一比例部分压缩内存中第一进程的数据和第三进程的数据，得到第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内存数据作为所述第一分组压缩内存数据，得到第一进程的未压缩内存数据和第三进程的未压缩内存数据作为所述第一分组未压缩内存数据；
    所述电子设备将所述第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中，具体包括：
    所述电子设备将所述第一进程的压缩内存数据和第三进程的压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二进程分组中还包括所述第一应用的第三进程；
    所述电子设备将所述第一分组压缩内存数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中的步骤之后，所述方法还包括：
    在所述电子设备确定所述第二进程分组中的所述第三进程还在运行且在内存中的数据未被清理的情况下，所述电子设备将所述第三进程调整到所述第一进程分组中；
    所述电子设备将所述第三进程在内存中部分压缩的数据部分或全部转储到存储器件的交换空间中。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电子设备以第一比例部分压缩内存中所述第一进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第一压缩率；所述电子设备以第二比例部分压缩内存中所述第二进程分组中进程的数据时，采用预置第二压缩率；所述预置第一压缩率与所述与预置第二压缩率相同或不同。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述电子设备根据已安装应用的应用信息，确定已安装应用的主进程的名称；
    保存已安装的应用与其主进程的对应关系到应用与主进程对应表中，其中包括所述第一应用与所述第一进程的对应关系；
    在所述第一应用运行的情况下，所述电子设备根据所述应用与主进程对应表，将所述第一进程划分到所述第一进程分组中，将所述第一应用的其他进程划分到所述第二进程分组中。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在确定所述第二进程分组中的第四进程符合预设第一条件时，所述电子设备将所述第四进程调整到所述第一进程分组中，所述第四进程为所述第二进程分组中的任一个进程；
    在确实所述第一进程分组中的第五进程符合预设第二条件时，所述电子设备将所述第五进程调整到所述第二进程分组中，所述第五进程为所述第一进程分组中的任一个进程。
  9. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括：一个或多个处理器和存储器；
    所述存储器与所述一个或多个处理器耦合，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，所述计算机程序代码包括计算机指令，所述一个或多个处理器调用所述计算机指令以使得所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
  10. 一种芯片系统，所述芯片系统应用于电子设备，所述芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器，所述处理器用于调用计算机指令以使得所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
  11. 一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，其特征在于，当所述计算机程序产品在电子设备上运行时，使得所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
  12. 一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，其特征在于，当所述指令在电子设备上运行时，使得所述电子设备执行如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
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